1
|
Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Matsuda T, Kishimoto K, Tanaka R, Tsurushima K, Ishizaka T, Nishida S. Bim downregulation by activation of NF-κB p65, Akt, and ERK1/2 is associated with adriamycin and dexamethasone resistance in multiple myeloma cells. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1597-1607. [PMID: 36451049 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) frequently acquires multidrug resistance (MDR), which is due to poor prognosis. Our previous study indicated that high expression of Survivin and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and decreased expression of Bim are associated with MDR in adriamycin- and dexamethasone-resistant cells. However, the fundamental mechanism of MDR in adriamycin- and dexamethasone-resistant MM cells is still unidentified. In this study, we examined the MDR mechanism in adriamycin- and dexamethasone-resistant cells. RPMI8226/ADM, ARH-77/ADM, RPMI8226/DEX, and ARH-77/DEX cells exhibited enhanced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation. Combination treatment with NF-κB p65, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitors resensitized to adriamycin and dexamethasone via increased Bim expression. Although treatment with MDR1 or Survivin siRNA did not overcome adriamycin and dexamethasone resistance in RPMI8226/ADM and RPMI8226/DEX cells, administration of Bim siRNA induced adriamycin and dexamethasone resistance in RPMI8226 cells. Moreover, low expression of Bim was related to poor prognosis in MM patients. These results indicate that activation of NF-κB p65, Akt, and ERK1/2 is associated with adriamycin and dexamethasone resistance via decreasing Bim expression, and these signal inhibitor combinations overcome drug resistance in MM. These findings suggest that combination treatment with these inhibitors and adriamycin or dexamethasone may be a promising therapy for adriamycin- and dexamethasone-resistant MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kana Kishimoto
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Remi Tanaka
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Tsurushima
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, 593-8304, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ishizaka
- Department of Pharmacy, Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, 593-8304, Japan
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaloni D, Diepstraten ST, Strasser A, Kelly GL. BCL-2 protein family: attractive targets for cancer therapy. Apoptosis 2023; 28:20-38. [PMID: 36342579 PMCID: PMC9950219 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. The BCL-2 protein family members play important roles in controlling apoptotic cell death. Abnormal over-expression of pro-survival BCL-2 family members or abnormal reduction of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, both resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis, are frequently detected in diverse malignancies. The critical role of the pro-survival and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins in the regulation of apoptosis makes them attractive targets for the development of agents for the treatment of cancer. This review describes the roles of the various pro-survival and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 protein family in normal development and organismal function and how defects in the control of apoptosis promote the development and therapy resistance of cancer. Finally, we discuss the development of inhibitors of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins, termed BH3-mimetic drugs, as novel agents for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Kaloni
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Sarah T Diepstraten
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wyżewski Z, Mielcarska MB, Gregorczyk-Zboroch KP, Myszka A. Virus-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis in the Context of EBV-Associated Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137265. [PMID: 35806271 PMCID: PMC9266970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the representative of the Herpesviridae family, is a pathogen extensively distributed in the human population. One of its most characteristic features is the capability to establish latent infection in the host. The infected cells serve as a sanctuary for the dormant virus, and therefore their desensitization to apoptotic stimuli is part of the viral strategy for long-term survival. For this reason, EBV encodes a set of anti-apoptotic products. They may increase the viability of infected cells and enhance their resistance to chemotherapy, thereby contributing to the development of EBV-associated diseases, including Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), gastric cancer (GC), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and several other malignancies. In this paper, we have described the molecular mechanism of anti-apoptotic actions of a set of EBV proteins. Moreover, we have reviewed the pro-survival role of non-coding viral transcripts: EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), in EBV-carrying malignant cells. The influence of EBV on the expression, activity and/or intracellular distribution of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein family members, has been presented. Finally, we have also discussed therapeutic perspectives of targeting viral anti-apoptotic products or their molecular partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Wyżewski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-728-208-338
| | - Matylda Barbara Mielcarska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.M.); (K.P.G.-Z.)
| | | | - Anna Myszka
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Diepstraten ST, Anderson MA, Czabotar PE, Lessene G, Strasser A, Kelly GL. The manipulation of apoptosis for cancer therapy using BH3-mimetic drugs. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:45-64. [PMID: 34663943 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is regulated by the balance between prosurvival and proapoptotic BCL-2 protein family members. Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer that arises when this balance is tipped in favour of survival. One form of anticancer therapeutic, termed 'BH3-mimetic drugs', has been developed to directly activate the apoptosis machinery in malignant cells. These drugs bind to and inhibit specific prosurvival BCL-2 family proteins, thereby mimicking their interaction with the BH3 domains of proapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins. The BCL-2-specific inhibitor venetoclax is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and many regulatory authorities worldwide for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia. BH3-mimetic drugs targeting other BCL-2 prosurvival proteins have been tested in preclinical models of cancer, and drugs targeting MCL-1 or BCL-XL have advanced into phase I clinical trials for certain cancers. As with all therapeutics, efficacy and tolerability need to be carefully balanced to achieve a therapeutic window whereby there is significant anticancer activity with an acceptable safety profile. In this Review, we outline the current state of BH3-mimetic drugs targeting various prosurvival BCL-2 family proteins and discuss emerging data regarding primary and acquired resistance to these agents and approaches that may overcome this. We highlight issues that need to be addressed to further advance the clinical application of BH3-mimetic drugs, both alone and in combination with additional anticancer agents (for example, standard chemotherapeutic drugs or inhibitors of oncogenic kinases), for improved responses in patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Diepstraten
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Ann Anderson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Senichkin VV, Pervushin NV, Zuev AP, Zhivotovsky B, Kopeina GS. Targeting Bcl-2 Family Proteins: What, Where, When? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1210-1226. [PMID: 33202206 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the Bcl-2 family are known as regulators of apoptosis, one of the most studied forms of programmed cell death. The Bcl-2 protein family is represented by both pro- and antiapoptotic members. Antiapoptotic proteins are often exploited by tumor cells to avoid their death, thus playing an important role in carcinogenesis and in acquisition of resistance to various therapeutic agents. Therefore, antiapoptotic proteins represent attractive targets for cancer therapy. A detailed investigation of interactions between Bcl-2 family proteins resulted in the development of highly selective inhibitors of individual antiapoptotic members. These agents are currently being actively studied at the preclinical and clinical stages and represent a promising therapeutic strategy, which is highlighted by approval of venetoclax, a selective inhibitor of Bcl-2, for medical use. Meanwhile, inhibition of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins has significant therapeutic potential that is yet to be revealed. In the coming era of precision medicine, a detailed study of the mechanisms responsible for the sensitivity or resistance of tumor cells to various therapeutic agents, as well as the search for the most effective combinations, is of great importance. Here, we discuss mechanisms of how the Bcl-2 family proteins function, principles of their inhibition by small molecules, success of this approach in cancer therapy, and, eventually, biochemical features that can be exploited to improve the use of Bcl-2 family inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Senichkin
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - N V Pervushin
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - A P Zuev
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - G S Kopeina
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fairlie WD, Lee EF. Co-Operativity between MYC and BCL-2 Pro-Survival Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2841. [PMID: 33799592 PMCID: PMC8000576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), c-MYC and related proteins are arguably amongst the most widely studied in all of biology. Every year there are thousands of papers reporting on different aspects of their biochemistry, cellular and physiological mechanisms and functions. This plethora of literature can be attributed to both proteins playing essential roles in the normal functioning of a cell, and by extension a whole organism, but also due to their central role in disease, most notably, cancer. Many cancers arise due to genetic lesions resulting in deregulation of both proteins, and indeed the development and survival of tumours is often dependent on co-operativity between these protein families. In this review we will discuss the individual roles of both proteins in cancer, describe cancers where co-operativity between them has been well-characterised and finally, some strategies to target these proteins therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Erinna F. Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie G, Zhu A, Gu X. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition-induced modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2021; 43:1721-1729. [PMID: 33533173 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is one of the most notable characteristics in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib has shown efficacy to treat HNSCC; however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS HNSCC lines, mouse models, Western blot, and flow cytometry were employed to analyze the anticancer effects of trametinib. RESULTS The JHU-011, JHU-022, and JHU-029 HNSCC cells with different genetic alterations were highly susceptible to trametinib. Trametinib effectively reduced EGFR expression, which was accompanied by the reduction of pro-survival protein MYC, and the increased expression of a MYC-targeted cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 and pro-apoptotic protein BIM. Trametinib resulted in G1 arrest of the cells, markedly reduced cell numbers in S phase, and significantly increased apoptosis. In mouse models, trametinib strongly inhibited tumors growth. CONCLUSIONS The MAPK-ERK signaling inhibition by trametinib may target EGFR and the downstream proteins against HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Xie
- Department of Oral Pathology, Howard University College of Dentistry, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Cancer Center, Howard University College of Dentistry, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ailin Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Howard University College of Dentistry, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xinbin Gu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Howard University College of Dentistry, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Cancer Center, Howard University College of Dentistry, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arulananda S, Lee EF, Fairlie WD, John T. The role of BCL-2 family proteins and therapeutic potential of BH3-mimetics in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 21:413-424. [PMID: 33238762 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1856660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: With limited recent therapeutic changes, malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is associated with poor survival and death within 12 months, making it one of the most lethal malignancies. Due to unregulated asbestos use in developing countries and home renovation exposures, cases of MPM are likely to present for decades. As MPM is largely driven by dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes, researchers have examined other mechanisms of subverting tumor proliferation and spread. Over-expression of pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins impairs cells from undergoing apoptosis, and BH3-mimetics targeting them are a novel treatment option across various cancers, though have not been widely investigated in MPM.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of MPM and its current treatment landscape. It summarizes the role of BCL-2 family proteins in tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential of BH3-mimetics . Finally, it discusses the role of BCL-2 proteins in MPM and the pre-clinical rationale for investigating BH3-mimetics as a therapeutic strategy.Expert opinion: As a disease without readily actionable oncogene driver mutations and with modest benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition, novel therapeutic options are urgently needed for MPM. Hence, BH3-mimetics provide a promising treatment option, with evidence supporting dependence on pro-survival BCL-2 proteins for MPM cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surein Arulananda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas John
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barillé-Nion S, Lohard S, Juin PP. Targeting of BCL-2 Family Members during Anticancer Treatment: A Necessary Compromise between Individual Cell and Ecosystemic Responses? Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1109. [PMID: 32722518 PMCID: PMC7464802 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between BCL-2 homologues and pro-death counterparts frequently noted in cancer cells endows them with a cell autonomous survival advantage. To eradicate ectopic cells, inhibitors of these homologues (BH3 mimetics) were developed to trigger, during anticancer treatment, full activation of the canonical mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and related caspases. Despite efficiency in some clinical settings, these compounds do not completely fulfill their initial promise. We herein put forth that a growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial integrity, controlled by BCL-2 family proteins, and downstream caspases regulate other cell death modes and influence extracellular signaling by committed cells. Moreover, intercellular communications play a key role in spreading therapeutic response across cancer cell populations and in engaging an immune response. We thus advocate that BH3 mimetics administration would be more efficient in the long term if it did not induce apoptosis in all sensitive cells at the same time, but if it could instead allow (or trigger) death signal production by non-terminally committed dying cell populations. The development of such a trade-off strategy requires to unravel the effects of BH3 mimetics not only on each individual cancer cell but also on homotypic and heterotypic cell interactions in dynamic tumor ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Barillé-Nion
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), INSERMU1232, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France; (S.B.-N.); (S.L.)
- SIRIC ILIAD, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Steven Lohard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), INSERMU1232, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France; (S.B.-N.); (S.L.)
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Philippe P. Juin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), INSERMU1232, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France; (S.B.-N.); (S.L.)
- SIRIC ILIAD, 44000 Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 15 Rue André Boquel, 49055 Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Li S, Lin S, Fu S, Qiu L, Ding K, Liang K, Du H. B-cell lymphoma 2 family genes show a molecular pattern of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in gynaecologic and breast cancer. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12826. [PMID: 32419250 PMCID: PMC7309952 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives BCL2 family proteins have been widely studied over the past decade due to their essential roles in apoptosis, oncogenesis and anti‐cancer therapy. However, the similarities and differences in the spatial pattern of the BCL2 gene family within the context of chromatin have not been well characterized. We sought to fill this knowledge gap by assessing correlations between gene alteration, gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and clinical outcomes in gynaecologic and breast cancer. Materials and methods In this study, the molecular characteristics of the BCL2 gene family in gynaecologic cancer were systematically analysed by integrating multi‐omics datasets, including transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility, copy number variation, methylomics and clinical outcome. Results We evaluated spatiotemporal associations between long‐range regulation peaks and tumour heterogeneity. Differential expression of the BCL2 family was coupled with widespread chromatin accessibility changes in gynaecologic cancer, accompanied by highly heterogeneous distal non‐coding accessibility surrounding the BCL2L1 gene loci. A relationship was also identified between gene expression, gene amplification, enhancer signatures, DNA methylation and overall patient survival. Prognostic analysis implied clinical correlations with BAD, BIK and BAK1. A shared protein regulatory network was established in which the co‐mutation signature of TP53 and PIK3CA was linked to the BCL2L1 gene. Conclusions Our results provide the first systematic identification of the molecular features of the BCL2 family under the spatial pattern of chromatin in gynaecologic and breast cancer. These findings broaden the therapeutic scope of the BCL2 family to the non‐coding region by including a significantly conserved distal region overlaying an enhancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajian Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sidi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shudai Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Fu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Qiu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keying Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fitzsimmons L, Cartlidge R, Chang C, Sejic N, Galbraith LCA, Suraweera CD, Croom-Carter D, Dewson G, Tierney RJ, Bell AI, Shannon-Lowe C, Herold MJ, Rickinson AB, Colman PM, Huang DCS, Strasser A, Kvansakul M, Rowe M, Kelly GL. EBV BCL-2 homologue BHRF1 drives chemoresistance and lymphomagenesis by inhibiting multiple cellular pro-apoptotic proteins. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1554-1568. [PMID: 31645677 PMCID: PMC7206097 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is ubiquitous in the adult population, is causally associated with human malignancies. Like many infectious agents, EBV has evolved strategies to block host cell death, including through expression of viral homologues of cellular BCL-2 pro-survival proteins (vBCL-2s), such as BHRF1. Small molecule inhibitors of the cellular pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins, termed 'BH3-mimetics', have entered clinical trials for blood cancers with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax already approved for treatment of therapy refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia in the elderly. The generation of BH3-mimetics that could specifically target vBCL-2 proteins may be an attractive therapeutic option for virus-associated cancers, since these drugs would be expected to only kill virally infected cells with only minimal side effects on normal healthy tissues. To achieve this, a better understanding of the contribution of vBCL-2 proteins to tumorigenesis and insights into their biochemical functions is needed. In the context of Burkitt lymphoma (BL), BHRF1 expression conferred strong resistance to diverse apoptotic stimuli. Furthermore, BHRF1 expression in mouse haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells accelerated MYC-induced lymphoma development in a model of BL. BHRF1 interacts with the cellular pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins, BIM, BID, PUMA and BAK, but its capability to inhibit apoptosis could not be mapped solely to one of these interactions, suggesting plasticity is a key feature of BHRF1. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed a site in BHRF1 that was critical for its interaction with PUMA and blocking DNA-damage-induced apoptosis, identifying a potentially therapeutically targetable vulnerability in BHRF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Fitzsimmons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Rachel Cartlidge
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Catherine Chang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Nenad Sejic
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Laura C A Galbraith
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Chathura D Suraweera
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Deborah Croom-Carter
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Grant Dewson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Rosemary J Tierney
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew I Bell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare Shannon-Lowe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Alan B Rickinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter M Colman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - David C S Huang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Martin Rowe
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li KP, Ladle BH, Kurtulus S, Sholl A, Shanmuganad S, Hildeman DA. T-cell receptor signal strength and epigenetic control of Bim predict memory CD8 + T-cell fate. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1214-1224. [PMID: 31558776 PMCID: PMC7206134 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most effector CD8+ T cells die, while some persist and become either "effector" (TEM) or "central" (TCM) memory T cells. Paradoxically, effector CD8+ T cells with greater memory potential have higher levels of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bim. Here, we report, using a novel Bim-mCherry knock-in mouse, that cells with high levels of Bim preferentially develop into TCM cells. Bim levels remained stable and were regulated by DNA methylation at the Bim promoter. Notably, high levels of Bcl-2 were required for Bimhi cells to survive. Using Nur77-GFP mice as an indicator of TCR signal strength, Nur77 levels correlated with Bim expression and Nur77hi cells also selectively developed into TCM cells. Altogether, these data show that Bim levels and TCR signal strength are predictive of TEM- vs. TCM-cell fate. Further, given the many other biologic functions of Bim, these mice will have broad utility beyond CD8+ T-cell fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Po Li
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Brian H Ladle
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans Street, The Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center Building, 11th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sema Kurtulus
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Allyson Sholl
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights the importance of the Bcl-2 family members in lymphoma cell survival and discusses the approaches to modulate their function, directly or indirectly, to advance lymphoma therapeutics. RECENT FINDINGS The balance of cell death versus survival is ultimately leveraged at the mitochondria. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is the critical event that governs the release of pro-apoptotic molecules from the intermembrane mitochondrial space. MOMP is achieved through the coordinated actions of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member proteins. Recognition of functional alterations among the Bcl-2 family member proteins led to identification of tractable targets to combat hematologic malignancies. A new class of drugs, termed BH3 mimetics, was introduced in the clinic. Venetoclax, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, received regulatory approvals in therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Alternative pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins, in particular Mcl-1, have been successfully targeted in preclinical studies using novel-specific BH3 mimetics. Finally, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members may be targeted indirectly, via interference with the pro-survival signaling pathways, e.g., phosphoinotiside-3 kinase, B-cell receptor signaling, and NF-κB.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mei X, Chen Y, Gan D, Chen Y, Wang L, Cao Y, Wu Z, Liu W, Zhao C, Lin M, Yang T, Hu J. Effect of nucleolin on adriamycin resistance via the regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22666-22674. [PMID: 31127617 PMCID: PMC6771757 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL, C23) is an important nucleocytoplasmic multifunctional protein. Due to its multifaceted profile and high expression in cancer, NCL is considered to be a marker of drug resistance associated with chemotherapy. However, the biochemical mechanisms in which NCL suppresses drug sensitivity in several cancers have yet to be fully elucidated. This study aims to explore the effect of NCL on drug sensitivity and its potential mechanism in CA46 Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells. CA46 BL cells were transfected with lentiviruses carrying the NCL gene (CA46-NCL-overexpression, CA46-NCL-OE), or shRNA sequences that target the endogenous NCL gene (CA46-NCL-knockdown, CA46-NCL-KD). Adriamycin (ADM) IC50 levels for CA46-NCL-overexpressed (OE), CA46-NCL-OE control (OEC), CA46-NCL-knockdown (KD), and CA46-NCL-KD control (KDC) cells were 0.68 ± 0.06 μg/ml, 0.68 ± 0.06 μg/ml, 0.68 ± 0.06 μg/ml, and 0.30 ± 0.04 μg/ml, respectively. Apoptosis rates were significantly increased following NCL KD, whereas the opposite effect was noted in OE cells. A significant reduction of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) mRNA and protein levels in KD cells was observed, while OE cells displayed the opposite effect. The stability of Bcl-2 mRNA was influenced by NCL levels, the half-life of which was extended after NCL-OE, whereas it was reduced in KD cells. Finally, results of RNA-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that NCL could bind to Bcl-2 mRNA in CA46 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that NCL could mediate Bcl-2 expression and stability, and thus enhance ADM resistance in CA46 BL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiao Mei
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Affiliated Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital, Fujian Medical UniversityZhangzhouFujianChina
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Donghui Gan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityPutianFujianChina
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Yanqin Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Weijuan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Chenxing Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Minhui Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Ting Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of HematologyFujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han X, Li Q, Liu C, Wang C, Li Y. Overexpression miR-24-3p repressed Bim expression to confer tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12966-12976. [PMID: 31001849 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy resistance represents a major challenge to the successful treatment of patients with breast cancer. The development of tamoxifen resistance commonly occurrs during the treatment of patients with breast cancer whereas its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we found that miR-24-3p regulated tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Forced overexpression of miR-24-3p augmented tamoxifen-induced cell viability inhibition in breast cancer cells, while knockdown of miR-24-3p partially attenuated the cytotoxicity effect of tamoxifen. Moreover, we discovered Bim as a target gene of miR-24-3p in breast cancer cells by RNA immunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and dual luciferase reporter assay. In our established tamoxifen resistant MCF7 cell line (MCF7/TAM), there was a significant elevation of miR-24-3p and decrease of BIM expression compared with parental MCF7 cells. In addition, the inhibition of miR-24-3p could reverse the tamoxifen resistance of MCF7/TAM cells by the induction of cell apoptosis. Silencing of Bim expression blocked miR-24-3p inhibitor-induced elevation of tamoxifen sensitivity of MCF7/TAM cells. Using tumor tissues from patients with breast cancer, we also found that the expression of miR-24-3p was negatively correlated with Bim mRNA expression. Collectively, our study highlighted the pivotal role of miR-24-3p overexpression in mediating the development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer and suggested miR-24-3p might be a predictor or target for patients with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaobei Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinyan Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nehme Z, Pasquereau S, Herbein G. Control of viral infections by epigenetic-targeted therapy. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:55. [PMID: 30917875 PMCID: PMC6437953 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is defined as the science that studies the modifications of gene expression that are not owed to mutations or changes in the genetic sequence. Recently, strong evidences are pinpointing toward a solid interplay between such epigenetic alterations and the outcome of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Guided by the previous possibly promising experimental trials of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epigenetic reprogramming, the latter is paving the road toward two major approaches to control viral gene expression or latency. Reactivating HCMV from the latent phase ("shock and kill" paradigm) or alternatively repressing the virus lytic and reactivation phases ("block and lock" paradigm) by epigenetic-targeted therapy represent encouraging options to overcome latency and viral shedding or otherwise replication and infectivity, which could lead eventually to control the infection and its complications. Not limited to HIV and HCMV, this concept is similarly studied in the context of hepatitis B and C virus, herpes simplex virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Therefore, epigenetic manipulations stand as a pioneering research area in modern biology and could constitute a curative methodology by potentially consenting the development of broad-spectrum antivirals to control viral infections in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Nehme
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
- Université Libanaise, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sébastien Pasquereau
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
- Department of Virology, CHRU Besancon, F-25030 Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou X, Zhu A, Gu X, Xie G. Inhibition of MEK suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth through independent MYC and BIM regulation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:369-380. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
19
|
Adams CM, Clark-Garvey S, Porcu P, Eischen CM. Targeting the Bcl-2 Family in B Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2019; 8:636. [PMID: 30671383 PMCID: PMC6331425 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although lymphoma is a very heterogeneous group of biologically complex malignancies, tumor cells across all B cell lymphoma subtypes share a set of underlying traits that promote the development and sustain malignant B cells. One of these traits, the ability to evade apoptosis, is essential for lymphoma development. Alterations in the Bcl-2 family of proteins, the key regulators of apoptosis, is a hallmark of B cell lymphoma. Significant efforts have been made over the last 30 years to advance knowledge of the biology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of targeting Bcl-2 family members. In this review, we will highlight the complexities of the Bcl-2 family, including our recent discovery of overexpression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bcl-w in lymphomas, and describe recent advances in the field that include the development of inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members for the treatment of B cell lymphomas and their performance in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Adams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sean Clark-Garvey
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Tomonari Y, Koumoto YI, Imano M, Satou T, Nishida S. Overexpression of HIF-1α contributes to melphalan resistance in multiple myeloma cells by activation of ERK1/2, Akt, and NF-κB. J Transl Med 2019; 99:72-84. [PMID: 30353128 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) commonly displays multidrug resistance and is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, it is important to identify the mechanisms by which MM cells develop multidrug resistance. Our previous study showed that multidrug resistance is correlated with overexpression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and Survivin, and downregulation of Bim expression in melphalan-resistant RPMI8226/L-PAM cells; however, the underlying mechanism of multidrug resistance remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of multidrug resistance in melphalan-resistant cells. We found that RPMI8226/L-PAM and ARH-77/L-PAM cells showed increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt, and nuclear localization of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The combination of ERK1/2, Akt, and NF-κB inhibitors with melphalan reversed melphalan resistance via suppression of Survivin expression and enhanced Bim expression in melphalan-resistant cells. In addition, RPMI8226/L-PAM and ARH-77/L-PAM cells overexpressed hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) via activation of ERK1/2, Akt, and NF-κB. Moreover, suppression of HIF-1α by echinomycin or HIF-1α siRNA resensitized RPMI8226/L-PAM cells to melphalan through downregulation of Survivin expression and upregulation of Bim expression. These results indicate that enhanced Survivin expression and decreased Bim expression by HIF-1α via activation of ERK1/2, Akt, and NF-κB play a critical role in melphalan resistance. Our findings suggest that HIF-1α, ERK1/2, Akt, and NF-κB inhibitors are potentially useful as anti-MDR agents for the treatment of melphalan-resistant MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshika Tomonari
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Koumoto
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Imano
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Satou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li QC, Xu H, Wang X, Wang T, Wu J. miR-34a increases cisplatin sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells in vitro through up-regulation of c-Myc and Bim signal. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:135-144. [PMID: 29060932 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy in bone. Patients who respond poorly to induction chemotherapy are at higher risk of adverse prognosis. The molecular basis for such poor prognosis remains unclear. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested decreased expression of miR-34a is observed in a number of cancer types, including human osteosarcoma, and decreased miR-34a is involved in drug resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of decreased miR-34a on cisplatin chemoresistance in osteosarcoma has not been reported. METHODS Osteosarcoma U2OS cells were transfected with miR-34a mimics for 48 h, then the cells were treated with 3.0 μm cisplatin for 24 h. Using siRNA targeting c-Myc and Bim to examine the relation between miR-34a, c-Myc and Bim expression exposure to cisplatin on cisplatin-induced apoptosis. RESULTS Treatment of U2OS cells with cisplatin induced cell apoptosis by upregulation of c-Myc -dependent Bim expression; Osteosarcoma U2OS cells transfected with miR-34a mimics (miR-34a/U2OS) induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell survival, and increased the sensitivity of U2OS cells to cisplatin. U2OS cells transfected with miR-34a mimics upregulated the protein expression of c-Myc and Bim. Targeting c-Myc downregulated the expression of Bim in the miR-34a/U2OS cells. In addition, Targeting Bim reversed the chemeresistance of miR-34a/U2OS cells to cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that miR-34a enhanced the sensitivity to cisplatin by upregulation of c-Myc and Bim pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Cai Li
- Department of Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Department of Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Hemopurification Center, Yantaiyuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.,Department of Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Department of Traumatology, The Central Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Hemopurification Center, Yantaiyuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karakas B, Ozmay Y, Basaga H, Gul O, Kutuk O. Distinct apoptotic blocks mediate resistance to panHER inhibitors in HER2+ breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1073-1087. [PMID: 29733883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of novel targeted therapies, de novo or acquired chemoresistance remains a significant factor for treatment failure in breast cancer therapeutics. Neratinib and dacomitinib are irreversible panHER inhibitors, which block their autophosphorylation and downstream signaling. Moreover, neratinib and dacomitinib have been shown to activate cell death in HER2-overexpressing cell lines. Here we showed that increased MCL1 and decreased BIM and PUMA mediated resistance to neratinib in ZR-75-30 and SKBR3 cells while increased BCL-XL and BCL-2 and decreased BIM and PUMA promoted neratinib resistance in BT474 cells. Cells were also cross-resistant to dacomitinib. BH3 profiles of HER2+ breast cancer cells efficiently predicted antiapoptotic protein dependence and development of resistance to panHER inhibitors. Reactivation of ERK1/2 was primarily responsible for acquired resistance in SKBR3 and ZR-75-30 cells. Adding specific ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984 to neratinib or dacomitinib led to increased apoptotic response in neratinib-resistant SKBR3 and ZR-75-30 cells, but we did not detect a similar response in neratinib-resistant BT474 cells. Accordingly, suppression of BCL-2/BCL-XL by ABT-737 was required in addition to ERK1/2 inhibition for neratinib- or dacomitinib-induced apoptosis in neratinib-resistant BT474 cells. Our results showed that different mitochondrial apoptotic blocks mediated acquired panHER inhibitor resistance in HER2+ breast cancer cell lines as well as highlighted the potential of BH3 profiling assay in prediction of panHER inhibitor resistance in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahriye Karakas
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Ozmay
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Genetics, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Huveyda Basaga
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Gul
- Bilgi University, Dept. of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Genetics, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao M, Zhang Y, Li J, Li X, Cheng N, Wang Q, Cai W, Zhao C, He Y, Chang J, Zhou C. Histone deacetylation, as opposed to promoter methylation, results in epigenetic BIM silencing and resistance to EGFR TKI in NSCLC. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1089-1096. [PMID: 29399169 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major challenge in epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy. Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM), a B-cell lymphoma 2 family pro-apoptotic protein, is a prime target for specific anti-cancer therapeutics. However, the epigenetic regulation of BIM in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and patients with NSCLC in association with EGFR-TKI resistance requires investigation. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP), pyrosequencing, and nested quantitative (q)-MSP were conducted to explore the methylation status of BIM in NSCLC cell lines. In addition, the methylation profile of BIM in patients with NSCLC was assessed by nested q-MSP using circulating free DNA. Cell lines, treated with methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA) or histone deacetylation inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) prior to gefitinib treatment, were examined for BIM gene expression and resistance to gefitinib. All cell lines used in the present study presented with hypo-methylated BIM. Treatment with AZA had no effect on BIM RNA expression in PC9 cells or the gefitinib-resistant cell lines PC9/R and PC9/G2, nor did it reverse their resistance to gefitinib. In contrast, TSA treatment produced the opposite result. In the present study, 25 (78.1%) patients with hypo-methylated BIM and 7 patients (21.9%) with partial or hyper-methylated BIM were identified. The clinicopathological data revealed a random hypo-methylated BIM distribution amongst patients with NSCLC. In the overall study group and EGFR mutant group, hypo-methylated BIM carriers presented with no significant differences in progression free survival compared with patients with partial or hyper-methylated BIM. All cell lines in the present study and the majority of patients with NSCLC carried hypo-methylated BIM. Histone deacetylation, as opposed to promoter methylation, may contribute to the epigenetic silencing of BIM and lead to EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yishi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Weijing Cai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Chang
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li Y, Deutzmann A, Choi PS, Fan AC, Felsher DW. BIM mediates oncogene inactivation-induced apoptosis in multiple transgenic mouse models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 7:26926-34. [PMID: 27095570 PMCID: PMC5053622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogene inactivation in both clinical targeted therapies and conditional transgenic mouse cancer models can induce significant tumor regression associated with the robust induction of apoptosis. Here we report that in MYC-, RAS-, and BCR-ABL-induced acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), apoptosis upon oncogene inactivation is mediated by the same pro-apoptotic protein, BIM. The induction of BIMin the MYC- and RAS-driven leukemia is mediated by the downregulation of miR-17-92. Overexpression of miR-17-92 blocked the induction of apoptosis upon oncogene inactivation in the MYC and RAS-driven but not in the BCR-ABL-driven ALL leukemia. Hence, our results provide novel insight into the mechanism of apoptosis upon oncogene inactivation and suggest that induction of BIM-mediated apoptosis may be an important therapeutic approach for ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Anja Deutzmann
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter S Choi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Alice C Fan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Adams JM, Cory S. The BCL-2 arbiters of apoptosis and their growing role as cancer targets. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:27-36. [PMID: 29099483 PMCID: PMC5729526 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired apoptosis plays a central role in cancer development and limits the efficacy of conventional cytotoxic therapies. Deepening understanding of how opposing factions of the BCL-2 protein family switch on apoptosis and of their structures has driven development of a new class of cancer drugs that targets various pro-survival members by mimicking their natural inhibitors, the BH3-only proteins. These ‘BH3 mimetic’ drugs seem destined to become powerful new weapons in the arsenal against cancer. Successful clinical trials of venetoclax/ABT-199, a specific inhibitor of BCL-2, have led to its approval for a refractory form of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and to scores of on-going trials for other malignancies. Furthermore, encouraging preclinical studies of BH3 mimetics that target other BCL-2 pro-survival members, particularly MCL-1, offer promise for cancers resistant to venetoclax. This review sketches the impact of the BCL-2 family on cancer development and therapy, describes how interactions of family members trigger apoptosis and discusses the potential of BH3 mimetic drugs to advance cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry M Adams
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Suzanne Cory
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim BW, Cho H, Ylaya K, Kitano H, Chung JY, Hewitt SM, Kim JH. Bcl-2-like Protein 11 (BIM) Expression Is Associated with Favorable Prognosis for Patients with Cervical Cancer. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:4873-4879. [PMID: 28870908 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM) is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family. BIM elicits cell death by binding to pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. Even though the association of BIM expression with cell death has been investigated, its clinical survival significance in cervical cancer has not. In the current study, the prognostic significance of BIM in cervical cancer was investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included normal cervical tissues (n=254), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) tissues (n=275), and invasive cervical cancer (n=164). In order to identify BIM expression, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed, and IHC scoring by quantitative digital image analysis was determined. Then, the association of BIM with prognostic factors was investigated. RESULTS BIM expression was higher in cervical cancer than normal cervical tissues (p<0.001). Well and moderate differentiation indicated higher BIM expression than did poor differentiation (p=0.001). Also, BIM expression was high in radiation-sensitive cervical cancer relative to radiation-resistant cancer (p=0.049). High BIM expression showed better 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates (p=0.049 and π=0.030, respectively) than did low expression. In a multivariate analysis, BIM was shown to be an independent risk factor for DFS and OS in cervical cancer, with hazard ratios of 0.22 (p=0.006) and 0.46 (p=0.046), respectively. CONCLUSION BIM is associated with favorable prognostic markers for prediction of DFS and OS in cervical cancer. High BIM expression is a potential prognostic marker as well as a chemotherapeutic target for cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wook Kim
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kris Ylaya
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Haruhisa Kitano
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sarosiek KA, Letai A. Directly targeting the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis for cancer therapy using BH3 mimetics - recent successes, current challenges and future promise. FEBS J 2017; 283:3523-3533. [PMID: 26996748 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis within cancer cells is controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins, making them powerful arbiters of cell fate in response to stress induced by neoplastic transformation as well as exposure to anti-cancer therapies. Many cancers evade pro-apoptotic stress signals by up-regulating anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL-2, BCL-XL or MCL-1 to maintain their survival. However, this may come at a cost, as these cancers may also become dependent on these anti-apoptotic proteins for survival. The development and deployment of BCL-2 family inhibitors (drugs that mimic the activity of pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins or 'BH3 mimetics') is based on this paradigm, and the first potent and specific molecules are now being evaluated in clinical trials. We review the recent successes in this field, the challenges currently being faced, and the promising future ahead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A Sarosiek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lack of association between deletion polymorphism of BIM gene and in vitro drug sensitivity in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2017. [PMID: 28641145 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A deletion polymorphism in the BIM gene was identified as an intrinsic mechanism for resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in chronic myeloid leukemia patients in East Asia. BIM is also involved in the responses to glucocorticoid and chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), suggesting a possible association between deletion polymorphism of BIM and the chemosensitivity of ALL. Thus, we analyzed 72 B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL cell lines established from Japanese patients. Indeed, higher BIM gene expression was associated with good in vitro sensitivities to glucocorticoid and chemotherapeutic agents used in induction therapy. We also analyzed the methylation status of the BIM gene promoter by next generation sequencing of genome bisulfite PCR products, since genetic polymorphism could be insignificant when epigenetically inactivated. Hypermethylation of the BIM gene promoter was associated with lower BIM gene expression and poorer sensitivity to vincristine. Of note, however, the prevalence of a deletion polymorphism was not associated with the BIM gene expression level or drug sensitivities in BCP-ALL cell lines, in which the BIM gene was unmethylated. These observations suggest that an association of a deletion polymorphism of BIM and the response to induction therapy in BCP-ALL may be clinically minimal.
Collapse
|
29
|
Carter MJ, Cox KL, Blakemore SJ, Turaj AH, Oldham RJ, Dahal LN, Tannheimer S, Forconi F, Packham G, Cragg MS. PI3Kδ inhibition elicits anti-leukemic effects through Bim-dependent apoptosis. Leukemia 2017; 31:1423-1433. [PMID: 27843137 PMCID: PMC5467045 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PI3Kδ plays pivotal roles in the maintenance, proliferation and survival of malignant B-lymphocytes. Although not curative, PI3Kδ inhibitors (PI3Kδi) demonstrate impressive clinical efficacy and, alongside other signaling inhibitors, are revolutionizing the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, only limited in vivo data are available regarding their mechanism of action. With the rising number of novel treatments, the challenge is to identify combinations that deliver curative regimes. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism is required to guide these selections. Currently, immunomodulation, inhibition of B-cell receptor signaling, chemokine/cytokine signaling and apoptosis represent potential therapeutic mechanisms for PI3Kδi. Here we characterize the molecular mechanisms responsible for PI3Kδi-induced apoptosis in an in vivo model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In vitro, PI3Kδi-induced substantive apoptosis and disrupted microenvironment-derived signaling in murine (Eμ-Tcl1) and human (CLL) leukemia cells. Furthermore, PI3Kδi imparted significant therapeutic responses in Eμ-Tcl1-bearing animals and enhanced anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy. Responses correlated with upregulation of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim. Accordingly, Bim-/- Eμ-Tcl1 Tg leukemias demonstrated resistance to PI3Kδi-induced apoptosis were refractory to PI3Kδi in vivo and failed to display combination efficacy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy. Therefore, Bim-dependent apoptosis represents a key in vivo therapeutic mechanism for PI3Kδi, both alone and in combination therapy regimes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/genetics
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Carter
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - K L Cox
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - S J Blakemore
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A H Turaj
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - R J Oldham
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - L N Dahal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - F Forconi
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li KP, Shanmuganad S, Carroll K, Katz JD, Jordan MB, Hildeman DA. Dying to protect: cell death and the control of T-cell homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2017; 277:21-43. [PMID: 28462527 PMCID: PMC5416827 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in immune responses as they specifically recognize peptide/MHC complexes with their T-cell receptors and initiate adaptive immune responses. While T cells are critical for performing appropriate effector functions and maintaining immune memory, they also can cause autoimmunity or neoplasia if misdirected or dysregulated. Thus, T cells must be tightly regulated from their development onward. Maintenance of appropriate T-cell homeostasis is essential to promote protective immunity and limit autoimmunity and neoplasia. This review will focus on the role of cell death in maintenance of T-cell homeostasis and outline novel therapeutic strategies tailored to manipulate cell death to limit T-cell survival (eg, autoimmunity and transplantation) or enhance T-cell survival (eg, vaccination and immune deficiency).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Po Li
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kaitlin Carroll
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Katz
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael B. Jordan
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Delbridge ARD, Pang SHM, Vandenberg CJ, Grabow S, Aubrey BJ, Tai L, Herold MJ, Strasser A. RAG-induced DNA lesions activate proapoptotic BIM to suppress lymphomagenesis in p53-deficient mice. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2039-48. [PMID: 27621418 PMCID: PMC5030795 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Delbridge, Strasser, and collaborators show that potentially oncogenic RAG1/2-dependent DNA lesions trigger apoptosis through the induction of BIM, which functions as an efficient tumor suppressor. Neoplastic transformation is driven by oncogenic lesions that facilitate unrestrained cell expansion and resistance to antiproliferative signals. These oncogenic DNA lesions, acquired through errors in DNA replication, gene recombination, or extrinsically imposed damage, are thought to activate multiple tumor suppressive pathways, particularly apoptotic cell death. DNA damage induces apoptosis through well-described p53-mediated induction of PUMA and NOXA. However, loss of both these mediators (even together with defects in p53-mediated induction of cell cycle arrest and cell senescence) does not recapitulate the tumor susceptibility observed in p53−/− mice. Thus, potentially oncogenic DNA lesions are likely to also trigger apoptosis through additional, p53-independent processes. We found that loss of the BH3-only protein BIM accelerated lymphoma development in p53-deficient mice. This process was negated by concomitant loss of RAG1/2-mediated antigen receptor gene rearrangement. This demonstrates that BIM is critical for the induction of apoptosis caused by potentially oncogenic DNA lesions elicited by RAG1/2-induced gene rearrangement. Furthermore, this highlights the role of a BIM-mediated tumor suppressor pathway that acts in parallel to the p53 pathway and remains active even in the absence of wild-type p53 function, suggesting this may be exploited in the treatment of p53-deficient cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex R D Delbridge
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Swee Heng Milon Pang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Cassandra J Vandenberg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Grabow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Brandon J Aubrey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Department of Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Service, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Lin Tai
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Targeting BCL-2-like Proteins to Kill Cancer Cells. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:443-460. [PMID: 28741496 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutations that impair apoptosis contribute to cancer development and reduce the effectiveness of conventional anti-cancer therapies. These insights and understanding of how the B cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 protein family governs apoptosis have galvanized the search for a new class of cancer drugs that target its pro-survival members by mimicking their natural antagonists, the BCL-2 homology (BH)3-only proteins. Successful initial clinical trials of the BH3 mimetic venetoclax/ABT-199, specific for BCL-2, have led to its recent licensing for refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and to multiple ongoing trials for other malignancies. Moreover, preclinical studies herald the potential of emerging BH3 mimetics targeting other BCL-2 pro-survival members, particularly myeloid cell leukemia (MCL)-1, for multiple cancer types. Thus, BH3 mimetics seem destined to become powerful new weapons in the arsenal against cancer. This review sketches the discovery of the BCL-2 family and its impact on cancer development and therapy; describes how interactions of family members trigger apoptosis; outlines the development of BH3 mimetic drugs; and discusses their potential to advance cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ke B, Tian M, Li J, Liu B, He G. Targeting Programmed Cell Death Using Small-Molecule Compounds to Improve Potential Cancer Therapy. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:983-1035. [PMID: 27357603 DOI: 10.1002/med.21398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Mao Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Joosten M, Ginzel S, Blex C, Schmidt D, Gombert M, Chen C, Linka RM, Gräbner O, Hain A, Hirsch B, Sommerfeld A, Seegebarth A, Gruber U, Maneck C, Zhang L, Stenin K, Dieks H, Sefkow M, Münk C, Baldus CD, Thiele R, Borkhardt A, Hummel M, Köster H, Fischer U, Dreger M, Seitz V. A novel approach to detect resistance mechanisms reveals FGR as a factor mediating HDAC inhibitor SAHA resistance in B-cell lymphoma. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1232-44. [PMID: 27324824 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors such as suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) are not commonly used in clinical practice for treatment of B-cell lymphomas, although a subset of patients with refractory or relapsed B-cell lymphoma achieved partial or complete remissions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify molecular features that predict the response of B-cell lymphomas to SAHA treatment. We designed an integrative approach combining drug efficacy testing with exome and captured target analysis (DETECT). In this study, we tested SAHA sensitivity in 26 B-cell lymphoma cell lines and determined SAHA-interacting proteins in SAHA resistant and sensitive cell lines employing a SAHA capture compound (CC) and mass spectrometry (CCMS). In addition, we performed exome mutation analysis. Candidate validation was done by expression analysis and knock-out experiments. An integrated network analysis revealed that the Src tyrosine kinase Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma viral (v-fgr) oncogene homolog (FGR) is associated with SAHA resistance. FGR was specifically captured by the SAHA-CC in resistant cells. In line with this observation, we found that FGR expression was significantly higher in SAHA resistant cell lines. As functional proof, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated FGR knock-out in resistant cells increased SAHA sensitivity. In silico analysis of B-cell lymphoma samples (n = 1200) showed a wide range of FGR expression indicating that FGR expression might help to stratify patients, which clinically benefit from SAHA therapy. In conclusion, our comprehensive analysis of SAHA-interacting proteins highlights FGR as a factor involved in SAHA resistance in B-cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joosten
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ginzel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Computer Science, Bonn-Rhine-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Grantham-Allee 20, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Christian Blex
- caprotec bioanalytics GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmitri Schmidt
- caprotec bioanalytics GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gombert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - René Martin Linka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olivia Gräbner
- caprotec bioanalytics GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Hain
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Sommerfeld
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Seegebarth
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uschi Gruber
- caprotec bioanalytics GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Maneck
- caprotec bioanalytics GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Langhui Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, NO.29,Xinquan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Katharina Stenin
- caprotec bioanalytics GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Dieks
- caprotec bioanalytics GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sefkow
- caprotec bioanalytics GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Münk
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia D Baldus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Thiele
- Department of Computer Science, Bonn-Rhine-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Grantham-Allee 20, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubert Köster
- caprotec bioanalytics GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Dreger
- caprotec bioanalytics GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkhard Seitz
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Flinders C, Lam L, Rubbi L, Ferrari R, Fitz-Gibbon S, Chen PY, Thompson M, Christofk H, B Agus D, Ruderman D, Mallick P, Pellegrini M. Epigenetic changes mediated by polycomb repressive complex 2 and E2a are associated with drug resistance in a mouse model of lymphoma. Genome Med 2016; 8:54. [PMID: 27146673 PMCID: PMC4857420 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic origins of chemotherapy resistance are well established; however, the role of epigenetics in drug resistance is less well understood. To investigate mechanisms of drug resistance, we performed systematic genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic analyses of an alkylating agent-sensitive murine lymphoma cell line and a series of resistant lines derived by drug dose escalation. Methods Dose escalation of the alkylating agent mafosfamide was used to create a series of increasingly drug-resistant mouse Burkitt’s lymphoma cell lines. Whole genome sequencing, DNA microarrays, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing were used to identify alterations in DNA sequence, mRNA expression, CpG methylation, and H3K27me3 occupancy, respectively, that were associated with increased resistance. Results Our data suggest that acquired resistance cannot be explained by genetic alterations. Based on integration of transcriptional profiles with transcription factor binding data, we hypothesize that resistance is driven by epigenetic plasticity. We observed that the resistant cells had H3K27me3 and DNA methylation profiles distinct from those of the parental lines. Moreover, we observed DNA methylation changes in the promoters of genes regulated by E2a and members of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) and differentially expressed genes were enriched for targets of E2a. The integrative analysis considering H3K27me3 further supported a role for PRC2 in mediating resistance. By integrating our results with data from the Immunological Genome Project (Immgen.org), we showed that these transcriptional changes track the B-cell maturation axis. Conclusions Our data suggest a novel mechanism of drug resistance in which E2a and PRC2 drive changes in the B-cell epigenome; these alterations attenuate alkylating agent treatment-induced apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0305-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Flinders
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Larry Lam
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Liudmilla Rubbi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sorel Fitz-Gibbon
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pao-Yang Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael Thompson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Heather Christofk
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David B Agus
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Daniel Ruderman
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Parag Mallick
- Canary Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA. .,Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bhattacharjee S, Ghosh Roy S, Bose P, Saha A. Role of EBNA-3 Family Proteins in EBV Associated B-cell Lymphomagenesis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:457. [PMID: 27092119 PMCID: PMC4824013 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is highly ubiquitous in human population and establishes a lifelong asymptomatic infection within the infected host unless the immune system is compromised. Following initial infection in the oropharyngeal epithelial cells, EBV primarily infects naive B-lymphocytes and develops a number of B-cell lymphomas particularly in immune-deficient individuals. In vitro, EBV can also infect and subsequently transform quiescent B-lymphocytes into continuously proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) resembling EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disorders in which a subset of latent transcripts are detected. Genetic studies revealed that EBNA-3 family comprising of three adjacent genes in the viral genome-EBNA-3A and -3C, but not -3B, are critical for B-cell transformation. Nevertheless, all three proteins appear to significantly contribute to maintain the overall proliferation and viability of transformed cells, suggesting a critical role in lymphoma development. Apart from functioning as important viral transcriptional regulators, EBNA-3 proteins associate with many cellular proteins in different signaling networks, providing a suitable platform for lifelong survival of the virus and concurrent lymphoma development in the infected host. The chapter describes the function of each these EBV nuclear antigen 3 proteins employed by the virus as a means to understand viral pathogenesis of several EBV-associated B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Presidency University Kolkata, India
| | - Abhik Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Presidency University Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The BIM Deletion Polymorphism and its Clinical Implication in Patients with EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 10:903-9. [PMID: 26001141 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A germline BIM deletion polymorphism has been proposed to predict poor treatment response to certain kinase inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the BIM deletion polymorphism predicts treatment efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in Korean patients with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Peripheral blood samples from a total of 205 patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC who were treated with EGFR TKIs between July 2008 and April 2013 were included. The incidence of BIM deletions in these samples was detected by polymerase chain reaction. We compared the clinical outcomes in patients with and without the polymorphism after treatment with EGFR TKIs (gefitinib or erlotinib). RESULTS The BIM deletion polymorphism was present in 15.6% (32 of 205) of patients. One patient was homozygous for the deletion, and the remaining 31 had heterozygous deletions. The majority of patients were younger than 65 years (74%), female (68%), never smokers (76%), and had stage IV NSCLC (67%). There were no associations between the BIM deletion polymorphism and clinicopathological features including gender, age, smoking status, histology, stage, and number of metastasis sites. Patients with and without the BIM deletion polymorphism had similar objective response rates (91 vs. 84%, p = 0.585). Progression-free survival and overall survival did not differ significantly between patients with and without the BIM deletion polymorphism (median progression-free survival 12 vs. 11 months, p = 0.160; median overall survival 31 vs. 30 months, p = 0.452). Multivariate analysis identified significantly predictive markers for clinical outcomes of EGFR TKIs including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1, adenocarcinoma histology, recurrent disease, and EGFR mutation type. The results were validated in an independent cohort of 69 NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS It remains to be determined whether the BIM deletion polymorphism provides intrinsic resistance or decreased sensitivity to EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients.
Collapse
|
38
|
Grabow S, Delbridge ARD, Aubrey BJ, Vandenberg CJ, Strasser A. Loss of a Single Mcl-1 Allele Inhibits MYC-Driven Lymphomagenesis by Sensitizing Pro-B Cells to Apoptosis. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2337-47. [PMID: 26947081 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MCL-1 is critical for progenitor cell survival during emergency hematopoiesis, but its role in sustaining cells undergoing transformation and in lymphomagenesis is only poorly understood. We investigated the importance of MCL-1 in the survival of B lymphoid progenitors undergoing MYC-driven transformation and its functional interactions with pro-apoptotic BIM and PUMA and the tumor suppressor p53 in lymphoma development. Loss of one Mcl-1 allele almost abrogated MYC-driven-lymphoma development owing to a reduction in lymphoma initiating pre-B cells. Although loss of the p53 target PUMA had minor impact, loss of one p53 allele substantially accelerated lymphoma development when MCL-1 was limiting, most likely because p53 loss also causes defects in non-apoptotic tumor suppressive processes. Remarkably, loss of BIM restored the survival of lymphoma initiating cells and rate of tumor development. Thus, MCL-1 has a major role in lymphoma initiating pro-B cells to oppose BIM, which is upregulated in response to oncogenic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grabow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Alex R D Delbridge
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Brandon J Aubrey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Service, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Cassandra J Vandenberg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Delbridge ARD, Grabow S, Strasser A, Vaux DL. Thirty years of BCL-2: translating cell death discoveries into novel cancer therapies. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:99-109. [PMID: 26822577 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The 'hallmarks of cancer' are generally accepted as a set of genetic and epigenetic alterations that a normal cell must accrue to transform into a fully malignant cancer. It follows that therapies designed to counter these alterations might be effective as anti-cancer strategies. Over the past 30 years, research on the BCL-2-regulated apoptotic pathway has led to the development of small-molecule compounds, known as 'BH3-mimetics', that bind to pro-survival BCL-2 proteins to directly activate apoptosis of malignant cells. This Timeline article focuses on the discovery and study of BCL-2, the wider BCL-2 protein family and, specifically, its roles in cancer development and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex R D Delbridge
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Grabow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Vaux
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shen A, Wang L, Huang M, Sun J, Chen Y, Shen YY, Yang X, Wang X, Ding J, Geng M. c-Myc alterations confer therapeutic response and acquired resistance to c-Met inhibitors in MET-addicted cancers. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4548-59. [PMID: 26483207 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Use of kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy leads invariably to acquired resistance stemming from kinase reprogramming. To overcome the dynamic nature of kinase adaptation, we asked whether a signal-integrating downstream effector might exist that provides a more applicable therapeutic target. In this study, we reported that the transcriptional factor c-Myc functions as a downstream effector to dictate the therapeutic response to c-Met inhibitors in c-Met-addicted cancer and derived resistance. Dissociation of c-Myc from c-Met control, likely overtaken by a variety of reprogrammed kinases, led to acquisition of drug resistance. Notably, c-Myc blockade by RNA interference or pharmacologic inhibition circumvented the acquired resistance to c-Met inhibition. Combining c-Myc blockade and c-Met inhibition in MET-amplified patient-derived xenograft mouse models heightened therapeutic activity. Our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for the application of c-Myc-blocking agents as a tactic to thwart resistance to kinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Shen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai China
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai China
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai China
| | - Jingya Sun
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai China
| | - Yan-Yan Shen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai China
| | - Xinying Yang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai China.
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sionov RV, Vlahopoulos SA, Granot Z. Regulation of Bim in Health and Disease. Oncotarget 2015; 6:23058-134. [PMID: 26405162 PMCID: PMC4695108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The BH3-only Bim protein is a major determinant for initiating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Tight regulation of its expression and activity at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels together with the induction of alternatively spliced isoforms with different pro-apoptotic potential, ensure timely activation of Bim. Under physiological conditions, Bim is essential for shaping immune responses where its absence promotes autoimmunity, while too early Bim induction eliminates cytotoxic T cells prematurely, resulting in chronic inflammation and tumor progression. Enhanced Bim induction in neurons causes neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Moreover, type I diabetes is promoted by genetically predisposed elevation of Bim in β-cells. On the contrary, cancer cells have developed mechanisms that suppress Bim expression necessary for tumor progression and metastasis. This review focuses on the intricate network regulating Bim activity and its involvement in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Spiros A. Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Thivon and Levadias, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the chemoresistance of CD133(+) cancer stem cells in Hep-2 cells of laryngeal cancer and detect the expression mRNA and protein levels of BMI-1 in CD133(+) cells and CD133(-) cells. The response of Hep-2 cells to different chemotherapeutic agents was investigated, and the expression of CD133 was studied. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis was used to identify CD133, and the CD133(+) subset of cells was separated and analyzed chemotherapy resistance. Colony formation assays were studied and cells were injected subcutaneously into axillary fossa of node mice to measure the tumor-forming ability. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression levels of BMI-1 in the different subpopulation cells. It was concluded that chemotherapy enriched the CD133(+) subpopulation 2-fourfold, relative to the untreated cells. 1.55 ± 0.28% of Hep-2 cells were observed to be CD133(+) cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that after the treatment with these chemotherapeutic agents, the expression of CD133 was up to 5.16 ± 0.86%, 4.94 ± 0.58%, 3.66 ± 0.59%. After 5-FU treatment, the expression of CD133 was 6.7 ± 1.6% relative to the untreated mice 2.6 ± 0.96% by nude mice tumor xenograft model. CD133(+) cancer stem cells were more resistant to chemotherapy; the proliferation capability and tumor-forming ability were no difference after chemotherapy. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses provided strong evidence that BMI-1 expression in CD133(+) cells is different from CD133(-) cells remarkably. Taken together, it was confirmed that CD133(+) cancer stem cells were chemoresistant and BMI-1 was highly expressed in these CD133(+) cells.
Collapse
|
43
|
Li C, Xin P, Xiao H, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Zhu X. The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of burkitt lymphoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:65. [PMID: 26130968 PMCID: PMC4486138 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway is a therapy target of cancer. We aimed to confirm the effect of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells. METHODS Two human BL cell lines, CA46 and RAJI were used in this study. The proliferation of BL cells was detected by manganese tricarbonyl transfer (MTT) assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis assay were examined by flow cytometric analysis. The phosphorylation levels of AKT (Thr308), AKT (Ser473), and RPS6 were evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS NVP-BEZ235 significantly inhibited the proliferation of BL cells (CA46 and RAJI) and the inhibition effect was time and dose-dependent. Cell cycle analysis indicated that the cells (CA46 and RAJI) were mostly arrested in G1/G0 phase. Cell apoptosis assay showed that the late apoptotic cells were significantly increased after 72 h treatment by 100 nmol/L of NVP-BEZ235. In addition, results also found that NVP-BEZ235 reduced the phosphorylation levels of AKT (Thr308), AKT (Ser473), and PRS6 in BL cells (CA46 and RAJI). Moreover, this inhibition effect on phosphorylation was dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS NVP-BEZ235 effectively inhibited cell proliferation by G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and induced apoptosis through deregulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in BL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuntuan Li
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 248 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| | - Pengliang Xin
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 248 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| | - Huifang Xiao
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 248 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 248 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| | - Yuanling Huang
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 248 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| | - Xiongpeng Zhu
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 248 East Street, Licheng District, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian Province China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Delbridge ARD, Strasser A. The BCL-2 protein family, BH3-mimetics and cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1071-80. [PMID: 25952548 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Escape from apoptosis is a key attribute of tumour cells and facilitates chemo-resistance. The 'BCL-2-regulated' or 'intrinsic' apoptotic pathway integrates stress and survival signalling to govern whether a cancer cell will live or die. Indeed, many pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 family have demonstrated tumour-suppression activity in mouse models of cancer and are lost or repressed in certain human cancers. Conversely, overexpression of pro-survival BCL-2 family members promotes tumorigenesis in humans and in mouse models. Many of the drugs currently used in the clinic mediate their therapeutic effects (at least in part) through the activation of the BCL-2-regulated apoptotic pathway. However, initiators of this apoptotic pathway, such as p53, are mutated, lost or silenced in many human cancers rendering them refractory to treatment. To counter such resistance mechanisms, a novel class of therapeutics, 'BH3-mimetics', has been developed. These drugs directly activate apoptosis by binding and inhibiting select antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members and thereby bypass the requirement for upstream initiators, such as p53. In this review, we discuss the role of the BCL-2 protein family in the development and treatment of cancer, with an emphasis on mechanistic studies using well-established mouse models of cancer, before describing the development and already recognised potential of the BH3-mimetic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R D Delbridge
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Strasser
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hata AN, Engelman JA, Faber AC. The BCL2 Family: Key Mediators of the Apoptotic Response to Targeted Anticancer Therapeutics. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:475-87. [PMID: 25895919 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ability of cancer cells to suppress apoptosis is critical for carcinogenesis. The BCL2 family proteins comprise the sentinel network that regulates the mitochondrial or intrinsic apoptotic response. Recent advances in our understanding of apoptotic signaling pathways have enabled methods to identify cancers that are "primed" to undergo apoptosis, and have revealed potential biomarkers that may predict which cancers will undergo apoptosis in response to specific therapies. Complementary efforts have focused on developing novel drugs that directly target antiapoptotic BCL2 family proteins. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of BCL2 family members in cancer development and response to therapy, focusing on targeted therapeutics, recent progress in the development of apoptotic biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies designed to overcome deficiencies in apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE Apoptosis, long known to be important for response to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, has more recently been shown to be essential for the efficacy of targeted therapies. Approaches that increase the likelihood of a cancer to undergo apoptosis following therapy may help improve targeted treatment strategies. Cancer Discov; 5(5); 475-87. ©2015 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron N Hata
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Anthony C Faber
- Virginia Commonwealth University Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pan ST, Qin Y, Zhou ZW, He ZX, Zhang X, Yang T, Yang YX, Wang D, Qiu JX, Zhou SF. Plumbagin induces G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy via p38 MAPK- and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated pathways in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1601-26. [PMID: 25834400 PMCID: PMC4365758 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s76057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; PLB), a naturally occurring naphthoquinone isolated from the roots of Plumbaginaceae plants, has been reported to possess anticancer activities in both in vitro and in vivo studies, but the effect of PLB on tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PLB on cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and autophagy, and the underlying mechanisms in the human TSCC cell line SCC25. The results have revealed that PLB exerted potent inducing effects on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in SCC25 cells. PLB arrested SCC25 cells at the G2/M phase in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with a decrease in the expression level of cell division cycle protein 2 homolog (Cdc2) and cyclin B1 and increase in the expression level of p21 Waf1/Cip1, p27 Kip1, and p53 in SCC25 cells. PLB markedly induced apoptosis and autophagy in SCC25 cells. PLB decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl) while increasing the expression level of the pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in SCC25 cells. Furthermore, PLB inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathways as indicated by the alteration in the ratio of phosphorylation level over total protein expression level, contributing to the autophagy inducing effect. In addition, we found that wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor) and SB202190 (a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK) strikingly enhanced PLB-induced autophagy in SCC25 cells, suggesting the involvement of PI3K- and p38 MAPK-mediated signaling pathways. Moreover, PLB induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and this effect was attenuated by l-glutathione (GSH) and n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Taken together, these results indicate that PLB promotes cellular apoptosis and autophagy in TSCC cells involving p38 MAPK- and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated pathways with contribution from the GSK3β and ROS-mediated pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA ; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yin-Xue Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Küçük C, Hu X, Jiang B, Klinkebiel D, Geng H, Gong Q, Bouska A, Iqbal J, Gaulard P, McKeithan TW, Chan WC. Global promoter methylation analysis reveals novel candidate tumor suppressor genes in natural killer cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1699-711. [PMID: 25614448 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify tumor suppressor genes epigenetically silenced by promoter hypermethylation in extranodal natural killer cell lymphoma (NKCL). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Promoter methylation was analyzed with global and locus-specific methylation assays in NKCL cases and NK cell lines. Gene expression profiles were used to identify genes for which aberrant promoter methylation was associated with transcriptional silencing. Selected DNA methylations were validated by RRBS, pyrosequencing, or q-MSP. Decitabine treatment was performed to evaluate reactivation of methylated genes. The tumor suppressor effect of silenced genes was evaluated functionally by reintroducing them into NK cell lines. RESULTS We observed significant promoter hypermethylation in most NKCL samples compared with normal NK cells. Correlation of global promoter methylation with gene expression profiles identified 95 genes with strong evidence for being silenced because of promoter methylation, including BCL2L11 (BIM), DAPK1, PTPN6 (SHP1), TET2, SOCS6, and ASNS. Known tumor suppressor genes were significantly overrepresented in this set of genes. Decitabine treatment of NK cell lines was associated with reexpression of all 10 selected methylated and silenced genes. Ectopic expression of frequently silenced BIM in two BIM-nonexpressing NK cell lines led to increased apoptosis and eventual elimination of BIM-transduced cells. It also sensitized these cell lines to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Similarly, reintroduction of SOCS6 significantly inhibited growth in SOCS6-nonexpressing NK cell lines. NK cell lines lacking ASNS expression showed increased sensitivity to treatment with l-asparaginase. Reintroduction of ASNS reduced drug sensitivity. CONCLUSION Promoter region hypermethylation is frequent in NKCL, and aberrantly methylated genes are pathologically and clinically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Küçük
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Xiaozhou Hu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - David Klinkebiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Alyssa Bouska
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- Département de Pathologie, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Inserm U955, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Timothy W McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
The EBNA3 Family: Two Oncoproteins and a Tumour Suppressor that Are Central to the Biology of EBV in B Cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 391:61-117. [PMID: 26428372 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22834-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens EBNA3A , EBNA3B and EBNA3C are a family of three large latency-associated proteins expressed in B cells induced to proliferate by the virus. Together with the other nuclear antigens (EBNA-LP, EBNA2 and EBNA1), they are expressed from a polycistronic transcription unit that is probably unique to B cells. However, compared with the other EBNAs, hitherto the EBNA3 proteins were relatively neglected and their roles in EBV biology rather poorly understood. In recent years, powerful new technologies have been used to show that these proteins are central to the latency of EBV in B cells, playing major roles in reprogramming the expression of host genes affecting cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and immune surveillance. This indicates that the EBNA3s are critical in EBV persistence in the B cell system and in modulating B cell lymphomagenesis. EBNA3A and EBNA3C are necessary for the efficient proliferation of EBV-infected B cells because they target important tumour suppressor pathways--so operationally they are considered oncoproteins. In contrast, it is emerging that EBNA3B restrains the oncogenic capacity of EBV, so it can be considered a tumour suppressor--to our knowledge the first to be described in a tumour virus. Here, we provide a general overview of the EBNA3 genes and proteins. In particular, we describe recent research that has highlighted the complexity of their functional interactions with each other, with specific sites on the human genome and with the molecular machinery that controls transcription and epigenetic states of diverse host genes.
Collapse
|
49
|
Maolanon AR, Villadsen JS, Christensen NJ, Hoeck C, Friis T, Harris P, Gotfredsen CH, Fristrup P, Olsen CA. Methyl Effect in Azumamides Provides Insight Into Histone Deacetylase Inhibition by Macrocycles. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9644-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501399d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Maolanon
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper S. Villadsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels J. Christensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Casper Hoeck
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tina Friis
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte H. Gotfredsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Fristrup
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian A. Olsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Herold MJ, Stuchbery R, Mérino D, Willson T, Strasser A, Hildeman D, Bouillet P. Impact of conditional deletion of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BIM in mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1446. [PMID: 25299771 PMCID: PMC4237241 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic BH3-only BCL-2 family member BIM is a critical determinant of hematopoietic cell development and homeostasis. It has been argued that the striking hematopoietic abnormalities of BIM-deficient mice (accumulation of lymphocytes and granulocytes) may be the result of the loss of the protein throughout the whole animal rather than a consequence intrinsic to the loss of BIM in hematopoietic cells. To address this issue and allow the deletion of BIM in specific cell types in future studies, we have developed a mouse strain with a conditional Bim allele as well as a new Cre transgenic strain, Vav-CreER, in which the tamoxifen-inducible CreER recombinase (fusion protein) is predominantly expressed in the hematopoietic system. We show that acute loss of BIM in the adult mouse rapidly results in the hematopoietic phenotypes previously observed in mice lacking BIM in all tissues. This includes changes in thymocyte subpopulations, increased white blood cell counts and resistance of lymphocytes to BIM-dependent apoptotic stimuli, such as cytokine deprivation. We have validated this novel conditional Bim knockout mouse model using established and newly developed CreER strains (Rosa26-CreER and Vav-CreER) and will make these exciting new tools for studies on cell death and cancer available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Herold
- 1] Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Stuchbery
- 1] Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Mérino
- 1] Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T Willson
- 1] Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Strasser
- 1] Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Hildeman
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - P Bouillet
- 1] Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|