1
|
Frelinger AL. Flow Cytometry and Platelets. Clin Lab Med 2024; 44:511-526. [PMID: 39089755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Clinical assessment of platelet activation by flow cytometry is useful in the characterization and diagnosis of platelet-specific disorders and as a measure of risk for thrombosis or bleeding. Platelets circulate in a resting, "unactivated" state, but when activated they undergo alterations in surface glycoprotein function and/or expression level, exposure of granule membrane proteins, and exposure of procoagulant phospholipids. Flow cytometry provides the means to detect these changes and, unlike other platelet tests, is appropriate for measuring platelet function in samples from patients with low platelet counts. The present review will focus on flow cytometric tests for platelet activation markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5737, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Q, Li W, Mao X, Miao S. Platelet FcγRIIA: An emerging regulator and biomarker in cardiovascular disease and cancer. Thromb Res 2024; 238:19-26. [PMID: 38643522 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Platelets, anucleate blood cells derive from megakaryocytes, are involved in cardiovascular diseases and tumors. FcγRIIA, the only FcγR expressed on human platelets, is known for its role in immune-related diseases. A growing body of evidence reveals that platelet FcγRIIA is a potential target for the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease and cancer, and is an advantageous biomarker. In this review, we describe the structure and physiological function of platelet FcγRIIA, its regulatory role in cardiovascular disease and cancer, and its potential clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenxian Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Miao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Wang X, Peng H, Dong Z, Liangpunsakul S, Zuo L, Wang H. Platelets in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Interaction With Neutrophils. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:41-52. [PMID: 38461963 PMCID: PMC11127035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major contributor to liver-related mortality globally. An increasing body of evidence underscores the pivotal role of platelets throughout the spectrum of liver injury and recovery, offering unique insights into liver homeostasis and pathobiology. Alcoholic-associated steatohepatitis is characterized by the infiltration of hepatic neutrophils. Recent studies have highlighted the extensive distance neutrophils travel through sinusoids to reach the liver injury site, relying on a platelet-paved endothelium for efficient crawling. The adherence of platelets to neutrophils is crucial for accurate migration from circulation to the inflammatory site. A gradual decline in platelet levels leads to diminished neutrophil recruitment. Platelets exhibit the ability to activate neutrophils. Platelet activation is heightened upon the release of platelet granule contents, which synergistically activate neutrophils through their respective receptors. The sequence culminates in the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps intensifies liver damage, fosters inflammatory immune responses, and triggers hepatotoxic processes. Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of alcohol-associated steatohepatitis, and the roles of neutrophils in ALD pathogenesis have been studied extensively, however, the involvement of platelets in ALD has received little attention. The current review consolidates recent findings on the intricate and diverse roles of platelets and neutrophils in liver pathophysiology and in ALD. Potential therapeutic strategies are highlighted, focusing on targeting platelet-neutrophil interactions and activation in ALD. The anticipation is that innovative methods for manipulating platelet and neutrophil functions will open promising avenues for future ALD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianda Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haodong Peng
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zijian Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Li Zuo
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for College Students, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carestia A, Godin LC, Jenne CN. Step up to the platelet: Role of platelets in inflammation and infection. Thromb Res 2023; 231:182-194. [PMID: 36307228 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are anucleated cells derived from megakaryocytes that are primarily responsible for hemostasis. However, in recent years, these cytoplasts have become increasingly recognized as immune cells, able to detect, interact with, and kill pathogens. As platelets are involved in both immunity and coagulation, they have a central role in immunothrombosis, a physiological process in which immune cells induce the formation of microthrombi to both prevent the spread of pathogens, and to help facilitate clearance. In this review, we will highlight the role of platelets as key players in the inflammatory and innate immune response against bacterial and viral infection, including direct and indirect interactions with pathogens and other immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Carestia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Laura C Godin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Zhao X, Shen B, Bai Y, Chang C, Stojanovic A, Wang C, Mack A, Deng G, Skidgel RA, Cheng N, Du X. Integrin β 3 directly inhibits the Gα 13-p115RhoGEF interaction to regulate G protein signaling and platelet exocytosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4966. [PMID: 37587112 PMCID: PMC10432399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrins and G protein-coupled receptors are both fundamental in cell biology. The cross talk between these two, however, is unclear. Here we show that β3 integrins negatively regulate G protein-coupled signaling by directly inhibiting the Gα13-p115RhoGEF interaction. Furthermore, whereas β3 deficiency or integrin antagonists inhibit integrin-dependent platelet aggregation and exocytosis (granule secretion), they enhance G protein-coupled RhoA activation and integrin-independent secretion. In contrast, a β3-derived Gα13-binding peptide or Gα13 knockout inhibits G protein-coupled RhoA activation and both integrin-independent and dependent platelet secretion without affecting primary platelet aggregation. In a mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo, the β3-derived Gα13-binding peptide inhibits platelet secretion of granule constituents, which exacerbates inflammation and ischemia/reperfusion injury. These data establish crucial integrin-G protein crosstalk, providing a rationale for therapeutic approaches that inhibit exocytosis in platelets and possibly other cells without adverse effects associated with loss of cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yanyan Bai
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Claire Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Aleksandra Stojanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Dupage Medical Technology, Inc., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Andrew Mack
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gary Deng
- Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | | | - Ni Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Janus-Bell E, Mangin PH. The relative importance of platelet integrins in hemostasis, thrombosis and beyond. Haematologica 2023; 108:1734-1747. [PMID: 36700400 PMCID: PMC10316258 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.282136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors composed of α and β chains, with an N-terminal extracellular domain forming a globular head corresponding to the ligand binding site. Integrins regulate various cellular functions including adhesion, migration, proliferation, spreading and apoptosis. On platelets, integrins play a central role in adhesion and aggregation on subendothelial matrix proteins of the vascular wall, thereby ensuring hemostasis. Platelet integrins belong either to the β1 family (α2β1, α5β1 and α6β1) or to the β3 family (αIIbβ3 and αvβ3). On resting platelets, integrins can engage their ligands when the latter are immobilized but not in their soluble form. The effects of various agonists promote an inside-out signal in platelets, increasing the affinity of integrins for their ligands and conveying a modest signal reinforcing platelet activation, called outside-in signaling. This outside-in signal ensures platelet adhesion, shape change, granule secretion and aggregation. In this review, we examine the role of each platelet integrin in hemostatic plug formation, hemostasis and arterial thrombosis and also beyond these classical functions, notably in tumor metastasis and sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Janus-Bell
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg.
| | - Pierre H Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, F-67065 Strasbourg
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lynch DR, Stringham EN, Zhang B, Balbin-Cuesta G, Curtis BR, Palumbo JS, Greineder CF, Tourdot BE. Anchoring IgG-degrading enzymes to the surface of platelets selectively neutralizes antiplatelet antibodies. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4645-4656. [PMID: 35737875 PMCID: PMC9636316 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired bleeding disorder characterized by immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated platelet destruction. Current therapies primarily focus on reducing antiplatelet antibodies using immunosuppression or increasing platelet production with thrombopoietin mimetics. However, there are no universally safe and effective treatments for patients presenting with severe life-threatening bleeding. The IgG-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS), a protease with strict specificity for IgG, prevents IgG-driven immune disorders in murine models, including ITP. In clinical trials, IdeS prevented IgG-mediated kidney transplant rejection; however, the concentration of IdeS used to remove pathogenic antibodies causes profound hypogammaglobulinemia, and IdeS is immunogenic, which limits its use. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether targeting IdeS to FcγRIIA, a low-affinity IgG receptor on the surface of platelets, neutrophils, and monocytes, would be a viable strategy to decrease the pathogenesis of antiplatelet IgG and reduce treatment-related complications of nontargeted IdeS. We generated a recombinant protein conjugate by site-specifically linking the C-terminus of a single-chain variable fragment from an FcγRIIA antibody, clone IV.3, to the N-terminus of IdeS (scIV.3-IdeS). Platelets treated with scIV.3-IdeS had reduced binding of antiplatelet IgG from patients with ITP and decreased platelet phagocytosis in vitro, with no decrease in normal IgG. Treatment of mice expressing human FcγRIIA with scIV.3-IdeS reduced thrombocytopenia in a model of ITP and significantly improved the half-life of transfused platelets expressing human FcγRIIA. Together, these data suggest that scIV.3-IdeS can selectively remove pathogenic antiplatelet IgG and may be a potential treatment for patients with ITP and severe bleeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald R. Lynch
- Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Emily N. Stringham
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Boya Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Emergency Medicine
- BioInterfaces Institute
| | - Ginette Balbin-Cuesta
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brian R. Curtis
- Platelet & Neutrophil Immunology Laboratory
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Joseph S. Palumbo
- Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Colin F. Greineder
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Emergency Medicine
- BioInterfaces Institute
| | - Benjamin E. Tourdot
- Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Palankar R, Sachs L, Wesche J, Greinacher A. Cytoskeleton Dependent Mobility Dynamics of FcγRIIA Facilitates Platelet Haptotaxis and Capture of Opsonized Bacteria. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101615. [PMID: 35626650 PMCID: PMC9139458 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet adhesion and spreading at the sites of vascular injury is vital to hemostasis. As an integral part of the innate immune system, platelets interact with opsonized bacterial pathogens through FcγRIIA and contribute to host defense. As mechanoscavangers, platelets actively migrate and capture bacteria via cytoskeleton-rich, dynamic structures, such as filopodia and lamellipodia. However, the role of human platelet FcγRIIA in cytoskeleton-dependent interaction with opsonized bacteria is not well understood. To decipher this, we used a reductionist approach with well-defined micropatterns functionalized with immunoglobulins mimicking immune complexes at planar interfaces and bacteriamimetic microbeads. By specifically blocking of FcγRIIA and selective disruption of the platelet cytoskeleton, we show that both functional FcγRIIA and cytoskeleton are necessary for human platelet adhesion and haptotaxis. The direct link between FcγRIIA and the cytoskeleton is further explored by single-particle tracking. We then demonstrate the relevance of cytoskeleton-dependent differential mobilities of FcγRIIA on bacteria opsonized with the chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) and patient-derived anti-PF4/polyanion IgG. Our data suggest that efficient capture of opsonized bacteria during host-defense is governed by mobility dynamics of FcγRIIA on filopodia and lamellipodia, and the cytoskeleton plays an essential role in platelet morphodynamics at biological interfaces that display immune complexes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Musolino A, Gradishar WJ, Rugo HS, Nordstrom JL, Rock EP, Arnaldez F, Pegram MD. Role of Fcγ receptors in HER2-targeted breast cancer therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003171. [PMID: 34992090 PMCID: PMC8739678 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including those targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and CD20, mediate fragment crystallizable gamma receptor (FcγR)–dependent activities as part of their mechanism of action. These activities include induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), which are innate immune mechanisms of cancer cell elimination. FcγRs are distinguished by their affinity for the Fc fragment, cell distribution, and type of immune response they induce. Activating FcγRIIIa (CD16A) on natural killer cells plays a crucial role in mediating ADCC, and activating FcγRIIa (CD32A) and FcγRIIIa on macrophages are important for mediating ADCP. Polymorphisms in FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIa generate variants that bind to the Fc portion of antibodies with different affinities. This results in differential FcγR-mediated activities associated with differential therapeutic outcomes across multiple clinical settings, from early stage to metastatic disease, in patients with HER2+ breast cancer treated with the anti-HER2 mAb trastuzumab. Trastuzumab has, nonetheless, revolutionized HER2+ breast cancer treatment, and several HER2-directed mAbs have been developed using Fc glyco-engineering or Fc protein-engineering to enhance FcγR-mediated functions. An example of an approved anti-HER2 Fc-engineered chimeric mAb is margetuximab, which targets the same epitope as trastuzumab, but features five amino acid substitutions in the IgG 1 Fc domain that were deliberately introduced to increase binding to activating FcγRIIIa and decrease binding to inhibitory FcγRIIb (CD32B). Margetuximab enhances Fc-dependent ADCC in vitro more potently than the combination of pertuzumab (another approved mAb directed against an alternate HER2 epitope) and trastuzumab. Margetuximab administration also enhances HER2-specific B cell and T cell–mediated responses ex vivo in samples from patients treated with prior lines of HER2 antibody-based therapies. Stemming from these observations, a worthwhile future goal in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer is to promote combinatorial approaches that better eradicate HER2+ cancer cells via enhanced immunological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Musolino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, Parma, Italy
| | - William J Gradishar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hope S Rugo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Oncology and Clinical Trials Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark D Pegram
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barale C, Melchionda E, Morotti A, Russo I. Prothrombotic Phenotype in COVID-19: Focus on Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413638. [PMID: 34948438 PMCID: PMC8705811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection is associated with a broad spectrum of presentations, but alveolar capillary microthrombi have been described as a common finding in COVID-19 patients, appearing as a consequence of a severe endothelial injury with endothelial cell membrane disruption. These observations clearly point to the identification of a COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, which may contribute to thrombosis, multi-organ damage, and cause of severity and fatality. One significant finding that emerges in prothrombotic abnormalities observed in COVID-19 patients is that the coagulation alterations are mainly mediated by the activation of platelets and intrinsically related to viral-mediated endothelial inflammation. Beyond the well-known role in hemostasis, the ability of platelets to also release various potent cytokines and chemokines has elevated these small cells from simple cell fragments to crucial modulators in the blood, including their inflammatory functions, that have a large influence on the immune response during infectious disease. Indeed, platelets are involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury also by promoting NET formation and affecting vascular permeability. Specifically, the deposition by activated platelets of the chemokine platelet factor 4 at sites of inflammation promotes adhesion of neutrophils on endothelial cells and thrombogenesis, and it seems deeply involved in the phenomenon of vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Importantly, the hyperactivated platelet phenotype along with evidence of cytokine storm, high levels of P-selectin, D-dimer, and, on the other hand, decreased levels of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and thrombocytopenia may be considered suitable biomarkers that distinguish the late stage of COVID-19 progression in critically ill patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabella Russo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6705447; Fax: +39-011-9038639
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Page MJ, Pretorius E. Platelet Behavior Contributes to Neuropathologies: A Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:382-404. [PMID: 34624913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functions of platelets are broad. Platelets function in hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation and immune responses, vascular regulation, and host defense against invading pathogens, among others. These actions are achieved through the release of a wide set of coagulative, vascular, inflammatory, and other factors as well as diverse cell surface receptors involved in the same activities. As active participants in these physiological processes, platelets become involved in signaling pathways and pathological reactions that contribute to diseases that are defined by inflammation (including by pathogen-derived stimuli), vascular dysfunction, and coagulation. These diseases include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, the two most common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their unique pathological and clinical features, significant shared pathological processes exist between these two conditions, particularly relating to a central inflammatory mechanism involving both neuroinflammation and inflammation in the systemic environment, but also neurovascular dysfunction and coagulopathy, processes which also share initiation factors and receptors. This triad of dysfunction-(neuro)inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and hypercoagulation-illustrates the important roles platelets play in neuropathology. Although some mechanisms are understudied in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, a strong case can be made for the relevance of platelets in neurodegeneration-related processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahmed MU, Receveur N, Janus‐Bell E, Mouriaux C, Gachet C, Jandrot‐Perrus M, Hechler B, Gardiner EE, Mangin PH. Respective roles of Glycoprotein VI and FcγRIIA in the regulation of αIIbβ3-mediated platelet activation to fibrinogen, thrombus buildup, and stability. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12551. [PMID: 34263103 PMCID: PMC8268658 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between platelets and fibrinogen is the cornerstone of thrombus formation. Integrin αIIbβ3 is the main platelet adhesion receptor for fibrinogen and mediates an outside-in signal upon ligand binding that reinforces platelet activation. In addition, FcγRIIA and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) contribute to platelet activation on fibrinogen, thereby participating in thrombus growth and stability. To date, the relative importance of these two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-bearing receptors in these processes remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of FcγRIIA and GPVI to platelet activation on fibrinogen and subsequent thrombus growth and stability. METHODS We evaluated human and mouse platelet adhesion to fibrinogen in static assays and a flow-based approach to evaluate the contribution of FcγRIIA and GPVI to thrombus growth and stability. RESULTS We first confirmed that integrin αIIbβ3 is the key receptor supporting platelet adhesion and spreading on fibrinogen. Using human platelets treated with pharmacological blocking agents and transgenic mouse platelets expressing human receptors, data indicate that GPVI, but not FcγRIIA, plays a prominent role in platelet activation on fibrinogen. Moreover, using a flow-based assay, we observed that blockade of GPVI with 1G5, but not FcγRIIA with IV.3, prevents thrombus growth. Finally, we observed that 1G5, but not IV.3, promotes the disaggregation of thrombi formed on collagen in vitro. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that GPVI, but not FcγRIIA, induces platelet activation and spreading on fibrinogen, and promotes thrombus buildup and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Receveur
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| | - Emily Janus‐Bell
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| | - Clarisse Mouriaux
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| | | | - Béatrice Hechler
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| | - Elizabeth E. Gardiner
- Department of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsThe John Curtin School of Medical ResearchAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Pierre H. Mangin
- Université de StrasbourgINSERMEFS Grand‐EstBPPS UMR‐S1255FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Neeves KB. A tail of two ITAMs: GPVI/FcRγ and FcγRIIa's role in platelet activation and thrombus stability. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12564. [PMID: 34263108 PMCID: PMC8265783 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keith B. Neeves
- Department of BioengineeringDepartment of PediatricsSection of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterUniversity of Colorado DenverAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu Z, Liang Y, Delaney MK, Zhang Y, Kim K, Li J, Bai Y, Cho J, Ushio-Fukai M, Cheng N, Du X. Shear and Integrin Outside-In Signaling Activate NADPH-Oxidase 2 to Promote Platelet Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1638-1653. [PMID: 33691478 PMCID: PMC8057529 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - M. Keegan Delaney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
- Dupage Medical Technology, Inc (M.K.D.)
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu (K.K.)
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Yanyan Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University (M.U.-F.)
| | - Ni Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago (Z.X., Y.L., M.K.D., Y.Z., K.K., J.L., Y.B., J.C., M.U.-F., N.C., X.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shu D, Zhu Y, Lu M, He AD, Chen JB, Ye DS, Liu Y, Zeng XB, Ma R, Ming ZY. Sanguinarine Attenuates Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050444. [PMID: 33919019 PMCID: PMC8142988 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, has been described to have an antiplatelet activity. However, its antithrombotic effect and the mechanism of platelet inhibition have not thoroughly been explored. The current study found that sanguinarine had an inhibitory effect on thrombus formation. This inhibitory effect was quite evident both in the flow-chamber assays as well as in a murine model of FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis. Further investigations also revealed that sanguinarine inhibited the collagen-induced human platelet aggregation and granule release. At the same time, it also prevented platelet spreading and adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen. The molecular mechanisms of its antiplatelet activity were found to be as follows: 1. Reduced phosphorylation of the downstream signaling pathways in collagen specific receptor GPVI (Syk-PLCγ2 and PI3K-Akt-GSK3β); 2. Inhibition of collagen-induced increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i); 3. Inhibition of integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling via reducing β3 and Src (Tyr-416) phosphorylation. It can be concluded that sanguinarine inhibits collagen-induced platelet activation and reduces thrombus formation. This effect is mediated via inhibiting the phosphorylation of multiple components in the GPVI signaling pathway. Current data also indicate that sanguinarine can be of some clinical value to treat cardiovascular diseases involving an excess of platelet activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- College of Pharmacy, Xiangnan University, 889 Chenzhou Avenue, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ao-Di He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiang-Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Ding-Song Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Zhang-Yin Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (D.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (J.-B.C.); (D.-S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.-B.Z.); (R.M.)
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-83650710
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liebeskind DS, Hinman JD, Kaneko N, Kitajima H, Honda T, De Havenon AH, Feldmann E, Nogueira RG, Prabhakaran S, Romano JG, Callas PW, Schneider DJ. Endothelial Shear Stress and Platelet FcγRIIa Expression in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:646309. [PMID: 33716947 PMCID: PMC7947292 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.646309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) has been characterized by the degree of arterial stenosis and downstream hypoperfusion, yet microscopic derangements of endothelial shear stress at the luminal wall may be key determinants of plaque growth, vascular remodeling and thrombosis that culminate in recurrent stroke. Platelet interactions have similarly been a principal focus of treatment, however, the mechanistic basis of anti-platelet strategies is largely extrapolated rather than directly investigated in ICAD. Platelet FcγRIIa expression has been identified as a potent risk factor in cardiovascular disease, as elevated expression markedly increases the risk of recurrent events. Differential activation of the platelet FcγRIIa receptor may also explain the variable response of individual patients to anti-platelet medications. We review existing data on endothelial shear stress and potential interactions with the platelet FcγRIIa receptor that may alter the evolving impact of ICAD, based on local pathophysiology at the site of arterial stenosis. Current methods for quantification of endothelial shear stress and platelet activation are described, including tools that may be readily adapted to the clinical realm for further understanding of ICAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Liebeskind
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and UCLA Stroke Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jason D Hinman
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and UCLA Stroke Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Naoki Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and UCLA Stroke Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hiroaki Kitajima
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and UCLA Stroke Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tristan Honda
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and UCLA Stroke Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adam H De Havenon
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Edward Feldmann
- Department of Neurology, The University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Raul G Nogueira
- Department of Neurology, Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shyam Prabhakaran
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jose G Romano
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Peter W Callas
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - David J Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Melki I, Allaeys I, Tessandier N, Mailhot B, Cloutier N, Campbell RA, Rowley JW, Salem D, Zufferey A, Laroche A, Lévesque T, Patey N, Rauch J, Lood C, Droit A, McKenzie SE, Machlus KR, Rondina MT, Lacroix S, Fortin PR, Boilard E. FcγRIIA expression accelerates nephritis and increases platelet activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood 2020; 136:2933-2945. [PMID: 33331924 PMCID: PMC7751357 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020004974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by deposits of immune complexes (ICs) in organs and tissues. The expression of FcγRIIA by human platelets, which is their unique receptor for immunoglobulin G antibodies, positions them to ideally respond to circulating ICs. Whereas chronic platelet activation and thrombosis are well-recognized features of human SLE, the exact mechanisms underlying platelet activation in SLE remain unknown. Here, we evaluated the involvement of FcγRIIA in the course of SLE and platelet activation. In patients with SLE, levels of ICs are associated with platelet activation. Because FcγRIIA is absent in mice, and murine platelets do not respond to ICs in any existing mouse model of SLE, we introduced the FcγRIIA (FCGR2A) transgene into the NZB/NZWF1 mouse model of SLE. In mice, FcγRIIA expression by bone marrow cells severely aggravated lupus nephritis and accelerated death. Lupus onset initiated major changes to the platelet transcriptome, both in FcγRIIA-expressing and nonexpressing mice, but enrichment for type I interferon response gene changes was specifically observed in the FcγRIIA mice. Moreover, circulating platelets were degranulated and were found to interact with neutrophils in FcγRIIA-expressing lupus mice. FcγRIIA expression in lupus mice also led to thrombosis in lungs and kidneys. The model recapitulates hallmarks of human SLE and can be used to identify contributions of different cellular lineages in the manifestations of SLE. The study further reveals a role for FcγRIIA in nephritis and in platelet activation in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imene Melki
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Allaeys
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Tessandier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Mailhot
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Cloutier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - David Salem
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Zufferey
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Audrée Laroche
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Tania Lévesque
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Patey
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joyce Rauch
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Lood
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Steven E McKenzie
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Faria AVS, Andrade SS, Peppelenbosch MP, Ferreira-Halder CV, Fuhler GM. The role of phospho-tyrosine signaling in platelet biology and hemostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118927. [PMID: 33310067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are small enucleated cell fragments specialized in the control of hemostasis, but also playing a role in angiogenesis, inflammation and immunity. This plasticity demands a broad range of physiological processes. Platelet functions are mediated through a variety of receptors, the concerted action of which must be tightly regulated, in order to allow specific and timely responses to different stimuli. Protein phosphorylation is one of the main key regulatory mechanisms by which extracellular signals are conveyed. Despite the importance of platelets in health and disease, the molecular pathways underlying the activation of these cells are still under investigation. Here, we review current literature on signaling platelet biology and in particular emphasize the newly emerging role of phosphatases in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra V S Faria
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen V Ferreira-Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
De Kock L, Freson K. The (Patho)Biology of SRC Kinase in Platelets and Megakaryocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56120633. [PMID: 33255186 PMCID: PMC7759910 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC (SRC), as other members of the SRC family kinases (SFK), plays an important role in regulating signal transduction by different cell surface receptors after changes in the cellular environment. Here, we reviewed the role of SRC in platelets and megakaryocytes (MK). In platelets, inactive closed SRC is coupled to the β subunit of integrin αIIbβ3 while upon fibrinogen binding during platelet activation, αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling is initiated by activation of SRC. Active open SRC now further stimulates many downstream effectors via tyrosine phosphorylation of enzymes, adaptors, and especially cytoskeletal components. Functional platelet studies using SRC knockout mice or broad spectrum SFK inhibitors pointed out that SRC mediates their spreading on fibrinogen. On the other hand, an activating pathological SRC missense variant E527K in humans that causes bleeding inhibits collagen-induced platelet activation while stimulating platelet spreading. The role of SRC in megakaryopoiesis is much less studied. SRC knockout mice have a normal platelet count though studies with SFK inhibitors point out that SRC could interfere with MK polyploidization and proplatelet formation but these inhibitors are not specific. Patients with the SRC E527K variant have thrombocytopenia due to hyperactive SRC that inhibits proplatelet formation after increased spreading of MK on fibrinogen and enhanced formation of podosomes. Studies in humans have contributed significantly to our understanding of SRC signaling in platelets and MK.
Collapse
|
20
|
Visconte C, Canino J, Vismara M, Guidetti GF, Raimondi S, Pula G, Torti M, Canobbio I. Fibrillar amyloid peptides promote platelet aggregation through the coordinated action of ITAM- and ROS-dependent pathways. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3029-3042. [PMID: 32790050 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42, whose deposition in brain correlates with Alzheimer disease, are also present in platelets and have prothrombotic activities. OBJECTIVE In this study, we analyze the ability of Aβ peptides to form fibrils and to induce platelet activation and aggregation. METHODS Aβ40, Aβ42, and their scrambled peptides were diluted in phosphate buffered saline and fibrillogenesis was investigated by ThioflavinT and Congo Red. Aggregation, protein phosphorylation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were analyzed. RESULTS Aβ40 and Aβ42, but not scrambled peptides, were able to form fibrils when diluted in phosphate buffered saline. Fibrillogenesis of Aβ42 was very rapid, whereas fibril formation by Aβ40 was completed only after 48 hours of incubation. Fibrillar Aβ40 and Aβ42 promoted dose-dependent aggregation of washed platelets in the presence of extracellular CaCl2 . Cleavage of GPIbα by mocarhagin or blockade of the ITAM-containing FcγRIIA prevented platelet aggregation induced by fibrillary Aβ40 and Aβ42. Fibrillar Aβ peptides stimulated the phosphorylation of FcγRIIA, resulting in the downstream stimulation of PLC, protein kinase C, and phosphoinositide 3-kinases, whose activity was necessary for full aggregation of platelets. Fibrillar Aβ peptides also induced ROS generation, and NOX inhibitors, as well as ROS scavengers, prevented platelet aggregation. However, Aβ peptide-induced ROS production did not require binding to GPIbα or activation of FcγRIIA, but was initiated by CD36, which provided an important contribution to full platelet aggregation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that fibrillar amyloid Aβ40 and Aβ42 induce platelet aggregation through the recruitment of GPIb-IX-V and CD36, which requires the convergence of ITAM- and ROS-dependent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Visconte
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Canino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Scuola Universitaria Superiore, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Vismara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giordano Pula
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Diacylglycerol kinase ζ is a negative regulator of GPVI-mediated platelet activation. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1154-1166. [PMID: 30967391 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a family of enzymes that convert diacylglycerol (DAG) into phosphatidic acid (PA). The ζ isoform of DGK (DGKζ) has been reported to inhibit T-cell responsiveness by downregulating intracellular levels of DAG. However, its role in platelet function remains undefined. In this study, we show that DGKζ was expressed at significant levels in both platelets and megakaryocytes and that DGKζ-knockout (DGKζ-KO) mouse platelets were hyperreactive to glycoprotein VI (GPVI) agonists, as assessed by aggregation, spreading, granule secretion, and activation of relevant signal transduction molecules. In contrast, they were less responsive to thrombin. Platelets from DGKζ-KO mice accumulated faster on collagen-coated microfluidic surfaces under conditions of arterial shear and stopped blood flow faster after ferric chloride-induced carotid artery injury. Other measures of hemostasis, as measured by tail bleeding time and rotational thromboelastometry analysis, were normal. Interestingly, DGKζ deficiency led to increased GPVI expression on the platelet and megakaryocyte surfaces without affecting the expression of other platelet surface receptors. These results implicate DGKζ as a novel negative regulator of GPVI-mediated platelet activation that plays an important role in regulating thrombus formation in vivo.
Collapse
|
22
|
Grobler C, Maphumulo SC, Grobbelaar LM, Bredenkamp JC, Laubscher GJ, Lourens PJ, Steenkamp J, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145168. [PMID: 32708334 PMCID: PMC7403995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced infection, is strongly associated with various coagulopathies that may result in either bleeding and thrombocytopenia or hypercoagulation and thrombosis. Thrombotic and bleeding or thrombotic pathologies are significant accompaniments to acute respiratory syndrome and lung complications in COVID-19. Thrombotic events and bleeding often occur in subjects with weak constitutions, multiple risk factors and comorbidities. Of particular interest are the various circulating inflammatory coagulation biomarkers involved directly in clotting, with specific focus on fibrin(ogen), D-dimer, P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor (VWF). Central to the activity of these biomarkers are their receptors and signalling pathways on endothelial cells, platelets and erythrocytes. In this review, we discuss vascular implications of COVID-19 and relate this to circulating biomarker, endothelial, erythrocyte and platelet dysfunction. During the progression of the disease, these markers may either be within healthy levels, upregulated or eventually depleted. Most significant is that patients need to be treated early in the disease progression, when high levels of VWF, P-selectin and fibrinogen are present, with normal or slightly increased levels of D-dimer (however, D-dimer levels will rapidly increase as the disease progresses). Progression to VWF and fibrinogen depletion with high D-dimer levels and even higher P-selectin levels, followed by the cytokine storm, will be indicative of a poor prognosis. We conclude by looking at point-of-care devices and methodologies in COVID-19 management and suggest that a personalized medicine approach should be considered in the treatment of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corlia Grobler
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Siphosethu C. Maphumulo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
| | - L. Mireille Grobbelaar
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Jhade C. Bredenkamp
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Gert J. Laubscher
- Elsie du Toit Street, Stellenbosch MediClinic, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; (G.J.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Petrus J. Lourens
- Elsie du Toit Street, Stellenbosch MediClinic, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; (G.J.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Janami Steenkamp
- PathCare Laboratories, PathCare Business Centre, Neels Bothma Street, N1 City, Cape Town 7460, South Africa;
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Building 220, Kemitorve Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Correspondence: (D.B.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.K.); (E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marcoux G, Laroche A, Espinoza Romero J, Boilard E. Role of platelets and megakaryocytes in adaptive immunity. Platelets 2020; 32:340-351. [PMID: 32597341 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1786043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is comprised of two principal interconnected components called innate and adaptive immunity. While the innate immune system mounts a nonspecific response that provides protection against the spread of foreign pathogens, the adaptive immune system has developed to specifically recognize a given pathogen and lead to immunological memory. Platelets are small fragments produced from megakaryocytes in bone marrow and lungs. They circulate throughout the blood to monitor the integrity of the vasculature and to prevent bleeding. Given their large repertoire of immune receptors and inflammatory molecules, platelets and megakaryocytes can contribute to both innate and adaptive immunity. In adaptive immunity, platelets and megakaryocytes can process and present antigens to lymphocytes. Moreover, platelets, via FcγRIIA, rapidly respond to pathogens in an immune host when antibodies are present. This manuscript reviews the reported contributions of platelets and megakaryocytes with emphasis on antigen presentation and antibody response in adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Marcoux
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et D'immunologie and Centre ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Audrée Laroche
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et D'immunologie and Centre ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jenifer Espinoza Romero
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et D'immunologie and Centre ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et D'immunologie and Centre ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tessandier N, Melki I, Cloutier N, Allaeys I, Miszta A, Tan S, Milasan A, Michel S, Benmoussa A, Lévesque T, Côté F, McKenzie SE, Gilbert C, Provost P, Brisson AR, Wolberg AS, Fortin PR, Martel C, Boilard É. Platelets Disseminate Extracellular Vesicles in Lymph in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:929-942. [PMID: 32102567 PMCID: PMC8073225 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lymphatic system is a circulatory system that unidirectionally drains the interstitial tissue fluid back to blood circulation. Although lymph is utilized by leukocytes for immune surveillance, it remains inaccessible to platelets and erythrocytes. Activated cells release submicron extracellular vesicles (EV) that transport molecules from the donor cell. In rheumatoid arthritis, EV accumulate in the joint where they can interact with numerous cellular lineages. However, whether EV can exit the inflamed tissue to recirculate is unknown. Here, we investigated whether vascular leakage that occurs during inflammation could favor EV access to the lymphatic system. Approach and Results: Using an in vivo model of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis, we show that there is an influx of platelet EV, but not EV from erythrocytes or leukocytes, in joint-draining lymph. In contrast to blood platelet EV, lymph platelet EV lacked mitochondrial organelles and failed to promote coagulation. Platelet EV influx in lymph was consistent with joint vascular leakage and implicated the fibrinogen receptor α2bβ3 and platelet-derived serotonin. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that platelets can disseminate their EV in fluid that is inaccessible to platelets and beyond the joint in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tessandier
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Imene Melki
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Nathalie Cloutier
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Isabelle Allaeys
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Adam Miszta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (A.M., A.S.W.)
- Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada (A.M., C.M.)
| | - Sisareuth Tan
- Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France (S.T., A.R.B.)
| | - Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.M., C.M.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Michel
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine (A.B.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tania Lévesque
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Francine Côté
- Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Laboratoire Olivier Hermine, Paris, France (F.C.)
| | - Steven E McKenzie
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (S.E.M.)
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Patrick Provost
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Alain R Brisson
- Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France (S.T., A.R.B.)
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (A.M., A.S.W.)
| | - Paul R Fortin
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Axe maladies infectieuses et inflammatoires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada (P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.M., C.M.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada (A.M., C.M.)
| | - Éric Boilard
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Axe maladies infectieuses et inflammatoires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada (P.R.F., E.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schneider DJ, McMahon SR, Ehle GL, Chava S, Taatjes-Sommer HS, Meagher S. Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk by the Combination of Clinical Risk Scores Plus Platelet Expression of FcγRIIa. Am J Cardiol 2020; 125:670-672. [PMID: 31883679 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Platelet expression of FcγRIIa was quantified after myocardial infarction (MI) and we found that patients with high platelet FcγRIIa expression (>11,000/platelet) had a fourfold greater risk of subsequent MI, stroke, and death. This analysis of the original cohort of 197 patients was designed to determine whether platelet expression of FcγRIIa could be used in combination with clinical risk scores (GRACE [Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events] and DAPT [Dual Antiplatelet Therapy]) to refine cardiovascular risk assessment. Platelet expression of FcγRIIa quantified with the use of flow cytometry was broadly distributed in patients stratified into high and low risk groups based on clinical risk scores. In patients identified as high risk by the GRACE score, 62% had high platelet FcγRIIa expression. Similarly, in patients identified as high risk by DAPT, 55% had high platelet FcγRIIa expression. High platelet FcγRIIa expression discriminated high and low risk cohorts in patients with high cardiovascular risk defined by either the GRACE score (high platelet FcγRIIa 18.9% vs low platelet FcγRIIa 0%; odds ratio = 15.7, p = 0.06) or the DAPT score (high platelet FcγRIIa 15.4% vs low platelet FcγRIIa 3.7%; odds ratio = 5.6, p = 0.03) assessment. Platelet expression of FcγRIIa merits additional study to determine whether low platelet FcγRIIa expression can be used to guide early transition to aspirin monotherapy and high platelet FcγRIIa expression can be used to guide continuation of DAPT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
| | - Sean R McMahon
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gregory L Ehle
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sreedivya Chava
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Heidi S Taatjes-Sommer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sean Meagher
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which a variety of circulating pro-inflammatory cells and dysregulated molecules are involved in disease aetiology and progression. Platelets are an important cellular element in the circulation that can bind several dysregulated molecules (such as collagen, thrombin and fibrinogen) that are present both in the synovium and the circulation of patients with RA. Platelets not only respond to dysregulated molecules in their environment but also transport and express their own inflammatory mediators, and serve as regulators at the boundary between haemostasis and immunity. Activated platelets also produce microparticles, which further convey signalling molecules and receptors to the synovium and circulation, thereby positioning these platelet-derived particles as strategic regulators of inflammation. These diverse functions come together to make platelets facilitators of cellular crosstalk in RA. Thus, the receptor functions, ligand binding potential and dysregulated signalling pathways in platelets are becoming increasingly important for treatment in RA. This Review aims to highlight the role of platelets in RA and the need to closely examine platelets as health indicators when designing effective pharmaceutical targets in this disease.
Collapse
|
27
|
A Novel α IIbβ 3 Antagonist from Snake Venom Prevents Thrombosis without Causing Bleeding. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 12:toxins12010011. [PMID: 31877725 PMCID: PMC7020592 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-threatening thrombocytopenia and bleeding, common side effects of clinically available αIIbβ3 antagonists, are associated with the induction of ligand-induced integrin conformational changes and exposure of ligand-induced binding sites (LIBSs). To address this issue, we examined intrinsic mechanisms and structure–activity relationships of purified disintegrins, from Protobothrops flavoviridis venom (i.e., Trimeresurus flavoviridis), TFV-1 and TFV-3 with distinctly different pro-hemorrhagic tendencies. TFV-1 with a different αIIbβ3 binding epitope from that of TFV-3 and chimeric 7E3 Fab, i.e., Abciximab, decelerates αIIbβ3 ligation without causing a conformational change in αIIbβ3, as determined with the LIBS antibody, AP5, and the mimetic, drug-dependent antibody (DDAb), AP2, an inhibitory monoclonal antibody raised against αIIbβ3. Consistent with their different binding epitopes, a combination of TFV-1 and AP2 did not induce FcγRIIa-mediated activation of the ITAM–Syk–PLCγ2 pathway and platelet aggregation, in contrast to the clinical antithrombotics, abciximab, eptifibatide, and disintegrin TFV-3. Furthermore, TFV-1 selectively inhibits Gα13-mediated platelet aggregation without affecting talin-driven clot firmness, which is responsible for physiological hemostatic processes. At equally efficacious antithrombotic dosages, TFV-1 caused neither severe thrombocytopenia nor bleeding in FcγRIIa-transgenic mice. Likewise, it did not induce hypocoagulation in human whole blood in the rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assay used in perioperative situations. In contrast, TFV-3 and eptifibatide exhibited all of these hemostatic effects. Thus, the αIIbβ3 antagonist, TFV-1, efficaciously prevents arterial thrombosis without adversely affecting hemostasis.
Collapse
|
28
|
McMahon SR, Chava S, Taatjes-Sommer HS, Meagher S, Brummel-Ziedins KE, Schneider DJ. Variation in platelet expression of FcγRIIa after myocardial infarction. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2019; 48:88-94. [PMID: 30968301 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-019-01852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
FcγRIIa amplifies platelet activation and greater platelet expression of FcγRIIa identifies patients at greater risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. Thus, platelet expression of FcγRIIa may be useful to guide therapy. Because platelet function tests are impacted by preparative procedures and substantial intra-individual variability, we examined the impact of these factors on platelet expression of FcγRIIa in blood from healthy subjects and in patients after myocardial infarction (MI). Platelet expression of FcγRIIa was quantified with the use of flow cytometry. Blood was taken from healthy subjects and 114 patients after a MI in whom platelet expression of FcγRIIa was quantified before discharge and at 6 ± 1 months. Neither anticoagulants nor the antiplatelet agent cangrelor changed platelet expression of FcγRIIa. Intra-individual variation in platelet FcγRIIa expression was 8.5% ± 5% over the course of 1 month in healthy subjects. Platelet FcγRIIa expression was within 20% of the baseline value after 6 months in 71% of patients after MI. In summary, because FcγRIIa is a protein on the surface of platelets, assay conditions and antiplatelet agents do not change expression. Intra-individual variability in platelet expression of FcγRIIa is modest. Accordingly, platelet expression of FcγRIIa is a marker of increased platelet reactivity that can be reliably and repeatedly measured.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02505217.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R McMahon
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, 308 S. Park Drive, Colchester, Burlington, VT, 05446, USA
| | - Sreedivya Chava
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, 308 S. Park Drive, Colchester, Burlington, VT, 05446, USA
| | - Heidi S Taatjes-Sommer
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, 308 S. Park Drive, Colchester, Burlington, VT, 05446, USA
| | - Sean Meagher
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, 308 S. Park Drive, Colchester, Burlington, VT, 05446, USA
| | - Kathleen E Brummel-Ziedins
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, 308 S. Park Drive, Colchester, Burlington, VT, 05446, USA
| | - David J Schneider
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of Vermont, 308 S. Park Drive, Colchester, Burlington, VT, 05446, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Makhoul S, Trabold K, Gambaryan S, Tenzer S, Pillitteri D, Walter U, Jurk K. cAMP- and cGMP-elevating agents inhibit GPIbα-mediated aggregation but not GPIbα-stimulated Syk activation in human platelets. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:122. [PMID: 31519182 PMCID: PMC6743169 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex is a unique platelet plasma membrane receptor, which is essential for platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. GPIbα, part of the GPIb-IX-V complex, has several physiological ligands such as von Willebrand factor (vWF), thrombospondin and distinct coagulation factors, which trigger platelet activation. Despite having an important role, intracellular GPIb-IX-V signaling and its regulation by other pathways are not well defined. Our aim was to establish the intracellular signaling response of selective GPIbα activation in human platelets, in particular the role of the tyrosine kinase Syk and its regulation by cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG pathways, respectively. We addressed this using echicetin beads (EB), which selectively bind to GPIbα and induce platelet aggregation. Methods Purified echicetin from snake Echis carinatus venom was validated by mass spectrometry. Washed human platelets were incubated with EB, in the presence or absence of echicetin monomers (EM), Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitors, Syk inhibitors and the cAMP- and cGMP-elevating agents iloprost and riociguat, respectively. Platelet aggregation was analyzed by light transmission aggregometry, protein phosphorylation by immunoblotting. Intracellular messengers inositolmonophosphate (InsP1) and Ca2+i were measured by ELISA and Fluo-3 AM/FACS, respectively. Results EB-induced platelet aggregation was dependent on integrin αIIbβ3 and secondary mediators ADP and TxA2, and was antagonized by EM. EB stimulated Syk tyrosine phosphorylation at Y352, which was SFK-dependent and Syk-independent, whereas Y525/526 phosphorylation was SFK-dependent and partially Syk-dependent. Furthermore, phosphorylation of both Syk Y352 and Y525/526 was completely integrin αIIbβ3-independent but, in the case of Y525/526, was partially ADP/TxA2-dependent. Syk activation, observed as Y352/ Y525/Y526 phosphorylation, led to the phosphorylation of direct substrates (LAT Y191, PLCγ2 Y759) and additional targets (Akt S473). PKA/PKG pathways inhibited EB-induced platelet aggregation and Akt phosphorylation but, surprisingly, enhanced Syk and LAT/PLCγ2 tyrosine phosphorylation. A similar PKA/PKG effect was confirmed with convulxin−/GPVI-stimulated platelets. EB-induced InsP1 accumulation/InsP3 production and Ca2+-release were Syk-dependent, but only partially inhibited by PKA/PKG pathways. Conclusion EB and EM are specific agonists and antagonists, respectively, of GPIbα-mediated Syk activation leading to platelet aggregation. The cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG pathways do not inhibit but enhance GPIbα−/GPVI-initiated, SFK-dependent Syk activation, but strongly inhibit further downstream responses including aggregation. These data establish an important intracellular regulatory network induced by GPIbα. Graphical abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0428-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Makhoul
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Trabold
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Walter
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Torti M, Manganaro D, Visconte C, Zarà M, Canino J, Vismara M, Canobbio I, Guidetti GF. Stimulation of mTORC2 by integrin αIIbβ3 is required for PI3Kβ-dependent activation of Akt but is dispensable for platelet spreading on fibrinogen. Platelets 2019; 31:521-529. [PMID: 31509054 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1663806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) is a major player in platelet activation and regulates thrombus formation and stabilization. The β isoform of PI3K is implicated in integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling, is required for the phosphorylation of Akt, and controls efficient platelet spreading upon adhesion to fibrinogen. In this study we found that during integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling PI3Kβ-dependent phosphorylation of Akt on Serine473 is mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). The activity of mTORC2 is stimulated upon platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, as documented by increased autophosphorylation. However, mTORC2 activation downstream of integrin αIIbβ3 is PI3Kβ-independent. Inhibition of mTORC2, but not mTORC1, also prevents Akt phosphorylation of Threonine308 and affects Akt activity, resulting in the inhibition of GSK3α/β phosphorylation. Nevertheless, mTORC2 or Akt inhibition does not alter PI3Kβ-dependent platelet spreading on fibrinogen. The activation of the small GTPase Rap1b downstream of integrin αIIbβ3 is regulated by PI3Kβ but is not affected upon inhibition of either mTORC2 or Akt. Altogether, these results demonstrate for the first time the activation of mTORC2 and its involvement in Akt phosphorylation and stimulation during integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the mTORC2/Akt pathway is dispensable for PI3Kβ-regulated platelet spreading on fibrinogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS , Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Canino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy.,University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS) , Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Vismara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang H, Ye Y, Wan W, Wang L, Li R, Li L, Yang L, Yang L, Gu Y, Dong L, Meng Z. Xinmailong Modulates Platelet Function and Inhibits Thrombus Formation via the Platelet αIIbβ3-Mediated Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:923. [PMID: 31507419 PMCID: PMC6716460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Xinmailong (XML), a bioactive composite extracted from Periplaneta americana, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure. However, it is unclear whether XML has antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. Methods: The effects of XML on agonist-induced platelet aggregation, adhesion and spreading, granule secretion, integrin α II bβ3 activation, and thrombus formation were evaluated. Phosphorylation of Syk, PLCγ2, Akt, GSK3β, and MAPK signaling molecules was also studied on agonist-induced platelets. In addition, the antithrombotic effects of XML were observed in vivo using an acute pulmonary thrombosis mouse model. Results: XML dose-dependently inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation and granule secretion induced by thrombin, collagen, and arachidonic acid (AA). XML also greatly reduced platelet adhesion and spreading on both collagen- and fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Biochemical analysis revealed that XML inhibited thrombin-, collagen-, and AA-induced phosphorylation of Syk, PLCγ2, Akt, GSK3β, and MAPK. Additionally, XML significantly inhibited in vivo thrombus formation in a collagen–epinephrine-induced acute pulmonary thrombosis mouse model. Conclusions and General Significance: Here, we provide the first report showing that XML inhibits platelet function and that it possesses antithrombotic activity. This suggests that XML could be a potential therapeutic candidate to prevent or treat platelet-related cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yujia Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Luqiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Longjun Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lai Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yajuan Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaohui Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schneider DJ, McMahon SR, Chava S, Taatjes-Sommer HS, Meagher S, Ehle GL, Brummel-Ziedins KE. FcγRIIa: A New Cardiovascular Risk Marker. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:237-238. [PMID: 29976297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
33
|
Pretorius E. Platelets as Potent Signaling Entities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:532-545. [PMID: 31196615 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease with a dysregulated circulating inflammatory molecule tendency. T2DM is closely associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular risk, and increased clotting susceptibility. Platelets have fundamental roles in the development and propagation of inflammation and cardiovascular risk. They signal through membrane receptors, resulting in (hyper)activation and release of inflammatory molecules from platelet compartments. This review highlights how circulating inflammatory molecules, acting as platelet receptor ligands, interact with platelets, causing platelets to be potent drivers of systemic inflammation. We conclude by suggesting that focused platelet research in T2DM is an important avenue to pursue to identify novel therapeutic targets, and that platelets could be used as cellular activity sensors themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kaneva VN, Martyanov AA, Morozova DS, Panteleev MA, Sveshnikova AN. Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3: Mechanisms of Activation and Clustering; Involvement into the Formation of the Thrombus Heterogeneous Structure. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747819010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
35
|
Nurden AT. Acquired Glanzmann thrombasthenia: From antibodies to anti-platelet drugs. Blood Rev 2019; 36:10-22. [PMID: 31010659 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the inherited platelet disorder given by mutations in the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes, mucocutaneous bleeding from a spontaneous inhibition of normally expressed αIIbβ3 characterizes acquired Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT). Classically, it is associated with autoantibodies or paraproteins that block platelet aggregation without causing a fall in platelet count. However, inhibitory antibodies to αIIbβ3 are widely associated with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), occur in secondary ITP associated with leukemia and related disorders, solid cancers and myeloma, other autoimmune diseases, following organ transplantation while cytoplasmic dysregulation of αIIbβ3 function features in myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic syndromes. Antibodies to αIIbβ3 occur during viral and bacterial infections, while drug-dependent antibodies reacting with αIIbβ3 are a special case. Direct induction of acquired GT is a feature of therapies that block platelets in coronary artery disease. This review looks at these conditions, emphasizing molecular mechanisms, therapy, patient management and future directions for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Nurden
- Institut de Rhythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang J, Li X, Shi X, Zhu M, Wang J, Huang S, Huang X, Wang H, Li L, Deng H, Zhou Y, Mao J, Long Z, Ma Z, Ye W, Pan J, Xi X, Jin J. Platelet integrin αIIbβ3: signal transduction, regulation, and its therapeutic targeting. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:26. [PMID: 30845955 PMCID: PMC6407232 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a family of transmembrane glycoprotein signaling receptors that can transmit bioinformation bidirectionally across the plasma membrane. Integrin αIIbβ3 is expressed at a high level in platelets and their progenitors, where it plays a central role in platelet functions, hemostasis, and arterial thrombosis. Integrin αIIbβ3 also participates in cancer progression, such as tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. In resting platelets, integrin αIIbβ3 adopts an inactive conformation. Upon agonist stimulation, the transduction of inside-out signals leads integrin αIIbβ3 to switch from a low- to high-affinity state for fibrinogen and other ligands. Ligand binding causes integrin clustering and subsequently promotes outside-in signaling, which initiates and amplifies a range of cellular events to drive essential platelet functions such as spreading, aggregation, clot retraction, and thrombus consolidation. Regulation of the bidirectional signaling of integrin αIIbβ3 requires the involvement of numerous interacting proteins, which associate with the cytoplasmic tails of αIIbβ3 in particular. Integrin αIIbβ3 and its signaling pathways are considered promising targets for antithrombotic therapy. This review describes the bidirectional signal transduction of integrin αIIbβ3 in platelets, as well as the proteins responsible for its regulation and therapeutic agents that target integrin αIIbβ3 and its signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mark Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangbiao Long
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenle Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Miao S, Shu D, Zhu Y, Lu M, Zhang Q, Pei Y, He AD, Ma R, Zhang B, Ming ZY. Cancer cell-derived immunoglobulin G activates platelets by binding to platelet FcγRIIa. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:87. [PMID: 30692520 PMCID: PMC6349849 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated thrombosis is the second leading risk factor for cancer patient death, and platelets activity is abnormal in cancer patients. Discovering the mechanism of platelet activation and providing effective targets for therapy are urgently needed. Cancer cell- derived IgG has been reported to regulate development of tumors. However, studies on the functions of cancer cell-derived IgG are quite limited. Here we investigated the potential role of cancer cell-derived IgG in platelet activation. We detected the expression of CD62P on platelets by flow cytometry and analyzed platelet function by platelets aggregation and ATP release. The content of IgG in cancer cell supernatants was detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. The distribution of cancer-derived IgG in cancer cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence assay. Western blot was performed to quantify the relative expression of FcγRIIa, syk, PLCγ2. The interaction between cancer cell-derived IgG and platelet FcγRIIa was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. The results showed that higher levels of CD62P were observed in cancer patients' platelets compared with that of healthy volunteers. Cancer cell culture supernatants increased platelet CD62P and PAC-1 expression, sensitive platelet aggregation and ATP release in response to agonists, while blocking FcγRIIa or knocking down IgG reduced the activation of platelets. Coimmunoprecipitation results showed that cancer cell-derived IgG interacted directly with platelet FcγRIIa. In addition, platelet FcγRIIa was highly expressed in liver cancer patients. In summary, cancer cell-derived IgG interacted directly with FcγRIIa and activated platelets; targeting this interaction may be an approach to prevent and treat tumor-associated thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Youliang Pei
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao-Di He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang-Yin Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Tseng YL, Braun A, Chang JPC, Chiang ML, Tseng CY, Chen W. Micromolar concentrations of citalopram or escitalopram inhibit glycoprotein VI-mediated and integrin αIIbβ3-mediated signaling in human platelets. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 364:106-113. [PMID: 30592962 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Collagen and convulxin induce platelet aggregation through glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-FcRγ-Syk signaling pathway. In addition, fibrinogen induces platelet activation through integrin αIIbβ3-FcγRIIa-Syk signaling pathway. We previously reported that high concentrations of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) reduce platelet aggregation induced by collagen. We further investigated the effects of SSRI on GPVI- and αIIbβ3-mediated signaling pathway. Citalopram and escitalopram, two relatively pure SSRI, were used in this study. Both citalopram and escitalopram concentration-dependently inhibited convulxin-induced platelet aggregation, serotonin (5-HT) release and the activation of αIIbβ3. 5-HT concentration in washed platelets was unchanged after short-term treatment with citalopram. The additional 5-HT failed to fully rescue the inhibitory effect of citalopram on convulxin-induced aggregation. Convulxin-induced phosphorylation of Syk, LAT, and Akt was inhibited by citalopram and escitalopram. Citalopram inhibited the interaction between FcRγ and Syk, whereas the phosphorylation of FcRγ in response to convulxin remained unaltered. Further, citalopram inhibited the increase of the interaction between serotonin transporter and Syk induced by convulxin. In the presence of Mn2+, escitalopram inhibited the formation of lamellipodia on immobilized fibrinogen. Escitalopram did not influence the binding of fibrinogen to platelets. It inhibited the phosphorylation of Syk and PAK triggered by the adhesion on fibrinogen. Our data demonstrate that micromolar concentrations of citalopram and escitalopram inhibit GPVI- and αIIbβ3-mediated platelet functions. The mechanism of the inhibitory effect of citalopram or escitalopram is not the influence on the activation of GPVI or the interaction between fibrinogen and αIIbβ3, but the interaction between Syk and its upstream molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lun Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Attila Braun
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ling Chiang
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Diagnosis, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Tseng
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wenchun Chen
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pang A, Cui Y, Chen Y, Cheng N, Delaney MK, Gu M, Stojanovic-Terpo A, Zhu C, Du X. Shear-induced integrin signaling in platelet phosphatidylserine exposure, microvesicle release, and coagulation. Blood 2018; 132:533-543. [PMID: 29853537 PMCID: PMC6073322 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-785253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently unclear why agonist-stimulated platelets require shear force to efficiently externalize the procoagulant phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) and release PS-exposed microvesicles (MVs). We reveal that integrin outside-in signaling is an important mechanism for this requirement. PS exposure and MV release were inhibited in β3-/- platelets or by integrin antagonists. The impaired MV release and PS exposure in β3-/- platelets were rescued by expression of wild-type β3 but not a Gα13 binding-deficient β3 mutant (E733EE to AAA), which blocks outside-in signaling but not ligand binding. Inhibition of Gα13 or Src also diminished agonist/shear-dependent PS exposure and MV release, further indicating a role for integrin outside-in signaling. PS exposure in activated platelets was induced by application of pulling force via an integrin ligand, which was abolished by inhibiting Gα13-integrin interaction, suggesting that Gα13-dependent transmission of mechanical signals by integrins induces PS exposure. Inhibition of Gα13 delayed coagulation in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition or platelet-specific knockout of Gα13 diminished laser-induced intravascular fibrin formation in arterioles in vivo. Thus, β3 integrins serve as a shear sensor activating the Gα13-dependent outside-in signaling pathway to facilitate platelet procoagulant function. Pharmacological targeting of Gα13-integrin interaction prevents occlusive thrombosis in vivo by inhibiting both coagulation and platelet thrombus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiming Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ni Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M Keegan Delaney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Dupage Medical Technology, Inc., Willowbrook, IL; and
| | - Minyi Gu
- Dupage Medical Technology, Inc., Willowbrook, IL; and
| | | | - Cheng Zhu
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Influence of aflibercept on platelet activation profile. Exp Eye Res 2018; 175:166-172. [PMID: 29908884 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aflibercept appears to accumulate in systemic circulation following intravitreal injections in therapy of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. This gives raise to the question of whether aflibercept affects platelets and their function such as activation and aggregation, which are substantial in the pathogenesis of an arterial thromboembolic event (ATE). In order to determine the effect of aflibercept in platelet activation, platelets from healthy volunteers were treated with aflibercept and its solvents at equal concentrations (0.04 μg/mL - 4 μg/mL - 40 μg/mL - 400 μg/mL - 4 mg/mL) for 10 and 30 min before addition of agonists. IgG1 antibody was used as a control. The surface expression of GPIIb/IIIa, P-selectin, and platelet-bound stromal-cell-derived factor-1, which are potential blood biomarkers for ATEs, was determined on resting and activated platelets by the multispectral imaging flow cytometry, combining the features of flow cytometry with fluorescence microscopy. Platelet aggregation was assessed with light transmission aggregometry. To determine whether aflibercept directly interacts with platelets, aflibercept was labeled with the fluorescence FITC. Co-treatment of platelets with thrombin or PAR-4-AP and aflibercept resulted in increased activation of the fibrinogen receptor GPIIb/IIIa in comparison to controls (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the expression of platelet-derived P-selectin and SDF-1 was not affected by aflibercept, except thrombin-activated CD62P with 0.04 μg/mL aflibercept (aflibercept vs. its solvent: MSI = 1.54, IC = 1.201-1.879 vs. MSI = 1.37, IC = 1.136-1.604 [P = 0.031]) and SDF-1 with 4 mg/mL aflibercept (aflibercept vs. its solvent: MSI = 1.971, IC = 1.206-2.737 vs. MSI = 1.200, IC = 0.738-1.662 [P = 0.041]). Although the levels of platelet-bound aflibercept-FITC were significantly increased in all activated platelets, no effect was observed in platelet aggregation. Albeit no impact of aflibercept was found on platelet aggregation under the studied experimental conditions, the increased activation of the fibrinogen receptor GPIIb/IIIa and the presence of a direct interaction between aflibercept and platelets may partially explain the risk of ATE in patients under aflibercept treatment due to FcγRIIa mediated αIIbβ3 outside-in integrin signaling and transport of aflibercept into platelets. Therefore, the Fc domain seems to be involved in interactions between aflibercept and platelets. Further research is needed to explain the role of Fc containing aflibercept in the pathogenesis of drug-associated vascular events involving platelets, coagulation cascade, extracellular matrix proteins and other cells.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Light transmission aggregometry and lumi-aggregometry are the gold standard platelet assays both clinically and for basic research. The availability of different strains of genetically modified mice and mouse models of human disease means that often laboratories need to use mouse platelets in these assays. Overall, performing aggregometry and lumi-aggregometry with mouse platelets is similar to with human platelets, although methods need be adapted to accommodate their small size, reduced blood volume, and different protein levels. This review aims to highlight these key considerations when planning aggregometry experiments with mouse platelets. These include the method of taking blood, including the use of anticoagulants, as well as the method of platelet preparation, and how to maximize yields. This review also covers how to maximize the number of aggregations that can be performed, both by understanding the minimum requirements of your aggregometer, or by considering new approaches. These include employing high throughput plate-based aggregometry (Optimul), or the use of TPO-mimetics to stimulate platelet production in mice to boost their platelet counts. Finally, phenotypic differences between mouse and human platelets, such as protein expression or sensitivity to agonists are discussed as an important consideration when planning experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Hughes
- a Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences , University of Reading , Reading , UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Palankar R, Kohler TP, Krauel K, Wesche J, Hammerschmidt S, Greinacher A. Platelets kill bacteria by bridging innate and adaptive immunity via platelet factor 4 and FcγRIIA. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1187-1197. [PMID: 29350833 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Human platelets specifically interact with IgG opsonized bacteria through FcγRIIA. Platelet factor 4 (PF4) binds to polyanions (P) and undergoes a conformational change. Anti-PF4/P IgG opsonizes PF4-coated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Platelets specifically kill E.coli opsonized with PF4 and human anti-PF4/P IgG. SUMMARY Background Activated platelets release the chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) stored in their granules. PF4 binds to polyanions (P) on bacteria, undergoes a conformational change and exposes neoepitopes. These neoepitopes induce production of anti-PF4/P antibodies. As PF4 binds to a variety of bacteria, anti-PF4/P IgG can bind and opsonize several bacterial species. Objective Here we investigated whether platelets are able to kill bacteria directly after recognizing anti-PF4/P IgG opsonized bacteria in the presence of PF4 via their FcγRIIA. Methods Using platelet-bacteria suspension co-culture experiments and micropatterns with immobilized viable bacteria, in combination with pharmacological inhibitors and human anti- PF4/P IgG we analyzed the role of platelet-mediated killing of bacteria. Results In the presence of PF4, human anti-PF4/P IgG and platelets, E. coli killing (> 50%) with colony forming units (CFU mL-1 ) 0.71 × 104 ± 0.19 was observed compared with controls incubated only with anti-PF4/P IgG (CFU mL-1 3.4 × 104 ± 0.38). Blocking of platelet FcγRIIA using mAb IV.3 (CFU mL-1 2.5 × 104 ± 0.45), or integrin αIIbβ3 (CFU mL-1 2.26 × 104 ± 0.31), or disruption of cytoskeletal functions (CFU mL-1 2.7 × 104 ± 0.4) markedly reduced E. coli killing by this mechanism. Our observation of E. coli killing by platelets on micropatterned arrays is compatible with the model that platelets kill bacteria by covering them, actively concentrating them into the area under their granulomere and then releasing antimicrobial substances of platelet α-granules site directed towards bacteria. Conclusion These findings collectively indicate that by bridging of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, platelets and anti-PF4/polyanion antibodies cooperate in an antibacterial host response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Palankar
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T P Kohler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Krauel
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Wesche
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Greinacher
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mangin PH, Onselaer MB, Receveur N, Le Lay N, Hardy AT, Wilson C, Sanchez X, Loyau S, Dupuis A, Babar AK, Miller JL, Philippou H, Hughes CE, Herr AB, Ariëns RA, Mezzano D, Jandrot-Perrus M, Gachet C, Watson SP. Immobilized fibrinogen activates human platelets through glycoprotein VI. Haematologica 2018; 103:898-907. [PMID: 29472360 PMCID: PMC5927996 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.182972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein VI, a major platelet activation receptor for collagen and fibrin, is considered a particularly promising, safe antithrombotic target. In this study, we show that human glycoprotein VI signals upon platelet adhesion to fibrinogen. Full spreading of human platelets on fibrinogen was abolished in platelets from glycoprotein VI- deficient patients suggesting that fibrinogen activates platelets through glycoprotein VI. While mouse platelets failed to spread on fibrinogen, human-glycoprotein VI-transgenic mouse platelets showed full spreading and increased Ca2+ signaling through the tyrosine kinase Syk. Direct binding of fibrinogen to human glycoprotein VI was shown by surface plasmon resonance and by increased adhesion to fibrinogen of human glycoprotein VI-transfected RBL-2H3 cells relative to mock-transfected cells. Blockade of human glycoprotein VI with the Fab of the monoclonal antibody 9O12 impaired platelet aggregation on preformed platelet aggregates in flowing blood independent of collagen and fibrin exposure. These results demonstrate that human glycoprotein VI binds to immobilized fibrinogen and show that this contributes to platelet spreading and platelet aggregation under flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre H Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Marie-Blanche Onselaer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicolas Receveur
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Nicolas Le Lay
- Université de Paris Diderot, INSERM UMR_S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Alexander T Hardy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Clare Wilson
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Ximena Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Hemostasia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stéphane Loyau
- Université de Paris Diderot, INSERM UMR_S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Dupuis
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Amir K Babar
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Systems Immunology & Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeanette Lc Miller
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Systems Immunology & Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Helen Philippou
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Craig E Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harborne Building, University of Reading, UK
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Division of Immunobiology, Center for Systems Immunology & Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert As Ariëns
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Diego Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Hemostasia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Université de Paris Diderot, INSERM UMR_S1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.,Acticor Biotech, Hôpital Bichat, INSERM, UMR-S 1148, Paris, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, France
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, IBR Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK .,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ghuman H, Shepherd-Roberts A, Watson S, Zuidscherwoude M, Watson SP, Voelz K. Mucor circinelloides induces platelet aggregation through integrin αIIbβ3 and FcγRIIA. Platelets 2018; 30:256-263. [PMID: 29297721 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1420152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a hallmark of the fatal fungal infection mucormycosis. Yet, the platelet activation pathway in response to mucormycetes is unknown. In this study we determined the platelet aggregation potential of Mucor circinelloides (M. circinelloides) NRRL3631, characterized the signaling pathway facilitating aggregation in response to fungal spores, and identified the influence of the spore developmental stage upon platelet aggregation potential. Using impedance and light-transmission aggregometry, we showed that M. circinelloides induced platelet aggregation in whole blood and in platelet-rich plasma, respectively. The formation of large spore-platelet aggregates was confirmed by light-sheet microscopy, which showed spores dispersed throughout the aggregate. Aggregation potential was dependent on the spore's developmental stage, with the strongest platelet aggregation by spores in mid-germination. Inhibitor studies revealed platelet aggregation was mediated by the low affinity IgG receptor FcγRIIA and integrin αIIbβ3; Src and Syk tyrosine kinase signaling; and the secondary mediators TxA2 and ADP. Flow cytometry of antibody stained platelets showed that interaction with spores increased expression of platelet surface integrin αIIbβ3 and the platelet activation marker CD62P. Together, this is the first elucidation of the signaling pathways underlying thrombosis formation during a fungal infection, highlighting targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harlene Ghuman
- a School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham UK
| | - Alicia Shepherd-Roberts
- a School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham UK
| | - Stephanie Watson
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham UK
| | - Malou Zuidscherwoude
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham UK.,c Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham , Midlands , UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham UK.,c Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham , Midlands , UK
| | - Kerstin Voelz
- a School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kuo YJ, Chen YR, Hsu CC, Peng HC, Huang TF. An α IIb β 3 antagonist prevents thrombosis without causing Fc receptor γ-chain IIa-mediated thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2230-2244. [PMID: 28815933 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Essentials FcγRIIa-mediated thrombocytopenia is associated with drug-dependent antibodies (DDAbs). We investigated the correlation between αIIb β3 binding epitopes and induction of DDAbs. An FcγRIIa-transgenic mouse model was used to evaluate thrombocytopenia among anti-thrombotics. An antithrombotic with binding motif toward αIIb β-propeller domain has less bleeding tendency. SUMMARY Background Thrombocytopenia, a common side effect of Arg-Gly-Asp-mimetic antiplatelet drugs, is associated with drug-dependent antibodies (DDAbs) that recognize conformation-altered integrin αIIb β3 . Objective To explore the correlation between αIIb β3 binding epitopes and induction of DDAb binding to conformation-altered αIIb β3 , we examined whether two purified disintegrins, TMV-2 and TMV-7, with distinct binding motifs have different effects on induction of αIIb β3 conformational change and platelet aggregation in the presence of AP2, an IgG1 inhibitory mAb raised against αIIb β3 . Methods We investigated the possible mechanisms of intrinsic platelet activation of TMV-2 and TMV-7 in the presence of AP2 by examining the signal cascade, tail bleeding time and immune thrombocytopenia in Fc receptor γ-chain IIa (FcγRIIa) transgenic mice. Results TMV-7 has a binding motif that recognizes the αIIb β-propeller domain of αIIb β3 , unlike that of TMV-2. TMV-7 neither primed the platelets to bind ligand, nor caused a conformational change of αIIb β3 as identified with the ligand-induced binding site mAb AP5. In contrast to eptifibatide and TMV-2, cotreatment of TMV-7 with AP2 did not induce FcγRIIa-mediated platelet aggregation and the downstream activation cascade. Both TMV-2 and TMV-7 efficaciously prevented occlusive thrombosis in vivo. Notably, both eptifibatide and TMV-2 caused severe thrombocytopenia mediated by FcγRIIa, prolonged tail bleeding time in vivo, and repressed human whole blood coagulation indexes, whereas TMV-7 did not impair hemostatic capacity. Conclusions TMV-7 shows antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities resulting from a mechanism different from that of all other tested αIIb β3 antagonists, and may offer advantages as a therapeutic agent with a better safety profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-R Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-C Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-C Peng
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-F Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Estevez B, Du X. New Concepts and Mechanisms of Platelet Activation Signaling. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:162-177. [PMID: 28228483 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00020.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon blood vessel injury, platelets are exposed to adhesive proteins in the vascular wall and soluble agonists, which initiate platelet activation, leading to formation of hemostatic thrombi. Pathological activation of platelets can induce occlusive thrombosis, resulting in ischemic events such as heart attack and stroke, which are leading causes of death globally. Platelet activation requires intracellular signal transduction initiated by platelet receptors for adhesion proteins and soluble agonists. Whereas many platelet activation signaling pathways have been established for many years, significant recent progress reveals much more complex and sophisticated signaling and amplification networks. With the discovery of new receptor signaling pathways and regulatory networks, some of the long-standing concepts of platelet signaling have been challenged. This review provides an overview of the new developments and concepts in platelet activation signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Estevez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Integrin αIIbβ3 is a highly abundant heterodimeric platelet receptor that can transmit information bidirectionally across the plasma membrane, and plays a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Upon platelet activation, inside-out signaling pathways increase the affinity of αIIbβ3 for fibrinogen and other ligands. Ligand binding and integrin clustering subsequently stimulate outside-in signaling, which initiates and amplifies a range of cellular events driving essential platelet processes such as spreading, thrombus consolidation, and clot retraction. Integrin αIIbβ3 has served as an excellent model for the study of integrin biology, and it has become clear that integrin outside-in signaling is highly complex and involves a vast array of enzymes, signaling adaptors, and cytoskeletal components. In this review, we provide a concise but comprehensive overview of αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling, focusing on the key players involved, and how they cooperate to orchestrate this critical aspect of platelet biology. We also discuss gaps in the current understanding of αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling and highlight avenues for future investigation.
Collapse
|
49
|
Greven J, Pfeifer R, Zhi Q, Pape HC. Update on the role of endothelial cells in trauma. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2017; 44:667-677. [PMID: 28674817 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-017-0812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review gives an overview of physiological processes, mainly regarding vascular endothelial cells and their important role in hemostasis, information processing, and communication during trauma. An insight is given into molecules and cells involved in the first innate immune response through to the behavior of endothelial cells in developing trauma. The goal of this review is to show the overlap of crucial factors related to the endothelium and the development of trauma. METHODS A systemic literature search was performed using Google scholar and PubMed. RESULTS The results of the literature search showed that the endothelium, especially the vascular endothelium, is involved in various cellular and subcellular pathways of activation, suppression, and transfer of information. A variety of molecules and cells are orchestrated, subsequently the endothelium gets in contact with a traumatizing event. CONCLUSION The endothelium is one of the first barriers that comes into contact with exo- and endogenous trauma-related signals and is a pivotal point in activating subsequent pathways and cascades by transfer of information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Greven
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - R Pfeifer
- Department for Traumatology, University of Zürich Medical Center, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Q Zhi
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - H C Pape
- Department for Traumatology, University of Zürich Medical Center, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhao H, Gulesserian S, Ganesan SK, Ou J, Morrison K, Zeng Z, Robles V, Snyder J, Do L, Aviña H, Karki S, Stover DR, Doñate F. Inhibition of Megakaryocyte Differentiation by Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADCs) is Mediated by Macropinocytosis: Implications for ADC-induced Thrombocytopenia. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1877-1886. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|