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Aswathy M, Parama D, Hegde M, Dr S, Lankalapalli RS, Radhakrishnan KV, Kunnumakkara AB. Natural Prenylflavones from the Stem Bark of Artocarpus altilis: Promising Anticancer Agents for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Targeting the Akt/mTOR/STAT-3 Signaling Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24252-24267. [PMID: 38882137 PMCID: PMC11170706 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Artonin E (AA2) and artobiloxanthone (AA3) were extracted and purified from the acetone extract of the stem bark of Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg. Preliminary investigations of both candidates revealed promising cytotoxic effects in oral cancer cells. Moreover, these candidates modulated the expression of pivotal proteins linked to oral cancer progression, eliciting apoptosis through caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation. Additionally, our results showed that AA2 and AA3 suppressed several proteins linked with oral cancer, such as Bcl-2, COX-2, VEGF, and MMP-9, and modulated the cell signaling pathways, such as Akt/mTOR and STAT-3, offering valuable insights into the underlying mechanism of action of these compounds. These findings were robustly validated in silico using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. To our knowledge, these findings have not been previously reported, and the continued exploration and development of these natural products may offer a potential avenue for the effective management of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniyamma Aswathy
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sherin Dr
- Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology (Digital University Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram 695317, Kerala, India
| | - Ravi S Lankalapalli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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2
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Sharma V, Arora A, Bansal S, Semwal A, Sharma M, Aggarwal A. Role of bio-flavonols and their derivatives in improving mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with pancreatic tumorigenesis. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3920. [PMID: 38269510 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, a cellular metabolic center, efficiently fulfill cellular energy needs and regulate crucial metabolic processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Alteration in the mitochondrial functions leads to metabolic imbalances and altered extracellular matrix dynamics in the host, utilized by solid tumors like pancreatic cancer (PC) to get energy benefits for fast-growing cancer cells. PC is highly heterogeneous and remains unidentified for a longer time because of its complex pathophysiology, retroperitoneal position, and lack of efficient diagnostic approaches, which is the foremost reason for accounting for the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. PC cells often respond poorly to current therapeutics because of dense stromal barriers in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, which limit the drug delivery and distribution of antitumor immune cell populations. As an alternative approach, various natural compounds like flavonoids are reported to possess potent antioxidant and anticancerous properties and are less toxic than current chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacological properties of flavonols in PC in this review from the perspective of mitigating mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with cancer cells. Our literature survey indicates that flavonols efficiently regulate cellular metabolism by scavenging reactive oxygen species, mitigating inflammation, and arresting the cell cycle to promote apoptosis in tumor cells via intrinsic mitochondrial pathways. In particular, flavonols proficiently inhibit the cancer-associated proliferation and inflammatory pathways such as EGFR/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and nuclear factor κB in PC. Overall, this review provides in-depth evidence about the therapeutic potential of flavonols for future anticancer strategies against PC; still, more multidisciplinary human interventional studies are required to dissect their pharmacological effect accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Arora
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Semwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mayank Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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3
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Pustelny K, Grygier P, Barzowska A, Pucelik B, Matsuda A, Mrowiec K, Slugocka E, Popowicz GM, Dubin G, Czarna A. Binding mechanism and biological effects of flavone DYRK1A inhibitors for the design of new antidiabetics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18114. [PMID: 37872245 PMCID: PMC10593742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective inhibition of kinases from the diabetic kinome is known to promote the regeneration of beta cells and provide an opportunity for the curative treatment of diabetes. The effect can be achieved by carefully tailoring the selectivity of inhibitor toward a particular kinase, especially DYRK1A, previously associated with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Recently DYRK1A inhibition has been shown to promote both insulin secretion and beta cells proliferation. Here, we show that commonly available flavones are effective inhibitors of DYRK1A. The observed biochemical activity of flavone compounds is confirmed by crystal structures solved at 2.06 Å and 2.32 Å resolution, deciphering the way inhibitors bind in the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase, which is driven by the arrangement of hydroxyl moieties. We also demonstrate antidiabetic properties of these biomolecules and prove that they could be further improved by therapy combined with TGF-β inhibitors. Our data will allow future structure-based optimization of the presented scaffolds toward potent, bioavailable and selective anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pustelny
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Grygier
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alex Matsuda
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mrowiec
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Emilia Slugocka
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz M Popowicz
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Czarna
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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4
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Pratelli G, Tamburini B, Carlisi D, De Blasio A, D’Anneo A, Emanuele S, Notaro A, Affranchi F, Giuliano M, Seidita A, Lauricella M, Di Liberto D. Foodomics-Based Approaches Shed Light on the Potential Protective Effects of Polyphenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14619. [PMID: 37834065 PMCID: PMC10572570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GT) caused by a wide range of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors. IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation and decreased gut microbial diversity, dysbiosis, with a lower number of beneficial bacteria and a concomitant increase in pathogenic species. It is well known that dysbiosis is closely related to the induction of inflammation and oxidative stress, the latter caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular antioxidant capacity, leading to cellular ROS accumulation. ROS are responsible for intestinal epithelium oxidative damage and the increased intestinal permeability found in IBD patients, and their reduction could represent a potential therapeutic strategy to limit IBD progression and alleviate its symptoms. Recent evidence has highlighted that dietary polyphenols, the natural antioxidants, can maintain redox equilibrium in the GT, preventing gut dysbiosis, intestinal epithelium damage, and radical inflammatory responses. Here, we suggest that the relatively new foodomics approaches, together with new technologies for promoting the antioxidative properties of dietary polyphenols, including novel delivery systems, chemical modifications, and combination strategies, may provide critical insights to determine the clinical value of polyphenols for IBD therapy and a comprehensive perspective for implementing natural antioxidants as potential IBD candidate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pratelli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Affranchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Aurelio Seidita
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
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5
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Proença C, Rufino AT, Santos I, Albuquerque HMT, Silva AMS, Fernandes E, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP. Gossypetin Is a Novel Modulator of Inflammatory Cytokine Production and a Suppressor of Osteosarcoma Cell Growth. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1744. [PMID: 37760046 PMCID: PMC10525374 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common childhood sarcoma, and its treatment is hindered by adverse effects, chemoresistance, and recurrence. Interleukin (IL)-6 production by tumors plays a significant role in inflammation, carcinogenesis, and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative potential of luteolin derivatives in OS and to evaluate interleukin production. MG-63, Saos-2, HOS, and 143B human OS cell lines were incubated with luteolin and eight derivatives containing hydroxy, chlorine, or alkyl substitutions. The cell viability and growth were evaluated in the presence of these compounds. Apoptosis was also examined through the analysis of the Bax expression and caspase-3 activity. Finally, the gossypetin effects were measured regarding the production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-12p70. Our findings show that gossypetin was the most potent compound, with proliferation-suppressing activities that induced a series of critical events, including the inhibition of the cell viability and growth. Apoptosis was associated with enhanced caspase-3 activity and increased Bax expression, indicating the involvement of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, pre-/co-treatment with gossypetin significantly reduced the autocrine production of proinflammatory cytokines. Further investigation is required; nevertheless, considering the link between inflammation, carcinogenesis, and metastasis in OS, our findings suggest that gossypetin exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties that are potentially relevant in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.T.R.); (I.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Ana Teresa Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.T.R.); (I.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Isabela Santos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.T.R.); (I.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Hélio M. T. Albuquerque
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.M.T.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (H.M.T.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.T.R.); (I.S.); (E.F.)
| | - José Miguel P. Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.T.R.); (I.S.); (E.F.)
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6
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Hegde M, Girisa S, Naliyadhara N, Kumar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Mohan CD, Warrier S, Hui KM, Rangappa KS, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Natural compounds targeting nuclear receptors for effective cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:765-822. [PMID: 36482154 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of forty-eight transcription factors that modulate gene expression both spatially and temporally. Numerous biochemical, physiological, and pathological processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, immune modulation, development, reproduction, and aging are extensively orchestrated by different NRs. The involvement of dysregulated NRs and NR-mediated signaling pathways in driving cancer cell hallmarks has been thoroughly investigated. Targeting NRs has been one of the major focuses of drug development strategies for cancer interventions. Interestingly, rapid progress in molecular biology and drug screening reveals that the naturally occurring compounds are promising modern oncology drugs which are free of potentially inevitable repercussions that are associated with synthetic compounds. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to draw our attention to the potential therapeutic effects of various classes of natural compounds that target NRs such as phytochemicals, dietary components, venom constituents, royal jelly-derived compounds, and microbial derivatives in the establishment of novel and safe medications for cancer treatment. This review also emphasizes molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are leveraged to promote the anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds. We have also critically reviewed and assessed the advantages and limitations of current preclinical and clinical studies on this subject for cancer prophylaxis. This might subsequently pave the way for new paradigms in the discovery of drugs that target specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nikunj Naliyadhara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, 35712, Gamasa, Egypt
| | | | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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7
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Jamieson PE, Carbonero F, Stevens JF. Dietary (poly)phenols mitigate inflammatory bowel disease: Therapeutic targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical observations. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100521. [PMID: 37266414 PMCID: PMC10230173 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are a rapidly growing public health concern worldwide. These diseases are heterogeneous at the clinical, immunological, molecular, genetic, and microbial level, but characteristically involve a disrupted immune-microbiome axis. Shortcomings in conventional treatment options warrant the need for novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate these life-long and relapsing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Polyphenols, a diverse group of phytochemicals, have gained attention as candidate treatments due to their array of biological effects. Polyphenols exert broad anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways and transcription factors important in IBD progression. Polyphenols also bidirectionally modulate the gut microbiome, supporting commensals and inhibiting pathogens. One of the primary means by which gut microbiota interface with the host is through the production of metabolites, which are small molecules produced as intermediate or end products of metabolism. There is growing evidence to support that modulation of the gut microbiome by polyphenols restores microbially derived metabolites critical to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis that are adversely disrupted in IBD. This review aims to define the therapeutic targets of polyphenols that may be important for mitigation of IBD symptoms, as well as to collate evidence for their clinical use from randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Jamieson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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8
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Kunnumakkara AB, Hegde M, Parama D, Girisa S, Kumar A, Daimary UD, Garodia P, Yenisetti SC, Oommen OV, Aggarwal BB. Role of Turmeric and Curcumin in Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:447-518. [PMID: 37082752 PMCID: PMC10111629 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been used for thousands of years for the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. Curcumin is just one of >200 ingredients in turmeric. Almost 7000 scientific papers on turmeric and almost 20,000 on curcumin have been published in PubMed. Scientific reports based on cell culture or animal studies are often not reproducible in humans. Therefore, human clinical trials are the best indicators for the prevention and treatment of a disease using a given agent/drug. Herein, we conducted an extensive literature survey on PubMed and Scopus following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The keywords "turmeric and clinical trials" and "curcumin and clinical trials" were considered for data mining. A total of 148 references were found to be relevant for the key term "turmeric and clinical trials", of which 70 were common in both PubMed and Scopus, 44 were unique to PubMed, and 34 were unique to Scopus. Similarly, for the search term "curcumin and clinical trials", 440 references were found to be relevant, of which 70 were unique to PubMed, 110 were unique to Scopus, and 260 were common to both databases. These studies show that the golden spice has enormous health and medicinal benefits for humans. This Review will extract and summarize the lessons learned about turmeric and curcumin in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases based on clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Prachi Garodia
- Integrative
Research Center, Miami, Florida 33125, United States
| | - Sarat Chandra Yenisetti
- Department
of Zoology, Drosophila Neurobiology Laboratory, Nagaland University (Central), Lumami, Nagaland-798627, India
| | - Oommen V. Oommen
- Department
of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695581, India
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Inflammation
Research Center, San Diego, California 92109, United States
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9
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Hegde M, Girisa S, BharathwajChetty B, Vishwa R, Kunnumakkara AB. Curcumin Formulations for Better Bioavailability: What We Learned from Clinical Trials Thus Far? ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10713-10746. [PMID: 37008131 PMCID: PMC10061533 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has been credited with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties for the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases such as arthritis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hemoglobinopathies, hypertension, infectious diseases, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, neurological diseases, obesity, and skin diseases. However, due to its weak solubility and bioavailability, it has limited potential as an oral medication. Numerous factors including low water solubility, poor intestinal permeability, instability at alkaline pH, and fast metabolism contribute to curcumin's limited oral bioavailability. In order to improve its oral bioavailability, different formulation techniques such as coadministration with piperine, incorporation into micelles, micro/nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, liposomes, solid dispersions, spray drying, and noncovalent complex formation with galactomannosides have been investigated with in vitro cell culture models, in vivo animal models, and humans. In the current study, we extensively reviewed clinical trials on various generations of curcumin formulations and their safety and efficacy in the treatment of many diseases. We also summarized the dose, duration, and mechanism of action of these formulations. We have also critically reviewed the advantages and limitations of each of these formulations compared to various placebo and/or available standard care therapies for these ailments. The highlighted integrative concept embodied in the development of next-generation formulations helps to minimize bioavailability and safety issues with least or no adverse side effects and the provisional new dimensions presented in this direction may add value in the prevention and cure of complex chronic diseases.
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Venkat R, Verma E, Daimary UD, Kumar A, Girisa S, Dutta U, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. The Journey of Resveratrol from Vineyards to Clinics. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:183-220. [PMID: 35993769 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2115057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
With rising technological advancements, several factors influence the lifestyle of people and stimulate chronic inflammation that severely affects the human body. Chronic inflammation leads to a broad range of physical and pathophysiological distress. For many years, non-steroidal drugs and corticosteroids were most frequently used in treating inflammation and related ailments. However, long-term usage of these drugs aggravates the conditions of chronic diseases and is presented with morbid side effects, especially in old age. Hence, the quest for safe and less toxic anti-inflammatory compounds of high therapeutic potential with least adverse side effects has shifted researchers' attention to ancient medicinal system. Resveratrol (RSV) - 3,4,5' trihydroxystilbene is one such naturally available polyphenolic stilbene derivative obtained from various plant sources. For over 2000 years, these plants have been used in Asian medicinal system for curing inflammation-associated disorders. There is a wealth of in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence that shows RSV could induce anti-aging health benefits including, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, phytoesterogenic, and cardio protective properties. However, the issue of rapid elimination of RSV through the metabolic system and its low bio-availability is of paramount importance which is being studied extensively. Therefore, in this article, we scientifically reviewed the molecular targets, biological activities, beneficial and contradicting effects of RSV as evinced by clinical studies for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-mediated chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Venkat
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Elika Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Department of Zoology, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Natural Compounds That Enhance Motor Function in a Mouse Model of Muscle Fatigue. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123073. [PMID: 36551829 PMCID: PMC9775528 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disease can be a serious condition associated with aging that may lead to fractures and a bedridden state due to decreased motor function. In addition to exercise training to increase muscle mass, increasing muscle function with the intake of functional foods is an effective treatment strategy for musculoskeletal disease. Muscle-specific SOD2-deficient mice (muscle-Sod2-/-) show a severe disturbance in exercise in association with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and muscle damage. In the present study, to develop a therapeutic strategy for musculoskeletal disease, we searched for substances that enhanced motor function among functional compounds by in vivo screening using muscle-Sod2-/- mice as a muscle fatigue model. We administered 96 compounds, including antioxidants, to muscle-Sod2-/- mice and assessed their effects on treadmill performance. Among the administered compounds, gossypin, genistein, kaempferol, taxifolin, fumaric acid, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Ca, and astaxanthin, which are dietary functional food factors, increased forced running time in muscle-Sod2-/- mice. In addition, troglitazone, tempol, trolox, and MnTE-2-PyP, which are antioxidants, also significantly increased the running ability of muscle-Sod2-/- mice. These results suggest that the intake of functional foods with antioxidant activity can improve motor function. Muscle-Sod2-/- mice, as a muscle fatigue model, are suitable for the in vivo screening of functional substances that promote improvements in exercise and muscle performance.
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Sajeev A, Hegde M, Daimary UD, Kumar A, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Modulation of diverse oncogenic signaling pathways by oroxylin A: An important strategy for both cancer prevention and treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154369. [PMID: 35985182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of major advances in diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies, cancer is still a foreboding cause due to factors like chemoresistance, radioresistance, adverse side effects and cancer recurrence. Therefore, continuous development of unconventional approaches is a prerequisite to overcome foregoing glitches. Natural products have found their way into treatment of serious health conditions, including cancer since ancient times. The compound oroxylin A (OA) is one among those with enormous potential against different malignancies. It is a flavonoid obtained from the several plants such as Oroxylum indicum, Scutellaria baicalensis and S. lateriflora, Anchietea pyrifolia, and Aster himalaicus. PURPOSE The main purpose of this study is to comprehensively elucidate the anticancerous effects of OA against various malignancies and unravel their chemosensitization and radiosensitization potential. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of OA have also been investigated. METHOD The literature on antineoplastic effects of OA was searched in PubMed and Scopus, including in vitro and in vivo studies and is summarized based on a systematic review protocol prepared according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The term "oroxylin A" was used in combination with "cancer" and all the title, abstracts and keywords appeared were considered. RESULTS In Scopus, a total of 157 articles appeared out of which 103 articles that did not meet the eligibility criteria were eliminated and 54 were critically evaluated. In PubMed, from the 85 results obtained, 26 articles were eliminated and 59 were included in the preparation of this review. Mounting number of studies have illustrated the anticancer effects of OA, and its mechanism of action. CONCLUSION OA is a promising natural flavonoid possessing wide range of pleiotropic properties and is a potential anticancer agent. It has a great potential in the treatment of multiple cancers including brain, breast, cervical, colon, esophageal, gall bladder, gastric, hematological, liver, lung, oral, ovarian, pancreatic and skin. However, lack of pharmacokinetic studies, toxicity assessments, and dose standardization studies and adverse effects limit the optimization of this compound as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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DİRİCAN E, ÇINAR İ. Gossypin’in prostat kanser hücrelerinde MMP-2 ve MMP-9 genleri üzerindeki etkisi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1137306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore the effects of gossypin on matrix metalloproteinases -2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 genes in prostate cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: PC3 cells were grown in culture and treated with three different concentrations of gossypin (25-50-100 µg/ml) and cisplatin (50 µM) as a positive control. First, RNA isolation was performed. Then, cDNA synthesis was performed and RT-PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes.
Results: Gossypin decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression in prostate cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Three concentrations (25-50-100 µg/ml) of gossypin in PC3 cells reduced the mRNA expression of the MMP-2 gene. While the fold change value of MMP-2 gene expression was 0.3482 ± 0.040 (mean ± sd) in the 100 µg/ml gossypin group, it was 1.007 ± 0.1425 (mean ± sd) in the control group. In addition, 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml concentrations of gossypin decreased the mRNA expression of the MMP-9 gene. The expression level of the MMP-9 gene in prostate cancer cells was 0.4740 ± 0.038 (mean ± sd) in the 100 µg/ml gossypin administered group, while it was 1.009 ± 0.1687 (mean ± sd) in the control group. There was a positive correlation between the expressions of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained, it is seen that gossypin reduces the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes in prostate cancer cells and the effects of gossypin on other genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in cancer need to be investigated to reveal the anti-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebubekir DİRİCAN
- BAYBURT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BAYBURT SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU
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Aswathy M, Vijayan A, Daimary UD, Girisa S, Radhakrishnan KV, Kunnumakkara AB. Betulinic acid: A natural promising anticancer drug, current situation, and future perspectives. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23206. [PMID: 36124371 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Natural products serve as the single most productive source for the discovery of drugs and pharmaceutical leads. Among the various chemicals derived from microbes, plants, and animals, phytochemicals have emerged as potential candidates for the development of anticancer drugs due to their structural diversities, complexities, and pleiotropic effects. Herein, we discuss betulinic acid (BA), a ubiquitously distributed lupane structured pentacyclic triterpenoid, scrutinized as a promising natural agent for the prevention, suppression, and management of various human malignancies. Ease of availability, common occurrences, cell-specific cytotoxicity, and astonishing selectivity are the important factors that contribute to the development of BA as an anticancer agent. The current review delineates the mechanistic framework of BA-mediated cancer suppression through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways and also summarizes the key outcomes of BA in preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniyamma Aswathy
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ajesh Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Uzini D Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kokkuvayil V Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Jayaprakash S, Hegde M, Girisa S, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Lee EHC, Yap KCH, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Demystifying the Functional Role of Nuclear Receptors in Esophageal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810952. [PMID: 36142861 PMCID: PMC9501100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC), an aggressive and poorly understood disease, is one of the top causes of cancer-related fatalities. GLOBOCAN 2020 reports that there are 544,076 deaths and 604,100 new cases expected worldwide. Even though there are various advancements in treatment procedures, this cancer has been reported as one of the most difficult cancers to cure, and to increase patient survival; treatment targets still need to be established. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a type of transcription factor, which has a key role in several biological processes such as reproduction, development, cellular differentiation, stress response, immunity, metabolism, lipids, and drugs, and are essential regulators of several diseases, including cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of NRs in tumor immunology and proved the well-known roles of multiple NRs in modulating proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. There are surplus of studies conducted on NRs and their implications in EC, but only a few studies have demonstrated the diagnostic and prognostic potential of NRs. Therefore, there is still a paucity of the role of NRs and different ways to target them in EC cells to stop them from spreading malignancy. This review emphasizes the significance of NRs in EC by discussing their diverse agonists as well as antagonists and their response to tumor progression. Additionally, we emphasize NRs’ potential to serve as a novel therapeutic target and their capacity to treat and prevent EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujitha Jayaprakash
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - E. Hui Clarissa Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Chun-Hong Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.)
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Sajeev A, Hegde M, Girisa S, Devanarayanan TN, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sil SK, Sethi G, Chen JT, Kunnumakkara AB. Oroxylin A: A Promising Flavonoid for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1185. [PMID: 36139025 PMCID: PMC9496116 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been magnificent advancements in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of chronic diseases over the past several years, but these diseases continue to be a considerable cause of death worldwide. Most of the approved medications available for the prevention and treatment of these diseases target only a single gene/protein/pathway and are known to cause severe side effects and are less effective than they are anticipated. Consequently, the development of finer therapeutics that outshine the existing ones is far-reaching. Natural compounds have enormous applications in curbing several disastrous and fatal diseases. Oroxylin A (OA) is a flavonoid obtained from the plants Oroxylum indicum, Scutellaria baicalensis, and S. lateriflora, which have distinctive pharmacological properties. OA modulates the important signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, ERK1/2, Wnt/β-catenin, PTEN/PI3K/Akt, and signaling molecules, such as TNF-α, TGF-β, MMPs, VEGF, interleukins, Bcl-2, caspases, HIF-1α, EMT proteins, Nrf-2, etc., which play a pivotal role in the molecular mechanism of chronic diseases. Overwhelming pieces of evidence expound on the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer potentials of this flavonoid, which makes it an engrossing compound for research. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies also displayed the promising potential of OA against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, neurological disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, etc. Therefore, the current review focuses on delineating the role of OA in combating different chronic diseases and highlighting the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Thulasidharan Nair Devanarayanan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Center, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Samir Kumar Sil
- Cell Physiology and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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DİRİCAN E, ÇINAR İ. Gossypin'in farklı kanser hücre dizilerinde HSP60 ve HSP70'in gen ekspresyonu üzerindeki etkisi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1052787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gossypin'in farklı kanser hücre hatlarında ısı şok proteinleri (HSP) genlerinin ekspresyon seviyesi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Hücreler, standart kültür koşulları altında büyütüldü. Kanser hücreleri, farklı konsantrasyonlarda (5-100 µg/ml) gossypin ve pozitif kontrol olarak sisplatin (50 µM) ile muamele edildi. Gossypin'in hücre canlılığı ve etkili doz aralığı (5-100 µg/ml), 24, 48 ve 72. saatlerde MTT ile belirlendi. RNA izolasyonu ve cDNA sentezinden sonra, HSP60 ve HSP70 gen ekpresyon seviyesi RT-PCR ile analiz edildi. Gen ekspresyonu için 2-∆∆ct methodu kullanıldı.
Bulgular: MTT sonuçlarına göre kanser hücre hatlarında 25-50-100 µg/ml gossipin dozlarının HSP60 ve HSP70 gen ekspresyon seviyeleri üzerinde etkili olduğu bulundu. Gossypin, üç hücre hattında HSP60 ve HSP70'in ekspresyonunu doza bağımlı olarak etkilemiştir. Üç hücre hattında, 50 µg/ml ve 100 µg/ml gossipin dozları, HSP60 ve HSP70'in ekspresyonunu kontrol grubuna kıyasla önemli ölçüde azalttı.
Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız, farklı hücre dizilerinde çeşitli dozlarda gossypinin antikarsinojenik etkisini güçlü bir şekilde desteklemektedir. Fakat, daha fazla in vivo araştırma ve insan çalışmalarına ihtiyaç olduğuna inanıyoruz. Bulgularımız, gossypin'nin farklı kanser türlerinin önlenmesi ve/veya tedavisi için yeni stratejiler geliştirmek için daha ileri araştırmalar için uygun aday ajan olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebubekir DİRİCAN
- BAYBURT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BAYBURT SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU
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Prasad M, Jayaraman S, Rajagopal P, Veeraraghavan VP, Kumar PK, Piramanayagam S, Pari L. Diosgenin inhibits ER stress-induced inflammation in aorta via iRhom2/TACE mediated signaling in experimental diabetic rats: An in vivo and in silico approach. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 358:109885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Parama D, Girisa S, Khatoon E, Kumar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. An Overview of the Pharmacological Activities of Scopoletin against Different Chronic Diseases. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Xu Q, Cao Z, Xu J, Dai M, Zhang B, Lai Q, Liu X. Effects and mechanisms of natural plant active compounds for the treatment of osteoclast-mediated bone destructive diseases. J Drug Target 2021; 30:394-412. [PMID: 34859718 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.2013488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone-destructive diseases, caused by overdifferentiation of osteoclasts, reduce bone mass and quality, and disrupt bone microstructure, thereby causes osteoporosis, Paget's disease, osteolytic bone metastases, and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoclasts, the only multinucleated cells with bone resorption function, are derived from haematopoietic progenitors of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The regulation of osteoclast differentiation is considered an effective target for the treatment of bone-destructive diseases. Natural plant-derived products have received increasing attention in recent years due to their good safety profile, the preference of natural compounds over synthetic drugs, and their potential therapeutic and preventive activity against osteoclast-mediated bone-destructive diseases. In this study, we reviewed the research progress of the potential antiosteoclast active compounds extracted from medicinal plants and their molecular mechanisms. Active compounds from natural plants that inhibit osteoclast differentiation and functions include flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, glucosides, polyphenols, alkaloids, coumarins, lignans, and limonoids. They inhibit bone destruction by downregulating the expression of osteoclast-specific marker genes (CTSK, MMP-9, TRAP, OSCAR, DC-STAMP, V-ATPase d2, and integrin av3) and transcription factors (c-Fos, NFATc1, and c-Src), prevent the effects of local factors (ROS, LPS, and NO), and suppress the activation of various signalling pathways (MAPK, NF-κB, Akt, and Ca2+). Therefore, osteoclast-targeting natural products are of great value in the prevention and treatment of bone destructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiyou Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - JiaQiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Kunnumakkara AB, Rana V, Parama D, Banik K, Girisa S, Henamayee S, Thakur KK, Dutta U, Garodia P, Gupta SC, Aggarwal BB. COVID-19, cytokines, inflammation, and spices: How are they related? Life Sci 2021; 284:119201. [PMID: 33607159 PMCID: PMC7884924 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine storm is the exaggerated immune response often observed in viral infections. It is also intimately linked with the progression of COVID-19 disease as well as associated complications and mortality. Therefore, targeting the cytokine storm might help in reducing COVID-19-associated health complications. The number of COVID-19 associated deaths (as of January 15, 2021; https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/) in the USA is high (1199/million) as compared to countries like India (110/million). Although the reason behind this is not clear, spices may have some role in explaining this difference. Spices and herbs are used in different traditional medicines, especially in countries such as India to treat various chronic diseases due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. AIM To evaluate the literature available on the anti-inflammatory properties of spices which might prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. METHOD A detailed literature search has been conducted on PubMed for collecting information pertaining to the COVID-19; the history, origin, key structural features, and mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2; the repurposed drugs in use for the management of COVID-19, and the anti-inflammatory role of spices to combat COVID-19 associated cytokine storm. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials that have reported the potency of spices to exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating crucial molecular targets for inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE As spices are derived from Mother Nature and are inexpensive, they are relatively safer to consume. Therefore, their anti-inflammatory property can be exploited to combat the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. This review thus focuses on the current knowledge on the role of spices for the treatment of COVID-19 through suppression of inflammation-linked cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India,Corresponding author at: Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sahu Henamayee
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | | | - Subash C. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Inflammation Research Center, San Diego, California 92109, USA,Corresponding author at: Inflammation Research Center, San Diego, California 92109, USA
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Kumar A, Harsha C, Parama D, Girisa S, Daimary UD, Mao X, Kunnumakkara AB. Current clinical developments in curcumin-based therapeutics for cancer and chronic diseases. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6768-6801. [PMID: 34498308 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen an unprecedented rise in the prevalence of chronic diseases worldwide. Different mono-targeted approaches have been devised to treat these multigenic diseases, still most of them suffer from limited success due to the off-target debilitating side effects and their inability to target multiple pathways. Hence a safe, efficacious, and multi-targeted approach is the need for the hour to circumvent these challenging chronic diseases. Curcumin, a natural compound extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, has been under intense scrutiny for its wide medicinal and biological properties. Curcumin is known to manifest antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antineoplastic, antifungal, and proapoptotic effects. A plethora of literature has already established the immense promise of curcuminoids in the treatment and clinical management of various chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. To date, more than 230 clinical trials have opened investigations to understand the pharmacological aspects of curcumin in human systems. Still, further randomized clinical studies in different ethnic populations warrant its transition to a marketed drug. This review summarizes the results from different clinical trials of curcumin-based therapeutics in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Girisa S, Henamayee S, Parama D, Rana V, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Targeting Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) for developing novel therapeutics against cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:21. [PMID: 35006466 PMCID: PMC8607382 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the lethal diseases that arise due to the molecular alterations in the cell. One of those alterations associated with cancer corresponds to differential expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor regulating bile, cholesterol homeostasis, lipid, and glucose metabolism. FXR is known to regulate several diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases, the two highly reported causes of mortality globally. Recent studies have shown the association of FXR overexpression with cancer development and progression in different types of cancers of breast, lung, pancreas, and oesophagus. It has also been associated with tissue-specific and cell-specific roles in various cancers. It has been shown to modulate several cell-signalling pathways such as EGFR/ERK, NF-κB, p38/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and JAK/STAT along with their targets such as caspases, MMPs, cyclins; tumour suppressor proteins like p53, C/EBPβ, and p-Rb; various cytokines; EMT markers; and many more. Therefore, FXR has high potential as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cancer. Thus, the present review focuses on the diverse role of FXR in different cancers and its agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosmitha Girisa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sahu Henamayee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Cinar I. Apoptosis-Inducing Activity and Antiproliferative Effect of Gossypin on PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:445-450. [PMID: 32698736 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200721103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The rapid growth, morbidity and mortality of prostate cancer, and the lack of effective treatment have attracted great interest of researchers to find novel cancer therapies aiming at the effect of gossypin on cell proliferation and apoptosis of PC-3 cells. METHODS The effect of gossypin on cell viability was determined using MTT assay at 5-100μg/ml and cisplatin (50μM) in a time-dependent manner in PC-3 cell lines. The expression levels of caspase-3 (CASP3) and caspase-9 (CASP9) for apoptosis and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFKB1) for survival, inflammation, and growth were evaluated by real-time PCR. Hoechst staining was used to analyze apoptosis. RESULTS Gossypin showed an anti-proliferative effect on PC3 cell line in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, gossypin led to a significant increase in apoptosis genes (CASP3, CASP9) when compared to control while it caused a decrease in the level of NFKB1, which is accepted as apoptosis inhibitor (p<0.05) (cisplatin-like). Gossypin 50 and 100μM significantly induced apoptotic mechanism in PC-3 cells. However, no apoptotic or commonly stained nuclei have been observed in control group cells. CONCLUSION The results indicated that gossypin can be defined as a promising anticancer agent for PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Cinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Mohamed M, El Sheikh AK, Mohammed HH. Modulation of Liver P-Glycoprotien Expression May Contribute to Gossypin Protection against Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Indian J Pharmacol 2021; 53:25-30. [PMID: 33975996 PMCID: PMC8216128 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_824_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methotrexate (MTX) is a broadly used anticancer. Its major side effect is hepatotoxicity. Gossypin is a flavonoid has a hepatoprotective effect as well as antitumor property. The study aimed at inspecting the protective effect of gossypin against MTX hepatotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four adult male rats arranged into four groups (six rats each): control, gossypin control, MTX, and MTX+ gossypin. Animals were orally administered gossypin at 10 mg kg-1 day-1 for 7 days. MTX was injected i.p. (20 mg/kg-1 once) on 5th day. Liver enzyme and oxidative stress markers were assessed. BAX, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) gene expressions, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were assessed. The histopathological study as well as the immunohistochemical study for hepatic caspase 3 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκ-B) was done. RESULTS MTX produced a significant increase of liver enzymes and distortion of hepatic architecture alongside with increased the hepatic collagen content. MTX administration significantly increased the oxidative stress markers and upregulated the pro-apoptotic BAX and the pro-fibrogenic TGF-β. MTX increased caspase 3 and NFκ-B expression, while diminished the expression of P-gp. Gossypin pretreatment improved the previous parameters, restored the normal hepatic architecture, reduced the hepatic fibrosis, and regained nearly normal expressions for BAX, TGF-β, caspase 3, and NFκ-B. Gossypin caused more reduction in P-gp hepatic expression. CONCLUSIONS Gossypin may be a valuable adjuvant therapy that protects the liver against MTX toxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic mechanisms, and mediated P-gp expression reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Azza Kamal El Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt; Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmed SA, Parama D, Daimari E, Girisa S, Banik K, Harsha C, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Rationalizing the therapeutic potential of apigenin against cancer. Life Sci 2020; 267:118814. [PMID: 33333052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the remarkable advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer during the past couple of decades, it remains the second largest cause of mortality in the world, killing approximately 9.6 million people annually. The major challenges in the treatment of the advanced stage of this disease are the development of chemoresistance, severe adverse effects of the drugs, and high treatment cost. Therefore, the development of drugs that are safe, efficacious, and cost-effective remains a 'Holy Grail' in cancer research. However, the research over the past four decades shed light on the cancer-preventive and therapeutic potential of natural products and their underlying mechanism of action. Apigenin is one such compound, which is known to be safe and has significant potential in the prevention and therapy of this disease. AIM To assess the literature available on the potential of apigenin and its analogs in modulating the key molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of different types of cancer. METHOD A comprehensive literature search has been carried out on PubMed for obtaining information related to the sources and analogs, chemistry and biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, bioavailability and toxicity of apigenin. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and a few cohort studies that evidenced the effectiveness of apigenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, etc., which play a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. In addition, apigenin was also shown to inhibit chemoresistance and radioresistance and make cancer cells sensitive to these agents. Reports have further revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for improving its bioavailability. SIGNIFICANCE Hence, the present review recapitulates the properties of apigenin and its pharmacological activities against different types of cancer, which warrant further investigation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Enush Daimari
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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ÇINAR İ, YAYLA M, BİNNETOĞLU D. Gossypinin insan hepatom (Hep-3B) hücreleri üzerinde anti-proliferatif etkisi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.732912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Parama D, Boruah M, Yachna K, Rana V, Banik K, Harsha C, Thakur KK, Dutta U, Arya A, Mao X, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, and its analogs: Effective therapies against different chronic diseases. Life Sci 2020; 260:118182. [PMID: 32781063 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diseases are a major cause of mortality worldwide, and despite the recent development in treatment modalities, synthetic drugs have continued to show toxic side effects and development of chemoresistance, thereby limiting their application. The use of phytochemicals has gained attention as they show minimal side effects. Diosgenin is one such phytochemical which has gained importance for its efficacy against the life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, nervous system disorders, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, and many more. AIM To evaluate the literature available on the potential of diosgenin and its analogs in modulating different molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. METHOD A detailed literature search has been carried out on PubMed for gathering information related to the sources, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and toxicity of diosgenin and its analogs. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials that reported the efficacy of diosgenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK, etc., which play a crucial role in the development of most of the diseases. Reports have also revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for enhancing its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, the review summarizes the efficacy of diosgenin and its analogs for developing as a potent drug against several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Monikongkona Boruah
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Kumari Yachna
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Henamayee S, Banik K, Sailo BL, Shabnam B, Harsha C, Srilakshmi S, VGM N, Baek SH, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. Therapeutic Emergence of Rhein as a Potential Anticancer Drug: A Review of Its Molecular Targets and Anticancer Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102278. [PMID: 32408623 PMCID: PMC7288145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second-highest cause of mortality in the world, and it kills nearly 9.6 million people annually. Besides the fatality of the disease, poor prognosis, cost of conventional therapies, and associated side-effects add more burden to patients, post-diagnosis. Therefore, the search for alternatives for the treatment of cancer that are safe, multi-targeted, effective, and cost-effective has compelled us to go back to ancient systems of medicine. Natural herbs and plant formulations are laden with a variety of phytochemicals. One such compound is rhein, which is an anthraquinone derived from the roots of Rheum spp. and Polygonum multiflorum. In ethnomedicine, these plants are used for the treatment of inflammation, osteoarthritis, diabetes, and bacterial and helminthic infections. Increasing evidence suggests that this compound can suppress breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, etc. in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Recent studies have reported that this compound modulates different signaling cascades in cancer cells and can prevent angiogenesis and progression of different types of cancers. The present review highlights the cancer-preventing and therapeutic properties of rhein based on the available literature, which will help to extend further research to establish the chemoprotective and therapeutic roles of rhein compared to other conventional drugs. Future pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies could support this compound as an effective anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahu Henamayee
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Bethsebie Lalduhsaki Sailo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Bano Shabnam
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Satti Srilakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER, Guwahati), Assam 781125, India; (S.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Naidu VGM
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER, Guwahati), Assam 781125, India; (S.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea;
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.S.A.); or (A.B.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2316 (K.S.A.)
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.A.); or (A.B.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2316 (K.S.A.)
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Devi Khwairakpam A, Monisha J, Roy NK, Bordoloi D, Padmavathi G, Banik K, Khatoon E, Kunnumakkara AB. Vietnamese coriander inhibits cell proliferation, survival and migration via suppression of Akt/mTOR pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0162/jbcpp-2019-0162.xml. [PMID: 31747377 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background According to GLOBOCAN 2018, oral cancer was reported as the second highest cancer prevalent in India. Despite the several therapies available for oral cancer treatment, tumor recurrence and distant metastasis persist. This study investigates the anticancer potential of Persicaria odorata, commonly known as Vietnamese coriander, used widely in traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of inflammation, stomach ailments, tumors, etc. Methods The crude methanolic extract of P. odorata (MPo) was prepared. The anticancer properties of MPo on SAS cells and other human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line were evaluated using in vitro experimental conditions. The phytochemical constituents present in the MPo were also determined. Results Persicaria odorata possesses antiproliferative, antisurvival, antimetastatic activities, and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. It inhibited Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and also downregulated the expression of essential proteins that are involved in tumorigenesis such as cyclin D1, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), survivin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Moreover, the presence of flavonoids and quinones also revealed the anticancer activity of the plant. Conclusion Overall, our study concludes that P. odorata exhibits its anticancer properties through the downregulation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Devi Khwairakpam
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Javadi Monisha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Nand Kishor Roy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Ganesan Padmavathi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Elina Khatoon
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India, Phone: +91 361 258 2231 (Office), +91 789 600 5326 (Mobile), Fax:+91 361 258 2249 (Office)
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Cinar I, Sirin B, Aydin P, Toktay E, Cadirci E, Halici I, Halici Z. Ameliorative effect of gossypin against acute lung injury in experimental sepsis model of rats. Life Sci 2019; 221:327-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Girisa S, Shabnam B, Monisha J, Fan L, Halim CE, Arfuso F, Ahn KS, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Potential of Zerumbone as an Anti-Cancer Agent. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040734. [PMID: 30781671 PMCID: PMC6413012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still a major risk factor to public health globally, causing approximately 9.8 million deaths worldwide in 2018. Despite advances in conventional treatment modalities for cancer treatment, there are still few effective therapies available due to the lack of selectivity, adverse side effects, non-specific toxicities, and tumour recurrence. Therefore, there is an immediate need for essential alternative therapeutics, which can prove to be beneficial and safe against cancer. Various phytochemicals from natural sources have been found to exhibit beneficial medicinal properties against various human diseases. Zerumbone is one such compound isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith that possesses diverse pharmacological properties including those of antioxidant, antibacterial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, as well as anti-neoplastic. Zerumbone has shown its anti-cancer effects by causing significant suppression of proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis through the molecular modulation of different pathways such as NF-κB, Akt, and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 (interleukin-6/janus kinase-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and their downstream target proteins. The current review briefly summarizes the modes of action and therapeutic potential of zerumbone against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Bano Shabnam
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Javadi Monisha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Clarissa Esmeralda Halim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Abstract
Flavonoids are tricyclic polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in plants. Being nature’s antioxidants flavonoids have been shown to reduce the damages induced by oxidative stress in cells. Besides being an antioxidant, flavonols are demonstrated to have anti-infective properties, i.e., antiviral, antifungal, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumorigenic, and immunomodulatory bioproperties. Plants use them as one of their defense mechanisms against radiation-induced DNA damage and also for fungal infections. The use of flavonols for fabrication of new drugs has been underway with objectives to develop safer and effective therapeutic agents. This review covers 15 flavonols for their structure, biological properties, role in plant metabolisms, and current research focused on computational drug design using flavonols for searching drug leads.
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Wang L, Wang X, Chen H, Zu X, Ma F, Liu K, Bode AM, Dong Z, Kim DJ. Gossypin inhibits gastric cancer growth by direct targeting of AURKA and RSK2. Phytother Res 2018; 33:640-650. [PMID: 30536456 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gossypin is a flavone extracted from Hibiscus vitifolius, which has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. However, the anticancer properties of gossypin and its molecular mechanism of action against gastric cancer have not been fully investigated. In the present study, we report that gossypin is an Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and RSK2 inhibitor that suppresses gastric cancer growth. Gossypin attenuated anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent gastric cancer cell growth as well as cell migration. Based on the results of in vitro screening and cell-based assays, gossypin directly binds to and inhibits AURKA and RSK2 activities and their downstream signaling proteins. Gossypin decreased S phase and increased G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by reducing the expression of cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 and the phosphorylation of the CDC protein. Additionally, gossypin also induced intrinsic apoptosis by activating caspases and PARP and increasing the expression of cytochrome c. Our results demonstrate that gossypin is an AURKA and RSK2 inhibitor that could be useful for treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Xueyin Zu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fayang Ma
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Karelia D, Gilhooley PJ, Shakibaei M, Aggarwal BB. Dietary nutraceuticals as backbone for bone health. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1633-1648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Magnolol: A Neolignan from the Magnolia Family for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082362. [PMID: 30103472 PMCID: PMC6121321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed widespread research to challenge carcinogenesis; however, it remains one of the most important health concerns with the worst prognosis and diagnosis. Increasing lines of evidence clearly show that the rate of cancer incidence will increase in future and will create global havoc, designating it as an epidemic. Conventional chemotherapeutics and treatment with synthetic disciplines are often associated with adverse side effects and development of chemoresistance. Thus, discovering novel economic and patient friendly drugs that are safe and efficacious is warranted. Several natural compounds have proved their potential against this dreadful disease so far. Magnolol is a hydroxylated biphenyl isolated from the root and stem bark of Magnolia tree. Magnolol can efficiently prevent or inhibit the growth of various cancers originating from different organs such as brain, breast, cervical, colon, liver, lung, prostate, skin, etc. Considering these perspectives, the current review primarily focuses on the fascinating role of magnolol against various types of cancers, and the source and chemistry of magnolol and the molecular mechanism underlying the targets of magnolol are discussed. This review proposes magnolol as a suitable candidate that can be appropriately designed and established into a potent anti-cancer drug.
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Rajagopal C, Lankadasari MB, Aranjani JM, Harikumar KB. Targeting oncogenic transcription factors by polyphenols: A novel approach for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:273-291. [PMID: 29305909 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the major causative factor of cancer and chronic inflammation is involved in all the major steps of cancer initiation, progression metastasis and drug resistance. The molecular mechanism of inflammation driven cancer is the complex interplay between oncogenic and tumor suppressive transcription factors which include FOXM1, NF-kB, STAT3, Wnt/β- Catenin, HIF-1α, NRF2, androgen and estrogen receptors. Several products derived from natural sources modulate the expression and activity of multiple transcription factors in various tumor models as evident from studies conducted in cell lines, pre-clinical models and clinical samples. Further combination of these natural products along with currently approved cancer therapies added an additional advantage and they considered as promising targets for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. In this review we discuss the application of multi-targeting natural products by analyzing the literature and future directions for their plausible applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Rajagopal
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Manendra Babu Lankadasari
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Jesil Mathew Aranjani
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - K B Harikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
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38
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Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching extract induce apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2275. [PMID: 28536473 PMCID: PMC5442098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching (AMC), a unique and nutritious potherb widely distributed in china, has been extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies indicated that AMC extract exhibited antioxidant and antitumor properties. However, the chemical composition of AMC and molecular mechanism of AMC toxicity to HepG2 cells have not yet been elucidated. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the chemical compositions and the underlying mechanisms of the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of AMC on HepG2. HPLC-MS analysis showed that AMC contain five compounds with chlorogenic acid accounting for 43 percent. Also, AMC strongly inhibited the cell growth and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells by significantly upregulating the protein expressions of Fas, Fas-L, Bax/Bcl-2, cyto-c, cleaved caspase-3, and PARP in a dose-dependent manner, which indicates AMC induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Moreover, AMC provoked the production of ROS, H2O2, and NO, modulating the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NFκB and Nrf2 pathways and their downstream transcriptional cascades, ultimately evoked oxidative stress and apoptosis in HpeG2 cells. Further in vivo experiments demonstrated that AMC significantly suppressed the tumor growth, suggesting that AMC may be a novel promising agent for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Katary M, Salahuddin A. Ameliorative effect of gossypin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Life Sci 2017; 176:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tyagi AK, Prasad S, Majeed M, Aggarwal BB. Calebin A downregulates osteoclastogenesis through suppression of RANKL signalling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 593:80-9. [PMID: 26874195 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that is exacerbated by aging and age-associated chronic diseases such as cancer. Cancer-induced bone loss is usually treated with bisphosphonates or denosumab, an antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL). Because these drugs are expensive and have numerous side effects and high rates of toxicity, safer, more effective, and more affordable therapies for osteoporosis are still needed. We identified a compound, calebin A (CA), derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) that affects osteoclastogenesis through modulation of the RANKL signalling pathway. The CA's effect on NF-κB activation was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Using mouse macrophages in vitro model, we found that CA suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts, and downregulate RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis-related marker gene expression, including NFATc-1, TRAP, CTR, and cathepsin K. CA also suppressed the osteoclastogenesis induced by multiple myeloma and breast cancer cells. This effect of CA was correlated with suppression of the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of κB and, thus, inhibition of NF-κB activation. Furthermore, we found that an NF-κB-specific inhibitory peptide blocked RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, demonstrating that the NF-κB signalling pathway is mandatory for RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Our results conclusively indicate that CA downmodulates the osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL and by tumour cells through suppression of NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Tyagi
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Bhaskaran S, Dileep KV, Deepa SS, Sadasivan C, Klausner M, Krishnegowda NK, Tekmal RR, VandeBerg JL, Nair HB. Gossypin as a Novel Selective Dual Inhibitor of v-raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B1 and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 for Melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:361-72. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Reuter S, Gupta SC, Phromnoi K, Aggarwal BB. Thiocolchicoside suppresses osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL and cancer cells through inhibition of inflammatory pathways: a new use for an old drug. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2127-39. [PMID: 21955206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Most patients with cancer die not because of the tumour in the primary site, but because it has spread to other sites. Common tumours, such as breast, multiple myeloma, and prostate tumours, frequently metastasize to the bone. To search for an inhibitor of cancer-induced bone loss, we investigated the effect of thiocolchicoside, a semi-synthetic colchicoside derived from the plant Gloriosa superba and clinically used as a muscle relaxant, on osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and tumour cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells, a well-established system for osteoclastogenesis, and evaluated the effect of thiocolchicoside on RANKL-induced NF-κB signalling and osteoclastogenesis as well as on osteoclastogenesis induced by tumour cells. KEY RESULTS Thiocolchicoside suppressed osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL, and by breast cancer and multiple myeloma cells. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway was responsible for this effect since the colchicoside inhibited RANKL-induced NF-κB activation, activation of IκB kinase (IKK) and suppressed inhibitor of NF-κBα (IκBα) phosphorylation and degradation, an inhibitor of NF-κB. Furthermore, an inhibitor of the IκBα kinase γ or NF-κB essential modulator, the regulatory component of the IKK complex, demonstrated that the NF-κB signalling pathway is mandatory for osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Together, these data suggest that thiocolchicoside significantly suppressed osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL and tumour cells via the NF-κB signalling pathway. Thus, thiocolchicoside, a drug that has been used for almost half a century to treat muscle pain, may also be considered as a new treatment for bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Reuter
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Samuel AJSJ, Mohan S, Chellappan DK, Kalusalingam A, Ariamuthu S. Hibiscus vitifolius (Linn.) root extracts shows potent protective action against anti-tubercular drug induced hepatotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:396-402. [PMID: 22421378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots of Hibiscus vitifolius Linn. (Malvaceae) is used for the treatment of jaundice in the folklore system of medicine in India. This study is an attempt to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the roots of Hibiscus vitifolius against anti-tubercular drug induced hepatotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatotoxicity was induced in albino rats of either sex by oral administration of a combination of three anti-tubercular drugs. Petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of roots of Hibiscus vitifolius (400mg/kg/day) were evaluated for their possible hepatoprotective potential. RESULTS All the extracts were found to be safe up to a dose of 2000mg/kg. Among the four extracts studied, oral administration of methanol extract of Hibiscus vitifolius at 400mg/kg showed significant difference in all the parameters when compared to control. There was a significant (P<0.001) reduction in the levels of serum aspartate amino transaminase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total and direct bilirubin, where as an increase was found in the levels of total cholesterol, total protein and albumin. Liver homogenate studies showed a significant increase in the levels of total protein, phospholipids and glycogen, and a reduction in the levels of total lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol against control animals. In the tissue anti-oxidant studies, we found a significant increase in the levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase, whereas there was marked reduction in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, as compared to control. Histology of liver sections of the animals treated with the extracts showed significant reduction of necrosis and fatty formation when compared with control specimens. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the root extracts of Hibiscus vitifolius have potent hepatoprotective activity, thereby justifying its ethnopharmacological claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbu Jeba Sunilson John Samuel
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ International University College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Lot PT 17010, Persian Seriemas, Nilai, Malaysia.
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Venkatesan T, Sorimuthu Pillai S. Antidiabetic activity of gossypin, a pentahydroxyflavone glucoside, in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats. J Diabetes 2012; 4:41-6. [PMID: 21722326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2011.00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the currently available oral hypoglycemic drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus elicit detrimental side effects. Hence, the search for plant-derived products for the treatment of diabetes continues. Gossypin, a pentahydroxy flavone glucoside found in the flowers of Hibiscus vitifolius, has many biological properties, including as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of gossypin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental diabetes in rats. METHODS Diabetic rats were administered 20 mg/kg per day gossypin orally for 30 days. On the 28th day, rats were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, blood glucose, plasma insulin, hemoglobin, and HbA1c levels were determined, as was the glycogen content of the liver and muscles. Plasma protein and blood urea were also estimated. RESULTS Oral administration of gossypin to diabetic rats resulted in improved glucose tolerance. Increased blood glucose and HbA1c levels and the reduced plasma insulin and hemoglobin levels in diabetic rats were significantly reversed to near normal after oral administration of gossypin. Furthermore, the glycogen content of the liver and muscles was significantly improved after gossypin treatment of diabetic rats, and plasma protein and blood urea levels were almost normalized. The data obtained in gossypin-treated rats were comparable with those obtained following gliclazide treatment of rats, a standard reference drug for diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that gossypin has potent antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced experimental diabetes in rats.
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Xiong H, Chen ZF, Liang QC, Du W, Chen HM, Su WY, Chen GQ, Han ZG, Fang JY. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 13:3668-79. [PMID: 20196786 PMCID: PMC4516515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (MTIs) have recently emerged as promising chemotherapeutic or preventive agents for cancer, despite their poorly characterized mechanisms of action. The present study shows that DNA methylation is integral to the regulation of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP1) expression, but not for regulation of suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS)1 or SOCS3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. SHP1 expression correlates with down-regulation of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK2/STAT3/STAT5) signalling, which is mediated in part by tyrosine dephosphorylation events and modulation of the proteasome pathway. Up-regulation of SHP1 expression was achieved using a DNA MTI, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc), which also generated significant down-regulation of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling. We demonstrate that 5-aza-dc suppresses growth of CRC cells, and induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through regulation of downstream targets of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling including Bcl-2, p16(ink4a), p21(waf1/cip1) and p27(kip1). Although 5-aza-dc did not significantly inhibit cell invasion, 5-aza-dc did down-regulate expression of focal adhesion kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor in CRC cells. Our results demonstrate that 5-aza-dc can induce SHP1 expression and inhibit JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling. This study represents the first evidence towards establishing a mechanistic link between inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling and the anticancer action of 5-aza-dc in CRC cells that may lead to the use of MTIs as a therapeutic intervention for human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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46
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Capiralla H, Vingtdeux V, Zhao H, Sankowski R, Al-Abed Y, Davies P, Marambaud P. Resveratrol mitigates lipopolysaccharide- and Aβ-mediated microglial inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/STAT signaling cascade. J Neurochem 2011; 120:461-72. [PMID: 22118570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Activation of microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, around the amyloid plaques is a key hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidence in mouse models indicates that microglia are required for the neurodegenerative process of AD. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, the core components of the amyloid plaques, can trigger microglial activation by interacting with several Toll-like receptors (TLRs), including TLR4. In this study, we show that resveratrol, a natural polyphenol associated with anti-inflammatory effects and currently in clinical trials for AD, prevented the activation of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and microglial BV-2 cells treated with the TLR4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Resveratrol preferentially inhibited nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation upon LPS stimulation by interfering with IKK and IκB phosphorylation, an effect that potently reduced the transcriptional stimulation of several NF-κB target genes, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Consequently, downstream phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 upon LPS stimulation was also inhibited by resveratrol. We found that resveratrol acted upstream in the activation cascade by interfering with TLR4 oligomerization upon receptor stimulation. Resveratrol treatment also prevented the pro-inflammatory effect of fibrillar Aβ on macrophages by potently inhibiting the effect of Aβ on IκB phosphorylation, activation of STAT1 and STAT3, and on tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 secretion. Importantly, orally administered resveratrol in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid deposition lowered microglial activation associated with cortical amyloid plaque formation. Together this work provides strong evidence that resveratrol has in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects against Aβ-triggered microglial activation. Further studies in cell culture systems showed that resveratrol acted via a mechanism involving the TLR4/NF-κB/STAT signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemachander Capiralla
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
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Shi L, Chen J, Wang YY, Sun G, Liu JN, Zhang JX, Yan W, Qian CF, Liu N, Fu Z, You YP, Zeng Y. Gossypin induces G2/M arrest in human malignant glioma U251 cells by the activation of Chk1/Cdc25C pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:289-96. [PMID: 21984341 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gossypin is a flavone that was originally isolated from Hibiscus vitifolius and has traditionally been used for the treatment of diabetes, jaundice, and inflammation. Recently, gossypin was found to have potent anticancer properties; however, its effect on human gliomas still remain unknown. To investigate the potential anticancer effects of gossypin on malignant gliomas and analyze the associated molecular mechanisms, we treated human glioma U251 cells with gossypin. Our study showed that the treatment of U251 cells with gossypin inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and was observed to be minimally toxic to normal human astrocytes. Gossypin's effect on cell cycle distribution was observed, and we found that it induced G2/M-phase arrest in U251 cells. An analysis of cell-cycle regulatory proteins indicated that the arresting effect of gossypin on the cell cycle at G2/M phase was involved in the phosphorylation of cell division cycle 25C (Cdc25C) tyrosine phosphatase via the activation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1). These findings indicate that gossypin is a potential treatment of gliomas because of gossypin's potential to regulate the proliferation of U251 cells via the cell-cycle regulatory proteins Chk1 and Cdc25C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, People's Republic of China.
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48
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González R, Ballester I, López-Posadas R, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:331-62. [PMID: 21432698 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903584094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a family of polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in nature (vegetables) and are consumed as part of the human diet in significant amounts. There are other types of polyphenols, including, for example, tannins and resveratrol. Flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds have significant antiinflammatory activity, among others. This short review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds on inflammation, with a focus on structural requirements, the mechanisms involved, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Different molecular (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) and cellular targets (macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelium) have been identified. In addition, many flavonoids display significant antioxidant/radical scavenging properties. There is substantial structural variation in these compounds, which is bound to have an impact on their biological profile, and specifically on their effects on inflammatory conditions. However, in general terms there is substantial consistency in the effects of these compounds despite considerable structural variations. The mechanisms have been studied mainly in myeloid cells, where the predominant effect is an inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the downregulation of the expression of proinflammatory markers. At present there is a gap in knowledge of in vitro and in vivo effects, although the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids has advanced considerably in the last decade. Many flavonoids have been studied for their intestinal antiinflammatory activity which is only logical, since the gastrointestinal tract is naturally exposed to them. However, their potential therapeutic application in inflammation is not restricted to this organ and extends to other sites and conditions, including arthritis, asthma, encephalomyelitis, and atherosclerosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Campbell SE, Rudder B, Phillips RB, Whaley SG, Stimmel JB, Leesnitzer LM, Lightner J, Dessus-Babus S, Duffourc M, Stone WL, Menter DG, Newman RA, Yang P, Aggarwal BB, Krishnan K. γ-Tocotrienol induces growth arrest through a novel pathway with TGFβ2 in prostate cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1344-54. [PMID: 21335085 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regions along the Mediterranean and in southern Asia have lower prostate cancer incidence compared to the rest of the world. It has been hypothesized that one of the potential contributing factors for this low incidence includes a higher intake of tocotrienols. Here we examine the potential of γ-tocotrienol (GT3) to reduce prostate cancer proliferation and focus on elucidating pathways by which GT3 could exert a growth-inhibitory effect on prostate cancer cells. We find that the γ and δ isoforms of tocotrienol are more effective at inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) compared with the γ and δ forms of tocopherol. Knockout of PPAR-γ and GT3 treatment show inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth, through a partially PPAR-γ-dependent mechanism. GT3 treatment increases the levels of the 15-lipoxygenase-2 enzyme, which is responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to the PPAR-γ-activating ligand 15-S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. In addition, the latent precursor and the mature forms of TGFβ2 are down-regulated after treatment with GT3, with concomitant disruptions in TGFβ receptor I, SMAD-2, p38, and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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NF-kappaB and cancer: how intimate is this relationship. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 336:25-37. [PMID: 19823771 PMCID: PMC3148942 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
NF-kappaB, a transcription factor first discovered in 1986, is now known to be closely connected to the process of tumorogenesis based on a multiplicity of evidence. (1) NF-kappaB is activated in response to tobacco, stress, dietary agents, obesity, alcohol, infectious agents, irradiation, and environmental stimuli that account for as much as 95% of all cancers. (2) The transcription factor has been linked with transformation of cells. (3) It is constitutively active in most tumor cells. (4) It has also been linked with the survival of cancer stem cells, an early progenitor cell that has acquired self-renewal potential. (5) NF-kappaB regulates the expression of most anti-apoptotic gene products associated with the survival of the tumor. (6) It also regulates the gene products linked with proliferation of tumors. (7) The transcription factor controls the expression of gene products linked with invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer. (8) While most carcinogens activate NF-kappaB, most chemopreventive agents suppress its activation. These observations suggest that NF-kappaB is intimately intertwined with cancer growth and metastasis. The mechanism that leads to constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in hematological, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecological, thoracic head and neck, breast, and skin cancers, and the ways NF-kappaB is activated are the topics of discussion in this review.
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