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Bauvois B, Nguyen-Khac F, Merle-Béral H, Susin SA. CD38/NAD + glycohydrolase and associated antigens in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: From interconnected signalling pathways to therapeutic strategies. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00165-2. [PMID: 39009062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a heterogenous disease characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic CD5+/CD19+ B lymphocytes. The spreading of the leukaemia relies on the CLL cell's ability to survive in the blood and migrate to and proliferate within the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. Some patients with CLL are either refractory to the currently available therapies or relapse after treatment; this emphasizes the need for novel therapeutic strategies that improving clinical responses and overcome drug resistance. CD38 is a marker of a poor prognosis and governs a set of survival, proliferation and migration signals that contribute to the pathophysiology of CLL. The literature data evidence a spatiotemporal association between the cell surface expression of CD38 and that of other CLL antigens, such as the B-cell receptor (BCR), CD19, CD26, CD44, the integrin very late antigen 4 (VLA4), the chemokine receptor CXCR4, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGF-R2), and the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin receptor (NGAL-R). Most of these proteins contribute to CLL cell survival, proliferation and trafficking, and cooperate with CD38 in multilayered signal transduction processes. In general, these antigens have already been validated as therapeutic targets in cancer, and a broad repertoire of specific monoclonal antibodies and derivatives are available. Here, we review the state of the art in this field and examine the therapeutic opportunities for cotargeting CD38 and its partners in CLL, e.g. by designing novel bi-/trispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Florence Nguyen-Khac
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Hélène Merle-Béral
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Santos A Susin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006, Paris, France.
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Rong C, Liang C, Shen J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Yang F, Chen Y, Luo Y, Gu M, Gao P, Xia Y, Duan S. CLLU1 as an emerging biomarker in chronic lymphoid leukemia. Hum Cell 2024; 37:625-632. [PMID: 38507118 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
CLLU1, a disease-specific gene associated with chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), is located on chromosome 12q22. Previous studies considered CLLU1 to be a non-coding RNA; however, recent research has discovered that its coding sequence region possesses the potential to encode a short peptide similar to interleukin-4. Remarkably, abnormally elevated expression of CLLU1 has only been detected in chronic lymphoid leukemia among all hematological cancers. High CLLU1 expression often indicates more malignant pathological features and an unfavorable prognosis for patients. Importantly, the expression level of CLLU1 remains unaffected by the passage of time or therapeutic interventions, thus rendering it a novel prognostic marker. This article provides a comprehensive summary of relevant research findings on CLLU1 in the context of CLL prognosis and clinical applications, aiming to guide subsequent theoretical and clinical investigations in this field.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Genes, Neoplasm
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmeng Rong
- Department of Hematology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qurui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yalu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Luo
- Department of Hematology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meier Gu
- Department of Hematology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panpan Gao
- Department of Hematology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongming Xia
- Department of Hematology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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CD38: An important regulator of T cell function. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113395. [PMID: 35834988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is a multifunctional extracellular enzyme on the cell surface with NADase and cyclase activities. CD38 is not only expressed in human immune cells, such as lymphocytes and plasma cells, but also is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumor cells, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. T cells are one of the important immune cells in the body. As NAD consuming enzymes, CD38, ART2, SIRT1 and PARP1 are closely related to the number and function of T cells. CD38 may also influence the activity of ART2, SIRT1 and PARP1 through the CD38-NAD+ axis to indirectly affect the number and function of T cells. Thus, CD38-NAD+ axis has a profound effect on T cell activity. In this paper, we reviewed the role and mechanism of CD38+ CD4+ T cells / CD38+ CD8+ T cells in cellular immunity and the effects of the CD38-NAD+ axis on T cell activity. We also summarized the relationship between the CD38 expression level on T cell surface and disease prediction and prognosis, the effects of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies on T cell activity and function, and the role of anti-CD38 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in tumor immunity. This will provide an important theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between CD38 and T cells.
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Manukyan G, Mikulkova Z, Turcsanyi P, Savara J, Trajerová M, Kubova Z, Papajik T, Kriegova E. Towards a Better Characterisation of Leukemic Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia: Cell-Size Heterogeneity Reflects Their Activation Status and Migratory Abilities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194922. [PMID: 34638404 PMCID: PMC8508598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous chronic disease characterised by the clonal expansion of mature CD19+CD23+CD5+ B-cells in blood, bone marrow and lymphoid tissue. Despite the CLL tumour cell population showing considerable heterogeneity in cell size, the functional characteristics of leukemic cells that differ in size have not been explored. The results of our study demonstrate that differences in CLL cell size reflect their activation state, polarisation and migratory capacity, with large CLL cells being more activated, polarised and motile than the small CLL cells present in the CLL cell pool. Our data provide evidence of the importance of cell-size heterogeneity within the CLL cell pool and the dynamics of cell-size changes for disease pathogenesis. Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a genetically, morphologically and phenotypically heterogeneous chronic disease with clinical variability between patients. Whether the significant heterogeneity of cell size within the CLL population contributes to the heterogeneous features of this disease has not been investigated. The present study aimed to characterise the phenotypic and functional properties of two subpopulations of typical CLL cells that differ in cell size: small (s-CLL) and large (l-CLL) CLL cells delineated by forward scatter cytometry. The s-CLL cells were characterised by the CD5lowCXCR4hi phenotype, while the l-CLL cells were characterised by the CD5hiCXCR4dim phenotype and indicated a higher expression of CXCR3, CD20, CD38 and HLA-DR. The l-CLL cells displayed higher migration activity towards CXCL12, a tendency towards a higher proliferation rate and an increased capacity to produce IgM in the presence of CpG compared with s-CLL cells. When stimulated with CpG and CXCL12, l-CLL cells were characterised by a higher polarisation phenotype and motility than s-CLL cells. Our study revealed that the differences in CLL cell size reflected their activation status, polarisation and migratory abilities. Our data provide evidence of the importance of cell-size heterogeneity within a CLL pool and the dynamics of cell-size changes for disease pathogenesis, thus deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Manukyan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (G.M.); (Z.M.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Zuzana Mikulkova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (G.M.); (Z.M.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Peter Turcsanyi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (Z.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Jakub Savara
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (G.M.); (Z.M.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Trajerová
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (G.M.); (Z.M.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Zuzana Kubova
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (Z.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomas Papajik
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (Z.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (G.M.); (Z.M.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia can be divided into three categories: those who are minimally affected by the problem, often never requiring therapy; those that initially follow an indolent course but subsequently progress and require therapy; and those that from the point of diagnosis exhibit an aggressive disease necessitating treatment. Likewise, such patients pass through three phases: development of the disease, diagnosis, and need for therapy. Finally, the leukemic clones of all patients appear to require continuous input from the exterior, most often through membrane receptors, to allow them to survive and grow. This review is presented according to the temporal course that the disease follows, focusing on those external influences from the tissue microenvironment (TME) that support the time lines as well as those internal influences that are inherited or develop as genetic and epigenetic changes occurring over the time line. Regarding the former, special emphasis is placed on the input provided via the B-cell receptor for antigen and the C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor-4 and the therapeutic agents that block these inputs. Regarding the latter, prominence is laid upon inherited susceptibility genes and the genetic and epigenetic abnormalities that lead to the developmental and progression of the disease.
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MESH Headings
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Mutation
- PAX5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
| | - Shih-Shih Chen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
| | - Kanti R Rai
- The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York 11549, USA
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Mesaros O, Jimbu L, Neaga A, Popescu C, Berceanu I, Tomuleasa C, Fetica B, Zdrenghea M. Macrophage Polarization in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Nurse-Like Cells Are the Caretakers of Leukemic Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E516. [PMID: 33228048 PMCID: PMC7699370 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are terminally differentiated innate immune cells. Through their activation, they can be polarized towards the pro-inflammatory M1 type or the wound healing-associated, anti-inflammatory M2 type macrophages. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), M2 is the dominant phenotype and these cells are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs secrete cytokines and chemokines, exerting an antiapoptotic, proliferative and pro-metastatic effect on the tumor cells. TAMs can be found in many cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where they are called nurse-like cells (NLCs). Despite the generally indolent behavior of CLL, the proportion of treatment-refractory patients is significant. As with the majority of cancers, despite significant recent progress, CLL pathogenesis is poorly understood. The emerging role of the TME in nurturing the neoplastic process warrants the investigation of macrophages as a significant pathogenetic element of tumors. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the role of stromal macrophages in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Mesaros
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Laura Jimbu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Alexandra Neaga
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Cristian Popescu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, County Emergency Hospital Alba Iulia, 20 Decebal str., 510093 Alba-Iulia, Romania
| | - Iulia Berceanu
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Bogdan Fetica
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
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Jiao Y, Yi M, Xu L, Chu Q, Yan Y, Luo S, Wu K. CD38: targeted therapy in multiple myeloma and therapeutic potential for solid cancers. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1295-1308. [PMID: 32822558 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1814253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD38 is expressed by some cells of hematological malignancies and tumor-related immunosuppressive cells, including regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. CD38 is an effective target in some hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM). Daratumumab (Dara), a CD38-targeting antibody, can eliminate CD38high immune suppressor cells and is regarded as a standard therapy for MM because of its outstanding clinical efficacy. Other CD38 monospecific antibodies, such as isatuximab, MOR202, and TAK079, showed promising effects in clinical trials. AREA COVERED This review examines the expression, function, and targeting of CD38 in MM and its potential to deplete immunosuppressive cells in solid cancers. We summarize the distribution and biological function of CD38 and discuss the application of anti-CD38 drugs in hematological malignancies. We also analyz the role of CD38+ immune cells in the tumor microenvironment to encourage additional investigations that target CD38 in solid cancers. PubMed and ClinicalTrials were searched to identify relevant literature from the database inception to 30 April 2020. EXPERT OPINION There is convincing evidence that CD38-targeted immunotherapeutics reduce CD38+ immune suppressor cells. This result suggests that CD38 can be exploited to treat solid tumors by regulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Linping Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxiang Yan
- R & D Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd , Wuhan, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
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Davidov V, Jensen G, Mai S, Chen SH, Pan PY. Analyzing One Cell at a TIME: Analysis of Myeloid Cell Contributions in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1842. [PMID: 32983100 PMCID: PMC7492293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-mediated regulation of the host immune system involves an intricate signaling network that results in the tumor's inherent survival benefit. Myeloid cells are central in orchestrating the mechanisms by which tumors escape immune detection and continue their proliferative programming. Myeloid cell activation has historically been classified using a dichotomous system of classical (M1-like) and alternative (M2-like) states, defining general pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, respectively. Explosions in bioinformatics analyses have rapidly expanded the definitions of myeloid cell pro- and anti-inflammatory states with different combinations of tissue- and disease-specific phenotypic and functional markers. These new definitions have allowed researchers to target specific subsets of disease-propagating myeloid cells in order to modify or arrest the natural progression of the associated disease, especially in the context of tumor-immune interactions. Here, we discuss the myeloid cell contribution to solid tumor initiation and maintenance, and strategies to reprogram their phenotypic and functional fate, thereby disabling the network that benefits tumor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Davidov
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Garrett Jensen
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sunny Mai
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.,Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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9
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Dubois N, Crompot E, Meuleman N, Bron D, Lagneaux L, Stamatopoulos B. Importance of Crosstalk Between Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells and the Stromal Microenvironment: Direct Contact, Soluble Factors, and Extracellular Vesicles. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1422. [PMID: 32974152 PMCID: PMC7466743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is caused by the accumulation of malignant B cells due to a defect in apoptosis and the presence of small population of proliferating cells principally in the lymph nodes. The abnormal survival of CLL B cells is explained by a plethora of supportive stimuli produced by the surrounding cells of the microenvironment, including follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). This crosstalk between malignant cells and normal cells can take place directly by cell-to-cell contact (assisted by adhesion molecules such as VLA-4 or CD100), indirectly by soluble factors (chemokines such as CXCL12, CXCL13, or CCL2) interacting with their receptors or by the exchange of material (protein, microRNAs or long non-coding RNAs) via extracellular vesicles. These different communication methods lead to different activation pathways (including BCR and NFκB pathways), gene expression modifications (chemokines, antiapoptotic protein increase, prognostic biomarkers), chemotaxis, homing in lymphoid tissues and survival of leukemic cells. In addition, these interactions are bidirectional, and CLL cells can manipulate the normal surrounding stromal cells in different ways to establish a supportive microenvironment. Here, we review this complex crosstalk between CLL cells and stromal cells, focusing on the different types of interactions, activated pathways, treatment strategies to disrupt this bidirectional communication, and the prognostic impact of these induced modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emerence Crompot
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Pseudohyperkalemia in Serum and Plasma: The Phenomena and Its Clinical Implications. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 36:235-238. [PMID: 33867716 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperkalemia is a life threatening electrolyte derangement that must be recognized and treated quickly. Pseudohyperkalemia is defined as a difference between serum and plasma potassium concentration of more than 0.4 meq/L with serum values on the higher side when both the samples are obtained at the same time, remain at room temperature and are tested within 1 h of sample collection. Given the implication of basing medical decisions on falsely elevated potassium levels, timely identification of the entity of pseudohyperkalemia and differentiating it from true hyperkalemia becomes utmost important. Here we present a case report of a 36 year old female admitted with a provisional diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin with hepatosplenomegaly and anaemia under evaluation. During hospital stay her potassium levels in whole blood, serum and plasma reportedly differed significantly. An abnormal WBC count beyond assay range was reported and during subsequent investigations this lead to a peripheral smear being advised and diagnosis revealed chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia with blast crisis and 86% blast cells. In patients with leukocytosis and thrombocytosis, pseudohyperkalemia may exist in the absence of electrocardiogram changes or other clinical manifestations of true hyperkalemia thus leading to reevaluation of potassium values in serum, plasma and whole blood to arrive at the true picture.
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11
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Bagacean C, Tomuleasa C, Tempescul A, Grewal R, Brooks WH, Berthou C, Renaudineau Y. Apoptotic resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and therapeutic perspectives. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:321-332. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1600468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bagacean
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Tempescul
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Ravnit Grewal
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wesley H. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christian Berthou
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
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12
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Vosoughi T, Bagheri M, Hosseinzadeh M, Ehsanpour A, Davari N, Saki N. CD markers variations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: New insights into prognosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19420-19439. [PMID: 31049958 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most commonly occurring adult leukemias that is associated with clonal accumulation of mature apoptosis-resistant B-cells in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and specific tissues. Different pathogenesis factors can contribute to the aggression of the clinical course in this disease. Cytogenetic abnormalities and surface biomarkers of neoplastic CLL cells can be effective in the outcome of CLL, and the examination of changing CD markers expressions in the progression of CLL can be related to the prognosis of this disease. Changing expression levels of CD markers on lymphocytes and other cells in CLL patients can play a role in the aggressive clinical outcomes such as organomegaly, immunodeficiency, and advanced disease stages through their interaction with CLL microenvironment. Given the involvement of CD markers in the pathogenesis of CLL, it can be stated that recognizing the expression changes of CD markers in the cells involved in CLL can be a proper approach to evaluate prognosis among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vosoughi
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marziye Bagheri
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehran Hosseinzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Ehsanpour
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nader Davari
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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13
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Bu X, Kato J, Hong JA, Merino MJ, Schrump DS, Lund FE, Moss J. CD38 knockout suppresses tumorigenesis in mice and clonogenic growth of human lung cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:242-251. [PMID: 29228209 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectodomain of the plasma membrane ectoenzyme CD38 functions as both an NAD glycohydrolase and an ADP-ribosyl cyclase by catalyzing, respectively, the conversion of NAD to nicotinamide and ADP-ribose or cyclic ADP-ribose. CD38 is attracting particular attention in cancer therapy. An anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (daratumumab) was approved for treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. However, the role of CD38 in non-hematological malignancies has not been explored. Previously, we reported that ADP-ribose-acceptor hydrolase (ARH)-1 deficiency in mice was associated with tumor development. In the present study, we found that in wild-type and ARH1-deficient mice deletion of the CD38 gene reduced tumor formation. Significant reductions in tumor number were observed in lymphomas, adenocarcinomas and hemangio/histolytic sarcomas. Consistent with a role for CD38 in tumorigenesis, CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout of CD38 in A549 human adenocarcinoma cells inhibited anchorage-independent cell growth, cell invasion and xenograft growth in nude mice. CD38 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated in human lung cancer cell lines and in human lung cancer specimens. CD38 overexpression in tumor cells was identified in 11 of 27 patient samples. In addition, some human lung cancer cell lines had dramatically higher CD38 mRNA and protein expression than normal cells. Consistent with these observations, search of the Oncomine database showed that some human lung adenocarcinomas had higher CD38 mRNA levels compared to normal lung tissues. In total, our data are consistent with the conclusion that CD38 plays a role in murine and human lung tumorigenesis and that anti-CD38 treatment may have therapeutic potential in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Bu
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiro Kato
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Hong
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria J Merino
- Translational Surgical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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14
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Mele S, Devereux S, Pepper AG, Infante E, Ridley AJ. Calcium-RasGRP2-Rap1 signaling mediates CD38-induced migration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood Adv 2018; 2:1551-1561. [PMID: 29970392 PMCID: PMC6039665 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017014506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD38 is a transmembrane exoenzyme that is associated with poor prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). High CD38 levels in CLL cells are linked to increased cell migration, but the molecular basis is unknown. CD38 produces nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate and adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose, both of which can act to increase intracellular Ca2+ levels. Here we show that CD38 expression increases basal intracellular Ca2+ levels and stimulates CLL cell migration both with and without chemokine stimulation. We find that CD38 acts via intracellular Ca2+ to increase the activity of the Ras family GTPase Rap1, which is in turn regulated by the Ca2+-sensitive Rap1 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP2. Both Rap1 and RasGRP2 are required for CLL cell migration, and RasGRP2 is polarized in primary CLL cells with high CD38 levels. These results indicate that CD38 promotes RasGRP2/Rap1-mediated CLL cell adhesion and migration by increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mele
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Devereux
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea G Pepper
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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15
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Laufer JM, Lyck R, Legler DF. ZAP70 expression enhances chemokine-driven chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell migration and arrest by valency regulation of integrins. FASEB J 2018; 32:4824-4835. [PMID: 29589978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701452rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ζ-associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP70) is expressed in the aggressive form of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Moreover, the integrin very late antigen (VLA)-1 is highly expressed on subtypes of CLL that are associated with high proliferation rates in the lymph node context. We herein identify a critical role for ZAP70 in chemokine-mediated, inside-out signaling to integrins in trisomy 12 carrying Ohio State University-CLL cell lines derived from a patient with previously treated CLL. We found that ZAP70-positive CLL cells migrated significantly better toward ligands of the lymph node homing chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR4 compared with ZAP70-negative cells. In addition, ZAP70-expressing CLL cells adhered more efficiently to integrin ligands under static conditions. We discovered that ZAP70 expression controls chemokine-driven clustering of the integrins VLA-4 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. More precisely, chemokine stimulation resulted in a ZAP70-dependent integrin valency regulation on CLL cells, whereas high-affinity regulation of integrins was independent of ZAP70. Consequently, ZAP70-expressing CLL cells show increased chemokine-driven arrest on immobilized integrin ligands and on chemokine-presenting endothelial cells under physiologic flow conditions. Hence, we describe a novel mechanism showing how ZAP70 controls chemokine-driven valency regulation of integrins and arrest of CLL cells on endothelial cells, a process that might contribute to CLL disease progression.-Laufer, J. M., Lyck, R., Legler, D. F. ZAP70 expression enhances chemokine-driven chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell migration and arrest by valency regulation of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School of Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; and
| | - Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School of Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; and
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16
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Jakšić B, Pejša V, Ostojić-Kolonić S, Kardum-Skelin I, Bašić-Kinda S, Coha B, Gverić-Krečak V, Vrhovac R, Jakšić O, Aurer I, Sinčić-Petričević J, Načinović-Duletić A, Nemet D. Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Krohem B-Cll 2017. Acta Clin Croat 2018; 57:190-215. [PMID: 30256032 PMCID: PMC6400341 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.01.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) have led to change of approach in clinical practice. New treatments have been approved based on the results of randomized multicenter trials for first line and for salvage therapy, and the results of numerous ongoing clinical trials are permanently providing new answers and further refining of therapeutic strategies. This is paralleled by substantial increase in understanding the disease genetics due to major advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. We define current position of the Croatian Cooperative Group for Hematologic Disease on diagnosis and treatment of CLL in the transition from chemo-immunotherapy paradigm into a new one that is based on new diagnostic stratification and unprecedented therapeutic results of B-cell receptor inhibitors (BRI) and Bcl-2 antagonists. This is a rapidly evolving field as a great number of ongoing clinical trials con-stantly accumulate and provide new knowledge. We believe that novel therapy research including genomic diagnosis is likely to offer new options that will eventually lead to time limited therapies without chemotherapy and more effective clinical care for B-CLL based on individualized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branimir Jakšić
- Merkur University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatko Pejša
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ika Kardum-Skelin
- Merkur University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Bašić-Kinda
- Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božena Coha
- Zagreb University Hospital Center, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Radovan Vrhovac
- Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ozren Jakšić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Aurer
- Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Antica Načinović-Duletić
- Osijek University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Damir Nemet
- Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Ali AY, Wu X, Eissa N, Hou S, Ghia JE, Murooka TT, Banerji V, Johnston JB, Lin F, Gibson SB, Marshall AJ. Distinct roles for phosphoinositide 3-kinases γ and δ in malignant B cell migration. Leukemia 2018; 32:1958-1969. [PMID: 29479062 PMCID: PMC6127087 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The PI 3-kinases (PI3K) are essential mediators of chemokine receptor signaling necessary for migration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and their interaction with tissue-resident stromal cells. While the PI3Kδ-specific inhibitor idelalisib shows efficacy in treatment of CLL and other B cell malignancies, the function of PI3Kγ has not been extensively studied in B cells. Here, we assess whether PI3Kγ has non-redundant functions in CLL migration and adhesion to stromal cells. We observed that pharmaceutical PI3Kγ inhibition with CZC24832 significantly impaired CLL cell migration, while dual PI3Kδ/γ inhibitor duvelisib had a greater impact than single isoform-selective inhibitors. Knockdown of PI3Kγ reduced migration of CLL cells and cell lines. Expression of the PI3Kγ subunits increased in CLL cells in response to CD40L/IL-4, whereas BCR cross-linking had no effect. Overexpression of PI3Kγ subunits enhanced cell migration in response to SDF1α/CXCL12, with the strongest effect observed within ZAP70 + CLL samples. Microscopic tracking of cell migration within chemokine gradients revealed that PI3Kγ functions in gradient sensing and impacts cell morphology and F-actin polarization. PI3Kγ inhibition also reduced CLL adhesion to stromal cells to a similar extent as idelalisib. These findings provide the first evidence that PI3Kγ has unique functions in malignant B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y Ali
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Sen Hou
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrooke St., Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Versha Banerji
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - James B Johnston
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Allen Building, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada. .,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.
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18
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Albano F, Chiurazzi F, Mimmi S, Vecchio E, Pastore A, Cimmino C, Frieri C, Iaccino E, Pisano A, Golino G, Fiume G, Mallardo M, Scala G, Quinto I. The expression of inhibitor of bruton's tyrosine kinase gene is progressively up regulated in the clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia conferring resistance to apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:13. [PMID: 29317636 PMCID: PMC5849039 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common B-cell malignancy with a variable clinical outcome. Biomarkers of CLL progression are required for optimising prognosis and therapy. The Inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase—isoform α (IBTKα) gene encodes a substrate receptor of Cullin 3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase, and promotes cell survival in response to the reticulum stress. Searching for novel markers of CLL progression, we analysed the expression of IBTKα in the peripheral blood B-cells of CLL patients, before and after first line therapy causing remission. The expression of IBTKα was significantly increased in disease progression, and decreased in remission after chemotherapy. Consistently with a pro-survival action, RNA interference of IBTKα increased the spontaneous and Fludarabine-induced apoptosis of MEC-1 CLL cells, and impaired the cell cycle of DeFew B-lymphoma cells by promoting the arrest in G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. Consistently, RNA interference of IBTKα up regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, including TNF, CRADD, CASP7, BNIP3 and BIRC3. Our results indicate that IBTKα is a novel marker of CLL progression promoting cell growth and resistance to apoptosis. In this view, IBTKα may represent an attractive cancer drug target for counteracting the therapy-resistance of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Albano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federico Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arianna Pastore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Clementina Cimmino
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Camilla Frieri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaetanina Golino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scala
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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19
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Habashy DM, Eissa DS, Aboelez MM. Cryptochrome-1 Gene Expression is a Reliable Prognostic Indicator in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Prospective Cohort Study. Turk J Haematol 2017; 35:168-174. [PMID: 28884705 PMCID: PMC6110451 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2017.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Traditional prognostic factors have proved insufficient to account for heterogeneity in the clinical behavior of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Cryptochrome-1 (CRY-1) is a circadian clock gene essential in maintaining the circadian rhythm and regulating cell proliferation. We evaluated CRY-1 gene expression in CLL and addressed its putative role as a prognostic indicator for the clinical course of CLL. Materials and Methods A total of 100 CLL patients at diagnosis were studied for CRY-1 gene expression by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and were followed for assessment of time to first treatment (TFT). Results CRY-1 was expressed in 94% of the CLL patients at diagnosis. The median CRY-1 relative gene expression level (0.006) stratified patients into high and low expression groups. Forty of 100 (40%) CLL patients showed high CRY-1, 54/100 (54%) showed low CRY-1, and 6/100 (6%) had undetectable CRY-1 gene expression. High CRY-1 gene expression was concordant with CD38+, Zap-70+, and double CD38+Zap-70+ expression; unfavorable/intermediate cytogenetics; unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable-region gene; and diffuse marrow infiltration. The high CRY-1 gene expression patient group exhibited shorter TFT than the patients with low CRY-1 gene expression. A Cox proportional hazard regression model identified CRY-1 gene expression to be independently predictive for TFT. Conclusion CRY-1 is differentially expressed among CLL patients, stratifying them into low-risk and high-risk groups. CRY-1 gene expression could constitute a reliable prognostic indicator for CLL progression, complementing the role of standard well-established prognostic factors. CRY-1 gene expression could be employed as a prognostic indicator for disease progression during the initial prognostic work-up and follow-up for CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Mohamed Habashy
- Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Unit of Hematology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deena Samir Eissa
- Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Unit of Hematology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Mahmoud Aboelez
- Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Unit of Hematology, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Shukla A, Shukla V, Joshi SS. Regulation of MAPK signaling and implications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1565-1573. [PMID: 28882083 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1370548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous B cell malignancy that still remains incurable. Recent studies have highlighted cellular and non-cellular components of the tissue microenvironment in CLL that help nurture the growth of leukemic cells by providing the necessary stimuli for their proliferation and survival. The diverse stimuli in the specialized tissue microenvironment of CLL lead to constitutive activation of several signaling pathways that includes B cell receptor signaling and the associated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Recent findings have described aberrant activation of MAPK signaling and its interactions with other cellular signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of CLL. These studies have shed light on the deregulated molecular mechanisms contributing to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling and provided avenues for therapeutic options for aggressive CLL. In this review, we describe and discuss the current status of our understanding into the role of MAPK signaling in the pathogenesis of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Shukla
- a Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Vipul Shukla
- b La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Shantaram S Joshi
- c Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Nebraska Medical Centre , Omaha , NE , USA
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21
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Benkisser-Petersen M, Buchner M, Dörffel A, Dühren-von-Minden M, Claus R, Kläsener K, Leberecht K, Burger M, Dierks C, Jumaa H, Malavasi F, Reth M, Veelken H, Duyster J, Zirlik K. Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Is Involved in the CD38 Signal Transduction Pathway in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169159. [PMID: 28036404 PMCID: PMC5201248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival and proliferation of CLL cells depends on microenvironmental contacts in lymphoid organs. CD38 is a cell surface receptor that plays an important role in survival and proliferation signaling in CLL. In this study we demonstrate SYK's direct involvement in the CD38 signaling pathway in primary CLL samples. CD38 stimulation of CLL cells revealed SYK activation. SYK downstream target AKT was subsequently induced and MCL-1 expression was increased. Concomitant inhibition of SYK by the SYK inhibitor R406 resulted in reduced activation of AKT and prevented upregulation of MCL-1. Moreover, short-term CD38 stimulation enhanced BCR-signaling, as indicated by increased ERK phosphorylation. CXCL12-dependent migration was increased after CD38 stimulation. Treating CLL cells with R406 inhibited CD38-mediated migration. In addition, we observed marked downregulation of CD38 expression for CLL cells treated with R406 compared to vehicle control. Finally, we observed a clear correlation between CD38 expression on CLL cells and SYK-inhibitor efficacy. In conclusion, our study provides deeper mechanistic insight into the effect of SYK inhibition in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Benkisser-Petersen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Buchner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Arlette Dörffel
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Claus
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kläsener
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Leberecht
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meike Burger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dierks
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunogenetics and CeRMS, University of Torino, and Transplant Immunology, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael Reth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Veelken
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Zirlik
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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22
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Tees MT, Flinn IW. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma: two faces of the same disease. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 10:137-146. [PMID: 27936980 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1270203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are considered indolent lymphocytic malignancies, more often requiring active surveillance rather than intervention. Despite the indolent nature of CLL/SLL, treatment is likely indicated in a patients' lifetime. Recent changes in the therapeutic landscape have created more options to the clinician. Areas covered: The authors provide a broad assessment of the current state of disease, including the work-up, prognostic features, and mutational aspects of the disease that should be acknowledged when developing a rational treatment plan. Key studies, guideline recommendations, and expert analysis are used to create this update on CLL/SLL. Expert commentary: The recent pace of treatment additions in CLL/SLL is a welcome addition. Moving forward, it is anticipated that treatment modalities will continue to evolve, leading to additional management options that truly would define CLL/SLL as a chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Tees
- a Colorado Blood Cancer Institute , Denver , CO , USA.,c Sarah Cannon Blood Cancer Network , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Ian W Flinn
- b Tennesee Oncology , Nashville , TN , USA.,c Sarah Cannon Blood Cancer Network , Nashville , TN , USA
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23
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Adenosine signaling mediates hypoxic responses in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia microenvironment. Blood Adv 2016; 1:47-61. [PMID: 29296695 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) niche is a closed environment where leukemic cells derive growth and survival signals through their interaction with macrophages and T lymphocytes. Here, we show that the CLL lymph node niche is characterized by overexpression and activation of HIF-1α, which increases adenosine generation and signaling, affecting tumor and host cellular responses. Hypoxia in CLL lymphocytes modifies central metabolic pathways, protects against drug-driven apoptosis, and induces interleukin 10 (IL-10) production. In myeloid cells, it forces monocyte differentiation to macrophages expressing IRF4, IDO, CD163, and CD206, hallmarks of the M2 phenotype, which promotes tumor progression. It also induces IL-6 production and enhances nurturing properties. Low oxygen levels decrease T-cell proliferation, promote glycolysis, and cause the appearance of a population of PD-1+ and IL-10-secreting T cells. Blockade of the A2A adenosine receptor counteracts these effects on all cell populations, making leukemic cells more susceptible to pharmacological agents while restoring immune competence and T-cell proliferation. Together, these results indicate that adenosine signaling through the A2A receptor mediates part of the effects of hypoxia. They also suggest that therapeutic strategies to inhibit the adenosinergic axis may be useful adjuncts to chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of CLL patients.
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24
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Matas-Céspedes A, Vidal-Crespo A, Rodriguez V, Villamor N, Delgado J, Giné E, Roca-Ho H, Menéndez P, Campo E, López-Guillermo A, Colomer D, Roué G, Wiestner A, Parren PWHI, Doshi P, van Bueren JL, Pérez-Galán P. The Human CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Daratumumab Shows Antitumor Activity and Hampers Leukemia-Microenvironment Interactions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1493-1505. [PMID: 27637890 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To establish a proof-of-concept for the efficacy of the anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab in the poor prognosis CD38+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) subtype.Experimental Design: The mechanism of action of daratumumab was assessed in CLL primary cells and cell lines using peripheral blood mononuclear cells to analyze antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), murine and human macrophages to study antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP), or human serum to analyze complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The effect of daratumumab on CLL cell migration and adhesion to extracellular matrix was characterized. Daratumumab activity was validated in two in vivo models.Results: Daratumumab demonstrated efficient lysis of patient-derived CLL cells and cell lines by ADCC in vitro and ADCP both in vitro and in vivo whereas exhibited negligible CDC in these cells. To demonstrate the therapeutic effect of daratumumab in CLL, we generated a disseminated CLL mouse model with the CD38+ MEC2 cell line and CLL patient-derived xenografts (CLL-PDX). Daratumumab significantly prolonged overall survival of MEC2 mice, completely eliminated cells from the infiltrated organs, and significantly reduced disease burden in the spleen of CLL-PDX. The effect of daratumumab on patient-derived CLL cell dissemination was demonstrated in vitro by its effect on CXCL12-induced migration and in vivo by interfering with CLL cell homing to spleen in NSG mice. Daratumumab also reduced adhesion of CLL cells to VCAM-1, accompanied by downregulation of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP9.Conclusions: These unique and substantial effects of daratumumab on CLL viability and dissemination support the investigation of its use in a clinical setting of CLL. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1493-505. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/genetics
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytophagocytosis/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Mice
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Matas-Céspedes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vidal-Crespo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanina Rodriguez
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Villamor
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Delgado
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Giné
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heleia Roca-Ho
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estadis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elías Campo
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dolors Colomer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaël Roué
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul W H I Parren
- Genmab, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Patricia Pérez-Galán
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Alsagaby SA, Brennan P, Pepper C. Key Molecular Drivers of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 16:593-606. [PMID: 27601002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an adult neoplastic disease of B cells characterized by variable clinical outcomes. Although some patients have an aggressive form of the disease and often encounter treatment failure and short survival, others have more stable disease with long-term survival and little or no need for theraphy. In the past decade, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular drivers that affect the natural pathology of CLL. The present review describes what is known about these key molecules in the context of their role in tumor pathogenicity, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Zuli, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Brennan
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Pepper
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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26
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Plesingerova H, Librova Z, Plevova K, Libra A, Tichy B, Skuhrova Francova H, Vrbacky F, Smolej L, Mayer J, Bryja V, Doubek M, Pospisilova S. COBLL1, LPL and ZAP70 expression defines prognostic subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with high accuracy and correlates with IGHV mutational status. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:70-79. [PMID: 27185377 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1180690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is highly variable. Patients with unmutated IGHV (U-CLL) usually progress rapidly, whereas patients with mutated IGHV (M-CLL) have a more indolent disease. The expression of several genes correlates closely with the IGHV mutational status and could be used to assess prognosis in CLL. We analyzed the prognostic relevance of COBLL1, LPL, and ZAP70 gene expression, which correlated with IGHV mutational status (p < 0.0001), in 117 CLL patients and established a prognostic parameter dividing the tested cohort according to the disease aggressiveness. Our prognostic parameter was validated on an independent cohort of 161 CLL patients and achieved a high accuracy (94%). Patients divided according to the prognostic parameter differ in overall survival and time to first treatment (p < 0.0001, HR = 2.300/5.970, 95% CI: 1.587-3.450/4.621-15.86). Our approach provides a reliable alternative method to prognosis assessment via IGHV mutational status analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Plesingerova
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Librova
- c GENERI BIOTECH s.r.o , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevova
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Libra
- c GENERI BIOTECH s.r.o , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Boris Tichy
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Hana Skuhrova Francova
- b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Filip Vrbacky
- d 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove , University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Charles University , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Smolej
- d 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove , University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Charles University , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- e Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Brno , Czech Republic.,f Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- a Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Czech Republic
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27
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Choi MY, Kashyap MK, Kumar D. The chronic lymphocytic leukemia microenvironment: Beyond the B-cell receptor. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2016; 29:40-53. [PMID: 27742071 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant B cells accumulate in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In the tissue compartments, CLL shape a protective microenvironment by coopting normal elements. The efficacy of drugs that target these interactions further underscores their importance in the pathogenesis of CLL. While the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway clearly plays a central role in the CLL microenvironment, there is also rationale to evaluate agents that inhibit other aspects or modulate the immune cells in the microenvironment. Here we review the main cellular components, soluble factors, and signaling pathways of the CLL microenvironment, and highlight recent clinical advances. As the BCR pathway is reviewed elsewhere, we focus on other aspects of the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Choi
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD-Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, 92093-0820, CA, USA.
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD-Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, 92093-0820, CA, USA.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD-Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, 92093-0820, CA, USA.
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28
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Ten Hacken E, Burger JA. Microenvironment interactions and B-cell receptor signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Implications for disease pathogenesis and treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1863:401-413. [PMID: 26193078 PMCID: PMC4715999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy of mature B lymphocytes which are highly dependent on interactions with the tissue microenvironment for their survival and proliferation. Critical components of the microenvironment are monocyte-derived nurselike cells (NLCs), mesenchymal stromal cells, T cells and NK cells, which communicate with CLL cells through a complex network of adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members, and soluble factors. (Auto-) antigens and/or autonomous mechanisms activate the B-cell receptor (BCR) and its downstream signaling cascade in secondary lymphatic tissues, playing a central pathogenetic role in CLL. Novel small molecule inhibitors, including the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitor idelalisib, target BCR signaling and have become the most successful new therapeutics in this disease. We here review the cellular and molecular characteristics of CLL cells, and discuss the cellular components and key pathways involved in the cross-talk with their microenvironment. We also highlight the relevant novel treatment strategies, focusing on immunomodulatory agents and BCR signaling inhibitors and how these treatments disrupt CLL-microenvironment interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Tumor Microenvironment Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Metastasis, Inflammation, and Immune Surveillance edited by Peter Ruvolo and Gregg L. Semenza.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ten Hacken
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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29
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Bologna C, Buonincontri R, Serra S, Vaisitti T, Audrito V, Brusa D, Pagnani A, Coscia M, D'Arena G, Mereu E, Piva R, Furman RR, Rossi D, Gaidano G, Terhorst C, Deaglio S. SLAMF1 regulation of chemotaxis and autophagy determines CLL patient response. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:181-94. [PMID: 26619119 DOI: 10.1172/jci83013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a variable disease; therefore, markers to identify aggressive forms are essential for patient management. Here, we have shown that expression of the costimulatory molecule and microbial sensor SLAMF1 (also known as CD150) is lost in a subset of patients with an aggressive CLL that associates with a shorter time to first treatment and reduced overall survival. SLAMF1 silencing in CLL-like Mec-1 cells, which constitutively express SLAMF1, modulated pathways related to cell migration, cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular vesicle formation and recirculation. SLAMF1 deficiency associated with increased expression of CXCR4, CD38, and CD44, thereby positively affecting chemotactic responses to CXCL12. SLAMF1 ligation with an agonistic monoclonal antibody increased ROS accumulation and induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK1/2, and BCL2, thereby promoting the autophagic flux. Beclin1 dissociated from BCL2 in response to SLAMF1 ligation, resulting in formation of the autophagy macrocomplex, which contains SLAMF1, beclin1, and the enzyme VPS34. Accordingly, SLAMF1-silenced cells or SLAMF1(lo) primary CLL cells were resistant to autophagy-activating therapeutic agents, such as fludarabine and the BCL2 homology domain 3 mimetic ABT-737. Together, these results indicate that loss of SLAMF1 expression in CLL modulates genetic pathways that regulate chemotaxis and autophagy and that potentially affect drug responses, and suggest that these effects underlie unfavorable clinical outcome experienced by SLAMF1(lo) patients.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Autophagy
- Cell Movement
- Chemotaxis
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- MAP Kinase Kinase 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
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30
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Zucknick M, Saadati M, Benner A. Nonidentical twins: Comparison of frequentist and Bayesian lasso for Cox models. Biom J 2015; 57:959-81. [PMID: 26417963 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.201400160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One important task in translational cancer research is the search for new prognostic biomarkers to improve survival prognosis for patients. The use of high-throughput technologies allows simultaneous measurement of genome-wide gene expression or other genomic data for all patients in a clinical trial. Penalized likelihood methods such as lasso regression can be applied to such high-dimensional data, where the number of (genomic) covariables is usually much larger than the sample size. There is a connection between the lasso and the Bayesian regression model with independent Laplace priors on the regression parameters, and understanding this connection has been useful for understanding the properties of lasso estimates in linear models (e.g. Park and Casella, 2008). In this paper, we study the lasso in the frequentist and Bayesian frameworks in the context of Cox models. For the Bayesian lasso we extend the approach by Lee et al. (2011). In particular, we impose the lasso penalty only on the genome features, but not on relevant clinical covariates, to allow the mandatory inclusion of important established factors. We investigate the models in high- and low-dimensional simulation settings and in an application to chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zucknick
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1122 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maral Saadati
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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31
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Wong SW, Comenzo RL. CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Multiple Myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 15:635-45. [PMID: 26443328 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.07.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide historical, recent preclinical, and current clinical summaries of efforts to understand the CD38 molecule and to develop monoclonal antibodies that target it. We focus particularly on efforts involving multiple myeloma, a malignancy of terminally differentiated B cells that remains incurable despite many advances. An era of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy for myeloma is approaching, one that, we hope, will enable patients to live longer and better lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy W Wong
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Raymond L Comenzo
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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32
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Ibrahem L, Elderiny WE, Elhelw L, Ismail M. CD49d and CD26 are independent prognostic markers for disease progression in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:154-60. [PMID: 26142332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CLL is characterized by extremely variable clinical course. Several prognostic factors can predict disease progression and therapeutic outcomes in those patients. The aim was to evaluate the use of CD49d and CD26 as independent prognostic markers in CLL patients. The present study measured surface expression of CD49d and CD26 by three-color flow cytometry in a series of 103 untreated CLL patients. We evaluated the prognostic role of CD49d and CD26 to predict the risk of lymphocyte doubling, disease progression and overall survival. We confirmed that CD49d and CD26 were significant predictors of lymphocyte doubling(P<0.001 for both markers) and disease progression (P<0.001 for both markers) but insignificant for overall survival(P=0.303 and 0.519 respectively. Multivariate analysis between clinical parameters and flow cytometry markers revealed that CD49d and CD26 are independent prognostic markers for lymphocyte doubling (HR=1.487 P=007 and HR=2.248, P=0.014 respectively) and progression to a more advanced stage (HR=3.191, P=0.049 and HR=7.887, P=0.003). Also, concordant expression of both markers was found to improve their predictive power. Many studies reported that CD49d and CD26 combined analysis was found to improve their power to predict the risk of lymphocyte doubling and disease progression. CD49d and CD26 have independent prognostic value and we suggest its use as a part of routine panel for prognostic stratification of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Ibrahem
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Wesam E Elderiny
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Loie Elhelw
- Oncology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ismail
- Hematology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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33
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Zheng D, Liao S, Zhu G, Luo G, Xiao S, He J, Pei Z, Li G, Zhou Y. CD38 is a putative functional marker for side population cells in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:300-11. [PMID: 25630761 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for cancer progression and therapeutic resistance but identification of this subpopulation requires selective markers. Fortunately, side population (SP) cells analysis brings a novel method to CSCs study. In this study, we identified SP cells, which are demonstrated rich in CSCs, in four nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines. We investigated SP cells from HK-1 NPC cell line and showed CSCs characteristics in this subpopulation. SP cells displayed greater proliferation and invasion and expressed high levels of CSCs markers than NSP cells. Furthermore, our microRNA microarray analysis of SP versus NSP cells revealed that CD38-related miRNAs were down-regulated in SP cell, but the mRNA and protein level of CD38 were highly expressed in SP cells. We further searched for molecules interacting with CD38 and identified ZAP70, which was also well expressed in SP cells at both mRNA and protein levels. Our results uncover a CD38 pathway that may regulate the proliferation and migration of SP cells from HK-1 NPC cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Zheng
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shan Liao
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guangchao Zhu
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Gengqiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Junyu He
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Pei
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Human Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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Prognosis and therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma. Cancer Treat Res 2015; 165:147-75. [PMID: 25655609 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13150-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a highly variable clinical course that has guided treatment principles in as much as anti-leukemic therapy is reserved for patients with active disease. This heterogeneity is somewhat dissected by prognostic markers, many of which represent pathogenic mechanisms. Recently, the introduction of highly active targeted agents and maturing data on predictive markers may lead to more individualized therapeutic approaches. In this chapter, we review key prognostic markers, current and emerging therapy, and will attempt to outline a future "where the two may connect".
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ten Hacken E, Burger JA. Microenvironment dependency in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: The basis for new targeted therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:338-48. [PMID: 25050922 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a prototype microenvironment-dependent B-cell malignancy, in which the neoplastic B cells co-evolve together with a supportive tissue microenvironment, which promotes leukemia cell survival, growth, and drug-resistance. Chemo-immunotherapy is an established treatment modality for CLL patients, resulting in high rates of responses and improved survival, especially in low-risk CLL. New, alternative treatments target B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and the Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Receptor 4 (CXCR4)-Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Ligand 12 (CXCL12) axis, which are key pathways of CLL-microenvironment cross talk. The remarkable clinical efficacy of inhibitors targeting the BCR-associated kinases Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) challenges established therapeutic paradigms and corroborates the central role of BCR signaling in CLL pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular components of the CLL microenvironment. We also describe the emerging therapeutic options for CLL patients, with a focus on inhibitors of CXCR4-CXCL12 and BCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa ten Hacken
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Abstract
Mouse models that recapitulate human malignancy are valuable tools for the elucidation of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and for preclinical studies. Several genetically engineered mouse models have been generated, either mimicking genetic aberrations or deregulated gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The usefulness of such models in the study of the human disease may potentially be hampered by species-specific biological differences in the target cell of the oncogenic transformation. Specifically, do the genetic lesions or the deregulated expression of leukemia-associated genes faithfully recapitulate the spectrum of lymphoproliferations in humans? Do the CLL-like lymphoproliferations in the mouse have the phenotypic, histological, genetic, and clinical features of the human disease? Here we compare the various CLL mouse models with regard to disease phenotype, penetrance, and severity. We discuss similarities and differences of the murine lymphoproliferations compared with human CLL. We propose that the Eμ-TCL1 transgenic and 13q14-deletion models that have been comprehensively studied at the levels of leukemia phenotype, antigen-receptor repertoire, and disease course show close resemblance to the human disease. We conclude that modeling CLL-associated genetic dysregulations in mice can provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and generate valuable tools for the development of novel therapies.
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The enzymatic activities of CD38 enhance CLL growth and trafficking: implications for therapeutic targeting. Leukemia 2014; 29:356-68. [PMID: 24990614 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ecto-enzyme CD38 is gaining momentum as a novel therapeutic target for patients with hematological malignancies, with several anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies in clinical trials with promising results. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) CD38 is a marker of unfavorable prognosis and a central factor in the pathogenetic network underlying the disease: activation of CD38 regulates genetic pathways involved in proliferation and movement. Here we show that CD38 is enzymatically active in primary CLL cells and that its forced expression increases disease aggressiveness in a xenograft model. The effect is completely lost when using an enzyme-deficient version of CD38 with a single amino-acid mutation. Through the enzymatic conversion of NAD into ADPR (ADP-ribose) and cADPR (cyclic ADP-ribose), CD38 increases cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentrations, positively influencing proliferation and signaling mediated via chemokine receptors or integrins. Consistently, inhibition of the enzymatic activities of CD38 using the flavonoid kuromanin blocks CLL chemotaxis, adhesion and in vivo homing. In a short-term xenograft model using primary cells, kuromanin treatment traps CLL cells in the blood, thereby increasing responses to chemotherapy. These results suggest that monoclonal antibodies that block the enzymatic activities of CD38 or enzyme inhibitors may prove therapeutically useful.
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38
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D'Arena G, Calapai G, Deaglio S. Anti-CD44 mAb for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other hematological malignancies: evaluation of WO2013063498. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:821-8. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.915942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Klasen C, Ohl K, Sternkopf M, Shachar I, Schmitz C, Heussen N, Hobeika E, Levit-Zerdoun E, Tenbrock K, Reth M, Bernhagen J, El Bounkari O. MIF promotes B cell chemotaxis through the receptors CXCR4 and CD74 and ZAP-70 signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5273-84. [PMID: 24760155 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine with chemokine-like functions that plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases by promoting leukocyte recruitment. We showed that MIF promotes the atherogenic recruitment of monocytes and T cells through its receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4. Effects of MIF on B cell recruitment have not been addressed. In this study, we tested the involvement of MIF in B cell chemotaxis and studied the underlying mechanism. We show that MIF promotes primary murine B cell chemotaxis in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to the B cell chemokines CXCL13 and CXCL12. Splenic B cells express CXCR4 and the receptor CD74 but not CXCR2. Inhibition of CXCR4 or CD74 or a genetic deficiency of Cd74 in primary B cells fully abrogated MIF-mediated B cell migration, implying cooperative involvement of both receptors. MIF stimulation of B cells resulted in a rapid increase in intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and F-actin polymerization. Intriguingly, the tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 was activated upon MIF and CXCL12 treatment in a CXCR4- and CD74-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of ZAP-70 resulted in abrogation of primary B cell migration. Functional involvement of ZAP-70 was confirmed by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown in Ramos B cell migration. Finally, primary B cells from ZAP-70 gene-deficient mice exhibited ablated transmigration in response to MIF or CXCL12. We conclude that MIF promotes the migration of B cells through a ZAP-70-dependent pathway mediated by cooperative engagement of CXCR4 and CD74. The data also suggest that MIF may contribute to B cell recruitment in vivo (e.g., in B cell-related immune disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Klasen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marieke Sternkopf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Heussen
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elias Hobeika
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; and Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ella Levit-Zerdoun
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; and Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Reth
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; and Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
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Feng G, Wang X. Role of spleen tyrosine kinase in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2699-705. [PMID: 24547708 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.891026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The antigen-dependent B-cell receptor (BCR) is triggered by binding to external antigens and transmits signals in normal B lymphocytes. Tonic signaling through the BCR plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a key component of both BCR signals, and regulates multiple physiological functions of B lymphocytes. Studies have defined enhanced gene expression and protein expression of Syk in CLL cells which are closely related to the status of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes (IgVH). Recently, abrogating the BCR-induced signaling pathway by Syk inhibitors has represented a novel and active therapeutic approach for CLL. Studies of the correlation between Syk and ZAP-70 expression in CLL cells have brought a new perspective to determining the value of Syk in evaluating the effect of therapy and the prognosis of CLL. Therefore, we here review the role of Syk in the pathogenesis of CLL and provide an update of progress in the clinical development of Syk inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Feng
- Department of Hematology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong , P. R. China
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41
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Development and characterization of a physiologically relevant model of lymphocyte migration in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2014; 123:3607-17. [PMID: 24637360 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-12-544569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that lymphocyte trafficking contributes to the clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but to date, only static in vitro cultures have been used to study these phenomena. To address this lack of data, we have developed a dynamic in vitro model in which CLL cells experience shear forces equivalent to those in capillary beds and are made to flow through capillary-like hollow fibers lined with endothelial cells. CLL cells treated in this way increased their expression of CD62L and CXCR4 (both P < .0001) and of CD49d and CD5 (both P = .003) directly as a result of the shear force. Furthermore, CLL cells migrated through the endothelium into the "extravascular" space (mean migration, 1.37% ± 2.14%; n = 21). Migrated CLL cells had significantly higher expression of CD49d (P = .02), matrix metallopeptidase-9 (P = .004), CD38 (P = .009), CD80 (P = .04), and CD69 (P = .04) compared with CLL cells that remained in the circulation. The degree of migration observed strongly correlated with CD49d expression (r(2), 0.47; P = .01), and treatment with the CD49d-blocking antibody natalizumab resulted in significantly decreased migration (P = .01). Taken together, our data provide evidence for a novel, dynamic, and tractable in vitro model of lymphocyte migration and confirm that CD49d is a critical regulator of this process in CLL.
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Brachtl G, Piñón Hofbauer J, Greil R, Hartmann TN. The pathogenic relevance of the prognostic markers CD38 and CD49d in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:361-74. [PMID: 24288111 PMCID: PMC4032465 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with the microenvironment in secondary lymphoid tissues and the bone marrow are known to promote CLL cell survival and proliferation. CD38 and CD49d are both independent prognostic risk parameters in CLL with important roles in shaping these interactions. Both are reported to influence CLL cell trafficking between blood and lymphoid organs as well as their survival and proliferation within the lymphoid organs, thereby impacting the pathophysiology of the disease. The expression of CD38 and CD49d is associated in the majority of cases, and they exist as part of macromolecular complexes. Here, we review the current evidence for the individual and associated contributions of these molecules to CLL pathophysiology.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/blood
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Humans
- Integrin alpha4/blood
- Integrin alpha4/metabolism
- Integrin alpha4beta1/blood
- Integrin alpha4beta1/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/physiopathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/blood
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Brachtl
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Third Medical Department with Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Haupstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Burger JA, Gribben JG. The microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other B cell malignancies: insight into disease biology and new targeted therapies. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 24:71-81. [PMID: 24018164 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the active role of the microenvironment in the pathogenesis of B cell lymphomas has been recognized, delivering signals that favor clonal expansion and drug resistance. We are only beginning to understand the complex cross talk between neoplastic B cells and the tissue microenvironment, for example in secondary lymphoid organs, but some key cellular and molecular players have emerged. Mesenchymal stromal cells, nurselike cells (NLC) and lymphoma-associated macrophages (LAM), in concert with T cells, natural killer cells and extracellular matrix components participate in the dialog with the neoplastic B cells. B cell receptor signaling, activation via TNF family members (i.e. BAFF, APRIL), and tissue homing chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules are important in the interaction between malignant B cells and their microenvironment. Disrupting this cross talk is an attractive novel strategy for treating patients with B cell malignancies. Here, we summarize the cellular and molecular interactions between B cell lymphoma/leukemia cells and their microenvironment, and the therapeutic targets that are emerging, focusing on small molecule inhibitors that are targeting B cell receptor-associated kinases SYK, BTK, and PI3Ks, as well as on immunomodulatory agents and T cell mediated therapies. Clinically relevant aspects of new targeted therapeutics will be discussed, along with an outlook into future therapeutic strategies.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - John G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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ten Hacken E, Burger JA. Molecular pathways: targeting the microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia--focus on the B-cell receptor. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:548-56. [PMID: 24323900 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between malignant B lymphocytes and the tissue microenvironment play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other B-cell malignancies. The coexistence and coevolution of CLL cells with their tissue neighbors provided the basis for discovery of critical cellular and molecular drivers of the disease and identification of new therapeutic targets. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), monocyte-derived nurselike cells (NLC), and T cells are key players in the CLL microenvironment, which activate and protect CLL cells within the tissues. CLL surface molecules, such as the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), chemokine receptors, adhesion molecules, and TNF receptor superfamily members (e.g., CD40, BCMA, and BAFF-R) engage in cross-talk with respective tissue ligands. This cross-talk results in survival and expansion of the CLL clone, and protects CLL cells from conventional cytotoxic drugs. Inhibiting these pathways represents an alternative therapeutic strategy to more conventional chemoimmunotherapy. Here, we review central components of the CLL microenvironment, with a particular emphasis on BCR signaling, and we summarize the most relevant clinical advances with inhibitors that target the BCR-associated spleen tyrosine kinase/SYK (fostamatinib), Bruton's tyrosine kinase/BTK (ibrutinib), and PI3Kδ (idelalisib).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa ten Hacken
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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46
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Calpe E, Purroy N, Carpio C, Abrisqueta P, Carabia J, Palacio C, Castellví J, Crespo M, Bosch F. ZAP-70 promotes the infiltration of malignant B-lymphocytes into the bone marrow by enhancing signaling and migration after CXCR4 stimulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81221. [PMID: 24312539 PMCID: PMC3849145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ZAP-70 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with enhanced response to microenvironmental stimuli. We analyzed the functional consequences of ZAP-70 ectopic expression in malignant B-cells in a xenograft mouse model of disseminated B-cell leukemia. Mice injected with B-cells expressing ZAP-70 showed a prominently higher infiltration of the bone marrow. In vitro analysis of the response of malignant B-cells to CXCL12, the main attracting chemokine regulating trafficking of lymphocytes to the bone marrow, or to bone marrow stromal cells, revealed that ZAP-70 induces an increased response in terms of signaling and migration. These effects are probably mediated by direct participation of ZAP-70 in CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling since CXCR4 stimulation led to activation of ZAP-70 and downstream signaling pathways, such as MAPK and Akt, whereas ZAP-70 did not alter the expression of the CXCR4 receptor. In addition, subclones of primary CLL cells with high expression of ZAP-70 also showed increased migrative capacity toward CXCL12. Neutralization of CXCR4 with a monoclonal antibody resulted in impaired in vitro responses to CXCL12 and bone marrow stromal cells. We conclude that ZAP-70 enhances the migration of malignant B-cells into the supportive microenvironment found in the bone marrow mainly by enhancing signaling and migration after CXCR4 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Calpe
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Purroy
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Carpio
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Abrisqueta
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Carabia
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Palacio
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Castellví
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Bosch
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Arruga F, Gizdic B, Serra S, Vaisitti T, Ciardullo C, Coscia M, Laurenti L, D'Arena G, Jaksic O, Inghirami G, Rossi D, Gaidano G, Deaglio S. Functional impact of NOTCH1 mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2013; 28:1060-70. [PMID: 24170027 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the expression and function of NOTCH1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients harboring a wild-type (WT) or mutated NOTCH1 gene. NOTCH1 mRNA and surface protein expression levels were independent of the NOTCH1 gene mutational status, consistent with the requirement for NOTCH1 signaling in this leukemia. However, compared with NOTCH1-WT CLL, mutated cases displayed biochemical and transcriptional evidence of an intense activation of the NOTCH1 pathway. In vivo, expression and activation of NOTCH1 was highest in CLL cells from the lymph nodes as confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, the NOTCH1 pathway was rapidly downregulated, suggesting that signaling relies upon micro-environmental interactions even in NOTCH1-mutated cases. Accordingly, co-culture of Jagged1(+) (the NOTCH1 ligand) nurse-like cells with autologous CLL cells sustained NOTCH1 activity over time and mediated CLL survival and resistance against pro-apoptotic stimuli, both abrogated when NOTCH1 signaling was pharmacologically switched off. Together, these results show that NOTCH1 mutations have stabilizing effects on the NOTCH1 pathway in CLL. Furthermore, micro-environmental interactions appear critical in activating the NOTCH1 pathway both in WT and mutated patients. Finally, NOTCH1 signals may create conditions that favor drug resistance, thus making NOTCH1 a potential molecular target in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, School of Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - B Gizdic
- 1] Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] Department of Hematology, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Serra
- 1] Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - T Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, School of Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - C Ciardullo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - M Coscia
- Division of Hematology, Laboratory of Hematology Oncology, Center of Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Cittá della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - L Laurenti
- Institute of Hematology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - G D'Arena
- Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - O Jaksic
- Department of Hematology, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G Inghirami
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center of Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - D Rossi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - G Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - S Deaglio
- 1] Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
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48
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Pede V, Rombout A, Vermeire J, Naessens E, Vanderstraeten H, Philippé J, Verhasselt B. Expression of ZAP70 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia activates NF-κB signalling. Br J Haematol 2013; 163:621-30. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Pede
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Ans Rombout
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Jolien Vermeire
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Evelien Naessens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Hanne Vanderstraeten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Herishanu Y, Katz BZ, Lipsky A, Wiestner A. Biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in different microenvironments: clinical and therapeutic implications. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:173-206. [PMID: 23561469 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of mature monoclonal B cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. The trafficking, survival, and proliferation of CLL cells is tightly regulated by the surrounding tissue microenvironment and is mediated by antigenic stimulation, close interaction with various accessory cells and exposure to different cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components. In the last decade there have been major advances in the understanding of the reciprocal interactions between CLL cells and the various microenvironmental compartments. This article discusses the role of the microenvironment in the context of efforts to develop novel therapeutics that target the biology of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Herishanu
- Hematology Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
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50
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Cuthill K, Devereux S. How I treat patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2013; 163:423-35. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Cuthill
- Department of Haematological Medicine; Kings College; London UK
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