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Saini S, Gurung P. A comprehensive review of sensors of radiation-induced damage, radiation-induced proximal events, and cell death. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39425547 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Radiation, a universal component of Earth's environment, is categorized into non-ionizing and ionizing forms. While non-ionizing radiation is relatively harmless, ionizing radiation possesses sufficient energy to ionize atoms and disrupt DNA, leading to cell damage, mutation, cancer, and cell death. The extensive use of radionuclides and ionizing radiation in nuclear technology and medical applications has sparked global concern for their capacity to cause acute and chronic illnesses. Ionizing radiation induces DNA damage either directly through strand breaks and base change or indirectly by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) via radiolysis of water. This damage triggers a complex cellular response involving recognition of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair mechanisms, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cell death. This review focuses on the mechanisms of radiation-induced cellular damage, recognition of DNA damage and subsequent activation of repair processes, and the critical role of the innate immune response in resolution of the injury. Emphasis is placed on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and related receptors that detect damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and initiate downstream signaling pathways. Radiation-induced cell death pathways are discussed in detail. Understanding these processes is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of radiation and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Saini
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Prajwal Gurung
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Center for Immunology and Immune Based Disease, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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2
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Zhang X, Qiao Z, Guan B, Wang F, Shen X, Shu H, Shan Y, Cong Y, Xing S, Yu Z. Fluacrypyrim Protects Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells against Irradiation via Apoptosis Prevention. Molecules 2024; 29:816. [PMID: 38398568 PMCID: PMC10893289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced hematopoietic injury has become a global concern in the past decade. The underlying cause of this condition is a compromised hematopoietic reserve, and this kind of hematopoietic injury could result in infection or bleeding, in addition to lethal mishaps. Therefore, developing an effective treatment for this condition is imperative. Fluacrypyrim (FAPM) is a recognized effective inhibitor of STAT3, which exhibits anti-inflammation and anti-tumor effects in hematopoietic disorders. In this context, the present study aimed to determine whether FAPM could serve as a curative agent in hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) after total body irradiation (TBI). The results revealed that the peritoneally injection of FAPM could effectively promote mice survival after lethal dose irradiation. In addition, promising recovery of peripheral blood, bone marrow (BM) cell counts, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) cellularity, BM colony-forming ability, and HSC reconstituting ability upon FAPM treatment after sublethal dose irradiation was noted. Furthermore, FAPM could reduce IR-induced apoptosis in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, FAPM could downregulate the expressions of p53-PUMA pathway target genes, such as Puma, Bax, and Noxa. These results suggested that FAPM played a protective role in IR-induced hematopoietic damage and that the possible underlying mechanism was the modulation of apoptotic activities in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zizhi Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bo Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Fangming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hui Shu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yajun Shan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuwen Cong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shuang Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zuyin Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Leem J, Lee C, Choi DY, Oh JS. Distinct characteristics of the DNA damage response in mammalian oocytes. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:319-328. [PMID: 38355825 PMCID: PMC10907590 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is a critical threat that poses significant challenges to all cells. To address this issue, cells have evolved a sophisticated molecular and cellular process known as the DNA damage response (DDR). Among the various cell types, mammalian oocytes, which remain dormant in the ovary for extended periods, are particularly susceptible to DNA damage. The occurrence of DNA damage in oocytes can result in genetic abnormalities, potentially leading to infertility, birth defects, and even abortion. Therefore, understanding how oocytes detect and repair DNA damage is of paramount importance in maintaining oocyte quality and preserving fertility. Although the fundamental concept of the DDR is conserved across various cell types, an emerging body of evidence reveals striking distinctions in the DDR between mammalian oocytes and somatic cells. In this review, we highlight the distinctive characteristics of the DDR in oocytes and discuss the clinical implications of DNA damage in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Leem
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Crystal Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Da Yi Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
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4
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Hasapis S, Caraballo I, Sears TJ, Brock KD, Cart JB, Moding EJ, Lee CL. Characterizing the role of Phlda3 in the development of acute toxicity and malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells induced by total-body irradiation in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12916. [PMID: 37558703 PMCID: PMC10412554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcriptional factor that plays a crucial role in controlling acute toxicity and long-term malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells induced by genotoxic stress such as ionizing radiation. Among all transcriptional targets of p53, one gene that is robustly induced by radiation is the pleckstrin homology domain-only protein Phlda3. However, the role that Phlda3 plays in regulating the response of hematopoietic cells to radiation is unknown. Here, using isogenic cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models, we showed that radiation induces Phlda3 in human leukemia cells and mouse normal hematopoietic cells in a p53-dependent manner. However, deletion of the Phlda3 gene did not ameliorate radiation-induced acute hematologic toxicity. In addition, distinct from mice that lose p53, loss of Phlda3 did not alter the latency and incidence of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma in mice. Remarkably, whole-exome sequencing data showed that lymphomas in irradiated Phlda3+/+ mice harbor a significantly higher number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels compared to lymphomas in irradiated Phlda3+/- and Phlda3-/- littermates. Together, our results indicate that although deletion of Phlda3 does not accelerate the development of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma, fewer SNVs and indels are necessary to initiate lymphomagenesis after radiation exposure when Phlda3 is silenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hasapis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Isibel Caraballo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Timothy J Sears
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5847, USA
| | - Kennedy D Brock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - John B Cart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Everett J Moding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5847, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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5
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Wu T, Pelus LM, Plett PA, Sampson CH, Chua HL, Fisher A, Feng H, Liu L, Li H, Ortiz M, Chittajallu S, Luo Q, Bhatwadekar AD, Meyer TB, Zhang X, Zhou D, Fischer KD, McKinzie DL, Miller SJ, Orschell CM. Further Characterization of Multi-Organ DEARE and Protection by 16,16 Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 in a Mouse Model of the Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome. Radiat Res 2023; 199:468-489. [PMID: 37014943 PMCID: PMC10278147 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00208.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Survivors of acute radiation exposure suffer from the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE), a chronic condition affecting multiple organs, including lung, kidney, heart, gastrointestinal tract, eyes, and brain, and often causing cancer. While effective medical countermeasures (MCM) for the hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) have been identified and approved by the FDA, development of MCM for DEARE has not yet been successful. We previously documented residual bone marrow damage (RBMD) and progressive renal and cardiovascular DEARE in murine survivors of H-ARS, and significant survival efficacy of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) given as a radioprotectant or radiomitigator for H-ARS. We now describe additional DEARE (physiological and neural function, progressive fur graying, ocular inflammation, and malignancy) developing after sub-threshold doses in our H-ARS model, and detailed analysis of the effects of dmPGE2 administered before (PGE-pre) or after (PGE-post) lethal total-body irradiation (TBI) on these DEARE. Administration of PGE-pre normalized the twofold reduction of white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes seen in vehicle-treated survivors (Veh), and increased the number of bone marrow (BM) cells, splenocytes, thymocytes, and phenotypically defined hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to levels equivalent to those in non-irradiated age-matched controls. PGE-pre significantly protected HPC colony formation ex vivo by >twofold, long term-HSC in vivo engraftment potential up to ninefold, and significantly blunted TBI-induced myeloid skewing. Secondary transplantation documented continued production of LT-HSC with normal lineage differentiation. PGE-pre reduced development of DEARE cardiovascular pathologies and renal damage; prevented coronary artery rarefication, blunted progressive loss of coronary artery endothelia, reduced inflammation and coronary early senescence, and blunted radiation-induced increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Ocular monocytes were significantly lower in PGE-pre mice, as was TBI-induced fur graying. Increased body weight and decreased frailty in male mice, and reduced incidence of thymic lymphoma were documented in PGE-pre mice. In assays measuring behavioral and cognitive functions, PGE-pre reduced anxiety in females, significantly blunted shock flinch response, and increased exploratory behavior in males. No effect of TBI was observed on memory in any group. PGE-post, despite significantly increasing 30-day survival in H-ARS and WBC and hematopoietic recovery, was not effective in reducing TBI-induced RBMD or any other DEARE. In summary, dmPGE2 administered as an H-ARS MCM before lethal TBI significantly increased 30-day survival and ameliorated RBMD and multi-organ and cognitive/behavioral DEARE to at least 12 months after TBI, whereas given after TBI, dmPGE2 enhances survival from H-ARS but has little impact on RBMD or other DEARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Louis M. Pelus
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - P. Artur Plett
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Carol H. Sampson
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Hui Lin Chua
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Alexa Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Hailin Feng
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Liqiong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Hongge Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Miguel Ortiz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Supriya Chittajallu
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Qianyi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Ashay D. Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Timothy B. Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Kathryn D. Fischer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - David L. McKinzie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Steven J. Miller
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Christie M. Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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6
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Ding T, Yu Y, Pan X, Chen H. Establishment of humanized mice and its application progress in cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:679-697. [PMID: 37096919 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current high prevalence of malignant tumors has attracted considerable attention, and treating advanced malignancies is becoming increasingly difficult. Although immunotherapy is a hopeful alternative, it is effective in only a few people. Thus, development of preclinical animal models is needed. Humanized xenotransplantation mouse models can help with selecting treatment protocols, evaluating curative effects and assessing prognosis. This review discusses the establishment of humanized mouse models and their application prospects in cancer immunotherapy to identify tailored therapies for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Pan
- Department of Vision Rehabilitation, Gansu Province Hospital Rehabilitation Center, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
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7
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Wu T, Orschell CM. The delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE): characteristics, mechanisms, animal models, and promising medical countermeasures. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1066-1079. [PMID: 36862990 PMCID: PMC10330482 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Terrorist use of nuclear weapons and radiation accidents put the human population at risk for exposure to life-threatening levels of radiation. Victims of lethal radiation exposure face potentially lethal acute injury, while survivors of the acute phase are plagued with chronic debilitating multi-organ injuries for years after exposure. Developing effective medical countermeasures (MCM) for the treatment of radiation exposure is an urgent need that relies heavily on studies conducted in reliable and well-characterized animal models according to the FDA Animal Rule. Although relevant animal models have been developed in several species and four MCM for treatment of the acute radiation syndrome are now FDA-approved, animal models for the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) have only recently been developed, and there are no licensed MCM for DEARE. Herein, we provide a review of the DEARE including key characteristics of the DEARE gleaned from human data as well as animal, mechanisms common to multi-organ DEARE, small and large animal models used to study the DEARE, and promising new or repurposed MCM under development for alleviation of the DEARE. CONCLUSIONS Intensification of research efforts and support focused on better understanding of mechanisms and natural history of DEARE are urgently needed. Such knowledge provides the necessary first steps toward the design and development of MCM that effectively alleviate the life-debilitating consequences of the DEARE for the benefit of humankind worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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8
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Hwang YJ, Shin DY, Kim MJ, Jang H, Kim S, Yang H, Jang WI, Park S, Shim S, Lee SB. StemRegenin 1 Mitigates Radiation-Mediated Hematopoietic Injury by Modulating Radioresponse of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030824. [PMID: 36979803 PMCID: PMC10045038 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic injury resulting from the damage of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) can be induced by either nuclear accident or radiotherapy. Radiomitigation of HSPCs is critical for the development of medical countermeasure agents. StemRegenin 1 (SR1) modulates the maintenance and function of HSPCs under non-stress conditions. However, the impact of SR1 in radiation-induced hematopoietic injury both in vivo and in vitro remains unknown. In this study, we found that treatment with SR1 after irradiation of C57BL/6 mice significantly mitigates TBI-induced death (80% of SR1-treated mice survival vs. 30% of saline-treated mice survival) with enhanced recovery of peripheral blood cell counts, with the density and cell proliferation of bone marrow components as observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Ki-67 staining. Interestingly, in vitro analysis of human HSPCs showed that SR1 enhanced the population of human HSPCs (CD34+) under both non-irradiating and irradiating conditions, and reduced radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Furthermore, SR1 attenuated the radiation-induced expression of a member of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family and activity of caspase-3. Overall, these results suggested that SR1 modulates the radioresponse of HSPCs and might provide a potential radiomitigator of hematopoietic injury, which contributes to increase the survival of patients upon irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Hwang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- Center for Medical Innovation of Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwon Yang
- Biohealth Convergence, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Il Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.B.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3399-5873 (S.S.); +82-2-3399-5874 (S.B.L.)
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.B.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3399-5873 (S.S.); +82-2-3399-5874 (S.B.L.)
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9
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Protection of the hematopoietic system against radiation-induced damage: drugs, mechanisms, and developments. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:558-571. [PMID: 35951164 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sometimes, people can be exposed to moderate or high doses of radiation accidentally or through the environment. Radiation can cause great harm to several systems within organisms, especially the hematopoietic system. Several types of drugs protect the hematopoietic system against radiation damage in different ways. They can be classified as "synthetic drugs" and "natural compounds." Their cellular mechanisms to protect organisms from radiation damage include free radical-scavenging, anti-oxidation, reducing genotoxicity and apoptosis, and alleviating suppression of the bone marrow. These topics have been reviewed to provide new ideas for the development and research of drugs alleviating radiation-induced damage to the hematopoietic system.
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10
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Liu L, Li H, Patterson AM, Plett PA, Sampson CH, Mohammad KS, Capitano ML, Singh P, Yao C, Orschell CM, Pelus LM. Upregulation of SIRT1 Contributes to dmPGE2-dependent Radioprotection of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1478-1494. [PMID: 35318613 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to potentially lethal high-dose ionizing radiation results in bone marrow suppression, known as the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS), which can lead to pancytopenia and possible death from hemorrhage or infection. Medical countermeasures to protect from or mitigate the effects of radiation exposure are an ongoing medical need. We recently reported that 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) given prior to lethal irradiation protects hematopoietic stem (HSCs) and progenitor (HPCs) cells and accelerates hematopoietic recovery by attenuating mitochondrial compromise, DNA damage, apoptosis, and senescence. However, molecular mechanisms responsible for the radioprotective effects of dmPGE2 on HSCs are not well understood. In this report, we identify a crucial role for the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) downstream of PKA and CREB in dmPGE2-dependent radioprotection of hematopoietic cells. We found that dmPGE2 increases Sirt1 expression and activity in hematopoietic cells including HSCs and pharmacologic and genetic suppression of Sirt1 attenuates the radioprotective effects of dmPGE2 on HSC and HPC function and its ability to reduce DNA damage, apoptosis, and senescence and stimulate autophagy in HSCs. DmPGE2-mediated enhancement of Sirt1 activity in irradiated mice is accompanied by epigenetic downregulation of p53 activation and inhibition of H3K9 and H4K16 acetylation at the promoters of the genes involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, and autophagy, including p53, Ku70, Ku80, LC3b, ATG7, and NF-κB. These studies expand our understanding of intracellular events that are induced by IR but prevented/attenuated by dmPGE2 and suggest that modulation of Sirt1 activity may facilitate hematopoietic recovery following hematopoietic stress. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hongge Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Andrea M Patterson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - P Artur Plett
- Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Carol H Sampson
- Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Chonghua Yao
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.274, middle Zhijiang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Louis M Pelus
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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11
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Urabe M, Hikita H, Saito Y, Kudo S, Fukumoto K, Mizutani N, Myojin Y, Doi A, Sato K, Sakane S, Makino Y, Kodama T, Sakamori R, Tatsumi T, Takehara T. Activation of p53 After Irradiation Impairs the Regenerative Capacity of the Mouse Liver. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:411-422. [PMID: 34585534 PMCID: PMC8793995 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the treatment methods for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, radiation tolerance of the liver is low, and the detailed effect of radiation on liver regeneration has not been clarified. C57BL/6J mice or hepatocyte-specific p53 knockout (KO) mice (albumin [Alb]-Cre Trp53flox/flox ) were irradiated with a single fraction of 10 Gy localized to the upper abdomen. We performed 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) 24 hours after irradiation. Liver regeneration was assessed by proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)- and Ki-67-positive hepatocyte ratios and liver-to-body weight ratio after PHx. To establish a fibrosis model, CCl4 was orally administered for 8 weeks. The murine hepatocyte cell line BNL CL.2 (CL2) was irradiated with 10 Gy. Irradiation activated p53, induced downstream p21 in the liver, and delayed liver regeneration after PHx. While PHx increased hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels and activated Met with or without irradiation in the regenerative liver, it activated Akt and extracellular kinase 1 and 2 (Erk 1/2) less in irradiated mice than in nonirradiated mice. In CL2 cells cultured with HGF, irradiation suppressed cell growth by decreasing phosphorylated Akt and Erk 1/2 levels, which was abolished by small interfering RNA-mediated p53 knockdown but not by p21 knockdown. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of p53 in mice abolished the irradiation-induced suppression of both liver regeneration and Akt and Erk 1/2 activation after PHx. In the fibrotic mouse model, the survival rate after PHx of irradiated p53 KO mice was higher than that of wild-type mice. Conclusion: p53 but not p21 is involved in the impaired regenerative ability of the irradiated liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Urabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshinobu Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
- Department of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Shinnosuke Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Kenji Fukumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Naoki Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yuta Myojin
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Akira Doi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Katsuhiko Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Sadatsugu Sakane
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yuki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
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12
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Kumar K, Datta K, Fornace AJ, Suman S. Total body proton and heavy-ion irradiation causes cellular senescence and promotes pro-osteoclastogenic activity in mouse bone marrow. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08691. [PMID: 35028468 PMCID: PMC8741516 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-LET photon radiation-induced persistent alterations in bone marrow (BM) cells are well documented in total-body irradiated (TBI) rodents and also among radiotherapy patients. However, the late effects of protons and high-LET heavy-ion radiation on BM cells and its implications in osteoclastogenesis are not fully understood. Therefore, C57BL6/J female mice (8 weeks; n = 10/group) were irradiated to sham, and 1 Gy of the proton (0.22 keV/μm), or high-LET 56Fe-ions (148 keV/μm) and at 60 d post-exposure, mice were sacrificed and femur sections were obtained for histological, cellular and molecular analysis. Cell proliferation (PCNA), cell death (active caspase-3), senescence (p16), osteoclast (RANK), osteoblast (OPG), osteoblast progenitor (c-Kit), and osteoclastogenesis-associated secretory factors (like RANKL) were assessed using immunostaining. While no change in cell proliferation and apoptosis between control and irradiated groups was noted, the number of BM megakaryocytes was significantly reduced in irradiated mice at 60 d post-exposure. A remarkable increase in p16 positive cells indicated a persistent increase in cell senescence, whereas increased RANKL/OPG ratio, reductions in the number of osteoblast progenitor cells, and osteocalcin provided clear evidence that exposure to both proton and 56Fe-ions promotes pro-osteoclastogenic activity in BM. Among irradiated groups, 56Fe-induced alterations in the BM cellularity and osteoclastogenesis were significantly greater than the protons that demonstrated a radiation quality-dependent effect. This study has implications in understanding the role of IR-induced late changes in the BM cells and its involvement in bone degeneration among deep-space astronauts, and also in patients undergoing proton or heavy-ion radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamendra Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Wang X, Liao W, Chen J, Wu Y, Liu C, Chen S, Xu Y, Wang S, Su Y, Du C, Wang J. Caffeic acid attenuates irradiation-induced hematopoietic stem cell apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondrial damage. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112934. [PMID: 34801561 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR) damage, and its injury is the primary cause of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic failure and even death after exposure to a certain dose of IR. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that mitochondrial oxidative damage, which is characterized by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overproduction, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, is rapidly induced in both human and mouse HSCs and directly accelerates HSC apoptosis after IR exposure. Mechanistically, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is induced by IR exposure and contributes to IR-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage through inducing lipid peroxidation. Intriguingly, a natural antioxidant, caffeic acid (CA), can attenuate IR-induced HSC apoptosis through suppressing 5-LOX-mediated mitochondrial oxidative damage, thus protecting against BM hematopoietic failure after IR exposure. These findings uncover a critical role for mitochondria in IR-induced HSC injury and highlight the therapeutic potential of CA in BM hematopoietic failure induced by IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weinian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yiding Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chaonan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Changhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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14
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Qi Y, Chen S, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Wang S, Chen N, Shen M, Chen F, Chen M, Quan Y, Yang L, Xu Y, Su Y, Hu M, Wang J. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic stem progenitor cell injury by regulating Foxo1 in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:144-156. [PMID: 34389464 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important contributor of the injury of hematopoietic system. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a new type of antioxidant, whereas whether it could ameliorate IR-induced hematopoietic injury remains unclear. Here, we show that GSPE treatment improves the survival of irradiated mice and alleviates IR-induced myelosuppression. Meanwhile, the hematopoietic reconstituting ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mice following irradiation exposure is significantly increased after GSPE treatment. Furthermore, GSPE treatment can reduce IR-induced ROS production and relieve DNA damage and apoptosis in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Interestingly, we find that a critical antioxidant-associated gene fokhead box transcription factor O1 (Foxo1) is significantly decreased in HSPCs after irradiation. Consistently, hematopoietic specific deletion of Foxo1 increases the radiosensitivity of mice. Further investigations reveal that GSPE treatment specifically upregulates the expression of Foxo1, as well as its target genes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase (CAT). Importantly, Foxo1 deficiency largely abolishes the radioprotection of GSPE on HSPCs. Collectively, our data demonstrate that GSPE plays an important role in ameliorating IR-induced HSPC injury via the Foxo1-mediated pathway. Therefore, GSPE may be used as a promising radioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yukai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Naicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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15
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Chen ACH, Peng Q, Fong SW, Lee KC, Yeung WSB, Lee YL. DNA Damage Response and Cell Cycle Regulation in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101548. [PMID: 34680943 PMCID: PMC8535646 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise in cell-based therapy because of their pluripotent property and the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from inner cell mass (ICM) possess unique cell cycle control with shortened G1 phase. In addition, ESCs have high expression of homologous recombination (HR)-related proteins, which repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) through HR or the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. On the other hand, the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forced expression of transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) is accompanied by oxidative stress and DNA damage. The DNA repair mechanism of DSBs is therefore critical in determining the genomic stability and efficiency of iPSCs generation. Maintaining genomic stability in PSCs plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and pluripotency of PSCs. In terms of therapeutic application, genomic stability is the key to reducing the risks of cancer development due to abnormal cell replication. Over the years, we and other groups have identified important regulators of DNA damage response in PSCs, including FOXM1, SIRT1 and PUMA. They function through transcription regulation of downstream targets (P53, CDK1) that are involved in cell cycle regulations. Here, we review the fundamental links between the PSC-specific HR process and DNA damage response, with a focus on the roles of FOXM1 and SIRT1 on maintaining genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chun Hang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (A.C.H.C.); (S.W.F.); (K.C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China;
| | - Qian Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China;
| | - Sze Wan Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (A.C.H.C.); (S.W.F.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Kai Chuen Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (A.C.H.C.); (S.W.F.); (K.C.L.)
| | - William Shu Biu Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (A.C.H.C.); (S.W.F.); (K.C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China;
- Correspondence: (W.S.B.Y.); (Y.L.L.)
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (A.C.H.C.); (S.W.F.); (K.C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China;
- Correspondence: (W.S.B.Y.); (Y.L.L.)
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16
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Checker R, Patwardhan RS, Jayakumar S, Maurya DK, Bandekar M, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Chemical and biological basis for development of novel radioprotective drugs for cancer therapy. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:595-625. [PMID: 34181503 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1876854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) causes chemical changes in biological systems through direct interaction with the macromolecules or by causing radiolysis of water. This property of IR is harnessed in the clinic for radiotherapy in almost 50% of cancers patients. Despite the advent of stereotactic radiotherapy instruments and other advancements in shielding techniques, the inadvertent deposition of radiation dose in the surrounding normal tissue can cause late effects of radiation injury in normal tissues. Radioprotectors, which are chemical or biological agents, can reduce or mitigate these toxic side-effects of radiotherapy in cancer patients and also during radiation accidents. The desired characteristics of an ideal radioprotector include low chemical toxicity, high risk to benefit ratio and specific protection of normal cells against the harmful effects of radiation without compromising the cytotoxic effects of IR on cancer cells. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major contributors of IR mediated toxicity, plethora of studies have highlighted the potential role of antioxidants to protect against IR induced damage. However, owing to the lack of any clinically approved radioprotector against whole body radiation, researchers have shifted the focus toward finding alternate targets that could be exploited for the development of novel agents. The present review provides a comprehensive insight in to the different strategies, encompassing prime molecular targets, which have been employed to develop radiation protectors/countermeasures. It is anticipated that understanding such factors will lead to the development of novel strategies for increasing the outcome of radiotherapy by minimizing normal tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sundarraj Jayakumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Mayuri Bandekar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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17
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Yang X, Cong T, He H, Wang J. GSDME maintains hematopoietic stem cells by balancing pyroptosis and apoptosis. BLOOD SCIENCE 2021; 3:40-47. [PMID: 35402833 PMCID: PMC8975053 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GSDME contains a pore-forming domain at its N-terminal region to execute pyroptosis. Our previous study has reported that forced expression of Gsdme impairs the reconstitution capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While, how GSDME-mediated pyroptosis regulates HSCs remains unknown. Here, we show that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are capable to undergo pyroptosis in response to cisplatin treatment and GSDME is one of the genes mediating such process. Gsdme -/- mice revealed no difference in the steady state of blood system while Gsdme -/- HSCs exhibited compromised reconstitution capacity due to increased apoptosis. Briefly, this study reveals that GSDME modulates HSC function by coordinating pyroptosis and apoptosis.
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18
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Dalle IA, Paranal R, Zarka J, Paul S, Sasaki K, Li W, Ning J, Short NJ, Ohanian M, Cortes JE, Jabbour EJ, Issa GC. Impact of luteinizing hormone suppression on hematopoietic recovery after intensive chemotherapy in patients with leukemia. Haematologica 2021; 106:1097-1105. [PMID: 33297667 PMCID: PMC8586820 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.256453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute leukemia with intensive chemotherapy leads to an increased risk of myelosuppression. Luteinizing hormone (LH) blockade improves hematopoietic recovery in mice after radiation or chemotherapy, through protection of the hematopoietic stem cells which express the LH receptor. We hypothesized that LH blockade improves hematopoietic recovery following intensive chemotherapy in patients with leukemia. We conducted a retrospective analysis on pre-menopausal women with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received intensive chemotherapy and leuprolide given for abnormal uterine bleeding prevention or treatment. Given that leuprolide is more commonly administered in younger patients, we performed propensity score matching between the leuprolide (AML n=64; ALL n=49) and control groups (AML n=128; ALL n=98 patients). Patients with AML who received leuprolide had an additional increase of 13.8x109/L/year in their platelet count, and a 0.19x 109/L/year increase in their lymphocyte count after chemotherapy compared to control (P=0.02; P=0.03 respectively). Those with ALL who received leuprolide had an additional increase of 0.37x109/L/year in their absolute neutrophil count (P=0.02). In AML, leuprolide was associated with higher long-term hemoglobin levels (P<0.001) and less blood transfusions (mean, 23.9 vs. 34.7 units; P=0.002) compared to control. In a multivariate analysis, leuprolide was identified as an independent factor predicting improved hemoglobin levels, lymphocyte and platelet counts in AML. In conclusion, leuprolide use in leukemia patients receiving intensive chemotherapy was associated with improved long-term blood count recovery and with decreased transfusion requirements in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Abou Dalle
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Division of Hematology and Oncology, American University of Beirut, Beirut
| | - Ronald Paranal
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - Jabra Zarka
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Shilpa Paul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Wen Li
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Nicholas J Short
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Maro Ohanian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | | | - Elias J Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Ghayas C Issa
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
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19
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PUMA facilitates EMI1-promoted cytoplasmic Rad51 ubiquitination and inhibits DNA repair in stem and progenitor cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:129. [PMID: 33785736 PMCID: PMC8009889 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genetic stability via proper DNA repair in stem and progenitor cells is essential for the tissue repair and regeneration, while preventing cell transformation after damage. Loss of PUMA dramatically increases the survival of mice after exposure to a lethal dose of ionizing radiation (IR), while without promoting tumorigenesis in the long-term survivors. This finding suggests that PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) may have a function other than regulates apoptosis. Here, we identify a novel role of PUMA in regulation of DNA repair in embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and immortalized hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) after IR. We found that PUMA-deficient PSCs and HPCs exhibited a significant higher double-strand break (DSB) DNA repair activity via Rad51-mediated homologous recombination (HR). This is because PUMA can be associated with early mitotic inhibitor 1 (EMI1) and Rad51 in the cytoplasm to facilitate EMI1-mediated cytoplasmic Rad51 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby inhibiting Rad51 nuclear translocation and HR DNA repair. Our data demonstrate that PUMA acts as a repressor for DSB DNA repair and thus offers a new rationale for therapeutic targeting of PUMA in regenerative cells in the context of DNA damage.
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p53 dynamics vary between tissues and are linked with radiation sensitivity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:898. [PMID: 33563973 PMCID: PMC7873198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation sensitivity varies greatly between tissues. The transcription factor p53 mediates the response to radiation; however, the abundance of p53 protein does not correlate well with the extent of radiosensitivity across tissues. Given recent studies showing that the temporal dynamics of p53 influence the fate of cultured cells in response to irradiation, we set out to determine the dynamic behavior of p53 and its impact on radiation sensitivity in vivo. We find that radiosensitive tissues show prolonged p53 signaling after radiation, while more resistant tissues show transient p53 activation. Sustaining p53 using a small molecule (NMI801) that inhibits Mdm2, a negative regulator of p53, reduced viability in cell culture and suppressed tumor growth. Our work proposes a mechanism for the control of radiation sensitivity and suggests tools to alter the dynamics of p53 to enhance tumor clearance. Similar approaches can be used to enhance killing of cancer cells or reduce toxicity in normal tissues following genotoxic therapies. p53 mediates the response to irradiation, however, tissues with similar levels of p53 have different radiation sensitivities. Here, the authors show that the in vivo p53 dynamics varies in these tissues after radiation, and the use of Mdm2 inhibitor to sustain p53 activity enhances radiosensitivity.
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21
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Yashavarddhan MH, Sharma AK, Chaudhary P, Bajaj S, Singh S, Shukla SK. Development of hematopoietic syndrome mice model for localized radiation exposure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:89. [PMID: 33420217 PMCID: PMC7794306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Current models to study the hematopoietic syndrome largely rely on the uniform whole-body exposures. However, in the radio-nuclear accidents or terrorist events, exposure can be non-uniform. The data available on the non-uniform exposures is limited. Thus, we have developed a mice model for studying the hematopoietic syndrome in the non-uniform or partial body exposure scenarios using the localized cobalt60 gamma radiation exposure. Femur region of Strain 'A' male mice was exposed to doses ranging from 7 to 20 Gy. The 30 day survival assay showed 19 Gy as LD100 and 17 Gy as LD50. We measured an array of cytokines and important stem cell markers such as IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-6, GM-CSF, TNF-α, G-CSF, IL-1α, IL-1β, CD 34 and Sca 1. We found significant changes in IL-6, GM-CSF, TNF-α, G-CSF, and IL-1β levels compared to untreated groups and amplified levels of CD 34 and Sca 1 positive population in the irradiated mice compared to the untreated controls. Overall, we have developed a mouse model of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome that might be useful for understanding of the non-uniform body exposure scenarios. This may also be helpful in the screening of drugs intended for individuals suffering from radiation induced hematopoietic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Yashavarddhan
- National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Sector-39, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sania Bajaj
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sukhvir Singh
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Shukla
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
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22
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Yuan S, Sun G, Zhang Y, Dong F, Cheng H, Cheng T. Understanding the "SMART" features of hematopoietic stem cells and beyond. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:2030-2044. [PMID: 34341896 PMCID: PMC8328818 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the huge success of bone marrow transplantation technology in clinical practice, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have become the gold standard for defining the properties of adult stem cells (ASCs). Here, we describe the "self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, apoptosis, rest, and trafficking" or "SMART" model, which has been developed based on data derived from studies of HSCs as the most well-characterized stem cell type. Given the potential therapeutic applications of ASCs, we delineate the key characteristics of HSCs using this model and speculate on the physiological relevance of stem cells identified in other tissues. Great strides are being made in understanding the biology of ASCs, and efforts are now underway to develop safe and effective ASC-based therapies in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Yuan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Guohuan Sun
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Fang Dong
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Hui Cheng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Tao Cheng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
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23
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Wang T, Xia C, Weng Q, Wang K, Dong Y, Hao S, Dong F, Liu X, Liu L, Geng Y, Guan Y, Du J, Cheng T, Cheng H, Wang J. Loss of <i>Nupr1</i> promotes engraftment by tuning the quiescence threshold of hematopoietic stem cell repository via regulating p53-checkpoint pathway. Haematologica 2020; 107:154-166. [PMID: 33299232 PMCID: PMC8719103 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.239186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are dominantly quiescent under homeostasis, which is a key mechanism of maintaining the HSC pool for life-long hematopoiesis. Dormant HSC are poised to be immediately activated in certain conditions and can return to quiescence after homeostasis has been regained. At present, the molecular networks of regulating the threshold of HSC dormancy, if existing, remain largely unknown. Here, we show that deletion of Nupr1, a gene preferentially expressed in HSC, activated quiescent HSC under homeostasis, which conferred a competitive engraftment advantage for these HSC without compromising their stemness or multi-lineage differentiation capacity in serial transplantation settings. Following an expansion protocol, the Nupr1-/- HSC proliferated more robustly than their wild-type counterparts in vitro. Nupr1 inhibits the expression of p53 and rescue of this inhibition offsets the engraftment advantage. Our data reveal a new role for Nupr1 as a regulator of HSC quiescence, which provides insights for accelerating the engraftment efficacy of HSC transplantation by targeting the HSC quiescence-controlling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou
| | - Chengxiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou
| | - Qitong Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology and National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin
| | - Kaitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou
| | - Yong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou
| | - Sha Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology and National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology and National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou
| | - Yang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou
| | - Yuxian Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology and National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology and National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin.
| | - Jinyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou.
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24
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Yan J, Yang S, Tian H, Zhang Y, Zhao H. Copanlisib promotes growth inhibition and apoptosis by modulating the AKT/FoxO3a/PUMA axis in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:943. [PMID: 33139695 PMCID: PMC7606528 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the type of cancer with the third highest incidence and is associated with high mortality and low 5-year survival rates. We observed that copanlisib, an inhibitor of PI3K (pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase) that preferentially inhibits PI3Kδ and PI3Kα, impedes the growth of CRC cells by inducing apoptosis via PUMA. There was a marked increase in the expression of PUMA independent of p53 after treatment with copanlisib. The response of CRC cells to copanlisib could be predicted by PUMA expression. Copanlisib was found to induce PUMA expression through FoxO3a by directly binding to the PUMA promoter after inhibiting AKT signaling. PUMA deficiency mitigated the apoptosis induced by copanlisib. Caspase activation and mitochondrial dysfunction led to copanlisib resistance, as observed through a clonogenic assay, whereas enhanced expression of PUMA increased the copanlisib-induced susceptibility to apoptosis. Moreover, the antitumor effects of copanlisib were suppressed by a deficiency of PUMA in a xenograft model, and caspase activation and reduced apoptosis were also observed in vivo. Copanlisib-mediated chemosensitization seemed to involve the concurrent induction of PUMA expression via mechanisms that were both dependent and independent of p53. These observations indicate that apoptosis mediated by PUMA is crucial for the anticancer effects of copanlisib and that manipulation of PUMA may aid in enhancing anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yan
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, The 4th People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shida Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of China Medical University (The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Tian
- Oncology Department, The 4th People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The 4th People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of China Medical University (The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province), Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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25
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Chinnadurai R, Forsberg MH, Kink JA, Hematti P, Capitini CM. Use of MSCs and MSC-educated macrophages to mitigate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2020; 6:77-85. [PMID: 32944493 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-020-00176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Innovative and minimally toxic treatment approaches are sorely needed for the prevention and treatment of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). Cell therapies have been increasingly studied for their potential use as countermeasures for accidental and intentional ionizing radiation exposures which can lead to fatal ARS. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a cell therapy that have shown promising results in preclinical studies of ARS, and are being developed in clinical trials specifically for H-ARS. MSCs, MSC-educated macrophages (MEMs) and MSC-exosome educated macrophages (EEMs) all have the potential to be used as adoptive cell therapies for H-ARS. Here we review how MSCs have been reported to mitigate inflammation from radiation injury while also stimulating hematopoiesis during ARS. Recent findings We discuss emerging work with immune cell subsets educated by MSCs, including MEMs and EEMs, in promoting hematopoiesis in xenogeneic models of ARS. We also discuss the first placental-derived MSC product to enter phase I trials, PLX-R18, and the challenges faced by bringing MSC and other cell therapies into the clinic for treating ARS. Summary Although MSCs, MEMs and EEMs are potential cell therapy candidates in promoting hematopoietic HRS, challenges persist in translational clinical development of these products to the clinic. Whether any of these cellular therapies will be sufficient as stand-alone therapies to mitigate H-ARS or if they will be a bridging therapy that insures survival until a curative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant can be performed are the key questions that will have to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA
| | - Matthew H Forsberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - John A Kink
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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26
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A Single Radioprotective Dose of Prostaglandin E 2 Blocks Irradiation-Induced Apoptotic Signaling and Early Cycling of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:358-373. [PMID: 32735825 PMCID: PMC7419738 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation exposure results in acute and delayed bone marrow suppression. Treatment of mice with 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) prior to lethal ionizing radiation (IR) facilitates survival, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study we show that dmPGE2 attenuates loss and enhances recovery of bone marrow cellularity, corresponding to a less severe hematopoietic stem cell nadir, and significantly preserves long-term repopulation capacity and progenitor cell function. Mechanistically, dmPGE2 suppressed hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation through 24 h post IR, which correlated with fewer DNA double-strand breaks and attenuation of apoptosis, mitochondrial compromise, oxidative stress, and senescence. RNA sequencing of HSCs at 1 h and 24 h post IR identified a predominant interference with IR-induced p53-downstream gene expression at 1 h, and confirmed the suppression of IR-induced cell-cycle genes at 24 h. These data identify mechanisms of dmPGE2 radioprotection and its potential role as a medical countermeasure against radiation exposure.
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27
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Fang T, Zhang Y, Chang VY, Roos M, Termini CM, Signaevskaia L, Quarmyne M, Lin PK, Pang A, Kan J, Yan X, Javier A, Pohl K, Zhao L, Scott P, Himburg HA, Chute JP. Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent DNA repair promotes murine and human hematopoietic regeneration. Blood 2020; 136:441-454. [PMID: 32369572 PMCID: PMC7378456 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and irradiation cause DNA damage to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), leading to HSC depletion and dysfunction and the risk of malignant transformation over time. Extrinsic regulation of HSC DNA repair is not well understood, and therapies to augment HSC DNA repair following myelosuppression remain undeveloped. We report that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates DNA repair in HSCs following irradiation via activation of the DNA-dependent protein kinase-catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). We show that hematopoietic regeneration in vivo following total body irradiation is dependent upon EGFR-mediated repair of DNA damage via activation of DNA-PKcs. Conditional deletion of EGFR in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) significantly decreased DNA-PKcs activity following irradiation, causing increased HSC DNA damage and depressed HSC recovery over time. Systemic administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) promoted HSC DNA repair and rapid hematologic recovery in chemotherapy-treated mice and had no effect on acute myeloid leukemia growth in vivo. Further, EGF treatment drove the recovery of human HSCs capable of multilineage in vivo repopulation following radiation injury. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed no increase in coding region mutations in HSPCs from EGF-treated mice, but increased intergenic copy number variant mutations were detected. These studies demonstrate that EGF promotes HSC DNA repair and hematopoietic regeneration in vivo via augmentation of NHEJ. EGF has therapeutic potential to promote human hematopoietic regeneration, and further studies are warranted to assess long-term hematopoietic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vivian Y Chang
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Martina Roos
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, and
| | | | | | | | - Paulina K Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Amara Pang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Jenny Kan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
| | - Anna Javier
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Liman Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Peter Scott
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - John P Chute
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, and
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28
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Peng R, Zhang W, Zuo Z, Shan Y, Liu X, Tang Y, Yu Z, Wang L, Cong Y. Dimethyl sulfoxide, a potent oral radioprotective agent, confers radioprotection of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells independent of apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:1-11. [PMID: 32222468 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In mass casualty events involving radiation exposure, there is a substantial unmet need for identifying and developing an orally bioavailable agent that can be used to protect the hematopoietic stem cell pool and regenerate hematopoiesis after radiation injury. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a free-radical scavenger, has shown therapeutic benefits in many preclinical and clinical studies. This study investigates the radioprotective effects of DMSO on oral administration. Single dose of oral DMSO administrated before irradiation conferred 100% survival of C57BL6/J mice receiving otherwise lethal as well as super-lethal radiation dose, with wide radioprotective time frame (from 15min to 4h). Oral DMSO not only protected radiation-induced acute hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) injury, but also ameliorated long-term BM suppression following irradiation in mice. Mechanistically, DMSO directly protected HSPC survival after irradiation in vitro and in vivo, whereas no radioprotective effect was seen in MLL-AF9-induced leukemia cells. Unexpectedly, DMSO treatment did not inhibit radiation-induced HSPC apoptosis, and the HSPC survival from Trp53-and PUMA-deficient mice after irradiation was also protected by DMSO. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the radioprotective efficacy of oral DMSO. Given its oral efficacy and little toxicity, DMSO is an attractive candidate for human use in a wide variety of settings, including nuclear accidents and medical radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing, PR China
| | - Zongchao Zuo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing, PR China
| | - Yajun Shan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing, PR China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing, PR China
| | - Zuyin Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing, PR China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yuwen Cong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing, PR China.
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29
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Feng X, Lu H, Yue J, Shettigar M, Liu J, Denzin LK, Shen Z. Deletion of Mouse Setd4 Promotes the Recovery of Hematopoietic Failure. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 107:779-792. [PMID: 32259569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acquired hematopoietic failure is commonly caused by therapeutic and accidental exposure of the bone marrow (BM) to toxic agents. Efficient recovery from BM failure is dictated not only by the intrinsic sensitivity and proliferation capacity of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells but also by the BM environment niche. Identification of genetic factors that improve recovery from hematopoietic failure is essential. Vertebrate SETD4 is a poorly characterized and putatively nonhistone methyltransferase. This study aims to identify the roles of SETD4 in BM recovery. METHODS AND MATERIALS An inducible SETD4 knockout mouse model (Setd4flox/flox;Rosa26-CreERT2+) was used. Adult sex-matched littermates were treated with tamoxifen to induce Setd4 deletion or oil as the control. Tamoxifen-treated Setd4wt/wt;Rosa26-CreERT2+ mice were included as another control. Those mice were irradiated to induce hematopoietic syndrome and analyzed to identify the roles and mechanisms of Setd4 in of BM recovery. RESULTS Loss of Setd4 in adult mice improved the survival of whole-body irradiation-induced BM failure. This was associated with improved recoveries of long-term and short-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and early progenitor cells. BM transplantation analyses surprisingly showed that the improved recovery was not due to radiation resistance of the Setd4-deficient HSCs but that Setd4-deficient HSCs were actually more sensitive to radiation. However, the Setd4-deficient mice were better recipients for allogeneic HSC transplantation. Furthermore, there was enhanced splenic erythropoiesis in Setd4-deficient mice. CONCLUSION These findings not only revealed a previously unrecognized role of Setd4 as a unique modulator of hematopoiesis but also underscored the critical role of the BM niche in recovery from hematopoietic failure. Our study also implicated Setd4 as a potential target for therapeutic inhibition to improve the conditioning of the BM niche before allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Huimei Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jingyin Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Megha Shettigar
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jingmei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Lisa K Denzin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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30
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Lu Y, Hu M, Zhang Z, Qi Y, Wang J. The regulation of hematopoietic stem cell fate in the context of radiation. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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31
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Bykov VN, Grebenyuk AN, Ushakov IB. The Use of Radioprotective Agents to Prevent Effects Associated with Aging. BIOL BULL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359019120021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Transient enhancement of p53 activity protects from radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17429-17437. [PMID: 31409715 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909550116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome is a serious side effect and dose-limiting toxicity observed in patients undergoing lower-abdominal radiotherapy. Previous mouse studies show that p53 gene dosage determines susceptibility to GI syndrome development. However, the translational relevance of p53 activity has not been addressed. Here, we used a knock-in mouse in which the p53-Mdm2 negative feedback loop is genetically disrupted. These mice retain biallelic p53 and thus, normal basal p53 levels and activity. However, due to the lack of p53-mediated Mdm2 transcription, irradiated Mdm2 P2/P2 mice exhibit enhanced acute p53 activity, which protects them from GI failure. Intestinal crypt cells residing in the +4 and higher positions exhibit decreased apoptosis, increased p21 expression, and hyperproliferation to reinstate intestinal integrity. Correspondingly, pharmacological augmentation of p53 activity in wild-type mice with an Mdm2 inhibitor protects against GI toxicity without affecting therapeutic outcome. Our results suggest that transient disruption of the p53-Mdm2 interaction to enhance p53 activity could be a viable prophylactic strategy for alleviating GI syndrome in patients undergoing radiotherapy.
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Liu F, Wang Z, Li W, Zhou L, Du Y, Zhang M, Wei Y. The mechanisms for the radioprotective effect of beta-d-glucan on high linear-energy-transfer carbon ion irradiated mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:282-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Epperly MW, Fisher R, Rigatti L, Watkins S, Zhang X, Hou W, Shields D, Franicola D, Bayir H, Wang H, Thermozier S, Henderson A, Donnelly C, Wipf P, Greenberger JS. Amelioration of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in SOD1 G93A Mice by M 2 Microglia from Transplanted Marrow. In Vivo 2019; 33:675-688. [PMID: 31028184 PMCID: PMC6559904 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim: The cause of fatal neuromuscular amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not known. Materials and Methods: Ninety-day-old superoxide-dismutase-1 G93A (SOD1 G93A ) mice demonstrating level 1 paralysis, received 9.0 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) from a cesium source at 340 cGy per minute, and intravenous transplantation with 1×10 6 C57BL/6 green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ donor bone marrow cells. Results: Paralysis-free survival was prolonged in TBI and bone marrow-transplanted SOD1 G93A mice from 100 to over 250 days (p=0.0018). Other mice transplanted with SOD1 G93A marrow or marrow treated with the free-radical scavenger MMS350 showed no therapeutic effect. GFP+ macrophage-2 (M2) microglial cells of bone marrow origin, were seen at sites of degenerating anterior horn motor neurons. SOD1 G93A mice had a disruption in the blood-brain barrier permeability which was reversed by marrow transplant from C57BL/6 mice. SOD1 G93A marrow showed unexpected robust hematopoiesis in vitro, and radioresistance. Conclusion: After TBI, M2 microglial cells from transplanted donor marrow extended the paralysis-free interval in SOD1 G93A mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Renee Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Lora Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources (DLAR), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Images, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Donna Shields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Darcy Franicola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Hulya Bayir
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Stephanie Thermozier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Andrew Henderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | | | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A.
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Huang P, Li X, Meng Y, Yuan B, Liu T, Jiao M, Wang X, Liu Y, Yin H. Interleukin-33 regulates hematopoietic stem cell regeneration after radiation injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:123. [PMID: 30999922 PMCID: PMC6471888 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IL-33 is a pleiotropic cytokine of the IL-1 family, which has been reported to implicate in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent studies suggest IL-33 is crucial for regulation of myelopoiesis and myeloid cell activity. Here, we explore the potential effect of IL-33 against hematopoietic injury after total body irradiation (TBI). Methods C57BL/6 mice were irradiated with a sublethal dose of radiation (600 cGy) and treated with IL-33 at a dose of 3 μg/dose i.p. once a day for seven consecutive days. H&E staining was used to determine the bone marrow cellularity. A flow cytometer was used to quantify the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The colony-forming assay was used to evaluate the clonogenic function of HSCs. RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of apoptosis-associated genes. Results Bone marrow HSCs from wild-type mice expressed functional IL-33 receptor (ST2), and treatment with IL-33 promoted the recovery of the HSC pool in vivo and improved the survival of mice after TBI. Conversely, mice with ST2 deficiency showed decreased HSC regeneration and mouse survival after TBI. Of note, IL-33 reduced radiation-induced apoptosis of HSCs and mediated this effect through repression of the p53-PUMA pathway. Conclusions IL-33 regulates HSC regeneration after myelosuppressive injury through protecting HSCs from apoptosis and enhancing proliferation of the surviving HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Baohong Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengya Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Zhao L, Liu S, Liang D, Jiang T, Yan X, Zhao S, Liu Y, Zhao W, Yu H. Resensitization of cisplatin resistance ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin through pretreatment with low-dose fraction radiation. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2442-2448. [PMID: 30941896 PMCID: PMC6536942 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cisplatin is the first‐line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. However, cisplatin resistance is severely affecting the treatment efficacy. FOXO3a has been reported to be involved in reversing chemotherapy resistance. However, whether low‐dose fraction radiation therapy (LDFRT) can reverse cisplatin resistance remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of LDFRT on cisplatin resistance and its relation with FOXO3a expression in vitro. Methods The toxicity of cisplatin on SKOV3/DDP cells was evaluated by CCK8 assay and cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V‐FITC staining as well as Hoechst33342 staining. The expression of FOXO3a and other relative proteins was measured by western blot. Results Our study found that LDFRT enhanced cisplatin‐induced apoptosis of SKOV3/DDP cells and promoted the expression of FOXO3a and pro‐apoptotic protein PUMA. In addition, overexpression of FOXO3a promoted PUMA activity and toxicity of cisplatin on SKOV3/DDP cells. Conclusion LDFRT reverses cisplatin resistance of SKOV3/DDP cells possibly by upregulating the expression of FOXO3a and its downstream target PUMA, suggesting that LDFRT might be a potent chemosensitizer for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shihai Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Donghai Liang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuanwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese medical hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongsheng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Abstract
Radiotherapy is used in >50% of patients with cancer, both for curative and palliative purposes. Radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation to target and kill tumour tissue, but normal tissue can also be damaged, leading to toxicity. Modern and precise radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, may prevent toxicity, but some patients still experience adverse effects. The physiopathology of toxicity is dependent on many parameters, such as the location of irradiation or the functional status of organs at risk. Knowledge of the mechanisms leads to a more rational approach for controlling radiotherapy toxicity, which may result in improved symptom control and quality of life for patients. This improved quality of life is particularly important in paediatric patients, who may live for many years with the long-term effects of radiotherapy. Notably, signs and symptoms occurring after radiotherapy may not be due to the treatment but to an exacerbation of existing conditions or to the development of new diseases. Although differential diagnosis may be difficult, it has important consequences for patients.
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Gault N, Verbiest T, Badie C, Romeo PH, Bouffler S. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell responses to low radiation doses - implications for leukemia risk. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:892-899. [PMID: 30652952 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1569777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the responses of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to low doses of ionizing radiation formed an important aspect of the RISK-IR project ( www.risk-ir.eu ). A brief overview of these studies is presented here. The findings confirm the sensitivity of HSPCs to radiation even at low doses, and illustrate the substantial impact that differentiation state has upon cell sensitivity. The work provides mechanistic support for epidemiological findings of leukemia risk at dose levels used in diagnostic CT imaging, and further suggests that low-dose irradiation may facilitate bone marrow transplantation, a finding that could lead to refinements in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gault
- a CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,b Inserm U967 , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,c CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Diderot , Paris , France.,d CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Sud , Paris , France
| | - Tom Verbiest
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Paul-Henri Romeo
- a CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,b Inserm U967 , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,c CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Diderot , Paris , France.,d CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Sud , Paris , France
| | - Simon Bouffler
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
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Karatepe K, Zhu H, Zhang X, Guo R, Kambara H, Loison F, Liu P, Yu H, Ren Q, Luo X, Manis J, Cheng T, Ma F, Xu Y, Luo HR. Proteinase 3 Limits the Number of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Murine Bone Marrow. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1092-1105. [PMID: 30392974 PMCID: PMC6235012 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) undergo self-renewal and differentiation to guarantee a constant supply of short-lived blood cells. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors determine HSPC fate, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that Proteinase 3 (PR3), a serine protease mainly confined to granulocytes, is also expressed in HSPCs. PR3 deficiency intrinsically suppressed cleavage and activation of caspase-3, leading to expansion of the bone marrow (BM) HSPC population due to decreased apoptosis. PR3-deficient HSPCs outcompete the long-term reconstitution potential of wild-type counterparts. Collectively, our results establish PR3 as a physiological regulator of HSPC numbers. PR3 inhibition is a potential therapeutic target to accelerate and increase the efficiency of BM reconstitution during transplantation. Proteinase 3 (PR3) is expressed in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) Deficiency of PR3 leads to expansion of HSPCs in murine bone marrow PR3 regulates spontaneous HSPC apoptosis by cleaving and activating caspase-3
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutay Karatepe
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rongxia Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hiroto Kambara
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fabien Loison
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - Qian Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Manis
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Fengxia Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuanfu Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Liu F, Wang Z, Liu J, Li W. Radioprotective effect of orally administered beta-d-glucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:572-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Effect of TP53 contact and conformational mutations on cell survival and erythropoiesis of human hematopoietic stem cells in a long term culture model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29869-29876. [PMID: 30042819 PMCID: PMC6057451 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 deficiencies characterize myeloid malignancies with a dismal prognosis. To unravel the pathomechanism of TP53 mutations in the development of myeloid malignancies, we analyzed the functional properties of TP53 conformational and contact mutations and TP53 loss in human CD34+ cells. We show for the first time that the analyzed conformational mutations lead to higher cell viability in human hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. In contrast to these conformational mutations, contact mutations interfered with efficient erythropoiesis. These findings show that not only the detection of a TP53 mutation is important, but also the specific mutation may play a role in malignant transformation and progression.
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Feng T, Liu J, Zhou N, Wang L, Liu X, Zhang S, Wang S, Chen H. CLZ-8, a potent small-molecular compound, protects radiation-induced damages both in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 61:44-51. [PMID: 29852368 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PUMA (p53 up-regulated mediator of apoptosis) is particularly important in initiating radiation-induced damage and apoptosis. It has been shown that inhibition of PUMA can provide a profound benefit for the long-term survival of the mice, without an increased risk of malignancies after irradiation. It becomes to be a potential target for developing an effective treatment aimed to protect cells from lethal radiation. CLZ-8, a novel small-molecular inhibition targeting PUMA, could have considerable protection against cell apoptosis and DNA damage. The aim of the present study is to evaluate CLZ-8's radioprotective ability to enhance survival rate of mice exposed to gamma radiation, prevent radiation-induced apoptosis, and repair DNA damage in cultured cells. We have determined the best effective dose in vivo is 200 mg/kg. This dose of CLZ-8 administered at 30 min before radiation can notably enhance mice survival rate. CLZ-8 ameliorates radiation-induced HUVEC cells damage and reduces apoptosis counts compared to vehicle-treated cells. Western blotting analysis indicates that CLZ-8 selectively inhibits overexpressed PUMA induced by radiation. The results demonstrate that CLZ-8 ameliorates radiation-induced cell depletion, promotes DNA recovery, and protects mice from radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Libin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Siwang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Castle KD, Daniel AR, Moding EJ, Luo L, Lee CL, Kirsch DG. Mice Lacking RIP3 Kinase are not Protected from Acute Radiation Syndrome. Radiat Res 2018; 189:627-633. [PMID: 29634408 DOI: 10.1667/rr15001.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation can cause lethal injury to normal tissue, thus inducing acute radiation syndrome. Acute radiation syndrome is caused by depletion of bone marrow cells (hematopoietic syndrome) and irreparable damage to the epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal syndrome). Although radiation initiates apoptosis in the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal compartments within the first few hours after exposure, alternative mechanisms of cell death may contribute to injury in these radiosensitive tissues. In this study, we utilized mice lacking a critical regulator of necroptosis, receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3) kinase, to characterize the role of RIP3 in normal tissue toxicity after irradiation. Our results suggest that RIP3-mediated signaling is not a critical driver of acute radiation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Castle
- a Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Andrea R Daniel
- b Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Everett J Moding
- a Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Lixia Luo
- b Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- b Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - David G Kirsch
- a Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.,b Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Leibowitz BJ, Yang L, Wei L, Buchanan ME, Rachid M, Parise RA, Beumer JH, Eiseman JL, Schoen RE, Zhang L, Yu J. Targeting p53-dependent stem cell loss for intestinal chemoprotection. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaam7610. [PMID: 29437148 PMCID: PMC5827930 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium is the fastest renewing adult tissue and is maintained by tissue-specific stem cells. Treatment-induced GI side effects are a major dose-limiting factor for chemotherapy and abdominal radiotherapy and can decrease the quality of life in cancer patients and survivors. p53 is a key regulator of the DNA damage response, and its activation results in stimulus- and cell type-specific outcomes via distinct effectors. We demonstrate that p53-dependent PUMA induction mediates chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury in mice. Genetic ablation of Puma, but not of p53, protects against chemotherapy-induced lethal GI injury. Blocking chemotherapy-induced loss of LGR5+ stem cells by Puma KO or a small-molecule PUMA inhibitor (PUMAi) prevents perturbation of the stem cell niche, rapid activation of WNT and NOTCH signaling, and stem cell exhaustion during repeated exposures. PUMAi also protects human and mouse colonic organoids against chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and damage but does not protect cancer cells in vitro or in vivo. Therefore, targeting PUMA is a promising strategy for normal intestinal chemoprotection because it selectively blocks p53-dependent stem cell loss but leaves p53-dependent protective effects intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Leibowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Liheng Yang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Liang Wei
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Monica E Buchanan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Madani Rachid
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Jan H Beumer
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Julie L Eiseman
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Ghiasi P, Hosseinkhani S, Ansari H, Aghdami N, Balalaei S, Pahlavan S, Baharvand H. Reversible permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane promotes human cardiomyocyte differentiation from embryonic stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:521-536. [PMID: 30071126 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell death and differentiation appear to share similar cellular features. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether differentiation and mitochondrial cell death use a common pathway. We assessed the hallmarks of apoptosis during cardiomyocyte differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and found remarkable changes in P53, reactive oxygen species, apoptotic protease-activating factor 1, poly[ADP-ribose]polymerase 1, cellular adenosine triphosphate, and mitochondrial complex I activity. Furthermore, we observed reversible mitochondrial membrane permeabilization during cardiomyocyte differentiation accompanied by reversible loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and these changes coincided with the fluctuating patterns of cytosolic cytochrome c accumulation and subsequent caspase-9 and -3/7 activation. Moreover, the use of apoptosis inhibitors (BCL2-associated X protein [BAX] inhibitor and caspase-3/7 inhibitor) during differentiation impaired cardiomyocyte development, resulting in substantial downregulation of T, MESP1, NKX2.5, and α-MHC. Additionally, although the expression of specific differentiation markers (T, MESP1, NKX2.5, MEF2C, GATA4, and SOX17) was enhanced in doxorubicin-induced human embryonic stem cells, the stemness-specific markers (OCT4 and NANOG) showed significant downregulation. With increasing doxorubicin concentration (0.03-0.6 µM; IC50 = 0.5 µM), we observed a marked increase in the expression of mesoderm and endoderm markers. In summary, we suggest that reversible mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation through an attenuated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis-like pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ghiasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ansari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaei
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Y, Chang J, Li X, Pathak R, Sridharan V, Jones T, Mao XW, Nelson G, Boerma M, Hauer-Jensen M, Zhou D, Shao L. Low doses of oxygen ion irradiation cause long-term damage to bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189466. [PMID: 29232383 PMCID: PMC5726652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During deep space missions, astronauts will be exposed to low doses of charged particle irradiation. The long-term health effects of these exposures are largely unknown. We previously showed that low doses of oxygen ion (16O) irradiation induced acute damage to the hematopoietic system, including hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in a mouse model. However, the chronic effects of low dose 16O irradiation remain undefined. In the current study, we investigated the long-term effects of low dose 16O irradiation on the mouse hematopoietic system. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 0.05 Gy, 0.1 Gy, 0.25 Gy and 1.0 Gy whole body 16O (600 MeV/n) irradiation. The effects of 16O irradiation on bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were examined three months after the exposure. The results showed that the frequencies and numbers of BM HPCs and HSCs were significantly reduced in 0.1 Gy, 0.25 Gy and 1.0 Gy irradiated mice compared to 0.05 Gy irradiated and non-irradiated mice. Exposure of mice to low dose 16O irradiation also significantly reduced the clongenic function of BM HPCs determined by the colony-forming unit assay. The functional defect of irradiated HSCs was detected by cobblestone area-forming cell assay after exposure of mice to 0.1 Gy, 0.25 Gy and 1.0 Gy of 16O irradiation, while it was not seen at three months after 0.5 Gy and 1.0 Gy of γ-ray irradiation. These adverse effects of 16O irradiation on HSCs coincided with an increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, there were comparable levels of cellular apoptosis and DNA damage between irradiated and non-irradiated HPCs and HSCs. These data suggest that exposure to low doses of 16O irradiation induces long-term hematopoietic injury, primarily via increased ROS production in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Jianhui Chang
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Tamako Jones
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory Nelson
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Lijian Shao
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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How Will the Hematopoietic System Deal with Space Radiation on the Way to Mars? CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Rodrigues-Moreira S, Moreno SG, Ghinatti G, Lewandowski D, Hoffschir F, Ferri F, Gallouet AS, Gay D, Motohashi H, Yamamoto M, Joiner MC, Gault N, Romeo PH. Low-Dose Irradiation Promotes Persistent Oxidative Stress and Decreases Self-Renewal in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 20:3199-3211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Chang J, Wang Y, Pathak R, Sridharan V, Jones T, Mao XW, Nelson G, Boerma M, Hauer-Jensen M, Zhou D, Shao L. Whole body proton irradiation causes acute damage to bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1312-1320. [PMID: 28782442 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1356941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to proton irradiation during missions in deep space can lead to bone marrow injury. The acute effects of proton irradiation on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells remain undefined and thus were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We exposed male C57BL/6 mice to 0.5 and 1.0 Gy proton total body irradiation (proton-TBI, 150 MeV) and examined changes in peripheral blood cells and bone marrow (BM) progenitors and LSK cells 2 weeks after exposure. RESULTS 1.0 Gy proton-TBI significantly reduced the numbers of peripheral blood cells compared to 0.5 Gy proton-TBI and unirradiated animals, while the numbers of peripheral blood cell counts were comparable between 0.5 Gy proton-TBI and unirradiated mice. The frequencies and numbers of LSK cells and CMPs in BM of 0.5 and 1.0 Gy irradiated mice were decreased in comparison to those of normal controls. LSK cells and CMPs and their progeny exhibited a radiation-induced impairment in clonogenic function. Exposure to 1.0 Gy increased cellular apoptosis but not the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CMPs two weeks after irradiation. LSK cells from irradiated mice exhibited an increase in ROS production and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Exposure to proton-TBI can induce acute damage to BM progenitors and LSK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Chang
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Yingying Wang
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Rupak Pathak
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Tamako Jones
- b Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine , Loma Linda University , Loma Linda , CA , U.S.A
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- b Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine , Loma Linda University , Loma Linda , CA , U.S.A
| | - Gregory Nelson
- b Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, School of Medicine , Loma Linda University , Loma Linda , CA , U.S.A
| | - Marjan Boerma
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Daohong Zhou
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
| | - Lijian Shao
- a Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , U.S.A
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50
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Gross A, Katz SG. Non-apoptotic functions of BCL-2 family proteins. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1348-1358. [PMID: 28234359 PMCID: PMC5520452 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BCL-2 family proteins are major regulators of the apoptosis process, but the mechanisms by which they regulate this process are only partially understood. It is now well documented that these proteins play additional non-apoptotic roles that are likely to be related to their apoptotic roles and to provide important clues to cracking their mechanisms of action. It seems that these non-apoptotic roles are largely related to the activation of cellular survival pathways designated to maintain or regain cellular survival, but, if unsuccessful, will switch over into a pro-apoptotic mode. These non-apoptotic roles span a wide range of processes that include the regulation of mitochondrial physiology (metabolism, electron transport chain, morphology, permeability transition), endoplasmic reticulum physiology (calcium homeostasis, unfolded protein response (UPR)), nuclear processes (cell cycle, DNA damage response (DDR)), whole-cell metabolism (glucose and lipid), and autophagy. Here we review all these different non-apoptotic roles, make an attempt to link them to the apoptotic roles, and present many open questions for future research directions in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atan Gross
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 100 Herzel Street, Rehovot, Israel,Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 100 Herzel Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Tel: +972 8 9343656; Fax: +972 8 934 4116; E-mail:
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, Brady Memorial Laboratory 127A, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, Brady Memorial Laboratory 127A, New Haven CT 06520, USA. Tel: +203 785 2757; E-mail:
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