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Torrez MM, Sheibani K, Vasef MA. Mutually exclusive driver mutations identifies 2 separate primaries in a collision tumor initially interpreted as a solitary lung adenocarcinoma with tumor heterogeneity. Respir Med Case Rep 2024; 47:101986. [PMID: 38304116 PMCID: PMC10832448 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2024.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Distinction of histologically heterogenous, single primary tumor from two or more collision tumors with different primaries could represent a challenge to practicing pathologists. Histologic variations including differences in degree of differentiating within a tumor, are typically interpreted as tumor heterogeneity in a contiguous small size tumor biopsy. The authors report a case of adult former smoker female who presented with lung mass and a metastatic lytic lesion of acetabulum. A needle biopsy of a lung mass revealed an adenocarcinoma with well and moderately differentiated components. Next generation sequencing studies proved 2 different primaries in this small needle biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Torrez
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Khalil Sheibani
- Department of Pathology, Orange County Global Medical Center, Santa Ana, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Vasef
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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2
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Toth L, Vasef MA. Molecular Pathogenesis of Primary Gastrointestinal Tract Lymphomas. Semin Diagn Pathol 2021; 38:46-52. [PMID: 33985832 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary gastrointestinal lymphomas are rare though the incidence is significantly increased among adult patients in recent years. The majority of the patients present with symptoms overlapping with other gastrointestinal disorders and imaging findings are not specific. Therefore, histologic examination is necessary to establish the diagnosis. Insight into etiologies, molecular pathogenesis and critical signaling pathways in lymphomas including gastrointestinal lymphomas has significantly expanded within the last 3 decades. Given the increasing demand for incorporation of genetic data, the appropriate handling and processing of small endoscopic gastrointestinal biopsy samples of suspected lymphoma is becoming extremely crucial and at times challenging. The use of next generation sequencing with analysis of genes relevant to diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets continues to have a significant promising impact on management of patients in lymphoid malignancies. In particular, the identification of constitutively activated pathways and the emergence of novel targeted medications predict that more effective therapies will be identified for these disorders in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Toth
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mohammad A Vasef
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
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Tsongalis GJ, Al Turkmani MR, Suriawinata M, Babcock MJ, Mitchell K, Ding Y, Scicchitano L, Tira A, Buckingham L, Atkinson S, Lax A, Aisner DL, Davies KD, Wood HN, O’Neill SS, Levine EA, Sequeira J, Harada S, DeFrank G, Paluri R, Tan BA, Colabella H, Snead C, Cruz-Correa M, Ramirez V, Rojas A, Huang H, Mackinnon AC, Garcia FU, Cavone SM, Elfahal M, Abel G, Vasef MA, Judd A, Linder MW, Alkhateeb K, Skinner WL, Boccia R, Patel K. Comparison of Tissue Molecular Biomarker Testing Turnaround Times and Concordance Between Standard of Care and the Biocartis Idylla Platform in Patients With Colorectal Cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 154:266-276. [PMID: 32525522 PMCID: PMC10893851 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Management of colorectal cancer warrants mutational analysis of KRAS/NRAS when considering anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy and BRAF testing for prognostic stratification. In this multicenter study, we compared a fully integrated, cartridge-based system to standard-of-care assays used by participating laboratories. METHODS Twenty laboratories enrolled 874 colorectal cancer cases between November 2017 and December 2018. Testing was performed on the Idylla automated system (Biocartis) using the KRAS and NRAS-BRAF cartridges (research use only) and results compared with in-house standard-of-care testing methods. RESULTS There were sufficient data on 780 cases to measure turnaround time compared with standard assays. In-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) had an average testing turnaround time of 5.6 days, send-out PCR of 22.5 days, in-house Sanger sequencing of 14.7 days, send-out Sanger of 17.8 days, in-house next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 12.5 days, and send-out NGS of 20.0 days. Standard testing had an average turnaround time of 11 days. Idylla average time to results was 4.9 days with a range of 0.4 to 13.5 days. CONCLUSIONS The described cartridge-based system offers rapid and reliable testing of clinically actionable mutation in colorectal cancer specimens directly from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Its simplicity and ease of use compared with other molecular techniques make it suitable for routine clinical laboratory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tsongalis
- Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology (CGAT) Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Health System, Lebanon, NH
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - M Rabie Al Turkmani
- Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology (CGAT) Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Health System, Lebanon, NH
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Michael Suriawinata
- Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology (CGAT) Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Health System, Lebanon, NH
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Michael J Babcock
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Pathology, Dahl-Chase Diagnostic Services & Pathology Associates, Bangor, ME
| | - Kristi Mitchell
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Pathology, Dahl-Chase Diagnostic Services & Pathology Associates, Bangor, ME
| | - Yi Ding
- Diagnostic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA
| | - Lisa Scicchitano
- Diagnostic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA
| | - Adrian Tira
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Lela Buckingham
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Sara Atkinson
- Department of Cytology, Cone Health Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC
| | - Amy Lax
- Department of Cytology, Cone Health Moses Cone Hospital, Greensboro, NC
| | - Dara L Aisner
- Colorado Molecular Correlates Laboratory (CMOCO), Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Kurtis D Davies
- Colorado Molecular Correlates Laboratory (CMOCO), Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Holly N Wood
- Colorado Molecular Correlates Laboratory (CMOCO), Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Stacey S O’Neill
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Edward A Levine
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Judy Sequeira
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Comprehensive Care and Research Center, Cancer Treatment Centers of America Atlanta, Newnan, GA
| | - Shuko Harada
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham
| | - Gina DeFrank
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham
| | - Ravikumar Paluri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham
| | - Bradford A Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Comprehensive Care and Research Center, Cancer Treatment Centers of America Chicago, Zion, IL
| | - Heather Colabella
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Comprehensive Care and Research Center, Cancer Treatment Centers of America Chicago, Zion, IL
| | | | - Marcia Cruz-Correa
- Pan American Center for Oncology Trials, Oncologic Hospital, Puerto Rico Medical Center, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Virginia Ramirez
- Pan American Center for Oncology Trials, Oncologic Hospital, Puerto Rico Medical Center, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Arnaldo Rojas
- Pan American Center for Oncology Trials, Oncologic Hospital, Puerto Rico Medical Center, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Huiya Huang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | | | - Fernando U Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Comprehensive Care and Research Center, Cancer Treatment Centers of America Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sharon M Cavone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Comprehensive Care and Research Center, Cancer Treatment Centers of America Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mutasim Elfahal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington, MA
| | - Gyorgy Abel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington, MA
| | - Mohammad A Vasef
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Andrew Judd
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Mark W Linder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, KY
| | - Khaled Alkhateeb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Ralph Boccia
- The Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kashyap Patel
- Carolina Blood and Cancer Care Associates, PA, Rock Hill, SC
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Krehbiel KA, Glew RH, Modi S, Vasef MA. Splenic sea-blue (ceroid) histiocytosis due to hypertriglyceridemia: Report of a case and review of literature. Human Pathology: Case Reports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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5
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Mayfield JR, Czuchlewski DR, Gale JM, Matlawska-Wasowska K, Vasef MA, Nickl C, Pickett G, Ness SA, Winter SS. Integration of ruxolitinib into dose-intensified therapy targeted against a novel JAK2 F694L mutation in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64:10.1002/pbc.26328. [PMID: 27860260 PMCID: PMC5366086 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A 17-year-old girl with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) with persistent minimal residual disease (MRD) who underwent standard chemotherapy was found to have a BCR-ABL1-like gene expression pattern. Genome sequencing revealed a JAK2 mutation not previously described in BCP-ALL and a potential therapeutic target. Due to concern for an on-therapy relapse, the JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib was incorporated into a modified chemotherapy backbone to achieve complete remission prior to stem cell transplant. Treatment was well tolerated and she had undetectable MRD prior to a matched allogeneic stem cell transplant and remained in remission at day +100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi R. Mayfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Oncology, University of New Mexico
| | | | - James M. Gale
- TriCore Reference Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | | | - Christian Nickl
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Oncology, University of New Mexico
| | - Gavin Pickett
- Analytical and Translational Genomics Shared Resource, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico
| | - Scott A. Ness
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine and UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico
| | - Stuart S. Winter
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Oncology, University of New Mexico
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Kelley TW, Arber DA, Gibson C, Jones D, Khoury JD, Medeiros BC, O'Malley DP, Patel KP, Pilichowska M, Vasef MA, Wallentine J, Zehnder JL. Template for Reporting Results of Monitoring Tests for Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (BCR-ABL1(+)). Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 140:672-4. [PMID: 26653363 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0399-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Kelley
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Dr Kelley); the Departments of Pathology (Drs Arber and Zehnder) and Medicine (Dr Medeiros), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; the Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Ms Gibson); the Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus (Dr Jones); the Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Drs Khoury and Patel); the Department of Pathology, Clarient Pathology Services, Aliso Viejo, California (Dr O'Malley); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Pilichowska); the Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (Dr Vasef); and the Department of Pathology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah (Dr Wallentine)
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Kelley TW, Arber DA, Gibson C, Jones D, Khoury JD, Medeiros BC, O'Malley DP, Patel KP, Pilichowska M, Vasef MA, Wallentine J, Zehnder JL. Template for Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 140:675-7. [PMID: 26653364 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0400-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Kelley
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Dr Kelley); the Departments of Pathology (Drs Arber and Zehnder) and Medicine (Dr Medeiros), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; the Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Ms Gibson); the Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus (Dr Jones); the Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Drs Khoury and Patel); the Department of Pathology, Clarient Pathology Services, Aliso Viejo, California (Dr O'Malley); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Pilichowska); the Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (Dr Vasef); and the Department of Pathology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah (Dr Wallentine)
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8
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Matlawska-Wasowska K, Gale JM, Nickl CK, Khalili P, Shirley B, Wilson BS, Vasef MA, Winter SS. Pyrosequencing for classification of human FcγRIIIA allotypes: a comparison with PCR-based techniques. Mol Diagn Ther 2015; 18:665-73. [PMID: 25230857 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-014-0120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface-specific antigens expressed by hematopoietic cells are attractive targets for antibody-mediated immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) involve various mechanisms to eliminate target cells, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)- and phagocytosis (ADCP)-mediated killing through natural killer (NK) and macrophage effector cells bearing FcγRIIIA (CD16). The clinical efficacy of ADCC is particularly impacted by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) found in the gene encoding FcγRIIIA (FCGR3A), which generates a variable distribution of the 158 V/V, F/V or F/F CD16 allotypes (F = phenylalanine, V = valine) in the normal human population. Currently, most patients are not screened for CD16 allotypes, creating the potential to include in their treatment a mAb-based therapy that may have limited benefit. Therefore, it is important to identify CD16 allotypes when considering mAb therapies that require ADCC/ADCP. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop a reliable PCR-based assay for classification of human FcγRIIIA allotypes. METHODS We studied 42 normal human subjects for the incidence of FcγRIIIA-158 polymorphisms using comparative molecular approaches. RESULTS The results of our study showed 100% accuracy in genotyping by pyrosequencing. In contrast, nested PCR-based allele-specific restriction assay and quantitative PCR techniques proved to be relatively less sensitive and less specific in distinguishing variant genotypes. CONCLUSION Since the efficacy of the mAb-based targeted immunotherapy may be highly dependent upon the CD16 polymorphism in a given individual, we recommend pyrosequencing for CD16 allotype testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MSC 10 5590, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA,
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9
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O'Malley DP, Louissaint A, Vasef MA, Auerbach A, Miranda R, Brynes RK, Fedoriw Y, Hudnall SD. Recommendations for gross examination and sampling of surgical specimens of the spleen. Ann Diagn Pathol 2015; 19:288-95. [PMID: 26143481 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review examines handling and processing of spleen biopsies and splenectomy specimens with the aim of providing the pathologist with guidance in optimizing examination and diagnosis of splenic disorders. It also offers recommendations as to relevant reporting factors in gross examination, which may guide diagnostic workup. The role of splenic needle biopsies is discussed. The International Spleen Consortium is a group dedicated to promoting education and research on the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the spleen. In keeping with these goals, we have undertaken to provide guidelines for gross examination, sectioning, and sampling of spleen tissue to optimize diagnosis (Burke). The pathology of the spleen may be complicated in routine practice due to a number of factors. Among these are lack of familiarity with lesions, complex histopathology, mimicry within several types of lesions, and overall rarity. To optimize diagnosis, appropriate handling and processing of splenic tissue are crucial. The importance of complete and accurate clinical history cannot be overstated. In many cases, significant clinical history such as previous lymphoproliferative disorders, hematologic disorders, trauma, etc, can provide important information to guide the evaluation of spleen specimens. Clinical information helps plan for appropriate processing of the spleen specimen. The pathologist should encourage surgical colleagues, who typically provide the specimens, to include as much clinical information as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abner Louissaint
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114.
| | - Mohammad A Vasef
- TriCore Reference Laboratories, 1001 Woodward Place NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87102.
| | - Aaron Auerbach
- Joint Pathology Center, 606 Stephen Sitter Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910.
| | - Roberto Miranda
- MD Anderson Cancer Center/University of Texas, Room 4.2115b, Clark Clinic, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030.
| | - Russell K Brynes
- Department of Pathology, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2011 Zonal Ave HMR 209, Los Angeles, CA, 90033.
| | - Yuri Fedoriw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB no. 7525, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599.
| | - S David Hudnall
- Yale Department of Pathology, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520.
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Chabot-Richards D, Buehler K, Vasef MA. Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 E746-A750 deletion and EGFR exon 21 point mutations in lung adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry: a comparative study to EGFR exons 19 and 21 mutations analysis using PCR followed by high-resolution melting and pyrosequencing. J Histotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1179/2046023615y.0000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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Bakhirev AG, Vasef MA, Zhang QY, Reichard KK, Czuchlewski DR. Fluorescence Immunophenotyping and Interphase Cytogenetics (FICTION) Detects BCL6 Abnormalities, Including Gene Amplification, in Most Cases of Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138:538-42. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0663-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context.— BCL6 translocations are a frequent finding in B-cell lymphomas of diverse subtypes, including some cases of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). However, reliable analysis of BCL6 rearrangements using fluorescence in situ hybridization is difficult in NLPHL because of the relative paucity of neoplastic cells. Combined immunofluorescence microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization, or fluorescence immunophenotyping and interphase cytogenetics as a tool for the investigation of neoplasms (FICTION), permits targeted analysis of neoplastic cells.
Objective.—To better define the spectrum of BCL6 abnormalities in NLPHL using FICTION analysis.
Design.—We performed an optimized FICTION analysis of 24 lymph nodes, including 11 NLPHL, 5 follicular hyperplasia with prominent progressive transformation of germinal centers, and 8 follicular hyperplasia without progressive transformation of germinal centers.
Results.— BCL6 rearrangement was identified in 5 of 11 cases of NLPHL (46%). In addition, BCL6 gene amplification, with large clusters of BCL6 signals in the absence of chromosome 3 aneuploidy, was detected in 3 of 11 cases of NLPHL (27%). One NLPHL showed extra copies of BCL6 present in conjunction with multiple copies of chromosome 3. Altogether, we detected BCL6 abnormalities in 9 of 11 cases of NLPHL (82%). None of the progressive transformation of germinal centers or follicular hyperplasia cases showed BCL6 abnormalities by FICTION.
Conclusions.—To our knowledge, this is the first report of BCL6 gene amplification in NLPHL. Our optimized protocol for FICTION permits detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in most NLPHL cases and may represent a useful ancillary diagnostic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei G. Bakhirev
- From the Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque. Dr Reichard is now with the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mohammad A. Vasef
- From the Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque. Dr Reichard is now with the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Qian-Yun Zhang
- From the Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque. Dr Reichard is now with the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kaaren K. Reichard
- From the Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque. Dr Reichard is now with the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David R. Czuchlewski
- From the Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque. Dr Reichard is now with the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Askeland R, Jans M, Vasef MA. Tissue Microarrays for Screening and Quality Control in Immunohistochemistry: Advantage and Disadvantage Compared with Conventional Sausage Blocks. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2004.27.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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13
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Vasef MA, Bromley C, Sturm M, Medeiros LJ. Effects of Six Different Tissue Fixatives on DNA Quality as Determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification of Genes Ranging from 100 to 574 Base Pairs. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2003.26.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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14
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Cerhan JR, Natkunam Y, Morton LM, Maurer MJ, Asmann Y, Habermann TM, Vasef MA, Cozen W, Lynch CF, Allmer C, Slager SL, Lossos IS, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Hartge P, Dogan A, Wang SS. LIM domain only 2 protein expression, LMO2 germline genetic variation, and overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the pre-rituximab era. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1105-12. [PMID: 22066713 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.638717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Both LMO2 (LIM domain only 2) mRNA and protein expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have been associated with superior survival. However, a role for germline genetic variation in LMO2 has not been previously reported. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for LMO2 was conducted on tumor tissue from diagnostic biopsies, and 20 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from LMO2 were genotyped from germline DNA. LMO2 IHC positivity was associated with superior survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-0.97). Four LMO2 SNPs (rs10836127, rs941940, rs750781, rs1885524) were associated with survival after adjusting for LMO2 IHC and clinical factors (p < 0.05), and one of these SNPs (rs941940) was also associated with IHC positivity (p = 0.02). Compared to a model with clinical factors only (c-statistic = 0.676), adding the four SNPs (c-statistic = 0.751) or LMO2 IHC (c-statistic = 0.691) increased the predictive ability of the model, while inclusion of all three factors (c-statistic = 0.754) did not meaningfully add predictive ability above a model with clinical factors and the four SNPs. In conclusion, germline genetic variation in LMO2 was associated with DLBCL prognosis and provided slightly stronger predictive ability relative to LMO2 IHC status.
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15
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Morton LM, Cerhan JR, Hartge P, Vasef MA, Neppalli VT, Natkunam Y, Dogan A, Dave BJ, Jain S, Levy R, Lossos IS, Cozen W, Davis S, Schenk MJ, Maurer MJ, Lynch CF, Rothman N, Chatterjee N, Yu K, Staudt LM, Weisenburger DD, Wang SS. Immunostaining to identify molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a population-based epidemiologic study in the pre-rituximab era. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet 2011; 2:245-252. [PMID: 21915363 PMCID: PMC3166152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling studies have distinguished diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) by cell of origin, with distinct pathogenetic mechanisms and prognosis. We attempted to identify DLBCL molecular subtypes in an epidemiologic study of 214 DLBCL patients diagnosed during 1998-2000 with archival tissues to investigate etiology. Immunohistochemical staining for CD10, BCL6, LMO2, MUM1/IRF4, and BCL2 and fluorescence in situ hybridization for t(14;18) were conducted, with ≥93% blinded duplicate agreement. CD10, LMO2, and BCL2 expression was similar to previous reports (32%, 44%, and 44% of DLBCLs, respectively), but BCL6 and MUM1/IRF4 expression was lower than expected (29% and 5%, respectively). We classified 112/214 (52%) cases as germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL (GCB-DLBCL; Hans et al., Blood 2004; CD10+ or CD10-/BCL6+/MUM1-), with no difference in prognosis compared with non-GCB-DLBCL (Cox regression, P=0.48). Comparing other GCB correlates, LMO2 expression and t(14;18) were more common but not exclusive to GCB-DLBCL as defined in our study, whereas BCL2 expression did not differ between DLBCL molecular subtypes. We could not confidently identify patients with GCB-DLBCL using these immunohistochemistry-based markers on archival tissues.
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Chang CM, Wang SS, Dave BJ, Jain S, Vasef MA, Weisenburger DD, Cozen W, Davis S, Severson RK, Lynch CF, Rothman N, Cerhan JR, Hartge P, Morton LM. Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes defined by histology and t(14;18) in a population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 2010; 129:938-47. [PMID: 20949561 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The t(14;18) chromosomal translocation is the most common cytogenetic abnormality in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), occurring in 70-90% of follicular lymphomas (FL) and 30-50% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Previous t(14;18)-NHL studies have not evaluated risk factors for NHL defined by both t(14;18) status and histology. In this population-based case-control study, t(14;18) status was determined in DLBCL cases using fluorescence in situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded tumor sections. Polytomous logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between a wide variety of exposures and t(14;18)-positive (N=109) and -negative DLBCL (N=125) and FL (N=318), adjusting for sex, age, race, and study center. Taller height, more lifetime surgeries, and PCB180 exposure were associated with t(14;18)-positivity. Taller individuals (third tertile vs. first tertile) had elevated risks of t(14;18)-positive DLBCL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.0) and FL (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.0-1.9) but not t(14;18)-negative DLBCL. Similar patterns were seen for individuals with more lifetime surgeries (13+ vs. 0-12 surgeries; t(14;18)-positive DLBCL OR=1.4, 95%CI 0.7-2.7; FL OR=1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.5) and individuals exposed to PCB180 greater than 20.8 ng/g (t(14;18)-positive DLBCL OR=1.3, 95%CI 0.6-2.9; FL OR=1.7, 95%CI 1.0-2.8). In contrast, termite treatment and high alpha-chlordane levels were associated with t(14;18)-negative DLBCL only, suggesting that these exposures do not act through t(14;18). Our findings suggest that putative associations between NHL and height, surgeries, and PCB180 may be t(14;18)-mediated and provide support for case-subtyping based on molecular and histologic subtypes. Future efforts should focus on pooling data to confirm and extend previous research on risk factors for t(14;18)-NHL subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Chang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Worcester HD, Vasef MA. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23 abnormality coexisting with refractory metastatic Ewing sarcoma: report of a case and review of the literature. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2010; 13:50-4. [PMID: 19925255 DOI: 10.2350/09-03-621-cr.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intensified chemotherapy is one of the strategies currently used in the treatment of children with metastatic Ewing sarcoma. However, the increasing dose intensity has not significantly improved the event-free survival. We report a patient who initially presented with localized Ewing sarcoma and later developed metastatic disease that required dose-intensified chemotherapy. The patient's Ewing sarcoma remained refractory to treatment despite continuous intensified chemotherapy and was complicated by a therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23 abnormality. Examination of bone marrow at the last clinical follow up demonstrated both acute myeloid leukemia and residual metastatic Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath D Worcester
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA
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18
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Schuetz MJ, Zafar N, Vasef MA. Instances of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Morphologically Mimicking Other Subtypes of B-Cell Lymphoid Proliferation. South Med J 2009; 102:369-73. [DOI: 10.1097/smj.0b013e31819b6cb7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Rosenbaum L, Fekrazad MH, Rabinowitz I, Vasef MA. Epstein-Barr virus-associated inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen: report of two cases and review of the literature. J Hematop 2009; 2:127-31. [PMID: 19669195 PMCID: PMC2725282 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-009-0030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report two rare examples of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen. One patient presented with night sweats, abdominal pain, and weight loss and was found to have a splenic mass on CT scan suspected of lymphoma. The splenic mass in second patient was found incidentally at the time of work up for kidney stones. The pathologic examination of these splenectomy specimens showed similar histologic features. However, the spindle cells were composed of EBV-infected follicular dendritic cells in one case whereas the second case lacked significant follicular dendritic cell proliferation and showed only focal EBV-infected cells suggesting that these proliferations are heterogenous in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizabeth Rosenbaum
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - M. Houman Fekrazad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Ian Rabinowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Mohammad A. Vasef
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM USA
- Department of Pathology MSC08 4640, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
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20
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Wang HY, Ding J, Vasef MA, Wilson KS. A bcr3/short form PML-RARalpha transcript in an acute promyelocytic leukemia resulted from a derivative chromosome 17 due to submicroscopic insertion of the PML gene into the RARalpha locus. Am J Clin Pathol 2009; 131:64-71. [PMID: 19095567 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpe0l7cijzbifr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. Submicroscopic insertion of RARalpha into PML, resulting in PML-RARalpha from derivative chromosome 15, has been rarely reported. Herein, we describe a functional PML-RARalpha transcript from the long arm of derivative chromosome 17 in a patient with microgranular APL. The conventional karyotype showed normal chromosomes 15 and 17. It is interesting that interphase and metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridizations demonstrated a fusion signal on the long arm of one chromosome 17 homolog, with both PML and RARalpha still present on chromosomes 15 and 17, respectively, although the signal on one chromosome 15 was weaker, indicating partial loss of the PML gene. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed a transcript corresponding to a break cluster region 3 (bcr3) short form PML-RARalpha. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an APL with a bcr3/short form PML-RARalpha transcript generated from derivative chromosome 17 due to submicroscopic insertion of the PML gene into the RARalpha locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-You Wang
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
| | - Jiantao Ding
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
| | | | - Kathleen S. Wilson
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
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Abstract
Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) overexpressing breast carcinomas have a more aggressive clinical behavior and their tumors are often hormone receptor negative. However, the recently introduced anti-HER-2 antibody trastuzumab has been proven to improve the survival and controls the disease in a significant proportion of these patients. Therefore, the analysis of HER-2 in patients with breast cancer has become an important and routine test to select those who may benefit from the gene-based targeted therapy trastuzumab (herceptin). There is good correlation between HER-2/neu protein overexpression and HER-2 gene amplification in breast cancer. However, inconsistent results have been reported in the rate of HER-2/neu protein overexpression in other malignant neoplasms. Furthermore, only rare studies have investigated the correlation between the HER-2/neu protein overexpression and the status of HER-2 gene in these tumors. We investigated the HER-2 gene and protein status in several cases of Paget disease of the nipple and vulva by using a chromogenic in situ hybridization assay and immunohistochemistry. We find that the majority of the Paget disease of the breast demonstrate HER-2 gene amplification, whereas most of the extramammary Paget disease lack HER-2 gene amplification. In addition, our results show a good correlation between HER-2/neu protein overexpression and HER-2 gene amplification in Paget disease of the nipple, but we were unable to confirm this correlation in HER-2/neu protein overexpressing Paget disease of the vulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Bianco
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA
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22
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McCune RC, Syrbu SI, Vasef MA. Expression profiling of transcription factors Pax-5, Oct-1, Oct-2, BOB.1, and PU.1 in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a comparative study using high throughput tissue microarrays. Mod Pathol 2006; 19:1010-8. [PMID: 16648862 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of B-cell-specific transcription factors is useful in understanding of the differentiation-linked phenotype in Hodgkin's as well as in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. We analyzed the expression profiling of transcription factors Pax-5, Oct-1, Oct-2, BOB.1, and PU.1 in 109 cases, including non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B- and T-lineage, classical Hodgkin's lymphomas, and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphomas. Our study revealed that all transcription factors were universally expressed in all cases of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's and variably expressed in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B-lineage. Cases of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma variably expressed the Pax-5, Oct-1, Oct-2, and BOB.1. However, in contrast to nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma, the transcription factor PU.1 was consistently absent in all cases of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. Transcription factors Pax-5, BOB.1, and PU.1 were not detectable in cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. However, the Oct-1 was detected in all anaplastic large cells lymphoma cases, indicating that expression of this transcription factor was not restricted to B-lineage lymphoid malignancies. Our findings suggest that inclusion of the PU.1 antibody may prove useful in separating classical Hodgkin's lymphomas from nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphomas in problematic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C McCune
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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23
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Askeland RW, Bromley C, Vasef MA. Detection of HER-2/ neu Gene Amplification Using Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization and Tissue Microarray: Correlation with HER-2/ neu Protein Expression Using Immunohistochemistry. J Histotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1179/014788805794775398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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24
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Askeland RW, Bromley C, Vasef MA. Detection of HER-2/ neuGene Amplification Using Chromogenic In SituHybridization and Tissue Microarray: Correlation with HER-2/ neuProtein Expression Using Immunohistochemistry. J Histotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2005.28.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Lymphoproliferative disorders following organ transplantation are often Epstein-Barr virus-related high-grade B-cell lymphoid proliferations. Posttransplant low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders are uncommon. We report a low-grade follicular lymphoma with typical follicle center cell immunophenotype and t(14;18) translocation involving the major breakpoint region in a liver recipient.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization
- Liver Transplantation/adverse effects
- Liver Transplantation/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/virology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/virology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/etiology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Male
- Postoperative Complications
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Racz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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26
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Vasef MA, Ubaidat MA, Khalidi HS, Almasri NM, Al-Abbadi M, Annab HZ. Association between Epstein-Barr virus and classic Hodgkin lymphoma in Jordan: a comparative study with Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin lymphoma in North America. South Med J 2004; 97:273-7. [PMID: 15043335 DOI: 10.1097/01.smj.0000090035.09019.8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An association between Epstein-Barr virus and Hodgkin lymphoma has been shown in several parts of the world. The reported incidence of Epstein-Barr virus in Hodgkin lymphoma varies significantly from one country to another and ranges from <30% in Swedish patients to 100% in patients from Kenya. Using in situ hybridization for detection of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA and immunohistochemistry for detection of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein, we analyzed 28 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma from Jordan and 30 cases from the United States. Eight of 28 Jordanian cases and 9 of 30 North American cases were Epstein-Barr virus positive. Our studies show that the incidence of Epstein-Barr virus among Jordanian patients with Hodgkin lymphoma is similar to the rate in patients from the United States. This rate appears to be low to intermediate compared with rates in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Vasef
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA.
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27
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Khalkhali-Ellis Z, Christian AL, Kirschmann DA, Edwards EM, Rezaie-Thompson M, Vasef MA, Gruman LM, Seftor REB, Norwood LE, Hendrix MJC. Regulating the Tumor Suppressor Gene Maspin in Breast Cancer Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:449-54. [PMID: 14760064 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-1002-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mammary epithelial cells and the majority of breast cancer tumors require estrogen for continued growth. Antiestrogen therapy alone, or in combination with other drugs, has long been a common procedure for breast cancer treatment and prophylaxis. Thus, there is a critical need to elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of antiestrogen treatment, especially for patients who are at risk of breast cancer development or who are currently receiving hormone therapy. In this study, we examined the ability of hormones to regulate the expression of a tumor suppressor gene, maspin, which is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that plays an important role in mammary gland development and is silenced during breast cancer progression. Specifically, our hypothesis tested the clinical efficacy of tamoxifen to regulate maspin expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used maspin promoter luciferase reporter plasmids that were transfected into normal human mammary epithelial (HMEC1331) and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, followed by determination of the effect of hormones and their antagonists on maspin promoter activity. At the protein level, cytosolic fractions from both cell types before and after hormone treatment were subjected to Western blot analysis to determine maspin level. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our studies revealed that the antiestrogen tamoxifen induces maspin promoter activity. Interestingly, antiandrogen flutamide could also induce maspin in both cell lines tested. These observations were further confirmed in patient tissues. These novel findings provide a new mechanism of action for tamoxifen under normal and pathological conditions. More significantly, these findings could have a potential impact on future therapeutic intervention strategies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Khalkhali-Ellis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1109, USA.
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28
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Nerheim PL, Meier JL, Vasef MA, Li WG, Hu L, Rice JB, Gavrila D, Richenbacher WE, Weintraub NL. Enhanced cytomegalovirus infection in atherosclerotic human blood vessels. Am J Pathol 2004; 164:589-600. [PMID: 14742264 PMCID: PMC1602282 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2003] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a possible co-factor in atherogenesis and vascular occlusion, but its ability to actively infect medium and large blood vessels is unclear. A vascular explant model was adapted to investigate CMV infection in human coronary artery, internal mammary artery (IMA), and saphenous vein (SV). Vascular explants were inoculated with CMV Towne or low-passage clinical isolate and examined in situ for CMV cytopathic effect and immediate-early and early antigens, as indicators of active infection. At 5 to 7 days after inoculation, we found that CMV Towne actively infected eight of eight different atherosclerotic blood vessel explants (coronary artery, n = 4; SV and IMA grafts, n = 4), whereas it only infected 2 of 14 nonatherosclerotic blood vessel explants (SV, n = 10; IMA, n = 4) (P = 0.001). The CMV clinical isolate actively infected none of six sets of nonatherosclerotic SV explants at 5 to 7 days after inoculation. The active CMV infections involved adventitial and, less frequently, intimal cells. A small subset of infected cells in atherosclerotic tissue expresses the endothelial cell marker CD31. Smooth muscle cells residing in both atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic blood vessels were free of active CMV infections even after all vascular tissue layers were exposed to the virus. In contrast, active CMV Towne infection was evident at 2 days after inoculation in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells previously isolated from the SV tissues. We conclude that active CMV infection is enhanced in atherosclerotic blood vessels compared to atherosclerosis-free vascular equivalents, and this viral activity is restricted to subpopulations of intimal and adventitial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Nerheim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA
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29
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Lynch BA, Vasef MA, Comito M, Gilman AL, Lee N, Ritchie J, Rumelhart S, Holida M, Goldman F. Effect of in vivo lymphocyte-depleting strategies on development of lymphoproliferative disorders in children post allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 32:527-33. [PMID: 12942101 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T cell depletion (TCD) of marrow is a proven method of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Nonetheless, TCD is associated with an increased risk of developing post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Between 1986 and 1998, 241 pediatric patients at the University of Iowa underwent BMT using ex vivo TCD of marrow from mismatched related or matched unrelated donors. Additional GVHD prophylaxis included antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or anti lymphocyte globulin (ALG) post transplant (in vivo TCD). A total of 30 cases of PTLD were identified based upon a combination of clinical, histological, and immunological features. Nearly all cases occurred within 3 months post BMT. A statistically significant increase in PTLD incidence was noted for patients treated with ATG vs ALG (33 vs 9%). While grade I-II acute GVHD was more common in patients receiving ATG vs ALG, no difference in grade III-IV GVHD or overall survival was noted between the two groups. Assessment of immune recovery at various times post BMT revealed significantly fewer T cells in the ATG-treated group, suggesting the deleterious effect of ATG may be due to excessive depletion of donor-derived Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. Thus, caution should be exercised in the use of anti-T-cell antibody therapy for additional GVHD prophylaxis in the setting of TCD BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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30
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Ranguelov RD, Rosenthal N, Bromley C, Vasef MA. Detection of factor V leiden and prothrombin gene mutations in patients who died with thrombotic events. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002; 126:1193-6. [PMID: 12296757 DOI: 10.5858/2002-126-1193-dofvla] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Individuals with factor V or prothrombin gene mutations are at increased risk for thrombotic events. Furthermore, the risk of recurrent deep venous thrombosis in heterozygous carriers of both factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations is high enough that some investigators suggest lifelong warfarin prophylaxis for these individuals, even with a single spontaneous thrombotic event. OBJECTIVES To assess the incidence of factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations in an autopsy population and to determine if these tests can prove useful in identification of at-risk family members. DESIGN We analyzed factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations in 45 patients who died with or of thrombotic events, using archival tissue and multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification. The wild-type factor V gene was amplified in all 45 patients, whereas the wild-type prothrombin gene was amplified in 29 patients. RESULTS Two patients (4.4%) who died with thrombotic events at the ages of 35 and 92 years were heterozygous for factor V gene mutation. Two additional patients (6.7%), who died with thrombotic events at the ages of 26 and 39 years, were heterozygous for prothrombin gene mutation. Patients homozygous for either factor V or prothrombin gene or simultaneously heterozygous for both genes were not detected in our study. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that screening the relatives of elderly patients who die with thrombotic events would not be cost-effective because of the low incidence of these mutations in the autopsy population. However, because the incidence of these mutations appeared significantly more frequently among individuals who died at 39 years or younger, testing the relatives of this subset of patients may prove useful for detection of at-risk individuals who would benefit from preventive anticoagulation therapy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between microvessel density, as measured by CD31 staining, and histopathologic factors as well as p53 tumor suppressor gene mutation in ovarian cancer. METHODS Ovarian cancers (n = 77) were analyzed for p53 gene mutations and CD31 immunohistochemical expression. Histopathologic and mutational data were related to CD31 staining utilizing the Mantel correlation statistic. The microvessel density was scored by averaging counts from three high-power (200x) fields. Survival was based upon maximizing the hazard ratio. RESULTS The mean microvessel density counts based on CD31 staining (vessels/HPF) for each FIGO stage and mutation type are as follows: Stage I (10.2), Stage II (10.7), Stage III (13.8), Stage IV (22.0), wild-type p53 (9.3), missense p53 mutation (14.4), and null p53 mutation (23.1). There was a significant correlation between microvessel density count and FIGO stage (P = 0.026), grade (P = 0.04), and p53 mutation type (P = 0.02). Median survival was more than doubled (6.4 vs 2.9 years; P = 0.009) for tumors with microvessel density counts less than or equal to 14 vessels/HPF. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with the hypothesis that ovarian cancer p53 mutation functions to directly influence angiogenesis, which in turn compromises disease-specific survival. It also suggests validity to targeting p53 alterations with gene replacement as well as the use of antiangiogenesis agents as novel molecular-based therapeutics for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Goodheart
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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32
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Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a T-cell malignancy closely associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-I). Because of its long latency period, ATLL occurs almost exclusively in adults. We report a case of a 13-year-old boy with an 8-year history of skin eruptions. After complete evaluation, a diagnosis of HTLV-I-associated lymphoma/leukemia was made. The T-cell lymphoma exhibited a granulomatous histomorphology. There have been very few reports of ATLL presenting in childhood and none, to our knowledge, demonstrating granulomatous histology. We conclude that ATLL may rarely present as a chronic granulomatous eruption in a child.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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33
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Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are heterogeneous. Recently, a novel subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurring mostly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described and designated as plasmablastic lymphoma. The histomorphologic and immunophenotypic findings of this distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been characterized previously. Most patients present with oral cavity involvement. We report a case of plasmablastic lymphoma presenting as a lung tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of this unusual subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in this location.
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MESH Headings
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/virology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/immunology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/virology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Middle Aged
- Plasma Cells/pathology
- Proteoglycans/analysis
- Syndecans
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
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Vasef MA, Ross JS, Cohen MB. Telomerase activity in human solid tumors. Diagnostic utility and clinical applications. Am J Clin Pathol 1999; 112:S68-75. [PMID: 10396302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is expressed in almost all human malignant processes but not in benign and normal tissues, with the exception of germline and stem cells. Because of its prevalent expression and potential as a target for cancer therapy, telomerase is the subject of intense investigation, and numerous papers have been published. We present the most recent findings on the association between telomerase activity and human malignancies, recent developments in methods of telomerase detection, telomerase utility in monitoring of patients with cancer for residual or recurrent disease, and potential usefulness of telomerase in treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
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Vasef MA, Brynes RK, Sturm M, Bromley C, Robinson RA. Expression of cyclin D1 in parathyroid carcinomas, adenomas, and hyperplasias: a paraffin immunohistochemical study. Mod Pathol 1999; 12:412-6. [PMID: 10229506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the frequency of cyclin D1 protein expression in normal and neoplastic parathyroid tissue (10 parathyroid carcinomas, 28 adenomas, 18 hyperplasias, and 32 normal parathyroid glands) with use of a monoclonal anticyclin D1 antibody and a heat-induced epitope retrieval method. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was identified in 10 (91%) of 11 biopsy specimens from 10 patients with parathyroid carcinomas and in 11 (39%) of 28 parathyroid adenomas. In addition, 11 (61%) of 18 cases of parathyroid hyperplasia also expressed cyclin D1 protein, an observation not reported previously. These results confirm the high frequency of cyclin D1 expression in parathyroid carcinomas and adenomas. In addition, the results of this study indicate that overexpression of cyclin D1 protein is not limited to neoplastic proliferations of parathyroid tissue but is also seen in non-neoplastic proliferations of parathyroid gland. Cyclin D1 protein expression was rarely (<6%) present in normal parathyroid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.
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Vasef MA, Neiman RS, Meletiou SD, Platz CE. Marked granulocytic proliferation induced by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the spleen simulating a myeloid leukemic infiltrate. Mod Pathol 1998; 11:1138-41. [PMID: 9831213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a patient with a long-standing history of systemic lupus erythematosus and leukopenia who received multiple intermittent doses of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and who underwent splenectomy because of a clinical impression of sequestration of granulocytes by the spleen. Histologic evaluation of the spleen revealed marked granulocytic hyperplasia with an increase in immature myeloid precursors, morphologically indistinguishable from a myeloid leukemic infiltrate. A postsplenectomy bone marrow aspirate and biopsy revealed a normocellular bone marrow with active hematopoiesis and trilineage maturation. The bone marrow aspirate cultured cells showed no numeric or structural chromosomal abnormality. Extramedullary hematopoiesis after receipt of G-CSF was previously reported, but, to our knowledge, ours is the first report of morphologic changes virtually identical to a leukemic infiltrate in spleen after G-CSF treatment. We describe the histologic and immunohistochemical findings in the spleen, compare our observations with those of others reported in the literature, and postulate a possible mechanism for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.
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Vasef MA, Brynes RK, Murata-Collins JL, Arber DA, Medeiros LJ. Surface immunoglobulin light chain-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia of FAB L1 or L2 type: a report of 6 cases in adults. Am J Clin Pathol 1998; 110:143-9. [PMID: 9704611 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/110.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of B-cell lineage may be classified using the French-American-British (FAB) classification as L1, L2, or L3 type. L1 and L2 ALLs characteristically express terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and are surface immunoglobulin (sIg)-negative. In contrast, L3 ALL is typically TdT-negative and sIg-positive. However, in a few large studies of children with ALL, sIg expression has been reported in less than 2% of L1 and L2 neoplasms. In these sIg-positive cases, IgM usually has been detected, with Ig light chain in a subset of tumors. Surface Ig expression in L1 or L2 ALL in adults is extremely rare; we found only 1 case report in the English literature. We report 6 cases of L1 or L2 ALL with an unusual immunophenotype arising in adults. In each tumor, the neoplastic cells expressed monotypic sIg light chain (4 lambda, 2 kappa) and TdT. Three tumors expressed CD34. Cytogenetic studies in 4 cases at diagnosis or relapse revealed no evidence of chromosomal translocations involving the c-myc locus, such as the t(8;14), t(2;8), or t(8;22). Three patients responded completely to chemotherapy and are alive; follow-up ranges from 18 to 57 months. Three patients died at 3, 13, and 14 months after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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Vasef MA, Murata-Collins JL, Alsabeh R, Medeiros LJ. Trisomy 14 in myelodysplastic syndromes: report of two cases and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1998; 122:77-83. [PMID: 9448022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the pathologic features of two cases of myelodysplastic syndrome associated with trisomy 14 and to summarize the relevant literature. RESULTS In both cases, trisomy 14 was identified using conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization methods. The patients were elderly men, 70 and 77 years old, who presented with anemia and thrombocytopenia. According to the French-American-British classification, case 1 was classified as refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts, and case 2 was classified as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. In both cases, the aspirate smears revealed obvious abnormalities in erythroid and megakaryocytic maturation, with more subtle abnormalities in myeloid maturation. The biopsy sections were hypercellular, and there was marked myeloid hyperplasia in case 2. Both patients received only supportive therapy after the diagnosis was established. Clinical follow-up was available for both patients. The patient in case 1 died 67 months after disease onset of an unrelated illness, and the patient in case 2 was alive at last follow-up, 12 months after diagnosis. LITERATURE REVIEW Thirty-five cases of trisomy 14 have been previously reported in the literature, predominantly in cytogenetics journals, and the description of the pathologic findings for the majority of these cases is limited or not provided. According to published data, the majority of these cases are myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukemias associated with myelodysplasia. CONCLUSIONS The detection of trisomy 14 in the bone marrow strongly correlates with the presence of a myelodysplastic syndrome. The two cases of myelodysplastic syndrome associated with trisomy 14 we describe here did not exhibit characteristic morphologic findings that might suggest the presence of the cytogenetic abnormality.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Anemia, Refractory/blood
- Anemia, Refractory/genetics
- Anemia, Refractory/pathology
- Blood Cell Count
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Erythrocytes/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/complications
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/pathology
- Male
- Megakaryocytes/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/complications
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Syndrome
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, Calif 91010, USA
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Vasef MA, Medeiros LJ, Yospur LS, Sun NC, McCourty A, Brynes RK. Cyclin D1 protein in multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma: an immunohistochemical study using fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Mod Pathol 1997; 10:927-32. [PMID: 9310957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed 69 plasma cell neoplasms, including 54 multiple myelomas (MMs), 3 cases of plasma cell leukemia, and 12 plasmacytomas, for expression of cyclin D1 protein using an immuno-histochemical method applied to routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Cyclin D1 was expressed in 18 (26%) of 69 plasma cell neoplasms, including 16 (30%) of 54 MMs and 2 (17%) of 12 plasmacytomas. Three cases of plasma cell leukemia were negative. Cyclin D1 expression correlated with the cytologic differentiation and histologic stage of MM. Twelve (75%) of 16 MMs had intermediate or immature cytologic features and were histologic Stage III. With use of a polymerase chain reaction assay, we also analyzed six cases (three cyclin D1 positive, three cyclin D1 negative) for the t(11;14); one MM carried the t(11;14) and expressed cyclin D1 protein. We conclude that cyclin D1 expression occurs in approximately one-quarter of plasma cell neoplasms and correlates with the degree of cytologic differentiation and histologic stage. The relatively high frequency of cyclin D1 expression, compared with the less than 5% incidence of the t(11;14) detected by conventional cytogenetics reported in the literature, suggests that upregulation of cyclin D1 protein might be the result of mechanisms other than the t(11;14).
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Vasef MA, Medeiros LJ, Koo C, McCourty A, Brynes RK. Cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining is useful in distinguishing mantle cell lymphoma from other low-grade B-cell neoplasms in bone marrow. Am J Clin Pathol 1997; 108:302-7. [PMID: 9291459 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/108.3.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The distinction between mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and other low-grade B-cell neoplasms is important because MCL has a more aggressive clinical course. In bone marrow biopsy specimens, this distinction can be especially difficult. We examined 70 bone marrow biopsy specimens involved by various B-cell lymphoid neoplasms to assess the utility of cyclin D1 immunostaining in distinguishing MCL from other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. We used a cocktail of two monoclonal anti-cyclin D1 antibodies and a heat- and sonication-induced epitope retrieval procedure. The neoplasms assessed included MCL (32 cases), small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (18 cases), follicular lymphoma (11 cases), hairy cell leukemia (5 cases), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (2 cases), and small lymphocytic lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation (2 cases). The diagnosis of MCL in bone marrow was confirmed by review of the original diagnostic biopsy specimens along with additional data, such as immunophenotypic or molecular studies. Most MCL (23/32; 72%) cases expressed cyclin D1 protein. In contrast, one case of small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1/18; 6%) and one case of hairy cell leukemia (1/5; 20%) expressed cyclin D1 protein. These findings demonstrate that immunostaining for cyclin D1 protein expression is useful in distinguishing MCL from other B-cell lymphoid neoplasms in the bone marrow.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Bone Marrow/chemistry
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Bone Marrow Neoplasms/chemistry
- Bone Marrow Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Bone Marrow Neoplasms/pathology
- Cyclin D1
- Cyclins/analysis
- Cyclins/immunology
- Cyclins/metabolism
- DNA Primers/analysis
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/chemistry
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/chemistry
- Lymphoma, Follicular/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/chemistry
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins/analysis
- Oncogene Proteins/immunology
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Pathology, Clinical/methods
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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Vasef MA, Alsabeh R, Jeffrey Medeiros L, Weiss LM. Immunophenotype of Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin’s Cells in Sequential Biopsy Specimens of Hodgkin’s Disease: A Paraffin-Section Immunohistochemical Study Using the Heat-Induced Epitope Retrieval Method. Am J Clin Pathol 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/108.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Vasef
- The Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Randa Alsabeh
- The Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - L. Jeffrey Medeiros
- The Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Lawrence M. Weiss
- The Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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Vasef MA, Alsabeh R, Medeiros LJ, Weiss LM. Immunophenotype of Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells in sequential biopsy specimens of Hodgkin's disease: a paraffin-section immunohistochemical study using the heat-induced epitope retrieval method. Am J Clin Pathol 1997; 108:54-9. [PMID: 9208978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Other studies have shown that the immunophenotype of Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's (RS-H) cells in Hodgkin's disease commonly changes over time, as shown by examination of multiple biopsy specimens obtained from an individual patient. In this study we analyzed 96 sequential biopsy specimens (>1 month apart) obtained from 44 patients (nodular sclerosis, 34 specimens; mixed cellularity, 5; lymphocyte depletion, 1; unclassified, 4) using fixed, paraffin-embedded sections; heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER); a panel of antibodies specific for the CD3, CD15, CD20, CD30, CD43, CD45/45RB, and CD79a antigens and Epstein-Barr virus latent-membrane protein; and a streptavidin-biotin method. In selected cases in which immunophenotypic changes occurred, studies were repeated using enzyme predigestion instead of HIER. There was no change in the immunophenotype of the RS-H cells in 36 (82%) of 44 patients. In 8 patients (18%), the immunophenotype of the RS-H cells varied in expression of one or two antigens. The antigens that varied were as follows: CD30, 3 patients; CD15, 3 patients; CD20, 1 patient; and CD15 and CD30, 1 patient. We conclude that the immunophenotype of RS-H cells in Hodgkin's disease is relatively stable over time and that CD15 and CD30 are the most common antigens that change. The frequency of immunophenotypic changes, 18%, is substantially lower than that reported previously. One likely explanation for this discrepancy is that we used HIER, a relatively recent innovation in diagnostic immunohistochemistry that has been shown to reduce artifacts attributable to inconsistent fixation and processing. The significance of immunophenotypic variation in eight cases (18%) is uncertain. This phenomenon may represent true biologic changes in RS-H cells. Alternatively, these changes may be attributable to artifacts secondary to inconsistent fixation or processing that HIER cannot overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial tumor with a distinct geographic distribution and characteristic histologic appearance. It is rare in Europe and North America, but it is among the most common cancers in southern China. Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) all have been associated with the pathogenesis of this tumor. There is an increasing body of evidence that among all these factors, EBV appears to be the strongest and most consistently related factor. According to the current sensitive in situ hybridization methods for the detection of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER), almost 100% of cases of NPC, irrespective of their histologic subtypes, have demonstrable EBERs in the nuclei of the tumor cells. In this review paper, we discuss the predisposing genetic and environmental factors and the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of this tumor with particular emphasis on the role of EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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Vasef MA, Weiss LM, Chen YY, Medeiros LJ. Gastric lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma and jejunal B-cell MALT lymphoma with large cell transformation. Demonstration of EBV with identical LMP gene deletions in the carcinoma and large cell lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 105:560-6. [PMID: 8623763 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/105.5.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors describe a patient with gastric lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) and jejunal low grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) with histologic transformation to large cell lymphoma. In situ hybridization studies for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) demonstrated abundant EBV RNA (EBER) within the neoplastic cells of the gastric LELC and the jejunal large cell lymphoma. The low grade MALT lymphoma was EBER negative. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies confirmed the in situ hybridization results, and demonstrated a 30 base pair deletion in the 3' end of the latent membrane protein gene in both the gastric LELC and the jejunal large cell lymphoma. These results suggest that the same viral strain infected both the stomach and jejunal tumors. In addition, the finding of EBV in the large cell lymphoma, but not the low grade component suggests that EBV may have played a role in large cell transformation.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Jejunal Neoplasms/genetics
- Jejunal Neoplasms/pathology
- Jejunal Neoplasms/virology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/virology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Stomach Neoplasms/virology
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Alsabeh R, Wilson CS, Ahn CW, Vasef MA, Battifora H. Expression of bcl-2 by breast cancer: a possible diagnostic application. Mod Pathol 1996; 9:439-44. [PMID: 8729986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Expression of bcl-2 is most commonly associated with the t(14;18) translocation present in most folicular lymphomas (1). More recently, bcl-2 oncoprotein has been identified in normal tissues and in nonhematologic malignancies. In this study, we investigate the use of bcl-2 as a marker to distinguish metastatic breast carcinoma from primary lung and gastric cancers, and we evaluate the role of bcl-2 as an independent prognostic factor in breast carcinoma and its relationship to other breast cancer markers. bcl-2 immunostains were done on 371 adenocarcinomas of the breast, lung, and stomach. Additionally, 231 samples of metastases from patients with breast or gastric cancer were evaluated for bcl-2 expression. All breast cancer tissue samples had immunohistochemical data on expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, p53, neu/cerb2, and MIB-1. A large proportion (79.3%) of invasive breast carcinomas expressed bcl-2, whereas only 5.6% and 8.3% of pulmonary and gastric carcinomas did. Moreover, staining was moderate to intense in 70.2% of the breast cancers, compared with only one specimen of lung carcinoma (1.9%) and gastric carcinoma (0.9%) that showed moderate staining. There was agreement of bcl-2 expression between primary and metastatic sites in all specimens except one. Expression of bcl-2 in breast adenocarcinomas was significantly associated with hormone receptor positivity and low histologic grade. Nonetheless, 20.6% of bcl-2-positive specimens were estrogen receptor negative and 24.2% of bcl-2-positive specimens were progesterone receptor negative. Neither the presence nor the absence of bcl-2 expression significantly predicted disease-free survival or overall survival in patients with breast cancer. We conclude that adenocarcinomas with intense bcl-2 staining are more likely to be of breast than of pulmonary or gastric origin. We recommend the addition of bcl-2 to a panel of antibodies (estrogen receptor, GCDFP-15, and S100) that might contribute to the identification of a larger proportion of metastatic breast carcinomas, because almost one-half of the estrogen-receptor negative cancers were bcl-2 positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alsabeh
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Vasef MA, Zaatari GS, Chan WC, Sun NC, Weiss LM, Brynes RK. Dendritic cell tumors associated with low-grade B-cell malignancies. Report of three cases. Am J Clin Pathol 1995; 104:696-701. [PMID: 8526215 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/104.6.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Indeterminate and interdigitating cell tumors are rare proliferations of immunoregulatory cells that demonstrate morphologic, immunologic, and ultrastructural features similar to their cells of origin. Although an association of lymphoproliferative disease with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is well described, only sporadic cases of non-Langerhans' dendritic cell proliferations have been published. The authors describe three patients with low grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disease who developed subsequent indeterminate cell or interdigitating cell tumors. When the two cases of indeterminate cell tumor are added to those previously described in the literature, it appears that 4 of 13 cases (31%) are associated with a history of low grade B-cell malignancy. Possible explanations for the relationship between these two disorders are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/complications
- Lymphoma, Follicular/complications
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Microscopy, Electron
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/chemistry
- Neoplasms/complications
- Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Division of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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Vasef MA, Kamel OW, Chen YY, Medeiros LJ, Weiss LM. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sites involved by Hodgkin's disease. Am J Pathol 1995; 147:1408-15. [PMID: 7485403 PMCID: PMC1869524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissues obtained from 14 patients with multiple anatomic sites involved by Hodgkin's disease were studied for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) using in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) 1 and immunohistochemical methods for EBV latent membrane protein (LMP) expression. Each patient in this study had two to five separately involved anatomic sites, and all biopsy sites, a total of 43 specimens, were analyzed for EBV. EBV was detected in 6 of 14 (42.8%) patients with Hodgkin's disease, including 5 of 11 (45.4%) with nodular sclerosis and 1 of 3 (33%) with mixed cellularity. In these six patients, all biopsy sites were positive for both EBER1 and LMP. In the EBV-positive cases were analyzed the 3'-end of the EBV LMP1 gene in al sites of disease using polymerase chain reaction. In three patients all sites of disease had a 30-base pair deletion. In two patients, there was discordance between sites of disease, with LMP1 gene deletions in some sites and other sites with the LMP1 gene in the germline configuration. The results of this study demonstrate that EBV, when found in Hodgkin's disease, is detectable in all anatomic sites involved. The presence of the same 30-base pair deletion in the EBV LMP1 gene in all sites of disease in three patients suggests that the deletion occurred before dissemination and that all sites are clonally related. However, the discordance between anatomic sites in two patients suggests that LMP1 gene deletion may also occur as a later event, after dissemination. These results lend further support to the hypothesis that EBV plays a role in the pathogenesis of a subset of cases of Hodgkin's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vasef
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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