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Koltai T, Fliegel L. Dichloroacetate for Cancer Treatment: Some Facts and Many Doubts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:744. [PMID: 38931411 PMCID: PMC11206832 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rarely has a chemical elicited as much controversy as dichloroacetate (DCA). DCA was initially considered a dangerous toxic industrial waste product, then a potential treatment for lactic acidosis. However, the main controversies started in 2008 when DCA was found to have anti-cancer effects on experimental animals. These publications showed contradictory results in vivo and in vitro such that a thorough consideration of this compound's in cancer is merited. Despite 50 years of experimentation, DCA's future in therapeutics is uncertain. Without adequate clinical trials and health authorities' approval, DCA has been introduced in off-label cancer treatments in alternative medicine clinics in Canada, Germany, and other European countries. The lack of well-planned clinical trials and its use by people without medical training has discouraged consideration by the scientific community. There are few thorough clinical studies of DCA, and many publications are individual case reports. Case reports of DCA's benefits against cancer have been increasing recently. Furthermore, it has been shown that DCA synergizes with conventional treatments and other repurposable drugs. Beyond the classic DCA target, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, new target molecules have also been recently discovered. These findings have renewed interest in DCA. This paper explores whether existing evidence justifies further research on DCA for cancer treatment and it explores the role DCA may play in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Hospital del Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 2199, Argentina
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada;
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2
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Rezaei M, Ghanadian M, Ghezelbash B, Shokouhi A, Bazhin AV, Zamyatnin AA, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M. TIM-3/Gal-9 interaction affects glucose and lipid metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267578. [PMID: 38022614 PMCID: PMC10667689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) is a transmembrane molecule first identified as an immunoregulator. This molecule is also expressed on leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia and master cell survival and proliferation. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of TIM-3 interaction with its ligand galectin-9 (Gal-9) on glucose and lipid metabolism in AML cell lines. Methods HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines, representing M3 and M5 AML subtypes, respectively, were cultured under appropriate conditions. The expression of TIM-3 on the cell surface was ascertained by flow cytometric assay. We used real-time PCR to examine the mRNA expression of GLUT-1, HK-2, PFKFB-3, G6PD, ACC-1, ATGL, and CPT-1A; colorimetric assays to measure the concentration of glucose, lactate, GSH, and the enzymatic activity of G6PD; MTT assay to determine cellular proliferation; and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to designate FFAs. Results We observed the significant upregulated expression of GLUT-1, HK-2, PFKFB-3, ACC-1, CPT-1A, and G6PD and the enzymatic activity of G6PD in a time-dependent manner in the presence of Gal-9 compared to the PMA and control groups in both HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines (p > 0.05). Moreover, the elevation of extracellular free fatty acids, glucose consumption, lactate release, the concentration of cellular glutathione (GSH) and cell proliferation were significantly higher in the presence of Gal-9 compared to the PMA and control groups in both cell lines (p < 0.05). Conclusion TIM-3/Gal-9 ligation on AML cell lines results in aerobic glycolysis and altered lipid metabolism and also protects cells from oxidative stress, all in favor of leukemic cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ghezelbash
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shokouhi
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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3
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Arévalo CM, Cruz-Rodriguez N, Quijano S, Fiorentino S. Plant-derived extracts and metabolic modulation in leukemia: a promising approach to overcome treatment resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1229760. [PMID: 37520325 PMCID: PMC10382028 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1229760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemic cells acquire complex and often multifactorial mechanisms of resistance to treatment, including various metabolic alterations. Although the use of metabolic modulators has been proposed for several decades, their use in clinical practice has not been established. Natural products, the so-called botanical drugs, are capable of regulating tumor metabolism, particularly in hematopoietic tumors, which could partly explain the biological activity attributed to them for a long time. This review addresses the most recent findings relating to metabolic reprogramming-Mainly in the glycolytic pathway and mitochondrial activity-Of leukemic cells and its role in the generation of resistance to conventional treatments, the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and the evasion of immune response. In turn, it describes how the modulation of metabolism by plant-derived extracts can counteract resistance to chemotherapy in this tumor model and contribute to the activation of the antitumor immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Mayerli Arévalo
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sandra Quijano
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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4
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Borin C, Pieters T, Serafin V, Ntziachristos P. Emerging Epigenetic and Posttranslational Mechanisms Controlling Resistance to Glucocorticoids in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e916. [PMID: 37359189 PMCID: PMC10289758 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are extensively used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia as they pressure cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Nevertheless, glucocorticoid partners, modifications, and mechanisms of action are hitherto poorly characterized. This hampers our understanding of therapy resistance, frequently occurring in leukemia despite the current therapeutic combinations using glucocorticoids in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In this review, we initially cover the traditional view of glucocorticoid resistance and ways of targeting this resistance. We discuss recent progress in our understanding of chromatin and posttranslational properties of the glucocorticoid receptor that might be proven beneficial in our efforts to understand and target therapy resistance. We discuss emerging roles of pathways and proteins such as the lymphocyte-specific kinase that antagonizes glucocorticoid receptor activation and nuclear translocation. In addition, we provide an overview of ongoing therapeutic approaches that sensitize cells to glucocorticoids including small molecule inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Borin
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Belgium
| | - Tim Pieters
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Belgium
| | - Valentina Serafin
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Belgium
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5
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Artico LL, Ruas JS, Teixeira Júnior JR, Migita NA, Seguchi G, Shi X, Brandalise SR, Castilho RF, Yunes JA. IGFBP7 Fuels the Glycolytic Metabolism in B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Sustaining Activation of the IGF1R-Akt-GLUT1 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119679. [PMID: 37298628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased glycolytic metabolism plays an important role in B-cell precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BCP-ALL). We previously showed that IGFBP7 exerts mitogenic and prosuvival effects in ALL by promoting IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) permanence on the cell surface, thus prolonging Akt activation upon IGFs/insulin stimulation. Here, we show that sustained activation of the IGF1R-PI3K-Akt axis concurs with GLUT1 upregulation, which enhances energy metabolism and increases glycolytic metabolism in BCP-ALL. IGFBP7 neutralization with a monoclonal antibody or the pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway was shown to abrogate this effect, restoring the physiological levels of GLUT1 on the cell surface. The metabolic effect described here may offer an additional mechanistic explanation for the strong negative impact seen in ALL cells in vitro and in vivo after the knockdown or antibody neutralization of IGFBP7, while reinforcing the notion that it is a valid target for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Luís Artico
- Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas 13083-210, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Ricardo Teixeira Júnior
- Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas 13083-210, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Xinghua Shi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | - Roger Frigério Castilho
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil
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Lei L, Nan B, Yang F, Xu L, Guan G, Xu J, Yue R, Wang Y, Huan S, Yin X, Zhang XB, Song G. Zinc-Carnosine Metallodrug Network as Dual Metabolism Inhibitor Overcoming Metabolic Reprogramming for Efficient Cancer Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2659-2668. [PMID: 36940420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The targeting of tumor metabolism as a novel strategy for cancer therapy has attracted tremendous attention. Herein, we develop a dual metabolism inhibitor, Zn-carnosine metallodrug network nanoparticles (Zn-Car MNs), which exhibits good Cu-depletion and Cu-responsive drug release, causing potent inhibition of both OXPHOS and glycolysis. Notably, Zn-Car MNs can decrease the activity of cytochrome c oxidase and the content of NAD+, so as to reduce ATP production in cancer cells. Thereby, energy deprivation, together with the depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential and increased oxidative stress, results in apoptosis of cancer cells. In result, Zn-Car MNs exerted more efficient metabolism-targeted therapy than the classic copper chelator, tetrathiomolybdate (TM), in both breast cancer (sensitive to copper depletion) and colon cancer (less sensitive to copper depletion) models. The efficacy and therapy of Zn-Car MNs suggest the possibility to overcome the drug resistance caused by metabolic reprogramming in tumors and has potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bin Nan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fengrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guoqiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Juntao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Renye Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Youjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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7
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Motafeghi F, Mortazavi P, Ghassemi-Barghi N, Zahedi M, Shokrzadeh M. Dexamethasone as an anti-cancer or hepatotoxic. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:161-171. [PMID: 35866224 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The linkage between inflammation and oxidative stress in liver damage has been proven and is undeniable; dexamethasone with some antioxidants can reduce the toxicity of liver tissue. Due to the importance of cancer treatment, glucocorticoids' synergistic effect in inhibiting cancer cell growth is also investigated. Dexamethasone alone and combined with etoposide were tested at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 μM to evaluate the potency of dexamethasone in inhibiting the growth of A549 cells using oxidative stress factors and DNA damage. Also, intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone in rats was used to induce liver toxicity. Coenzyme Q10 at different concentrations (1, 10, and 50 mg/kg) was used as an antioxidant to assess the oxidative stress factors and measure Caspase-3 activity. The results showed that dexamethasone combined with etoposide could significantly inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis. Treatment of A549 cells using dexamethasone also inhibits cancer cells' growth by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage. Dexamethasone also, by inducing oxidative stress and activation of caspase 3, ultimately causes hepatotoxicity. Treatment with different concentrations of CoQ10 showed improved mitochondrial function, antioxidant defense, and liver enzyme. The best effect of coenzyme Q10 on dexamethasone-induced hepatotoxicity is 50 mg/kg. As a result, dexamethasone (alone and combined with etoposide) has an anti-cancer effect by damaging DNA and inducing oxidative stress. Also, CoQ10 has antioxidant effects against dexamethasone-induced hepatotoxicity by improving mitochondrial function and reducing caspase-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Motafeghi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Parham Mortazavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghassemi-Barghi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zahedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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8
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Asadi M, Gholampour MA, Kompani F, Alizadeh S. Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA H19 in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. CELL JOURNAL 2023; 25:1-10. [PMID: 36680478 PMCID: PMC9868437 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OObjective: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has essential roles in growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis of most cancers. H19 dysregulation is present in a large number of solid tumors and leukemia. However, the expression level of H19 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has not been elucidated yet. The current study aimed to explore H19 expression in ALL patients and cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS This experimental study was conducted in bone marrow (BM) samples collected from 25 patients with newly diagnosed ALL. In addition, we cultured the RPMI-8402, Jurkat, Ramos, and Daudi cell lines and assessed the effects of internal (hypoxia) and external (chemotherapy medications L-asparaginase [ASP] and vincristine [VCR]) factors on h19 expression. The expressions of H19, P53, c-Myc, HIF-1α and β-actin were performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method. RESULTS There was significantly increased H19 expression in the B-cell ALL (B-ALL, P<0.05), T-cell ALL (T-ALL, P<0.01) patients and the cell lines. This upregulation was governed by the P53, HIF-1α, and c-Myc transcription factors. We observed that increased c-Myc expression induced H19 expression; however, P53 adversely affected H19 expression. In addition, the results indicated that chemotherapy changed the gene expression pattern. There was a considerable decrease in H19 expression after exposure to chemotherapy medications; nonetheless, hypoxia induced H19 expression through P53 downregulation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that H19 may have an important role in pathogenesis in ALL and may act as a promising and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Asadi
- Hematology Department, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,P.O.Box: 1417935840Hematology DepartmentSchool of Allied MedicineTehran University of Medical
ScienceTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Ali Gholampour
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kompani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical
Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaban Alizadeh
- Hematology Department, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Zeng X, Wang YP, Man CH. Metabolism in Hematopoiesis and Its Malignancy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:45-64. [PMID: 38228958 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can self-renew and generate all blood cells of different lineages. The system is under tight control in order to maintain a precise equilibrium of the HSC pool and the effective production of mature blood cells to support various biological activities. Cell metabolism can regulate different molecular activities, such as epigenetic modification and cell cycle regulation, and subsequently affects the function and maintenance of HSC. Upon malignant transformation, oncogenic drivers in malignant hematopoietic cells can remodel the metabolic pathways for supporting the oncogenic growth. The dysregulation of metabolism results in oncogene addiction, implying the development of malignancy-specific metabolism-targeted therapy. In this chapter, we will discuss the significance of different metabolic pathways in hematopoiesis, specifically, the distinctive metabolic dependency in hematopoietic malignancies and potential metabolic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zeng
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cheuk-Him Man
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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10
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Lee AQ, Konishi H, Duong C, Yoshida S, Davis RR, Van Dyke JE, Ijiri M, McLaughlin B, Kim K, Li Y, Beckett L, Nitin N, McPherson JD, Tepper CG, Satake N. A distinct subpopulation of leukemia initiating cells in acute precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia: quiescent phenotype and unique transcriptomic profile. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972323. [PMID: 36212452 PMCID: PMC9533407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In leukemia, a distinct subpopulation of cancer-initiating cells called leukemia stem cells (LSCs) is believed to drive population expansion and tumor growth. Failing to eliminate LSCs may result in disease relapse regardless of the amount of non-LSCs destroyed. The first step in targeting and eliminating LSCs is to identify and characterize them. Acute precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells derived from patients were incubated with fluorescent glucose analog 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) Amino)-2-Deoxyglucose (NBDG) and sorted based on NBDG uptake. Cell subpopulations defined by glucose uptake were then serially transplanted into mice and evaluated for leukemia initiating capacity. Gene expression profiles of these cells were characterized using RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). A distinct population of NBDG-low cells was identified in patient B-ALL samples. These cells are a small population (1.92% of the entire leukemia population), have lower HLA expression, and are smaller in size (4.0 to 7.0 μm) than the rest of the leukemia population. All mice transplanted with NBDG-low cells developed leukemia between 5 and 14 weeks, while those transplanted with NBDG-high cells did not develop leukemia (p ≤ 0.0001-0.002). Serial transplantation of the NBDG-low mouse model resulted in successful leukemia development. NBDG-medium (NBDG-med) populations also developed leukemia. Interestingly, comprehensive molecular characterization of NBDG-low and NBDG-med cells from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models using RNA-Seq revealed a distinct profile of 2,162 differentially-expressed transcripts (DETs) (p<0.05) with 70.6% down-regulated in NBDG-low cells. Hierarchical clustering of DETs showed distinct segregation of NBDG-low from NBDG-med and NBDG-high groups with marked transcription expression alterations in the NBDG-low group consistent with cancer survival. In conclusion, A unique subpopulation of cells with low glucose uptake (NBDG-low) in B-ALL was discovered. These cells, despite their quiescence characteristics, once transplanted in mice, showed potent leukemia initiating capacity. Although NBDG-med cells also initiated leukemia, gene expression profiling revealed a distinct signature that clearly distinguishes NBDG-low cells from NBDG-med and the rest of the leukemia populations. These results suggest that NBDG-low cells may represent quiescent LSCs. These cells can be activated in the appropriate environment in vivo, showing leukemia initiating capacity. Our study provides insight into the biologic mechanisms of B-ALL initiation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Q. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Hiroaki Konishi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Connie Duong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Sakiko Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ryan R. Davis
- Genomics Shared Resource, University of California (UC) Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Van Dyke
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, University of California (UC) Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Masami Ijiri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Bridget McLaughlin
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, University of California (UC) Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yueju Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Laurel Beckett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Departments of Food Science & Technology and Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John D. McPherson
- Genomics Shared Resource, University of California (UC) Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Clifford G. Tepper
- Genomics Shared Resource, University of California (UC) Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Noriko Satake, ; Clifford G. Tepper,
| | - Noriko Satake
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Noriko Satake, ; Clifford G. Tepper,
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11
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Patel SB, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Welner RS. Deciphering Metabolic Adaptability of Leukemic Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846149. [PMID: 35756656 PMCID: PMC9213881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of leukemic stem cells is widely studied to control leukemia. An emerging approach gaining popularity is altering metabolism as a potential therapeutic opportunity. Studies have been carried out on hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells to identify vulnerable pathways without impacting the non-transformed, healthy counterparts. While many metabolic studies have been conducted using stem cells, most have been carried out in vitro or on a larger population of progenitor cells due to challenges imposed by the low frequency of stem cells found in vivo. This creates artifacts in the studies carried out, making it difficult to interpret and correlate the findings to stem cells directly. This review discusses the metabolic difference seen between hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic stem cells across different leukemic models. Moreover, we also shed light on the advancements of metabolic techniques and current limitations and areas for additional research of the field to study stem cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta B Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Divison of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert S Welner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at, Birmingham, AL, United States
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12
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Sbirkov Y, Vergov B, Mehterov N, Sarafian V. miRNAs in Lymphocytic Leukaemias-The miRror of Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094657. [PMID: 35563051 PMCID: PMC9103677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractory disease and relapse remain the main causes of cancer therapy failure. Refined risk stratification, treatment regimens and improved early diagnosis and detection of minimal residual disease have increased cure rates in malignancies like childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) to 90%. Nevertheless, overall survival in the context of drug resistance remains poor. The regulatory role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) in cell differentiation, homeostasis and tumorigenesis has been under extensive investigation in different cancers. There is accumulating data demonstrating the significance of miRNAs for therapy outcomes in lymphoid malignancies and some direct demonstrations of the interplay between these small molecules and drug response. Here, we summarise miRNAs' impact on chemotherapy resistance in adult and paediatric ALL and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The main focus of this review is on the modulation of particular signaling pathways like PI3K-AKT, transcription factors such as NF-κB, and apoptotic mediators, all of which are bona fide and pivotal elements orchestrating the survival of malignant lymphocytic cells. Finally, we discuss the attractive strategy of using mimics, antimiRs and other molecular approaches pointing at miRNAs as promising therapeutic targets. Such novel strategies to circumvent ALL and CLL resistance networks may potentially improve patients' responses and survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan Sbirkov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.V.); (N.M.)
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Bozhidar Vergov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.V.); (N.M.)
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.V.); (N.M.)
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.V.); (N.M.)
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (V.S.)
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13
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Modulation of energy metabolism to overcome drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells through induction of autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:212. [PMID: 35443725 PMCID: PMC9021256 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib (IM) are key drugs for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Development of drug resistance to TKIs due to BCR-ABL mutation, especially T315I mutation, poses a major challenge in the clinical treatment of CML. The purpose of this study was to test metabolic modulation as a potential strategy to overcome imatinib resistance based on the possible crosstalk between BCR-ABL signaling and metabolic changes in CML. 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) was used to modulate the glucose metabolism in CML cells sensitive to IM (KBM5 cell line) and resistant to imatinib with BCR-ABL T315I mutation (KBM5-T315I cell line). Seahorse XFe24 extracellular flux analyzer to quantify oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) was used to measure cellular energy metabolism. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay and MTS assay. Annexin V/PI staining was used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Autophagy-related proteins and enzyme/proteins were detected by Western blotting. Cellular ATP concentration was detected using an ATP-based Cell Titer Kit. The combined action of 2-DG and IM was evaluated by calculating the drug combination index. Our results found that inhibition of glucose metabolism by 2-DG significantly impaired the viability of CML cells and co-treatment with 2-DG and imatinib induced a synergistic inhibition of KBM5 and KBM5-T315I cells. 2-DG induced cell death by autophagy, not by apoptosis, as evidenced by increased expression of Beclin1 and LC3AII and lack of annexin V/PI-positive cells. At the biochemical level, 2-DG inhibited glycolysis and mitochondrial oxygen consumption manifested by a significant decrease in ECAR and OCR, and a depletion of ATP. The severe metabolic stress induced by 2-DG in CML cells led to autophagic cell death. Our results suggested a metabolic vulnerability of CML cells that could be targeted by a combination of 2-DG and imatinib as an alternative treatment for imatinib-resistant CML.
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14
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Bai Y, Ye B, Li T, Wang R, Qi X. H22954, a long non-coding RNA, inhibits glucose uptake in leukemia cells in a GLUT10-dependent manner. Hematology 2022; 27:469-475. [PMID: 35413230 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2061112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the performance of H22954, a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), in inhibiting glucose uptake in leukemia cells. METHODS 18F-FDG uptake, RNA half-life quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and luciferase assays were performed to detect the glucose uptake in the condition of leukemia. Microarrays and qRT-PCR analyses were used to identify the related genes or proteins and elucidate the underlying these processes. RESULTS H22954, a novel lncRNA, inhibited glucose uptake in leukemia cells. Using bioinformatics and microarray analyses, GLUT10 was identified as a possible target molecule of H22954. H22954 targeted the 3'untranslated region of GLUT10. In the luciferase assay, the luciferase activity of pGL3-GLUT10 was inhibited by H22954. Consistently, H22954 expression levels were inversely correlated with GLUT10 expression in cell lines and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. Conversely, the degradation rate of GLUT10 mRNA was increased after H22954 overexpression. Moreover, glucose uptake was recovered when the GLUT10-interaction sites in H22954 were mutated. CONCLUSION The lncRNA H22954 regulated GLUT10 expression to inhibit glucose uptake in leukemia cells. Our findings provide potentially valuable data for designing new targeted strategies based on H22954.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Bai
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bibo Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Wu Xi, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chen XG, Dou BH, An JD, Feng S, Liu N, Sheng GY. MAGI2-AS3 restrains proliferation, glycolysis, and triggers apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia via regulating miR-452-5p/FOXN3 pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:46-52. [PMID: 35656441 PMCID: PMC9118285 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.58963.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MAGI2-AS3 is a cancer suppressor gene of multiple malignancies. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an important type of leukemia that especially occurs in children. Our work evaluated the modulation of MAGI2-AS3 in ALL. MATERIALS AND METHODS qPCR and Western blotting were adopted for detection of target molecular expression. Growth and apoptosis were determined by CCK8 assay and Annexin V/PI staining. Glycolysis was detected by commercial kits. The direct binding between miR-452-5p and MAGI2-AS3 or FOXN3 was assessed by luciferase reporter assay. Tumor growth was measured in nude mice in vivo. RESULTS MAGI2-AS3 was down-regulated in ALL. Enforced expression of MAGI2-AS3 inhibited growth and glycolysis while promoting apoptosis of ALL cells. Moreover, MAGI2-AS3 up-regulated FOXN3 via sponging miR-452-5p. FOXN3 depletion abrogated MAGI2-AS3-mediated anti-cancer action. More importantly, MAGI2-AS3 repressed ALL cell growth in nude mice through regulation of miR-452-5p/FOXN3. CONCLUSION MAGI2-AS3 inhibits ALL development via modulating miR-452-5p/FOXN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Hua Dou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Dou An
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Song Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yao Sheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, P.R. China,Corresponding author: Guang-Yao Sheng. Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, P.R. China. Tel: +86-13633812950;
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16
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MicroRNAs and Metabolism: Revisiting the Warburg Effect with Emphasis on Epigenetic Background and Clinical Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101531. [PMID: 34680164 PMCID: PMC8533942 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the well-known hallmarks of cancer were described by Hanahan and Weinberg, fundamental advances of molecular genomic technologies resulted in the discovery of novel puzzle pieces in the multistep pathogenesis of cancer. MicroRNAs are involved in the altered epigenetic pattern and metabolic phenotype of malignantly transformed cells. They contribute to the initiation, progression and metastasis-formation of cancers, also interacting with oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes and epigenetic modifiers. Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells results from the dysregulation of a complex network, in which microRNAs are located at central hubs. MicroRNAs regulate the expression of several metabolic enzymes, including tumor-specific isoforms. Therefore, they have a direct impact on the levels of metabolites, also influencing epigenetic pattern due to the metabolite cofactors of chromatin modifiers. Targets of microRNAs include numerous epigenetic enzymes, such as sirtuins, which are key regulators of cellular metabolic homeostasis. A better understanding of reversible epigenetic and metabolic alterations opened up new horizons in the personalized treatment of cancer. MicroRNA expression levels can be utilized in differential diagnosis, prognosis stratification and prediction of chemoresistance. The therapeutic modulation of microRNA levels is an area of particular interest that provides a promising tool for restoring altered metabolism of cancer cells.
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17
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Kalushkova A, Nylund P, Párraga AA, Lennartsson A, Jernberg-Wiklund H. One Omics Approach Does Not Rule Them All: The Metabolome and the Epigenome Join Forces in Haematological Malignancies. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:epigenomes5040022. [PMID: 34968247 PMCID: PMC8715477 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation, dysregulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in haematological malignancies. These epimutations, with an impact on chromatin accessibility and transcriptional output, are often associated with genomic instability and the emergence of drug resistance, disease progression, and poor survival. In order to exert their functions, epigenetic enzymes utilize cellular metabolites as co-factors and are highly dependent on their availability. By affecting the expression of metabolic enzymes, epigenetic modifiers may aid the generation of metabolite signatures that could be utilized as targets and biomarkers in cancer. This interdependency remains often neglected and poorly represented in studies, despite well-established methods to study the cellular metabolome. This review critically summarizes the current knowledge in the field to provide an integral picture of the interplay between epigenomic alterations and the cellular metabolome in haematological malignancies. Our recent findings defining a distinct metabolic signature upon response to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) highlight how a shift of preferred metabolic pathways may potentiate novel treatments. The suggested link between the epigenome and the metabolome in haematopoietic tumours holds promise for the use of metabolic signatures as possible biomarkers of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kalushkova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrick Nylund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
| | - Alba Atienza Párraga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
| | - Andreas Lennartsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
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18
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Li H, Qi Z, Niu Y, Yang Y, Li M, Pang Y, Liu M, Cheng X, Xu M, Wang Z. FBP1 regulates proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance by participating in C-MYC/STAT3 signaling axis in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:5938-5949. [PMID: 34363022 PMCID: PMC8497274 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis and an important tumor suppressor in human malignancies. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression profile of FBP1 in ovarian cancer, the molecular mechanisms that regulate FBP1 expression and to examine how the FBP1 regulatory axis contributes to tumorigenesis and progression in ovarian cancer. We showed that FBP1 expression was significantly decreased in ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal ovarian tissues, and low-FBP1 expression predicted poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. The enhanced expression of FBP1 in ovarian cancer cell lines suppressed proliferation and 2-D/3-D invasion, reduced aerobic glycolysis, and sensitized cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, DNA methylation and C-MYC binding at the promoter inhibited FBP1 expression. Furthermore, through physical interactions with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), FBP1 suppressed nuclear translocation of STAT3 and exerted its non-metabolic enzymatic activity to induce the dysfunction of STAT3. Thus, our study suggests that FBP1 may be a valuable prognostic predictor for ovarian cancer. C-MYC-dependent downregulation of FBP1 acted as a tumor suppressor via modulating STAT3, and the C-MYC/FBP1/STAT3 axis could be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Cancer Institute and Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihao Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong Univeristy School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongdong Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Cancer Institute and Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Medicine Transformation Center and Office of Academic Research, Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Cancer Institute and Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Cancer Institute and Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pathology and Biobank, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Cancer Institute and Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Medicine Transformation Center and Office of Academic Research, Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Lambrou GI, Karakonstantakis T, Vlahopoulos S, Zaravinos A. Dual Mechanisms of Metabolism and Gene Expression of the CCRF-CEM Leukemia Cells under Glucocorticoid Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115889. [PMID: 34072627 PMCID: PMC8198442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids play an essential part in anti-leukemic therapies, but resistance is a crucial event for the prognosis of the disease. Glucocorticoids influence the metabolic properties of leukemic cells. The inherent plasticity of clinically evolving cancer cells justifies the characterization of drug-induced early oncogenic pathways, which represent a likely source of detrimental secondary effects. AIM The present work aims to investigate the effect of glucocorticoids in metabolic pathways in the CCRF-CEM leukemic cells. Metabolic factors and gene expression profiles were examined in order to unravel the possible mechanisms of the CCRF-CEM leukemic cell growth dynamics. METHODS CCRF-CEM cells were used as a model. Cells were treated with prednisolone with concentrations 0-700 μM. Cell culture supernatants were used for glucose, lactic acid, LDH, Na+, K+ and Ca++ measurements. Cytotoxicity was determined with flow cytometry. Microarray analysis was performed using two different chips of 1.2 k and 4.8 k genes. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was applied to find metabolism- and GC-related genes. RESULTS Higher prednisolone concentrations inhibited glucose uptake, without exhibiting any cytotoxic effects. Glucose consumption did not correlate with the total cell population, or the viable population, indicating that growth is not directly proportional to glucose consumption. Neither of the subpopulations, i.e., viable, necrotic, or apoptotic cells, contributed to this. CONCLUSIONS Different types of leukemic cells seem to exhibit different patterns of glucose metabolism. Both resistant and sensitive CCRF-CEM cells followed the aerobic pathway of glycolysis. There is probably a rapid change in membrane permeability, causing a general shutdown towards everything that is outside the cell. This could in part also explain the observed resistance. Glucocorticoids do not enter the cell passively anymore and therefore no effects are observed. Based on our observations, ion concentrations are measurable factors both in vitro and in vivo, which makes them possible markers of glucocorticoid cytotoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I. Lambrou
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (G.I.L.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +30-210-746-7427 (G.I.L.)
| | | | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence: (G.I.L.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +30-210-746-7427 (G.I.L.)
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20
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A novel multicomponent TMDC, MoS2–WS2–CoSx, as an effective electrocatalyst for simultaneous detection ultra-levels of prednisolone and rutin in human body fluids. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Bishop EL, Gudgeon N, Dimeloe S. Control of T Cell Metabolism by Cytokines and Hormones. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653605. [PMID: 33927722 PMCID: PMC8076900 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic, coordinated changes in metabolic pathway activity underpin the protective and inflammatory activity of T cells, through provision of energy and biosynthetic precursors for effector functions, as well as direct effects of metabolic enzymes, intermediates and end-products on signaling pathways and transcriptional mechanisms. Consequently, it has become increasingly clear that the metabolic status of the tissue microenvironment directly influences T cell activity, with changes in nutrient and/or metabolite abundance leading to dysfunctional T cell metabolism and interlinked immune function. Emerging evidence now indicates that additional signals are integrated by T cells to determine their overall metabolic phenotype, including those arising from interaction with cytokines and hormones in their environment. The impact of these on T cell metabolism, the mechanisms involved and the pathological implications are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Dimeloe
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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22
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Manna D, Sarkar D. Multifunctional Role of Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) in Cancer: Focus on Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081792. [PMID: 33918653 PMCID: PMC8069505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy is a major mode of treatment for cancers. However, cancer cells adapt to survive in stressful conditions and in many cases, they are inherently resistant to chemotherapy. Additionally, after initial response to chemotherapy, the surviving cancer cells acquire new alterations making them chemoresistant. Genes that help adapt the cancer cells to cope with stress often contribute to chemoresistance and one such gene is Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). AEG-1 levels are increased in all cancers studied to date and AEG-1 contributes to the development of highly aggressive, metastatic cancers. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the mechanism by which AEG-1 augments tumor development with special focus on its ability to regulate chemoresistance. We also discuss potential ways to inhibit AEG-1 to overcome chemoresistance. Abstract Cancer development results from the acquisition of numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer cells themselves, as well as continuous changes in their microenvironment. The plasticity of cancer cells allows them to continuously adapt to selective pressures brought forth by exogenous environmental stresses, the internal milieu of the tumor and cancer treatment itself. Resistance to treatment, either inherent or acquired after the commencement of treatment, is a major obstacle an oncologist confronts in an endeavor to efficiently manage the disease. Resistance to chemotherapy, chemoresistance, is an important hallmark of aggressive cancers, and driver oncogene-induced signaling pathways and molecular abnormalities create the platform for chemoresistance. The oncogene Astrocyte elevated gene-1/Metadherin (AEG-1/MTDH) is overexpressed in a diverse array of cancers, and its overexpression promotes all the hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. The present review provides a comprehensive description of the molecular mechanism by which AEG-1 promotes tumorigenesis, with a special emphasis on its ability to regulate chemoresistance.
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Olivas-Aguirre M, Torres-López L, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Overcoming Glucocorticoid Resistance in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Repurposed Drugs Can Improve the Protocol. Front Oncol 2021; 11:617937. [PMID: 33777761 PMCID: PMC7991804 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.617937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a central component of multi-drug treatment protocols against T and B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which are used intensively during the remission induction to rapidly eliminate the leukemic blasts. The primary response to GCs predicts the overall response to treatment and clinical outcome. In this review, we have critically analyzed the available data on the effects of GCs on sensitive and resistant leukemic cells, in order to reveal the mechanisms of GC resistance and how these mechanisms may determine a poor outcome in ALL. Apart of the GC resistance, associated with a decreased expression of receptors to GCs, there are several additional mechanisms, triggered by alterations of different signaling pathways, which cause the metabolic reprogramming, with an enhanced level of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis resistance, and multidrug resistance. Due to all this, the GC-resistant ALL show a poor sensitivity to conventional chemotherapeutic protocols. We propose pharmacological strategies that can trigger alternative intracellular pathways to revert or overcome GC resistance. Specifically, we focused our search on drugs, which are already approved for treatment of other diseases and demonstrated anti-ALL effects in experimental pre-clinical models. Among them are some “truly” re-purposed drugs, which have different targets in ALL as compared to other diseases: cannabidiol, which targets mitochondria and causes the mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis, tamoxifen, which induces autophagy and cell death, and reverts GC resistance through the mechanisms independent of nuclear estrogen receptors (“off-target effects”), antibiotic tigecycline, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration, causing energy crisis and cell death, and some anthelmintic drugs. Additionally, we have listed compounds that show a classical mechanism of action in ALL but are not used still in treatment protocols: the BH3 mimetic venetoclax, which inhibits the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine, which restores the expression of the pro-apoptotic BIM, and compounds targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis. Accordingly, these drugs may be considered for the inclusion into chemotherapeutic protocols for GC-resistant ALL treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Liliana Torres-López
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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24
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Healey DCC, Cephus JY, Barone SM, Chowdhury NU, Dahunsi DO, Madden MZ, Ye X, Yu X, Olszewski K, Young K, Gerriets VA, Siska PJ, Dworski R, Hemler J, Locasale JW, Poyurovsky MV, Peebles RS, Irish JM, Newcomb DC, Rathmell JC. Targeting In Vivo Metabolic Vulnerabilities of Th2 and Th17 Cells Reduces Airway Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1127-1139. [PMID: 33558372 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T effector cells promote inflammation in asthmatic patients, and both Th2 and Th17 CD4 T cells have been implicated in severe forms of the disease. The metabolic phenotypes and dependencies of these cells, however, remain poorly understood in the regulation of airway inflammation. In this study, we show the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic patients had markers of elevated glucose and glutamine metabolism. Further, peripheral blood T cells of asthmatics had broadly elevated expression of metabolic proteins when analyzed by mass cytometry compared with healthy controls. Therefore, we hypothesized that glucose and glutamine metabolism promote allergic airway inflammation. We tested this hypothesis in two murine models of airway inflammation. T cells from lungs of mice sensitized with Alternaria alternata extract displayed genetic signatures for elevated oxidative and glucose metabolism by single-cell RNA sequencing. This result was most pronounced when protein levels were measured in IL-17-producing cells and was recapitulated when airway inflammation was induced with house dust mite plus LPS, a model that led to abundant IL-4- and IL-17-producing T cells. Importantly, inhibitors of the glucose transporter 1 or glutaminase in vivo attenuated house dust mite + LPS eosinophilia, T cell cytokine production, and airway hyperresponsiveness as well as augmented the immunosuppressive properties of dexamethasone. These data show that T cells induce markers to support metabolism in vivo in airway inflammation and that this correlates with inflammatory cytokine production. Targeting metabolic pathways may provide a new direction to protect from disease and enhance the effectiveness of steroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Contreras Healey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jacqueline Y Cephus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sierra M Barone
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Nowrin U Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Debolanle O Dahunsi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Matthew Z Madden
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Xuemei Yu
- Kadmon Corporation, New York, NY 10016
| | | | - Kirsten Young
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Valerie A Gerriets
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757
| | - Peter J Siska
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ryszard Dworski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jonathan Hemler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | | | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; .,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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25
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Roderick JE, Gallagher KM, Murphy LC, O'Connor KW, Tang K, Zhang B, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Yu J, Zhu LJ, Green MR, Kelliher MA. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates cAMP signaling and resensitizes human leukemia cells to glucocorticoid-induced cell death. Blood 2021; 137:500-512. [PMID: 33507291 PMCID: PMC7845005 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance remains a clinical challenge in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia where response to GC is a reliable prognostic indicator. To identify GC resistance pathways, we conducted a genome-wide, survival-based, short hairpin RNA screen in murine T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells. Genes identified in the screen interfere with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and are underexpressed in GC-resistant or relapsed ALL patients. Silencing of the cAMP-activating Gnas gene interfered with GC-induced gene expression, resulting in dexamethasone resistance in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that cAMP signaling synergizes with dexamethasone to enhance cell death in GC-resistant human T-ALL cells. We find the E prostanoid receptor 4 expressed in T-ALL samples and demonstrate that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increases intracellular cAMP, potentiates GC-induced gene expression, and sensitizes human T-ALL samples to dexamethasone in vitro and in vivo. These findings identify PGE2 as a target for GC resensitization in relapsed pediatric T-ALL.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Child
- Chromogranins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/physiology
- Dexamethasone/administration & dosage
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/administration & dosage
- Dinoprostone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/physiology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- Female
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/antagonists & inhibitors
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/deficiency
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Models, Animal
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Radiation Chimera
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Second Messenger Systems/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology
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26
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Lambrou GI, Adamaki M, Hatziagapiou K, Vlahopoulos S. Gene Expression and Resistance to Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Brief Review and Update. Curr Drug Res Rev 2021; 12:131-149. [PMID: 32077838 DOI: 10.2174/2589977512666200220122650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), is considered one of the major prognostic factors for the disease. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid and one of the most important agents in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The mechanics of GC resistance are largely unknown and intense ongoing research focuses on this topic. AIM The aim of the present study is to review some aspects of GC resistance in ALL, and in particular of Prednisolone, with emphasis on previous and present knowledge on gene expression and signaling pathways playing a role in the phenomenon. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted by the authors from 1994 to June 2019. Original articles and systematic reviews selected, and the titles and abstracts of papers screened to determine whether they met the eligibility criteria, and full texts of the selected articles were retrieved. RESULTS Identification of gene targets responsible for glucocorticoid resistance may allow discovery of drugs, which in combination with glucocorticoids may increase the effectiveness of anti-leukemia therapies. The inherent plasticity of clinically evolving cancer justifies approaches to characterize and prevent undesirable activation of early oncogenic pathways. CONCLUSION Study of the pattern of intracellular signal pathway activation by anticancer drugs can lead to development of efficient treatment strategies by reducing detrimental secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
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27
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Marcucci F, Rumio C. Glycolysis-induced drug resistance in tumors-A response to danger signals? Neoplasia 2021; 23:234-245. [PMID: 33418276 PMCID: PMC7804361 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells often switch from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to glycolytic metabolism even under aerobic conditions. Tumor cell glycolysis is accompanied by several nonenzymatic activities among which induction of drug resistance has important therapeutic implications. In this article, we review the main aspects of glycolysis-induced drug resistance. We discuss the classes of antitumor drugs that are affected and the components of the glycolytic pathway (transporters, enzymes, metabolites) that are involved in the induction of drug resistance. Glycolysis-associated drug resistance occurs in response to stimuli, either cell-autonomous (e.g., oncoproteins) or deriving from the tumor microenvironment (e.g., hypoxia or pseudohypoxia, mechanical cues, etc.). Several mechanisms mediate the induction of drug resistance in response to glycolytic metabolism: inhibition of apoptosis, induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, induction of autophagy, inhibition of drug influx and increase of drug efflux. We suggest that drug resistance in response to glycolysis comes into play in presence of qualitative (e.g., expression of embryonic enzyme isoforms, post-translational enzyme modifications) or quantitative (e.g., overexpression of enzymes or overproduction of metabolites) alterations of glycolytic metabolism. We also discern similarities between changes occurring in tumor cells in response to stimuli inducing glycolysis-associated drug resistance and those occurring in cells of the innate immune system in response to danger signals and that have been referred to as danger-associated metabolic modifications. Eventually, we briefly address that also mitochondrial oxidative metabolism may induce drug resistance and discuss the therapeutic implications deriving from the fact that the main energy-generating metabolic pathways may be both at the origin of antitumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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28
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Galbiati A, Zana A, Conti P. Covalent inhibitors of GAPDH: From unspecific warheads to selective compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112740. [PMID: 32898762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeting glycolysis is an attractive approach for the treatment of a wide range of pathologies, such as various tumors and parasitic infections. Due to its pivotal role in the glycolysis, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) represents a rate-limiting enzyme in those cells that mostly, or exclusively rely on this pathway for energy production. In this context, GAPDH inhibition can be a valuable approach for the development of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs. In addition to its glycolytic role, GAPDH possesses several moonlight functions, whose deregulation is involved in some pathological conditions. Covalent modification on different amino acids of GAPDH, in particular on cysteine residues, can lead to a modulation of the enzyme activity. The selectivity towards specific cysteine residues is essential to achieve a specific phenotypic effect. In this work we report an extensive overview of the latest advances on the numerous compounds able to inhibit GAPDH through the covalent binding to cysteine residues, ranging from endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics, which may serve as pharmacological tools to actual drug-like compounds with promising therapeutic perspectives. Furthermore, we focused on the potentialities of the different warheads, shedding light on the possibility to exploit a combination of a finely tuned electrophilic group with a well-designed recognition moiety. These findings can provide useful information for the rational design of novel covalent inhibitors of GAPDH, with the final goal to expand the current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galbiati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
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29
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Vincristine and prednisone regulates cellular and exosomal miR-181a expression differently within the first time diagnosed and the relapsed leukemia B cells. Leuk Res Rep 2020; 14:100221. [PMID: 33094092 PMCID: PMC7568182 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the effect of vincristine and prednisone on cellular and exosomal miR-181a expression in first time diagnosed leukemia and relapsed leukemia. Vincristine and prednisone induced apoptosis/pro-apoptotic genes in first time diagnosed leukemia, and suppressed the cellular and exosomal miR-181a expression. In contrast, vincristine and prednisone could not induce apoptosis/pro-apoptotic genes in relapsed leukemia, and could not change the expression of cellular or exosomal miR-181a. In conclusion, the non-suppressive nature of miR-181a in relapsed leukemia might contribute to the chemo-resistance and this suggests a potential role of miR-181a-inhibitor along with the chemotherapy in the treatment of relapsed leukemia.
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30
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Braun LA, Varpetyan EE, Zav’yalov GA, Kulikov FV, Marievskii VE, Tyul’ganova DA, Shishnenko AO, Stepanova DS, Shimanovskii NL. Metabolic Enzymes: New Targets for the Design of Antitumor Drugs. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Rytelewski M, Harutyunyan K, Baran N, Mallampati S, Zal MA, Cavazos A, Butler JM, Konoplev S, El Khatib M, Plunkett S, Marszalek JR, Andreeff M, Zal T, Konopleva M. Inhibition of Oxidative Phosphorylation Reverses Bone Marrow Hypoxia Visualized in Imageable Syngeneic B-ALL Mouse Model. Front Oncol 2020; 10:991. [PMID: 32695673 PMCID: PMC7339962 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally low level of interstitial oxygen, or hypoxia, is a hallmark of tumor microenvironment and a known promoter of cancer chemoresistance. Inside a solid tumor mass, the hypoxia stems largely from inadequate supply of oxygenated blood through sparse or misshapen tumor vasculature whilst oxygen utilization rates are low in typical tumor's glycolytic metabolism. In acute leukemias, however, markers of intracellular hypoxia such as increased pimonidazole adduct staining and HIF-1α stabilization are observed in advanced leukemic bone marrows (BM) despite an increase in BM vasculogenesis. We utilized intravital fast scanning two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FaST-PLIM) in a BCR-ABL B-ALL mouse model to image the extracellular oxygen concentrations (pO2) in leukemic BM, and we related the extracellular oxygen levels to intracellular hypoxia, vascular markers and local leukemia burden. We observed a transient increase in BM pO2 in initial disease stages with intermediate leukemia BM burden, which correlated with an expansion of blood-carrying vascular network in the BM. Yet, we also observed increased formation of intracellular pimonidazole adducts in leukemic BM at the same time. This intermediate stage was followed by a significant decrease of extracellular pO2 and further increase of intracellular hypoxia as leukemia cellularity overwhelmed BM in disease end-stage. Remarkably, treatment of leukemic mice with IACS-010759, a pharmacological inhibitor of mitochondrial Complex I, substantially increased pO2 in the BM with advanced B-ALL, and it alleviated intracellular hypoxia reported by pimonidazole staining. High rates of oxygen consumption by B-ALL cells were confirmed by Seahorse assay including in ex vivo cells. Our results suggest that B-ALL expansion in BM is associated with intense oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) leading to the onset of metabolic BM hypoxia despite increased BM vascularization. Targeting mitochondrial respiration may be a novel approach to counteract BM hypoxia in B-ALL and, possibly, tumor hypoxia in other OxPhos-reliant malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Rytelewski
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karine Harutyunyan
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Saradhi Mallampati
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - M Anna Zal
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonio Cavazos
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason M Butler
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Medical School of Biological Sciences, Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mirna El Khatib
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shane Plunkett
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- TRACTION, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tomasz Zal
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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32
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Sbirkov Y, Burnusuzov H, Sarafian V. Metabolic reprogramming in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28255. [PMID: 32293782 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first observations of altered metabolism in malignant cells were made nearly 100 years ago and therapeutic strategies targeting cell metabolism have been in clinical use for several decades. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of cell metabolism dysregulation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL). Reprogramming of cellular bioenergetic processes can be expected in the three distinct stages of cALL: at diagnosis, during standard chemotherapy, and in cases of relapse. Upregulation of glycolysis, dependency on anaplerotic energy sources, and activation of the electron transport chain have all been observed in cALL. While the current treatment strategies are tackling some of these aberrations, cALL cells are likely to be able to rewire their metabolism in order to escape therapy, which may contribute to a refractory disease and relapse. Finally, here we focus on novel therapeutic approaches emerging from our evolving understanding of the alterations of different metabolic networks in lymphoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan Sbirkov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University- Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Hasan Burnusuzov
- Research Institute at Medical University- Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University- Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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33
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Toscan CE, Jing D, Mayoh C, Lock RB. Reversal of glucocorticoid resistance in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is dependent on restoring BIM expression. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1769-1781. [PMID: 32242100 PMCID: PMC7283241 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common paediatric malignancy. Glucocorticoids form a critical component of chemotherapy regimens and resistance to glucocorticoid therapy is predictive of poor outcome. We have previously shown that glucocorticoid resistance is associated with upregulation of the oncogene C-MYC and failure to induce the proapoptotic gene BIM. METHODS A high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign was carried out to identify glucocorticoid sensitisers against an ALL xenograft derived from a glucocorticoid-resistant paediatric patient. Gene expression analysis was carried out using Illumina microarrays. Efficacy, messenger RNA and protein analysis were carried out by Resazurin assay, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. RESULTS A novel glucocorticoid sensitiser, 2-((4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio)-N-isopropyl-N-phenylacetamide (GCS-3), was identified from the HTS campaign. The sensitising effect was specific to glucocorticoids and synergy was observed in a range of dexamethasone-resistant and dexamethasone-sensitive xenografts representative of B-ALL, T-ALL and Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL. GCS-3 in combination with dexamethasone downregulated C-MYC and significantly upregulated BIM expression in a glucocorticoid-resistant ALL xenograft. The GCS-3/dexamethasone combination significantly increased binding of the glucocorticoid receptor to a novel BIM enhancer, which is associated with glucocorticoid sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the potential of the novel glucocorticoid sensitiser, GCS-3, as a biological tool to interrogate glucocorticoid action and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Toscan
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duohui Jing
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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34
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Wang F, Zhang J, Zhou G. The mTOR-glycolytic pathway promotes T-cell immunobiology in oral lichen planus. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151933. [PMID: 32201095 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated inflammatory mucosal disease. T cells require rapid metabolic reprogramming for their effector functions after activation by immunologic stimuli. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central player in the metabolic reprogramming and immune responses of T cells. The present study investigated the role of mTOR in the immunometabolism of OLP. mTOR and its direct target eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) were highly phosphorylated in peripheral T cells of OLP patients. Rapamycin-mediated blockage of mTOR activation restrained both T-cell proliferation and DNA synthesis, promoted apoptosis, and decreased Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios. Dual blockage of mTOR and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) exerted stronger inhibition on T-cell immunobiology than selective repression of PI3K alone. Rapamycin also blocked the glycolytic pathway in T cells. Moreover, glucose-induced activation of mTOR-glycolytic pathway increased T-cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and the Th17/Treg ratio, and decreased T-cell apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of glycolysis by 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) yielded the opposite effects on T-cell immunobiology by blocking the mTOR pathway. In conclusion, enhanced activation of the mTOR-glycolytic pathway promoted T-cell immunobiology, suggesting that dysregulation of immunometabolism might be associated with T-cell dysfunction in OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China.
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35
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Ali JS, Ain NU, Naz S, Zia M. Biomarker selection and imaging design in cancer: A link with biochemical pathways for imminent engineering. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03340. [PMID: 32055737 PMCID: PMC7005466 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells reprogram metabolic pathways to meet the demands of growth and proliferation. These altered manners of metabolism are now identified as hallmarks of cancer. Studies have revealed tumor cells alter specific pathways such as glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis and amino acid synthesis to support their proliferation. In this review, we provide a theoretical framework to understand metabolic reprogramming and the mechanisms accompanying distorted metabolism to tumor progression. How these alterations will be assisting in cancer diagnostics and advances in standard techniques in marker identification and imagining are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
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36
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Effect of methyl jasmonate and 3-bromopyruvate combination therapy on mice bearing the 4 T1 breast cancer cell line. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:103-111. [PMID: 31960257 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells apply the Warburg pathway to meet their increased metabolic demands caused by their rapid growth and proliferation and also creates an acidic environment to promote cancer cell invasion. 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrP) as an anti-cancer agent disrupts glycolytic pathway. Moreover, one of the mechanism of actions of Methyl Jasmonate (MJ) is interference in glycolysis. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate MJ and 3-BrP interaction. MTT assay was used to determine IC50 and synergistic concentrations. Combination index was applied to evaluate the drug- drug interaction. Human tumor xenograft breast cancer mice was used to evaluate drug efficacy in vivo. Tumor size was considered as a drug efficacy criterion. In addition to drug efficacy, probable side effects of these drugs including hepatotoxicity, renal failure, immunotoxicity, and losing weight were evaluated. Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase for hepatotoxicity, serum urea and creatinine level for the possibility of renal failure and changes in body weight were measured to evaluate drug toxicity. IL10 and TGFβ secretion in supernatant of isolated splenocytes from treated mice were assessed to check immunotoxicity. 3-BrP synergistically augmented the efficacy of MJ in the specific concentrations. This polytherapy was more effective than monotherapy of 3-BrP, MJ, and also surprisingly cyclophosphamide as a routine treatment for breast cancer in the tumor bearing mice. These results have been shown by decrease in tumor volume and increase of tumor growth inhibition percentage. This combination therapy didn't have any noticeable side effects on kidney, liver, and immune system and body weight.
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37
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Abstract
In this Review, Rashkovan et al. discuss the role of cancer metabolic circuitries feeding anabolism and redox potential in leukemia development and recent progress in translating these important findings to the clinic. Leukemia cell proliferation requires up-regulation and rewiring of metabolic pathways to feed anabolic cell growth. Oncogenic drivers directly and indirectly regulate metabolic pathways, and aberrant metabolism is central not only for leukemia proliferation and survival, but also mediates oncogene addiction with significant implications for the development of targeted therapies. This review explores leukemia metabolic circuitries feeding anabolism, redox potential, and energy required for tumor propagation with an emphasis on emerging therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Rashkovan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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38
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Hoffmann RF, Jonker MR, Brandenburg SM, de Bruin HG, Ten Hacken NHT, van Oosterhout AJM, Heijink IH. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases pro-inflammatory cytokine production and impairs repair and corticosteroid responsiveness in lung epithelium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15047. [PMID: 31636329 PMCID: PMC6803636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is characterized by chronic lung inflammation and irreversible lung tissue damage. Inhaled noxious gases, including cigarette smoke, are the major risk factor for COPD. Inhaled smoke first encounters the epithelial lining of the lungs, causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated whether a mitochondrial defect may contribute to increased lung epithelial pro-inflammatory responses, impaired epithelial repair and reduced corticosteroid sensitivity as observed in COPD. We used wild-type alveolar epithelial cells A549 and mitochondrial DNA-depleted A549 cells (A549 Rho-0) and studied pro-inflammatory responses using (multiplex) ELISA as well as epithelial barrier function and repair (real-time impedance measurements), in the presence and absence of the inhaled corticosteroid budesonide. We observed that A549 Rho-0 cells secrete higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines than wild-type A549 cells and display impaired repair upon wounding. Budesonide strongly suppressed the production of neutrophil attractant CXCL8, and promoted epithelial integrity in A549 wild-type cells, while A549 Rho-0 cells displayed reduced corticosteroid sensitivity compared to wild-type cells. The reduced corticosteroid responsiveness may be mediated by glycolytic reprogramming, specifically glycolysis-associated PI3K signaling, as PI3K inhibitor LY294002 restored the sensitivity of CXCL8 secretion to corticosteroids in A549 Rho-0 cells. In conclusion, mitochondrial defects may lead to increased lung epithelial pro-inflammatory responses, reduced epithelial repair and reduced corticosteroid responsiveness in lung epithelium, thus potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Hoffmann
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M R Jonker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S M Brandenburg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H G de Bruin
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N H T Ten Hacken
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A J M van Oosterhout
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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39
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Duan XL, Ma CC, Hua J, Xiao TW, Luan J. Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) triggers the malignancy of acute myeloid leukemia cells via upregulation of PDK4. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104693. [PMID: 31629899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a cancer of hematopoietic stem cells with a rapid progression. Recent studies indicated that endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) are potential risk factors for AML progression. Our present data showed that an industrial endocrine disrupting chemical, Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), can promote the proliferation of AML cells and decrease their sensitivity to daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (Ara-C) treatments. Further, BBP can increase the glucose consumption, lactate generation, and ATP levels of AML cells. Among the measured glycolysis-related genes, BBP can increase the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4), a mitochondrial protein that regulates the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle. The inhibitor of PDK4 or its specific siRNA can attenuate BBP-induced cell proliferation and ATP generation, which suggested the essential roles of PDK4 in BBP-induced glycolysis and proliferation. Further, BBP can increase the mRNA stability of PDK4, while had no effect on its transcription and protein stability. miR-15b-5p can bind with the 3'UTR of PDK4 to decrease its mRNA stability, while BBP can decrease the expression of miR-15b-5p in AML cells. Collectively, our data showed that BBP can trigger the malignancy of AML cells via regulation of miR-15b-5p/PDK4 signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Liang Duan
- Department of Hematology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Cong-Cong Ma
- Department of Hematology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Department of Hematology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Tai-Wu Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Jing Luan
- Department of Hematology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong 252000, China.
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40
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Hexokinase II inhibition by 3-bromopyruvate sensitizes myeloid leukemic cells K-562 to anti-leukemic drug, daunorubicin. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190880. [PMID: 31506393 PMCID: PMC6757186 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased metabolic flux towards Warburg phenotype promotes survival, proliferation and causes therapeutic resistance, in leukemic cells. Hexokinase-II (HK-II) is expressed predominantly in cancer cells, which promotes Warburg metabolic phenotype and protects the cancer cells from drug-induced apoptosis. The HK-II inhibitor 3- Bromopyruvate (3-BP) dissociates HK-II from mitochondrial complex, which leads to enhanced sensitization of leukemic cells to anti-leukemic drugs. In the present study, we analyzed the Warburg characteristics viz. HK-II expression, glucose uptake, endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of leukemic cell lines K-562 and THP-1 and then investigated if 3-BP can sensitize the leukemic cells K-562 to anti-leukemic drug Daunorubicin (DNR). We found that both K-562 and THP-1 cells have multi-fold high levels of HK-II, glucose uptake and endogenous ROS with respect to normal PBMCs. The combined treatment (CT) of 3-BP and DNR showed synergistic effect on the growth inhibition (GI) of K-562 and THP-1 cells. This growth inhibitory effect was attributed to 3-BP induced S-phase block and DNR induced G2/M block, resulted in reduced proliferation due to CT. Further, CT resulted in low HK-II level in mitochondrial fraction, high intracellular calcium and elevated apoptosis as compared with individual treatment of DNR and 3-BP. Moreover, CT caused enhanced DNA damage and hyperpolarized mitochondria, leading to cell death. Taken together, these results suggest that 3-BP synergises the anticancer effects of DNR in the chronic myeloid leukemic cell K-562, and may act as an effective adjuvant to anti-leukemic chemotherapy.
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41
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Paganelli F, Lonetti A, Anselmi L, Martelli AM, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F. New advances in targeting aberrant signaling pathways in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 74:100649. [PMID: 31523031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive disorder characterized by malignant transformation of immature progenitors primed towards T-cell development. Over the past 15 years, advances in the molecular characterization of T-ALL have uncovered oncogenic key drivers and crucial signaling pathways of this disease, opening new chances for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Currently, T-ALL patients are still treated with aggressive therapies, consisting of high dose multiagent chemotherapy. To minimize and overcome the unfavorable effects of these regimens, it is critical to identify innovative targets and test selective inhibitors of such targets. Major efforts are being made to develop small molecules against deregulated signaling pathways, which sustain T-ALL cell growth, survival, metabolism, and drug-resistance. This review will focus on recent improvements in the understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of T-ALL and on the challenging opportunities for T-ALL targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paganelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Anselmi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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42
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Yadav S, Pandey SK, Goel Y, Temre MK, Singh SM. Diverse Stakeholders of Tumor Metabolism: An Appraisal of the Emerging Approach of Multifaceted Metabolic Targeting by 3-Bromopyruvate. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:728. [PMID: 31333455 PMCID: PMC6620530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells possess a unique metabolic machinery to endure unobstructed cell survival. It comprises several levels of metabolic networking consisting of 1) upregulated expression of membrane-associated transporter proteins, facilitating unhindered uptake of substrates; 2) upregulated metabolic pathways for efficient substrate utilization; 3) pH and redox homeostasis, conducive for driving metabolism; 4) tumor metabolism-dependent reconstitution of tumor growth promoting the external environment; 5) upregulated expression of receptors and signaling mediators; and 6) distinctive genetic and regulatory makeup to generate and sustain rearranged metabolism. This feat is achieved by a "battery of molecular patrons," which acts in a highly cohesive and mutually coordinated manner to bestow immortality to neoplastic cells. Consequently, it is necessary to develop a multitargeted therapeutic approach to achieve a formidable inhibition of the diverse arrays of tumor metabolism. Among the emerging agents capable of such multifaceted targeting of tumor metabolism, an alkylating agent designated as 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) has gained immense research focus because of its broad spectrum and specific antineoplastic action. Inhibitory effects of 3-BP are imparted on a variety of metabolic target molecules, including transporters, metabolic enzymes, and several other crucial stakeholders of tumor metabolism. Moreover, 3-BP ushers a reconstitution of the tumor microenvironment, a reversal of tumor acidosis, and recuperative action on vital organs and systems of the tumor-bearing host. Studies have been conducted to identify targets of 3-BP and its derivatives and characterization of target binding for further optimization. This review presents a brief and comprehensive discussion about the current state of knowledge concerning various aspects of tumor metabolism and explores the prospects of 3-BP as a safe and effective antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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43
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Nguyen C, Pandey S. Exploiting Mitochondrial Vulnerabilities to Trigger Apoptosis Selectively in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E916. [PMID: 31261935 PMCID: PMC6678564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of normal cells to the cancerous stage involves multiple genetic changes or mutations leading to hyperproliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and evasion of the host immune system. However, to accomplish hyperproliferation, cancer cells undergo profound metabolic reprogramming including oxidative glycolysis and acidification of the cytoplasm, leading to hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. The majority of drug development research in the past has focused on targeting DNA replication, repair, and tubulin polymerization to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Unfortunately, these are not cancer-selective targets. Recently, researchers have started focusing on metabolic, mitochondrial, and oxidative stress vulnerabilities of cancer cells that can be exploited as selective targets for inducing cancer cell death. Indeed, the hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membranes in cancer cells can lead to selective importing of mitocans that can induce apoptotic effects. Herein, we will discuss recent mitochondrial-selective anticancer compounds (mitocans) that have shown selective toxicity against cancer cells. Increased oxidative stress has also been shown to be very effective in selectively inducing cell death in cancer cells. This oxidative stress could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn will produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS). This creates a vicious cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production, irreversibly leading to cell suicide. We will also explore the possibility of combining these compounds to sensitize cancer cells to the conventional anticancer agents. Mitocans in combination with selective oxidative-stress producing agents could be very effective anticancer treatments with minimal effect on healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9E 3P4, Canada
| | - Siyaram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9E 3P4, Canada.
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44
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An essential role for GLUT5-mediated fructose utilization in exacerbating the malignancy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:471-483. [PMID: 31102011 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fructose is an important alternative carbon source for several tumors, and GLUT5 is the major fructose transporter which mediates most of fructose uptake in cells. So far, it is unclear whether GLUT5-mediated fructose utilization is important for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we demonstrated that GLUT5 was highly expressed in a panel of ccRCC cell lines. High GLUT5 expression exacerbated the neoplastic phenotypes of ccRCC cells, including cell proliferation and colony formation. On the other hand, deletion of the GLUT5-encoding gene SLC2A5 dramatically attenuated cellular malignancy via activating the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, administration of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM), a competitive inhibitor of fructose uptake, could markedly suppress ccRCC cell growth. Together, we provide a new mechanistic insight for GLUT5-mediated fructose utilization in ccRCC cells and highlight the therapeutic potential for targeting this metabolic pathway against ccRCC.
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45
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Steeghs EMP, Boer JM, Hoogkamer AQ, Boeree A, de Haas V, de Groot-Kruseman HA, Horstmann MA, Escherich G, Pieters R, den Boer ML. Copy number alterations in B-cell development genes, drug resistance, and clinical outcome in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4634. [PMID: 30874617 PMCID: PMC6420659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is associated with a high frequency of copy number alterations (CNAs) in IKZF1, EBF1, PAX5, CDKN2A/B, RB1, BTG1, ETV6, and/or the PAR1 region (henceforth: B-cell development genes). We aimed to gain insight in the association between CNAs in these genes, clinical outcome parameters, and cellular drug resistance. 71% of newly diagnosed pediatric BCP-ALL cases harbored one or more CNAs in these B-cell development genes. The distribution and clinical relevance of these CNAs was highly subtype-dependent. In the DCOG-ALL10 cohort, only loss of IKZF1 associated as single marker with unfavorable outcome parameters and cellular drug resistance. Prednisolone resistance was observed in IKZF1-deleted primary high hyperdiploid cells (~1500-fold), while thiopurine resistance was detected in IKZF1-deleted primary BCR-ABL1-like and non-BCR-ABL1-like B-other cells (~2.7-fold). The previously described risk stratification classifiers, i.e. IKZF1plus and integrated cytogenetic and CNA classification, both predicted unfavorable outcome in the DCOG-ALL10 cohort, and associated with ex vivo drug cellular resistance to thiopurines, or L-asparaginase and thiopurines, respectively. This resistance could be attributed to overrepresentation of BCR-ABL1-like cases in these risk groups. Taken together, our data indicate that the prognostic value of CNAs in B-cell development genes is linked to subtype-related drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M P Steeghs
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Boer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Q Hoogkamer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Boeree
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie de Haas
- DCOG, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin A Horstmann
- COALL - German Cooperative Study Group for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, University Medical Centre Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Escherich
- COALL - German Cooperative Study Group for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, University Medical Centre Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rob Pieters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- DCOG, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Monique L den Boer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- DCOG, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands.
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46
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Cao D, Qi Z, Pang Y, Li H, Xie H, Wu J, Huang Y, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Zhu Y, Dai B, Hu X, Ye D, Wang Z. Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor C Regulates Proliferation, Glycolysis, and Chemoresistance via the PD-L1/ITGB6/STAT3 Signaling Axis in Bladder Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2604-2618. [PMID: 30808674 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) is a member of the nuclear orphan receptor family and performs critical regulatory functions in cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance in various types of malignant tumors. Here we showed that expression of RORC is lost in tumor tissues of bladder cancer patients. Enhanced expression of RORC suppressed cell proliferation and glucose metabolism and increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. RORC bound the promoter region of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and negatively regulated PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 directly interacted with integrin β6 (ITGB6) and activated the ITGB6/FAK signaling pathway. RORC prevented the nuclear translocation of STAT3 via suppression of the PD-L1/ITGB6 signaling pathway, which further inhibited bladder cell proliferation and glucose metabolism and increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis. These findings reveal that RORC regulates bladder cancer cell proliferation, glucose metabolism, and chemoresistance by participating in the PD-L1/ITGB6/STAT3 signaling axis. Moreover, this new understanding of PD-L1 signaling may guide the selection of therapeutic targets to prevent tumor recurrence. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that RORC-mediated regulation of a PD-L1/ITGB6/FAK/STAT3 signaling axis in bladder cancer provides several potential therapeutic targets to prevent tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Cao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihao Qi
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- Department of Urology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Huyang Xie
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Junlong Wu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Shen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. .,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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47
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Olivas-Aguirre M, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Mitochondria as emerging targets for therapies against T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:935-946. [PMID: 30698851 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5vmr0818-330rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies, arising from diverse genetic alterations in the early lymphocyte development. T-cell subtype of ALL (T-ALL) accounts for about 15% and 25% of ALL in children and adults, respectively. Being less frequent among ALL subtypes, T-ALL represents a high-risk factor for poor prognosis due to its aggressiveness and resistance to common antileukemic drugs. Mitochondria were widely explored recently as a target for anticancer treatment because they are involved in a metabolic reprogramming of a cancer cell and play key roles in reactive oxygen species generation, Ca2+ signaling, and cell death induction. Accordingly, a new class of anticancer compounds named mitocans has been developed, which target mitochondria at distinct crucial points to promote their dysfunction and subsequent cell death. The present review analyses the role of mitochondria in malignant reprogramming and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria as an "Achilles' heel" in T-ALL, with an emphasis on BH3 mimetics, sequestering pro-survival BCL proteins and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)1-directed drugs, which promote the suppression of aerobic glycolysis, VDAC1 closure, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, stoppage of the oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and release of proapoptotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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48
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Liu Z, Zhou T, Han X, Lang T, Liu S, Zhang P, Liu H, Wan K, Yu J, Zhang L, Chen L, Beuerman RW, Peng B, Zhou L, Zou L. Mathematical models of amino acid panel for assisting diagnosis of children acute leukemia. J Transl Med 2019; 17:38. [PMID: 30674317 PMCID: PMC6343345 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The altered concentrations of amino acids were found in the bone marrow or blood of leukemia patients. Metabolomics technology combining mathematical model of biomarkers could be used for assisting the diagnosis of pediatric acute leukemia (AL). METHODS The concentrations of 17 amino acids was measured by targeted liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry in periphery blood collected using dried blood spots. After evaluation, the mathematical models were further evaluated by prospective clinical validation cohort for AL diagnosis. RESULTS The concentrations of 13 in 17 amino acids were statistically different between the periphery blood dried serum dots measured by targeted LC-MS/MS. The receiver operating characteristic analysis for the models of amino acid panel showed that the area under curve for AL diagnosis were 0.848, 0.834 and 0.856 by SVM, RF and XGBoost. The Kappa values in further prospectively evaluated clinical cohort were 0.697, 0.703 and 0.789 (p > 0.05) respectively, and the accuracies for the models were 84.86%, 85.20% and 89.46% respectively with further clinical validation. CONCLUSIONS The established mathematical model is a faster, cheaper and more convenient way than conventional methods, and no significant difference on the effect of diagnosis comparing with conventional methods. The mathematical model can be clinically useful for assisting pediatric AL diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidai Liu
- Clinical Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Demonstration Base for International Cooperation, Beijing, China.,The Development and Diseases Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanning, China.,The Pediatrics Key Laboratory of Chongqing Science and Technology Committee, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Han
- Clinical Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Demonstration Base for International Cooperation, Beijing, China.,The Development and Diseases Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanning, China.,The Pediatrics Key Laboratory of Chongqing Science and Technology Committee, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyuan Lang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Clinical Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Demonstration Base for International Cooperation, Beijing, China.,The Development and Diseases Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanning, China.,The Pediatrics Key Laboratory of Chongqing Science and Technology Committee, Chongqing, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Demonstration Base for International Cooperation, Beijing, China.,The Development and Diseases Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanning, China.,The Pediatrics Key Laboratory of Chongqing Science and Technology Committee, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kexing Wan
- Clinical Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Demonstration Base for International Cooperation, Beijing, China.,The Development and Diseases Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanning, China.,The Pediatrics Key Laboratory of Chongqing Science and Technology Committee, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liyan Chen
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Lin Zou
- Clinical Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Demonstration Base for International Cooperation, Beijing, China. .,The Development and Diseases Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanning, China. .,The Pediatrics Key Laboratory of Chongqing Science and Technology Committee, Chongqing, China.
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49
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Somers K, Wen VW, Middlemiss SMC, Osborne B, Forgham H, Jung M, Karsa M, Clifton M, Bongers A, Gao J, Mayoh C, Raoufi-Rad N, Kusnadi EP, Hannan KM, Scott DA, Kwek A, Liu B, Flemming C, Chudakova DA, Pandher R, Failes TW, Lim J, Angeli A, Osterman AL, Imamura T, Kees UR, Supuran CT, Pearson RB, Hannan RD, Davis TP, McCarroll J, Kavallaris M, Turner N, Gudkov AV, Haber M, Norris MD, Henderson MJ. A novel small molecule that kills a subset of MLL-rearranged leukemia cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Oncogene 2019; 38:3824-3842. [PMID: 30670779 PMCID: PMC6756102 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Survival rates for pediatric patients suffering from mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged leukemia remain below 50% and more targeted, less toxic therapies are urgently needed. A screening method optimized to discover cytotoxic compounds selective for MLL-rearranged leukemia identified CCI-006 as a novel inhibitor of MLL-rearranged and CALM-AF10 translocated leukemias that share common leukemogenic pathways. CCI-006 inhibited mitochondrial respiration and induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptosis in a subset (7/11, 64%) of MLL-rearranged leukemia cell lines within a few hours of treatment. The unresponsive MLL-rearranged leukemia cells did not undergo mitochondrial membrane depolarization or apoptosis despite a similar attenuation of mitochondrial respiration by the compound. In comparison to the sensitive cells, the unresponsive MLL-rearranged leukemia cells were characterized by a more glycolytic metabolic phenotype, exemplified by a more pronounced sensitivity to glycolysis inhibitors and elevated HIF1α expression. Silencing of HIF1α expression sensitized an intrinsically unresponsive MLL-rearranged leukemia cell to CCI-006, indicating that this pathway plays a role in determining sensitivity to the compound. In addition, unresponsive MLL-rearranged leukemia cells expressed increased levels of MEIS1, an important leukemogenic MLL target gene that plays a role in regulating metabolic phenotype through HIF1α. MEIS1 expression was also variable in a pediatric MLL-rearranged ALL patient dataset, highlighting the existence of a previously undescribed metabolic variability in MLL-rearranged leukemia that may contribute to the heterogeneity of the disease. This study thus identified a novel small molecule that rapidly kills MLL-rearranged leukemia cells by targeting a metabolic vulnerability in a subset of low HIF1α/low MEIS1-expressing MLL-rearranged leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaartje Somers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria W Wen
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Shiloh M C Middlemiss
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Brenna Osborne
- Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Forgham
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - MoonSun Jung
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Mawar Karsa
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Molly Clifton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelika Bongers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Jixuan Gao
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Newsha Raoufi-Rad
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric P Kusnadi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate M Hannan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra City, ACT, Australia
| | - David A Scott
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alan Kwek
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Bing Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Claudia Flemming
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Daria A Chudakova
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruby Pandher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim W Failes
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,ACRF Drug Discovery Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Lim
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ursula R Kees
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Ross D Hannan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra City, ACT, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warrick, Coventry, UK
| | - Joshua McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Oncotartis, Inc., Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle J Henderson
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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50
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Chen L, Zhao H, Wang C, Hu N. TUG1 knockdown enhances adriamycin cytotoxicity by inhibiting glycolysis in adriamycin-resistant acute myeloid leukemia HL60/ADR cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10897-10904. [PMID: 35515331 PMCID: PMC9062713 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) has been reported as an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Nevertheless, the roles and molecular mechanism of TUG1 in drug resistance of AML cells are still unclear. Glycolysis level was evaluated by detecting glucose consumption and lactate production. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect TUG1, hexokinase2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) expressions. Adriamycin (ADR) cytotoxicity and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The changes of the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway were determined by Western blot analysis of phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) (ser473) and Akt. Our results showed that glycolysis was increased in HL60/ADR cells, as evidenced by the elevated glucose consumption and lactate production, as well as the increased HK2 and PKM2 expressions at mRNA and protein levels. TUG1 was up-regulated in HL60/ADR cells and TUG knockdown inhibited glycolysis. TUG1 knockdown enhanced ADR-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HL60/ADR cells. TUG1 knockdown inhibited the Akt pathway and activation of the Akt pathway by 740Y-P attenuated the effects of TUG1 knockdown on ADR-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, as well as glycolysis in HL60/ADR cells. Taken together, TUG1 knockdown enhances adriamycin cytotoxicity in HL60/ADR cells via inhibiting the glycolysis by inactivating the Akt pathway. Taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) has been reported as an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Hematology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Hongmian Zhao
- Department of Hematology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Hematology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Hematology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng 475000
- China
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