1
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Papaleo N, Molina-Alvarez A, Onieva R, Fuertes D, Sanchez-Gonzalez B, Riera X, Lopez-Segura D, Lome-Maldonado C, Ara-Mancebo X, Yelamos J, Salido M, Vazquez I, Calvo X, Colomo L. Chromogenic LMO2 mRNA ISH Expression Correlates with LMO2 Protein and Gene Expression and Captures Their Survival Impact in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, NOS. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2378. [PMID: 39001439 PMCID: PMC11240605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LMO2 is a relevant gene involved in B-cell ontogeny and a survival predictor of aggressive large B-cell lymphomas (aLBCL). Most studies assessing LMO2 mRNA expression have relied on microarray platforms or qRT-PCR methods, overlooking tissue morphology. In this study, we evaluate LMO2 RNA expression by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) in normal tissue and in a series of 82 aLBCL. METHODS LMO2 CISH was performed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, scored by three different methods, and correlated with a transcriptome panel. RESULTS We obtained statistically significant results correlating the methods of evaluation with LMO2 protein expression and gene expression results. Normal tonsil tissue showed high levels of LMO2, particularly within the light zone of the germinal center. Conversely, in aLBCL, a notable reduction in LMO2 expression was noted, remarkably in cases carrying MYC rearrangements. Furthermore, significant results were obtained through overall survival and Cox regression survival analysis, incorporating International Prognostic Index data alongside LMO2 expression levels. CONCLUSIONS We show a reliable method to identify LMO2 mRNA expression by CISH, effectively capturing many of the reported biologic features of LMO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Papaleo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Consorci Hospitalari Parc Tauli, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Molina-Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Onieva
- Department of Pathology, Consorci Hospitalari Parc Tauli, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Diana Fuertes
- Research Unit Support, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Blanca Sanchez-Gonzalez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xenia Riera
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Lopez-Segura
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Lome-Maldonado
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Ara-Mancebo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Yelamos
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Salido
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivonne Vazquez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Calvo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Colomo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Bantilan KS, Smith AN, Maurer MJ, Teruya-Feldstein J, Matasar MJ, Moskowitz AJ, Straus DJ, Noy A, Palomba ML, Horwitz SM, Hamlin PA, Portlock CS, Cerhan JR, Habermann TM, Salles GA, Nowakowski GS, Moskowitz CH, Zelenetz AD. Matched control analysis suggests that R-CHOP followed by (R)-ICE may improve outcome in non-GCB DLBCL compared with R-CHOP. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2172-2181. [PMID: 38271621 PMCID: PMC11068505 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) is considered the standard-of-care for patients with advanced-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), despite findings that patients with nongerminal center B-cell like (non-GCB) have significantly worse outcome with this regimen. We evaluated the prognostic significance of baseline risk factors, including cell of origin (COO) classified by the Hans algorithm, within an alternative chemoimmunotherapy program. At Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), 151 patients with DLBCL received sequential R-CHOP induction and (R)-ICE (rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide) consolidation. Outcome analysis based on COO was validated with a propensity score-matched cohort treated with R-CHOP from the Mayo Clinic component of the Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER). Among the patients with GCB (n = 69) and non-GCB (n = 69) at MSK, event-free survival (EFS) of non-GCB was superior to that of GCB (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.98). Overall survival (OS) demonstrated an association in the same direction but was not statistically significant (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.33-1.42). Propensity score-matched patients from MSK (n = 108) demonstrated a small attenuation in the HRs for EFS (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.27-1.18) and OS (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.33-1.79) and were no longer statistically significant. In contrast, the matched MER cohort (n = 108) demonstrated an EFS association (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.70-1.95) and OS association (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.64-2.00) in the opposite direction, but were also not statistically significant. R-CHOP induction and (R)-ICE consolidation may overcome the negative prognostic impact of the non-GCB phenotype, per the Hans algorithm, and can be preferentially selected for this population. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT00039195 and #NCT00712582.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt S. Bantilan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J. Matasar
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alison J. Moskowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - David J. Straus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Ariela Noy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - M. Lia Palomba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Steven M. Horwitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Paul A. Hamlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Carol S. Portlock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - James R. Cerhan
- Department of Quantitative Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Gilles A. Salles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | - Craig H. Moskowitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Andrew D. Zelenetz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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3
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Zhong Q, Chen H, Chen D, Qin Y, He X, Yang Y, Yang J, Liu P, Zhou S, Yang S, Zhou Y, Tang L, Chen C, Shi Y. Development and validation of a novel risk stratification model and a survival rate calculator for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era: a multi-institutional cohort study. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:211-226. [PMID: 37861735 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop and validate a novel risk stratification model and a web-based survival rate calculator to improve discriminative and predictive accuracy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the rituximab era. METHODS We retrospectively collected pre-treatment data from 873 primary DLBCL patients who received R-CHOP-based immunochemotherapy regimens at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2018. An independent cohort of 175 DLBCL patients from Fujian Cancer Hospital was used for external validation. FINDINGS Age, ECOG PS, number of extranodal sites, Ann Arbor stage, bulky disease, and LDH levels were screened to develop the nomogram and web-based survival rate calculator. The C-index of the nomogram in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts was 0.761, 0.758, and 0.768, respectively. The risk stratification model generated based on the nomogram effectively stratified patients into three distinct risk groups. K-M survival curves demonstrated that the novel risk stratification model exhibited a superior level of predictive accuracy compared to IPI, R-IPI, and NCCN-IPI both in training and two validation cohorts. Additionally, the area under the curve (AUC) value of the novel model (0.763) for predicting 5-year overall survival rates was higher than those of IPI (0.749), R-IPI (0.725), and NCCN-IPI (0.727) in the training cohort. Similar results were observed in both internal and external validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we have successfully developed and validated a novel risk stratification model and a web-based survival rate calculator that demonstrated superior discriminative and predictive accuracy compared to IPI, R-IPI, and NCCN-IPI in the rituximab era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, 420 Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Medical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haizhu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Daoguang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Jianliang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shengyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Le Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chuanben Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, 420 Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, China.
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
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4
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Chen X, Hu S, Han Y, Cai Y, Lu T, Hu X, Chu Y, Zhou X, Wang X. Ferroptosis-related STEAP3 acts as predictor and regulator in diffuse large B cell lymphoma through immune infiltration. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2601-2617. [PMID: 36682001 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-00996-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a usual-seen hematological malignant tumor possessing molecular and genetic heterogeneity. Ferroptosis induction has been increasingly acknowledged to be an advantageous therapeutic method in tumor treatment by triggering cell death of tumor cells. However, studies on the function of ferroptosis in DLBCL remain scarce, especially the interaction with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). The clinical and biological functions of ferroptosis-related genes in DLBCL were still warranted to be explored. A ferroptosis-related risk model was constructed, followed by functional enrichment analyses and evaluation of immune profile. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were conducted to examine the RNA and protein levels. Dysregulated expression of the major ferroptosis-related genes was found in DLBCL. A prognostic risk model based on 10 ferroptosis-related genes was constructed. The risk score served as an independent prognostic indicator for DLBCL patients in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Patients with low-risk scores presented a more favorable prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that immune-related pathways were significantly enriched, and the high-risk group exhibited less immunocyte infiltration, lower immunoscore, and downregulated PD-L1 expression relative to the low-risk group. Two molecular subtypes were determined through consensus clustering of the expression of ferroptosis-related genes. Cluster 1 was relevant to favorable prognosis, higher immunoscore, and elevated PD-L1 expression. More importantly, STEAP3 was screened as a reliable biomarker for DLBCL, and its enhanced expression levels of mRNA and protein were verified in public databases and clinical specimens. Our study demonstrated the crucial role of ferroptosis-related genes including STEAP3 in the TIME of DLBCL and identified promising novel molecular targets for DLBCL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shunfeng Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yiqing Cai
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Tiange Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xinting Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yurou Chu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
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5
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Sun X, Cao J, Sun P, Yang H, Li H, Ma W, Wu X, He X, Li J, Li Z, Huang J. Pretreatment soluble Siglec-5 protein predicts early progression and R-CHOP efficacy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Biomark Med 2023; 17:143-158. [PMID: 37097021 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To explore the clinical association between soluble Siglec-5/CD163 and clinical feature and prognosis in peripheral blood samples of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Method: Significantly elevated cytokines in peripheral blood were characterized by cytokines array and validated by ELISA. Results: Compared with CD163, Siglec-5 exhibited superiority in discriminating patients into low- and high-risk subgroups based on overall survival and progression-free survival. In addition, Siglec-5 was an indicator of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) treatment efficacy. Conclusion: Siglec-5 may be applied as a reliable independent immune indicator for overall survival and progression-free survival. It may also predict R-CHOP efficacy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit(ICU), State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Jianghua Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit(ICU), State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit(ICU), State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Xianqiu Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Jiajia Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
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6
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Esfahani MS, Hamilton EG, Mehrmohamadi M, Nabet BY, Alig SK, King DA, Steen CB, Macaulay CW, Schultz A, Nesselbush MC, Soo J, Schroers-Martin JG, Chen B, Binkley MS, Stehr H, Chabon JJ, Sworder BJ, Hui ABY, Frank MJ, Moding EJ, Liu CL, Newman AM, Isbell JM, Rudin CM, Li BT, Kurtz DM, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA. Inferring gene expression from cell-free DNA fragmentation profiles. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:585-597. [PMID: 35361996 PMCID: PMC9337986 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream shows promise for noninvasive cancer detection. Chromatin fragmentation features have previously been explored to infer gene expression profiles from cell-free DNA (cfDNA), but current fragmentomic methods require high concentrations of tumor-derived DNA and provide limited resolution. Here we describe promoter fragmentation entropy as an epigenomic cfDNA feature that predicts RNA expression levels at individual genes. We developed 'epigenetic expression inference from cell-free DNA-sequencing' (EPIC-seq), a method that uses targeted sequencing of promoters of genes of interest. Profiling 329 blood samples from 201 patients with cancer and 87 healthy adults, we demonstrate classification of subtypes of lung carcinoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Applying EPIC-seq to serial blood samples from patients treated with PD-(L)1 immune-checkpoint inhibitors, we show that gene expression profiles inferred by EPIC-seq are correlated with clinical response. Our results indicate that EPIC-seq could enable noninvasive, high-throughput tissue-of-origin characterization with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emily G. Hamilton
- Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mahya Mehrmohamadi
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Barzin Y. Nabet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stefan K. Alig
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A. King
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chloé B. Steen
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charles W. Macaulay
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andre Schultz
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Joanne Soo
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph G. Schroers-Martin
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Binbin Chen
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael S. Binkley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henning Stehr
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacob J. Chabon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian J. Sworder
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angela B-Y Hui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Frank
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Everett J. Moding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chih Long Liu
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron M. Newman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James M. Isbell
- Thoracic Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bob T. Li
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M. Kurtz
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Maximilian Diehn or Ash A. Alizadeh, ;
| | - Ash A. Alizadeh
- Divisions of Oncology and of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Maximilian Diehn or Ash A. Alizadeh, ;
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7
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Marino D, Pizzi M, Kotova I, Schmidt R, Schröder C, Guzzardo V, Talli I, Peroni E, Finotto S, Scapinello G, Dei Tos AP, Piazza F, Trentin L, Zagonel V, Piovan E. High ETV6 Levels Support Aggressive B Lymphoma Cell Survival and Predict Poor Outcome in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020338. [PMID: 35053500 PMCID: PMC8774128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of prognostic factors for aggressive B-cell lymphomas still represents an unmet clinical need. We used forward phase protein arrays (FFPA) to identify proteins associated with overall survival (OS) from diagnostic formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients (n = 47). Univariate Cox regression analysis identified numerous proteins, including immune check-point molecules (PDCD1, PDCD2 and PD1L2) and BCL2 to be significantly associated with OS. However, only ETV6 and PIM2 proteins persisted following multivariate Cox analysis. Independent validation studies by immunohistochemistry and analysis of public gene expression profiles of DLBCL confirmed a prognostic role for high ETV6 and ETV6/PIM2 ratios in DLBCL. ETV6 is a recurrently mutated/deleted gene in DLBCL for which its function in this disease entity is currently unknown. We find that ETV6 is upregulated during oncogenic transformation of germinal center B-cells and that it regulates DLBCL survival, as its acute loss results in marked apoptosis. Fluctuations in survivin (BIRC5) expression levels were associated with this phenomenon. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between ETV6 and BIRC5 expression levels was found and correlated with a response to the BIRC5 inhibitor, YM155. In conclusion, we present evidence for an oncogenic function of ETV6 in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Marino
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.M.); (S.F.); (V.Z.)
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.P.); (V.G.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Iuliia Kotova
- Sciomics GmbH, 69151 Neckargemünd, Germany; (I.K.); (R.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Ronny Schmidt
- Sciomics GmbH, 69151 Neckargemünd, Germany; (I.K.); (R.S.); (C.S.)
| | | | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.P.); (V.G.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Ilaria Talli
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Peroni
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Silvia Finotto
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.M.); (S.F.); (V.Z.)
| | - Greta Scapinello
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.S.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.P.); (V.G.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.S.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.S.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.M.); (S.F.); (V.Z.)
| | - Erich Piovan
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(049)-8215895
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8
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Papageorgiou SG, Thomopoulos TP, Katagas I, Bouchla A, Pappa V. Prognostic molecular biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era and their therapeutic implications. Ther Adv Hematol 2021; 12:20406207211013987. [PMID: 34104369 PMCID: PMC8150462 DOI: 10.1177/20406207211013987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents a group of tumors characterized by substantial heterogeneity in terms of their pathological and biological features, a causal factor of their varied clinical outcome. This variation has persisted despite the implementation of rituximab in treatment regimens over the last 20 years. In this context, prognostic biomarkers are of great importance in order to identify high-risk patients that might benefit from treatment intensification or the introduction of novel therapeutic agents. Herein, we review current knowledge on specific immunohistochemical or genetic biomarkers that might be useful in clinical practice. Gene-expression profiling is a tool of special consideration in this effort, as it has enriched our understanding of DLBCL biology and has allowed for the classification of DLBCL by cell-of-origin as well as by more elaborate molecular signatures based on distinct gene-expression profiles. These subgroups might outperform individual biomarkers in terms of prognostication; however, their use in clinical practice is still limited. Moreover, the underappreciated role of the tumor microenvironment in DLBCL prognosis is discussed in terms of prognostic gene-expression signatures, as well as in terms of individual biomarkers of prognostic significance. Finally, the efficacy of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of DLBCL patients are discussed and an evidence-based therapeutic approach by specific genetic subgroup is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios G. Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, University General Hospital ‘Attikon’, 1 Rimini Street, Haidari, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Thomas P. Thomopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, Hematology Unit, University General Hospital, ‘Attikon’, Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Katagas
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, Hematology Unit, University General Hospital, ‘Attikon’, Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthi Bouchla
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, Hematology Unit, University General Hospital, ‘Attikon’, Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Unit, Hematology Unit, University General Hospital, ‘Attikon’, Haidari, Athens, Greece
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9
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Lack of expression of LMO2 clone SP51 identifies MYC rearrangements in aggressive large B-cell lymphomas. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:1073-1078. [PMID: 33811533 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
MYC rearrangements (MYC-R) confer unfavorable prognosis to large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL). Because of the low incidence of such genetic alteration, surrogates to screen MYC-R may be useful in daily practice. Previous studies suggested that clone 1A9-1 of LMO2 loss may be a good predictor for the presence of MYC-R in LBCL. The present study examines the utility of LMO2 clone SP51. For this purpose, we have analyzed 20 Burkitt lymphomas and 325 LBCL. Among them, 245 cases were studied prospectively using whole tissue sections, and 100 retrospectively by tissue microarrays. The cohort of CD10-positive prospective cases achieved the best results. Lack of LMO2 SP51 expression predicted the presence of MYC-R with high specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value (PPV/NPV), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR/NLR). Compared with MYC protein expression, LMO2 SP51 obtained significantly higher specificity, accuracy, PPV, and PLR (94%, 91%, 85%, and 14.33 vs 73%, 77%, 56%, and 3.26, respectively), and similar NPV and NLR (92% and 0.22 vs 95% and 0.12). Compared with LMO2 clone 1A9-1, the sensitivity of LMO2 SP51 was lower (79% vs 89%). We conclude that LMO2 SP51 may be a useful marker to screen MYC-R in CD10-positive LBCL.
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10
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Zhou L, Ding L, Gong Y, Zhao J, Xin G, Zhou R, Zhang W. Identification of hub genes associated with the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtype one characterized by host response via integrated bioinformatic analyses. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10269. [PMID: 33240622 PMCID: PMC7682441 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Host response diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HR DLBCL) shares features of histologically defined T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma, including fewer genetic abnormalities, frequent splenic and bone marrow involvement, and younger age at presentation. HR DLBCL is inherently less responsive to the standard treatment for DLBCL. Moreover, the mechanism of infiltration of HR DLBCL with preexisting abundant T-cells and dendritic cells is unknown, and their associated underlying immune responses incompletely defined. Here, hub genes and pathogenesis associated with HR DLBCL were explored to reveal molecular mechanisms and treatment targets. Methods Differentially expressed genes were identified in three datasets (GSE25638, GSE44337, GSE56315). The expression profile of the genes in the GSE53786 dataset was used to constructed a co-expression network. Protein-protein interactions analysis in the modules of interest identified candidate hub genes. Then screening of real hub genes was carried out by survival analysis within the GSE53786 and GSE10846 datasets. Expression of hub genes was validated in the Gene expression profiling interactive analysis, Oncomine databases and human tissue specimens. Functional enrichment analysis and Gene set enrichment analysis were utilized to investigate the potential mechanisms. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to mine the association of the hub gene with tumor immunity, potential upstream regulators were predicted using bioinformatics tools. Results A total of 274 common differentially expressed genes were identified. Within the key module, we identified CXCL10 as a real hub gene. The validation of upregulated expression level of CXCL10 was consistent with our study. CXCL10 might have a regulatory effect on tumor immunity. The predicted miRNA (hsa-mir-6849-3p) and transcription factor (IRF9) might regulate gene expression in the hub module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liya Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqi Gong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gong Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Gao HX, Wang MB, Li SJ, Niu J, Xue J, Li J, Li XX. Identification of Hub Genes and Key Pathways Associated with Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:885-899. [PMID: 32980897 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a very aggressive and heterogeneous hematological malignancy and has no effective targeted therapy. The molecular pathogenesis of PTCL remains unknown. In this study, we chose the gene expression profile of GSE6338 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify hub genes and key pathways and explore possible molecular pathogenesis of PTCL by bioinformatic analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PTCL and normal T cells were selected using GEO2R tool. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Moreover, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) were utilized to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and perform module analysis of these DEGs. A total of 518 DEGs were identified, including 413 down-regulated and 105 up-regulated genes. The down-regulated genes were enriched in osteoclast differentiation, Chagas disease and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The up-regulated genes were mainly associated with extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, focal adhesion and pertussis. Four important modules were detected from the PPI network by using MCODE software. Fifteen hub genes with a high degree of connectivity were selected. Our study identified DEGs, hub genes and pathways associated with PTCL by bioinformatic analysis. Results provide a basis for further study on the pathogenesis of PTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.,Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Meng-Bo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Si-Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jing Niu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Xin-Xia Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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12
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Vazquez I, Papaleo N, Garcia E, Salido M, Salar A, Hernandez S, Calvo X, Colomo L. Clinical Interest of LMO2 Testing for the Diagnosis of Aggressive Large B-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E884. [PMID: 32260556 PMCID: PMC7226002 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC rearrangements usually confer aggressive biological behavior to large B-cell lymphomas. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relevance of LMO2 detection to the clinical approach to these tumors. First, the ability of LMO2 loss of expression to recognize the presence of MYC rearrangements was evaluated. A series of 365 samples obtained from 351 patients, including 28 Burkitt lymphoma, 230 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 30 high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2/BCL6 rearrangements, eight high-grade B-cell lymphoma-NOS, 43 transformed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and 26 high-grade follicular lymphomas was analyzed. Among the CD10-positive tumors prospectively analyzed in whole tissue sections, LMO2 negative expression obtained values of 88% sensitivity, 94% specificity, and 93% accuracy, proving the utility of LMO2 to screen MYC rearrangements. In addition, survival analyses were performed in a series of 155 patients. As per univariate analyses, the prognosis relevance of LMO2 was as useful as that of the diagnostic categories, MYC rearrangements, and MYC immunohistochemistry. Multivariate models revealed that both LMO2 (hazard ratio 0.51 p = 0.02) and IPI (hazard ratio 1.67 p < 0.005) were independent variables predicting overall survival. Finally, MYC and LMO2 mRNA expression were analyzed in a small group of cases. Taken together, these findings show the interest of LMO2 testing in large B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Vazquez
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, Hospital del Mar, Institute of Investigacions Mediques-IMIM, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (I.V.); (N.P.); (M.S.); (X.C.)
| | - Natalia Papaleo
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, Hospital del Mar, Institute of Investigacions Mediques-IMIM, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (I.V.); (N.P.); (M.S.); (X.C.)
| | - Eugenia Garcia
- Department of Pathology-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Salido
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, Hospital del Mar, Institute of Investigacions Mediques-IMIM, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (I.V.); (N.P.); (M.S.); (X.C.)
| | - Antonio Salar
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, Institute of Investigacions Mediques-IMIM, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Silvia Hernandez
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Xavier Calvo
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, Hospital del Mar, Institute of Investigacions Mediques-IMIM, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (I.V.); (N.P.); (M.S.); (X.C.)
| | - Luis Colomo
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, Hospital del Mar, Institute of Investigacions Mediques-IMIM, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (I.V.); (N.P.); (M.S.); (X.C.)
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
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13
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Parvin S, Ramirez-Labrada A, Aumann S, Lu X, Weich N, Santiago G, Cortizas EM, Sharabi E, Zhang Y, Sanchez-Garcia I, Gentles AJ, Roberts E, Bilbao-Cortes D, Vega F, Chapman JR, Verdun RE, Lossos IS. LMO2 Confers Synthetic Lethality to PARP Inhibition in DLBCL. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:237-249.e6. [PMID: 31447348 PMCID: PMC6752209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair mechanisms has been widely exploited for the treatment of different malignances, including homologous recombination (HR)-deficient breast and ovarian cancers. Here we demonstrate that diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) expressing LMO2 protein are functionally deficient in HR-mediated DSB repair. Mechanistically, LMO2 inhibits BRCA1 recruitment to DSBs by interacting with 53BP1 during repair. Similar to BRCA1-deficient cells, LMO2-positive DLBCLs and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells exhibit a high sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Furthermore, chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors synergize to inhibit the growth of LMO2-positive tumors. Together, our results reveal that LMO2 expression predicts HR deficiency and the potential therapeutic use of PARP inhibitors in DLBCL and T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Parvin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ariel Ramirez-Labrada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shlomzion Aumann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - XiaoQing Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalia Weich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gabriel Santiago
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Elena M Cortizas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eden Sharabi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Isidro Sanchez-Garcia
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/ Universidad de Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Departments of Medicine, and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Evan Roberts
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Francisco Vega
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer R Chapman
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ramiro E Verdun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Izidore S Lossos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Avenue/1475 NW 12th Avenue (D8-4), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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14
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Intratumoral FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 25:534-542. [PMID: 26862953 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Egypt and worldwide. Gene expression profiling classifies DLBCL into: germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and non germinal center B cell-like (non-GCB) DLBCL. Hans' algorithm has high concordance with gene expression profiling results. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent important modulators for the interaction between lymphoma cells and host microenvironment. FOXP3 is a popular single marker for Tregs. There is little information about the possible role of Tregs in high-grade lymphoma such as DLBCL. This study aims to assess the prognostic impact of FOXP3+ Tregs in DLBCL. The study was carried out on 70 archival cases (61 de novo DLBCL and 9 reactive follicular hyperplasia cases). DLBCL cases were classified into GCB and non-GCB groups using Hans' algorithm. All studied cases are subjected to FOXP3 immunostaining. Density of FOXP3+ Tregs was higher in reactive cases compared with DLBCL (P=0.000). In DLBCL cases, FOXP3 expression was associated with free spleen (P=0.02), early stage (P=0.05), centroblastic variant (P=0.003), and absence of necrosis (P=0.05). In germinal cases, density of FOXP3 was significantly higher in cases with good PS (P=0.02), very good and good revised international prognostic index (P=0.002), and low-risk age-adjusted international prognostic index >60 (P=0.01). Non germinal DLBCL cases with negative FOXP3 were significantly associated with splenic involvement (P=0.005). DLBCL cases with high FOXP3 have longer survival (P=0.03). T cells in the background of DLBCL may play a role in modulation of tumor progression. Their presence is associated with favorable prognostic parameters in DLBCL.
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15
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Wang J, Zhou M, Zhang QG, Xu J, Lin T, Zhou RF, Li J, Yang YG, Chen B, Ouyang J. Prognostic value of expression of nuclear factor kappa-B/p65 in non-GCB DLBCL patients. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9708-9716. [PMID: 28039454 PMCID: PMC5354765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We estimated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B/p65 in non-germinal center B-cell-like subtype diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, to investigate its relationship to clinicopathological features, and to further evaluate its prognostic value and clarify its impact on survival. Results Among the 49 patients enrolled in this study, 14 (28.6%) had positive p65 expression. The negative p65 group had significantly better survival compared to the positive p65 group in terms of both the 3-year estimated OS (91.2% vs. 39.3%, p = 0.003) and PFS (75.6% vs. 26.5%, p = 0.002). In patients with 4 or more risk factors, p65 was an independent prognostic factor of OS (HR 5.99, 95%CI=1.39-25.75, p=0.016) and PFS (HR 4.01, 95%CI=1.15-14.00, p=0.029). Materials and Methods The expression of the NF-κB/p65 protein was deteremined by immunohistochemistry in 49 non-GCB DLBCL. Survival was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox multivariate analysis. The median patient follow-up period was 24 months. Conclusions The expression of NF-κB/p65 has prognostic value in high risk non-GCB DLBCL, and it is a suitable target for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qi-Guo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jingyan Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rong-Fu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yong-Gong Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
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16
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Amin AD, Peters TL, Li L, Rajan SS, Choudhari R, Puvvada SD, Schatz JH. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: can genomics improve treatment options for a curable cancer? Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:a001719. [PMID: 28487884 PMCID: PMC5411687 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-expression profiling and next-generation sequencing have defined diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoma diagnosis, as a heterogeneous group of subentities. Despite ongoing explosions of data illuminating disparate pathogenic mechanisms, however, the five-drug chemoimmunotherapy combination R-CHOP remains the frontline standard treatment. This has not changed in 15 years, since the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab was added to the CHOP backbone, which first entered use in the 1970s. At least a third of patients are not cured by R-CHOP, and relapsed or refractory DLBCL is fatal in ∼90%. Targeted small-molecule inhibitors against distinct molecular pathways activated in different subgroups of DLBCL have so far translated poorly into the clinic, justifying the ongoing reliance on R-CHOP and other long-established chemotherapy-driven combinations. New drugs and improved identification of biomarkers in real time, however, show potential to change the situation eventually, despite some recent setbacks. Here, we review established and putative molecular drivers of DLBCL identified through large-scale genomics, highlighting among other things the care that must be taken when differentiating drivers from passengers, which is influenced by the promiscuity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Furthermore, we discuss why, despite having so much genomic data available, it has been difficult to move toward personalized medicine for this umbrella disorder and some steps that may be taken to hasten the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dipak Amin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Tara L Peters
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Soumya Sundara Rajan
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Ramesh Choudhari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Soham D Puvvada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
| | - Jonathan H Schatz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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17
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Leonard JP, Kolibaba KS, Reeves JA, Tulpule A, Flinn IW, Kolevska T, Robles R, Flowers CR, Collins R, DiBella NJ, Papish SW, Venugopal P, Horodner A, Tabatabai A, Hajdenberg J, Park J, Neuwirth R, Mulligan G, Suryanarayan K, Esseltine DL, de Vos S. Randomized Phase II Study of R-CHOP With or Without Bortezomib in Previously Untreated Patients With Non-Germinal Center B-Cell-Like Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:3538-3546. [PMID: 28862883 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.73.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the impact of the addition of bortezomib to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) on outcomes in previously untreated patients with non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Patients and Methods After real-time determination of non-GCB DLBCL using the Hans immunohistochemistry algorithm, 206 patients were randomly assigned (1:1; stratified by International Prognostic Index [IPI] score) to six 21-day cycles of standard R-CHOP alone or R-CHOP plus bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 4 (VR-CHOP). The primary end point, progression-free survival (PFS), was evaluated in 183 patients with centrally confirmed non-GCB DLBCL who received one or more doses of study drug (91 R-CHOP, 92 VR-CHOP). Results After a median follow-up of 34 months, with 25% (R-CHOP) and 18% (VR-CHOP) of patients having had PFS events, the hazard ratio (HR) for PFS was 0.73 (90% CI, 0.43 to 1.24) with VR-CHOP ( P = .611). Two-year PFS rates were 77.6% with R-CHOP and 82.0% with VR-CHOP; they were 65.1% versus 72.4% in patients with high-intermediate/high IPI (HR, 0.67; 90% CI, 0.34 to 1.29), and 90.0% versus 88.9% (HR, 0.85; 90% CI, 0.35 to 2.10) in patients with low/low-intermediate IPI. Overall response rate with R-CHOP and VR-CHOP was 98% and 96%, respectively. The overall survival HR was 0.75 (90% CI, 0.38 to 1.45); 2-year survival rates were 88.4% and 93.0%, respectively. In the safety population (100 R-CHOP and 101 VR-CHOP patients), grade ≥ 3 adverse events included neutropenia (53% v 49%), thrombocytopenia (13% v 29%), anemia (7% v 15%), leukopenia (26% v 25%), and neuropathy (1% v 5%). Conclusion Outcomes for newly diagnosed, prospectively enrolled patients with non-GCB DLBCL were more favorable than expected with R-CHOP and were not significantly improved by adding bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Leonard
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kathryn S Kolibaba
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - James A Reeves
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Anil Tulpule
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ian W Flinn
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Tatjana Kolevska
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Robert Robles
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Robert Collins
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Nicholas J DiBella
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Steven W Papish
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Parameswaran Venugopal
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Andrew Horodner
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Amir Tabatabai
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Julio Hajdenberg
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jaehong Park
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Rachel Neuwirth
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - George Mulligan
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kaveri Suryanarayan
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Dixie-Lee Esseltine
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sven de Vos
- John P. Leonard, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Kathryn S. Kolibaba, Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA; Kathryn S. Kolibaba and Nicholas J. DiBella, US Oncology Research, The Woodlands; Robert Collins, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; James A. Reeves, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers; Julio Hajdenberg, University of Florida Health Cancer Center at Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Anil Tulpule, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California; Sven de Vos, University of California at Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; Tatjana Kolevska, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Northern California, Vallejo; Robert Robles, Bay Area Cancer Research Group (Diablo Valley Medical Group), Pleasant Hill; Andrew Horodner, Cancer Care Associates Medical Group, Redondo Beach, CA; Ian W. Flinn, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Christopher R. Flowers, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Nicholas J. DiBella, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Aurora, CO; Steven W. Papish, Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ; Parameswaran Venugopal, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Amir Tabatabai, York Cancer Center/Cancer Care Associates of York, York, PA; and Jaehong Park, Rachel Neuwirth, George Mulligan, Kaveri Suryanarayan, and Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA
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18
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Batlle-López A, González de Villambrosía S, Francisco M, Malatxeberria S, Sáez A, Montalban C, Sánchez L, Garcia J, González-Barca E, López-Hernández A, Ruiz-Marcellan MC, Mollejo M, Grande C, Richards KL, Hsi ED, Tzankov A, Visco C, Xu-Monette ZY, Cao X, Young KH, Piris MÁ, Conde E, Montes-Moreno S. Stratifying diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy: GCB/non-GCB by immunohistochemistry is still a robust and feasible marker. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18036-49. [PMID: 26910115 PMCID: PMC4951269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive lymphomas that can be classified into three molecular subtypes by gene expression profiling (GEP): GCB, ABC and unclassified. Immunohistochemistry-based cell of origin (COO) classification, as a surrogate for GEP, using three available immunohistochemical algorithms was evaluated in TMA-arranged tissue samples from 297 patients with de novo DLBCL treated by chemoimmunotherapy (R-CHOP and R-CHOP-like regimens). Additionally, the prognostic impacts of MYC, BCL2, IRF4 and BCL6 abnormalities detected by FISH, the relationship between the immunohistochemical COO classification and the immunohistochemical expression of MYC, BCL2 and pSTAT3 proteins and clinical data were evaluated. In our series, non-GCB DLBCL patients had significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), as calculated using the Choi, Visco-Young and Hans algorithms, indicating that any of these algorithms would be appropriate for identifying patients who require alternative therapies to R-CHOP. Whilst MYC abnormalities had no impact on clinical outcome in the non-GCB subtype, those patients with isolated MYC rearrangements and a GCB-DLBCL phenotype had worse PFS and therefore might benefit from novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Batlle-López
- Departments of Haematology and Pathology, Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Mazorra Francisco
- Departments of Haematology and Pathology, Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Sefora Malatxeberria
- Departments of Haematology and Pathology, Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Anabel Sáez
- Biobanco del Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Lydia Sánchez
- Biotechnology Programme, Histology and Immunohistochemistry Core Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Garcia
- Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva González-Barca
- Department of Haematology, Hospital de Bellvitge (ICOIRO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M C Ruiz-Marcellan
- Departments of Pathology and Haematology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Kristy L Richards
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric D Hsi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Carlo Visco
- Department of Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Piris
- Departments of Haematology and Pathology, Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Eulogio Conde
- Departments of Haematology and Pathology, Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Santiago Montes-Moreno
- Departments of Haematology and Pathology, Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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19
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Tekin N, Omidvar N, Morris TP, Conget P, Bruna F, Timar B, Gagyi E, Basak R, Naik O, Auewarakul C, Sritana N, Levy D, Cerci JJ, Bydlowski SP, Pereira J, Dimamay MP, Natividad F, Chung JK, Belder N, Kuzu I, Paez D, Dondi M, Carr R, Ozdag H, Padua RA. Protocol for qRT-PCR analysis from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections from diffuse large b-cell lymphoma: Validation of the six-gene predictor score. Oncotarget 2016; 7:83319-83329. [PMID: 27825111 PMCID: PMC5347772 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a part of an international study on the molecular analysis of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), a robust protocol for gene expression analysis from RNA extraction to qRT-PCR using Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded tissues was developed. Here a study was conducted to define a strategy to validate the previously reported 6-gene (LMO2, BCL6, FN1, CCND2, SCYA3 and BCL2) model as predictor of prognosis in DLBCL. To avoid variation, all samples were tested in a single centre and single platform. This study comprised 8 countries (Brazil, Chile, Hungary, India, Philippines, S. Korea, Thailand and Turkey). Using the Kaplan-Meier and log rank test on patients (n=162) and two mortality risk groups (with those above and below the mean representing high and low risk groups) confirmed that the 6-gene predictor score correlates significantly with overall survival (OS, p<0.01) but not with event free survival (EFS, p=0.18). Adding the International Prognostic Index (IPI) shows that the 6-gene predictor score correlates significantly with high IPI scores for OS (p<0.05), whereas those with low IPI scores show a trend not reaching significance (p=0.08). This study defined an effective and economical qRT-PCR strategy and validated the 6-gene score as a predictor of OS in an international setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun Tekin
- Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nader Omidvar
- Department of Hematology, University of Cardiff School of Medicine, UK
| | - Tim Peter Morris
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit at University College (UCL), London, UK
| | - Paulette Conget
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavia Bruna
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago, Chile
| | - Botond Timar
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Gagyi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ranjan Basak
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Omkar Naik
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Chirayu Auewarakul
- Chulabhorn Cancer Centre and Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narongrit Sritana
- Chulabhorn Cancer Centre and Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Debora Levy
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Julio Cerci
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Quanta - Diagnóstico e Terapia, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sergio Paulo Bydlowski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Mark Pierre Dimamay
- Research and Biotechnology Division, St Luke's Medical Centre, Manila, Philippines
| | - Filipinas Natividad
- Research and Biotechnology Division, St Luke's Medical Centre, Manila, Philippines
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nevin Belder
- Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isinsu Kuzu
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Diana Paez
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Application, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maurizio Dondi
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Application, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Carr
- Department of Haematology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, King's College, London, UK
| | - Hilal Ozdag
- Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rose Ann Padua
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1131, Université Paris-Diderot, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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20
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Carr R, Ozdag H, Tekin N, Morris T, Conget P, Bruna F, Timar B, Gagyi E, Basak R, Naik O, Auewarakul C, Srithana N, Dimamay MP, Natividad F, Chung JK, Belder N, Kuzu I, Omidvar N, Paez D, Padua RA. The effect of biological heterogeneity on R-CHOP treatment outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma across five international regions. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1178-1183. [PMID: 27724056 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1231308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Addressing the global burden of cancer, understanding its diverse biology, and promoting appropriate prevention and treatment strategies around the world has become a priority for the United Nations and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the WHO, and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The IAEA sponsored an international prospective cohort study to better understand biology, treatment response, and outcomes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in low and middle-income countries across five UN-defined geographical regions. We report an analysis of biological variation in DLBCL across seven ethnic and environmentally diverse populations. In this cohort of 136 patients treated to a common protocol, we demonstrate significant biological differences between countries, characterized by a validated prognostic gene expression score (p < .0001), but International Prognostic Index (IPI)-adjusted survivals in all participating countries were similar. We conclude that DLBCL treatment outcomes in these populations can be benchmarked to international standards, despite biological heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Carr
- a Department of Haematology , Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College , London , UK
| | - Hilal Ozdag
- b Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nilgun Tekin
- b Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Timothy Morris
- c Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit , University College London , London , UK
| | - Paulette Conget
- d Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
| | - Flavia Bruna
- d Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
| | - Botond Timar
- e 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Eva Gagyi
- e 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Ranjan Basak
- f Department of Medical Oncology and Pathology , Tata Memorial Hospital , Mumbai , India
| | - Omkar Naik
- f Department of Medical Oncology and Pathology , Tata Memorial Hospital , Mumbai , India
| | | | | | - Mark Pierre Dimamay
- h Research and Biology Division , St. Luke's Medical Centre , Manila , Philippines
| | - Filipinas Natividad
- h Research and Biology Division , St. Luke's Medical Centre , Manila , Philippines
| | - June-Key Chung
- i Oncology Clinic , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Nevin Belder
- b Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Isinsu Kuzu
- j Department of Pathology , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nader Omidvar
- k Department of Haematology , University of Cardiff , Cardiff , UK
| | - Diana Paez
- l Nuclear Medicine Section, International Atomic Energy Agency , Vienna , Austria
| | - Rose Ann Padua
- m INSERM 1131 , University Paris-Diderot, Hôpital Saint-Louis , Paris , France
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21
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Falgreen S, Ellern Bilgrau A, Brøndum RF, Hjort Jakobsen L, Have J, Lindblad Nielsen K, El-Galaly TC, Bødker JS, Schmitz A, H. Young K, Johnsen HE, Dybkær K, Bøgsted M. hemaClass.org: Online One-By-One Microarray Normalization and Classification of Hematological Cancers for Precision Medicine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163711. [PMID: 27701436 PMCID: PMC5049784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dozens of omics based cancer classification systems have been introduced with prognostic, diagnostic, and predictive capabilities. However, they often employ complex algorithms and are only applicable on whole cohorts of patients, making them difficult to apply in a personalized clinical setting. Results This prompted us to create hemaClass.org, an online web application providing an easy interface to one-by-one RMA normalization of microarrays and subsequent risk classifications of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into cell-of-origin and chemotherapeutic sensitivity classes. Classification results for one-by-one array pre-processing with and without a laboratory specific RMA reference dataset were compared to cohort based classifiers in 4 publicly available datasets. Classifications showed high agreement between one-by-one and whole cohort pre-processsed data when a laboratory specific reference set was supplied. The website is essentially the R-package hemaClass accompanied by a Shiny web application. The well-documented package can be used to run the website locally or to use the developed methods programmatically. Conclusions The website and R-package is relevant for biological and clinical lymphoma researchers using affymetrix U-133 Plus 2 arrays, as it provides reliable and swift methods for calculation of disease subclasses. The proposed one-by-one pre-processing method is relevant for all researchers using microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Falgreen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Ellern Bilgrau
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Lasse Hjort Jakobsen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jonas Have
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kasper Lindblad Nielsen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Julie Støve Bødker
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alexander Schmitz
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ken H. Young
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Hans Erik Johnsen
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karen Dybkær
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Bøgsted
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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22
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Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive disease with considerable heterogeneity reflected in the 2008 World Health Organization classification. In recent years, genome-wide assessment of genetic and epigenetic alterations has shed light upon distinct molecular subsets linked to dysregulation of specific genes or pathways. Besides fostering our knowledge regarding the molecular complexity of DLBCL types, these studies have unraveled previously unappreciated genetic lesions, which may be exploited for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Following the last World Health Organization classification, we have witnessed the emergence of new variants of specific DLBCL entities, such as CD30 DLBCL, human immunodeficiency virus-related and age-related variants of plasmablastic lymphoma, and EBV DLBCL arising in young patients. In this review, we will present an update on the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of DLBCL incorporating recently gained information with respect to their pathobiology and prognosis. We will emphasize the distinctive features of newly described or emerging variants and highlight advances in our understanding of entities presenting a diagnostic challenge, such as T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lmphoma and unclassifiable large B-cell lymphomas. Furthermore, we will discuss recent advances in the genomic characterization of DLBCL, as they may relate to prognostication and tailored therapeutic intervention. The information presented in this review derives from English language publications appearing in PubMed throughout December 2015. For a complete outline of this paper, please visit: http://links.lww.com/PAP/A12.
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23
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Green TM, Jensen AK, Holst R, Falgreen S, Bøgsted M, de Stricker K, Plesner T, Mourits-Andersen T, Frederiksen M, Johnsen HE, Pedersen LM, Møller MB. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based prognostic models in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with R-CHOP. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:876-86. [PMID: 27196819 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a multiplex analysis for genes known to have prognostic value in an attempt to design a clinically useful classification model in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure transcript levels of 28 relevant genes in 194 de novo DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). Including International Prognostic Index (IPI) as a variable in a penalized Cox regression, we investigated the association with disease progression for single genes or gene combinations in four models. The best model was validated in data from an online available R-CHOP treated cohort. With progression-free survival (PFS) as primary endpoint, the best performing IPI independent model incorporated the LMO2 and HLADQA1 as well as gene interactions for GCSAMxMIB1, GCSAMxCTGF and FOXP1xPDE4B. This model assigned 33% of patients (n = 60) to poor outcome with an estimated 3-year PFS of 40% vs. 87% for low risk (n = 61) and intermediate (n = 60) risk groups (P < 0·001). However, a simpler, IPI independent model incorporated LMO2 and BCL2 and assigned 33% of the patients with a 3-year PFS of 35% vs. 82% for low risk group (P < 0·001). We have documented the impact of a few single genes added to IPI for assignment in new drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M Green
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andreas K Jensen
- Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Holst
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steffen Falgreen
- Department of Haematology, Clinical Cancer Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Bøgsted
- Department of Haematology, Clinical Cancer Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karin de Stricker
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Plesner
- Department of Haematology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Mikael Frederiksen
- Department of Haematology, Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Hans E Johnsen
- Department of Haematology, Clinical Cancer Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars M Pedersen
- Department of Haematology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael B Møller
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Zlamalikova L, Moulis M, Salek D, Jarkovsky J, Smarda J, Smardova J. Expression of D-type cyclins in mantle cell and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2673-80. [PMID: 26985765 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
D-type cyclins are involved in cell cycle regulation and play an important role in the pathogenesis of lymphomas. Aberrant expression of cyclin D1 is associated with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and serves as a diagnostic marker of MCL. Analysis of cyclin D expression in tumor tissues of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) which comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors may contribute to their stratification. We analyzed expression of cyclin D1, D2, and D3 mRNAs in 30 MCL and 104 DLBCL patients using qRT-PCR and addressed their significance for disease outcome. We confirmed a high level of cyclin D1 mRNA in 29 MCL cases (97%). One case (3%) was identified as positive for cyclin D2. Expression of cyclin D1 was limited to MCL and did not occur in DLBCL. Overexpression of cyclin D2, which is rare in MCL, occurred more frequently in DLBCL (11 cases, 10.6%). We showed that high expression of cyclin D2 in DLBCL cases de novo decreased the overall survival rate (P=0.016) and progression-free survival (P=0.009). The expression pattern of cyclin D3 was similar in both types of studied lymphomas and it did not affect the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Zlamalikova
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmir Moulis
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Salek
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Jarkovsky
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Smarda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Smardova
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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IDH2R172 mutations define a unique subgroup of patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2015; 126:1741-52. [PMID: 26268241 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-05-644591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a common subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) with a poor prognosis. We performed targeted resequencing on 92 cases of PTCL and identified frequent mutations affecting RHOA, TET2, DNMT3A, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2). Although IDH2 mutations are largely confined to AITL, mutations of the other 3 can be found in other types of PTCL, although at lower frequencies. These findings indicate a key role of epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of AITL. However, the epigenetic alterations induced by these mutations and their role in AITL pathogenesis are still largely unknown. We correlated mutational status with gene expression and global DNA methylation changes in AITL. Strikingly, AITL cases with IDH2(R172) mutations demonstrated a distinct gene expression signature characterized by downregulation of genes associated with TH1 differentiation (eg, STAT1 and IFNG) and a striking enrichment of an interleukin 12-induced gene signature. Ectopic expression of IDH2(R172K) in the Jurkat cell line and CD4(+) T cells led to markedly increased levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate, histone-3 lysine methylation, and 5-methylcytosine and a decrease of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Correspondingly, clinical samples with IDH2 mutations displayed a prominent increase in H3K27me3 and DNA hypermethylation of gene promoters. Integrative analysis of gene expression and promoter methylation revealed recurrently hypermethylated genes involved in T-cell receptor signaling and T-cell differentiation that likely contribute to lymphomagenesis in AITL.
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Frontline rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone with bortezomib (VR-CAP) or vincristine (R-CHOP) for non-GCB DLBCL. Blood 2015; 126:1893-901. [PMID: 26232170 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-632430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This phase 2 study evaluated whether substituting bortezomib for vincristine in frontline rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy could improve efficacy in non-germinal center B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (non-GCB DLBCL), centrally confirmed by immunohistochemistry (Hans method). In total, 164 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive six 21-day cycles of rituximab 375 mg/m(2), cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m(2), and doxorubicin 50 mg/m(2), all IV day 1, prednisone 100 mg/m(2) orally days 1-5, plus either bortezomib 1.3 mg/m(2) IV days 1, 4, 8, 11 (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone with bortezomib [VR-CAP]; n = 84) or vincristine 1.4 mg/m(2) (maximum 2 mg) IV day 1 (R-CHOP; n = 80). There were no significant differences between VR-CAP and R-CHOP in complete response rate (64.5%, 66.2%; odds ratio [OR], 0.91; P = .80), overall response rate (93.4%, 98.6%; OR, 0.21; P = .11), progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.12; P = .76), or overall survival (HR, 0.89; P = .75). Rates of grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs; 88%, 89%), serious AEs (38%, 34%), discontinuations due to AEs (7%, 3%), and deaths due to AEs (2%, 5%) were similar with VR-CAP and R-CHOP. Grade ≥3 peripheral neuropathy rates were 6% and 3%, respectively. VR-CAP did not improve efficacy vs R-CHOP in non-GCB DLBCL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01040871.
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SILAC-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2015; 2015:841769. [PMID: 26060582 PMCID: PMC4427854 DOI: 10.1155/2015/841769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoma, is a heterogeneous disease where the outcome for patients with early relapse or refractory disease is very poor, even in the era of immunochemotherapy. In order to describe possible differences in global protein expression and network patterns, we performed a SILAC-based shotgun (LC-MS/MS) quantitative proteomic analysis in fresh-frozen tumor tissue from two groups of DLBCL patients with totally different clinical outcome: (i) early relapsed or refractory and (ii) long-term progression-free patients. We could identify over 3,500 proteins; more than 1,300 were quantified in all patients and 87 were significantly differentially expressed. By functional annotation analysis on the 66 proteins overexpressed in the progression-free patient group, we found an enrichment of proteins involved in the regulation and organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Also, five proteins from actin cytoskeleton regulation, applied in a supervised regression analysis, could discriminate the two patient groups. In conclusion, SILAC-based shotgun quantitative proteomic analysis appears to be a powerful tool to explore the proteome in DLBCL tumor tissue. Also, as progression-free patients had a higher expression of proteins involved in the actin cytoskeleton protein network, such a pattern indicates a functional role in the sustained response to immunochemotherapy.
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28
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Xue X, Zeng N, Gao Z, Du MQ. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: sub-classification by massive parallel quantitative RT-PCR. J Transl Med 2015; 95:113-20. [PMID: 25418578 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous entity with remarkably variable clinical outcome. Gene expression profiling (GEP) classifies DLBCL into activated B-cell like (ABC), germinal center B-cell like (GCB), and Type-III subtypes, with ABC-DLBCL characterized by a poor prognosis and constitutive NF-κB activation. A major challenge for the application of this cell of origin (COO) classification in routine clinical practice is to establish a robust clinical assay amenable to routine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) diagnostic biopsies. In this study, we investigated the possibility of COO-classification using FFPE tissue RNA samples by massive parallel quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). We established a protocol for parallel qRT-PCR using FFPE RNA samples with the Fluidigm BioMark HD system, and quantified the expression of the COO classifier genes and the NF-κB targeted-genes that characterize ABC-DLBCL in 143 cases of DLBCL. We also trained and validated a series of basic machine-learning classifiers and their derived meta classifiers, and identified SimpleLogistic as the top classifier that gave excellent performance across various GEP data sets derived from fresh-frozen or FFPE tissues by different microarray platforms. Finally, we applied SimpleLogistic to our data set generated by qRT-PCR, and the ABC and GCB-DLBCL assigned showed the respective characteristics in their clinical outcome and NF-κB target gene expression. The methodology established in this study provides a robust approach for DLBCL sub-classification using routine FFPE diagnostic biopsies in a routine clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Xue
- 1] Department of Pathology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naiyan Zeng
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zifen Gao
- Department of Pathology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Chastain EC, Duncavage EJ. Clinical Prognostic Biomarkers in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 139:602-7. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0086-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are 2 of the most common B-cell lymphomas in adults. Both diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia share heterogeneous outcomes, and the use of prognostic biomarkers to better stratify risk in these patients has now become commonplace.
Objective
To review chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma biomarkers commonly used in the clinical laboratory, which can be divided into the following 3 main groups by testing methodology: chromosomal based (including fluorescence in situ hybridization and cytogenetics), expression based (including immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry), and DNA based (including gene sequencing for somatic mutations and IGVH mutational status).
Data Sources
Review of recent literature.
Conclusions
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, important biomarkers include expression of CD38 and ZAP-70, IGVH mutational status, somatic mutations in TP53 and NOTCH1, and abnormalities in chromosomes 11, 12, 13q, and 17. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, important biomarkers include chromosomal rearrangement of BCL2, BCL6, and MYC and expression of CD5, BCL2, and CD43, as well as somatic mutations in TP53 and BCL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Chastain
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric J. Duncavage
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
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Song G, Gu L, Li J, Tang Z, Liu H, Chen B, Sun X, He B, Pan Y, Wang S, Cho WC. Serum microRNA expression profiling predict response to R-CHOP treatment in diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:1735-43. [PMID: 24858372 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stably expressed in serum, which could serve as great potential prognostic biomarkers in a variety of diseases, including various cancers. We analyzed the miRNA expression profiles to investigate the role of serum miRNA in predicting response to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) treatment in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. The present study proceeded through three phases. In the discovery phase, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based miRNA profiling was used to test the difference in levels of serum miRNAs between 20 patients with complete remission after 6 cycles of R-CHOP treatment and 20 patients with primary refractory disease matched by age, sex, and stage. After the marker selection phase, the selected serum miRNAs were validated in 133 patients using the quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR assays during the validation phases. Fifteen serum miRNAs were found to be altered more than 10-fold by real-time PCR-based miRNA profiling between the complete remission and primary refractory groups. The levels of five miRNAs (miR-224, miR-455-3p, miR-1236, miR-33a, and miR-520d-3p) were significantly associated with response to R-CHOP treatment in DLBCL patients. The five-miRNA signature was also a significant predictor of response independent from the International Prognostic Index score. The expression levels of these five serum miRNAs may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers to predict the clinical outcome of DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
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31
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Nobili S, Napoli C, Puccini B, Landini I, Perrone G, Brugia M, Benelli G, Doria M, Martelli M, Finolezzi E, Di Rocco A, Del Fava E, Rigacci L, Di Lollo S, Bosi A, Mini E. Identification of pharmacogenomic markers of clinical efficacy in a dose-dense therapy regimen (R-CHOP14) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2071-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.866665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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32
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Bertolo C, Roa S, Sagardoy A, Mena-Varas M, Robles EF, Martinez-Ferrandis JI, Sagaert X, Tousseyn T, Orta A, Lossos IS, Amar S, Natkunam Y, Briones J, Melnick A, Malumbres R, Martinez-Climent JA. LITAF, a BCL6 target gene, regulates autophagy in mature B-cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:621-30. [PMID: 23795761 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that LITAF is silenced by promoter hypermethylation in germinal centre-derived B-cell lymphomas, but beyond these data the regulation and function of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF) factor (LITAF) in B cells are unknown. Gene expression and immunohistochemical studies revealed that LITAF and BCL6 show opposite expression in tonsil B-cell subpopulations and B-cell lymphomas, suggesting that BCL6 may regulate LITAF expression. Accordingly, BCL6 silencing increased LITAF expression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated a direct transcriptional repression of LITAF by BCL6. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in different B-cell lymphoma cell lines revealed that, in contrast to its function in monocytes, LITAF does not induce lipopolysaccharide-mediated TNF secretion in B cells. However, gene expression microarrays defined a LITAF-related transcriptional signature containing genes regulating autophagy, including MAP1LC3B (LC3B). In addition, immunofluorescence analysis co-localized LITAF with autophagosomes, further suggesting a possible role in autophagy modulation. Accordingly, ectopic LITAF expression in B-cell lymphoma cells enhanced autophagy responses to starvation, which were impaired upon LITAF silencing. Our results indicate that the BCL6-mediated transcriptional repression of LITAF may inhibit autophagy in B cells during the germinal centre reaction, and suggest that the constitutive repression of autophagy responses in BCL6-driven lymphomas may contribute to lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bertolo
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Igawa T, Sato Y, Takata K, Iwaki N, Tanaka T, Asano N, Maeda Y, Orita Y, Nakamura N, Nakamura S, Yoshino T. De novo CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas show high specificity for cyclin D2 expression. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:81. [PMID: 23675804 PMCID: PMC3658991 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
D cyclins positively regulate the cell cycle and mediate the pathogenesis of some lymphomas. Cyclin D1 overexpression is the hallmark of mantle cell lymphoma, whereas cyclins D2 and D3 are reportedly not as specific to certain lymphomas as cyclin D1. In this study, cyclin D2 was found to be overexpressed in 98% of de novo CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) (50/51) and in 28% of CD5-negative DLBCLs (14/51). A statistically significant difference was observed between these two groups (p<0.0001). In contrast, no statistical difference was found in the cyclin D3 expression between CD5-positive (18/51) and CD5-negative (24/51) DLBCLs (p=0.23). Based on these findings, cyclin D2 is therefore considered to be closely associated with de novo CD5-positive DLBCLs. This insight may be useful for overcoming the inferior survival of this aggressive lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Igawa
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Frick M, Dörken B, Lenz G. The molecular biology of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Ther Adv Hematol 2013; 2:369-79. [PMID: 23556103 DOI: 10.1177/2040620711419001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the most common type of malignant lymphoma. In the last few years, significant progress has been achieved in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this entity. Gene expression profiling has identified three molecular DLBCL subtypes, termed germinal-center B-cell-like (GCB) DLBCL, activated B-cell-like (ABC) DLBCL, and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL). In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the biology of these DLBCL subtypes with a special emphasis on novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Care MA, Barrans S, Worrillow L, Jack A, Westhead DR, Tooze RM. A microarray platform-independent classification tool for cell of origin class allows comparative analysis of gene expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55895. [PMID: 23424639 PMCID: PMC3570548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell of origin classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) identifies subsets with biological and clinical significance. Despite the established nature of the classification existing studies display variability in classifier implementation, and a comparative analysis across multiple data sets is lacking. Here we describe the validation of a cell of origin classifier for DLBCL, based on balanced voting between 4 machine-learning tools: the DLBCL automatic classifier (DAC). This shows superior survival separation for assigned Activated B-cell (ABC) and Germinal Center B-cell (GCB) DLBCL classes relative to a range of other classifiers. DAC is effective on data derived from multiple microarray platforms and formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples and is parsimonious, using 20 classifier genes. We use DAC to perform a comparative analysis of gene expression in 10 data sets (2030 cases). We generate ranked meta-profiles of genes showing consistent class-association using ≥6 data sets as a cut-off: ABC (414 genes) and GCB (415 genes). The transcription factor ZBTB32 emerges as the most consistent and differentially expressed gene in ABC-DLBCL while other transcription factors such as ARID3A, BATF, and TCF4 are also amongst the 24 genes associated with this class in all datasets. Analysis of enrichment of 12323 gene signatures against meta-profiles and all data sets individually confirms consistent associations with signatures of molecular pathways, chromosomal cytobands, and transcription factor binding sites. We provide DAC as an open access Windows application, and the accompanying meta-analyses as a resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Care
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Barrans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (HMDS), St. James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Worrillow
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (HMDS), St. James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jack
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (HMDS), St. James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Westhead
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RT); (DW)
| | - Reuben M. Tooze
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (HMDS), St. James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RT); (DW)
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36
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Hassan U, Mushtaq S, Mamoon N, Asghar AH, Ishtiaq S. Prognostic sub-grouping of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas into germinal centre and post germinal centre groups by immunohistochemistry after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1341-7. [PMID: 22799329 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) can be divided into germinal centre (GC-DLBCL) and post germinal centre (post GC-DLBCL) groups by applying immunohistochemical antibodies. As these subgroups respond differently to chemotherapy, it is possible at diagnosis to select a poor prognostic subgroup for aggressive treatment. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequencies of GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL in patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the clinical response after six cycles of chemotherapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this descriptive study conducted in AFIP and CMH, Rawalpindi and NORI, Islamabad, from September 2010 to September 2011, a total of 75 pretreatment cases of DLBCL diagnosed during the study period were included. Cases were segregated in to GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL groups according to results of immunohistochemistry markers CD10, BCL6 and MUM1. Immediate clinical response was assessed after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Response was divided into complete response, partial response, stable disease or relapse or progression. RESULTS The mean age was 54.2 ± 15. Males were 53 (70.7%). Forty (53.3%) cases comprised the GC-DLBCL group; 25(62.5%) of them showed a complete response. Most patients of the post GC-DLBCL 19(54%) showed relapse/progression. Results of immediate clinical response in both prognostic subgroups were significant (p<0.05). Results regarding positivity with immunohistochemical antibodies CD10 (p 0.011), BCL6 (p 0.013) and MUM1 (p 0.000) regarding immediate clinical response were also significant. CONCLUSION GC-DLBCL group shows better response to CHOP chemotherapy regimen. Immunohistochemistry should be used to further classify DLBCL as this can enable us to select aggressive group for aggressive treatment. This manuscript is important because the study is the first to becarried out exclusively in Pakistan or our part of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Hassan
- Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Lahore Pakistan.
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37
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Fowler N, Davis E. Targeting B-cell receptor signaling: changing the paradigm. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2013; 2013:553-560. [PMID: 24319231 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that signals emanating from the B-cell receptor (BCR) activate downstream pathways to regulate the development and survival of normal B cells. In B-cell malignancies, it is increasingly understood that similar pathways are activated through both tonic and chronic active BCR signaling to promote tumor viability and resistance to therapy. Recently, several active and oral agents have emerged that target key proximal kinases in the BCR pathway, including Bruton tyrosine kinase, PI3K, and spleen tyrosine kinase. In early clinical studies, these agents have shown significant activity across a broad range of B-cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Especially impressive responses have been reported in mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and many patients remain on treatment with continued disease control. Toxicity profiles have been mild in the majority of early studies, without significant myelosuppression over prolonged dosing. Due to these attractive attributes, several agents targeting the BCR pathway are now entering early combination studies with traditional chemotherapeutics and/or other novel agents. It is clear that agents targeting the BCR pathway will significantly affect the design of future therapeutic regimens for B-cell malignancies. Future research will focus on understanding potential mechanisms of resistance, identifying biomarkers of response, and defining optimal combination regimens.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Fowler
- 1Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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38
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de Leval L, Bonnet C, Copie-Bergman C, Seidel L, Baia M, Brière J, Molina TJ, Fabiani B, Petrella T, Bosq J, Gisselbrecht C, Siebert R, Tilly H, Haioun C, Fillet G, Gaulard P. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring has distinct clinicopathologic features: a GELA study. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:3143-3151. [PMID: 22700993 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) arising in specific extranodal sites have peculiar clinicopathologic features. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed a cohort of 187 primary Waldeyer's ring (WR) DLBCLs retrieved from GELA protocols using anthracyclin-based polychemotherapy. RESULTS Most patients (92%) had stage I-II disease. A germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) immunophenotype was observed in 61%, and BCL2 expression in 55%, of WR DLBCLs. BCL2, BCL6, IRF4 and MYC breakpoints were observed in, respectively, 3 of 42 (7%), 9 of 36 (25%), 2 of 26 (8%) and 4 of 40 (10%) contributive cases. A variable follicular pattern was evidenced in 30 of 68 (44%) large biopsy specimens. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and the overall survival (OS) of 153 WR DLBCL patients with survival information were 69.5% and 77.8%, respectively. The GCB immunophenotype correlated with a better OS (P = 0.0015), while BCL2 expression predicted a worse OS (P = 0.037), an effect overcome by the GCB/non-GCB classification. Compared with matched nodal DLBCLs, WR DLBCLs with no age-adjusted international prognostic index factor disclosed a better 5-year PFS rate (77.5% versus 70.7%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS WR DLBCLs display distinct clinicopathologic features compared with conventional DLBCLs, with usual localized-stage disease, common follicular features and a high frequency of GCB immunophenotype contrasting with a low rate of BCL2 rearrangements. In addition, they seem to be associated with a better outcome than their nodal counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- L de Leval
- Department of Laboratories, Institute of Pathology, C.H.U.V. Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - C Bonnet
- Department of Clinical Hematology, C.H.U. of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Copie-Bergman
- Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil; INSERM U955, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil; Department of Medicine, Paris-Est University, Créteil, France
| | - L Seidel
- Department of Biostatistics, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - M Baia
- Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil; INSERM U955, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil
| | - J Brière
- INSERM U728, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris; Department of Pathology, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris
| | - T J Molina
- Department of Pathology, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris
| | - B Fabiani
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris
| | | | - J Bosq
- Department of Biopathology, Morpological Unit, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | | | - R Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H Tilly
- Department of Hematology, UMR918, Henri Becquerel Center, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - C Haioun
- Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil; INSERM U955, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil; Department of Medicine, Paris-Est University, Créteil, France
| | - G Fillet
- Department of Clinical Hematology, C.H.U. of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Gaulard
- Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, Henri-Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil; INSERM U955, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil; Department of Medicine, Paris-Est University, Créteil, France
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Barrans SL, Crouch S, Care MA, Worrillow L, Smith A, Patmore R, Westhead DR, Tooze R, Roman E, Jack AS. Whole genome expression profiling based on paraffin embedded tissue can be used to classify diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and predict clinical outcome. Br J Haematol 2012; 159:441-53. [PMID: 22970711 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the validity of whole-genome expression profiling (GEP) using RNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue to sub-classify Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), in a population based cohort of 172 patients. GEP was performed using Illumina Whole Genome cDNA-mediated Annealing, Selection, extension & Ligation, and tumours were classified into germinal centre (GCB), activated B-cell (ABC) and Type-III subtypes. The method was highly reproducible and reliably classified cell lines of known phenotype. GCB and ABC subtypes were each characterized by unique gene expression signatures consistent with previously published data. A significant relationship between subtype and survival was observed, with ABC having the worst clinical outcome and in a multivariate survival model only age and GEP class remained significant. This effect was not seen when tumours were classified by immunohistochemistry. There was a significant association between age and subtype (mean ages ABC - 72·8 years, GC - 68·4 years, Type-III - 64·5 years). Older patients with ABC subtype were also over-represented in patients who died soon after diagnosis. The relationship between prognosis and subtype improved when only patients assigned to the three categories with the highest level of confidence were analysed. This study demonstrates that GEP-based classification of DLBCL can be applied to RNA extracted from routine FFPE samples and has potential for use in stratified medicine trials and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Barrans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, UK.
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40
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Hung MH, Yu YB, Huang YC, Liu HT, Hong YC, Hsiao LT, Liu JH, Gau JP, Chiou TJ, Chen PM, Tzeng CH, Liu CY. Patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma in partial response or stable disease after first-line R-CHOP: the prognostic value of the absolute lymphocyte count and impact of autologous stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2012; 91:1907-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-012-1536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Perry AM, Mitrovic Z, Chan WC. Biological Prognostic Markers in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Cancer Control 2012; 19:214-26. [DOI: 10.1177/107327481201900306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija M. Perry
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology at the Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Zdravko Mitrovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wing C. Chan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology at the Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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A new biologic prognostic model based on immunohistochemistry predicts survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2012; 120:2290-6. [PMID: 22740447 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-430389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologic factors that predict the survival of patients with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, such as cell of origin and stromal signatures, have been discovered by gene expression profiling. We attempted to simulate these gene expression profiling findings and create a new biologic prognostic model based on immunohistochemistry. We studied 199 patients (125 in the training set, 74 in the validation set) with de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab and CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) or CHOP-like therapies, and immunohistochemical stains were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays. In the model, 1 point was awarded for each adverse prognostic factor: nongerminal center B cell-like subtype, SPARC (secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine) < 5%, and microvascular density quartile 4. The model using these 3 biologic markers was highly predictive of overall survival and event-free survival in multivariate analysis after adjusting for the International Prognostic Index in both the training and validation sets. This new model delineates 2 groups of patients, 1 with a low biologic score (0-1) and good survival and the other with a high score (2-3) and poor survival. This new biologic prognostic model could be used with the International Prognostic Index to stratify patients for novel or risk-adapted therapies.
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43
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Cerhan JR, Natkunam Y, Morton LM, Maurer MJ, Asmann Y, Habermann TM, Vasef MA, Cozen W, Lynch CF, Allmer C, Slager SL, Lossos IS, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Hartge P, Dogan A, Wang SS. LIM domain only 2 protein expression, LMO2 germline genetic variation, and overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the pre-rituximab era. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1105-12. [PMID: 22066713 PMCID: PMC3575512 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.638717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Both LMO2 (LIM domain only 2) mRNA and protein expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have been associated with superior survival. However, a role for germline genetic variation in LMO2 has not been previously reported. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for LMO2 was conducted on tumor tissue from diagnostic biopsies, and 20 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from LMO2 were genotyped from germline DNA. LMO2 IHC positivity was associated with superior survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-0.97). Four LMO2 SNPs (rs10836127, rs941940, rs750781, rs1885524) were associated with survival after adjusting for LMO2 IHC and clinical factors (p < 0.05), and one of these SNPs (rs941940) was also associated with IHC positivity (p = 0.02). Compared to a model with clinical factors only (c-statistic = 0.676), adding the four SNPs (c-statistic = 0.751) or LMO2 IHC (c-statistic = 0.691) increased the predictive ability of the model, while inclusion of all three factors (c-statistic = 0.754) did not meaningfully add predictive ability above a model with clinical factors and the four SNPs. In conclusion, germline genetic variation in LMO2 was associated with DLBCL prognosis and provided slightly stronger predictive ability relative to LMO2 IHC status.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Variation/physiology
- Germ-Line Mutation/physiology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- LIM Domain Proteins/genetics
- LIM Domain Proteins/metabolism
- Linkage Disequilibrium
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Rituximab
- Survival Analysis
- Young Adult
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44
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Diss TC, Molina TJ, Cabeçadas J, Langerak AW. Molecular diagnostics in lymphoma: why, when and how to apply. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Abstract
Abstract
A plethora of genetic abnormalities has been described in B-cell lymphomas, some of which arise when physiologic mechanisms involved in the generation of immunologic diversity go awry. Several different lymphoma types, such as follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), are associated with hallmark translocations that occur as a consequence of these errors (t(14;18)(q32;q21), t(11;14)(q13;q32), and t(8;14)(q24;q32), respectively); however, none of these associations is absolute and none is completely diagnostically specific or sensitive. The advantages and limitations of a variety of different testing strategies in the 2 most common lymphomas, FL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), are reviewed herein, including an evaluation of the role of PCR-based approaches, FISH, and more nascent genomic technologies. The use of immunophenotypic strategies that may potentially provide, albeit imperfectly, more user-friendly surrogates for underlying genetic aberrations and cell-of-origin designations derived from gene-expression profiling analyses are also discussed. Finally, a newly designated category of lymphoma with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL is appraised, highlighting the central role of genetic analysis in this diagnostic gray zone.
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46
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Iqbal J, Meyer PN, Smith LM, Johnson NA, Vose JM, Greiner TC, Connors JM, Staudt LM, Rimsza L, Jaffe E, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Delabie J, Campo E, Braziel RM, Cook JR, Tubbs RR, Gascoyne RD, Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD, Chan WC. BCL2 predicts survival in germinal center B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with CHOP-like therapy and rituximab. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7785-95. [PMID: 21933893 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously shown the prognostic significance of BCL2 expression in the activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) patients treated with cyclophosphamide-Adriamycin-vincristine-prednisone (CHOP) or CHOP-like therapy. However, after the inclusion of rituximab (R) in the CHOP regimen, several conflicting observations about the prognostic value of BCL2 expression have been reported. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated the R-CHOP cohort of 221 DLBCL cases with gene expression profiling data. BCL2 protein (n = 169), mRNA (n = 221) expression, and t(14;18) (n = 144) were correlated with clinical outcome. The CHOP cohort (n = 181) was used for comparative analysis. RESULTS BCL2 protein expression has significant impact on overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) in DLBCL (OS, P = 0.009; EFS, P = 0.001) and GCB-DLBCL (OS, P = 0.03; EFS, P = 0.002) but not in ABC-DLBCL in the R-CHOP cohort. The survival differences for EFS in GCB-DLBCL were still observed in multivariate analysis. At the mRNA level, this correlation was observed in EFS in DLBCL (P = 0.006), but only a trend was observed in GCB-DLBCL (P = 0.09). The t(14;18) was detected in 34% of GCB-DLBCL but was not associated with significant differences in survival. Gene enrichment analysis identified significant enrichment of the DLBCL "stromal-1" signatures and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1-α) signature in BCL2(-)GCB-DLBCL, whereas T(FH) cell signatures were enriched in BCL2(+)GCB-DLBCL. CONCLUSION The prognostic significance of BCL2 has changed after inclusion of rituximab in the treatment protocol and is observed in the GCB-DLBCL rather than the ABC-DLBCL. Although rituximab has benefited patients in both DLBCL subgroups, the BCL2(+)GCB-DLBCL seems to receive less benefit from this treatment and may require other novel therapeutic intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Disease-Free Survival
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Germinal Center/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Prednisolone/administration & dosage
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Rituximab
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Iqbal
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Hematology/Oncology and College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Abstract
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) prognostication requires additional biologic markers. miRNAs may constitute markers for cancer diagnosis, outcome, or therapy response. In the present study, we analyzed the miRNA expression profile in a retrospective multicenter series of 258 DLBCL patients uniformly treated with chemoimmunotherapy. Findings were correlated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). miRNA and gene-expression profiles were studied using microarrays in an initial set of 36 cases. A selection of miRNAs associated with either DLBCL molecular subtypes (GCB/ABC) or clinical outcome were studied by multiplex RT-PCR in a test group of 240 cases with available formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) diagnostic samples. The samples were divided into a training set (123 patients) and used to derive miRNA-based and combined (with IPI score) Cox regression models in an independent validation series (117 patients). Our model based on miRNA expression predicts OS and PFS and improves upon the predictions based on clinical variables. Combined models with IPI score identified a high-risk group of patients with a 2-year OS and a PFS probability of < 50%. In summary, a precise miRNA signature is associated with poor clinical outcome in chemoimmunotherapy-treated DLBCL patients. This information improves upon IPI-based predictions and identifies a subgroup of candidate patients for alternative therapeutic regimens.
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48
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Prediction of survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on the expression of 2 genes reflecting tumor and microenvironment. Blood 2011; 118:1350-8. [PMID: 21670469 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-345272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several gene-expression signatures predict survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but the lack of practical methods for genome-scale analysis has limited translation to clinical practice. We built and validated a simple model using one gene expressed by tumor cells and another expressed by host immune cells, assessing added prognostic value to the clinical International Prognostic Index (IPI). LIM domain only 2 (LMO2) was validated as an independent predictor of survival and the "germinal center B cell-like" subtype. Expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9) from the DLBCL microenvironment was the best gene in bivariate combination with LMO2. Study of TNFRSF9 tissue expression in 95 patients with DLBCL showed expression limited to infiltrating T cells. A model integrating these 2 genes was independent of "cell-of-origin" classification, "stromal signatures," IPI, and added to the predictive power of the IPI. A composite score integrating these genes with IPI performed well in 3 independent cohorts of 545 DLBCL patients, as well as in a simple assay of routine formalin-fixed specimens from a new validation cohort of 147 patients with DLBCL. We conclude that the measurement of a single gene expressed by tumor cells (LMO2) and a single gene expressed by the immune microenvironment (TNFRSF9) powerfully predicts overall survival in patients with DLBCL.
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49
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Alencar AJ, Malumbres R, Kozloski GA, Advani R, Talreja N, Chinichian S, Briones J, Natkunam Y, Sehn LH, Gascoyne RD, Tibshirani R, Lossos IS. MicroRNAs are independent predictors of outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with R-CHOP. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:4125-35. [PMID: 21525173 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) heterogeneity has prompted investigations for new biomarkers that can accurately predict survival. A previously reported 6-gene model combined with the International Prognostic Index (IPI) could predict patients' outcome. However, even these predictors are not capable of unambiguously identifying outcome, suggesting that additional biomarkers might improve their predictive power. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We studied expression of 11 microRNAs (miRNA) that had previously been reported to have variable expression in DLBCL tumors. We measured the expression of each miRNA by quantitative real-time PCR analyses in 176 samples from uniformly treated DLBCL patients and correlated the results to survival. RESULTS In a univariate analysis, the expression of miR-18a correlated with overall survival (OS), whereas the expression of miR-181a and miR-222 correlated with progression-free survival (PFS). A multivariate Cox regression analysis including the IPI, the 6-gene model-derived mortality predictor score and expression of the miR-18a, miR-181a, and miR-222, revealed that all variables were independent predictors of survival except the expression of miR-222 for OS and the expression of miR-18a for PFS. CONCLUSION The expression of specific miRNAs may be useful for DLBCL survival prediction and their role in the pathogenesis of this disease should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro J Alencar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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50
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Mueller TF, Solez K, Mas V. Assessment of kidney organ quality and prediction of outcome at time of transplantation. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 33:185-99. [PMID: 21274534 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The critical importance of donor organ quality, i.e., number of surviving nephrons, ability to withstand injury, and capacity for repair in determining short- and long-term outcomes is becoming increasingly clear. This review provides an overview of studies to assess donor kidney quality and subsequent transplant outcomes based on clinical pathology and transcriptome-based variables available at time of transplantation. Prediction scores using clinical variables function when applied to large data sets but perform poorly for the individual patient. Histopathology findings in pre-implantation or post-reperfusion biopsies help to assess structural integrity of the donor kidney, provide information on pre-existing donor disease, and can serve as a baseline for tracking changes over time. However, more validated approaches of analysis and prospective studies are needed to reduce the number of discarded organs, improve allocation, and allow prediction of outcomes. Molecular profiling detects changes not seen by morphology or captured by clinical markers. In particular, molecular profiles provide a quantitative measurement of inflammatory burden or immune activation and reflect coordinated changes in pathways associated with injury and repair. However, description of transcriptome patterns is not an end in itself. The identification of predictive gene sets and the application to an individualized patient management needs the integration of clinical and pathology-based variables, as well as more objective reference markers of transplant function, post-transplant events, and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Mueller
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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