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Dunn WG, McLoughlin MA, Vassiliou GS. Clonal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancy. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e180065. [PMID: 39352393 PMCID: PMC11444162 DOI: 10.1172/jci180065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH), the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny driven by somatic mutations in leukemia-associated genes, is a common phenomenon that rises in prevalence with advancing age to affect most people older than 70 years. CH remains subclinical in most carriers, but, in a minority, it progresses to a myeloid neoplasm, such as acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or myeloproliferative neoplasm. Over the last decade, advances in our understanding of CH, its molecular landscape, and the risks associated with different driver gene mutations have culminated in recent developments that allow for a more precise estimation of myeloid neoplasia risk in CH carriers. In turn, this is leading to the development of translational and clinical programs to intercept and prevent CH from developing into myeloid neoplasia. Here, we give an overview of the spectrum of CH driver mutations, what is known about their pathophysiology, and how this informs the risk of incident myeloid malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Dunn
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. McLoughlin
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George S. Vassiliou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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2
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Chen YY, Wang YH, Chen CC, Huang CE, Hsu CC, Hsiao SH, Leu YW. Exogenous Janus Kinase 617 Codon Influences Small Noncoding RNAs and Gene Expression in Ba/F3 Cells. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION 2024:02275668-990000000-00013. [PMID: 39324984 DOI: 10.4103/ejpi.ejpi-d-24-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are blood cancers caused by mutations that originate from hematopoietic stem cells. More than 50%-90% of MPN patients had a dominant negative valine (V) to phenylalanine (F) mutation at the Janus kinase 617 codon (JAK2V617F) within the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway; however, this mutation was also found in a high percentage of the general population, its penetrance varied, and its onset was shown to be polygenic. Consequently, it is still unknown what molecular mechanism underlies the MPN transformation produced by JAK2V617F. Patients with MPN have been shown to have dysregulation of noncoding RNAs, such as microRNA (miRNA) and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), although there is not any concrete proof that JAK2V617F alone is responsible for the aberrant regulation of miRNA and piRNA. Human wild type versus V617F-mutated JAK2 are expressed in mouse Ba/F3 cells, and the expressed small and total RNAs were subjected to next generation sequencing analysis to determine the direct induction. Differentially expressed miRNAs, gene expression, and transcript and gene variations were found between exogenously expressed JAK2 and JAK2V617F in Ba/F3 cells. The differently expressed variations contained enriched transposable elements and piRNAs, indicating a rearranged epigenome. The results of the pathway analysis show that the transformation that self-validated the chosen sequencing target genes is impacted by the JAK-STAT pathway. The induction route is functionally conserved, according to exogenously produced miRNA and gene expression. These results may clarify how the JAK2V617F induces transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cih-En Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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3
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Bermes M, Rodriguez MJ, de Toledo MAS, Ernst S, Müller-Newen G, Brümmendorf TH, Chatain N, Koschmieder S, Baumeister J. Exploiting Synthetic Lethality between Germline BRCA1 Haploinsufficiency and PARP Inhibition in JAK2V617F-Positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17560. [PMID: 38139386 PMCID: PMC10743753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are rare hematologic disorders characterized by clonal hematopoiesis. Familial clustering is observed in a subset of cases, with a notable proportion exhibiting heterozygous germline mutations in DNA double-strand break repair genes (e.g., BRCA1). We investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting BRCA1 haploinsufficiency alongside the JAK2V617F driver mutation. We assessed the efficacy of combining the PARP inhibitor olaparib with interferon-alpha (IFNα) in CRISPR/Cas9-engineered Brca1+/- Jak2V617F-positive 32D cells. Olaparib treatment induced a higher number of DNA double-strand breaks, as demonstrated by γH2AX analysis through Western blot (p = 0.024), flow cytometry (p = 0.013), and confocal microscopy (p = 0.071). RAD51 foci formation was impaired in Brca1+/- cells compared to Brca1+/+ cells, indicating impaired homologous recombination repair due to Brca1 haploinsufficiency. Importantly, olaparib enhanced apoptosis while diminishing cell proliferation and viability in Brca1+/- cells compared to Brca1+/+ cells. These effects were further potentiated by IFNα. Olaparib induced interferon-stimulated genes and increased endogenous production of IFNα in Brca1+/- cells. These responses were abrogated by STING inhibition. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the combination of olaparib and IFNα presents a promising therapeutic strategy for MPN patients by exploiting the synthetic lethality between germline BRCA1 mutations and the JAK2V617F MPN driver mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Bermes
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.J.R.); (M.A.S.d.T.); (T.H.B.); (N.C.); (J.B.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Jimena Rodriguez
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.J.R.); (M.A.S.d.T.); (T.H.B.); (N.C.); (J.B.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcelo Augusto Szymanski de Toledo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.J.R.); (M.A.S.d.T.); (T.H.B.); (N.C.); (J.B.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ernst
- Confocal Microscopy Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research IZKF, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Tim Henrik Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.J.R.); (M.A.S.d.T.); (T.H.B.); (N.C.); (J.B.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.J.R.); (M.A.S.d.T.); (T.H.B.); (N.C.); (J.B.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.J.R.); (M.A.S.d.T.); (T.H.B.); (N.C.); (J.B.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Baumeister
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.J.R.); (M.A.S.d.T.); (T.H.B.); (N.C.); (J.B.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Fisher DAC, Laranjeira ABA, Kong T, Snyder SC, Shim K, Fulbright MC, Oh ST. Complementary and countervailing actions of Jak2 and Ikk2 in hematopoiesis in mice. Exp Hematol 2023; 128:48-66. [PMID: 37611729 PMCID: PMC11227100 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of JAK2 kinase is a unifying feature of human Ph- myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), most commonly due to the JAK2 V617F mutation. Mice harboring a homologous mutation in the Jak2 locus exhibit a phenotype resembling polycythemia vera. NFκB pathway hyperactivation is present in myeloid neoplasms, including MPNs, despite scarcity of mutations in NFκB pathway genes. To determine the impact of NFκB pathway hyperactivation in conjunction with Jak2 V617F, we utilized Ikk2 (Ikk2-CA) mice. Pan-hematopoietic Ikk2-CA alone produced depletion of hematopoietic stem cells and B cells. When combined with the Jak2 V617F mutation, Ikk2-CA rescued the polycythemia vera phenotype of Jak2 V617F. Likewise, Jak2 V617F ameliorated defects in hematopoiesis produced by Ikk2-CA. Single-cell RNA sequencing of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells revealed multiple genes antagonistically regulated by Jak2 and Ikk2, including subsets whose expression was altered by Jak2 V617F and/or Ikk2-CA but partly or fully rectified in the double mutant. We hypothesize that Jak2 promotes hematopoietic stem cell population self-renewal, whereas Ikk2 promotes myeloid lineage differentiation, and biases cell fates at several branch points in hematopoiesis. Jak2 and Ikk2 both regulate multiple genes affecting myeloid maturation and cell death. Therefore, the presence of dual Jak2 and NFκB hyperactivation may present neomorphic therapeutic vulnerabilities in myeloid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A C Fisher
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Angelo B A Laranjeira
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Tim Kong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Steven C Snyder
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Kevin Shim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Mary C Fulbright
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO.
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5
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Beleva EA. Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis in Myelofibrosis-An Underappreciated Hallmark of Disease Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15717. [PMID: 37958701 PMCID: PMC10649007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) encompasses thrombosis in the vessels of the splanchnic basin and has a relatively rare occurrence with a reported frequency in the general population of 1-2%. An episode of seemingly unprovoked SVT almost always triggers a diagnostic work-up for a Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), since atypical site thrombosis is a hallmark of MPN-associated thrombophilia. Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a rare MPN with an estimated incidence between 0.1 and 1/100,000 per year. Although prothrombotic tendency in PMF is not envisioned as a subject of specific therapeutic management, unlike other MPNs, such as polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), thrombotic risk and SVT prevalence in PMF may be comparably high. Additionally, unlike PV and ET, SVT development in PMF may depend more on procoagulant mechanisms involving endothelium than on blood cell activation. Emerging results from registry data also suggest that PMF patients with SVT may exhibit lower risk and better prognosis, thus highlighting the need for better thrombotic risk stratification and identifying a subset of patients with potential benefit from antithrombotic prophylaxis. This review highlights specific epidemiological, pathogenetic, and clinical features pertinent to SVT in myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina A. Beleva
- Clinic of Hematology, Military Medical Academy, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- QSAR and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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6
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Grockowiak E, Korn C, Rak J, Lysenko V, Hallou A, Panvini FM, Williams M, Fielding C, Fang Z, Khatib-Massalha E, García-García A, Li J, Khorshed RA, González-Antón S, Baxter EJ, Kusumbe A, Wilkins BS, Green A, Simons BD, Harrison CN, Green AR, Lo Celso C, Theocharides APA, Méndez-Ferrer S. Different niches for stem cells carrying the same oncogenic driver affect pathogenesis and therapy response in myeloproliferative neoplasms. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1193-1209. [PMID: 37550517 PMCID: PMC10447237 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging facilitates the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) carrying clonal hematopoiesis-related somatic mutations and the development of myeloid malignancies, such as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). While cooperating mutations can cause transformation, it is unclear whether distinct bone marrow (BM) HSC-niches can influence the growth and therapy response of HSCs carrying the same oncogenic driver. Here we found different BM niches for HSCs in MPN subtypes. JAK-STAT signaling differentially regulates CDC42-dependent HSC polarity, niche interaction and mutant cell expansion. Asymmetric HSC distribution causes differential BM niche remodeling: sinusoidal dilation in polycythemia vera and endosteal niche expansion in essential thrombocythemia. MPN development accelerates in a prematurely aged BM microenvironment, suggesting that the specialized niche can modulate mutant cell expansion. Finally, dissimilar HSC-niche interactions underpin variable clinical response to JAK inhibitor. Therefore, HSC-niche interactions influence the expansion rate and therapy response of cells carrying the same clonal hematopoiesis oncogenic driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Grockowiak
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Korn
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Justyna Rak
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Veronika Lysenko
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Hallou
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesca M Panvini
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Williams
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Fielding
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zijian Fang
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eman Khatib-Massalha
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrés García-García
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Reema A Khorshed
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Sir Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sara González-Antón
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Sir Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - E Joanna Baxter
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anjali Kusumbe
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Anna Green
- Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Anthony R Green
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Sir Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alexandre P A Theocharides
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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Bekendam RH, Ravid K. Mechanisms of platelet activation in cancer-associated thrombosis: a focus on myeloproliferative neoplasms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1207395. [PMID: 37457287 PMCID: PMC10342211 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1207395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate blood cells that play key roles in thrombosis and hemostasis. Platelets are also effector cells in malignancy and are known to home into the microenvironment of cancers. As such, these cells provide central links between the hemostatic system, inflammation and cancer progression. Activation of platelets by cancers has been postulated to contribute to metastasis and progression of local tumor invasion. Similarly, cancer-activated platelets can increase the risk of development of both arterial and venous thrombosis; a major contributor to cancer-associated morbidity. Platelet granules secretion within the tumor environment or the plasma provide a rich source of potential biomarkers for prediction of thrombotic risk or tumor progression. In the case of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), which are characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid precursors and abnormal function and number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets, patients suffer from thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. The mechanisms driving this are likely multifactorial but remain poorly understood. Several mouse models developed to recapitulate MPN phenotype with one of the driving mutations, in JAK2 (JAK2V617F) or in calreticulin (CALR) or myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene receptor (MPL), have been studied for their thrombotic phenotype. Variability and discrepancies were identified within different disease models of MPN, emphasizing the complexity of increased risk of clotting and bleeding in these pathologies. Here, we review recent literature on the role of platelets in cancer-associated arterial and venous thrombosis and use MPN as case study to illustrate recent advances in experimental models of thrombosis in a malignant phenotype. We address major mechanisms of tumor-platelet communication leading to thrombosis and focus on the role of altered platelets in promoting thrombosis in MPN experimental models and patients with MPN. Recent identification of platelet-derived biomarkers of MPN-associated thrombosis is also reviewed, with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof H. Bekendam
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Wang Z, Wang P, Zhang J, Gong H, Zhang X, Song J, Nie L, Peng Y, Li Y, Peng H, Cui Y, Li H, Hu B, Mi J, Liang L, Liu H, Zhang J, Ye M, Yazdanbakhsh K, Mohandas N, An X, Han X, Liu J. The novel GATA1-interacting protein HES6 is an essential transcriptional cofactor for human erythropoiesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:4774-4790. [PMID: 36929421 PMCID: PMC10250228 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal erythropoiesis requires the precise regulation of gene expression patterns, and transcription cofactors play a vital role in this process. Deregulation of cofactors has emerged as a key mechanism contributing to erythroid disorders. Through gene expression profiling, we found HES6 as an abundant cofactor expressed at gene level during human erythropoiesis. HES6 physically interacted with GATA1 and influenced the interaction of GATA1 with FOG1. Knockdown of HES6 impaired human erythropoiesis by decreasing GATA1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA sequencing revealed a rich set of HES6- and GATA1-co-regulated genes involved in erythroid-related pathways. We also discovered a positive feedback loop composed of HES6, GATA1 and STAT1 in the regulation of erythropoiesis. Notably, erythropoietin (EPO) stimulation led to up-regulation of these loop components. Increased expression levels of loop components were observed in CD34+ cells of polycythemia vera patients. Interference by either HES6 knockdown or inhibition of STAT1 activity suppressed proliferation of erythroid cells with the JAK2V617F mutation. We further explored the impact of HES6 on polycythemia vera phenotypes in mice. The identification of the HES6-GATA1 regulatory loop and its regulation by EPO provides novel insights into human erythropoiesis regulated by EPO/EPOR and a potential therapeutic target for the management of polycythemia vera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jieying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Basic Medical Institute; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Han Gong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xuchao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jianhui Song
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ling Nie
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuanliang Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yajuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Basic Medical Institute; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Long Liang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | | | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, NY Blood Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, NY Blood Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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9
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Pearson S, Blance R, Yan F, Hsieh YC, Geary B, Amaral FMR, Somervaille TCP, Kirschner K, Whetton AD, Pierce A. Identification of curaxin as a potential new therapeutic for JAK2 V617F mutant patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286412. [PMID: 37253035 PMCID: PMC10228771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) which typically results in reduced length and quality of life due to systemic symptoms and blood count changes arising from fibrotic changes in the bone marrow. While the JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib provides some clinical benefit, there remains a substantial unmet need for novel targeted therapies to better modify the disease process or eradicate the cells at the heart of myelofibrosis pathology. Repurposing drugs bypasses many of the hurdles present in drug development, such as toxicity and pharmacodynamic profiling. To this end we undertook a re-analysis of our pre-existing proteomic data sets to identify perturbed biochemical pathways and their associated drugs/inhibitors to potentially target the cells driving myelofibrosis. This approach identified CBL0137 as a candidate for targeting Jak2 mutation-driven malignancies. CBL0137 is a drug derived from curaxin targeting the Facilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT) complex. It is reported to trap the FACT complex on chromatin thereby activating p53 and inhibiting NF-kB activity. We therefore assessed the activity of CBL0137 in primary patient samples and murine models of Jak2-mutated MPN and found it preferentially targets CD34+ stem and progenitor cells from myelofibrosis patients by comparison with healthy control cells. Further we investigate its mechanism of action in primary haemopoietic progenitor cells and demonstrate its ability to reduce splenomegaly and reticulocyte number in a transgenic murine model of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Pearson
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rognvald Blance
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Yan
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ya-Ching Hsieh
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Geary
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio M. R. Amaral
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tim C. P. Somervaille
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D. Whetton
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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10
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Xie X, Su M, Ren K, Ma X, Lv Z, Li Z, Mei Y, Ji P. Clonal hematopoiesis and bone marrow inflammation. Transl Res 2023; 255:159-170. [PMID: 36347490 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) occurs in hematopoietic stem cells with increased risks of progressing to hematologic malignancies. CH mutations are predominantly found in aged populations and correlate with an increased incidence of cardiovascular and other diseases. Increased lines of evidence demonstrate that CH mutations are closely related to the inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in this topic starting from the discovery of CH and its mutations. We focus on the most commonly mutated and well-studied genes in CH and their contributions to the innate immune responses and inflammatory signaling, especially in the hematopoietic cells of bone marrow. We also aimed to discuss the interrelationship between inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment and CH mutations. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the challenges in the field and possible future directions to help understand the pathophysiology of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshu Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Su
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Kehan Ren
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyi Lv
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Mei
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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11
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Bianchi E, Rontauroli S, Tavernari L, Mirabile M, Pedrazzi F, Genovese E, Sartini S, Dall'Ora M, Grisendi G, Fabbiani L, Maccaferri M, Carretta C, Parenti S, Fantini S, Bartalucci N, Calabresi L, Balliu M, Guglielmelli P, Potenza L, Tagliafico E, Losi L, Dominici M, Luppi M, Vannucchi AM, Manfredini R. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling prevents bone marrow fibrosis by reducing osteopontin plasma levels in a myelofibrosis mouse model. Leukemia 2023; 37:1068-1079. [PMID: 36928007 PMCID: PMC10169646 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Clonal myeloproliferation and development of bone marrow (BM) fibrosis are the major pathogenetic events in myelofibrosis (MF). The identification of novel antifibrotic strategies is of utmost importance since the effectiveness of current therapies in reverting BM fibrosis is debated. We previously demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) has a profibrotic role in MF by promoting mesenchymal stromal cells proliferation and collagen production. Moreover, increased plasma OPN correlated with higher BM fibrosis grade and inferior overall survival in MF patients. To understand whether OPN is a druggable target in MF, we assessed putative inhibitors of OPN expression in vitro and identified ERK1/2 as a major regulator of OPN production. Increased OPN plasma levels were associated with BM fibrosis development in the Romiplostim-induced MF mouse model. Moreover, ERK1/2 inhibition led to a remarkable reduction of OPN production and BM fibrosis in Romiplostim-treated mice. Strikingly, the antifibrotic effect of ERK1/2 inhibition can be mainly ascribed to the reduced OPN production since it could be recapitulated through the administration of anti-OPN neutralizing antibody. Our results demonstrate that OPN is a novel druggable target in MF and pave the way to antifibrotic therapies based on the inhibition of ERK1/2-driven OPN production or the neutralization of OPN activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bianchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Rontauroli
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Tavernari
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Margherita Mirabile
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Pedrazzi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Genovese
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Fabbiani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children & Adults, Pathology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Maccaferri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Carretta
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sandra Parenti
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sebastian Fantini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bartalucci
- Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (CRIMM), Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (CRIMM), Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Manjola Balliu
- Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (CRIMM), Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (CRIMM), Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maria Vannucchi
- Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (CRIMM), Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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12
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Han X, Mei Y, Mishra RK, Bi H, Jain AD, Schiltz GE, Zhao B, Sukhanova M, Wang P, Grigorescu AA, Weber PC, Piwinski JJ, Prado MA, Paulo JA, Stephens L, Anderson KE, Abrams CS, Yang J, Ji P. Targeting pleckstrin-2/Akt signaling reduces proliferation in myeloproliferative neoplasm models. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:159638. [PMID: 36719747 PMCID: PMC10014099 DOI: 10.1172/jci159638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by the activated JAK2/STAT pathway. Pleckstrin-2 (Plek2) is a downstream target of the JAK2/STAT5 pathway and is overexpressed in patients with MPNs. We previously revealed that Plek2 plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of JAK2-mutated MPNs. The nonessential roles of Plek2 under physiologic conditions make it an ideal target for MPN therapy. Here, we identified first-in-class Plek2 inhibitors through an in silico high-throughput screening approach and cell-based assays, followed by the synthesis of analogs. Plek2-specific small-molecule inhibitors showed potent inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Mechanistically, Plek2 interacts with and enhances the activity of Akt through the recruitment of downstream effector proteins. The Plek2-signaling complex also includes Hsp72, which protects Akt from degradation. These functions were blocked by Plek2 inhibitors via their direct binding to the Plek2 dishevelled, Egl-10 and pleckstrin (DEP) domain. The role of Plek2 in activating Akt signaling was further confirmed in vivo using a hematopoietic-specific Pten-knockout mouse model. We next tested Plek2 inhibitors alone or in combination with an Akt inhibitor in various MPN mouse models, which showed significant therapeutic efficacies similar to that seen with the genetic depletion of Plek2. The Plek2 inhibitor was also effective in reducing proliferation of CD34-positive cells from MPN patients. Our studies reveal a Plek2/Akt complex that drives cell proliferation and can be targeted by a class of antiproliferative compounds for MPN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Yang Mei
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Rama K Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Honghao Bi
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Gary E Schiltz
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Chemistry, and.,Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Madina Sukhanova
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Arabela A Grigorescu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Miguel A Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Len Stephens
- Signaling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Anderson
- Signaling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S Abrams
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
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13
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Zuriaga MA, Fuster JJ. Emerging Role of Acquired Mutations and Clonal Hematopoiesis in Atherosclerosis - Beyond Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Circ J 2023; 87:394-400. [PMID: 34433749 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-21-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that conventional cardiovascular risk factors are incompletely predictive of cardiovascular disease, as a substantial risk remains even when these factors are apparently managed well. In this context, clonal hematopoiesis has emerged as a new and potent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other cardiometabolic conditions. Clonal hematopoiesis typically arises from somatic mutations that confer a competitive advantage to a mutant hematopoietic stem cell, leading to its clonal expansion in the stem cell population and its progeny of blood leukocytes. Human sequencing studies and experiments in mice suggest that clonal hematopoiesis, at least when driven by certain mutations, contributes to accelerated atherosclerosis development. However, the epidemiology, biology and clinical implications of this phenomenon remain incompletely understood. Here, we review the current understanding of the connection between clonal hematopoiesis and atherosclerosis, and highlight knowledge gaps in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José J Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares [CNIC].,CIBER en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares [CIBER-CV]
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14
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Zhang Y, Truong B, Fahl SP, Martinez E, Cai KQ, Al-Saleem ED, Gong Y, Liebermann DA, Soboloff J, Dunbrack R, Levine RL, Fletcher S, Kappes D, Sykes SM, Shapiro P, Wiest DL. The ERK2-DBP domain opposes pathogenesis of a mouse JAK2V617F-driven myeloproliferative neoplasm. Blood 2022; 140:359-373. [PMID: 35436326 PMCID: PMC9335498 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is activated in most human cancers, attempts to target this pathway using kinase-active site inhibitors have not typically led to durable clinical benefit. To address this shortcoming, we sought to test the feasibility of an alternative targeting strategy, focused on the ERK2 substrate binding domains, D and DEF binding pocket (DBP). Disabling the ERK2-DBP domain in mice caused baseline erythrocytosis. Consequently, we investigated the role of the ERK2-D and -DBP domains in disease, using a JAK2-dependent model of polycythemia vera (PV). Of note, inactivation of the ERK2-DBP domain promoted the progression of disease from PV to myelofibrosis, suggesting that the ERK2-DBP domain normally opposes progression. ERK2-DBP inactivation also prevented oncogenic JAK2 kinase (JAK2V617F) from promoting oncogene-induced senescence in vitro. The ERK2-DBP mutation attenuated JAK2-mediated oncogene-induced senescence by preventing the physical interaction of ERK2 with the transcription factor Egr1. Because inactivation of the ERK2-DBP created a functional ERK2 kinase limited to binding substrates through its D domain, these data suggested that the D domain substrates were responsible for promoting oncogene-induced progenitor growth and tumor progression and that pharmacologic targeting of the ERK2-D domain may attenuate cancer cell growth. Indeed, pharmacologic agents targeting the ERK2-D domain were effective in attenuating the growth of JAK2-dependent myeloproliferative neoplasm cell lines. Taken together, these data indicate that the ERK-D and -DBP domains can play distinct roles in the progression of neoplasms and that the D domain has the potential to be a potent therapeutic target in Ras/MAPK-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yulan Gong
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dan A Liebermann
- Fels Institute for Personalized Medicine and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Personalized Medicine and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roland Dunbrack
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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15
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Clonal hematopoiesis and cardiovascular disease in cancer patients and survivors. Thromb Res 2022; 213 Suppl 1:S107-S112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Lee S, Wong H, Castiglione M, Murphy M, Kaushansky K, Zhan H. JAK2V617F Mutant Megakaryocytes Contribute to Hematopoietic Aging in a Murine Model of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm. Stem Cells 2022; 40:359-370. [PMID: 35260895 PMCID: PMC9199841 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) is an important component of the hematopoietic niche. Abnormal MK hyperplasia is a hallmark feature of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The JAK2V617F mutation is present in hematopoietic cells in a majority of patients with MPNs. Using a murine model of MPN in which the human JAK2V617F gene is expressed in the MK lineage, we show that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs promote hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, manifesting as myeloid-skewed hematopoiesis with an expansion of CD41+ HSCs, a reduced engraftment and self-renewal capacity, and a reduced differentiation capacity. HSCs from 2-year-old mice with JAK2V617F-bearing MKs were more proliferative and less quiescent than HSCs from age-matched control mice. Examination of the marrow hematopoietic niche reveals that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs not only have decreased direct interactions with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells during aging but also suppress the vascular niche function during aging. Unbiased RNA expression profiling reveals that HSC aging has a profound effect on MK transcriptomic profiles, while targeted cytokine array shows that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs can alter the hematopoietic niche through increased levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic factors. Therefore, as a hematopoietic niche cell, MKs represent an important connection between the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms for HSC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Lee
- Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Helen Wong
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glen Head, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Kaushansky
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Huichun Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Medical Service, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
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17
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Wang X, Rampal RK, Hu CS, Tripodi J, Farnoud N, Petersen B, Rossi MR, Patel M, McGovern E, Najfeld V, Iancu-Rubin C, Lu M, Davis A, Kremyanskaya M, Weinberg RS, Mascarenhas J, Hoffman R. Characterization of disease-propagating stem cells responsible for myeloproliferative neoplasm-blast phase. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e156534. [PMID: 35259128 PMCID: PMC9089790 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) frequently evolve to a blast phase (BP) that is almost uniformly resistant to induction chemotherapy or hypomethylating agents. We explored the functional properties, genomic architecture, and cell of origin of MPN-BP initiating cells (IC) using a serial NSG mouse xenograft transplantation model. Transplantation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from 7 of 18 patients resulted in a high degree of leukemic cell chimerism and recreated clinical characteristics of human MPN-BP. The function of MPN-BP ICs was not dependent on the presence of JAK2V617F, a driver mutation associated with the initial underlying MPN. By contrast, multiple MPN-BP IC subclones coexisted within MPN-BP MNCs characterized by different myeloid malignancy gene mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities. MPN-BP ICs in 4 patients exhibited extensive proliferative and self-renewal capacity, as demonstrated by their ability to recapitulate human MPN-BP in serial recipients. These MPN-BP IC subclones underwent extensive continuous clonal competition within individual xenografts and across multiple generations, and their subclonal dynamics were consistent with functional evolution of MPN-BP IC. Finally, we show that MPN-BP ICs originate from not only phenotypically identified hematopoietic stem cells, but also lymphoid-myeloid progenitor cells, which were each characterized by differences in MPN-BP initiating activity and self-renewal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Raajit K. Rampal
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cing Siang Hu
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Tripodi
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Noushin Farnoud
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Petersen
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael R. Rossi
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, ISMMS, New York, New York
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Minal Patel
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erin McGovern
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vesna Najfeld
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Camelia Iancu-Rubin
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Min Lu
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Davis
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina Kremyanskaya
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | | | - John Mascarenhas
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology/Pathology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
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18
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Bennett C, Lawrence M, Guerrero JA, Stritt S, Waller AK, Yan Y, Mifsud RW, Ballester-Beltran J, Baig A, Mueller A, Mayer L, Warland J, Penkett CJ, Akbari P, Moreau T, Evans AL, Mookerjee S, Hoffman GJ, Saeb-Parsy K, Adams DJ, Couzens AL, Bender M, Erber WN, Nieswandt B, Read RJ, Ghevaert C. CRLF3 plays a key role in the final stage of platelet genesis and is a potential therapeutic target for thrombocythemia. Blood 2022; 139:2227-2239. [PMID: 35051265 PMCID: PMC7614665 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of platelet production has so far been understood to be a 2-stage process: megakaryocyte maturation from hematopoietic stem cells followed by proplatelet formation, with each phase regulating the peripheral blood platelet count. Proplatelet formation releases into the bloodstream beads-on-a-string preplatelets, which undergo fission into mature platelets. For the first time, we show that preplatelet maturation is a third, tightly regulated, critical process akin to cytokinesis that regulates platelet count. We show that deficiency in cytokine receptor-like factor 3 (CRLF3) in mice leads to an isolated and sustained 25% to 48% reduction in the platelet count without any effect on other blood cell lineages. We show that Crlf3-/- preplatelets have increased microtubule stability, possibly because of increased microtubule glutamylation via the interaction of CRLF3 with key members of the Hippo pathway. Using a mouse model of JAK2 V617F essential thrombocythemia, we show that a lack of CRLF3 leads to long-term lineage-specific normalization of the platelet count. We thereby postulate that targeting CRLF3 has therapeutic potential for treatment of thrombocythemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavan Bennett
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Moyra Lawrence
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Jose A. Guerrero
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Simon Stritt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amie K. Waller
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Yahui Yan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England
| | - Richard W. Mifsud
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England
| | - Jose Ballester-Beltran
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annett Mueller
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Louisa Mayer
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - James Warland
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Christopher J. Penkett
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Parsa Akbari
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Thomas Moreau
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Amanda L. Evans
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Souradip Mookerjee
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Gary J. Hoffman
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6099, Australia
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J. Adams
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Amber L. Couzens
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wendy N. Erber
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6099, Australia
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Randy J. Read
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
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19
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Alagpulinsa DA, Toribio MP, Alhallak I, Shmookler Reis RJ. Advances in understanding the molecular basis of clonal hematopoiesis. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:360-377. [PMID: 35341686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are polyfunctional, regenerating all blood cells via hematopoiesis throughout life. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is said to occur when a substantial proportion of mature blood cells is derived from a single dominant HSC lineage, usually because these HSCs have somatic mutations that confer a fitness and expansion advantage. CH strongly associates with aging and enrichment in some diseases irrespective of age, emerging as an independent causal risk factor for hematologic malignancies, cardiovascular disease, adverse disease outcomes, and all-cause mortality. Defining the molecular mechanisms underlying CH will thus provide a framework to develop interventions for healthy aging and disease treatment. Here, we review the most recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of CH in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Alagpulinsa
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Mabel P Toribio
- Metabolism Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Metabolism Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Robert J Shmookler Reis
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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20
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Gou P, Zhang W, Giraudier S. Insights into the Potential Mechanisms of JAK2V617F Somatic Mutation Contributing Distinct Phenotypes in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031013. [PMID: 35162937 PMCID: PMC8835324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a group of blood cancers in which the bone marrow (BM) produces an overabundance of erythrocyte, white blood cells, or platelets. Philadelphia chromosome-negative MPN has three subtypes, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The over proliferation of blood cells is often associated with somatic mutations, such as JAK2, CALR, and MPL. JAK2V617F is present in 95% of PV and 50–60% of ET and PMF. Based on current molecular dynamics simulations of full JAK2 and the crystal structure of individual domains, it suggests that JAK2 maintains basal activity through self-inhibition, whereas other domains and linkers directly/indirectly enhance this self-inhibited state. Nevertheless, the JAK2V617F mutation is not the only determinant of MPN phenotype, as many normal individuals carry the JAK2V617F mutation without a disease phenotype. Here we review the major MPN phenotypes, JAK-STAT pathways, and mechanisms of development based on structural biology, while also describing the impact of other contributing factors such as gene mutation allele burden, JAK-STAT-related signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, immune responses, and lifestyle on different MPN phenotypes. The cross-linking of these elements constitutes a complex network of interactions and generates differences in individual and cellular contexts that determine the phenotypic development of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panhong Gou
- Laboratoire UMRS-1131, Ecole doctorale 561, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S1131, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Stephane Giraudier
- Laboratoire UMRS-1131, Ecole doctorale 561, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S1131, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (S.G.)
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21
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Calabresi L, Balliu M, Bartalucci N. Immunoblotting-assisted assessment of JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in myeloproliferative neoplasms CD34+ stem cells. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 171:81-109. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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22
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Zhang H, Yeware A, Lee S, Zhan H. A Murine Model With JAK2V617F Expression in Both Hematopoietic Cells and Vascular Endothelial Cells Recapitulates the Key Features of Human Myeloproliferative Neoplasm. Front Oncol 2021; 11:753465. [PMID: 34765558 PMCID: PMC8576565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.753465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by an expansion of the neoplastic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The acquired kinase mutation JAK2V617F is present in hematopoietic cells in a majority of patients with MPNs. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) carrying the JAK2V617F mutation can also be detected in patients with MPNs. In this study, we show that a murine model with both JAK2V617F-bearing hematopoietic cells and JAK2V617F-bearing vascular ECs recapitulated all the key features of the human MPN disease, which include disease transformation from essential thrombocythemia to myelofibrosis, extramedullary splenic hematopoiesis, and spontaneous cardiovascular complications. We also found that, during aging and MPN disease progression, there was a loss of both HSPC number and HSPC function in the marrow while the neoplastic hematopoiesis was relatively maintained in the spleen, mimicking the advanced phases of human MPN disease. Different vascular niche of the marrow and spleen could contribute to the different JAK2V617F mutant stem cell functions we have observed in this JAK2V617F-positive murine model. These results indicate that the spleen is functionally important for the JAK2V617F mutant neoplastic hematopoiesis during aging and MPN disease progression. Compared to other MPN murine models reported so far, our studies demonstrate that JAK2V617F-bearing vascular ECs play an important role in both the hematologic and cardiovascular abnormalities of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhang
- Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Amar Yeware
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Sandy Lee
- Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Huichun Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,Medical Service, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, United States
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23
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Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders with overproduction of mature myeloid blood cells, including essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). In 2005, several groups identified a single gain-of-function point mutation JAK2V617F in the majority of MPN patients. The JAK2V617F mutation confers cytokine independent proliferation to hematopoietic progenitor cells by constitutively activating canonical and non-canonical downstream pathways. In this chapter, we focus on (1) the regulation of JAK2, (2) the molecular mechanisms used by JAK2V617F to induce MPNs, (3) the factors that are involved in the phenotypic diversity in MPNs, and (4) the effects of JAK2V617F on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The discovery of the JAK2V617F mutation led to a comprehensive understanding of MPN; however, the question still remains about how one mutation can give rise to three distinct disease entities. Various mechanisms have been proposed, including JAK2V617F allele burden, differential STAT signaling, and host genetic modifiers. In vivo modeling of JAK2V617F has dramatically enhanced the understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and provided the pre-clinical platform. Interestingly, most of these models do not show an increased hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and function compared to wildtype controls, raising the question of whether JAK2V617F alone is sufficient to give a clonal advantage in MPN patients. In addition, the advent of modern sequencing technologies has led to a broader understanding of the mutational landscape and detailed JAK2V617F clonal architecture in MPN patients.
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24
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Muggeo S, Crisafulli L, Uva P, Fontana E, Ubezio M, Morenghi E, Colombo FS, Rigoni R, Peano C, Vezzoni P, Della Porta MG, Villa A, Ficara F. PBX1-directed stem cell transcriptional program drives tumor progression in myeloproliferative neoplasm. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2607-2616. [PMID: 34678207 PMCID: PMC8581051 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PBX1 regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and maintains proto-oncogenic transcriptional pathways in early progenitors. Its increased expression was found in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients bearing the JAK2V617F mutation. To investigate if PBX1 contributes to MPN, and to explore its potential as therapeutic target, we generated the JP mouse strain, in which the human JAK2 mutation is induced in the absence of PBX1. Typical MPN features, such as thrombocythemia and granulocytosis, did not develop without PBX1, while erythrocytosis, initially displayed by JP mice, gradually resolved over time; splenic myeloid metaplasia and in vitro cytokine independent growth were absent upon PBX1 inactivation. The aberrant transcriptome in stem/progenitor cells from the MPN model was reverted by the absence of PBX1, demonstrating that PBX1 controls part of the molecular pathways deregulated by the JAK2V617F mutation. Modulation of the PBX1-driven transcriptional program might represent a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Muggeo
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Laura Crisafulli
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Paolo Uva
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Pula (CA), Italy
| | - Elena Fontana
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Marta Ubezio
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morenghi
- Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Simone Colombo
- Flow Cytometry Core, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosita Rigoni
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Genomic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Vezzoni
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovanni Della Porta
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ficara
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Milan, Italy; Human Genome and Biomedical Technologies Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
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25
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From Metcalf to myeloproliferative neoplasms - a personal journey. Exp Hematol 2021; 105:2-9. [PMID: 34706253 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The human myeloproliferative neoplasms constitute a biologically fascinating group of chronic myeloid malignancies. This perspective outlines how a postdoctoral fellowship working in Don Metcalf's unit proved a formative and immensely enjoyable experience for my family and me. It laid the foundation for a subsequent body of work over three decades that revealed the genetic basis of these diseases, defined how these genetic alterations subvert normal hematopoiesis, altered clinical practice, and provided insights of broad biological relevance for cancer and cytokine signaling.
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26
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Castiglione M, Zhang H, Kaushansky K, Zhan H. Cell competition between wild-type and JAK2V617F mutant cells in a murine model of a myeloproliferative neoplasm. Exp Hematol 2021; 100:52-62. [PMID: 34153382 PMCID: PMC9911310 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by overproduction of mature blood cells and increased risk of transformation to frank leukemia. The acquired kinase mutation JAK2V617F plays a central role in a majority of patients with these diseases. As MPNs are clonal stem cell disorders (i.e. arise from a single stem cell which eventually expands), the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment in MPNs is heterogeneous with the presence of both JAK2 wild-type and JAK2V617F mutant cells. Mechanisms responsible for the mutant stem cell expansion in MPNs are not fully understood. Utilizing in vitro co-culture assays and in vivo competitive transplantation assays, we show that the presence of wild-type cells alters both the gene expression profile and cellular function of JAK2V617F mutant HSPCs and inhibits the expansion of co-existing JAK2V617F mutant cells in a normal microenvironment. In contrast, we found that a microenvironment bearing the mutant kinase promotes JAK2V617F mutant HSPC expansion over wild-type cells due in part to altered CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the competitive interactions between normal and JAK2V617F mutant cells, and how these mechanisms break down during MPN disease progression hold great potential for advances in treating patients with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Kenneth Kaushansky
- Office of the Sr. Vice President, Health Sciences, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Huichun Zhan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY; Medical Service, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY.
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27
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Krishnan M, Kumar S, Kangale LJ, Ghigo E, Abnave P. The Act of Controlling Adult Stem Cell Dynamics: Insights from Animal Models. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050667. [PMID: 33946143 PMCID: PMC8144950 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) are the undifferentiated cells that possess self-renewal and differentiation abilities. They are present in all major organ systems of the body and are uniquely reserved there during development for tissue maintenance during homeostasis, injury, and infection. They do so by promptly modulating the dynamics of proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration. Any imbalance in these processes may result in regeneration failure or developing cancer. Hence, the dynamics of these various behaviors of ASCs need to always be precisely controlled. Several genetic and epigenetic factors have been demonstrated to be involved in tightly regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of ASCs. Understanding these mechanisms is of great importance, given the role of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Investigations on various animal models have played a significant part in enriching our knowledge and giving In Vivo in-sight into such ASCs regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we have discussed the recent In Vivo studies demonstrating the role of various genetic factors in regulating dynamics of different ASCs viz. intestinal stem cells (ISCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and epidermal stem cells (Ep-SCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Krishnan
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Gurgaon-Faridabad Ex-pressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sahil Kumar
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Gurgaon-Faridabad Ex-pressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Luis Johnson Kangale
- IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France;
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Eric Ghigo
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
- TechnoJouvence, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Prasad Abnave
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Gurgaon-Faridabad Ex-pressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (M.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Benlabiod C, Dagher T, Marty C, Villeval JL. Lessons from mouse models of MPN. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 366:125-185. [PMID: 35153003 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a variety of MPN mouse models have been developed to express in HSC the main mutations identified in patients: JAK2V617F, CALRdel52 or ins5 and MPLW515L. These models mimic quite faithfully human PV or ET with their natural evolutions into MF and their hemostasis complications, demonstrating the driver function of these mutations in MPN. Here, we review these models and show how they have improved our general understanding of MPN regarding (1) the mechanisms of fibrosis, thrombosis/hemorrhages and disease initiation, (2) the roles of additional mutations and signaling pathways in disease progression and (3) the preclinical development of novel therapies. We also address controversial results between these models and remind how these models may differ from human MPN onset and also how basically mice are not humans, encouraging caution when one draw lessons from mice to humans. Furthermore, the contribution of germline genetic predisposition, HSC and niche aging, metabolic, oxidative, replicative or genotoxic stress, inflammation, immune escape and additional mutations need to be considered in further investigations to encompass the full complexity of human MPN in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Benlabiod
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Tracy Dagher
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Villeval
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France.
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Tong J, Sun T, Ma S, Zhao Y, Ju M, Gao Y, Zhu P, Tan P, Fu R, Zhang A, Wang D, Wang D, Xiao Z, Zhou J, Yang R, Loughran SJ, Li J, Green AR, Bresnick EH, Wang D, Cheng T, Zhang L, Shi L. Hematopoietic stem cell heterogeneity is linked to the initiation and therapeutic response of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:780. [PMID: 33798424 PMCID: PMC7613297 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The implications of stem cell heterogeneity for disease pathogenesis and therapy are poorly defined. JAK2V617F+ myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), harboring the same mutation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), display diverse phenotypes, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). These chronic malignant disorders are ideal models to analyze the pathological consequences of stem cell heterogeneity. Single-cell gene expression profiling with parallel mutation detection demonstrated that the megakaryocyte (Mk)-primed HSC subpopulation expanded significantly with enhanced potential in untreated individuals with JAK2V617F+ ET, driven primarily by the JAK2 mutation and elevated interferon signaling. During treatment, mutant HSCs were targeted preferentially in the Mk-primed HSC subpopulation. Interestingly, homozygous mutant HSCs were forced to re-enter quiescence, whereas their heterozygous counterparts underwent apoptosis. This study provides important evidence for the association of stem cell heterogeneity with the pathogenesis and therapeutic response of a malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Mankai Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Puwen Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rongfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Stephen J. Loughran
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Juan Li
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Anthony R. Green
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.), (T.C.), (L.Z.), (L.S.)
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.), (T.C.), (L.Z.), (L.S.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.), (T.C.), (L.Z.), (L.S.)
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.), (T.C.), (L.Z.), (L.S.)
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Wang X, Hoffman R. What are the molecular mechanisms driving the switch from MPNs to leukemia? Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2021; 34:101254. [PMID: 33762108 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2021.101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasm-blast phase (MPN-BP) is a form of acute leukemia which is distinct from de novo acute myeloid leukemia with each entity being characterized by specific complex cytogenetic abnormalities and myeloid gene mutational patterns. MPN-BP patients have a particularly dismal prognosis with a medium overall survival of 5.8 months with currently available therapies. Large-scale sequencing studies have unraveled the mutational landscape of the chronic MPNs and MPN-BP, demonstrating importance of clonal heterogeneity and the role of somatic mutations in disease progression and their use to determine patient outcomes. JAK inhibitors represent the standard of care for intermediate/high-risk MF patients and have been shown to improve clinical symptoms. However, this therapeutic approach leads to a modest reduction in the variant allele frequency of the known MPN driver mutations in most patients and does not substantially delay or prevent the evolution to MPN-BP. In this article, we will review molecular mechanisms driving the progression from chronic MPNs to a BP, the impact of genetic changes on MPN-BP evolution, and the role of clonal evolution in response to JAK inhibitor therapy and disease progression. We will also discuss our ongoing functional studies of cells responsible for the development of MPN-BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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31
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Baik R, Wyman SK, Kabir S, Corn JE. Genome editing to model and reverse a prevalent mutation associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247858. [PMID: 33661998 PMCID: PMC7932127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) cause the over-production of blood cells such as erythrocytes (polycythemia vera) or platelets (essential thrombocytosis). JAK2 V617F is the most prevalent somatic mutation in many MPNs, but previous modeling of this mutation in mice relied on transgenic overexpression and resulted in diverse phenotypes that were in some cases attributed to expression level. CRISPR-Cas9 engineering offers new possibilities to model and potentially cure genetically encoded disorders via precise modification of the endogenous locus in primary cells. Here we develop "scarless" Cas9-based reagents to create and reverse the JAK2 V617F mutation in an immortalized human erythroid progenitor cell line (HUDEP-2), CD34+ adult human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and immunophenotypic long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs). We find no overt in vitro increase in proliferation associated with an endogenous JAK2 V617F allele, but co-culture with wild type cells unmasks a competitive growth advantage provided by the mutation. Acquisition of the V617F allele also promotes terminal differentiation of erythroid progenitors, even in the absence of hematopoietic cytokine signaling. Taken together, these data are consistent with the gradually progressive manifestation of MPNs and reveals that endogenously acquired JAK2 V617F mutations may yield more subtle phenotypes as compared to transgenic overexpression models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Baik
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Stacia K. Wyman
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Shaheen Kabir
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JEC); (SK)
| | - Jacob E. Corn
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JEC); (SK)
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32
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Tong J, Sun T, Ma S, Zhao Y, Ju M, Gao Y, Zhu P, Tan P, Fu R, Zhang A, Wang D, Wang D, Xiao Z, Zhou J, Yang R, Loughran SJ, Li J, Green AR, Bresnick EH, Wang D, Cheng T, Zhang L, Shi L. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Heterogeneity Is Linked to the Initiation and Therapeutic Response of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:502-513.e6. [PMID: 33621485 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The implications of stem cell heterogeneity for disease pathogenesis and therapy are poorly defined. JAK2V617F+ myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), harboring the same mutation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), display diverse phenotypes, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). These chronic malignant disorders are ideal models to analyze the pathological consequences of stem cell heterogeneity. Single-cell gene expression profiling with parallel mutation detection demonstrated that the megakaryocyte (Mk)-primed HSC subpopulation expanded significantly with enhanced potential in untreated individuals with JAK2V617F+ ET, driven primarily by the JAK2 mutation and elevated interferon signaling. During treatment, mutant HSCs were targeted preferentially in the Mk-primed HSC subpopulation. Interestingly, homozygous mutant HSCs were forced to re-enter quiescence, whereas their heterozygous counterparts underwent apoptosis. This study provides important evidence for the association of stem cell heterogeneity with the pathogenesis and therapeutic response of a malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Mankai Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Puwen Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rongfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Stephen J Loughran
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Juan Li
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Anthony R Green
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
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Stetka J, Skoda RC. Mouse models of myeloproliferative neoplasms for pre-clinical testing of novel therapeutic agents. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 165:26-33. [PMID: 33542546 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), are clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders driven by gain-of-function mutations in JAK2 (JAK2-V617F), CALR or MPL genes. MPN treatment options currently mainly consist of cytoreductive therapy with hydroxyurea and JAK2 inhibitors such as ruxolitinib and fedratinib. Pegylated interferon-alpha can induce complete molecular remission (CMR) in some MPN patients when applied at early stages of disease. The ultimate goal of modern MPN treatment is to develop novel therapies that specifically target mutant HSCs in MPN and consistently induce CMR. Basic research has identified a growing number of candidate drugs with promising effects in vitro. A first step on the way to developing these compounds into drugs approved for treatment of MPN patients often consists of examining the effects in vivo using pre-clinical mouse models of MPN. Here we review the current state of MPN mouse models and the experimental setup for their optimal use in drug testing. In addition to novel compounds, combinatorial therapeutic approaches are often considered for the treatment of MPN. Optimized and validated mouse models can provide an efficient way to rapidly assess and select the most promising combinations and thereby contribute to accelerating the development of novel therapies of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stetka
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhan H, Kaushansky K. The Hematopoietic Microenvironment in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: The Interplay Between Nature (Stem Cells) and Nurture (the Niche). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1273:135-145. [PMID: 33119879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on instructive cues from the marrow microenvironment for their maintenance and function. Accumulating evidence indicates that the survival and proliferation of hematopoietic neoplasms are dependent not only on cell-intrinsic, genetic mutations, and other molecular alterations present within neoplastic stem cells, but also on the ability of the surrounding microenvironmental cells to nurture and promote the malignancy. It is anticipated that a better understanding of the molecular and cellular events responsible for these microenvironmental features of neoplastic hematopoiesis will lead to improved treatment for patients. This review will focus on the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), in which an acquired signaling kinase mutation (JAK2V617F) plays a central, pathogenetic role in 50-100% of patients with these disorders. Evidence is presented that the development of an MPN requires both an abnormal, mutation-bearing (i.e., neoplastic) HSC and an abnormal, mutation-bearing microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Zhan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA. .,Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA.
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Expansion of senescent megakaryocyte-lineage cells maintains CML cell leukemogenesis. Blood Adv 2020; 4:6175-6188. [PMID: 33351113 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL, an oncogenic fusion gene, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Oncogenic signaling induces oncogene-induced senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is characterized by enhanced production of various cytokines. BCR-ABL gene transduction confers senescent phenotype in vitro; however, the in vivo relevance of senescence has not been explored in this context. Transplantation of BCR-ABL-expressing hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells caused CML in mice with an increase in bone marrow BCR-ABL+CD41+CD150+ leukemic megakaryocyte-lineage (MgkL) cells, which exhibited enhanced senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and increased expression of p16 and p21, key molecules that are crucially involved in senescence. Moreover, knockout of p16 and p21 genes reduced both BCR-ABL-induced abnormal megakaryopoiesis and the maintenance of CML cell leukemogenic capacity, as evidenced by attenuated leukemogenic capacity at secondary transplantation. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a representative SASP molecule, was enhanced in the leukemic MgkL cells, and TGF-β1 inhibition attenuated CML cell leukemogenic capacity both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, BCR-ABL-expressing MgkL cells displayed enhanced autophagic activity, and autophagy inhibition reduced bone marrow MgkL cell number and prolonged the survival of CML mice, which had transiently received the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, earlier. Thus, BCR-ABL induced the expansion of senescent leukemic MgkL cells, which supported CML leukemogenesis by providing TGF-β1.
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Stanly TA, Suman R, Rani GF, O’Toole PJ, Kaye PM, Hitchcock IS. Quantitative Optical Diffraction Tomography Imaging of Mouse Platelets. Front Physiol 2020; 11:568087. [PMID: 33041864 PMCID: PMC7526686 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.568087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are specialized anucleate cells that play a major role in hemostasis following vessel injury. More recently, platelets have also been implicated in innate immunity and inflammation by directly interacting with immune cells and releasing proinflammatory signals. It is likely therefore that in certain pathologies, such as chronic parasitic infections and myeloid malignancies, platelets can act as mediators for hemostatic and proinflammatory responses. Fortunately, murine platelet function ex vivo is highly analogous to human, providing a robust model for functional comparison. However, traditional methods of studying platelet phenotype, function and activation status often rely on using large numbers of whole isolated platelet populations, which severely limits the number and type of assays that can be performed with mouse blood. Here, using cutting edge 3D quantitative phase imaging, holotomography, that uses optical diffraction tomography (ODT), we were able to identify and quantify differences in single unlabeled, live platelets with minimal experimental interference. We analyzed platelets directly isolated from whole blood of mice with either a JAK2V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) or Leishmania donovani infection. Image analysis of the platelets indicates previously uncharacterized differences in platelet morphology, including altered cell volume and sphericity, as well as changes in biophysical parameters such as refractive index (RI) and dry mass. Together, these data indicate that, by using holotomography, we were able to identify clear disparities in activation status and potential functional ability in disease states compared to control at the level of single platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess A. Stanly
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Rakesh Suman
- Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Gulab Fatima Rani
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. O’Toole
- Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M. Kaye
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S. Hitchcock
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Jacquelin S, Kramer F, Mullally A, Lane SW. Murine Models of Myelofibrosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092381. [PMID: 32842500 PMCID: PMC7563264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is subtype of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by a relatively poor prognosis in patients. Understanding the factors that drive MF pathogenesis is crucial to identifying novel therapeutic approaches with the potential to improve patient care. Driver mutations in three main genes (janus kinase 2 (JAK2), calreticulin (CALR), and myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL)) are recurrently mutated in MPN and are sufficient to engender MPN using animal models. Interestingly, animal studies have shown that the underlying molecular mutation and the acquisition of additional genetic lesions is associated with MF outcome and transition from early stage MPN such as essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) to secondary MF. In this issue, we review murine models that have contributed to a better characterization of MF pathobiology and identification of new therapeutic opportunities in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Jacquelin
- Cancer program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Frederike Kramer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Steven W. Lane
- Cancer program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Cancer Care Services, The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (S.W.L.)
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Matsuura S, Thompson CR, Belghasem ME, Bekendam RH, Piasecki A, Leiva O, Ray A, Italiano J, Yang M, Merill-Skoloff G, Chitalia VC, Flaumenhaft R, Ravid K. Platelet Dysfunction and Thrombosis in JAK2 V617F-Mutated Primary Myelofibrotic Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e262-e272. [PMID: 32814440 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as primary myelofibrosis varies depending on the type of key driving mutation (JAK2 [janus kinase 2], CALR [calreticulin], and MPL [myeloproliferative leukemia protein or thrombopoietin receptor]) and the accompanying mutations in other genes. In the current study, we sought to examine the propensity for thrombosis, as well as platelet activation properties in a mouse model of primary myelofibrosis induced by JAK2V617F (janus kinase 2 with valine to phenylalanine substitution on codon 617) mutation. Approach and Results: Vav1-hJAK2V617F transgenic mice show hallmarks of primary myelofibrosis, including significant megakaryocytosis and bone marrow fibrosis, with a moderate increase in red blood cells and platelet number. This mouse model was used to study responses to 2 models of vascular injury and to investigate platelet properties. Platelets derived from the mutated mice have reduced aggregation in response to collagen, reduced thrombus formation and thrombus size, as demonstrated using laser-induced or FeCl3-induced vascular injury models, and increased bleeding time. Strikingly, the mutated platelets had a significantly reduced number of dense granules, which could explain impaired ADP secretion upon platelet activation, and a diminished second wave of activation. CONCLUSIONS Together, our study highlights for the first time the influence of a hyperactive JAK2 on platelet activation-induced ADP secretion and dense granule homeostasis, with consequent effects on platelet activation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Matsuura
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.M., C.R.T., A.P., O.L., K.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Cristal R Thompson
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.M., C.R.T., A.P., O.L., K.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | | | - Roelof H Bekendam
- Department of Medicine (R.H.B.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Andrew Piasecki
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.M., C.R.T., A.P., O.L., K.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Orly Leiva
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.M., C.R.T., A.P., O.L., K.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Anjana Ray
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA (A.R., J.I.)
| | - Joseph Italiano
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA (A.R., J.I.)
| | - Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.Y., G.M.-S., R.F.)
| | - Glenn Merill-Skoloff
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.Y., G.M.-S., R.F.)
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine (V.C.C.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.Y., G.M.-S., R.F.)
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute (S.M., C.R.T., A.P., O.L., K.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
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Bartalucci N, Guglielmelli P, Vannucchi AM. Polycythemia vera: the current status of preclinical models and therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:615-628. [PMID: 32366208 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1762176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycythemia vera (PV) is the most common myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). PV is characterized by erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, increased hematocrit, and hemoglobin in the peripheral blood. Splenomegaly and myelofibrosis often occur in PV patients. Almost all PV patients harbor a mutation in the JAK2 gene, mainly represented by the JAK2V617F point mutation. AREAS COVERED This article examines the recent in vitro and in vivo available models of PV and moreover, it offers insights on emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The evidence from mouse models, resembling a PV-like phenotype generated by different technical approaches, is discussed. The authors searched PubMed, books, and clinicaltrials.gov for original and review articles and drugs development status including the terms Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Polycythemia Vera, erythrocytosis, hematocrit, splenomegaly, bone marrow fibrosis, JAK2V617F, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, MPN cytoreductive therapy, JAK2 inhibitor, histone deacetylase inhibitor, PV-like phenotype, JAK2V617F BMT, transgenic JAK2V617F mouse, JAK2 physiologic promoter. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical models of PV are valuable tools for enabling an understanding of the pathophysiology and the molecular mechanisms of the disease. These models provide new biological insights on the contribution of concomitant mutations and the efficacy of novel drugs in a 'more faithful' setting. This may facilitate an enhanced understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - CRIMM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - CRIMM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - CRIMM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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Role of DNA Damage Response in Suppressing Malignant Progression of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Polycythemia Vera: Impact of Different Oncogenes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040903. [PMID: 32272770 PMCID: PMC7226398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and oncogenic signaling, both known to challenge genome stability, are key drivers of BCR-ABL-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and JAK2 V617F-positive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Despite similarities in chronic inflammation and oncogene signaling, major differences in disease course exist. Although BCR-ABL has robust transformation potential, JAK2 V617F-positive polycythemia vera (PV) is characterized by a long and stable latent phase. These differences reflect increased genomic instability of BCR-ABL-positive CML, compared to genome-stable PV with rare cytogenetic abnormalities. Recent studies have implicated BCR-ABL in the development of a "mutator" phenotype fueled by high oxidative damage, deficiencies of DNA repair, and defective ATR-Chk1-dependent genome surveillance, providing a fertile ground for variants compromising the ATM-Chk2-p53 axis protecting chronic phase CML from blast crisis. Conversely, PV cells possess multiple JAK2 V617F-dependent protective mechanisms, which ameliorate replication stress, inflammation-mediated oxidative stress and stress-activated protein kinase signaling, all through up-regulation of RECQL5 helicase, reactive oxygen species buffering system, and DUSP1 actions. These attenuators of genome instability then protect myeloproliferative progenitors from DNA damage and create a barrier preventing cellular stress-associated myelofibrosis. Therefore, a better understanding of BCR-ABL and JAK2 V617F roles in the DNA damage response and disease pathophysiology can help to identify potential dependencies exploitable for therapeutic interventions.
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Amorós-Pérez M, Fuster JJ. Clonal hematopoiesis driven by somatic mutations: A new player in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2020; 297:120-126. [PMID: 32109665 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of acquired mutations is an inevitable consequence of the aging process, but its pathophysiological relevance has remained largely unexplored beyond cancer. Most of these mutations have little or no functional consequences, but in a few rare instances, a mutation may arise that confers a competitive advantage to a stem cell, leading to its clonal expansion. When such a mutation occurs in hematopoietic stem cells, it leads to a situation of clonal hematopoiesis, which has the potential to affect multiple tissues beyond the bone marrow, as the clonal expansion of the mutant stem cell is extended to circulating blood cells and tissue-infiltrating immune cells. Recent genomics and experimental studies have provided support to the notion that this somatic mutation-driven clonal hematopoiesis contributes to vascular inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ischemic events. Here, we review our current understanding of this emerging cardiovascular risk modifier and the mechanisms underlying its connection to atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Amorós-Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José J Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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42
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Shide K. The role of driver mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms: insights from mouse models. Int J Hematol 2019; 111:206-216. [PMID: 31865539 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High frequency of JAK2V617F or CALR exon 9 mutations is a main molecular feature of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Analysis of mouse models driven by these mutations suggests that they are a direct cause of MPNs and that the expression levels of the mutated genes define the disease phenotype. The function of MPN-initiating cells has also been elucidated by these mouse models. Such mouse models also play an important role in modeling disease to investigate the effects and action mechanisms of therapeutic drugs, such as JAK2 inhibitors and interferon α, against MPNs. The mutation landscape of hematological tumors has already been clarified by next-generation sequencing technology, and the importance of functional analysis of mutant genes in vivo should increase further in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shide
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
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43
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Rao TN, Hansen N, Hilfiker J, Rai S, Majewska JM, Leković D, Gezer D, Andina N, Galli S, Cassel T, Geier F, Delezie J, Nienhold R, Hao-Shen H, Beisel C, Di Palma S, Dimeloe S, Trebicka J, Wolf D, Gassmann M, Fan TWM, Lane AN, Handschin C, Dirnhofer S, Kröger N, Hess C, Radimerski T, Koschmieder S, Čokić VP, Skoda RC. JAK2-mutant hematopoietic cells display metabolic alterations that can be targeted to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2019; 134:1832-1846. [PMID: 31511238 PMCID: PMC6872961 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased energy requirement and metabolic reprogramming are hallmarks of cancer cells. We show that metabolic alterations in hematopoietic cells are fundamental to the pathogenesis of mutant JAK2-driven myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We found that expression of mutant JAK2 augmented and subverted metabolic activity of MPN cells, resulting in systemic metabolic changes in vivo, including hypoglycemia, adipose tissue atrophy, and early mortality. Hypoglycemia in MPN mouse models correlated with hyperactive erythropoiesis and was due to a combination of elevated glycolysis and increased oxidative phosphorylation. Modulating nutrient supply through high-fat diet improved survival, whereas high-glucose diet augmented the MPN phenotype. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identified numerous metabolic nodes in JAK2-mutant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that were altered in comparison with wild-type controls. We studied the consequences of elevated levels of Pfkfb3, a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis, and found that pharmacological inhibition of Pfkfb3 with the small molecule 3PO reversed hypoglycemia and reduced hematopoietic manifestations of MPNs. These effects were additive with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of glycolysis by 3PO altered the redox homeostasis, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and augmented apoptosis rate. Our findings reveal the contribution of metabolic alterations to the pathogenesis of MPNs and suggest that metabolic dependencies of mutant cells represent vulnerabilities that can be targeted for treating MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tata Nageswara Rao
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Hansen
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julian Hilfiker
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shivam Rai
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia-Magdalena Majewska
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danijela Leković
- Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Deniz Gezer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Andina
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serena Galli
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Cassel
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Florian Geier
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ronny Nienhold
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hui Hao-Shen
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beisel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serena Di Palma
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Immunobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Odense Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immunoncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Radimerski
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vladan P Čokić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Distinct effects of ruxolitinib and interferon-alpha on murine JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasm hematopoietic stem cell populations. Leukemia 2019; 34:1075-1089. [PMID: 31732720 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
JAK2V617F is the most common mutation in patients with BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The eradication of JAK2V617F hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is critical for achieving molecular remissions and cure. We investigate the distinct effects of two therapies, ruxolitinib (JAK1/2 inhibitor) and interferon-alpha (IFN-α), on the disease-initiating HSC population. Whereas ruxolitinib inhibits Stat5 activation in erythroid progenitor populations, it fails to inhibit this same pathway in HSCs. In contrast, IFN-α has direct effects on HSCs. Furthermore, STAT1 phosphorylation and pathway activation is greater after IFN-α stimulation in Jak2V617F murine HSCs with increased induction of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and reduction in quiescence after chronic IFN-α treatment. Interestingly, ruxolitinib does not block IFN-α induced reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in Jak2V617F murine HSCs in vivo. This work provides a mechanistic rationale informing how pegylated IFN-α reduces JAK2V617F allelic burden in the clinical setting and may inform future clinical efforts to combine ruxolitinib with pegylated IFN-α in patients with MPN.
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45
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Experimental Modeling of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100813. [PMID: 31618985 PMCID: PMC6826898 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are genetically very complex and heterogeneous diseases in which the acquisition of a somatic driver mutation triggers three main myeloid cytokine receptors, and phenotypically expresses as polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The course of the diseases may be influenced by germline predispositions, modifying mutations, their order of acquisition and environmental factors such as aging and inflammation. Deciphering these contributory elements, their mutual interrelationships, and their contribution to MPN pathogenesis brings important insights into the diseases. Animal models (mainly mouse and zebrafish) have already significantly contributed to understanding the role of several acquired and germline mutations in MPN oncogenic signaling. Novel technologies such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and precise genome editing (using CRISPR/Cas9) contribute to the emerging understanding of MPN pathogenesis and clonal architecture, and form a convenient platform for evaluating drug efficacy. In this overview, the genetic landscape of MPN is briefly described, with an attempt to cover the main discoveries of the last 15 years. Mouse and zebrafish models of the driver mutations are discussed and followed by a review of recent progress in modeling MPN with patient-derived iPSCs and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.
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46
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Chapeau EA, Mandon E, Gill J, Romanet V, Ebel N, Powajbo V, Andraos-Rey R, Qian Z, Kininis M, Zumstein-Mecker S, Ito M, Hynes NE, Tiedt R, Hofmann F, Eshkind L, Bockamp E, Kinzel B, Mueller M, Murakami M, Baffert F, Radimerski T. A conditional inducible JAK2V617F transgenic mouse model reveals myeloproliferative disease that is reversible upon switching off transgene expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221635. [PMID: 31600213 PMCID: PMC6786561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is thought to be the critical event in the pathogenesis of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. The most frequent genetic alteration in these pathologies is the activating JAK2V617F mutation, and expression of the mutant gene in mouse models was shown to cause a phenotype resembling the human diseases. Given the body of genetic evidence, it has come as a sobering finding that JAK inhibitor therapy only modestly suppresses the JAK2V617F allele burden, despite showing clear benefits in terms of reducing splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms in patients. To gain a better understanding if JAK2V617F is required for maintenance of myeloproliferative disease once it has evolved, we generated a conditional inducible transgenic JAK2V617F mouse model using the SCL-tTA-2S tet-off system. Our model corroborates that expression of JAK2V617F in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells recapitulates key hallmarks of human myeloproliferative neoplasms, and exhibits gender differences in disease manifestation. The disease was found to be transplantable, and importantly, reversible when transgenic JAK2V617F expression was switched off. Our results indicate that mutant JAK2V617F-specific inhibitors should result in profound disease modification by disabling the myeloproliferative clone bearing mutant JAK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A. Chapeau
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Emeline Mandon
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason Gill
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Romanet
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ebel
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Violetta Powajbo
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rita Andraos-Rey
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhiyan Qian
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miltos Kininis
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Moriko Ito
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nancy E. Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Hofmann
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leonid Eshkind
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Kinzel
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Mueller
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masato Murakami
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Baffert
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radimerski
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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47
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Guo BB, Linden MD, Fuller KA, Phillips M, Mirzai B, Wilson L, Chuah H, Liang J, Howman R, Grove CS, Malherbe JA, Leahy MF, Allcock RJ, Erber WN. Platelets in myeloproliferative neoplasms have a distinct transcript signature in the presence of marrow fibrosis. Br J Haematol 2019; 188:272-282. [PMID: 31426129 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Marrow fibrosis is a significant complication of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) that affects up to 20% of patients and is associated with a poor prognosis. The pathological processes that lead to fibrotic progression are not well understood, but megakaryocytes have been implicated in the process. The aim of this study was to determine whether platelets, derived from megakaryocytes, have transcriptomic alterations associated with fibrosis. Platelets from MPN patients with and without fibrosis and non-malignant control individuals were assessed using next generation sequencing. Results from the initial training cohort showed discrete changes in platelet transcripts in the presence of marrow fibrosis. We identified more than 1000 differentially expressed transcripts from which a putative 3-gene fibrotic platelet signature (CCND1, H2AX [previously termed H2AFX] and CEP55) could be identified. This fibrosis-associated signature was assessed blinded on platelets from an independent test MPN patient cohort. The 3-gene signature was able to discriminate between patients with and without marrow fibrosis with a positive predictive value of 71% (93% specificity, 71% sensitivity). This demonstrates that assessment of dysregulated transcripts in platelets may be a useful monitoring tool in MPN to identify progression to marrow fibrosis. Further, sequential monitoring could have clinical applications for early prediction of progression to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda B Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew D Linden
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Fuller
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Phillips
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Bob Mirzai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Lynne Wilson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Hun Chuah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Royal Perth Hospital, Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - James Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Department of Health Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Howman
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Department of Health Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Carolyn S Grove
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Department of Health Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jacques A Malherbe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael F Leahy
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Royal Perth Hospital, Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Richard J Allcock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Wendy N Erber
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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48
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Fuster JJ, Walsh K. Somatic Mutations and Clonal Hematopoiesis: Unexpected Potential New Drivers of Age-Related Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2019; 122:523-532. [PMID: 29420212 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that conventional cardiovascular risk factors are incompletely predictive of cardiovascular disease, particularly in elderly individuals, suggesting that there may still be unidentified causal risk factors. Although the accumulation of somatic DNA mutations is a hallmark of aging, its relevance in cardiovascular disease or other age-related conditions has been, with the exception of cancer, largely unexplored. Here, we review recent clinical and preclinical studies that have identified acquired mutations in hematopoietic stem cells and subsequent clonal hematopoiesis as a new cardiovascular risk factor and a potential major driver of atherosclerosis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the connection between somatic mutation-driven clonal hematopoiesis and cardiovascular disease will be highly relevant in the context of personalized medicine, as it may provide key information for the design of diagnostic, preventive, or therapeutic strategies tailored to the effects of specific somatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Fuster
- From the Molecular Cardiology Unit, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- From the Molecular Cardiology Unit, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
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49
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Woods B, Chen W, Chiu S, Marinaccio C, Fu C, Gu L, Bulic M, Yang Q, Zouak A, Jia S, Suraneni PK, Xu K, Levine RL, Crispino JD, Wen QJ. Activation of JAK/STAT Signaling in Megakaryocytes Sustains Myeloproliferation In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5901-5912. [PMID: 31217200 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis, are characterized by the expansion of the erythroid, megakaryocytic, and granulocytic lineages. A common feature of these disorders is the presence of abnormal megakaryocytes, which have been implicated as causative agents in the development of bone marrow fibrosis. However, the specific contributions of megakaryocytes to MPN pathogenesis remain unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used Pf4-Cre transgenic mice to drive expression of JAK2V617F in megakaryocyte lineage-committed hematopoietic cells. We also assessed the critical role of mutant megakaryocytes in MPN maintenance through cell ablation studies in JAK2V617F and MPLW515L BMT models of MPN. RESULTS JAK2V617F -mutant presence in megakaryocytes was sufficient to induce enhanced erythropoiesis and promote fibrosis, which leads to a myeloproliferative state with expansion of mutant and nonmutant hematopoietic cells. The increased erythropoiesis was associated with elevated IL6 level, which was also required for aberrant erythropoiesis in vivo. Furthermore, depletion of megakaryocytes in the JAK2V617F and MPLW515L BMT models ameliorated polycythemia and leukocytosis in addition to expected effects on megakaryopoiesis. CONCLUSIONS Our observations reveal that JAK/STAT pathway activation in megakaryocytes induces myeloproliferation and is necessary for MPN maintenance in vivo. These observations indicate that MPN clone can influence the behavior of the wild-type hematopoietic milieu, at least, in part, via altered production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our findings resonate with patients who present with a clinical MPN and a low JAK2V617F allele burden, and support the development of MPN therapies aimed at targeting megakaryocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Woods
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Center for Hematologic Malignancies and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wei Chen
- Blood Disease Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sophia Chiu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Center for Hematologic Malignancies and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Chunling Fu
- Blood Disease Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lilly Gu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Center for Hematologic Malignancies and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marinka Bulic
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qiong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Anouar Zouak
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Center for Hematologic Malignancies and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shengxian Jia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Disease Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Center for Hematologic Malignancies and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qiang Jeremy Wen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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50
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Leukemic Transformation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Therapeutic and Genomic Considerations. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2019; 13:588-595. [PMID: 30353413 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-018-0491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic, clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders marked by proliferation of one or more myeloid lineages, a substantial proportion of patients transform to acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemic transformation (LT) from a pre-existing MPN carries a dismal prognosis. Here, we review recent genetic, biological, and clinical data regarding LT. RECENT FINDINGS In the last decade, DNA sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of the genomic landscape of LT. Mutations in TP53, ASXL1, EZH2, IDH1/2, and SRSF2 are significantly associated with increased risk of LT of MPNs. Preclinical modeling of these mutations is underway and has yielded important biological insights, some of which have therapeutic implications. Recent progress has led to the identification of recurrent genomic alterations in patients with LT. This has allowed mechanistic and therapeutic insight into the process of LT. In turn, this may lead to more mechanism-based therapeutic strategies that may improve patient outcomes.
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