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Borkovskaia A, Bogacheva S, Konyukhova T, Dadakhanova E, Gaskova M, Soldatkina O, Dubrovina M, Popov A, Mikhailova E, Inushkina E, Kazanov M, Matveev E, Novichkova G, Maschan M, Maschan A, Olshanskaya Y, Zerkalenkova E. Molecular Heterogeneity of Pediatric AML with Atypical Promyelocytes Accumulation in Children—A Single Center Experience. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030675. [PMID: 36980947 PMCID: PMC10048084 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) pathogenesis is based on RARA gene translocations, which are of high importance in the diagnosis of and proper therapy selection for APL. However, in some cases acute myeloid leukemia (AML) demonstrates APL-like morphological features such as atypical promyelocytes accumulation. This type of AML is characterized by the involvement of other RAR family members or completely different genes. In the present study, we used conventional karyotyping, FISH and high-throughput sequencing in a group of 271 de novo AML with atypical promyelocytes accumulation. Of those, 255 cases were shown to carry a typical chromosomal translocation t(15;17)(q24;q21) with PML::RARA chimeric gene formation (94.1%). Other RARA-positive cases exhibited cryptic PML::RARA fusion without t(15;17)(q24;q21) (1.8%, n = 5) and variant t(5;17)(q35;q21) translocation with NPM1::RARA chimeric gene formation (1.5%, n = 4). However, 7 RARA-negative AMLs with atypical promyelocytes accumulation were also discovered. These cases exhibited TBL1XR1::RARB and KMT2A::SEPT6 fusions as well as mutations, e.g., NPM1 insertion and non-recurrent chromosomal aberrations. Our findings demonstrate the genetic diversity of AML with APL-like morphological features, which is of high importance for successful therapy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Borkovskaia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia Bogacheva
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Konyukhova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elina Dadakhanova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Gaskova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Soldatkina
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Dubrovina
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Popov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Mikhailova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia Inushkina
- Moscow Regional Oncology Hospital, Karbisheva Str. 6, 143900 Balashikha, Russia
| | - Marat Kazanov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (the Kharkevich Institute, RAS), Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, bld. 1, 127051 Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Matveev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (the Kharkevich Institute, RAS), Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, bld. 1, 127051 Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Novichkova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Olshanskaya
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Zerkalenkova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Maschela Str. 1, 117998 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Ding W, Weng G, Wang Z, Guo Y, Wang M, Shen H, Chen S, Du X, Wen L. Case report: Identification of a novel HNRNPC::RARG fusion in acute promyelocytic leukemia lacking RARA rearrangement. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1028651. [PMID: 36713535 PMCID: PMC9879720 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1028651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a special subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 95% patients have PML-RARA fusion gene as a result of a reciprocal chromosomal translocation t(15;17)(q22; q21). The retinoic acid receptors (RARs) belong to nuclear hormone receptors which modulate the transcription of DNA elements. RARs have three isoforms: retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA), retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) and retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARG). In this study, we describe the experimental results of a case with HNRNPC::RARG gene transcript with morphologic and immunophenotypic features similar to APL, including bone marrow morphology and immunophenotype, which showed poor response to ATO and chemotherapy. Then the patient achieved remission under the combination of BCL-2 inhibitor (Venetoclax) and standard 7 + 3 chemotherapy in second induction chemotherapy. The treatment in this case demonstrated effective response to Venetoclax, which suggested its possible role for the patient with acute promyelocytic-like leukemias (APLL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ding
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangyang Weng
- Department of Hematology and Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Suzhou Jsuniwell Medical Laboratory, Suzhou, China
| | - Yusha Guo
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Man Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Lijun Wen, ; Xin Du, ; Suning Chen,
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology and Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Lijun Wen, ; Xin Du, ; Suning Chen,
| | - Lijun Wen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Lijun Wen, ; Xin Du, ; Suning Chen,
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3
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[Advances in the recognition of acute myeloid leukemia with RARG-rearrangement]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:612-614. [PMID: 36709143 PMCID: PMC9395575 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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4
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Song Y, Hou J, Wan L, Liu K, Zhou C, Wei S, Zhang G, Lin D, Li Y, Fang Q, Liu Y, Gong B, Gong X, Wang Y, Wei H, Wang J, Mi Y. A short report of novel RARG-HNRNPM fusion gene in resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia. Hematology 2022; 27:518-522. [PMID: 35544458 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2066825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique subtype of APL who sharing clinical, morphological, and immunophenotypic features with typical APL, but lacking evidence of PML-RARA fusion gene and usually insensitive to arsenic trioxide (ATO) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). For years, RARA, RARB and RARG rearrangement were found in resembling APL continually. The confirmed partner genes of RARG rearrangement included CPSF6, NUP98, NPM1, PML, and HNRNPC. These patients were a group of resembling APL with rare molecular genetic abnormality and unfavorable prognosis. They usually were resistant to ATO and ATRA but partially sensitive to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. CASE PRESENTATION We reported a 25-year-old female patient with a novel fusion gene RARG-HNRNPM (RARG chr12:53606869: -; HNRNPM chr19: 8527413: + based on GRCh37/hg19 Assembly) through RNA-seq as resembling APL. The patient with RARG-HNRNPM was benefited from a combined chemotherapy homoharringtonine, cytarabine, and aclacinomycin (HAA) regimen with no relapse. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS RARG rearrangement resembling APL are various. The treatment should be switched from ATRA/ATO to AML combined chemotherapy regimen early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangxue Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuning Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangji Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Fang
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Benfa Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Guarnera L, Ottone T, Fabiani E, Divona M, Savi A, Travaglini S, Falconi G, Panetta P, Rapanotti MC, Voso MT. Atypical Rearrangements in APL-Like Acute Myeloid Leukemias: Molecular Characterization and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871590. [PMID: 35494081 PMCID: PMC9039303 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) accounts for 10–15% of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and is typically caused by the fusion of promyelocytic leukemia with retinoic acid receptor α (RARA) gene. The prognosis is excellent, thanks to the all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) combination therapy. A small percentage of APLs (around 2%) is caused by atypical transcripts, most of which involve RARA or other members of retinoic acid receptors (RARB or RARG). The diagnosis of these forms is difficult, and clinical management is still a challenge for the physician due to variable response rates to ATRA and ATO. Herein we review variant APL cases reported in literature, including genetic landscape, incidence of coagulopathy and differentiation syndrome, frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients, sensitivity to ATRA, ATO, and chemotherapy, and outcome. We also focus on non-RAR rearrangements, complex rearrangements (involving more than two chromosomes), and NPM1-mutated AML, an entity that can, in some cases, morphologically mimic APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guarnera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ottone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuro-Oncohematology, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fabiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariadomenica Divona
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Savi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Travaglini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Falconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Panetta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Rapanotti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuro-Oncohematology, Rome, Italy
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6
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Antagonizing RARγ Drives Necroptosis of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094814. [PMID: 35563205 PMCID: PMC9105400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for agents that eliminate cancer stem cells, which sustain cancer and are also largely responsible for disease relapse and metastasis. Conventional chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy are often highly effective against the bulk of cancer cells, which are proliferating, but spare cancer stem cells. Therapeutics that target cancer stem cells may also provide a bona fide cure for cancer. There are two rationales for targeting the retinoic acid receptor (RAR)γ. First, RARγ is expressed selectively within primitive cells. Second, RARγ is a putative oncogene for a number of human cancers, including cases of acute myeloid leukemia, cholangiocarcinoma, and colorectal, renal and hepatocellular carcinomas. Prostate cancer cells depend on active RARγ for their survival. Antagonizing all RARs caused necroptosis of prostate and breast cancer stem cell-like cells, and the cancer stem cells that gave rise to neurospheres from pediatric patients’ primitive neuroectodermal tumors and an astrocytoma. As tested for prostate cancer, antagonizing RARγ was sufficient to drive necroptosis. Achieving cancer-selectively is a longstanding paradigm for developing new treatments. The normal prostate epithelium was less sensitive to the RARγ antagonist and pan-RAR antagonist than prostate cancer cells, and fibroblasts and blood mononuclear cells were insensitive. The RARγ antagonist and pan-RAR antagonist are promising new cancer therapeutics.
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Wang M, Lin H, Chu X, Wang Z, Yang X, Cen J, Shen H, Pan J, Wang Y, Shen H, Chen S, Zhang X, Wen L, Yao L. Identification of a recurrent fusion NUP98-RARG in acute myeloid leukaemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:e73-e78. [PMID: 35421256 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Lin
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chu
- Department of Hematology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Jsuniwell Medical Laboratory, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiannong Cen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Pan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hongshi Shen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, No. 904 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Liberation Army, Wuxi, China
| | - Suning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyou Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Wen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Yao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Zhang J, Shen H, Song H, Shen D, Liao C, Fang M, Wang Y, Tang Y, Zhu H. A Novel NUP98/RARG Gene Fusion in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Resembling Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:e665-e671. [PMID: 35319505 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we introduced the first case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RARG-NUP98 in a pediatric patient. The young male presented with structural and functional abnormalities similar to hypergranular acute promyelocytic leukemia, but was resistant to all transretinoic acids and arsenic trioxide. Till date, only 12 adult AML cases involving RARG rearrangement have been reported. At present, there is no standardized or optimal treatment option for this AML subtype. Disease management may typically require a joint treatment strategy involving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and support therapy. In this study, we report the clinical manifestations and experimental results of a 10-year-old male and review other cases of RARG gene rearrangement reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Zhang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Childhood Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center, National Medical Research Center for Child Health
| | - Heping Shen
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Childhood Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center, National Medical Research Center for Child Health
| | - Hua Song
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Childhood Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center, National Medical Research Center for Child Health
| | - Diying Shen
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Childhood Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center, National Medical Research Center for Child Health
| | - Chan Liao
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Childhood Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center, National Medical Research Center for Child Health
| | - Meixin Fang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Childhood Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center, National Medical Research Center for Child Health
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Childhood Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center, National Medical Research Center for Child Health
| | - Yongmin Tang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Childhood Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center, National Medical Research Center for Child Health
| | - Honghu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Lauw MI, Qi Z, Eversmeyer L, Prakash S, Wen KW, Yu J, Monaghan SA, Aggarwal N, Wang L. Distinct Pathologic Feature of Myeloid Neoplasm with t(v;11p15); NUP98 Rearrangement. Hum Pathol 2022; 123:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Su Z, Liu X. Comment on Geoffroy, M.-C.; de Thé, H. Classic and Variants APLs, as Viewed from a Therapy Response. Cancers 2020, 12, 967. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235883. [PMID: 34884990 PMCID: PMC8657245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Su
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Blood Diseases Hospital & Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China;
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11
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Zhang X, Sun J, Yu W, Jin J. Current views on the genetic landscape and management of variant acute promyelocytic leukemia. Biomark Res 2021; 9:33. [PMID: 33957999 PMCID: PMC8101136 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the accumulation of promyelocytes in bone marrow. More than 95% of patients with this disease belong to typical APL, which express PML-RARA and are sensitive to differentiation induction therapy containing all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), and they exhibit an excellent clinical outcome. Compared to typical APL, variant APL showed quite different aspects, and how to recognize, diagnose, and treat variant APL remained still challenged at present. Herein, we drew the genetic landscape of variant APL according to recent progresses, then discussed how they contributed to generate APL, and further shared our clinical experiences about variant APL treatment. In practice, when APL phenotype was exhibited but PML-RARA and t(15;17) were negative, variant APL needed to be considered, and fusion gene screen as well as RNA-sequencing should be displayed for making the diagnosis as soon as possible. Strikingly, we found that besides of RARA rearrangements, RARB or RARG rearrangements also generated the phenotype of APL. In addition, some MLL rearrangements, NPM1 rearrangements or others could also drove variant APL in absence of RARA/RARB/RARG rearrangements. These results indicated that one great heterogeneity existed in the genetics of variant APL. Among them, only NPM1-RARA, NUMA-RARA, FIP1L1-RARA, IRF2BP2-RARA, and TFG-RARA have been demonstrated to be sensitive to ATRA, so combined chemotherapy rather than differentiation induction therapy was the standard care for variant APL and these patients would benefit from the quick switch between them. If ATRA-sensitive RARA rearrangement was identified, ATRA could be added back for re-induction of differentiation. Through this review, we hoped to provide one integrated view on the genetic landscape of variant APL and helped to remove the barriers for managing this type of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Rd, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Sun
- Center Laboratory, Affiliated Secondary Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Rd, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China. .,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Rd, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China. .,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Gu S, Zi J, Ma J, Ge Z. Cryptic t(15;17) acute promyelocytic leukemia with a karyotype of add(11)(p15) and t(13,20)- A case report with a literature review. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:246-251. [PMID: 33052080 PMCID: PMC7982059 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most acute promyelocytic leukemias (APL) are characterized by reciprocal translocations t(15;17)(q22;21), which results in the fusion of the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) gene at 15q22 with retinoic acid receptor a (RARα) gene at 17q21. However, several complex variant translocations also have been reported. Here, we report a 62-year-old man with typical morphology and clinical features of APL with a complex karyotype including add(11)(p15) and t(13;20)(q12;q11.2) without typical t(15;17) assayed by the G-banding analysis. The fluorescence in situ hybridization with a PML/RARα dual-color DNA probe showed an atypical fusion signal, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed PML/RARα fusion transcripts, and NGS detected FLT3, WT1, and KRAS mutations. The patient achieved complete remission after treatment with conventional chemotherapy combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). Although the mechanism of this kind of cryptic variant remains unknown, we conclude that the cryptic PML/RARα fusion with add(11)(p15) and t(13;20)(q12;q11.2) seems not to alter the effectiveness of chemotherapy combined with ATRA and ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Gu
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology
| | - Jie Zi
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Han X, Jin C, Zheng G, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang E, Zhu H, Cai Z. Acute myeloid leukemia with CPSF6-RARG fusion resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia with extramedullary infiltration. Ther Adv Hematol 2021; 12:2040620720976984. [PMID: 33473264 PMCID: PMC7797573 DOI: 10.1177/2040620720976984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) share morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical features of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but lack a PML–RARA (promyelocytic leukemia–retinoic acid receptor alpha) fusion gene. Instead, they have the retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) or retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARG) rearranged. Almost all of these AML subtypes exhibit resistance to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA); undoubtedly, the prognosis is poor. Here, we present an AML patient resembling APL with a novel cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 6 (CPSF6)–RARG fusion, showing resistance to ATRA and poor response to chemotherapy with homoharringtonine and cytarabine. Simultaneously, the patient also had extramedullary infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Han
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunxiang Jin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaofeng Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yungui Wang
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honghu Zhu
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
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14
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Michmerhuizen NL, Klco JM, Mullighan CG. Mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic approaches for NUP98-rearranged hematologic malignancies. Blood 2020; 136:2275-2289. [PMID: 32766874 PMCID: PMC7702474 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) fusion oncoproteins are observed in a spectrum of hematologic malignancies, particularly pediatric leukemias with poor patient outcomes. Although wild-type full-length NUP98 is a member of the nuclear pore complex, the chromosomal translocations leading to NUP98 gene fusions involve the intrinsically disordered and N-terminal region of NUP98 with over 30 partner genes. Fusion partners include several genes bearing homeodomains or having known roles in transcriptional or epigenetic regulation. Based on data in both experimental models and patient samples, NUP98 fusion oncoprotein-driven leukemogenesis is mediated by changes in chromatin structure and gene expression. Multiple cofactors associate with NUP98 fusion oncoproteins to mediate transcriptional changes possibly via phase separation, in a manner likely dependent on the fusion partner. NUP98 gene fusions co-occur with a set of additional mutations, including FLT3-internal tandem duplication and other events contributing to increased proliferation. To improve the currently dire outcomes for patients with NUP98-rearranged malignancies, therapeutic strategies have been considered that target transcriptional and epigenetic machinery, cooperating alterations, and signaling or cell-cycle pathways. With the development of more faithful experimental systems and continued study, we anticipate great strides in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic vulnerabilities at play in NUP98-rearranged models. Taken together, these studies should lead to improved clinical outcomes for NUP98-rearranged leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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15
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Tao S, Song L, Deng Y, Chen Y, Shi Y, Gan Y, Deng Z, Ding B, He Z, Wang C, Yu L. Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NUP98-RARG Gene Fusion Similar to Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Case Report and Literature Review. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10559-10566. [PMID: 33116634 PMCID: PMC7574910 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s273172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARG) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and has 90% homology to RAR alpha (RARA) and RAR beta. The promyelocytic leukemia (PML)–RARA fusion gene has been implicated in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). RARG gene rearrangement has been identified in a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that resembles APL. To date, only 10 cases of gene rearrangements involving RARG (nucleoporin [NUP]98–RARG, promyelocytic leukemia protein–RARG, cleavage and polyadenylation-specific factor 6–RARG, or nucleophosmin [NPM]1–RARG–NPM1) have been reported. These patients show characteristics similar to APL, including bone marrow morphology, coagulation abnormality, and immunophenotype; however, they are resistant to all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide treatment. Moreover, there is no optimal therapeutic regimen for this subtype of AML. In this study, we report the clinical presentation and experimental findings of a case of AML with NUP98–RARG gene fusion similar to APL and review other cases of RARG gene rearrangement described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandong Tao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Song
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuye Shi
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Gan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikui Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Banghe Ding
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengmei He
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
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16
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Wei W, Liu Q, Song F, Cao H, Liu M, Jiang Y, Li Y, Gao S. Alkaloid-based regimen is beneficial for acute myeloid leukemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia with NUP98/RARG fusion and RUNX1 mutation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22488. [PMID: 33019444 PMCID: PMC7535657 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Some acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients present with features mimicking the classical hypergranular subtype of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) but without the typical promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor α (PML/RARα) rearrangement. Herein, we report an AML patient resembling APL but with nucleoporin 98/retinoid acid receptor gamma gene (NUP98/RARG) fusion transcript and Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) mutation. PATIENT CONCERNS An 18-year-old male presented at the hospital with a diagnosis of AML. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with bone marrow examination. Bone marrow smear displayed 90.5% promyelocytes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis failed to detect the PML/RARα fusion transcript or RARα amplification. While real-time polymerase chain reaction showed positivity for the NUP98/RARG fusion transcript. G-banding karyotype analysis showed a normal karyotype. INTERVENTIONS The patient showed resistance to arsenic trioxide and standard 3 + 7 chemotherapy, but eventually achieved complete remission through the Homoharringtonine, Cytarabine, and Aclarubicin chemotherapy. OUTCOMES These measures resulted in a rapid response and disease control. LESSONS Acute myeloid leukemia with the NUP98/RARG fusion gene and the RUNX1 mutation may be a special subtype of AML and may benefit from the alkaloid-based regimen.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/diagnosis
- Male
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Fei Song
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
| | - He Cao
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Yanchun Li
- Peking High Trust Diagnostics, Co., Ltd., Peking, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
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17
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Zhu H, Yang M, Wang F, Lou Y, Jin J, Li K, Zhang S. Identification of a novel NUP98-RARA fusion transcript as the 14th variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:E184-E186. [PMID: 32242976 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Hu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment Hangzhou China
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Meng‐Cheng Yang
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of China Three Gorges University Yichang China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yin‐Jun Lou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment Hangzhou China
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of MedicineZhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment Hangzhou China
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Shi‐Zhong Zhang
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of China Three Gorges University Yichang China
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18
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RNA-Binding Proteins in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103409. [PMID: 32408494 PMCID: PMC7279408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemias are genetic diseases caused by translocations or mutations, which dysregulate hematopoiesis towards malignant transformation. However, the molecular mode of action is highly versatile and ranges from direct transcriptional to post-transcriptional control, which includes RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as crucial regulators of cell fate. RBPs coordinate RNA dynamics, including subcellular localization, translational efficiency and metabolism, by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby controlling the expression of the encoded proteins. In view of the growing interest in these regulators, this review summarizes recent research regarding the most influential RBPs relevant in acute leukemias in particular. The reported RBPs, either dysregulated or as components of fusion proteins, are described with respect to their functional domains, the pathways they affect, and clinical aspects associated with their dysregulation or altered functions.
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19
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Su Z, Liu X, Xu Y, Hu W, Zhao C, Zhao H, Feng X, Zhang S, Yang J, Shi X, Peng J. Novel reciprocal fusion genes involving HNRNPC and RARG in acute promyelocytic leukemia lacking RARA rearrangement. Haematologica 2020; 105:e376-e378. [PMID: 32354871 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.244715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Su
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao .,Department of Haematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medcine, Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Blood Diseases Hospital & Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Lymphoma & Myloma, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Blood Diseases Hospital & Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin
| | - Weiyu Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
| | - Chunting Zhao
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
| | - Hongguo Zhao
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
| | - Xianqi Feng
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
| | - Shuchao Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
| | - Xue Shi
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Haematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medcine, Shandong University, Jinan
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20
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Geoffroy MC, de Thé H. Classic and Variants APLs, as Viewed from a Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E967. [PMID: 32295268 PMCID: PMC7226009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are caused by PML-RARA, a translocation-driven fusion oncoprotein discovered three decades ago. Over the years, several other types of rare X-RARA fusions have been described, while recently, oncogenic fusion proteins involving other retinoic acid receptors (RARB or RARG) have been associated to very rare cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia. PML-RARA driven pathogenesis and the molecular basis for therapy response have been the focus of many studies, which have now converged into an integrated physio-pathological model. The latter is well supported by clinical and molecular studies on patients, making APL one of the rare hematological disorder cured by targeted therapies. Here we review recent data on APL-like diseases not driven by the PML-RARA fusion and discuss these in view of current understanding of "classic" APL pathogenesis and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 75010 Paris, France;
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7212, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), 75010 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 75010 Paris, France;
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7212, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), 75010 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital St-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR 7241, 75005 Paris, France
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21
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Liquori A, Ibañez M, Sargas C, Sanz MÁ, Barragán E, Cervera J. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Constellation of Molecular Events around a Single PML-RARA Fusion Gene. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030624. [PMID: 32182684 PMCID: PMC7139833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is one of the most characterized forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of this disease are still a matter of study. APL is defined by the PML-RARA rearrangement as a consequence of the translocation t(15;17)(q24;q21). However, this abnormality alone is not able to trigger the whole leukemic phenotype and secondary cooperating events might contribute to APL pathogenesis. Additional somatic mutations are known to occur recurrently in several genes, such as FLT3, WT1, NRAS and KRAS, whereas mutations in other common AML genes are rarely detected, resulting in a different molecular profile compared to other AML subtypes. How this mutational spectrum, including point mutations in the PML-RARA fusion gene, could contribute to the 10%–15% of relapsed or resistant APL patients is still unknown. Moreover, due to the uncertain impact of additional mutations on prognosis, the identification of the APL-specific genetic lesion is still the only method recommended in the routine evaluation/screening at diagnosis and for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. However, the gene expression profile of genes, such as ID1, BAALC, ERG, and KMT2E, once combined with the molecular events, might improve future prognostic models, allowing us to predict clinical outcomes and to categorize APL patients in different risk subsets, as recently reported. In this review, we will focus on the molecular characterization of APL patients at diagnosis, relapse and resistance, in both children and adults. We will also describe different standardized molecular approaches to study MRD, including those recently developed. Finally, we will discuss how novel molecular findings can improve the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Liquori
- Accredited Research Group in Hematology and Hemotherapy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Mariam Ibañez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.I.); (M.Á.S.); (E.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Sargas
- Accredited Research Group in Hematology and Hemotherapy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.I.); (M.Á.S.); (E.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Barragán
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.I.); (M.Á.S.); (E.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Cervera
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.I.); (M.Á.S.); (E.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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22
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Chen S, Li X, Ma S, Xing X, Wang X, Zhu Z. Chemogenomics analysis of drug targets for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:753-763. [PMID: 32016577 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main challenges in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are currently early mortality, relapse, refractory disease after induction therapy, and drug resistance to ATRA and ATO. In this study, a computational chemogenomics approach was used to identify new molecular targets and drugs for APL treatment. The transcriptional profiles induced by APL were compared with those induced by genetic or chemical perturbations. The genes that can reverse the transcriptional profiles induced by APL when perturbed were considered to be potential therapeutic targets for APL. Drugs targeting these genes or proteins are predicted to be able to treat APL if they can reverse the APL-induced transcriptional profiles. To improve the target identification accuracy of the above correlation method, we plotted the functional protein association networks of the predicted targets by STRING. The results determined PML, RARA, SPI1, HDAC3, CEBPA, NPM1, ABL1, BCR, PTEN, FOS, PDGFRB, FGFR1, NUP98, AFF1, and MEIS1 to be top candidates. Interestingly, the functions of PML, RARA, HDAC3, CEBPA, NPM1, ABL, and BCR in APL have been previously reported in the literature. This is the first chemogenomics analysis predicting potential APL drug targets, and the findings could be used to guide the design of new drugs targeting refractory and recurrent APL.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cheminformatics
- Datasets as Topic
- Drug Design
- Drug Development
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/radiation effects
- Gene Targeting
- Genes, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nucleophosmin
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Protein Interaction Mapping
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, 967th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 80 Shengli Road, Xigang district, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe road, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shifan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinrui Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe road, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 967th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 80 Shengli Road, Xigang district, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe road, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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23
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Zhang Z, Jiang M, Borthakur G, Luan S, Huang X, Tang G, Xu Q, Ji D, Boyer AD, Li F, Huang R, You MJ. Acute myeloid leukemia with a novel CPSF6-RARG variant is sensitive to homoharringtonine and cytarabine chemotherapy. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:E48-E51. [PMID: 31769058 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Homoharringtonine/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors/genetics
- mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shuqing Luan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianbao Huang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dexiang Ji
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Andrew D Boyer
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruibin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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24
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Thompson B, Katsanis N, Apostolopoulos N, Thompson DC, Nebert DW, Vasiliou V. Genetics and functions of the retinoic acid pathway, with special emphasis on the eye. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:61. [PMID: 31796115 PMCID: PMC6892198 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a potent morphogen required for embryonic development. RA is formed in a multistep process from vitamin A (retinol); RA acts in a paracrine fashion to shape the developing eye and is essential for normal optic vesicle and anterior segment formation. Perturbation in RA-signaling can result in severe ocular developmental diseases—including microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma. RA-signaling is also essential for embryonic development and life, as indicated by the significant consequences of mutations in genes involved in RA-signaling. The requirement of RA-signaling for normal development is further supported by the manifestation of severe pathologies in animal models of RA deficiency—such as ventral lens rotation, failure of optic cup formation, and embryonic and postnatal lethality. In this review, we summarize RA-signaling, recent advances in our understanding of this pathway in eye development, and the requirement of RA-signaling for embryonic development (e.g., organogenesis and limb bud development) and life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Stanley Manne Research Institute, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nicholas Apostolopoulos
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0056, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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25
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Conserva MR, Redavid I, Anelli L, Zagaria A, Specchia G, Albano F. RARG Gene Dysregulation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:114. [PMID: 31709264 PMCID: PMC6822255 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and shares 90% homology with retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ). RARA rearrangements are well-known to be involved in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but RARG rearrangements can also resemble this kind of leukemia. In this review we trace the role of RARγ, considering both its physiological and oncogenic contribution; from 2011 to date, nine cases of patients harboring RARG fusions have been reported. These patients showed typical APL features, including the clinical presentation, coagulation abnormalities and morphological features of bone marrow (BM), but are not responsive to APL standard therapy. We stress the urgent need for a better comprehension of the critical role of RARG dysregulation in the leukemogenesis process, since optimum therapy strategies have not yet been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Conserva
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Immacolata Redavid
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Anelli
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Zagaria
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Albano
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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26
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Zhang X, Li F, Wang J, Suo S, Ling Q, Yu W, Jin J. RARγ-rearrangements resemble acute promyelocytic leukemia and benefit from 3 + 7 regimen. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:1831-1834. [PMID: 30632861 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1553302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- a Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , PR China
- b Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , PR China
- c Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Fenglin Li
- a Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , PR China
- b Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , PR China
- c Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- a Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , PR China
- b Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , PR China
- c Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Shanshan Suo
- a Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , PR China
- b Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , PR China
- c Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Qing Ling
- a Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , PR China
- b Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , PR China
- c Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- a Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , PR China
- b Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , PR China
- c Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Jie Jin
- a Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , PR China
- b Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , PR China
- c Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment , Zhejiang , PR China
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27
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Conserva MR, Anelli L, Zagaria A, Specchia G, Albano F. The Pleiotropic Role of Retinoic Acid/Retinoic Acid Receptors Signaling: From Vitamin A Metabolism to Gene Rearrangements in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122921. [PMID: 31207999 PMCID: PMC6627493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of retinoic acid receptors (RARs: RARα, -β, and -γ) has remarkable pleiotropy characteristics, since the retinoic acid/RARs pathway is involved in numerous biological processes not only during embryonic development, but also in the postnatal phase and during adulthood. In this review, we trace the roles of RA/RARs signaling in the immune system (where this pathway has both an immunosuppressive role or is involved in the inflammatory response), in hematopoiesis (enhancing hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, progenitor cells differentiation or maintaining the bone marrow microenvironment homeostasis), and in bone remodeling (where this pathway seems to have controversial effects on bone formation or osteoclast activation). Moreover, in this review is shown the involvement of RAR genes in multiple chromosomal rearrangements generating different fusion genes in hematological neoplasms, with a particular focus on acute promyelocytic leukemia and its variant subtypes. The effect of different RARs fusion proteins on leukemic transformation, on patients’ outcome, and on therapy response is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Conserva
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luisa Anelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Zagaria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Albano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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28
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Thomas X. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A History over 60 Years-From the Most Malignant to the most Curable Form of Acute Leukemia. Oncol Ther 2019; 7:33-65. [PMID: 32700196 PMCID: PMC7360001 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-018-0091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is cytogenetically characterized by a balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17, which results in the fusion of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) genes. Because patients with APL present a tendency for severe bleeding, often resulting in an early fatal course, APL was historically considered to be one of the most fatal forms of acute leukemia. However, therapeutic advances, including anthracycline- and cytarabine-based chemotherapy, have significantly improved the outcomes of APL patients. Due to the further introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and-more recently-the development of arsenic trioxide (ATO)-containing regimens, APL is currently the most curable form of AML in adults. Treatment with these new agents has introduced the concept of cure through targeted therapy. With the advent of revolutionary ATRA-ATO combination therapies, chemotherapy can now be safely omitted from the treatment of low-risk APL patients. In this article, we review the six-decade history of APL, from its initial characterization to the era of chemotherapy-free ATRA-ATO, a model of cancer-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Thomas
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hematology Department, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Pierre Bénite, France.
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29
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Wen L, Xu Y, Yao L, Wang N, Wang Q, Liu T, Pan J, Cen J, Zhou H, Miao M, Shao YW, Wang X, Wang X, Ruan C, Wu D, Chen S. Clinical and molecular features of acute promyelocytic leukemia with variant retinoid acid receptor fusions. Haematologica 2019; 104:e195-e199. [PMID: 30237272 PMCID: PMC6518904 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.205369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Translocation, Genetic
- Young Adult
- Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Nana Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qinrong Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinlan Pan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiannong Cen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huifeng Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Miao Miao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang W Shao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Suning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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30
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Chen X, Wang F, Zhang Y, Teng W, Cao P, Ma X, Liu M, Tian Y, Wang T, Nie D, Zhang J, Liu H, Wang W. A novel NPM1-RARG-NPM1 chimeric fusion in acute myeloid leukaemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukaemia but resistant to all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:1023-1025. [PMID: 30996344 PMCID: PMC6738072 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The RARG gene is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and shares high homology with RARA and RARB. RARA is involved in translocation with PML in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). Little is known about RARB or RARG rearrangement. RARG fusions were reported in only five APL patients and the partner genes were NUP98, PML and CPSF6. Here, we report NPM1 as a new partner gene of RARG and identify a unique NPM1-RARG-NPM1 chimeric fusion for the first time in an old male with morphological and immunophenotypical features of hypergranular APL but lacking response to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) therapy. The structural features of the fusion transcript may account for the clinical resistance of the patient. RARG fusion is rare but recurrent in APL, further investigation in larger cohorts is expected to assess frequency, clinical characteristics and outcomes of RARG-translocation in APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, 065201, Langfang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, 065201, Langfang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, 065201, Langfang, China
| | - Wen Teng
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, 065201, Langfang, China
| | - Panxiang Cao
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, 065201, Langfang, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, 065201, Langfang, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, 065201, Langfang, China
| | - Yaoyao Tian
- Department of Hematology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, 065201, Langfang, China
| | - Daijing Nie
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, 065201, Langfang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, 065201, Langfang, China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, 065201, Langfang, China.
- Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, 100076, Beijing, China.
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Lu Daopei Hospital, Beijing, 100076, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China.
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31
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A case of acute myeloid leukemia with promyelocytic features characterized by expression of a novel RARG- CPSF6 fusion. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1295-1299. [PMID: 29891591 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017014183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Novel RARG-CPSF6 fusion in an AML case with promyelocytic features and no evidence of PML-RARA or X-RARA fusion. Gene fusions involving RARG can initiate AML with promyelocytic morphological features.
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32
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Luo H, Zhang S, Li K, Chen XH, Li YC, Sun Y, Liu LF, Yu HY, Zhu HH. A novel entity of acute myeloid leukaemia with recurrent RARG-rearrangement resembling acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Leuk Res 2019; 77:14-16. [PMID: 30612054 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
MESH Headings
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Retinoid X Receptors/genetics
- Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Suo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xing-Hua Chen
- Beijing High Trust Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yan-Chun Li
- Beijing High Trust Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Beijing High Trust Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Li-Feng Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, Qiqihar, 161005, China
| | - Hui-Yang Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, Qiqihar, 161005, China.
| | - Hong-Hu Zhu
- Department of Hematology& Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Coccaro N, Zagaria A, Orsini P, Anelli L, Tota G, Casieri P, Impera L, Minervini A, Minervini CF, Cumbo C, Parciante E, Mestice A, Delia M, Brunetti C, Specchia G, Albano F. RARA and RARG gene downregulation associated with EZH2 mutation in acute promyelocytic-like morphology leukemia. Hum Pathol 2018; 80:82-86. [PMID: 29530751 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients express PML-RARA fusion; in rare cases, RARA is rearranged with partner genes other than PML. To date, only 2 patients presenting features similar to APL showing the RARG gene rearrangement have been described. We report an acute myeloid leukemia patient with morphology resembling APL without involvement of the RARA gene. Molecular and fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses excluded PML-RARA fusion and variant rearrangements involving RARA and RARG loci. Targeted next-generation sequencing showed EZH2- D185H mutation. As this mutation involved the region of interaction with DNA methyltransferases, we speculate an epigenetic alteration of genes involved in the APL-like phenotype. Expression analysis by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction revealed downregulation of the RARA and RARG genes. We hypothesize a novel mechanism of EZH2 function alteration, which may be responsible for an acute myeloid leukemia with APL-like phenotype featuring dysregulation of the RARA and RARG genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Coccaro
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Zagaria
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Orsini
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Anelli
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Tota
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Casieri
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luciana Impera
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Minervini
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Crescenzio F Minervini
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Cumbo
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisa Parciante
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Mestice
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Delia
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Brunetti
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Albano
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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34
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Qin YZ, Huang XJ, Zhu HH. Identification of a novel CPSF6-RARG fusion transcript in acute myeloid leukemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2018; 32:2285-2287. [PMID: 29568099 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhen Qin
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Hu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.
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35
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Liu T, Wen L, Yuan H, Wang Y, Yao L, Xu Y, Cen J, Ruan C, Wu D, Chen S. Identification of novel recurrent CPSF6-RARG fusions in acute myeloid leukemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 2018; 131:1870-1873. [PMID: 29487068 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-818716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors/genetics
- mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xian, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiannong Cen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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36
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Ha JS, Do YR, Ki CS, Lee C, Kim DH, Lee W, Ryoo NH, Jeon DS. Identification of a novel PML-RARG fusion in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2017; 31:1992-1995. [PMID: 28555082 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
- Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Ha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y R Do
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - C-S Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-H Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - W Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - N-H Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - D-S Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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37
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Fahrenkrog B, Martinelli V, Nilles N, Fruhmann G, Chatel G, Juge S, Sauder U, Di Giacomo D, Mecucci C, Schwaller J. Expression of Leukemia-Associated Nup98 Fusion Proteins Generates an Aberrant Nuclear Envelope Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152321. [PMID: 27031510 PMCID: PMC4816316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations involving the nucleoporin NUP98 have been described in several hematopoietic malignancies, in particular acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the resulting chimeric proteins, Nup98's N-terminal region is fused to the C-terminal region of about 30 different partners, including homeodomain (HD) transcription factors. While transcriptional targets of distinct Nup98 chimeras related to immortalization are relatively well described, little is known about other potential cellular effects of these fusion proteins. By comparing the sub-nuclear localization of a large number of Nup98 fusions with HD and non-HD partners throughout the cell cycle we found that while all Nup98 chimeras were nuclear during interphase, only Nup98-HD fusion proteins exhibited a characteristic speckled appearance. During mitosis, only Nup98-HD fusions were concentrated on chromosomes. Despite the difference in localization, all tested Nup98 chimera provoked morphological alterations in the nuclear envelope (NE), in particular affecting the nuclear lamina and the lamina-associated polypeptide 2α (LAP2α). Importantly, such aberrations were not only observed in transiently transfected HeLa cells but also in mouse bone marrow cells immortalized by Nup98 fusions and in cells derived from leukemia patients harboring Nup98 fusions. Our findings unravel Nup98 fusion-associated NE alterations that may contribute to leukemogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cell Cycle
- DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- HeLa Cells
- Homeodomain Proteins/analysis
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/analysis
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mitosis
- Nuclear Envelope/genetics
- Nuclear Envelope/metabolism
- Nuclear Envelope/pathology
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/analysis
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Fahrenkrog
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
- * E-mail: (BF); (JS)
| | - Valérie Martinelli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Nadine Nilles
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Gernot Fruhmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Chatel
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Sabine Juge
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Sauder
- Biozentrum, Microscopy Center, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danika Di Giacomo
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jürg Schwaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (BF); (JS)
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38
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Hu J, Hong X, Li Z, Lu Q. Acute monocytic leukaemia with t(11; 12) (p15; q13) chromosomal changes: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2307-2310. [PMID: 26622840 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a type of heterogeneous disease derived from haematopoietic stem cells. Cytogenetic characterisation is essential for diagnosis and prognosis stratification. Here, we present the case of a 43-year-old female diagnosed with leukaemia, who demonstrated a rare chromosomal change of t(11; 12) (p15; q13) along with a positive FLT3-ITD mutation. The patient had a white blood cell count of 76.41×109/l. Bone marrow morphology revealed that monoblasts accounted for 25.5% of cells, and premonocytes accounted for 49.0%. This patient strongly responded to idarubicin and Ara-c (cytarabine) chemotherapy, which rapidly eliminated the leukaemia cell clones. However, the proliferation rate of the leukaemia cells was high during the intermission of chemotherapy. Subsequently, following two courses of chemotherapy, full haematological remission could not be attained. AML patients with t(11; 12) (p15; q13) combined with FLT3-ITD mutations are expected to have a short life expectancy; however, early haematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy may improve the treatment outcome for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Hu
- Department of Haematology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Hong
- Department of Haematology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Quanyi Lu
- Department of Haematology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
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39
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Foucar K, Anastasi J. Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Recurrent Cytogenetic Abnormalities. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144:6-18. [PMID: 26071458 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpi9c8uilyqtns] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Session 1 of the 2013 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Hematopathology Workshop was devoted to the cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. METHODS Based on World Health Organization 2008 criteria, seven specific translocations are defined as "recurrent" in AML. Of these seven, three are considered to be AML defining regardless of blast percentage. Workshop cases provided the opportunity to consider potential new AML-defining cytogenetic mutations, as well as other unique aspects of AML with cytogenetic abnormalities. RESULTS Most of the 38 cases submitted were acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with t(15;17)(q24.1;q21.1) and so-called variants (12 cases), AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22) (seven cases), AML with inv(3)(q11q26.2) (six cases), and AML with 11q23 translocations (five cases). CONCLUSIONS This review focuses on providing updated recommendations for the rapid diagnosis of APL, discussing the types and significance of variant RARA mutations in APL-like leukemias, and refining low-blast-count (oligoblastic) AML. In addition, the significance of unique morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic variations in AML defined by a recurrent cytogenetic abnormality is included.
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40
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Qiu JJ, Zeisig BB, Li S, Liu W, Chu H, Song Y, Giordano A, Schwaller J, Gronemeyer H, Dong S, So CWE. Critical role of retinoid/rexinoid signaling in mediating transformation and therapeutic response of NUP98-RARG leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 29:1153-62. [PMID: 25510432 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
While the nucleoporin 98-retinoic acid receptor gamma (NUP98-RARG) is the first RARG fusion protein found in acute leukemia, its roles and the molecular basis in oncogenic transformation are currently unknown. Here, we showed that homodimeric NUP98-RARG not only acquired unique nuclear localization pattern and ability of recruiting both RXRA and wild-type NUP98, but also exhibited similar transcriptional properties as RARA fusions found in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Using murine bone marrow retroviral transduction/transformation assay, we further demonstrated that NUP98-RARG fusion protein had gained transformation ability of primary hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, which was critically dependent on the C-terminal GLFG domain of NUP98 and the DNA binding domain (DBD) of RARG. In contrast to other NUP98 fusions, cells transformed by the NUP98-RARG fusion were extremely sensitive to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment. Interestingly, while pan-RXR agonists, SR11237 and LGD1069 could specifically inhibit NUP98-RARG transformed cells, mutation of the RXR interaction domain in NUP98-RARG had little effect on its transformation, revealing that therapeutic functions of rexinoid can be independent of the direct biochemical interaction between RXR and the fusion. Together, these results indicate that deregulation of the retinoid/rexinoid signaling pathway has a major role and may represent a potential therapeutic target for NUP98-RARG-mediated transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Qiu
- 1] Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B B Zeisig
- King's College London, Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Department of Haematologial Medicine, London UK
| | - S Li
- 1] Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - W Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - H Chu
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Giordano
- 1] Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine & Center for Biotechology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - J Schwaller
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Department of Biomedicine, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Gronemeyer
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut Génétique de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UdS/CERBM, C.U. de Strasbourg, BP 10142, Illkirch-Cedex, France
| | - S Dong
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C W E So
- King's College London, Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Department of Haematologial Medicine, London UK
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41
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di Masi A, Leboffe L, De Marinis E, Pagano F, Cicconi L, Rochette-Egly C, Lo-Coco F, Ascenzi P, Nervi C. Retinoic acid receptors: from molecular mechanisms to cancer therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 41:1-115. [PMID: 25543955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic development and adult physiology. The RA activity is mediated primarily by members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subfamily, namely RARα, RARβ and RARγ, which belong to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors. RARs form heterodimers with members of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamily and act as ligand-regulated transcription factors through binding specific RA response elements (RAREs) located in target genes promoters. RARs also have non-genomic effects and activate kinase signaling pathways, which fine-tune the transcription of the RA target genes. The disruption of RA signaling pathways is thought to underlie the etiology of a number of hematological and non-hematological malignancies, including leukemias, skin cancer, head/neck cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma. Of note, RA and its derivatives (retinoids) are employed as potential chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents because of their differentiation, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant effects. In humans, retinoids reverse premalignant epithelial lesions, induce the differentiation of myeloid normal and leukemic cells, and prevent lung, liver, and breast cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that regulate the RA and retinoid signaling pathways. Moreover, mechanisms through which deregulation of RA signaling pathways ultimately impact on cancer are examined. Finally, the therapeutic effects of retinoids are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - Loris Leboffe
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Marinis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100
| | - Laura Cicconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Roma I-00133, Italy; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, Roma I-00142, Italy
| | - Cécile Rochette-Egly
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 964, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, Illkirch Cedex F-67404, France.
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Roma I-00133, Italy; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, Roma I-00142, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, Roma I-00146, Italy.
| | - Clara Nervi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100.
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42
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Such E, Cordón L, Sempere A, Villamón E, Ibañez M, Luna I, Gómez-Seguí I, López-Pavía M, Alonso C, Lo-Coco F, Cervera J, Sanz MA. In vitro all-trans retinoic acid sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia blasts with NUP98/RARG fusion gene. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:1931-3. [PMID: 24728721 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Such
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain,
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Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the sole gateways between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and they mediate all macromolecular trafficking between these cellular compartments. Nucleocytoplasmic transport is highly selective and precisely regulated and as such an important aspect of normal cellular function. Defects in this process or in its machinery have been linked to various human diseases, including cancer. Nucleoporins, which are about 30 proteins that built up NPCs, are critical players in nucleocytoplasmic transport and have also been shown to be key players in numerous other cellular processes, such as cell cycle control and gene expression regulation. This review will focus on the three nucleoporins Nup98, Nup214, and Nup358. Common to them is their significance in nucleocytoplasmic transport, their multiple other functions, and being targets for chromosomal translocations that lead to haematopoietic malignancies, in particular acute myeloid leukaemia. The underlying molecular mechanisms of nucleoporin-associated leukaemias are only poorly understood but share some characteristics and are distinguished by their poor prognosis and therapy outcome.
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Functional and molecular features of the calmodulin-interacting protein IQCG required for haematopoiesis in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3811. [PMID: 24787902 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a fusion protein NUP98-IQCG in an acute leukaemia, which functions as an aberrant regulator of transcriptional expression, yet the structure and function of IQCG have not been characterized. Here we use zebrafish to investigate the role of iqcg in haematopoietic development, and find that the numbers of haematopoietic stem cells and multilineage-differentiated cells are reduced in iqcg-deficient embryos. Mechanistically, IQCG binds to calmodulin (CaM) and acts as a molecule upstream of CaM-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV). Crystal structures of complexes between CaM and IQ domain of IQCG reveal dual CaM-binding footprints in this motif, and provide a structural basis for a higher CaM-IQCG affinity when deprived of calcium. The results collectively allow us to understand IQCG-mediated calcium signalling in haematopoiesis, and propose a model in which IQCG stores CaM at low cytoplasmic calcium concentrations, and releases CaM to activate CaMKIV when calcium level rises.
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Nichol JN, Garnier N, Miller WH. Triple A therapy: the molecular underpinnings of the unique sensitivity of leukemic promyelocytes to anthracyclines, all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2014; 27:19-31. [PMID: 24907014 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
If looking for a mnemonic to remember the relevant facts about acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), one just has to remember that APL is a disease of A's. It is acute and it is highly sensitive to treatment with anthracyclines, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). The presence of fusions involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) is without question the central player driving APL and dictating the response of this disease to these therapeutic agents. However, beyond this knowledge, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the complicated pathogenesis and the response to treatment of APL are not completely defined. As more is understood about this hematological malignancy, there are more opportunities to refine and improve treatment based on this knowledge. In this review article, we discuss the response of APL to these "A" therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Nichol
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Comprehensive Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Garnier
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Comprehensive Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Comprehensive Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.
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46
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Takeda A, Yaseen NR. Nucleoporins and nucleocytoplasmic transport in hematologic malignancies. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 27:3-10. [PMID: 24657637 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are often associated with chromosomal rearrangements that lead to the expression of chimeric fusion proteins. Rearrangements of the genes encoding two nucleoporins, NUP98 and NUP214, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of hematologic malignancies, particularly acute myeloid leukemia. NUP98 rearrangements result in fusion of an N-terminal portion of NUP98 to one of numerous proteins. These rearrangements often follow treatment with topoisomerase II inhibitors and tend to occur in younger patients. They have been shown to induce leukemia in mice and to enhance proliferation and disrupt differentiation in primary human hematopoietic precursors. NUP214 has only a few fusion partners. DEK-NUP214 is the most common NUP214 fusion in AML; it tends to occur in younger patients and is usually associated with FLT3 internal tandem duplications. The leukemogenic activity of NUP214 fusions is less well characterized. Normal nucleoporins, including NUP98 and NUP214, have important functions in nucleocytoplasmic transport, transcription, and mitosis. These functions and their disruptions by oncogenic nucleoporin fusions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takeda
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, United States.
| | - Nabeel R Yaseen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, United States.
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47
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Zanesi N, Balatti V, Riordan J, Burch A, Rizzotto L, Palamarchuk A, Cascione L, Lagana A, Dupuy AJ, Croce CM, Pekarsky Y. A Sleeping Beauty screen reveals NF-kB activation in CLL mouse model. Blood 2013; 121:4355-8. [PMID: 23591791 PMCID: PMC3663428 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-486035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TCL1 oncogene is overexpressed in aggressive form of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and its dysregulation in mouse B cells causes a CD5-positive leukemia similar to the aggressive form of human CLLs. To identify oncogenes that cooperate with Tcl1, we performed genetic screen in Eμ-TCL1 mice using Sleeping Beauty transposon-mediated mutagenesis. Analysis of transposon common insertion sites identified 7 genes activated by transposon insertions. Overexpression of these genes in mouse CLL was confirmed by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, the main known function of 4 of 7 genes (Nfkb1, Tab2, Map3K14, and Nfkbid) is participation in or activation of the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathway. In addition, activation of the NF-kB is 1 of main functions of Akt2, also identified in the screen. These findings demonstrate cooperation of Tcl1 and the NF-kB pathway in the pathogenesis of aggressive CLL. Identification cooperating cancer genes will result in the development of combinatorial therapies to treat CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/physiology
- Genetic Testing/methods
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutagenesis, Insertional/methods
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/genetics
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transposases/genetics
- NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zanesi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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48
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Grimwade D, Mrózek K. Diagnostic and prognostic value of cytogenetics in acute myeloid leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2012; 25:1135-61, vii. [PMID: 22093581 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The last 4 decades have seen major advances in understanding the genetic basis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and substantial improvements in survival of children and young adults with the disease. A key step forward was the discovery that AML cells harbor recurring cytogenetic abnormalities. The identification of the genes involved in chromosomal rearrangements has provided insights into the regulation of normal hematopoiesis and how disruption of key transcription factors and epigenetic modulators promote leukemic transformation. Cytogenetics has been widely adopted to provide the framework for development of risk-stratified treatment approaches to patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grimwade
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, 8th Floor, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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49
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Abstract
Structural chromosomal rearrangements of the Nucleoporin 98 gene (NUP98), primarily balanced translocations and inversions, are associated with a wide array of hematopoietic malignancies. NUP98 is known to be fused to at least 28 different partner genes in patients with hematopoietic malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis, myelodysplastic syndrome, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and bilineage/biphenotypic leukemia. NUP98 gene fusions typically encode a fusion protein that retains the amino terminus of NUP98; in this context, it is important to note that several recent studies have demonstrated that the amino-terminal portion of NUP98 exhibits transcription activation potential. Approximately half of the NUP98 fusion partners encode homeodomain proteins, and at least 5 NUP98 fusions involve known histone-modifying genes. Several of the NUP98 fusions, including NUP98-homeobox (HOX)A9, NUP98-HOXD13, and NUP98-JARID1A, have been used to generate animal models of both lymphoid and myeloid malignancy; these models typically up-regulate HOXA cluster genes, including HOXA5, HOXA7, HOXA9, and HOXA10. In addition, several of the NUP98 fusion proteins have been shown to inhibit differentiation of hematopoietic precursors and to increase self-renewal of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells, providing a potential mechanism for malignant transformation.
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50
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Vaklavas C, Steciuk MR, Ren Y, Baird MF, Mikhail FM, Foran JM. A case of acute promyelocytic leukemia without RARα rearrangement and apparently normal cytogenetics. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2011; 11:521-4. [PMID: 21729689 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Vaklavas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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