1
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Liao JM, Hong ST, Wang YT, Cheng YA, Ho KW, Toh SI, Shih O, Jeng US, Lyu PC, Hu IC, Huang MY, Chang CY, Cheng TL. Integrating molecular dynamics simulation with small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering to unravel the flexibility, antigen-blocking, and protease-restoring functions in a hindrance-based pro-antibody. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5124. [PMID: 39145427 PMCID: PMC11325194 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Spatial hindrance-based pro-antibodies (pro-Abs) are engineered antibodies to reduce monoclonal antibodies' (mAbs) on-target toxicity using universal designed blocking segments that mask mAb antigen-binding sites through spatial hindrance. By linking through protease substrates and linkers, these blocking segments can be removed site-specifically. Although many types of blocking segments have been developed, such as coiled-coil and hinge-based Ab locks, the molecular structure of the pro-Ab, particularly the region showing how the blocking fragment blocks the mAb, has not been elucidated by X-ray crystallography or cryo-EM. To achieve maximal effect, a pro-Ab must have high antigen-blocking and protease-restoring efficiencies, but the unclear structure limits its further optimization. Here, we utilized molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the dynamic structures of a hinge-based Ab lock pro-Ab, pro-Nivolumab, and validated the simulated structures with small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS). The MD results were closely consistent with SWAXS data (χ2 best-fit = 1.845, χ2 allMD = 3.080). The further analysis shows a pronounced flexibility of the Ab lock (root-mean-square deviation = 10.90 Å), yet it still masks the important antigen-binding residues by 57.3%-88.4%, explaining its 250-folded antigen-blocking efficiency. The introduced protease accessible surface area method affirmed better protease efficiency for light chain (33.03 Å2) over heavy chain (5.06 Å2), which aligns with the experiments. Overall, we developed MD-SWAXS validation method to study the dynamics of flexible blocking segments and introduced methodologies to estimate their antigen-blocking and protease-restoring efficiencies, which would potentially be advancing the clinical applications of any spatial hindrance-based pro-Ab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Min Liao
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Hong
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Cheng
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Precisemab Biotech Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Ho
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ing Toh
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Orion Shih
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering &College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chiang Lyu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Hu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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2
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Deng M, Gui X, Kim J, Xie L, Chen W, Li Z, He L, Chen Y, Chen H, Luo W, Lu Z, Xie J, Churchill H, Xu Y, Zhou Z, Wu G, Yu C, John S, Hirayasu K, Nguyen N, Liu X, Huang F, Li L, Deng H, Tang H, Sadek AH, Zhang L, Huang T, Zou Y, Chen B, Zhu H, Arase H, Xia N, Jiang Y, Collins R, You MJ, Homsi J, Unni N, Lewis C, Chen GQ, Fu YX, Liao XC, An Z, Zheng J, Zhang N, Zhang CC. LILRB4 signalling in leukaemia cells mediates T cell suppression and tumour infiltration. Nature 2018; 562:605-609. [PMID: 30333625 PMCID: PMC6296374 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been successful in treating some types of cancer but has not shown clinical benefits for treating leukaemia1. This result suggests that leukaemia uses unique mechanisms to evade this therapy. Certain immune inhibitory receptors that are expressed by normal immune cells are also present on leukaemia cells. Whether these receptors can initiate immune-related primary signalling in tumour cells remains unknown. Here we use mouse models and human cells to show that LILRB4, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-containing receptor and a marker of monocytic leukaemia, supports tumour cell infiltration into tissues and suppresses T cell activity via a signalling pathway that involves APOE, LILRB4, SHP-2, uPAR and ARG1 in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells. Deletion of LILRB4 or the use of antibodies to block LILRB4 signalling impeded AML development. Thus, LILRB4 orchestrates tumour invasion pathways in monocytic leukaemia cells by creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. LILRB4 represents a compelling target for the treatment of monocytic AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Arginase/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Protein Binding
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/deficiency
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Escape/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaehyup Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weina Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zunling Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Taishan Immunology Program, Basic Medicine School, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Licai He
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medical and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Heyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weiguang Luo
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Taishan Immunology Program, Basic Medicine School, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hywyn Churchill
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yixiang Xu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guojin Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chenyi Yu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Samuel John
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kouyuki Hirayasu
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nam Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fangfang Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Leike Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Deng
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haidong Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ali H Sadek
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lingbo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Immune-Onc Therapeutics, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yizhou Zou
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Benjamin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and Laboratory of Immunochemistry, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ningshao Xia
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Youxing Jiang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jade Homsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nisha Unni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Junke Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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3
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Bhavsar C, Momin M, Khan T, Omri A. Targeting tumor microenvironment to curb chemoresistance via novel drug delivery strategies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:641-663. [PMID: 29301448 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1424825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor is a heterogeneous mass of malignant cells co-existing with non-malignant cells. This co-existence evolves from the initial developmental stages of the tumor and is one of the hallmarks of cancer providing a protumorigenic niche known as tumor microenvironment (TME). Proliferation, invasiveness, metastatic potential and maintenance of stemness through cross-talk between tumors and its stroma forms the basis of TME. AREAS COVERED The article highlights the developmental phases of a tumor from dysplasia to the formation of clinically detectable tumors. The authors discuss the mechanistic stages involved in the formation of TME and its contribution in tumor outgrowth and chemoresistance. The authors have reviewed various approaches for targeting TME and its hallmarks along with their advantages and pitfalls. The authors also highlight cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to chemotherapeutics and thus a primary reason for tumor recurrence thereby, posing a challenge for the oncologists. EXPERT OPINION Recent understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in acquired chemoresistance has enabled scientists to target the tumor niche and TME and modulate and/or disrupt this communication leading to the transformation from a tumor-supportive niche environment to a tumor-non-supporting environment and give synergistic results towards an effective management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Bhavsar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKMs Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , University of Mumbai , Mumbai , India
| | - Munira Momin
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKMs Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , University of Mumbai , Mumbai , India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- b Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKMs Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , University of Mumbai , Mumbai , India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- c The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Laurentian University , Sudbury , ON , Canada
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4
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Pyter LM, McKim DB, Husain Y, Calero H, Godbout JP, Sheridan JF, Marucha PT, Engeland CG. Effects of dermal wounding on distal primary tumor immunobiology in mice. J Surg Res 2018; 221:328-335. [PMID: 29229147 PMCID: PMC5788460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before primary oral tumors are treated, various prophylactic procedures that require tissue repair are often necessary (e.g. biopsies, tooth extractions, radiation, and tracheotomies). Wound healing and tumor growth harness similar immune/inflammatory mechanisms. Our previous work indicates that tumors impair wound healing, although the extent to which tissue repair conversely influences tumor growth is poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that dermal wound healing exacerbates primary tumor growth and influences tumor immunobiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female, immunocompetent mice were inoculated subcutaneously with murine oral cancer cells (AT-84) to induce flank tumors. Half of the mice received dermal excisional wounds (4 × 3.5 mm diameter) on their dorsum 16 days later, whereas the skin of controls remained intact. Tumor and blood tissues were harvested 1 and 5 days post wounding, and tumor myeloid cell populations and inflammatory gene expression were measured. Circulating myeloid cells, cytokines, and corticosterone were also quantified. RESULTS Wounding increased tumor mass, early tumor infiltration of macrophages, and tumor inflammatory gene expression. While wounding attenuated tumor growth-induced increases in circulating myeloid cells, no effects of wounding on circulating cytokine/endocrine measures were observed. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that modest skin immune/inflammatory processes can enhance distal tumor growth and alter innate tumor immunity. The implication for this work is that, in the presence of a tumor, the benefits of tissue-damaging procedures that occur clinically must be weighed against the potential consequences for tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Pyter
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Daniel B McKim
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yasmin Husain
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Humberto Calero
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John F Sheridan
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Phillip T Marucha
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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5
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Kumar S, Cruz E, Joshi S, Patel A, Jahan R, Batra SK, Jain M. Genetic variants of mucins: unexplored conundrum. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:671-679. [PMID: 27838635 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative gene splicing, occurring ubiquitously in multicellular organisms can produce several protein isoforms with putatively different functions. The enormously extended genomic structure of mucin genes characterized by the presence of multiple exons encoding various domains may result in functionally diverse repertoire of mucin proteins due to alternative splicing. Splice variants (Svs) and mutations in mucin genes have been observed in various cancers and shown to participate in cancer progression and metastasis. Although several mucin Svs have been identified, their potential functions remain largely unexplored with the exception of the Svs of MUC1 and MUC4. A few studies have examined the expression of MUC1 and MUC4 Svs in cancer and indicated their potential involvement in promoting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and inflammation. Herein we review the current understanding of mucin Svs in cancer and inflammation and discuss the potential impact of splicing in generating a functionally diverse repertoire of mucin gene products. We also performed mutational analysis of mucin genes across five major cancer types in International Cancer Genome Consortium database and found unequal mutational rates across the panel of cancer-associated mucins. Although the functional role of mucins in the pathobiology of various malignancies and their utility as diagnostic and therapeutic targets remain undisputed, these attributes need to be reevaluated in light of the potentially unique functions of disease-specific genetic variants of mucins. Thus, the expressional and functional characterization of the genetic variants of mucins may provide avenues to fully exploit their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Eric Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Asish Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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6
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Ilkovitch D, Ferris LK. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are elevated in patients with psoriasis and produce various molecules. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3935-40. [PMID: 27574042 PMCID: PMC5042763 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a debilitating chronic inflammatory disease. In addition to the characteristic effects on the skin, chronic inflammation associated with the disease is recognized to contribute to cardiovascular, hepatic and renal comorbidities. Immature myeloid regulatory cells, known as myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), have been demonstrated to accumulate in various diseases and chronic inflammatory states, including inflammatory bowel disease and various types of cancer. The results of the present study, obtained using flow cytometry and cell culture analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from psoriasis and healthy patients, revealed that MDSC levels are significantly increased in the blood of patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, these cells are capable of producing various molecules, including matrix metalloproteinase‑9 and‑1, interleukin‑8, growth‑related oncogene, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. These molecules may recruit additional immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, and contribute to the chronic inflammatory state in these patients. Therefore, MDSCs, which have various immune regulatory functions, may contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis as a systemic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ilkovitch
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA
| | - Laura K Ferris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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7
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Apostolopoulos V, Stojanovska L, Gargosky SE. MUC1 (CD227): a multi-tasked molecule. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4475-500. [PMID: 26294353 PMCID: PMC11113675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1 [CD227]) is a high-molecular weight (>400 kDa), type I membrane-tethered glycoprotein that is expressed on epithelial cells and extends far above the glycocalyx. MUC1 is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in adenocarcinomas and in hematological malignancies. As a result, MUC1 has been a target for tumor immunotherapeutic studies in mice and in humans. MUC1 has been shown to have anti-adhesive and immunosuppressive properties, protects against infections, and is involved in the oncogenic process as well as in cell signaling. In addition, MUC1 plays a key role in the reproductive tract, in the immune system (affecting dendritic cells, monocytes, T cells, and B cells), and in chronic inflammatory diseases. Evidence for all of these roles for MUC1 is discussed herein and demonstrates that MUC1 is truly a multitasked molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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8
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Tissue invasion and metastasis: Molecular, biological and clinical perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S244-S275. [PMID: 25865774 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a key health issue across the world, causing substantial patient morbidity and mortality. Patient prognosis is tightly linked with metastatic dissemination of the disease to distant sites, with metastatic diseases accounting for a vast percentage of cancer patient mortality. While advances in this area have been made, the process of cancer metastasis and the factors governing cancer spread and establishment at secondary locations is still poorly understood. The current article summarizes recent progress in this area of research, both in the understanding of the underlying biological processes and in the therapeutic strategies for the management of metastasis. This review lists the disruption of E-cadherin and tight junctions, key signaling pathways, including urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (PI3K/AKT), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), β-catenin/zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB-1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), together with inactivation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity as key targets and the use of phytochemicals, or natural products, such as those from Agaricus blazei, Albatrellus confluens, Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma lucidum, Poria cocos and Silybum marianum, together with diet derived fatty acids gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and inhibitory compounds as useful approaches to target tissue invasion and metastasis as well as other hallmark areas of cancer. Together, these strategies could represent new, inexpensive, low toxicity strategies to aid in the management of cancer metastasis as well as having holistic effects against other cancer hallmarks.
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9
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Hammerich L, Warzecha KT, Stefkova M, Bartneck M, Ohl K, Gassler N, Luedde T, Trautwein C, Tenbrock K, Tacke F. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element modulator alpha overexpression impairs function of hepatic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and aggravates immune-mediated hepatitis in mice. Hepatology 2015; 61:990-1002. [PMID: 25330465 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Molecular factors driving immune-mediated inflammation in the liver are incompletely understood. The transcription factor, cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element modulator alpha (CREMα) can endorse differentiation of T lymphocytes toward T-helper (Th)17 cells, thereby promoting autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus or lung inflammation. To investigate the role of CREMα in liver disease, we subjected transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing CREMα under control of the CD2 promoter (cremtg mice), which restrains expression mainly to lymphocytes (T, natural killer [NK], and NKT cells), to acute and chronic liver injury models. Already in steady state, Tg CREMα overexpression broadly reduced hepatic immune cell numbers by decreasing their viability, but did not affect immune cell migration or the fibrogenic response to chronic liver injury. Strikingly, cremtg mice developed more severe immune-mediated hepatitis with a higher mortality rate, compared to wild-type (wt) mice, upon concanavalin A (ConA) administration. Unlike in T cells from spleen, CREMα overexpression did not induce a predominant Th17 response in intrahepatic T cells, given that hepatic cremtg CD4+ T cells expressed less interleukin (IL)-17 than wt T cells. Reconstitution of Rag1-/- mice with Crem-/- T cells did not ameliorate ConA hepatitis. Overexpression of CREMα did not influence NK and NKT-cell effector functions either. Interestingly, a subset of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) also expressed CD2 and CREMα. Cremtg MDSCs isolated from liver expressed reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase and arginase 1 and displayed a reduced T-cell suppressive activity. The adoptive transfer of wt MDSCs was capable of reducing the fulminant immune-mediated liver damage in cremtg mice to wt level. CONCLUSION These results suggest compartmental differences of T cell activation pathways between liver and other organs in autoimmunity and define a functional role of CREMα in hepatic monocytic MDSCs for the pathogenesis of immune-mediated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hammerich
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH University-Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Torroella-Kouri M, Rodríguez D, Caso R. Alterations in macrophages and monocytes from tumor-bearing mice: evidence of local and systemic immune impairment. Immunol Res 2014; 57:86-98. [PMID: 24203436 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system involved in critical activities such as maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance. Pro-inflammatory macrophages M1 are responsible for the inflammatory response, while M2 macrophages are associated with the immunosuppressive repair phase of tissue remodeling. Most cancers are associated with chronic inflammation, and a high number of macrophages in tumors have been associated with tumor progression. Much effort has been made in elucidating the mechanisms through which macrophages contribute to tumor development, yet much less is known about the initial mechanisms by which tumors modify macrophages. Our work has focused on identifying the mechanisms by which macrophages from tumor hosts are modified by tumors. We have shown that peritoneal macrophages are significantly altered in mice bearing advanced mammary tumors and are not M1 or M2 polarized, but express a mixture of both transcriptional programs. These macrophages are less differentiated and more prone to apoptosis, resulting in increased myelopoiesis as a compensation to regenerate macrophage progenitors in the marrow. Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are also neither M1 nor M2 cells and through a display of different mechanisms are even more impaired than their peripheral counterparts. Finally, systemic blood monocytes, precursors of tissue macrophages, are also altered in tumor bearers and show a mixed program of pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. We conclude that there is evidence for local and systemic immune impairment in tumor hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Torroella-Kouri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Rosentiel Medical School Building, Room 3123A, Miami, FL, 33136, USA,
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11
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Mechanisms of antitumor and immune-enhancing activities of MUC1/sec, a secreted form of mucin-1. Immunol Res 2014; 57:70-80. [PMID: 24222275 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a polymorphic type 1 transmembrane protein found on the apical surface of normal cells lining the lumen of ducts and glands. Mucins are thought to provide mucosal protection from environmental exposures and carcinogens. An altered form of the MUC1 glycoprotein, which is hypoglycosylated, is expressed in several types of human cancers. In our laboratory, we have found that transfection of a murine mammary tumor cell line with a human secreted isoform of MUC1 rendered these DA-3 cells (DA-3/sec) incapable of growing in intact BALB/c mice. In contrast, implantation of DA-3 cells transfected with the human transmembrane isoform of MUC1 (DA-3/TM), resulted in tumor formation and ultimately death of the animals, similar to the DA-3 parental line. Importantly, inoculation of the DA-3/sec cells in immunodeficient nude mice resulted in tumor formation, indicating that the MUC1/sec molecule's antitumor activity is immunologically controlled. In this review, we summarize the studies we have performed to elucidate possible mechanisms for the immune-mediated antitumor effect of MUC1/sec and/or a unique peptide present in this mucin. Understanding these mechanisms may provide new immunotherapeutic approaches that could be used to target different types of cancer.
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Kahkhaie KR, Moaven O, Abbaszadegan MR, Montazer M, Gholamin M. Specific MUC1 Splice Variants Are Correlated With Tumor Progression in Esophageal Cancer. World J Surg 2014; 38:2052-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-014-2523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Crook KR, Liu P. Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in autoimmune disease. World J Immunol 2014; 4:26-33. [PMID: 25621222 PMCID: PMC4302755 DOI: 10.5411/wji.v4.i1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent an important class of immunoregulatory cells that can be activated to suppress T cell functions. These MDSCs can inhibit T cell functions through cell surface interactions and the release of soluble mediators. MDSCs accumulate in the inflamed tissues and lymphoid organs of patients with autoimmune diseases. Much of our knowledge of MDSC function has come from studies involving cancer models, however many recent studies have helped to characterize MDSC involvement in autoimmune diseases. MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells with a number of different functions for the suppression of T cell responses. However, we have yet to fully understand their contributions to the development and regulation of autoimmune diseases. A number of studies have described beneficial functions of MDSCs during autoimmune diseases, and thus there appears to be a potential role for MDSCs in the treatment of these diseases. Nevertheless, many questions remain as to the activation, differentiation, and inhibitory functions of MDSCs. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of MDSC subsets and suppressive functions in tissue-specific autoimmune disorders. We also describe the potential of MDSC-based cell therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and note some of hurdles facing the implementation of this therapy.
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Song C, Yuan Y, Wang XM, Li D, Zhang GM, Huang B, Feng ZH. Passive transfer of tumour-derived MDSCs inhibits asthma-related airway inflammation. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:98-104. [PMID: 24313384 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous population including myeloid progenitor and immature myeloid cells, are known to inhibit T cell responses. The issue of whether tumour-derived MDSCs regulate the immune response in an asthma environment is currently unclear. Here, we have reported that tumour-derived MDSCs shift the balance back to normal in a Th2-dominant asthmatic environment. In an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse asthma model, injected tumour-derived MDSCs were recruited to the lungs of asthmatic mice by CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). MDSCs transferred into asthmatic mice via i.v. injection suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung, the Th2 cytokine, IL-4, concentration in bronchial lavage fluid and the serum level of OVA-specific IgE. Increased TGF-β1 production in the lung was detected after transfer of MDSCs. The inhibitory effects of MDSCs were reversed upon treatment with an anti-TGF-β1 antibody, suggesting dependence of these activities on TGF-β1. Our findings imply that tumour-derived MDSCs inhibit the Th2 cell-mediated response against allergen in a TGF-β1-dependent manner. Based on the collective results, we propose that asthma may be effectively targeted using a novel MDSC-based cell therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Song
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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15
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16
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Brandau S, Moses K, Lang S. The kinship of neutrophils and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: cousins, siblings or twins? Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 23:171-82. [PMID: 23459190 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils in the tumor host may promote tumor progression by enhancing angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) share many features with neutrophils. Classically, MDSC are viewed as and defined as immunosuppressive cells. In this article we summarize and critically review evidence for a role of MDSC in promoting angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis of solid tumors. We also attempt to provide a critical evaluation of the relationship between neutrophils and G-MDSC in the tumor host with a particular focus on human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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17
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Zheng D, Chen H, Bartee MY, Williams J, Davids JA, Lomas DA, McFadden G, Lucas AR. Myxomaviral Anti-Inflammatory Serpin Reduces Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:291-299. [PMID: 25798214 PMCID: PMC4367486 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the tumor microenvironment by inflammatory cells represents a newly recognized driving force in cancer with critical roles in tumor invasion, growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Increased thrombolytic cascade serine proteases, specifically urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor, correlate with inflammatory cell migration, pancreatic cancer growth, invasion and unfavorable outcomes. Inflammation in pancreatic cancer is linked with myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) activity and cancer progression. Myxomavirus is a complex DNA virus encoding highly potent immune modulators. Serp-1 and M-T7 are two such secreted anti-inflammatory myxomaviral proteins. Serp-1 inhibits uPA, plasmin and coagulation factor X while M-T7 inhibits C, CC, and CXC chemokines. We have explored the potential use of these viral proteins for treatment of a range of human cancer isolates engrafted in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Engrafted tumors were treated with either Serp-1, neuroserpin, a related mammalian serpin that inhibits thrombolytic proteases, or M-T7. Serp-1 and neuroserpin inhibited growth of the pancreatic cancer cell line Hs766t (P=0.03 and P=0.01, respectively) at 4 weeks after implantation. Serp-1 also inhibited growth of a second pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 in mice (P=0.02). Growth of the human breast cancer line MDA231 was not inhibited by Serp-1. M-T7, in contrast, did not alter growth of any of the cancer cell lines tested after implant into SCID mice. Serpin inhibition of pancreatic tumor growth was associated with a significant decrease in splenocyte MDSC counts by flow cytometry (P=0.009), without detected change in other splenocyte subpopulations. Serp-1 and NSP treatment also significantly reduced macrophage infiltration in tumors (P=0.001). In summary two anti-inflammatory serpins reduced inflammatory macrophage invasion and pancreatic tumor cell growth, suggesting potential therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mee Y Bartee
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Grant McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Kim YS, Kim YJ, Lee JM, Kim EK, Park YJ, Choe SK, Ko HJ, Kang CY. Functional Changes in Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) during Tumor Growth: FKBP51 Contributes to the Regulation of the Immunosuppressive Function of MDSCs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4226-34. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tadmor T, Attias D, Polliack A. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells--their role in haemato-oncological malignancies and other cancers and possible implications for therapy. Br J Haematol 2011; 153:557-67. [PMID: 21477210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells at different stages of maturation that play a role in cancer tolerance and function as an immune-suppressive cell subpopulation. They utilize different mechanisms to block both innate and adaptive arms of anti-tumour immunity, mostly through inhibition of T cell activation and expansion. Further advances in our understanding of this cell population in both murine models and humans has enabled more accurate characterization of their phenotype and the recognition of two major classes of MDSCs: granulocytic and monocytic. Recently, the mechanism of action and clinical importance of MDSCs has been more clearly defined and their interactions with cancer cells have been shown to be among the factors influencing tumour development and induction of tolerance. Most of the earlier studies were performed using murine models, but recent clinical investigations have shown their potential role in human cancers. Here, we review the origin of MDSCs, their mechanisms of action, the factors influencing their production and related signalling pathways. We focus on their role in human solid tumours and haemato-oncological malignancies, and relate to possible novel therapeutic approaches targeting MDSCs which could be considered together with other anticancer strategies in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Tadmor
- Haematology Unit, Bnai-Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel.
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20
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Abstract
The overexpression and aberrant glycosylation of MUC1 is associated with a wide variety of cancers, making it an ideal target for immunotherapeutic strategies. This review highlights the main avenues of research in this field, focusing on adenocarcinomas, from the preclinical to clinical; the problems and possible solutions associated with each approach; and speculates on the direction of MUC1 immunotherapeutic research over the next 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Beatson
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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21
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Abstract
The skin harbors a complex and unique immune system that protects against various pathologies, such as infection and cancer. Although many of the mechanisms of immune activation in the skin have been investigated, it is likewise important to uncover the immune-regulatory components that limit effective immunity or prevent autoimmunity. Several cell populations are involved in this immune-regulatory function, including CD4+ T cells that coexpress the transcription factor Foxp3, known as Tregs, and cells with immune-regulatory function known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). This review focuses on the role that immune-regulatory cells, such as MDSCs and Tregs, play in cutaneous pathology, such as malignancy, psoriasis, dermatitis, burn wounds, and transplantation. Although their depletion may serve to augment immunity, expansion of these cells may be used to suppress excessive immune reactions. These cells are attractive, therapeutic targets for various conditions and thus, deserve further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ilkovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, P.O. Box 016960 (R-138), Miami, FL 33101, USA.
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Fujimura T, Mahnke K, Enk AH. Myeloid derived suppressor cells and their role in tolerance induction in cancer. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 59:1-6. [PMID: 20570112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Voss strasse 11, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Müller I, Munder M, Kropf P, Hänsch GM. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and T lymphocytes: strange bedfellows or brothers in arms? Trends Immunol 2009; 30:522-30. [PMID: 19775938 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are linked invariably to the innate immune response, particularly to the defence against bacterial infection. T lymphocytes are studied mainly in virus infections, the defence against tumours, the development and progression of chronic inflammatory processes, in autoimmune phenomena and in materno-fetal tolerance. There is, however, increasing evidence for communication and interactions between PMN and T cells that we discuss here in the context of different physiological and pathological conditions, including acute and chronic inflammatory disease, defence against tumours, and maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Müller
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
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Hanson EM, Clements VK, Sinha P, Ilkovitch D, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells down-regulate L-selectin expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2009; 183:937-44. [PMID: 19553533 PMCID: PMC2800824 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective cell-mediated antitumor immunity requires the activation of tumor-reactive T cells and the trafficking of activated T cells to tumor sites. These processes involve the extravasation of lymphocytes from the blood and lymphatics, and their homing to lymph nodes and tumors. L-selectin (CD62L) is an important molecule in these processes. It directs naive lymphocytes to peripheral lymph nodes where they become activated and it traffics naive lymphocytes to inflammatory environments, such as tumors. Individuals with advanced cancer are immune suppressed due to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), a population of immature myeloid cells that accumulate to high levels in response to tumor-secreted and proinflammatory factors. We now demonstrate that the reduction in T cell levels of L-selectin that is commonly seen in individuals with cancer inversely correlates with MDSC levels. Three lines of evidence demonstrate that MDSC directly down-regulate L-selectin on naive T cells: 1) naive T cells cocultured with tumor-induced MDSC have reduced L-selectin; 2) T cells in tumor-free aged mice with elevated levels of MDSC have reduced L-selectin, and 3) peritoneal exudate T cells of tumor-free mice treated with plasminogen activator urokinase to elevate MDSC have reduced levels of L-selectin. MDSC are likely to down-regulate L-selectin through their plasma membrane expression of ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17), an enzyme that cleaves the ectodomain of L-selectin. Therefore, MDSC down-regulate L-selectin levels on naive T cells, decreasing their ability to home to sites where they would be activated. This is another mechanism by which MDSC inhibit antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Hanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250
| | - Virginia K. Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250
| | - Pratima Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250
| | - Dan Ilkovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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Ilkovitch D, Lopez DM. The liver is a site for tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation and immunosuppression. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5514-21. [PMID: 19549903 PMCID: PMC2706931 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced immunosuppression plays a key role in tumor evasion of the immune system. A key cell population recognized as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) contributes and helps orchestrate this immunosuppression. MDSC can interact with T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells to create an environment favorable for tumor progression. In various tumor models, their presence at high levels has been reported in the bone marrow, blood, spleen, and tumor. We report for the first time that MDSC accumulate and home to the liver in addition to the other organs. Liver MDSC suppress T cells and accumulate to levels comparable with splenic MDSC. Additionally, hematopoiesis in the liver contributes to the dramatic expansion of MDSC in this organ. Furthermore, MDSC in the liver interact with macrophages, also known as Kupffer cells, and cause their up-regulation of PD-L1, a negative T-cell costimulatory molecule. The liver is thus an organ in which MDSC accumulate and can contribute to immunosuppression directly and indirectly. MDSC play a role in various pathologic states in addition to cancer, and these results contribute to our understanding of their biology and interactions with immune-related cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ilkovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A
| | - Diana M. Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A
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Torroella-Kouri M, Silvera R, Rodriguez D, Caso R, Shatry A, Opiela S, Ilkovitch D, Schwendener RA, Iragavarapu-Charyulu V, Cardentey Y, Strbo N, Lopez DM. Identification of a Subpopulation of Macrophages in Mammary Tumor–Bearing Mice That Are Neither M1 nor M2 and Are Less Differentiated. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4800-9. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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