1
|
Li X, Li W, Zhang Y, Xu L, Song Y. Exploiting the potential of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in overcoming tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101150. [PMID: 38947742 PMCID: PMC11214299 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting BCR-ABL has drastically changed the treatment approach of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), greatly prolonged the life of CML patients, and improved their prognosis. However, TKI resistance is still a major problem with CML patients, reducing the efficacy of treatment and their quality of life. TKI resistance is mainly divided into BCR-ABL-dependent and BCR-ABL-independent resistance. Now, the main clinical strategy addressing TKI resistance is to switch to newly developed TKIs. However, data have shown that these new drugs may cause serious adverse reactions and intolerance and cannot address all resistance mutations. Therefore, finding new therapeutic targets to overcome TKI resistance is crucial and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has emerged as a focus. The UPS mediates the degradation of most proteins in organisms and controls a wide range of physiological processes. In recent years, the study of UPS in hematological malignant tumors has resulted in effective treatments, such as bortezomib in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. In CML, the components of UPS cooperate or antagonize the efficacy of TKI by directly or indirectly affecting the ubiquitination of BCR-ABL, interfering with CML-related signaling pathways, and negatively or positively affecting leukemia stem cells. Some of these molecules may help overcome TKI resistance and treat CML. In this review, the mechanism of TKI resistance is briefly described, the components of UPS are introduced, existing studies on UPS participating in TKI resistance are listed, and UPS as the therapeutic target and strategies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Linping Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Okabe S, Moriyama M, Gotoh A. Effects of bortezomib on ponatinib-resistant Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38300854 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2309308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Okabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi H, Gao L, Zhang W, Jiang M. Long non-coding RNAs regulate treatment outcome in leukemia: What have we learnt recently? Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37148556 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a group of highly heterogeneous and life-threatening blood cancers that originate from abnormal hematopoietic stem cells. Multiple treatments are approved for leukemia, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, therapeutic resistance occurs in a substantial proportion of patients and greatly compromises the treatment efficacy of leukemia, resulting in relapse and mortality. The abnormal activity of receptor tyrosine kinases, cell membrane transporters, intracellular signal transducers, transcription factors, and anti-apoptotic proteins have been shown to contribute to the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Despite these findings, the exact mechanisms of treatment resistance are still not fully understood, which limits the development of effective measures to overcome it. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are a class of regulatory molecules that are gaining increasing attention, and lncRNA-mediated regulation of therapeutic resistance against multiple drugs for leukemia is being revealed. These dysregulated lncRNAs not only serve as potential targets to reduce resistance but also might improve treatment response prediction and individualized treatment decision. Here, we summarize the recent findings on lncRNA-mediated regulation of therapeutic resistance in leukemia and discuss future perspectives on how to make use of the dysregulated lncRNAs in leukemia to improve treatment outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang L, Jiang C, Yu X, Fu R, Jin S, Liu X. DeepTTA: a transformer-based model for predicting cancer drug response. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6554594. [PMID: 35348595 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying new lead molecules to treat cancer requires more than a decade of dedicated effort. Before selected drug candidates are used in the clinic, their anti-cancer activity is generally validated by in vitro cellular experiments. Therefore, accurate prediction of cancer drug response is a critical and challenging task for anti-cancer drugs design and precision medicine. With the development of pharmacogenomics, the combination of efficient drug feature extraction methods and omics data has made it possible to use computational models to assist in drug response prediction. In this study, we propose DeepTTA, a novel end-to-end deep learning model that utilizes transformer for drug representation learning and a multilayer neural network for transcriptomic data prediction of the anti-cancer drug responses. Specifically, DeepTTA uses transcriptomic gene expression data and chemical substructures of drugs for drug response prediction. Compared to existing methods, DeepTTA achieved higher performance in terms of root mean square error, Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient on multiple test sets. Moreover, we discovered that anti-cancer drugs bortezomib and dactinomycin provide a potential therapeutic option with multiple clinical indications. With its excellent performance, DeepTTA is expected to be an effective method in cancer drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Likun Jiang
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Changzhi Jiang
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xinyu Yu
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuting Jin
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiangrong Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun H, Li Y, Wang X, Zhou X, Rong S, Liang D, Sun G, Cao H, Sun H, Wang R, Yan Y, Xie S, Sun Y. TRIB2 regulates the expression of miR‑33a‑5p through the ERK/c‑Fos pathway to affect the imatinib resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:49. [PMID: 35302171 PMCID: PMC8973951 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological disease, and imatinib (IM) resistance represents a major problem for its clinical treatment. In the present study, the role of tribbles pseudokinase 2 (TRIB2) in IM resistance of CML and the possible mechanism were investigated. It was found that TRIB2 was highly expressed in IM-resistant patients with CML through the Oncomine database and this conclusion was confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot experiments. Knockdown of TRIB2 was found to increase the drug sensitivity of KG cells to IM using Cell-Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, and the low-expression TRIB2 mice were further found to be more sensitive to the IM and have a higher survival rate in leukemia model mice. Moreover, using western blot and luciferase experiments, it was found that TRIB2 could regulate c-Fos through the ERK signaling pathway, and c-Fos suppressed the transcriptional activity and the expression of miR-33a-5p. Further investigation identified that the binding site for c-Fos to function on miR-33a-5p was the -958-965 region. Finally, CCK-8 assays and western blot experiments demonstrated that miR-33a-5p could inhibit the proliferation of KG cells and reduce IM resistance by suppressing the expression of HMGA2. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that TRIB2 regulates miR-33a-5p to reverse IM resistance in CML, which may help identify novel targets and therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of IM resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| | - Youjie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264033, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264033, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| | - Simin Rong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264033, P.R. China
| | - Dongmin Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264033, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264033, P.R. China
| | - Huizhen Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| | - Hongfang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264033, P.R. China
| | - Ranran Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264033, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264033, P.R. China
| | - Shuyang Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264033, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Massimino M, Vigneri P, Stella S, Tirrò E, Pennisi MS, Parrinello LN, Vetro C, Manzella L, Stagno F, Di Raimondo F. Combined Inhibition of Bcl2 and Bcr-Abl1 Exercises Anti-Leukemia Activity but Does Not Eradicate the Primitive Leukemic Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235606. [PMID: 34884309 PMCID: PMC8658323 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The management of Philadelphia Chromosome-positive (Ph+) hematological malignancies is strictly correlated to the use of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, these drugs do not induce leukemic stem cells death and their persistence may generate a disease relapse. Published reports indicated that Venetoclax, a selective BCL2 inhibitor, could be effective in Ph+ diseases, as BCL2 anti-apoptotic activity is modulated by BCR-ABL1 kinase. We, therefore, investigated if BCL2 inhibition, alone or combined with Nilotinib, a BCR-ABL1 inhibitor, affects the primitive and committed Ph+ cells survival. Methods: We used Ph+ cells isolated from leukemic patients at diagnosis. To estimate the therapeutic efficacy of BCL2 and BCR-ABL1 inhibition we employed long-term culture, proliferation and apoptosis assay. Immunoblot was used to evaluate the ability of treatment to interfere with the down-stream targets of BCR-ABL1. Results: Blocking BCL2, we observed reduced proliferation and clonogenic potential of CML CD34-positive cells and this cytotoxicity was improved by combination with BCR-ABL1 inhibitor. However, BCL2 inhibition, alone or in combination regiment with BCR-ABL1 inhibitor, did not reduce the self-renewal of primitive leukemic cells, while strongly induced cell death on primary Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Conclusion: Our results suggest that primitive CML leukemic cells are not dependent on BCL2 for their persistence and support that committed CML and Ph + ALL cells are dependent by BCL2 and BCR-ABL1 cooperation for their survival. The antileukemic activity of BCL2 and BCR-ABL1 dual targeting may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Ph+ ALL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-3781952; Fax: +39-095-3781949
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Nunziatina Parrinello
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Calogero Vetro
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bencomo-Alvarez AE, Rubio AJ, Olivas IM, Gonzalez MA, Ellwood R, Fiol CR, Eide CA, Lara JJ, Barreto-Vargas C, Jave-Suarez LF, Nteliopoulos G, Reid AG, Milojkovic D, Druker BJ, Apperley J, Khorashad JS, Eiring AM. Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPases 1 (PSMD1) and 3 (PSMD3), play an oncogenic role in chronic myeloid leukemia by stabilizing nuclear factor-kappa B. Oncogene 2021; 40:2697-2710. [PMID: 33712704 PMCID: PMC7952820 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting BCR-ABL1 have revolutionized therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), paving the way for clinical development in other diseases. Despite success, targeting leukemic stem cells and overcoming drug resistance remain challenges for curative cancer therapy. To identify drivers of kinase-independent TKI resistance in CML, we performed genome-wide expression analyses on TKI-resistant versus sensitive CML cell lines, revealing a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression signature. Nucleocytoplasmic fractionation and luciferase reporter assays confirmed increased NF-κB activity in the nucleus of TKI-resistant versus sensitive CML cell lines and CD34+ patient samples. Two genes that were upregulated in TKI-resistant CML cells were proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPases 1 (PSMD1) and 3 (PSMD3), both members of the 19S regulatory complex in the 26S proteasome. PSMD1 and PSMD3 were also identified as survival-critical genes in a published small hairpin RNA library screen of TKI resistance. We observed markedly higher levels of PSMD1 and PSMD3 mRNA in CML patients who had progressed to the blast phase compared with the chronic phase of the disease. Knockdown of PSMD1 or PSMD3 protein correlated with reduced survival and increased apoptosis in CML cells, but not in normal cord blood CD34+ progenitors. Luciferase reporter assays and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that PSMD1 and PSMD3 promote NF-κB protein expression in CML, and that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) further activates NF-κB in scenarios of TKI resistance. Our data identify NF-κB as a transcriptional driver in TKI resistance, and implicate PSMD1 and PSMD3 as plausible therapeutic targets worthy of future investigation in CML and possibly other malignancies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Heterografts
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/genetics
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso E Bencomo-Alvarez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Andres J Rubio
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Idaly M Olivas
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Mayra A Gonzalez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Ellwood
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carme Ripoll Fiol
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joshua J Lara
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | | | - Luis F Jave-Suarez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigaciόn Biomédica de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Georgios Nteliopoulos
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alistair G Reid
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dragana Milojkovic
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jane Apperley
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jamshid S Khorashad
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna M Eiring
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mazumder A, Lee JY, Talhi O, Cerella C, Chateauvieux S, Gaigneaux A, Hong CR, Kang HJ, Lee Y, Kim KW, Kim DW, Shin HY, Dicato M, Bachari K, Silva AM, Orlikova-Boyer B, Diederich M. Hydroxycoumarin OT-55 kills CML cells alone or in synergy with imatinib or Synribo: Involvement of ER stress and DAMP release. Cancer Lett 2018; 438:197-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
9
|
Bono S, Lulli M, D'Agostino VG, Di Gesualdo F, Loffredo R, Cipolleschi MG, Provenzani A, Rovida E, Dello Sbarba P. Different BCR/Abl protein suppression patterns as a converging trait of chronic myeloid leukemia cell adaptation to energy restriction. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84810-84825. [PMID: 27852045 PMCID: PMC5356700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BCR/Abl protein drives the onset and progression of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). We previously showed that BCR/Abl protein is suppressed in low oxygen, where viable cells retain stem cell potential. This study addressed the regulation of BCR/Abl protein expression under oxygen or glucose shortage, characteristic of the in vivo environment where cells resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) persist. We investigated, at transcriptional, translational and post-translational level, the mechanisms involved in BCR/Abl suppression in K562 and KCL22 CML cells. BCR/abl mRNA steady-state analysis and ChIP-qPCR on BCR promoter revealed that BCR/abl transcriptional activity is reduced in K562 cells under oxygen shortage. The SUnSET assay showed an overall reduction of protein synthesis under oxygen/glucose shortage in both cell lines. However, only low oxygen decreased polysome-associated BCR/abl mRNA significantly in KCL22 cells, suggesting a decreased BCR/Abl translation. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 or the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk extended BCR/Abl expression under oxygen/glucose shortage in K562 cells. Glucose shortage induced autophagy-dependent BCR/Abl protein degradation in KCL22 cells. Overall, our results showed that energy restriction induces different cell-specific BCR/Abl protein suppression patterns, which represent a converging route to TKi-resistance of CML cells. Thus, the interference with BCR/Abl expression in environment-adapted CML cells may become a useful implement to current therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bono
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Federico Di Gesualdo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosa Loffredo
- Centre For Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cipolleschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Centre For Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Persio Dello Sbarba
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Perrotti D, Silvestri G, Stramucci L, Yu J, Trotta R. Cellular and Molecular Networks in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The Leukemic Stem, Progenitor and Stromal Cell Interplay. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 18:377-388. [PMID: 27307150 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666160615074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of imatinib, second and third generation ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (i.e. dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib and ponatinib) made CML a clinically manageable and, in a small percentage of cases, a cured disease. TKI therapy also turned CML blastic transformation into a rare event; however, disease progression still occurs in those patients who are refractory, not compliant with TKI therapy or develop resistance to multiple TKIs. In the past few years, it became clear that the BCRABL1 oncogene does not operate alone to drive disease emergence, maintenance and progression. Indeed, it seems that bone marrow (BM) microenvironment-generated signals and cell autonomous BCRABL1 kinase-independent genetic and epigenetic alterations all contribute to: i. persistence of a quiescent leukemic stem cell (LSC) reservoir, ii. innate or acquired resistance to TKIs, and iii. progression into the fatal blast crisis stage. Herein, we review the intricate leukemic network in which aberrant, but finely tuned, survival, mitogenic and self-renewal signals are generated by leukemic progenitors, stromal cells, immune cells and metabolic microenvironmental conditions (e.g. hypoxia) to promote LSC maintenance and blastic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Perrotti
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Platinum pyrithione induces apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells resistant to imatinib via DUB inhibition-dependent caspase activation and Bcr-Abl downregulation. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2913. [PMID: 28682311 PMCID: PMC5550844 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by the chimeric tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl. T315I Bcr-Abl is the most notorious point mutation to elicit acquired resistance to imatinib (IM), leading to poor prognosis. Therefore, it is urgent to search for additional approaches and targeting strategies to overcome IM resistance. We recently reported that platinum pyrithione (PtPT) potently inhibits the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) via targeting the 26 S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs), without effecting on the 20 S proteasome. Here we further report that (i) PtPT induces apoptosis in Bcr-Abl wild-type and Bcr-Abl-T315I mutation cells including the primary mononuclear cells from CML patients clinically resistant to IM, as well as inhibits the growth of IM-resistant Bcr-Abl-T315I xenografts in vivo; (ii) PtPT downregulates Bcr-Abl level through restraining Bcr-Abl transcription, and decreasing Bcr-Abl protein mediated by DUBs inhibition-induced caspase activation; (iii) UPS inhibition is required for PtPT-induced caspase activation and cell apoptosis. These findings support that PtPT overcomes IM resistance through both Bcr-Abl-dependent and -independent mechanisms. We conclude that PtPT can be a lead compound for further drug development to overcome imatinib resistance in CML patients.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yue X, Zuo Y, Ke H, Luo J, Lou L, Qin W, Wang Y, Liu Z, Chen D, Sun H, Zheng W, Zhu C, Wang R, Wen G, Du J, Zhou B, Bu X. Identification of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues as novel proteasome inhibitors for potential anticancer agents targeting 19S regulatory particle associated deubiquitinase. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 137:29-50. [PMID: 28476333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The proteasomal 19S regulatory particle (RP) associated deubiquitinases (DUBs) have attracted much attention owing to their potential as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Identification of new entities against 19S RP associated DUBs and illustration of the underlying mechanisms is crucial for discovery of novel proteasome blockers. In this study, a series of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues were identified as potent proteasome inhibitor by preferentially blocking deubiquitinase function of proteasomal 19S RP with moderate 20S CP inhibition. The most active compound 33 exhibited a major inhibitory effect on 19S RP-associated ubiquitin-specific proteases 14, along with a minor effect on ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 5, which resulted in dysfunction of proteasome, and subsequently accumulated ubiquitinated proteins (such as IκB) in several cancer cells. Remarkably, though both 19S RP and 20S CP inhibition induced significantly endoplasmic reticulum stress and triggered caspase-12/9 pathway activation to promote cancer cell apoptosis, the 19S RP inhibition by 33 avoided slow onset time, Bcl-2 overexpression, and PERK-phosphorylation, which contribute to the deficiencies of clinical drug Bortezomib. These systematic studies provided insights in the development of novel proteasome inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Key Words
- (1E,6E)-4-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-1,7-bis(345-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione (33: PubChem CID:123132175)
- (1E,6E)-4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1,7-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione (34: PubChemCID:123132176)
- 19S regulatory particle
- 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde (PubChem CID:6858)
- Acetylacetone (PubChem CID: 31261)
- Anticancer
- Bortezomib (PubChem CID: 387447)
- Curcumin (PubChem CID: 969516)
- Curcumin analogues
- Deubiquitinase
- Proteasome
- n-Butylamine (PubChem CID: 8007)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yinglin Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Hongpeng Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaming Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanlan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Youqiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daoyuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haixia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weichao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuige Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gesi Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Binhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xianzhang Bu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qian S, Li J, Hong M, Zhu Y, Zhao H, Xie Y, Huang J, Lian Y, Li Y, Wang S, Mao J, Chen Y. TIGAR cooperated with glycolysis to inhibit the apoptosis of leukemia cells and associated with poor prognosis in patients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:128. [PMID: 27884166 PMCID: PMC5123356 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells show increased glycolysis and take advantage of this metabolic pathway to generate ATP. The TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) inhibits aerobic glycolysis and protects tumor cells from intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated apoptosis. However, the function of TIGAR in glycolysis and survival of acute myeloid leukemia cells remains unclear. Methods We analyzed TIGAR expression in cytogenetically normal (CN-) AML patients and the correlations with clinical and biological parameters. In vivo and in vitro, we tested whether glycolysis may induce TIGAR expression and evaluated the combination effect of glycolysis inhibitor and TIGAR knockdown on human leukemia cell proliferation. Results High TIGAR expression was an independent predictor of poor survival and high incidence of relapse in adult patients with CN-AML. TIGAR also showed high expression in multiple human leukemia cell lines and knockdown of TIGAR activated glycolysis through PFKFB3 upregulation in human leukemia cells. Knockdown of TIGAR inhibited the proliferation of human leukemia cells and sensitized leukemia cells to glycolysis inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, TIGAR knockdown in combination with glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG led leukemia cells to apoptosis. In addition, the p53 activator Nutlin-3α showed a significant combinational effect with TIGAR knockdown in leukemia cells. However, TIGAR expression and its anti-apoptotic effects were uncoupled from overexpression of exogenous p53 in leukemia cells. Conclusions TIGAR might be a predictor of poor survival and high incidence of relapse in AML patients, and the combination of TIGAR inhibitors with anti-glycolytic agents may be novel therapies for the future clinical use in AML patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0360-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ming Hong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Huihui Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yun Lian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jianping Mao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yaoyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lan X, Zhao C, Chen X, Zhang P, Zang D, Wu J, Chen J, Long H, Yang L, Huang H, Carter BZ, Wang X, Shi X, Liu J. Nickel pyrithione induces apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells resistant to imatinib via both Bcr/Abl-dependent and Bcr/Abl-independent mechanisms. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:129. [PMID: 27884201 PMCID: PMC5123219 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired imatinib (IM) resistance is frequently characterized by Bcr-Abl mutations that affect IM binding and kinase inhibition in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Bcr-Abl-T315I mutation is the predominant mechanism of the acquired resistance to IM. Therefore, it is urgent to search for additional approaches and targeting strategies to overcome IM resistance. We recently reported that nickel pyrithione (NiPT) potently inhibits the ubiquitin proteasome system via targeting the 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (UCHL5 and USP14), without effecting on the 20S proteasome. In this present study, we investigated the effect of NiPT, a novel proteasomal deubiquitinase inhibitor, on cell survival or apoptosis in CML cells bearing Bcr-Abl-T315I or wild-type Bcr-Abl. METHODS Cell viability was examined by MTS assay and trypan blue exclusion staining assay in KBM5, KBM5R, K562, BaF3-p210-WT, BaF3-p210-T315I cells, and CML patients' bone marrow samples treated with NiPT. Cell apoptosis in CML cells was detected with Annexin V-FITC/PI and rhodamine-123 staining followed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and with western blot analyses for apoptosis-associated proteins. Expression levels of Bcr-Abl in CML cells were analyzed by using western blotting and real-time PCR. The 20S proteasome peptidase activity was measured using specific fluorogenic substrate. Active-site-directed labeling of proteasomal DUBs, as well as the phosphorylation of USP14 was used for evaluating the inhibition of the DUBs activity by NiPT. Mouse xenograft models of KBM5 and KBM5R cells were analyzed, and Bcr-Abl-related proteins and protein biomarkers related to proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion in tumor tissues were detected by western blots and/or immunohistological analyses. RESULTS NiPT induced apoptosis in CML cells and inhibited the growth of IM-resistant Bcr-Abl-T315I xenografts in nude mice. Mechanistically, NiPT induced decreases in Bcr-Abl proteins, which were associated with downregulation of Bcr-Abl transcription and with the cleavage of Bcr-Abl protein by activated caspases. NiPT-induced ubiquitin proteasome system inhibition induced caspase activation in both IM-resistant and IM-sensitive CML cells, and the caspase activation was required for NiPT-induced Bcr-Abl downregulation and apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that NiPT can overcome IM resistance through both Bcr-Abl-dependent and Bcr-Abl-independent mechanisms, providing potentially a new option for CML treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lan
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Dan Zang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Huidan Long
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Bing Z Carter
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.,Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Xianping Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Protein modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Protein modification and Degradation Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sadovnik I, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Herrmann H, Eisenwort G, Cerny-Reiterer S, Warsch W, Hoermann G, Greiner G, Blatt K, Peter B, Stefanzl G, Berger D, Bilban M, Herndlhofer S, Sill H, Sperr WR, Streubel B, Mannhalter C, Holyoake TL, Sexl V, Valent P. Identification of CD25 as STAT5-Dependent Growth Regulator of Leukemic Stem Cells in Ph+ CML. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2051-61. [PMID: 26607600 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), leukemic stem cells (LSC) represent a critical target of therapy. However, little is known about markers and targets expressed by LSCs. The aim of this project was to identify novel relevant markers of CML LSCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CML LSCs were examined by flow cytometry, qPCR, and various bioassays. In addition, we examined the multipotent CD25(+)CML cell line KU812. RESULTS In contrast to normal hematopoietic stem cells, CD34(+)/CD38(-)CML LSCs expressed the IL-2 receptor alpha chain, IL-2RA (CD25). STAT5 was found to induce expression of CD25 in Lin(-)/Sca-1(+)/Kit(+)stem cells in C57Bl/6 mice. Correspondingly, shRNA-induced STAT5 depletion resulted in decreased CD25 expression in KU812 cells. Moreover, the BCR/ABL1 inhibitors nilotinib and ponatinib were found to decrease STAT5 activity and CD25 expression in KU812 cells and primary CML LSCs. A CD25-targeting shRNA was found to augment proliferation of KU812 cellsin vitroand their engraftmentin vivoin NOD/SCID-IL-2Rγ(-/-)mice. In drug-screening experiments, the PI3K/mTOR blocker BEZ235 promoted the expression of STAT5 and CD25 in CML cells. Finally, we found that BEZ235 produces synergistic antineoplastic effects on CML cells when applied in combination with nilotinib or ponatinib. CONCLUSIONS CD25 is a novel STAT5-dependent marker of CML LSCs and may be useful for LSC detection and LSC isolation in clinical practice and basic science. Moreover, CD25 serves as a growth regulator of CML LSCs, which may have biologic and clinical implications and may pave the way for the development of new more effective LSC-eradicating treatment strategies in CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Sadovnik
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Hoelbl-Kovacic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Warsch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Berger
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Herndlhofer
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Berthold Streubel
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Mannhalter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tessa L Holyoake
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Safety of a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor and novel targeted therapy for the treatment of a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:907-9. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Wang LQ, Wang R, Li XX, Yu XN, Chen XL, Li H. The anti-leukemic effect of carnosic acid combined with adriamycin in a K562/A02/SCID leukemia mouse model. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:11708-11717. [PMID: 26380008 PMCID: PMC4565391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of carnosic acid (CA) were investigated on the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell growth in vivo. A NOD/SCID AML mouse model, which was set up by inoculation with K562/A02 cells, was used to study whether tumor growth in vivo can be inhibited by CA combined with adriamycin. After being inoculated with K562/A02 cells, the NOD/SCID mice were expressed positive human mdr1 and bcr/abl genes. This result indicates that the K562/A02/SCID leukemia mouse model is successfully established. The mice treated with CA combined with adriamycin exhibit a significant lower number of leukemia cells (20%) than that of untreated animals (32.5%) (P<0.05), in particular with higher percentages of apoptotic cells than the mice treated by single adriamycin (control) group. The median of 95% CI survival time is 19 (10.0-44.2) and 33 (29.4-36.6) days for the control group and the CA-treated group, respectively. The difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). It is illustrated that the natural compound CA, combined with Adriamycin, has high potential to inhibit the growth of malignant cells in vivo, and is a promising adjuvant anti-cancer drug. Prospective studies should be conducted to understand the functional mechanism of CA at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Liang Chen
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A "RANning" leap with "XPOrt" into TKI resistance. Blood 2015; 125:1686-8. [PMID: 25766563 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-622217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
19
|
Khorashad JS, Eiring AM, Mason CC, Gantz KC, Bowler AD, Redwine HM, Yu F, Kraft IL, Pomicter AD, Reynolds KR, Iovino AJ, Zabriskie MS, Heaton WL, Tantravahi SK, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Chenchik A, Bonneau K, Ullman KS, O'Hare T, Deininger MW. shRNA library screening identifies nucleocytoplasmic transport as a mediator of BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent resistance. Blood 2015; 125:1772-81. [PMID: 25573989 PMCID: PMC4357584 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-588855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients lacking explanatory BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutations are incompletely understood. To identify mechanisms of TKI resistance that are independent of BCR-ABL1 kinase activity, we introduced a lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) library targeting ∼5000 cell signaling genes into K562(R), a CML cell line with BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent TKI resistance expressing exclusively native BCR-ABL1. A customized algorithm identified genes whose shRNA-mediated knockdown markedly impaired growth of K562(R) cells compared with TKI-sensitive controls. Among the top candidates were 2 components of the nucleocytoplasmic transport complex, RAN and XPO1 (CRM1). shRNA-mediated RAN inhibition or treatment of cells with the XPO1 inhibitor, KPT-330 (Selinexor), increased the imatinib sensitivity of CML cell lines with kinase-independent TKI resistance. Inhibition of either RAN or XPO1 impaired colony formation of CD34(+) cells from newly diagnosed and TKI-resistant CML patients in the presence of imatinib, without effects on CD34(+) cells from normal cord blood or from a patient harboring the BCR-ABL1(T315I) mutant. These data implicate RAN in BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent imatinib resistance and show that shRNA library screens are useful to identify alternative pathways critical to drug resistance in CML.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Gene Library
- Humans
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate
- K562 Cells
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Mutation
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
- ran GTP-Binding Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- ran GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- Exportin 1 Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M Eiring
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Clinton C Mason
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kevin C Gantz
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Amber D Bowler
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Hannah M Redwine
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Fan Yu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ira L Kraft
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Anthony J Iovino
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - William L Heaton
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Srinivas K Tantravahi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas O'Hare
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li D, Dong Q, Tao Q, Gu J, Cui Y, Jiang X, Yuan J, Li W, Xu R, Jin Y, Li P, Weaver D, Ma Q, Liu X, Cao C. c-Abl Regulates Proteasome Abundance by Controlling the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Degradation of PSMA7 Subunit. Cell Rep 2015; 10:484-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
21
|
Physiologic hypoxia promotes maintenance of CML stem cells despite effective BCR-ABL1 inhibition. Blood 2014; 123:3316-26. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-511907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Hypoxia mediates TKI resistance. Hypoxia enhances CML stem cell maintenance.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a stem cell (SC) neoplasm characterized by the BCR/ABL1 oncogene. Although mechanisms of BCR/ABL1-induced transformation are well-defined, little is known about effector-molecules contributing to malignant expansion and the extramedullary spread of leukemic SC (LSC) in CML. We have identified the cytokine-targeting surface enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPPIV/CD26) as a novel, specific and pathogenetically relevant biomarker of CD34(+)/CD38(─) CML LSC. In functional assays, CD26 was identified as target enzyme disrupting the SDF-1-CXCR4-axis by cleaving SDF-1, a chemotaxin recruiting CXCR4(+) SC. CD26 was not detected on normal SC or LSC in other hematopoietic malignancies. Correspondingly, CD26(+) LSC decreased to low or undetectable levels during successful treatment with imatinib. CD26(+) CML LSC engrafted NOD-SCID-IL-2Rγ(-/-) (NSG) mice with BCR/ABL1(+) cells, whereas CD26(─) SC from the same patients produced multilineage BCR/ABL1(-) engraftment. Finally, targeting of CD26 by gliptins suppressed the expansion of BCR/ABL1(+) cells. Together, CD26 is a new biomarker and target of CML LSC. CD26 expression may explain the abnormal extramedullary spread of CML LSC, and inhibition of CD26 may revert abnormal LSC function and support curative treatment approaches in this malignancy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hsieh MY, Van Etten RA. IKK-dependent activation of NF-κB contributes to myeloid and lymphoid leukemogenesis by BCR-ABL1. Blood 2014; 123:2401-11. [PMID: 24464015 PMCID: PMC3983614 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-01-547943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The product of the Ph chromosome, the BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase activates diverse signaling pathways in leukemic cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Ph(+) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Previous studies showed that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is activated in BCR-ABL1-expressing cells, but the mechanism of activation and importance of NF-κB to the pathogenesis of BCR-ABL1-positive myeloid and lymphoid leukemias are unknown. Coexpression of BCR-ABL1 and a superrepressor mutant of inhibitory NF-κB α (IκBαSR) blocked nuclear p65/RelA expression and inhibited the proliferation of Ba/F3 cells and primary BCR-ABL1-transformed B lymphoblasts without affecting cell survival. In retroviral mouse models of CML and B-ALL, coexpression of IκBαSR attenuated leukemogenesis, prolonged survival, and reduced myeloid leukemic stem cells. Coexpression of dominant-negative mutants of IκB kinase α (IKKα)/IKK1 or IKKβ/IKK2 also inhibited lymphoid and myeloid leukemogenesis by BCR-ABL1. Blockade of NF-κB decreased expression of the NF-κB targets c-MYC and BCL-X and increased the sensitivity of BCR-ABL1-transformed lymphoblasts to ABL1 kinase inhibitors. These results demonstrate that NF-κB is activated through the canonical IKK pathway and plays distinct roles in the pathogenesis of myeloid and lymphoid leukemias induced by BCR-ABL1, validating NF-κB and IKKs as targets for therapy of Ph(+) leukemias.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Southern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation/physiology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Mice
- Microscopy, Confocal
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Ying Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Synergistic effects of proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in imatinib-sensitive and -resistant chronic myeloid leukemia models. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e90. [PMID: 24590311 PMCID: PMC3940921 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib has transformed the treatment and outlook of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); however, the development of drug resistance and the persistence of TKI-resistant stem cells remain obstacles to eradicating the disease. Inhibition of proteasome activity with bortezomib has been shown to effectively induce apoptosis in TKI-resistant cells. In this study, we show that exposure to the next generation proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib is associated with a decrease in ERK signaling and increased expression of Abelson interactor proteins 1 and 2 (ABI-1/2). We also investigate the effect of carfilzomib in models of imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML and demonstrate a potent reduction in proliferation and induction of apoptosis in a variety of models of imatinib-resistant CML, including primitive CML stem cells. Carfilzomib acts synergistically with the TKIs imatinib and nilotinib, even in imatinib-resistant cell lines. In addition, we found that the presence of immunoproteasome subunits is associated with an increased sensitivity to carfilzomib. The present findings provide a rational basis to examine the potential of carfilzomib in combination with TKIs as a potential therapy for CML, particularly in imatinib-resistant disease.
Collapse
|
25
|
Shi X, Chen X, Li X, Lan X, Zhao C, Liu S, Huang H, Liu N, Liao S, Song W, Zhou P, Wang S, Xu L, Wang X, Dou QP, Liu J. Gambogic acid induces apoptosis in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells via inducing proteasome inhibition and caspase-dependent Bcr-Abl downregulation. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:151-63. [PMID: 24334603 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by the constitutive activation of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Bcr-Abl-T315I is the predominant mutation that causes resistance to imatinib, cytotoxic drugs, and the second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The emergence of imatinib resistance in patients with CML leads to searching for novel approaches to the treatment of CML. Gambogic acid, a small molecule derived from Chinese herb gamboges, has been approved for phase II clinical trial for cancer therapy by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this study, we investigated the effect of gambogic acid on cell survival or apoptosis in CML cells bearing Bcr-Abl-T315I or wild-type Bcr-Abl. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CML cell lines (KBM5, KBM5-T315I, and K562), primary cells from patients with CML with clinical resistance to imatinib, and normal monocytes from healthy volunteers were treated with gambogic acid, imatinib, or their combination, followed by measuring the effects on cell growth, apoptosis, and signal pathways. The in vivo antitumor activity of gambogic acid and its combination with imatinib was also assessed with nude xenografts. RESULTS Gambogic acid induced apoptosis and cell proliferation inhibition in CML cells and inhibited the growth of imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl-T315I xenografts in nude mice. Our data suggest that GA-induced proteasome inhibition is required for caspase activation in both imatinib-resistant and -sensitive CML cells, and caspase activation is required for gambogic acid-induced Bcr-Abl downregulation and apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an alternative strategy to overcome imatinib resistance by enhancing Bcr-Abl downregulation with the medicinal compound gambogic acid, which may have great clinical significance in imatinib-resistant cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Shi
- Authors' Affiliations: Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong; Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota; and The Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Krause DS, Fulzele K, Catic A, Sun CC, Dombkowski D, Hurley MP, Lezeau S, Attar E, Wu JY, Lin HY, Divieti-Pajevic P, Hasserjian RP, Schipani E, Van Etten RA, Scadden DT. Differential regulation of myeloid leukemias by the bone marrow microenvironment. Nat Med 2013; 19:1513-7. [PMID: 24162813 PMCID: PMC3827980 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Like their normal hematopoietic stem cell counterparts, leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are presumed to reside in specific niches in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) and may be the cause of relapse following chemotherapy. Targeting the niche is a new strategy to eliminate persistent and drug-resistant LSCs. CD44 (refs. 3,4) and interleukin-6 (ref. 5) have been implicated previously in the LSC niche. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is released during bone remodeling and plays a part in maintenance of CML LSCs, but a role for TGF-β1 from the BMM has not been defined. Here, we show that alteration of the BMM by osteoblastic cell-specific activation of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor attenuates BCR-ABL1 oncogene-induced CML-like myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN) but enhances MLL-AF9 oncogene-induced AML in mouse transplantation models, possibly through opposing effects of increased TGF-β1 on the respective LSCs. PTH treatment caused a 15-fold decrease in LSCs in wild-type mice with CML-like MPN and reduced engraftment of immune-deficient mice with primary human CML cells. These results demonstrate that LSC niches in CML and AML are distinct and suggest that modulation of the BMM by PTH may be a feasible strategy to reduce LSCs, a prerequisite for the cure of CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Krause
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Keertik Fulzele
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Andre Catic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Chia Chi Sun
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - David Dombkowski
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Michael P. Hurley
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Sanon Lezeau
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Eyal Attar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Joy Y. Wu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Herbert Y. Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | | | | | | | | | - David T. Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Neviani P, Harb JG, Oaks JJ, Santhanam R, Walker CJ, Ellis JJ, Ferenchak G, Dorrance AM, Paisie CA, Eiring AM, Ma Y, Mao HC, Zhang B, Wunderlich M, May PC, Sun C, Saddoughi SA, Bielawski J, Blum W, Klisovic RB, Solt JA, Byrd JC, Volinia S, Cortes J, Huettner CS, Koschmieder S, Holyoake TL, Devine S, Caligiuri MA, Croce CM, Garzon R, Ogretmen B, Arlinghaus RB, Chen CS, Bittman R, Hokland P, Roy DC, Milojkovic D, Apperley J, Goldman JM, Reid A, Mulloy JC, Bhatia R, Marcucci G, Perrotti D. PP2A-activating drugs selectively eradicate TKI-resistant chronic myeloid leukemic stem cells. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4144-57. [PMID: 23999433 DOI: 10.1172/jci68951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) depends on the requirement for BCR-ABL1 kinase activity in CML progenitors. However, CML quiescent HSCs are TKI resistant and represent a BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent disease reservoir. Here we have shown that persistence of leukemic HSCs in BM requires inhibition of the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and expression--but not activity--of the BCR-ABL1 oncogene. Examination of HSCs from CML patients and healthy individuals revealed that PP2A activity was suppressed in CML compared with normal HSCs. TKI-resistant CML quiescent HSCs showed increased levels of BCR-ABL1, but very low kinase activity. BCR-ABL1 expression, but not kinase function, was required for recruitment of JAK2, activation of a JAK2/β-catenin survival/self-renewal pathway, and inhibition of PP2A. PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) markedly reduced survival and self-renewal of CML quiescent HSCs, but not normal quiescent HSCs, through BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent and PP2A-mediated inhibition of JAK2 and β-catenin. This led to suppression of human leukemic, but not normal, HSC/progenitor survival in BM xenografts and interference with long-term maintenance of BCR-ABL1-positive HSCs in serial transplantation assays. Targeting the JAK2/PP2A/β-catenin network in quiescent HSCs with PADs (e.g., FTY720) has the potential to treat TKI-refractory CML and relieve lifelong patient dependence on TKIs.
Collapse
|
28
|
Role of cysteine 288 in nucleophosmin cytoplasmic mutations: sensitization to toxicity induced by arsenic trioxide and bortezomib. Leukemia 2013; 27:1970-80. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
29
|
Bosman MCJ, Schuringa JJ, Quax WJ, Vellenga E. Bortezomib sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia CD34+ cells can be enhanced by targeting the persisting activity of NF-κB and the accumulation of MCL-1. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:530-538.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
Lansdell TA, Hurchla MA, Xiang J, Hovde S, Weilbaecher KN, Henry RW, Tepe JJ. Noncompetitive modulation of the proteasome by imidazoline scaffolds overcomes bortezomib resistance and delays MM tumor growth in vivo. ACS Chem Biol 2013. [PMID: 23198928 DOI: 10.1021/cb300568r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disorder of differentiated B-cells for which standard care involves the inhibition of the proteasome. All clinically used proteasome inhibitors, including the chemotherapeutic drug bortezomib, target the catalytic active sites of the proteasome and inhibit protein proteolysis by competing with substrate binding. However, nearly all (~97%) patients become intolerant or resistant to treatments within a few years, after which the average survival time is less than 1 year. We describe herein the inhibition of the human proteasome via a noncompetitive mechanism by the imidazoline scaffold, TCH-13. Consistent with a mechanism distinct from that of competitive inhibitors, TCH-013 acts additively with and overcomes resistance to bortezomib. Importantly, TCH-013 induces apoptosis in a panel of myeloma and leukemia cell lines, but in contrast, normal lymphocytes, primary bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC), and macrophages are resistant to its cytotoxic effects. TCH-013 was equally effective in blocking MM cell growth in co-cultures of MM cells with hBMSC isolated from CD138 negative bone marrow (BM) samples of MM patients. The cellular activity translated well in vivo where TCH-013 delayed tumor growth in an MM xenograft model to a similar extent as bortezomib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle A. Hurchla
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jingyu Xiang
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | | | - Katherine N. Weilbaecher
- Department of Medicine, Division
of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hupfeld T, Chapuy B, Schrader V, Beutler M, Veltkamp C, Koch R, Cameron S, Aung T, Haase D, Larosee P, Truemper L, Wulf GG. Tyrosinekinase inhibition facilitates cooperation of transcription factor SALL4 and ABC transporter A3 towards intrinsic CML cell drug resistance. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:204-13. [PMID: 23432194 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors reliably induce disease remission for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), unlimited extension of therapy is necessary to prevent relapse from persistent leukaemic cells. Here, we analysed model cell lines and primary CML cells for the expression and functions of the ABC transporter A3 (ABCA3) as well as the embryonic stem cell-associated transcription factor SALL4. ABCA3 protected leukaemic cells from the cytotoxic effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. In the surviving cells, exposure to tyrosine kinase inhibitors significantly enhanced ABCA3 expression in vivo and in vitro, and was associated with increased expression of SALL4, which binds the ABCA3 promoter. Inhibition of ABCA3 or SALL4 by genetic silencing or indomethacin, but not interferon gamma, interrupted SALL4-dependent regulation of ABCA3 and restored susceptibility of leukaemic cells to tyrosine kinase inhibition. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor exposure facilitates a protective loop of SALL4 and ABCA3 cooperation in persistent leukaemic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Hupfeld
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of BCR-ABL have turned chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) from a deadly disease into a chronic ailment. Unfortunately, evidence is accumulating that TKIs are not curative, since CML stem cells are not addicted to BCR-ABL, and persist despite TKI therapy. On closer view this is not surprising, as it reflects fundamental principles of CML pathogenesis. Strategies to eradicate CML stem cells will most likely be based on synthetic lethality though parallel inhibition of BCR-ABL and other critical pathways.
Collapse
|
33
|
Perrotti D. Where are we going with CML research? Leuk Suppl 2012; 1:S51-3. [PMID: 27175251 DOI: 10.1038/leusup.2012.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI; that is, imatinib, dasatinib and nilotinib) as front-line therapy completely changed the course of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) to the point that most of the TKI-responsive newly diagnosed CML patients can be considered 'clinically' cured and their progression into blast crisis (BC) a rare event. However, a therapy for those patients who transform is still lacking, and TKIs do not eradicate CML at the stem cell level, therefore leaving a reservoir of cancer stem cells in a dormant stage. Thus, it is not surprising that the focus of CML research has shifted significantly toward the dissection of the mechanisms regulating the survival and self-renewal of TKI-resistant Philadelphia-positive leukemic chronic phase and BC stem cells, with the ultimate goal of developing small molecules capable of selectively killing leukemic but not normal hematopoietic stem cells, thereby achieving a 'biological' cure for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Perrotti
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
O'Hare T, Zabriskie MS, Eiring AM, Deininger MW. Pushing the limits of targeted therapy in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer 2012; 12:513-26. [PMID: 22825216 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy targeting the BCR-ABL1 kinase is effective against chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), but is not curative for most patients. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is thought to reside in TKI-insensitive leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) that are not fully addicted to BCR-ABL1. Recent conceptual advances in both CML biology and therapeutic intervention have increased the potential for the elimination of CML cells, including LSCs, through simultaneous inhibition of BCR-ABL1 and other newly identified, crucial targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O'Hare
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
The Blk pathway functions as a tumor suppressor in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Nat Genet 2012; 44:861-71. [PMID: 22797726 PMCID: PMC3408839 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A therapeutic strategy for treating cancer is to target and eradicate cancer stem cells (CSCs) without harming their normal stem cell counterparts. The success of this approach relies on identification of molecular pathways that selectively regulate CSC function. Using BCR-ABL-induced chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a disease model for CSCs, we show that BCR-ABL down-regulates the B lymphoid kinase (Blk) gene through c-Myc in leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in CML mice and that Blk functions as a tumor suppressor in LSCs but does not affect normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or hematopoiesis. Blk suppresses LSC function through a pathway involving an upstream regulator, Pax5, and a downstream effector, p27. Inhibition of this Blk pathway accelerates CML development, whereas increased activity of the Blk pathway delays CML development. Blk also suppresses human CML stem cells. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of selectively targeting LSCs, an approach that should be applicable to other cancers.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gallipoli P, Abraham SA, Holyoake TL. Hurdles toward a cure for CML: the CML stem cell. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2011; 25:951-66, v. [PMID: 22054728 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the first cancer in which a genetic alteration was proven to be of pathogenic significance and is considered a disease model for oncogene addiction, targeted therapy, and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resulted in dramatic improvement in response and survival for patients with CML in chronic phase (CP); however, CSCs are spared by TKIs. In this article, we review the role of CSCs in CML in CP, their persistence following TKI treatment, and current approaches to target this population in an attempt to achieve disease cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gallipoli
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Cancer Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Persistence of leukemia stem cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in prolonged remission with imatinib treatment. Blood 2011; 118:5565-72. [PMID: 21931114 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-327437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate treatment markedly reduces the burden of leukemia cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. However, patients remain at risk for relapse on discontinuing treatment. We have previously shown that residual BCR-ABL(+) progenitors can be detected in CML patients within the first 2 years of imatinib treatment. However, reduced rates of relapse and continued decline of BCR-ABL levels with prolonged treatment, together with the ability of selected patients to maintain remission after discontinuing treatment, led us to investigate whether prolonged imatinib exposure resulted in reduction or elimination of BCR-ABL(+) stem cells. We evaluated BCR-ABL expression in CD34(+)CD38(+) (38(+)) committed progenitors and CD34(+)CD38(-) (38(-)) stem/primitive progenitor cells in samples from CML patients on imatinib treatment for at least 4 years with cytogenetic and molecular response. High levels of BCR-ABL expression were maintained over time in the 38(-) stem cell fraction. The absolute frequency of BCR-ABL(+) cells as determined by limiting dilution analysis was consistently higher in 38(-) compared with 38(+) cells. Transplantation into NOD/SCID-IL2Rγ-chain knockout mice demonstrated that BCR-ABL(+) cells had long-term in vivo repopulating capacity. These results directly demonstrate that BCR-ABL(+) stem cells persist in CML patients despite prolonged treatment with imatinib, and support ongoing efforts to target this population.
Collapse
|
38
|
Santos FPS, Kantarjian H, McConkey D, O'Brien S, Faderl S, Borthakur G, Ferrajoli A, Wright J, Cortes J. Pilot study of bortezomib for patients with imatinib-refractory chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic or accelerated phase. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2011; 11:355-60. [PMID: 21816374 PMCID: PMC4405186 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteasome inhibitors are anticancer compounds that disrupt the proteolytic activity of the proteasome and lead to tumor cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that is currently approved for use in multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle-cell lymphoma. It induces apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells in vitro, but the activity of bortezomib in patients with imatinib-resistant CML is unknown. METHODS We conducted a pilot trial to evaluate the activity of single-agent bortezomib in CML. Seven patients with imatinib-refractory CML were treated with bortezomib at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 every 3 weeks. RESULTS The median number of cycles received was 2. No patient had a hematologic or cytogenetic response. Three patients had a temporary decrease in basophil counts associated with therapy with bortezomib. Six patients experienced grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicities. CONCLUSION Bortezomib had minimal efficacy and considerable toxicity in patients with imatinib-refractory CML. Further studies should focus on alternative approaches to using proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of CML, such as in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or as a strategy to eradicate leukemic stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio P S Santos
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas - M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas - M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David McConkey
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas – M.D. Anderson Cancer, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas - M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stefan Faderl
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas - M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas - M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas - M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Wright
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jorge Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas - M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Donato NJ, Peterson LF. Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells and developing therapies. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52 Suppl 1:60-80. [PMID: 21299460 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.546921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia therapy has remarkably improved with the use of frontline BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors such that newly diagnosed patients have minimal disease manifestations or progression. Effective control of disease may also set the stage for eventual 'cure' of this leukemia. However, the existence of Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemic cells that are unaffected by BCR-ABL inhibition represents a major barrier that may delay or prevent curative therapy with the current approaches. The most commonly reported mechanism of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor-based therapies involves BCR-ABL gene mutations and amplification, but these changes may not be solely responsible for disease relapse when inhibitor-based therapies are curtailed. Therefore new targets may need to be defined before significant advancement in curative therapies is possible. Emerging evidence suggests that persistence of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells or acquisition of stem cell-like characteristics prevents complete elimination of chronic myeloid leukemia by tyrosine kinase inhibition alone. This review focuses on several recently emerging concepts regarding the existence and characteristics of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Definitions based on human primary cells and animal model studies are highlighted as are the potential signaling pathways associated with disease repopulating cells. Finally, several recently defined therapeutic targets and active compounds that have emerged from stem cell studies are described. Our goal is to provide an unbiased report on the current state of discovery within the chronic myeloid leukemia stem cell field and to orient the reader to emerging therapeutic targets and strategies that may lead to elimination of this leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Donato
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Omacetaxine may have a role in chronic myeloid leukaemia eradication through downregulation of Mcl-1 and induction of apoptosis in stem/progenitor cells. Leukemia 2011; 25:985-94. [PMID: 21468038 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is maintained by a rare population of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-insensitive malignant stem cells. Our long-term aim is to find a BcrAbl-independent drug that can be combined with a TKI to improve overall disease response in chronic-phase CML. Omacetaxine mepesuccinate, a first in class cetaxine, has been evaluated by clinical trials in TKI-insensitive/resistant CML. Omacetaxine inhibits synthesis of anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family, including (myeloid cell leukaemia) Mcl-1, leading to cell death. Omacetaxine effectively induced apoptosis in primary CML stem cells (CD34(+)38(lo)) by downregulation of Mcl-1 protein. In contrast to our previous findings with TKIs, omacetaxine did not accumulate undivided cells in vitro. Furthermore, the functionality of surviving stem cells following omacetaxine exposure was significantly reduced in a dose-dependant manner, as determined by colony forming cell and the more stringent long-term culture initiating cell colony assays. This stem cell-directed activity was not limited to CML stem cells as both normal and non-CML CD34(+) cells were sensitive to inhibition. Thus, although omacetaxine is not leukaemia stem cell specific, its ability to induce apoptosis of leukaemic stem cells distinguishes it from TKIs and creates the potential for a curative strategy for persistent disease.
Collapse
|
41
|
Tanturli M, Giuntoli S, Barbetti V, Rovida E, Dello Sbarba P. Hypoxia selects bortezomib-resistant stem cells of chronic myeloid leukemia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17008. [PMID: 21347297 PMCID: PMC3037943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that severe hypoxia inhibits growth of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) cells and selects stem cells where BCR/Ablprotein is suppressed, although mRNA is not, so that hypoxia-selected stem cells, while remaining leukemic, are independent of BCR/Abl signaling and thereby refractory to Imatinib-mesylate. The main target of this study was to address the effects of the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (BZ) on the maintenance of stem or progenitor cells in hypoxic primary cultures (LC1), by determining the capacity of LC1 cells to repopulate normoxic secondary cultures (LC2) and the kinetics of this repopulation. Unselected K562 cells from day-2 hypoxic LC1 repopulated LC2 with rapid, progenitor-type kinetics; this repopulation was suppressed by BZ addition to LC1 at time 0, but completely resistant to day-1 BZ, indicating that progenitors require some time to adapt to stand hypoxia. K562 cells selected in hypoxic day-7 LC1 repopulated LC2 with stem-type kinetics, which was largely resistant to BZ added at either time 0 or day 1, indicating that hypoxia-selectable stem cells are BZ-resistant per se, i.e. before their selection. Furthermore, these cells were completely resistant to day-6 BZ, i.e. after selection. On the other hand, hypoxia-selected stem cells from CD34-positive cells of blast-crisis CML patients appeared completely resistant to either time-0 or day-1 BZ. To exploit in vitro the capacity of CML cells to adapt to hypoxia enabled to detect a subset of BZ-resistant leukemia stem cells, a finding of particular relevance in light of the fact that our experimental system mimics the physiologically hypoxic environment of bone marrow niches where leukemia stem cells most likely home and sustain minimal residual disease in vivo. This suggests the use of BZ as an enhanced strategy to control CML. in particular to prevent relapse of disease, to be considered with caution and to need further deepening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tanturli
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Oncologia Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy
| | - Serena Giuntoli
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Oncologia Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy
| | - Valentina Barbetti
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Oncologia Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Oncologia Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy
| | - Persio Dello Sbarba
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Oncologia Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li QF, Yan J, Zhang K, Yang YF, Xiao FJ, Wu CT, Wang H, Wang LS. Bortezomib and sphingosine kinase inhibitor interact synergistically to induces apoptosis in BCR/ABl+ cells sensitive and resistant to STI571 through down-regulation Mcl-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 405:31-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
43
|
Van Etten RA, Koschmieder S, Delhommeau F, Perrotti D, Holyoake T, Pardanani A, Mesa R, Green T, Ibrahim AR, Mughal T, Gale RP, Goldman J. The Ph-positive and Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: some topical pre-clinical and clinical issues. Haematologica 2011; 96:590-601. [PMID: 21242185 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.035675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on topical issues in the biology and treatment of the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Studies in transgenic mice suggest that BCR-ABL1 reduces the fraction of self-renewing 'leukemic' stem cells in the bone marrow but that some of these cells survive treatment with imatinib. This also seems to operate in humans. Data from models also strongly support the notion that JAK2(V617F) can initiate and sustain MPNs in mice; relevance to disease in humans is less clear. These data also support the hypothesis that level of JAK2(V617F) expression influences the MPN phenotype: higher levels favor erythrocytosis whereas lower levels favor thrombocytosis. Although TET2-mutations were thought to precede JAK2(V617F) in some persons with MPNs, it now appears that TET2 mutations may occur after JAK2(V617F). Further understanding of signal-transduction pathways activated in chronic myeloid leukemia suggests various possible targets for new therapies including the WNT/beta catenin, notch and hedgehog pathways. Finally, the clinical role of the new JAK2- and BCR-ABL1-inhibitors is considered. Much further progress is likely in several of these areas soon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Van Etten
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Giuntoli S, Tanturli M, Di Gesualdo F, Barbetti V, Rovida E, Dello Sbarba P. Glucose availability in hypoxia regulates the selection of chronic myeloid leukemia progenitor subsets with different resistance to imatinib-mesylate. Haematologica 2010; 96:204-12. [PMID: 21071498 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.029082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incubation of chronic myeloid leukemia cells in hypoxia inhibits growth and selects BCR/Abl-independent cells with stem cell properties which are refractory to imatinib-mesylate. This study aimed to characterize the relationship of this refractoriness with glucose availability in the environment. DESIGN AND METHODS K562 or primary chronic myeloid leukemia cells were cultured at 0.1% O(2), different cell densities and glucose concentrations. The stem and progenitor cell potential of these cultures at different times of incubation in relation to BCR/Abl(protein) expression and sensitivity to imatinib-mesylate was explored by transferring cells to growth-permissive secondary cultures in normoxia, according to the Culture-Repopulating Ability assay methodology. RESULTS Hypoxia-resistant cells maintained BCR/Abl(protein) expression until glucose was no longer available in primary hypoxic cultures, where glucose availability appeared to regulate cell number and the balance between the enrichment of cells with kinetic properties typical of stem or progenitor cells. Cells surviving merely hypoxic conditions were, upon transfer to secondary cultures, immediately available for numerical expansion due to the maintained BCR/Abl(protein) expression, and were consequently sensitive to imatinib-mesylate. Instead, BCR/Abl(protein)-negative cells selected in primary cultures under oxygen/glucose shortage underwent a delayed numerical expansion in secondary cultures, which was completely refractory to imatinib-mesylate. Cells with the latter properties were also found in primary chronic myeloid leukemia explants. CONCLUSIONS Glucose shortage in hypoxia was shown to represent the condition selecting BCR/Abl(protein)-negative cells refractory to imatinib-mesylate from either chronic myeloid leukemia lines or patients. These cells, exhibiting stem cell properties in vitro, are metabolically suited to home to stem cell niches in vivo and so may represent the chronic myeloid leukemia cell subset responsible for minimal residual disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Giuntoli
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Oncologia Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Firenze and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, I-50134, Firenze, Italia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) arises as a consequence of a chromosomal translocation giving rise to the Philadelphia chromosome and Bcr-Abl oncogene. CML is a clonal disease of stem cell origin and an excellent example of a malignancy in which tumor-initiating cells may hold the key to disease eradication. The known molecular basis of CML has enabled the development of Abl-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib mesylate. However, the success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as rationally designed first-line therapies, has been tempered by problems of disease persistence and resistance. Residual disease has been shown to be enriched within the stem cell compartment and to persist at stable levels for up to 5 years of complete cytogenetic response. This finding has led to further searches for novel strategies aimed at eliminating these cells; such strategies may be essential in achieving cure. The most significant recent findings are discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen Y, Peng C, Sullivan C, Li D, Li S. Critical molecular pathways in cancer stem cells of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2010; 24:1545-54. [PMID: 20574455 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of BCR-ABL with kinase inhibitors in the treatment of Philadelphia-positive (Ph(+)) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is highly effective in controlling but not curing the disease. This is largely due to the inability of these kinase inhibitors to kill leukemia stem cells (LSCs) responsible for disease relapse. This stem cell resistance is not associated with the BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations resistant to kinase inhibitors. Development of curative therapies for CML requires the identification of crucial molecular pathways responsible for the survival and self-renewal of LSCs. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of these crucial molecular pathways in LSCs and the available therapeutic strategies for targeting these stem cells in CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Albero MP, Vaquer JM, Andreu EJ, Villanueva JJ, Franch L, Ivorra C, Poch E, Agirre X, Prosper F, Pérez-Roger I. Bortezomib decreases Rb phosphorylation and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in Imatinib-sensitive and -resistant Bcr-Abl1-expressing cells. Oncogene 2010; 29:3276-86. [PMID: 20305692 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of c-abl-specific inhibitors such as Imatinib (IM) or Dasatinib has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, a significant percentage of patients become resistant to IM. In this report, we have analyzed the possibility of using the proteasome as a molecular target in CML. Our results show that cells that express Bcr-Abl1 are more sensitive to the inhibition of the proteasome with Bortezomib (Btz) than control cells. This treatment reduces the proliferation of Bcr-Abl1-expressing cells, by inactivating NF-kappaB2 and decreasing the phosphorylation of Rb, eventually leading to an increase in caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that Btz also induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in cells expressing Bcr-Abl1 mutants that are resistant to IM. These results unravel a new molecular target of Btz, that is the Rb pathway, and open new possibilities in the treatment of CML especially for patients that become resistant to IM because of the presence of the T315I mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Albero
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, Moncada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|