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Feng X, Zhang T, Chou J, Patwa HS, Sullivan CA, Browne JD. Y-Chromosome-Linked Genes Are Associated With Sex-Related Head-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Survival. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:1533-1541. [PMID: 37418217 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define novel gene biomarkers for prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients' survival. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC RNA-Seq dataset. METHODS Coexpressed gene clusters were extracted from TCGA RNA-seq data using our previously published method (EPIG). Kaplan-Meier estimator was then used for overall survival-relevant analysis, with patients partitioned into 3 groups based on gene expression levels: female, male_low, and male_high. RESULTS Male had better overall survival than female and male with higher expression level of Y-chromosome-linked (Y-linked) genes had significantly better survival than those with lower expression levels. In addition, male with a higher expression level of Y-linked genes showed even better survival when they have a higher level of coexpressed cluster of genes related to B or T cell immune response. Other clinical conditions related to immune responses also consistently showed favorable effects on the Y-linked genes for survival estimation. Male patients with higher expression level of Y-linked genes also have significantly higher tumor/normal tissue (T/N) ratio of those genes and higher level of several immune responses related clinical measurements (eg, lymphocyte and TCR related). Male patients with lower expression level of Y-linked genes benefited from radiation-only treatment. CONCLUSIONS The favorable role of a cluster of coexpressed Y-linked genes in HNSCC patients' survival is potentially associated with elevated level of immune responses. These Y-linked genes could serve as useful prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC patients' survival estimation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tan Zhang
- Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeff Chou
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hafiz S Patwa
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher A Sullivan
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Dale Browne
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Tamaki M, Akahoshi Y, Okada Y, Uchida N, Tanaka M, Doki N, Sawa M, Maruyama Y, Ueda Y, Miyakoshi S, Katayama Y, Kawakita T, Kimura T, Onizuka M, Fukuda T, Atsuta Y, Yanagisawa R, Yakushijin K, Kanda J, Nakasone H. Unrelated female-to-male bone marrow transplantation would be preferred over cord blood transplantation in male patients. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1220-1228. [PMID: 37341665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from female donors to male recipients (female-to-male allo-HCT) is a well-established risk factor for a greater incidence of non-relapse mortality (NRM) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In contrast, unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is associated with a lower incidence of chronic GVHD. In this study, survival outcomes were compared between the UCBT and unrelated female-to-male bone marrow transplantation (UFMBMT) groups. METHODS We evaluated male allo-HCT recipients who underwent UCBT or UFMBMT between 2012 and 2020 in Japan. There were 2517 cases in the UCBT group, 456 cases in the HLA-matched UFMBMT group and 457 cases in the HLA-mismatched UFMBMT group. RESULTS HLA-mismatched UFMBMT was significantly associated with a decreased risk of relapse (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-0.98], P = 0.033) and HLA-matched UFMBMT had the tendency of a decreased risk of relapse (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.61-1.01, P = 0.059). HLA-matched UFMBMT was also associated with favorable OS (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.69-0.97, P = 0.021). The relationship between the donor sources and relapse was similarly observed in the lymphoid malignancy cohort. CONCLUSIONS The difference of graft-versus leukemia effect by H-Y immunity according to donor sources might contribute to the difference in clinical impact. It might be desirable for patients who could sufficiently wait for donor coordination to select BMT rather than UCBT, even if only unrelated female donors are available for male recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Tamaki
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yu Akahoshi
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan; Tisch Cancer Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yosuke Okada
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Association Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Doki
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Sawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Maruyama
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ueda
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Transfusion and Hemapheresis Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | | | - Yuta Katayama
- Department of Hematology, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kawakita
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kimura
- Preparation Department, Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Onizuka
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Atsuta
- Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagakute, Japan; Department of Registry Science for Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Ryu Yanagisawa
- Division of Blood Transfusion, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Yakushijin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junya Kanda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakasone
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
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Li J, DePinho RA. The Y of cancer sex differences. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1402. [PMID: 37679889 PMCID: PMC10485334 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiexi Li
- Department of Cancer BiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ronald A. DePinho
- Department of Cancer BiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
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Xin Y, Zhang Y. Paralog-based synthetic lethality: rationales and applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1168143. [PMID: 37350942 PMCID: PMC10282757 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1168143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells can result from gene mutations and over-expression. Synthetic lethality (SL) offers a desirable setting where cancer cells bearing one mutated gene of an SL gene pair can be specifically targeted by disrupting the function of the other genes, while leaving wide-type normal cells unharmed. Paralogs, a set of homologous genes that have diverged from each other as a consequence of gene duplication, make the concept of SL feasible as the loss of one gene does not affect the cell's survival. Furthermore, homozygous loss of paralogs in tumor cells is more frequent than singletons, making them ideal SL targets. Although high-throughput CRISPR-Cas9 screenings have uncovered numerous paralog-based SL pairs, the unclear mechanisms of targeting these gene pairs and the difficulty in finding specific inhibitors that exclusively target a single but not both paralogs hinder further clinical development. Here, we review the potential mechanisms of paralog-based SL given their function and genetic combination, and discuss the challenge and application prospects of paralog-based SL in cancer therapeutic discovery.
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Lacroix M, Beauchemin H, Khandanpour C, Möröy T. The RNA helicase DDX3 and its role in c-MYC driven germinal center-derived B-cell lymphoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1148936. [PMID: 37035206 PMCID: PMC10081492 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1148936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DDX3X is an RNA helicase with many functions in RNA metabolism such as mRNA translation, alternative pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA stability, but also plays a role as a regulator of transcription as well as in the Wnt/beta-catenin- and Nf-κB signaling pathways. The gene encoding DDX3X is located on the X-chromosome, but escapes X-inactivation. Hence females have two active copies and males only one. However, the Y chromosome contains the gene for the male DDX3 homologue, called DDX3Y, which has a very high sequence similarity and functional redundancy with DDX3X, but shows a more restricted protein expression pattern than DDX3X. High throughput sequencing of germinal center (GC)-derived B-cell malignancies such as Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) and Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples showed a high frequency of loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the DDX3X gene revealing several features that distinguish this gene from others. First, DDX3X mutations occur with high frequency particularly in those GC-derived B-cell lymphomas that also show translocations of the c-MYC proto-oncogene, which occurs in almost all BL and a subset of DLBCL. Second, DDX3X LOF mutations occur almost exclusively in males and is very rarely found in females. Third, mutations in the male homologue DDX3Y have never been found in any type of malignancy. Studies with human primary GC B cells from male donors showed that a loss of DDX3X function helps the initial process of B-cell lymphomagenesis by buffering the proteotoxic stress induced by c-MYC activation. However, full lymphomagenesis requires DDX3 activity since an upregulation of DDX3Y expression is invariably found in GC derived B-cell lymphoma with DDX3X LOF mutation. Other studies with male transgenic mice that lack Ddx3x, but constitutively express activated c-Myc transgenes in B cells and are therefore prone to develop B-cell malignancies, also showed upregulation of the DDX3Y protein expression during the process of lymphomagenesis. Since DDX3Y is not expressed in normal human cells, these data suggest that DDX3Y may represent a new cancer cell specific target to develop adjuvant therapies for male patients with BL and DLBCL and LOF mutations in the DDX3X gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lacroix
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugues Beauchemin
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tarik Möröy, ; Cyrus Khandanpour,
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Tarik Möröy, ; Cyrus Khandanpour,
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Lacroix M, Beauchemin H, Möröy T. DDX3: a relevant therapeutic target for lymphoma? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:1037-1040. [PMID: 36620925 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2166830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lacroix
- Hematopoiesis & Cancer Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugues Beauchemin
- Hematopoiesis & Cancer Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Hematopoiesis & Cancer Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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7
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Lacroix M, Beauchemin H, Fraszczak J, Ross J, Shooshtarizadeh P, Chen R, Moroy T. The X-linked helicase DDX3X is required for lymphoid differentiation and MYC-driven lymphomagenesis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3172-3186. [PMID: 35815807 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The X-linked gene DDX3X encodes an RNA helicase that is mutated at high frequencies in several types of human B-cell lymphoma. Females have two active DDX3X alleles and males carry a DDX3Y homolog on the Y chromosome. We show here that pan-hematopoietic, homozygous deletion of Ddx3x in female mice perturbs erythropoiesis, causing early developmental arrest. However, both hemizygous male and heterozygous female embryos develop normally, suggesting that one Ddx3x allele is sufficient for fetal hematopoietic development in females and that the Ddx3y allele can compensate for the loss of Ddx3x in males. In adult mice, DDX3X deficiency altered hematopoietic progenitors, early lymphoid development, marginal zone and germinal center B-cells, and lymphomagenesis in a sex-dependent manner. Loss of both Ddx3x alleles abrogated MYC-driven lymphomagenesis in females, while Ddx3x-deletion in males did not affect the formation of B-cell lymphoma in both mouse models. Moreover, tumors that appeared in male mice lacking DDX3X showed upregulated expression of DDX3Y, indicating a critical requirement for DDX3 activity for lymphomagenesis. These data reveal sex-specific roles of DDX3X in erythro- and lymphopoiesis as well as in MYC-driven lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lacroix
- IRCM (Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montr�al), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Julie Ross
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Tarik Moroy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montr�al, Montreal, Canada
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8
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DDX3X mRNA Expression in T Cells Is Associated with the Severity and Mortality of Septic Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5176915. [PMID: 35178128 PMCID: PMC8847006 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5176915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose DDX3X acts as the critical checkpoint of death in stressed cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mRNA expression level of DDX3X in T cells in peripheral blood of patients with sepsis and to explore its correlation with the prognosis of sepsis. Methods Seventy-nine patients with traumatic sepsis were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Blood samples were collected within 24 hours after the diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock, and the mRNA expression level of DDX3X in T cells was detected by PCR. Results The level of DDX3X mRNA in T cells was significantly increased in septic patients as well as in septic shock patients. The level of DDX3X mRNA was negatively correlated with T cell count and positively correlated with acute physiological and chronic health assessment (APACHE) score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (P < 0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-0.90). A Cox proportional hazard model identified an association between an increased DDX3X mRNA level (≥1.575) and the risk of 28-day mortality (hazard ratio = 9.540, 95% CI, 2.452-37.108). Conclusions High level of DDX3X mRNA in T cells in sepsis is associated with the severity of sepsis and the mortality of patients with sepsis.
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9
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Deletion of Y-chromosome before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in male recipients with female donors. Blood Adv 2022; 6:1895-1903. [PMID: 35108728 PMCID: PMC8941451 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Del(Y) before transplantation was significantly associated with disease relapse in female-to-male allo-HCT. A higher incidence of relapse in the del(Y) group might have been caused by attenuation of GVL due to a lack of H-Y antigens.
The graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect is one of the curative mechanisms of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). H-Y antigens, which are encoded by Y chromosome, are important targets of the GVL effect. Thus, deletion of the Y chromosome (del[Y]) might cause the GVL effect to deteriorate in a transplantation involving a female donor and male recipient, although the clinical significance of the del(Y) group remains to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated adult male patients who underwent allo-HCT between 2010 and 2019 in Japan. There were 155 cases in the del(Y) group and 4149 cases without del(Y) who underwent female-to-male allo-HCT. Del(Y) was significantly associated with inferior overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.53; P = .049) and an increased risk of relapse (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.08-1.80; P = .0098) in multivariate analyses. There was no significant difference in nonrelapse mortality between recipients with and without del(Y) (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.769-1.51; P = .67). In contrast, del(Y) was not significantly associated with any clinical outcomes in the cohort of male-to-male allo-HCT. A higher incidence of relapse might have been caused by attenuation of the GVL effect resulting from a lack of H-Y antigens. Because a GVL effect resulting from sex mismatch may not be expected in men with del(Y) who undergo allo-HCT with a female donor, additional post–allo-HCT strategies might be required to prevent disease relapse.
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Gong C, Krupka JA, Gao J, Grigoropoulos NF, Giotopoulos G, Asby R, Screen M, Usheva Z, Cucco F, Barrans S, Painter D, Zaini NBM, Haupl B, Bornelöv S, Ruiz De Los Mozos I, Meng W, Zhou P, Blain AE, Forde S, Matthews J, Khim Tan MG, Burke GAA, Sze SK, Beer P, Burton C, Campbell P, Rand V, Turner SD, Ule J, Roman E, Tooze R, Oellerich T, Huntly BJ, Turner M, Du MQ, Samarajiwa SA, Hodson DJ. Sequential inverse dysregulation of the RNA helicases DDX3X and DDX3Y facilitates MYC-driven lymphomagenesis. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4059-4075.e11. [PMID: 34437837 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DDX3X is a ubiquitously expressed RNA helicase involved in multiple stages of RNA biogenesis. DDX3X is frequently mutated in Burkitt lymphoma, but the functional basis for this is unknown. Here, we show that loss-of-function DDX3X mutations are also enriched in MYC-translocated diffuse large B cell lymphoma and reveal functional cooperation between mutant DDX3X and MYC. DDX3X promotes the translation of mRNA encoding components of the core translational machinery, thereby driving global protein synthesis. Loss-of-function DDX3X mutations moderate MYC-driven global protein synthesis, thereby buffering MYC-induced proteotoxic stress during early lymphomagenesis. Established lymphoma cells restore full protein synthetic capacity by aberrant expression of DDX3Y, a Y chromosome homolog, the expression of which is normally restricted to the testis. These findings show that DDX3X loss of function can buffer MYC-driven proteotoxic stress and highlight the capacity of male B cell lymphomas to then compensate for this loss by ectopic DDX3Y expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Gong
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Joanna A Krupka
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Jie Gao
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | | | - George Giotopoulos
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ryan Asby
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Michael Screen
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Zelvera Usheva
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Francesco Cucco
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Sharon Barrans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Daniel Painter
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Björn Haupl
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Bornelöv
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Igor Ruiz De Los Mozos
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peixun Zhou
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Lane, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK; School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Alex E Blain
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Lane, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK; Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Sorcha Forde
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Jamie Matthews
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Michelle Guet Khim Tan
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - G A Amos Burke
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip Beer
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Cathy Burton
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Peter Campbell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Vikki Rand
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Lane, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK; School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK; CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jernej Ule
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Reuben Tooze
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Brian J Huntly
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK
| | - Shamith A Samarajiwa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Daniel J Hodson
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
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Almsned F, Lipsky RH, Jafri MS. Transcriptomic analysis of Multiple Sclerosis patient-derived monocytes by RNA-Sequencing for candidate gene discovery. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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12
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DHX37 Impacts Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma through Immune Infiltration. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8835393. [PMID: 33490290 PMCID: PMC7790560 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8835393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA helicases have various essential functions in basically all aspects of RNA metabolism, not only unwinding RNA but also disturbing the interaction of RNA with proteins. Recently, RNA helicases have been considered potential targets in cancers. So far, there has been no detailed investigation of the biological functions of RNA helicase DHX37 in cancers. Objective We aim to identify the prognostic value of DHX37 associated with tumor microenvironments in cancers. Methods DHX37 expression was examined via the Oncomine database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). We explored the prognostic role of DHX37 in cancers across various databases. Coexpression genes, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and fundamental regulators were performed via LinkedOmics. Confirming the prognostic value of DHX37 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we explored the role of DHX37 in infiltrated lymphocytes in cancers using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and TIMER databases. Results Through GO and KEGG analyses, expression of DHX37 was also correlated with complex function-specific networks involving the ribosome and RNA metabolic signaling pathways. In LIHC and LUAD, DHX37 expression showed significant positive correlations with markers of Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T cell exhaustion, contributing to immune tolerance. Conclusion These results indicate that DHX37 can serve as a prognostic biomarker in LIHC and LUAD while having an important role in immune tolerance by activating the function of Tregs, MDSC, and T cell exhaustion.
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13
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Hu X, Kueppers ST, Kooreman NG, Gravina A, Wang D, Tediashvili G, Schlickeiser S, Frentsch M, Nikolaou C, Thiel A, Marcus S, Fuchs S, Velden J, Reichenspurner H, Volk HD, Deuse T, Schrepfer S. The H-Y Antigen in Embryonic Stem Cells Causes Rejection in Syngeneic Female Recipients. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1179-1189. [PMID: 32723003 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are promising candidates for cell-based regenerative therapies. To avoid rejection of transplanted cells, several approaches are being pursued to reduce immunogenicity of the cells or modulate the recipient's immune response. These include gene editing to reduce the antigenicity of cell products, immunosuppression of the host, or using major histocompatibility complex-matched cells from cell banks. In this context, we have investigated the antigenicity of H-Y antigens, a class of minor histocompatibility antigens encoded by the Y chromosome, to assess whether the gender of the donor affects the cell's antigenicity. In a murine transplant model, we show that the H-Y antigen in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs), as well as ESC-derived endothelial cells, provokes T- and B cell responses in female recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Hu
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.,University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon T Kueppers
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.,University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nigel G Kooreman
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alessia Gravina
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dong Wang
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.,University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grigol Tediashvili
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.,University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- BIH-Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Frentsch
- BIH-Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christos Nikolaou
- BIH-Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- BIH-Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sivan Marcus
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sigrid Fuchs
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Velden
- Evotec AG, Histopathology and In Vivo Pharmacology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.,University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH-Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Deuse
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.,University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Deschepper CF. Regulatory effects of the Uty/Ddx3y locus on neighboring chromosome Y genes and autosomal mRNA transcripts in adult mouse non-reproductive cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14900. [PMID: 32913328 PMCID: PMC7484786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to sperm-related genes, the male-specific chromosome Y (chrY) contains a class of ubiquitously expressed and evolutionary conserved dosage-sensitive regulator genes that include the neighboring Uty, Ddx3y and (in mice) Eif2s3y genes. However, no study to date has investigated the functional impact of targeted mutations of any of these genes within adult non-reproductive somatic cells. We thus compared adult male mice carrying a gene trap within their Uty gene (UtyGT) to their wild-type (WT) isogenic controls, and performed deep sequencing of RNA and genome-wide profiling of chromatin features in extracts from either cardiac tissue, cardiomyocyte-specific nuclei or purified cardiomyocytes. The apparent impact of UtyGT on gene transcription concentrated mostly on chrY genes surrounding the locus of insertion, i.e. Uty, Ddx3y, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contained within their introns and Eif2s3y, in addition to possible effects on the autosomal Malat1 lncRNA. Notwithstanding, UtyGT also caused coordinate changes in the abundance of hundreds of mRNA transcripts related to coherent cell functions, including RNA processing and translation. The results altogether indicated that tightly co-regulated chrY genes had nonetheless more widespread effects on the autosomal transcriptome in adult somatic cells, most likely due to mechanisms other than just transcriptional regulation of corresponding protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Deschepper
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) and Université de Montréal, 100 Pine Ave West, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.
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15
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Cardinal T, Bergeron KF, Soret R, Souchkova O, Faure C, Guillon A, Pilon N. Male-biased aganglionic megacolon in the TashT mouse model of Hirschsprung disease involves upregulation of p53 protein activity and Ddx3y gene expression. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009008. [PMID: 32898154 PMCID: PMC7500598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex genetic disorder of neural crest development resulting in incomplete formation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). This life-threatening neurocristopathy affects 1/5000 live births, with a currently unexplained male-biased ratio. To address this lack of knowledge, we took advantage of the TashT mutant mouse line, which is the only HSCR model to display a robust male bias. Our prior work revealed that the TashT insertional mutation perturbs a Chr.10 silencer-enriched non-coding region, leading to transcriptional dysregulation of hundreds of genes in neural crest-derived ENS progenitors of both sexes. Here, through sex-stratified transcriptome analyses and targeted overexpression in ENS progenitors, we show that male-biased ENS malformation in TashT embryos is not due to upregulation of Sry-the murine ortholog of a candidate gene for the HSCR male bias in humans-but instead involves upregulation of another Y-linked gene, Ddx3y. This discovery might be clinically relevant since we further found that the DDX3Y protein is also expressed in the ENS of a subset of male HSCR patients. Mechanistically, other data including chromosome conformation captured-based assays and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions suggest that Ddx3y upregulation in male TashT ENS progenitors is due to increased transactivation by p53, which appears especially active in these cells yet without triggering apoptosis. Accordingly, in utero treatment of TashT embryos with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α decreased Ddx3y expression and abolished the otherwise more severe ENS defect in TashT males. Our data thus highlight novel pathogenic roles for p53 and DDX3Y during ENS formation in mice, a finding that might help to explain the intriguing male bias of HSCR in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Cardinal
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karl-Frédérik Bergeron
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rodolphe Soret
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ouliana Souchkova
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christophe Faure
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division de gastroentérologie, hépatologie et nutrition pédiatrique, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amélina Guillon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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16
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Colaco S, Modi D. Consequences of Y chromosome microdeletions beyond male infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1329-1337. [PMID: 31214882 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The human Y chromosome plays a central role in sex determination and spermatogenesis. The azoospermia factor (AZF) loci on the Y chromosome contain genes that were thought to be testis specific with their deletions leading to spermatogenic failure. However, beyond the testis, the AZF genes (mainly those in AZFa and AZFb loci) are widely expressed in multiple tissues. Further, these genes are predicted to play roles in processes such as gene regulation and protein synthesis. These observations suggest that the AZF genes may have functions beyond regulation of fertility. RESULTS Three major areas have emerged where alternations in AZF genes have effects beyond infertility. (1) Poor-quality embryos are generated in assisted reproduction when sperm from men harboring Y chromosome microdeletions are used, (2) a higher preponderance of neuropsychiatry disorders is observed in men with deletions in AZF genes, and (3) copy number variations and altered expression of AZF genes are found in several cancers. CONCLUSION While our data is preliminary and observational in nature, systematic studies are required to address how genetic alterations in the Y chromosome can affect the health of men beyond infertility. This information will provide a different perspective in the area of androgenetics and have implications in devising strategies for maintaining the overall well-being of infertile males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Colaco
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, JM Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India.
| | - Deepak Modi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, JM Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India.
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17
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Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Dolgova EV, Efremova OV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Cancer Stem Cells: Emergent Nature of Tumor Emergency. Front Genet 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 30505319 PMCID: PMC6250818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional analysis of 167 genes overexpressed in Krebs-2 tumor initiating cells was performed. In the first part of the study, the genes were analyzed for their belonging to one or more of the three groups, which represent the three major phenotypic manifestation of malignancy of cancer cells, namely (1) proliferative self-sufficiency, (2) invasive growth and metastasis, and (3) multiple drug resistance. 96 genes out of 167 were identified as possible contributors to at least one of these fundamental properties. It was also found that substantial part of these genes are also known as genes responsible for formation and/or maintenance of the stemness of normal pluri-/multipotent stem cells. These results suggest that the malignancy is simply the ability to maintain the stem cell specific genes expression profile, and, as a consequence, the stemness itself regardless of the controlling effect of stem niches. In the second part of the study, three stress factors combined into the single concept of "generalized cellular stress," which are assumed to activate the expression of these genes, were defined. In addition, possible mechanisms for such activation were identified. The data obtained suggest the existence of a mechanism for the de novo formation of a pluripotent/stem phenotype in the subpopulation of "committed" tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana V Efremova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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18
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Abstract
Historically, immune-based therapies have played a leading role in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, with the efficacy of stem cell transplantation largely attributable to donor immunity against malignant cells. As new and more targeted immunotherapies have developed, their role in the treatment of hematologic malignancies is evolving and expanding. Herein, we discuss approaches for antigen discovery and review known and novel tumor antigens in hematologic malignancies. We further explore the role of established and investigational immunotherapies in hematologic malignancies, with a focus on personalization of treatment modalities such as cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapy. Finally, we identify areas of active investigation and development. Immunotherapy is at an exciting crossroads for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, with further investigation aimed at producing effective, targeted immune therapies that maximize antitumor effects while minimizing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Braun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Cai W, Xiong Chen Z, Rane G, Satendra Singh S, Choo Z, Wang C, Yuan Y, Zea Tan T, Arfuso F, Yap CT, Pongor LS, Yang H, Lee MB, Cher Goh B, Sethi G, Benoukraf T, Tergaonkar V, Prem Kumar A. Wanted DEAD/H or Alive: Helicases Winding Up in Cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:2957323. [PMID: 28122908 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most studied areas of human biology over the past century. Despite having attracted much attention, hype, and investments, the search to find a cure for cancer remains an uphill battle. Recent discoveries that challenged the central dogma of molecular biology not only further increase the complexity but also demonstrate how various types of noncoding RNAs such as microRNA and long noncoding RNA, as well as their related processes such as RNA editing, are important in regulating gene expression. Parallel to this aspect, an increasing number of reports have focused on a family of proteins known as DEAD/H-box helicases involved in RNA metabolism, regulation of long and short noncoding RNAs, and novel roles as "editing helicases" and their association with cancers. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of RNA helicases in various cancers, which are broadly classified into adult solid tumors, childhood solid tumors, leukemia, and cancer stem cells. The potential small molecule inhibitors of helicases and their therapeutic value are also discussed. In addition, analyzing next-generation sequencing data obtained from public portals and reviewing existing literature, we provide new insights on the potential of DEAD/H-box helicases to act as pharmacological drug targets in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpei Cai
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Zhi Xiong Chen
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Grishma Rane
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Shikha Satendra Singh
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Zhang'e Choo
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Chao Wang
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Yi Yuan
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Celestial T Yap
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Lorinc S Pongor
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Henry Yang
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Martin B Lee
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Touati Benoukraf
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Affiliations of authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore (WC, GR, SSS, CW, YY, TZT, HY, BCG, TB, APK); Departments of Pharmacology (WC, GR, SSS, CW, BCG, GS, APK), Physiology (ZXC, ZC, CTY), and Biochemistry (VT), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (ZXC); Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory (FA), School of Biomedical Sciences (GS, APK), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School (APK), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (CTY, BCG, APK); 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (LSP); Department of Renal Medicine (MBL) and Department of Haematology-Oncology (BCG), National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore (VT); Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia (VT); Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX (APK)
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Ishiyama K, Yamaguchi T, Eto T, Ohashi K, Uchida N, Kanamori H, Fukuda T, Miyamura K, Inoue Y, Taguchi J, Mori T, Iwato K, Morishima Y, Nagamura-Inoue T, Atsuta Y, Sakamaki H, Takami A. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, unlike acute erythroid leukemia, predicts an unfavorable outcome after allogeneic HSCT. Leuk Res 2016; 47:47-53. [PMID: 27244257 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute erythroid leukemia (FAB-M6) and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (FAB-M7) exhibit closely related properties in cells regarding morphology and the gene expression profile. Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is considered the mainstay of the treatment for both subtypes of leukemia due to their refractoriness to chemotherapy and high rates of relapse, it remains unclear whether allo-HSCT is curative in such cases due to their scarcity. We retrospectively examined the impact of allo-HSCT in 382 patients with M6 and 108 patients with M7 using nationwide HSCT data and found the overall survival (OS) and relapse rates of the M6 patients to be significantly better than those of the M7 patients after adjusting for confounding factors and statistically comparable with those of the patients with M0/M1/M2/M4/M5 disease. Consequently, the factors of age, gender, performance status, karyotype, disease status at HSCT and development of graft-vs.-host disease predicted the OS for the M6 patients, while the performance status and disease status at HSCT were predictive of the OS for the M7 patients. These findings substantiate the importance of distinguishing between M6 and M7 in the HSCT setting and suggest that unknown mechanisms influence the HSCT outcomes of these closely related subtypes of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ishiyama
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Takuhiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Eto
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Ohashi
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heiwa Kanamori
- Department of Hematology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyamura
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Inoue
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Taguchi
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Iwato
- Department of Hematology, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Morishima
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Atsuta
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Japan
| | - Hisashi Sakamaki
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takami
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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22
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Spierings E. Minor histocompatibility antigens: past, present, and future. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 84:374-60. [PMID: 25262921 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Minor histocompatibility (H) antigens are key molecules driving allo-immune responses in both graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) and in graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) reactivity in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Dissection of the dual function of minor H antigens became evident through their different modes of tissue and cell expression, i.e. hematopoietic system-restricted or broad. Broadly expressed minor H antigens can cause both GvHD and GvL effects, while hematopoietic system-restricted minor H antigens are more prone to induce GvL responses. This phenomenon renders the latter group of minor H antigens as curative tools for HSCT-based immunotherapy of hematological malignancies and disorders, in which minor H antigen-specific responses are enhanced in order to eradicate the malignant cells. This article describes the immunogenetics of minor H antigens and methods that have been developed to identify them. Moreover, it summarizes the clinical relevance of minor H antigens in transplantation, with special regards to allogeneic HSCT and solid-organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Spierings
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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van der Torren CR, van Hensbergen Y, Luther S, Aghai Z, Rychnavská ZS, Slot M, Scherjon S, Kröger N, Ganser A, Weissinger EM, Goulmy E, Hambach L. Possible role of minor h antigens in the persistence of donor chimerism after stem cell transplantation; relevance for sustained leukemia remission. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119595. [PMID: 25774796 PMCID: PMC4361395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent complete donor chimerism is an important clinical indicator for remissions of hematological malignancies after HLA-matched allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). However, the mechanisms mediating the persistence of complete donor chimerism are poorly understood. The frequent coincidence of complete donor chimerism with graft-versus-leukemia effects and graft-versus-host disease suggests that immune responses against minor histocompatibility antigens (mHags) are playing an important role in suppressing the host hematopoiesis after allogeneic SCT. Here, we investigated a possible relationship between donor immune responses against the hematopoiesis-restricted mHag HA-1 and the long-term kinetics of host hematopoietic chimerism in a cohort of 10 patients after allogeneic HLA-matched, HA-1 mismatched SCT. Functional HA-1 specific CTLs (HA-1 CTLs) were detectable in 6/10 patients lysing host-type hematopoietic cells in vitro. Presence of HA-1 CTLs in the peripheral blood coincided with low host hematopoiesis levels quantified by highly sensitive mHag specific PCR. Additionally, co-incubation of host type CD34+ cells with HA-1 CTLs isolated after allogeneic SCT prevented progenitor and cobblestone area forming cell growth in vitro and human hematopoietic engraftment in immunodeficient mice. Conversely, absence or loss of HA-1 CTLs mostly coincided with high host hematopoiesis levels and/or relapse. In summary, in this first study, presence of HA-1 CTLs paralleled low host hematopoiesis levels. This coincidence might be supported by the capacity of HA-1 CTLs isolated after allogeneic SCT to specifically eliminate host type hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Additional studies involving multiple mismatched mHags in more patients are required to confirm this novel characteristic of mHag CTLs as factor for the persistence of complete donor chimerism and leukemia remission after allogeneic SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis R. van der Torren
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Hensbergen
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Division of Research, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Luther
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zohara Aghai
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Stachová Rychnavská
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Slot
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Division of Research, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sicco Scherjon
- Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva M. Weissinger
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Els Goulmy
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lothar Hambach
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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24
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Nozaki K, Kagamu H, Shoji S, Igarashi N, Ohtsubo A, Okajima M, Miura S, Watanabe S, Yoshizawa H, Narita I. DDX3X induces primary EGFR-TKI resistance based on intratumor heterogeneity in lung cancer cells harboring EGFR-activating mutations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111019. [PMID: 25343452 PMCID: PMC4208809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific mechanisms how lung cancer cells harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating mutations can survive treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) until they eventually acquire treatment-resistance genetic mutations are unclear. The phenotypic diversity of cancer cells caused by genetic or epigenetic alterations (intratumor heterogeneity) confers treatment failure and may foster tumor evolution through Darwinian selection. Recently, we found DDX3X as the protein that was preferentially expressed in murine melanoma with cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotypes by proteome analysis. In this study, we transfected PC9, human lung cancer cells harboring EGFR exon19 deletion, with cDNA encoding DDX3X and found that DDX3X, an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, induced CSC-like phenotypes and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied with loss of sensitivity to EGFR-TKI. DDX3X expression was associated with upregulation of Sox2 and increase of cancer cells exhibiting CSC-like phenotypes, such as anchorage-independent proliferation, strong expression of CD44, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The EMT with switching from E-cadherin to N-cadherin was also facilitated by DDX3X. Either ligand-independent or ligand-induced EGFR phosphorylation was inhibited in lung cancer cells that strongly expressed DDX3X. Lack of EGFR signal addiction resulted in resistance to EGFR-TKI. Moreover, we found a small nonadherent subpopulation that strongly expressed DDX3X accompanied by the same stem cell-like properties and the EMT in parental PC9 cells. The unique subpopulation lacked EGFR signaling and was highly resistant to EGFR-TKI. In conclusion, our data indicate that DDX3X may play a critical role for inducing phenotypic diversity, and that treatment targeting DDX3X may overcome primary resistance to EGFR-TKI resulting from intratumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Nozaki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kagamu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Satoshi Shoji
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Natsue Igarashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Aya Ohtsubo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okajima
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoru Miura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Yoshizawa
- Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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25
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Zhang H, Fang H, Wang K. Reactive oxygen species in eradicating acute myeloid leukemic stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2014; 1:13. [PMID: 27358859 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2014.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) have been proven to drive leukemia initiation, progression and relapse, and are increasingly being used as a critical target for therapeutic intervention. As an essential feature in LSCs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis has been extensively exploited in the past decade for targeting LSCs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Most, if not all, agents that show therapeutic benefits are able to alter redox status by inducing ROS, which confers selectivity in eradicating AML stem cells but sparing normal counterparts. In this review, we provide the comprehensive update of ROS-generating agents in the context of their impacts on our understanding of the pathogenesis of AML and its therapy. We anticipate that further characterizing these ROS agents will help us combat against AML in the coming era of LSC-targeting strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China ; 2 Pediatric department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hai Fang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China ; 2 Pediatric department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kankan Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China ; 2 Pediatric department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Ex vivo detection of CD8 T cells specific for H-Y minor histocompatibility antigens in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2014; 30:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
H-Y antigens are a group of minor histocompatibility antigens encoded on the Y-chromosome with homologous H-X antigens on the X-chromosome. The disparate regions of the H-Y antigens are highly immunogenic and play an important role in understanding human alloimmunity. In this review, we investigate the history of H-Y antigen discovery along with their critical contributions in transplantation and pregnancy. In hematopoietic cell transplantation, male recipients with female donors who become seropositive for B-cell responses as H-Y antibodies following transplantation have increased rates of chronic graft-versus-host disease and decreased rates of relapse. Conversely, female patients who receive male kidney allografts are more likely than other gender combinations to develop H-Y antibodies and reject their allografts. Finally, in the setting of pregnancy, mothers who initially gave birth to boys are more likely to have subsequent pregnancy complications, including miscarriages, in association with H-Y antibody development. H-Y antigens continue to serve as a model for alloimmunity in new clinical scenarios. Our development of more sensitive antibody detection and next-generation DNA sequencing promises to further advance our understanding and better predict the clinical consequences of alloimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Popli
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bita Sahaf
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hideki Nakasone
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joyce Yeuk Yu Lee
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David B. Miklos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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28
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Chen X, Chang CH, Goldenberg DM. Novel strategies for improved cancer vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:567-76. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
Minor histocompatibility (H) antigen mismatching leads to clinically relevant alloimmune reactivity. Depending on the tissue expression pattern of the involved minor H antigens, the immune response may either cause graft-versus-host disease and a graft-versus-tumor effect or lead to only a graft-versus-leukemia effect. Thus, identification of recipient-donor pairs with minor H antigen mismatches has clinical importance. This chapter describes molecular typing methods for molecular typing of minor H antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Spierings
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Koshio J, Kagamu H, Nozaki K, Saida Y, Tanaka T, Shoji S, Igarashi N, Miura S, Okajima M, Watanabe S, Yoshizawa H, Narita I. DEAD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 3, X-linked is an immunogenic target of cancer stem cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1619-28. [PMID: 23974721 PMCID: PMC11028571 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that most solid malignancies consist of heterogeneous tumor cells and that a relatively small subpopulation, which shares biological features with stem cells, survives through potentially lethal stresses such as chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Since the survival of this subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSC) plays a critical role in recurrence, it must be eradicated in order to cure cancer. We previously reported that vaccination with CD133(+) murine melanoma cells exhibiting biological CSC features induced CSC-specific effector T cells. These were capable of eradicating CD133(+) tumor cells in vivo, thereby curing the parental tumor. In the current study, we indicated that DEAD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 3, X-linked (DDX3X) is an immunogenic protein preferentially expressed in CD133(+) tumor cells. Vaccination with DDX3X primed specific T cells, resulting in protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity. The DDX3X-primed CD4(+) T cells produced CD133(+) tumor-specific IFNγ and IL-17 and mediated potent antitumor therapeutic efficacy. DDX3X is expressed in various human cancer cells, including lung, colon, and breast cancer cells. These results suggest that anti-DDX3X immunotherapy is a promising treatment option in efforts to eradicate CSC in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Koshio
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Course for Biological Functions and Medical Control, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kagamu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Course for Biological Functions and Medical Control, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
| | - Koichiro Nozaki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Course for Biological Functions and Medical Control, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
| | - Yu Saida
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Course for Biological Functions and Medical Control, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Course for Biological Functions and Medical Control, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
| | - Satoshi Shoji
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Course for Biological Functions and Medical Control, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
| | - Natsue Igarashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Course for Biological Functions and Medical Control, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
| | - Satoru Miura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Course for Biological Functions and Medical Control, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
| | - Masaaki Okajima
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Course for Biological Functions and Medical Control, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Yoshizawa
- Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Course for Biological Functions and Medical Control, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
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Robert F, Pelletier J. Perturbations of RNA helicases in cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2013; 4:333-49. [PMID: 23658027 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Helicases are implicated in most stages of the gene expression pathway, ranging from DNA replication, RNA transcription, splicing, RNA transport, ribosome biogenesis, mRNA translation, RNA storage and decay. These enzymes utilize energy derived from nucleotide triphosphate hydrolysis to remodel ribonucleoprotein complexes, RNA, or DNA and in this manner affect the information content or output of RNA. Several RNA helicases have been implicated in the oncogenic process--either through altered expression levels, mutations, or due to their role in pathways required for tumor initiation, progression, maintenance, or chemosensitivity. The purpose of this review is to highlight those RNA helicases for which there is significant evidence implicating them in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Robert
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
In mammals, the Y chromosome plays the pivotal role in male sex determination and is essential for normal sperm production. Yet only three Y chromosomes have been completely sequenced to date--those of human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque. While Y chromosomes are notoriously difficult to sequence owing to their highly repetitive genomic landscapes, these dedicated sequencing efforts have generated tremendous yields in medical, biological, and evolutionary insight. Knowledge of the complex structural organization of the human Y chromosome and a complete catalog of its gene content have provided a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that generate disease-causing mutations and large-scale rearrangements. Variation among human Y-chromosome sequences has been an invaluable tool for understanding relationships among human populations. Comprehensive comparisons of the human Y-chromosome sequence with those of other primates have illuminated aspects of Y-chromosome evolutionary dynamics over much longer timescales (>25 million years compared with 100,000 years). The future sequencing of additional Y chromosomes will provide a basis for a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of Y chromosomes and their roles in reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Hughes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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CD8+ T-cell clones specific for the 5T4 antigen target renal cell carcinoma tumor-initiating cells in a murine xenograft model. J Immunother 2013; 35:523-33. [PMID: 22892449 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e318261d630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The tumor antigen 5T4 is frequently expressed at high levels on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and other epithelial carcinomas. Surveys of normal tissues demonstrate abundant 5T4 expression on placental trophoblast cells with limited expression elsewhere. 5T4 is the target for a therapeutic cancer vaccine (MVA-5T4) that elicits 5T4-specific serological, proliferative, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. However, the antitumor activity of 5T4-specific CTL has not been extensively characterized. CD8 T cells from HLA-A2 healthy donors (n=4) or RCC patients (n=2) were stimulated in vitro with the HLA-A2-binding nonamer peptides 5T417-25 or 5T497-105 and screened by flow cytometry with specific tetramers (TET). CD8/TET T-cell clones specific for 5T417-25 or 5T497-105 peptide were isolated from 4/6 and 1/4 donors, respectively. A subset of clones specific for 5T417-25 was cytolytic for MVA-5T4-infected HLA-A2 EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line target cells and for constitutively HLA-A2-expressing and 5T4-expressing RCC tumor cell lines (including A498 RCC). In a xenoengraftment assay, the coinoculation of a representative 5T417-25-specific CTL clone with A498 RCC tumors cells into immune-deficient mice completely prevented growth of A498 tumors. Taken together, these data demonstrate high-avidity CD8 CTL able to recognize the naturally processed 5T417-25 epitope on RCC tumor cells including putative tumor-initiating cells are present in peripheral blood of both healthy donors and RCC patients. CD8T-cell immunity targeting 5T417-25 is therefore of substantial interest both as a potential target for further development of vaccination or adoptive cellular immunotherapy and for immune monitoring studies in association with nonspecific immunotherapies.
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Spierings E, Goulmy E. Minor histocompatibility antigen typing by DNA sequencing for clinical practice in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 882:509-30. [PMID: 22665253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-842-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In HLA-matched stem-cell transplantation (SCT), minor H antigens are key molecules driving allo-immune responses in both graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and in graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) reactivity. Dissection of the dual function of minor H antigens became evident through their different modes of tissue and cell expression, i.e., hematopoietic system restricted or broad. Broadly expressed minor H antigens are the targets of immune responses in both arms of graft-versus-host (GvH) responses, i.e., both GvHD and GvL, whereas the immune responses against the hematopoietic system-specific minor H antigens are restricted to the GvL arm of SCT. Evidently, it is this latter group of minor H antigens that can function as curative tools for stem-cell (SC)-based immunotherapy of hematological malignancies and disorders. The HLA-matched patient/donor combinations, incompatible for one of the hematopoietic-specific minor H antigens, are suitable for minor H antigen immunotherapy (Goulmy, Immunol Rev 157:125-140, 1997). Information on the minor H antigen phenotype is therefore needed. Hereto, genomic typing for minor H antigens has been implemented in many HLA laboratories. Here, we firstly summarize the relevance of minor H antigens particularly in hematopoietic SCT. Secondly, we describe a method for typing the various polymorphic minor H antigens molecularly identified to date by DNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Spierings
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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35
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Cyclin-A1 represents a new immunogenic targetable antigen expressed in acute myeloid leukemia stem cells with characteristics of a cancer-testis antigen. Blood 2012; 119:5492-501. [PMID: 22529286 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-365890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted T-cell therapy is a potentially less toxic strategy than allogeneic stem cell transplantation for providing a cytotoxic antileukemic response to eliminate leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, this strategy requires identification of leukemia-associated antigens that are immunogenic and exhibit selective high expression in AML LSCs. Using microarray expression analysis of LSCs, hematopoietic cell subpopulations, and peripheral tissues to screen for candidate antigens, cyclin-A1 was identified as a candidate gene. Cyclin-A1 promotes cell proliferation and survival, has been shown to be leukemogenic in mice, is detected in LSCs of more than 50% of AML patients, and is minimally expressed in normal tissues with exception of testis. Using dendritic cells pulsed with a cyclin-A1 peptide library, we generated T cells against several cyclin-A1 oligopeptides. Two HLA A*0201-restricted epitopes were further characterized, and specific CD8 T-cell clones recognized both peptide-pulsed target cells and the HLA A*0201-positive AML line THP-1, which expresses cyclin-A1. Furthermore, cyclin-A1-specific CD8 T cells lysed primary AML cells. Thus, cyclin-A1 is the first prototypic leukemia-testis-antigen to be expressed in AML LSCs. The pro-oncogenic activity, high expression levels, and multitude of immunogenic epitopes make it a viable target for pursuing T cell-based therapy approaches.
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Abstract
Increased appreciation of intraclonal heterogeneity of tumors in the past decade has led to the resurgence of the cancer stem cell hypothesis. This hypothesis also has potential implications for immunologic approaches targeting cancer, and it has been suggested that vaccines targeting cancer stem cells may be essential for durable antitumor immunity. Recent studies have provided novel insights into the nature of antigenic targets expressed on putative cancer stem cells and the capacity of both the innate and the adaptive immune system to target these cells, as well as the associated challenges. While the phenotypic properties of cancer stem cells may be plastic, their stemness and capacity for self-renewal may depend on a limited set of genes. Several of these genes overlap with those regulating stemness in embryonal stem cells and are also emerging as potential oncogenes in some cancers. Immunologic approaches targeting stemness-associated pathways in cancer may provide an important strategy for the prevention of diverse cancers, including those occurring in the context of regenerative therapies.
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Holland OJ, Linscheid C, Hodes HC, Nauser TL, Gilliam M, Stone P, Chamley LW, Petroff MG. Minor histocompatibility antigens are expressed in syncytiotrophoblast and trophoblast debris: implications for maternal alloreactivity to the fetus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:256-66. [PMID: 22079431 PMCID: PMC3338347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The fetal semi-allograft can induce expansion and tolerance of antigen-specific maternal T and B cells through paternally inherited major histocompatibility complex and minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAgs). The effects of these antigens have important consequences on the maternal immune system both during and long after pregnancy. Herein, we investigate the possibility that the placental syncytiotrophoblast and deported trophoblastic debris serve as sources of fetal mHAgs. We mapped the expression of four mHAgs (human mHAg 1, pumilio domain-containing protein KIAA0020, B-cell lymphoma 2-related protein A1, and ribosomal protein S4, Y linked) in the placenta. Each of these proteins was expressed in several placental cell types, including the syncytiotrophoblast. These antigens and two additional Y chromosome-encoded antigens [DEAD box polypeptide 3, Y linked (DDX3Y), and lysine demethylase5D] were also identified by RT-PCR in the placenta, purified trophoblast cells, and cord blood cells. Finally, we used a proteomic approach to investigate the presence of mHAgs in the syncytiotrophoblast and trophoblast debris shed from first-trimester placenta. By this method, four antigens (DDX3Y; ribosomal protein S4, Y linked; solute carrier 1A5; and signal sequence receptor 1) were found in the syncytiotrophoblast, and one antigen (DDX3Y) was found in shed trophoblast debris. The finding of mHAgs in the placenta and in trophoblast debris provides the first direct evidence that fetal antigens are present in debris shed from the human placenta. The data, thus, suggest a mechanism by which the maternal immune system is exposed to fetal alloantigens, possibly explaining the relationship between parity and graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Holland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin Linscheid
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | | | - Melissa Gilliam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter Stone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Larry W. Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret G. Petroff
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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38
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Paria N, Raudsepp T, Pearks Wilkerson AJ, O'Brien PCM, Ferguson-Smith MA, Love CC, Arnold C, Rakestraw P, Murphy WJ, Chowdhary BP. A gene catalogue of the euchromatic male-specific region of the horse Y chromosome: comparison with human and other mammals. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21374. [PMID: 21799735 PMCID: PMC3143126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the Y chromosome in primates, rodents and carnivores provide compelling evidence that the male specific region of Y (MSY) contains functional genes, many of which have specialized roles in spermatogenesis and male-fertility. Little similarity, however, has been found between the gene content and sequence of MSY in different species. This hinders the discovery of species-specific male fertility genes and limits our understanding about MSY evolution in mammals. Here, a detailed MSY gene catalogue was developed for the horse – an odd-toed ungulate. Using direct cDNA selection from horse testis, and sequence analysis of Y-specific BAC clones, 37 horse MSY genes/transcripts were identified. The genes were mapped to the MSY BAC contig map, characterized for copy number, analyzed for transcriptional profiles by RT-PCR, examined for the presence of ORFs, and compared to other mammalian orthologs. We demonstrate that the horse MSY harbors 20 X-degenerate genes with known orthologs in other eutherian species. The remaining 17 genes are acquired or novel and have so far been identified only in the horse or donkey Y chromosomes. Notably, 3 transcripts were found in the heterochromatic part of the Y. We show that despite substantial differences between the sequence, gene content and organization of horse and other mammalian Y chromosomes, the functions of MSY genes are predominantly related to testis and spermatogenesis. Altogether, 10 multicopy genes with testis-specific expression were identified in the horse MSY, and considered likely candidate genes for stallion fertility. The findings establish an important foundation for the study of Y-linked genetic factors governing fertility in stallions, and improve our knowledge about the evolutionary processes that have shaped Y chromosomes in different mammalian lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandina Paria
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Terje Raudsepp
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BPC); (TR)
| | - Alison J. Pearks Wilkerson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | - Charles C. Love
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Arnold
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter Rakestraw
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bhanu P. Chowdhary
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BPC); (TR)
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Weber J, Atkins M, Hwu P, Radvanyi L, Sznol M, Yee C. White paper on adoptive cell therapy for cancer with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: a report of the CTEP subcommittee on adoptive cell therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:1664-73. [PMID: 21325070 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) using expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor antigen-specific T cell expanded from peripheral blood are complex but powerful immunotherapies directed against metastatic melanoma. A number of nonrandomized clinical trials using TIL combined with high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) have consistently found clinical response rates of 50% or more in metastatic melanoma patients accompanied by long progression-free survival. Recent studies have also established practical methods for the expansion of TIL from melanoma tumors with high success rates. These results have set the stage for randomized phase II/III clinical trials to determine whether ACT provides benefit in stage IV melanoma. Here, we provide an overview of the current state-of-the art in T-cell-based therapies for melanoma focusing on ACT using expanded TIL and address some of the key unanswered biological and clinical questions in the field. Different phase II/III randomized clinical trial scenarios comparing the efficacy of TIL therapy to high-dose IL-2 alone are described. Finally, we provide a roadmap describing the critical steps required to test TIL therapy in a randomized multicenter setting. We suggest an approach using centralized cell expansion facilities that will receive specimens and ship expanded TIL infusion products to participating centers to ensure maximal yield and product consistency. If successful, this approach will definitively answer the question of whether ACT can enter mainstream treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Weber
- Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Hansen JA, Chien JW, Warren EH, Zhao LP, Martin PJ. Defining genetic risk for graft-versus-host disease and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Curr Opin Hematol 2010; 17:483-92. [PMID: 20827186 PMCID: PMC3177530 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e32833eb770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores what is known about the genetics of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) and how genetic polymorphism affects risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic variation found across the human genome can impact HCT outcome by causing genetic disparity between patient and donor and modifying gene function. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and structural variation can result in mismatching for cellular peptides known as histocompatibility antigens. At least 25-30 polymorphic genes are known to encode functional histocompatibility antigens in mismatched individuals, but their individual contribution to clinical GVHD is unclear. HCT outcome may also be affected by polymorphism in donor or recipient. Association studies have implicated several genes associated with GVHD and mortality, however results have been inconsistent most likely due to limited sample size, and differences in racial diversity and clinical covariates. New technologies using DNA arrays genotyping for a million or more SNPs promise genome-wide discovery of HCT-associated genes, however adequate statistical power requires study populations of several thousand patient-donor pairs. SUMMARY Available data offers strong preliminary support for the impact that genetic variation has on risk of GVHD and mortality following HCT. Definitive results however await future genome-wide studies of large multicenter HCT cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hansen
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA.
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O'Reilly RJ, Dao T, Koehne G, Scheinberg D, Doubrovina E. Adoptive transfer of unselected or leukemia-reactive T-cells in the treatment of relapse following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Semin Immunol 2010; 22:162-72. [PMID: 20537908 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of in vivo generated antigen-specific donor-derived T-cells is increasingly recognized as an effective approach for the treatment or prevention of EBV lymphomas and cytomegalovirus infections complicating allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants. This review examines evidence from preclinical experiments and initial clinical trials to critically assess both the potential and current limitations of adoptive transfer of donor T-cells sensitized to selected minor alloantigens of the host or to peptide epitopes of proteins, differentially expressed by clonogenic leukemia cells, such as the Wilms tumor protein, WT-1, as a strategy to treat or prevent recurrence of leukemia in the post-transplant period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J O'Reilly
- The Transplantation and Leukemia Service of the Department of Medicine and the Immunology and Molecular Pharmacology Programs at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States.
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Ofran Y, Kim HT, Brusic V, Blake L, Mandrell M, Wu CJ, Sarantopoulos S, Bellucci R, Keskin DB, Soiffer RJ, Antin JH, Ritz J. Diverse patterns of T-cell response against multiple newly identified human Y chromosome-encoded minor histocompatibility epitopes. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:1642-51. [PMID: 20160060 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Donor T cells respond to minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA), resulting in both graft-versus-host disease and graft versus leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Because relatively few mHAs are known, we developed a new approach to predict and subsequently validate candidate mHA. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed an algorithm based on genetic disparities between Y chromosome-encoded and X chromosome-encoded proteins and known requirements for binding to HLA class I molecules to predict Y chromosome-derived, HLA A*0201-restricted peptides (HY) and ranked peptides based on potential immunogenicity. We evaluated T-cell responses to 41 candidate peptides in 28 male recipients with female donors (FM), 22 male recipients with male donors (MM), and 26 normal individuals. All patients and donors were HLA A*0201 positive. RESULTS Thirteen peptides derived from five proteins elicited significantly greater T-cell responses in FM patients compared with MM patients and in normal females compared with normal males. Six peptides were more immunogenic than the only previously known HLA A*0201-restricted Y-encoded mHA. Twenty-seven of 28 FM patients responded to at least one HY peptide, but despite a common Y chromosome mismatch and expression of HLA A*0201, each patient responded to a unique set of peptides. CONCLUSIONS Novel HLA A*0201-restricted HY epitopes can be predicted and validated in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Highly diverse patterns of T-cell response against these epitopes have been identified. Prospective monitoring of responses to large panels of immunogenic peptides can facilitate the identification of clinically relevant targets of graft-versus-host disease and graft versus leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishai Ofran
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Miller JS, Warren EH, van den Brink MRM, Ritz J, Shlomchik WD, Murphy WJ, Barrett AJ, Kolb HJ, Giralt S, Bishop MR, Blazar BR, Falkenburg JHF. NCI First International Workshop on The Biology, Prevention, and Treatment of Relapse After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Report from the Committee on the Biology Underlying Recurrence of Malignant Disease following Allogeneic HSCT: Graft-versus-Tumor/Leukemia Reaction. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010; 16:565-86. [PMID: 20152921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) depends on the infusion of benign stem cells as well as lymphocytes capable of participating in a graft-versus-tumor/leukemia (GVL) reaction. Clinical proof of concept is derived from studies showing increased relapse after the infusion of lymphocyte depleted hematopoietic grafts as well as the therapeutic efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusions without chemotherapy to treat relapse in some diseases. Despite this knowledge, relapse after allogeneic HSCT is common with rates approaching 40% in those with high-risk disease. In this review, we cover the basic biology and potential application to exploit adaptive T cell responses, minor histocompatibility antigens, contraction and suppression mechanisms that hinder immune responses, adaptive B cell responses and innate NK cell responses, all orchestrated in a GVL reaction. Optimal strategies to precisely balance immune responses to favor GVL without harmful graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are needed to protect against relapse, treat persistent disease and improve disease-free survival after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Miller
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Dhodapkar MV. Immunity to stemness genes in human cancer. Curr Opin Immunol 2010; 22:245-50. [PMID: 20144857 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of data points to not only intraclonal heterogeneity and hierarchy of growth potential, but also plasticity of cellular differentiation within human tumors. Recent studies have also identified surprising overlap between pathways that regulate pluripotency in embryonal stem (ES) cells and oncogenesis. While there is a long history of targeting embryonal tissues toward cancer vaccines, recent identification of crucial stemness pathways in ES cells as well as putative cancer stem cells (CSCs) provides novel opportunities for antigen-specific targeted therapy. Here we discuss recent insights into the capacity of the immune system to target these pathways. Immunologic targeting of pathways associated with stemness has implications for both immune regulation of tumor growth as well as regenerative therapies with embryonal stem cells.
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Therapy of relapsed leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with T cells specific for minor histocompatibility antigens. Blood 2010; 115:3869-78. [PMID: 20071660 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-10-248997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of donor T cells that recognize recipient minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAgs) is a potential strategy for preventing or treating leukemic relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). A total of 7 patients with recurrent leukemia after major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched allogeneic HCT were treated with infusions of donor-derived, ex vivo-expanded CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones specific for tissue-restricted recipient mHAgs. The safety of T-cell therapy, in vivo persistence of transferred CTLs, and disease response were assessed. Molecular characterization of the mHAgs recognized by CTL clones administered to 3 patients was performed to provide insight into the antileukemic activity and safety of T-cell therapy. Pulmonary toxicity of CTL infusion was seen in 3 patients, was severe in 1 patient, and correlated with the level of expression of the mHAg-encoding genes in lung tissue. Adoptively transferred CTLs persisted in the blood up to 21 days after infusion, and 5 patients achieved complete but transient remissions after therapy. The results of these studies illustrate the potential to selectively enhance graft-versus-leukemia activity by the adoptive transfer of mHAg-specific T-cell clones and the challenges for the broad application of this approach in allogeneic HCT. This study has been registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00107354.
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Antibodies specifically target AML antigen NuSAP1 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2010; 115:2077-87. [PMID: 20053754 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-211375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the targets of immune response after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) promises to provide relevant immune therapy candidate proteins. We used protein microarrays to serologically identify nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NuSAP1) and chromatin assembly factor 1, subunit B (p60; CHAF1b) as targets of new antibody responses that developed after allogeneic HCT. Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) validated their post-HCT recognition and enabled ELISA testing of 120 other patients with various malignancies who underwent allo-HCT. CHAF1b-specific antibodies were predominantly detected in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whereas NuSAP1-specific antibodies were exclusively detected in patients with AML 1 year after transplantation (P < .001). Complete genomic exon sequencing failed to identify a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for NuSAP1 and CHAF1b between the donor and recipient cells. Expression profiles and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed NuSAP1 was predominately expressed in the bone marrow CD34(+)CD90(+) hematopoietic stem cells, leukemic cell lines, and B lymphoblasts compared with other tissues or cells. Thus, NuSAP1 is recognized as an immunogenic antigen in 65% of patients with AML following allogeneic HCT and suggests a tumor antigen role.
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Thomas X. Targeting leukemia stem cells: The new goal of therapy in adult acute myeloid leukemia. World J Stem Cells 2009; 1:49-54. [PMID: 21607107 PMCID: PMC3097908 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v1.i1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most popular view of hematopoietic cell lineage organization is that of complex reactive or adaptative systems. Leukemia contains a subpopulation of cells that display characteristics of stem cells. These cells maintain tumor growth. The properties of leukemia stem cells indicate that current conventional chemotherapy, directed against the bulk of the tumor, will not be effective. Leukemia stem cells are quiescent and do not respond to cell cycle-specific cytotoxic agents used to treat leukemia and thus contribute to treatment failure. New strategies are required that specifically target this malignant stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Thomas
- Xavier Thomas, Department of Hematology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
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Abstract
Nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation (NST) is increasingly used with beneficial effects because it can be applied to older patients with hematological malignancies and those with various complications who are not suitable for conventional myeloablative stem cell transplantation (CST). Various conditioning regimens differ in their myeloablative and immunosuppressive intensity. Regardless of the type of conditioning regimen, graft-versus- host disease (GVHD) in NST occurs almost equally in CST, although a slightly delayed development of acute GVHD is observed in NST. Although graft-versus-hematological malignancy effects (i.e., graft-versus-leukemia effect, graft-versus-lymphoma effect, and graft-versus-myeloma effect) also occur in NST, completely eradicating residual malignant cells through allogeneic immune responses is insufficient in cases with rapidly growing disease or uncontrolled progressive disease. Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is sometimes combined to support engraftment and to augment the graft-versus-hematological malignancy effect, such as the graft-versus-leukemia effect. DLI is especially effective for controlling relapse in the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, but not so effective against other diseases. Indeed, NST is a beneficial procedure for expanding the opportunity of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to many patients with hematological malignancies. However, a more sophisticated improvement in separating graft-versus-hematological malignancy effects from GVHD is required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Imamura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
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Pulsipher MA, Bader P, Klingebiel T, Cooper LJN. Allogeneic transplantation for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the emerging role of peritransplantation minimal residual disease/chimerism monitoring and novel chemotherapeutic, molecular, and immune approaches aimed at preventing relapse. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 15:62-71. [PMID: 19147081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although improved donor sources and supportive care have decreased transplantation-related mortality over the past decade, relapse remains the principal cause of failure after allogeneic transplantation for high-risk pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Emerging tools of minimal residual disease (MRD) and chimerism monitoring before and after transplantation have defined those children at highest risk for relapse and provide the opportunity for intervention to prevent relapse. Specific methods aimed at decreasing relapse include the use of intensive treatment before transplantation to increase the percentage of patients undergoing the procedure with negative MRD, optimal transplantation preparative regimens, and posttransplantation interventions with targeted or immunologic therapy. Early data demonstrate decreased relapse with the use of sirolimus for all types of ALL and imatinib for ALL with the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph(+) ALL) after transplantation. Patients with increasing chimerism or MRD have been shown to benefit from early withdrawal of immune suppression or donor lymphocyte infusion. Finally, various targeted immunologic therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor mismatching, natural killer cell therapy, and targeted T cell therapies, are emerging that also could have an affect on relapse and improve survival after transplantation for pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Pulsipher
- Division of Hematology/BMT, Primary Children's Medical Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Abstract
Although uncontrolled proliferation is a distinguishing property of a tumor as a whole, the individual cells that make up the tumor exhibit considerable variation in many properties, including morphology, proliferation kinetics, and the ability to initiate tumor growth in transplant assays. Understanding the molecular and cellular basis of this heterogeneity has important implications in the design of therapeutic strategies. The mechanistic basis of tumor heterogeneity has been uncertain; however, there is now strong evidence that cancer is a cellular hierarchy with cancer stem cells at the apex. This review provides a historical overview of the influence of hematology on the development of stem cell concepts and their linkage to cancer.
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