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Sveshnikova AN, Shibeko AM, Kovalenko TA, Panteleev MA. Kinetics and regulation of coagulation factor X activation by intrinsic tenase on phospholipid membranes. J Theor Biol 2024; 582:111757. [PMID: 38336240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor X activation by the phospholipid-bound intrinsic tenase complex is a critical membrane-dependent reaction of blood coagulation. Its regulation mechanisms are unclear, and a number of questions regarding diffusional limitation, pathways of assembly and substrate delivery remain open. METHODS We develop and analyze here a detailed mechanism-driven computer model of intrinsic tenase on phospholipid surfaces. Three-dimensional reaction-diffusion-advection and stochastic simulations were used where appropriate. RESULTS Dynamics of the system was predominantly non-stationary under physiological conditions. In order to describe experimental data, we had to assume both membrane-dependent and solution-dependent delivery of the substrate. The former pathway dominated at low cofactor concentration, while the latter became important at low phospholipid concentration. Factor VIIIa-factor X complex formation was the major pathway of the complex assembly, and the model predicted high affinity for their lipid-dependent interaction. Although the model predicted formation of the diffusion-limited layer of substrate for some conditions, the effects of this limitation on the fXa production were small. Flow accelerated fXa production in a flow reactor model by bringing in fIXa and fVIIIa rather than fX. CONCLUSIONS This analysis suggests a concept of intrinsic tenase that is non-stationary, employs several pathways of substrate delivery depending on the conditions, and is not particularly limited by diffusion of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Sveshnikova
- National Medical and Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, Moscow, 117198, Russia; Faculty of Fundamental Physico-Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/51 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8/2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia; Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey M Shibeko
- National Medical and Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, Moscow, 117198, Russia; Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Kovalenko
- National Medical and Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, Moscow, 117198, Russia; Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- National Medical and Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named After Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, Moscow, 117198, Russia; Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Peters SC, Childers KC, Mitchell CE, Avery NG, Reese SS, Mitchell C, Wo SW, Swanson CD, Brison CM, Spiegel PC. Stable binding to phosphatidylserine-containing membranes requires conserved arginine residues in tandem C domains of blood coagulation factor VIII. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1040106. [PMID: 36387287 PMCID: PMC9643838 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At sites of vascular damage, factor VIII (fVIII) is proteolytically activated by thrombin and binds to activated platelet surfaces with activated factor IX (fIXa) to form the intrinsic "tenase" complex. Previous structural and mutational studies of fVIII have identified the C1 and C2 domains in binding to negatively charged membrane surfaces through β-hairpin loops with solvent-exposed hydrophobic residues and a ring of positively charged basic residues. Several hemophilia A-associated mutations within the C domains are suggested to disrupt lipid binding, preventing formation of the intrinsic tenase complex. In this study, we devised a novel platform for generating recombinant C1, C2, and C1C2 domain constructs and performed mutagenesis of several charged residues proximal to the putative membrane binding region of each C domain. Binding measurements between phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing lipid membrane surfaces and fVIII C domains demonstrated an ionic strength dependence on membrane binding affinity. Mutations to basic residues adjacent to the surface-exposed hydrophobic regions of C1 and C2 differentially disrupted membrane binding, with abrogation of binding occurring for mutations to conserved arginine residues in the C1 (R2163) and C2 (R2320) domains. Lastly, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of the porcine fVIII C2 domain bound to o-phospho-L-serine, the polar headgroup of PS, which binds to a basic cleft and makes charge-charge contact with R2320. We conclude that basic clefts in the fVIII C domains bind to PS-containing membranes through conserved arginine residues via a C domain modularity, where each C domain possesses modest electrostatic-dependent affinity and tandem C domains are required for high affinity binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P. Clint Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
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3
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Childers KC, Peters SC, Spiegel PC. Structural insights into blood coagulation factor VIII: Procoagulant complexes, membrane binding, and antibody inhibition. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1957-1970. [PMID: 35722946 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in structural studies of blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) have provided unique insight into FVIII biochemistry. Atomic detail models of the B domain-deleted FVIII structure alone and in complex with its circulatory partner, von Willebrand factor (VWF), provide a structure-based rationale for hemophilia A-associated mutations which impair FVIII stability and increase FVIII clearance rates. In this review, we discuss the findings from these studies and their implications toward the design of a recombinant FVIII with improved circulatory half-life. Additionally, we highlight recent structural studies of FVIII bound to inhibitory antibodies that have refined our understanding of FVIII binding to activated platelet membranes and formation of the intrinsic tenase complex. The combination of bioengineering and structural efforts to understand FVIII biochemistry will improve therapeutics for treating hemophilia A, either through FVIII replacement therapeutics, immune tolerance induction, or gene therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Childers
- Chemistry Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Shaun C Peters
- Chemistry Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Paul Clint Spiegel
- Chemistry Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
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Shestopal SA, Parunov LA, Olivares P, Chun H, Ovanesov MV, Pettersson JR, Sarafanov AG. Isolated Variable Domains of an Antibody Can Assemble on Blood Coagulation Factor VIII into a Functional Fv-like Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158134. [PMID: 35897712 PMCID: PMC9330781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-chain variable fragments (scFv) are antigen-recognizing variable fragments of antibodies (FV) where both subunits (VL and VH) are connected via an artificial linker. One particular scFv, iKM33, directed against blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) was shown to inhibit major FVIII functions and is useful in FVIII research. We aimed to investigate the properties of iKM33 enabled with protease-dependent disintegration. Three variants of iKM33 bearing thrombin cleavage sites within the linker were expressed using a baculovirus system and purified by two-step chromatography. All proteins retained strong binding to FVIII by surface plasmon resonance, and upon thrombin cleavage, dissociated into VL and VH as shown by size-exclusion chromatography. However, in FVIII activity and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 binding assays, the thrombin-cleaved iKM33 variants were still inhibitory. In a pull-down assay using an FVIII-affinity sorbent, the isolated VH, a mixture of VL and VH, and intact iKM33 were carried over via FVIII analyzed by electrophoresis. We concluded that the isolated VL and VH assembled into scFv-like heterodimer on FVIII, and the isolated VH alone also bound FVIII. We discuss the potential use of both protease-cleavable scFvs and isolated Fv subunits retaining high affinity to the antigens in various practical applications such as therapeutics, diagnostics, and research.
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Ohkubo YZ, Madsen JJ. Uncovering Membrane-Bound Models of Coagulation Factors by Combined Experimental and Computational Approaches. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:1122-1137. [PMID: 34214998 PMCID: PMC8432591 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the life sciences, including hemostasis and thrombosis, methods of structural biology have become indispensable tools for shedding light on underlying mechanisms that govern complex biological processes. Advancements of the relatively young field of computational biology have matured to a point where it is increasingly recognized as trustworthy and useful, in part due to their high space–time resolution that is unparalleled by most experimental techniques to date. In concert with biochemical and biophysical approaches, computational studies have therefore proven time and again in recent years to be key assets in building or suggesting structural models for membrane-bound forms of coagulation factors and their supramolecular complexes on membrane surfaces where they are activated. Such endeavors and the proposed models arising from them are of fundamental importance in describing and understanding the molecular basis of hemostasis under both health and disease conditions. We summarize the body of work done in this important area of research to drive forward both experimental and computational studies toward new discoveries and potential future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zenmei Ohkubo
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Jesper J Madsen
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
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6
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Factor VIII-antibody structure and membrane binding. Blood 2021; 137:2866-2868. [PMID: 34042979 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021010947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Chatterjee M, Meeks S, Novakovic VA, Gilbert GE. Discordance between platelet-supported and vesicle-supported factor VIII activity in the presence of anti-C2 domain inhibitory antibodies. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3184-3193. [PMID: 32558078 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that factor VIII (FVIII) binds to a macromolecular complex including fibrin on thrombin-stimulated platelets and that two antibodies against FVIII diminish platelet-supported FVIII activity more than vesicle-supported activity. The C2 domain of FVIII is known to bind to phospholipid membrane and also binds fibrin. OBJECTIVES We asked whether the degree of inhibition by anti-C2 antibodies would show differences between platelet-supported and the standard activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay. METHODS We evaluated the inhibition by a well-defined panel of monoclonal anti-C2 domain antibodies encompassing the major epitopes of the C2 domain. Activity was measured in an activated platelet time (aPT) assay containing fresh, density gradient-purified human platelets. RESULTS The aPT exhibited a log-linear relationship between FVIII and time to fibrin formation over a 4-log range, encompassing 0.01% to 100% plasma FVIII. Nine of 10 mAbs inhibited 89% to 96% of FVIII activity, whereas mAb F85 did not. There was no correlation between the degree of inhibition in the aPTT-based assay and the platelet assay. In particular, four mAbs did not inhibit the aPTT assay, yet inhibited 90% of platelet-based activity. Residual FVIII activity in purified-protein assays, relying on platelets, correlated with the aPT assay. CONCLUSIONS The degree of FVIII impairment by some inhibitor antibodies is substantially different on platelet membranes vs synthetic vesicles. Thus, current inhibitor assays may underestimate the frequency of significant inhibitors, and a platelet-based assay may more accurately assess bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumouli Chatterjee
- Departments of Medicine & Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon Meeks
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare Atlanta/Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Valerie A Novakovic
- Departments of Medicine & Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary E Gilbert
- Departments of Medicine & Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Przeradzka MA, Freato N, Boon-Spijker M, van Galen J, van der Zwaan C, Mertens K, van den Biggelaar M, Meijer AB. Unique surface-exposed hydrophobic residues in the C1 domain of factor VIII contribute to cofactor function and von Willebrand factor binding. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:364-372. [PMID: 31675465 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identity of the amino acid regions of factor VIII (FVIII) that contribute to factor IXa (FIXa) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding has not been fully resolved. Previously, we observed that replacing the FVIII C1 domain for the one of factor V (FV) markedly reduces VWF binding and cofactor function. Compared to the FV C1 domain, this implies that the FVIII C1 domain comprises unique surface-exposed elements involved in VWF and FIXa interaction. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to identify residues in the FVIII C1 domain that contribute to VWF and FIXa binding. METHODS Structures and primary sequences of FVIII and FV were compared to identify surface-exposed residues unique to the FVIII C1 domain. The identified residues were replaced with alanine residues to identify their role in FIXa and VWF interaction. This role was assessed employing surface plasmon resonance analysis studies and enzyme kinetic assays. RESULTS Five surface-exposed hydrophobic residues unique to the FVIII C1 domain, ie, F2035, F2068, F2127, V2130, I2139 were identified. Functional analysis indicated that residues F2068, V2130, and especially F2127 contribute to VWF and/or FIXa interaction. Substitution into alanine of the also surface-exposed V2125, which is spatially next to F2127, affected only VWF binding. CONCLUSION The surface-exposed hydrophobic residues in C1 domain contribute to cofactor function and VWF binding. These findings provide novel information on the fundamental role of the C1 domain in FVIII life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata A Przeradzka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Freato
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte Boon-Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josse van Galen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen van der Zwaan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Mertens
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander B Meijer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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9
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Smith IW, d’Aquino AE, Coyle CW, Fedanov A, Parker ET, Denning G, Spencer HT, Lollar P, Doering CB, Spiegel PC. The 3.2 Å structure of a bioengineered variant of blood coagulation factor VIII indicates two conformations of the C2 domain. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:57-69. [PMID: 31454152 PMCID: PMC6940532 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation factor VIII represents one of the oldest protein-based therapeutics, serving as an effective hemophilia A treatment for half a century. Optimal treatment consists of repeated intravenous infusions of blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) per week for life. Despite overall treatment success, significant limitations remain, including treatment invasiveness, duration, immunogenicity, and cost. These issues have inspired research into the development of bioengineered FVIII products and gene therapies. OBJECTIVES To structurally characterize a bioengineered construct of FVIII, termed ET3i, which is a human/porcine chimeric B domain-deleted heterodimer with improved expression and slower A2 domain dissociation following proteolytic activation by thrombin. METHODS The structure of ET3i was characterized with X-ray crystallography and tandem mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics. RESULTS Here, we report the 3.2 Å crystal structure of ET3i and characterize the distribution of N-linked glycans with LC-MS/MS glycoproteomics. This structure shows remarkable conservation with the human FVIII protein and provides a detailed view of the interface between the A2 domain and the remaining FVIII structure. With two FVIII molecules in the crystal, we observe two conformations of the C2 domain relative to the remaining FVIII structure. The improved model and stereochemistry of ET3i served as a scaffold to generate an improved, refined structure of human FVIII. With the original datasets at 3.7 Å and 4.0 Å resolution, this new structure resulted in improved refinement statistics. CONCLUSIONS These improved structures yield a more confident model for next-generation engineering efforts to develop FVIII therapeutics with longer half-lives, higher expression levels, and lower immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, MS 9150, Bellingham, WA 98225-9150
| | - Anne E. d’Aquino
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, MS 9150, Bellingham, WA 98225-9150
| | - Christopher W. Coyle
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Andrew Fedanov
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ernest T. Parker
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - H. Trent Spencer
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Pete Lollar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Christopher B. Doering
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - P. Clint Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, MS 9150, Bellingham, WA 98225-9150
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Single-molecule nanomechanical spectroscopy shows calcium ions contribute to chain association and structural flexibility of blood clotting factor VIII. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:857-861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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11
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The evolving understanding of factor VIII binding sites and implications for the treatment of hemophilia A. Blood Rev 2019; 33:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Slatter DA, Percy CL, Allen-Redpath K, Gajsiewicz JM, Brooks NJ, Clayton A, Tyrrell VJ, Rosas M, Lauder SN, Watson A, Dul M, Garcia-Diaz Y, Aldrovandi M, Heurich M, Hall J, Morrissey JH, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Delignat S, Jenkins PV, Collins PW, O'Donnell VB. Enzymatically oxidized phospholipids restore thrombin generation in coagulation factor deficiencies. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98459. [PMID: 29563336 PMCID: PMC5926910 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemostatic defects are treated using coagulation factors; however, clot formation also requires a procoagulant phospholipid (PL) surface. Here, we show that innate immune cell–derived enzymatically oxidized phospholipids (eoxPL) termed hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid–phospholipids (HETE-PLs) restore hemostasis in human and murine conditions of pathological bleeding. HETE-PLs abolished blood loss in murine hemophilia A and enhanced coagulation in factor VIII- (FVIII-), FIX-, and FX-deficient human plasma . HETE-PLs were decreased in platelets from patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). To explore molecular mechanisms, the ability of eoxPL to stimulate individual isolated coagulation factor/cofactor complexes was tested in vitro. Extrinsic tenase (FVIIa/tissue factor [TF]), intrinsic tenase (FVIIIa/FIXa), and prothrombinase (FVa/FXa) all were enhanced by both HETE-PEs and HETE-PCs, suggesting a common mechanism involving the fatty acid moiety. In plasma, 9-, 15-, and 12-HETE-PLs were more effective than 5-, 11-, or 8-HETE-PLs, indicating positional isomer specificity. Coagulation was enhanced at lower lipid/factor ratios, consistent with a more concentrated area for protein binding. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed binding of FII and FX to HETE-PEs. HETE-PEs increased membrane curvature and thickness, but not surface charge or homogeneity, possibly suggesting increased accessibility to cations/factors. In summary, innate immune-derived eoxPL enhance calcium-dependent coagulation factor function, and their potential utility in bleeding disorders is proposed. Innate immune-derived enzymatically oxidized phospholipids enhance calcium-dependent coagulation factor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Slatter
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Charles L Percy
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Allen-Redpath
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua M Gajsiewicz
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nick J Brooks
- Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aled Clayton
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Velindre Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, and
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marcela Rosas
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah N Lauder
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Watson
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Dul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Yoel Garcia-Diaz
- School of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Meike Heurich
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Hall
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - James H Morrissey
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - P Vincent Jenkins
- Haematology Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W Collins
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Molecular mechanisms of missense mutations that generate ectopic N-glycosylation sites in coagulation factor VIII. Biochem J 2018; 475:873-886. [PMID: 29444815 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification of secreted and membrane proteins, catalyzed by the two enzymatic isoforms of the oligosaccharyltransferase, STT3A and STT3B. Missense mutations are the most common mutations in inherited diseases; however, missense mutations that generate extra, non-native N-glycosylation sites have not been well characterized. Coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) contains five consensus N-glycosylation sites outside its functionally dispensable B domain. We developed a computer program that identified hemophilia A mutations in FVIII that can potentially create ectopic glycosylation sites. We determined that 18 of these ectopic sites indeed become N-glycosylated. These sites span the domains of FVIII and are primarily associated with a severe disease phenotype. Using STT3A and STT3B knockout cells, we determined that ectopic glycosylation exhibited different degrees of dependence on STT3A and STT3B. By separating the effects of ectopic N-glycosylation from those due to underlying amino acid changes, we showed that ectopic glycans promote the secretion of some mutants, but impair the secretion of others. However, ectopic glycans that enhanced secretion could not functionally replace a native N-glycan in the same domain. Secretion-deficient mutants, but not mutants with elevated secretion levels, show increased association with the endoplasmic reticulum chaperones BiP (immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein) and calreticulin. Though secreted to different extents, all studied mutants exhibited lower relative activity than wild-type FVIII. Our results reveal differential impacts of ectopic N-glycosylation on FVIII folding, trafficking and activity, which highlight complex disease-causing mechanisms of FVIII missense mutations. Our findings are relevant to other secreted and membrane proteins with mutations that generate ectopic N-glycans.
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14
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Lauder SN, Allen-Redpath K, Slatter DA, Aldrovandi M, O'Connor A, Farewell D, Percy CL, Molhoek JE, Rannikko S, Tyrrell VJ, Ferla S, Milne GL, Poole AW, Thomas CP, Obaji S, Taylor PR, Jones SA, de Groot PG, Urbanus RT, Hörkkö S, Uderhardt S, Ackermann J, Vince Jenkins P, Brancale A, Krönke G, Collins PW, O'Donnell VB. Networks of enzymatically oxidized membrane lipids support calcium-dependent coagulation factor binding to maintain hemostasis. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/507/eaan2787. [PMID: 29184033 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood coagulation functions as part of the innate immune system by preventing bacterial invasion, and it is critical to stopping blood loss (hemostasis). Coagulation involves the external membrane surface of activated platelets and leukocytes. Using lipidomic, genetic, biochemical, and mathematical modeling approaches, we found that enzymatically oxidized phospholipids (eoxPLs) generated by the activity of leukocyte or platelet lipoxygenases (LOXs) were required for normal hemostasis and promoted coagulation factor activities in a Ca2+- and phosphatidylserine (PS)-dependent manner. In wild-type mice, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid-phospholipids (HETE-PLs) enhanced coagulation and restored normal hemostasis in clotting-deficient animals genetically lacking p12-LOX or 12/15-LOX activity. Murine platelets generated 22 eoxPL species, all of which were missing in the absence of p12-LOX. Humans with the thrombotic disorder antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) had statistically significantly increased HETE-PLs in platelets and leukocytes, as well as greater HETE-PL immunoreactivity, than healthy controls. HETE-PLs enhanced membrane binding of the serum protein β2GP1 (β2-glycoprotein 1), an event considered central to the autoimmune reactivity responsible for APS symptoms. Correlation network analysis of 47 platelet eoxPL species in platelets from APS and control subjects identified their enzymatic origin and revealed a complex network of regulation, with the abundance of 31 p12-LOX-derived eoxPL molecules substantially increased in APS. In summary, circulating blood cells generate networks of eoxPL molecules, including HETE-PLs, which change membrane properties to enhance blood coagulation and contribute to the excessive clotting and immunoreactivity of patients with APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Lauder
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Keith Allen-Redpath
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David A Slatter
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Anne O'Connor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Daniel Farewell
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Charles L Percy
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jessica E Molhoek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Sirpa Rannikko
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Finland and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Salvatore Ferla
- Welsh School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacy and Neuroscience, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Christopher P Thomas
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Welsh School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Samya Obaji
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Simon A Jones
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Phillip G de Groot
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Rolf T Urbanus
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Finland and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Ackermann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Vince Jenkins
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Welsh School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter W Collins
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. .,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. .,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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15
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Du J, Wichapong K, Hackeng TM, Nicolaes GAF. Molecular simulation studies of human coagulation factor VIII C domain-mediated membrane binding. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:373-84. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-02-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThe C-terminal C domains of activated coagulation factor VIII (FVIIIa) are essential to membrane binding of this crucial coagulation cofactor protein. To provide an overall membrane binding mechanism for FVIII, we performed simulations of membrane binding through coarsegrained molecular dynamics simulations of the C1 and C2 domain, and the combined C-domains (C1+C2). We found that the C1 and C2 domain have different membrane binding properties. The C1 domain uses hydrophobic spikes 3 and 4, of its total of four spikes, as major loops to bind the membrane, whereas all four of its hydrophobic loops of the C2 domain appear essential for membrane binding. Interestingly, in the C1+C2 system, we observed cooperative binding of the C1 and C2 domains such that all four C2 domain spikes bound first, after which all four loops of the C1 domain inserted into the membrane, while the net binding energy was higher than that of the sum of the isolated C domains. Several residues, mutations of which are known to cause haemophilia A, were identified as key residues for membrane binding. In addition to these known residues, we identified residues from the C1 and C2 domains, which are involved in the membrane binding process, that have not been reported before as a cause for haemophilia A, but which contribute to overall membrane binding and which are likely candidates for novel causative missense mutations in haemophilia A.
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16
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Frequency and epitope specificity of anti-factor VIII C1 domain antibodies in acquired and congenital hemophilia A. Blood 2017; 130:808-816. [PMID: 28507083 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-751347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies showed that neutralizing anti-factor VIII (anti-fVIII) antibodies (inhibitors) in patients with acquired hemophilia A (AHA) and congenital hemophilia A (HA) are primarily directed to the A2 and C2 domains. In this study, the frequency and epitope specificity of anti-C1 antibodies were analyzed in acquired and congenital hemophilia inhibitor patients (n = 178). The domain specificity of antibodies was studied by homolog-scanning mutagenesis (HSM) with single human domain human/porcine fVIII proteins and antibody binding to human A2, C1, and C2 domains presented as human serum albumin (HSA) fusion proteins. The analysis with HSA-fVIII domain proteins confirmed the results of the HSM approach but resulted in higher detection levels. The higher detection levels with HSA-fVIII domain proteins are a result of antibody cross-reactivity with human and porcine fVIII leading to false-negative HSM results. Overall, A2-, C1-, and C2-specific antibodies were detected in 23%, 78%, and 68% of patients with AHA (n = 115) and in 52%, 57%, and 81% of HA inhibitor patients (n = 63). Competitive binding of the human monoclonal antibody (mAb) LE2E9 revealed overlapping epitopes with murine C1-specific group A mAbs including 2A9. Mutational analyses identified distinct crucial binding residues for LE2E9 (E2066) and 2A9 (F2068) that are also recognized by anti-C1 antibodies present in patients with hemophilia. A strong contribution of LE2E9- and 2A9-like antibodies was particularly observed in patients with AHA. Overall, our study demonstrates that the C1 domain, in addition to the A2 and C2 domains, contributes significantly to the humoral anti-fVIII immune response in acquired and congenital hemophilia inhibitor patients.
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17
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Ebberink EHTM, Bouwens EAM, Bloem E, Boon-Spijker M, van den Biggelaar M, Voorberg J, Meijer AB, Mertens K. Factor VIII/V C-domain swaps reveal discrete C-domain roles in factor VIII function and intracellular trafficking. Haematologica 2017; 102:686-694. [PMID: 28057741 PMCID: PMC5395109 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.153163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Factor VIII C-domains are believed to have specific functions in cofactor activity and in interactions with von Willebrand factor. We have previously shown that factor VIII is co-targeted with von Willebrand factor to the Weibel-Palade bodies in blood outgrowth endothelial cells, even when factor VIII carries mutations in the light chain that are associated with defective von Willebrand factor binding. In this study, we addressed the contribution of individual factor VIII C-domains in intracellular targeting, von Willebrand factor binding and cofactor activity by factor VIII/V C-domain swapping. Blood outgrowth endothelial cells were transduced with lentivirus encoding factor V, factor VIII or YFP-tagged C-domain chimeras, and examined by confocal microscopy. The same chimeras were produced in HEK293-cells for in vitro characterization and chemical foot-printing by mass spectrometry. In contrast to factor VIII, factor V did not target to Weibel-Palade bodies. The chimeras showed reduced Weibel-Palade body targeting, suggesting that this requires the factor VIII C1–C2 region. The factor VIII/V-C1 chimera did not bind von Willebrand factor and had reduced affinity for activated factor IX, whereas the factor VIII/V-C2 chimera showed a minor reduction in von Willebrand factor binding and normal interaction with activated factor IX. This suggests that mainly the C1-domain carries factor VIII-specific features in assembly with von Willebrand factor and activated factor IX. Foot-printing analysis of the chimeras revealed increased exposure of lysine residues in the A1/C2- and C1/C2-domain interface, suggesting increased C2-domain mobility and disruption of the natural C-domain tandem pair orientation. Apparently, this affects intracellular trafficking, but not extracellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther Bloem
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Voorberg
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory of AMC and Sanquin, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander B Meijer
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Mertens
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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18
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Gangadharan B, Ing M, Delignat S, Peyron I, Teyssandier M, Kaveri SV, Lacroix-Desmazes S. The C1 and C2 domains of blood coagulation factor VIII mediate its endocytosis by dendritic cells. Haematologica 2016; 102:271-281. [PMID: 27758819 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.148502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of inhibitory antibodies to therapeutic factor VIII is the major complication of replacement therapy in patients with hemophilia A. The first step in the initiation of the anti-factor VIII immune response is factor VIII interaction with receptor(s) on antigen-presenting cells, followed by endocytosis and presentation to naïve CD4+ T cells. Recent studies indicate a role for the C1 domain in factor VIII uptake. We investigated whether charged residues in the C2 domain participate in immunogenic factor VIII uptake. Co-incubation of factor VIII with BO2C11, a monoclonal C2-specific immunoglobulin G, reduced factor VIII endocytosis by dendritic cells and presentation to CD4+ T cells, and diminished factor VIII immunogenicity in factor VIII-deficient mice. The mutation of basic residues within the BO2C11 epitope of C2 replicated reduced in vitro immunogenic uptake, but failed to prevent factor VIII immunogenicity in mice. BO2C11 prevents factor VIII binding to von Willebrand factor, thus potentially biasing factor VIII immunogenicity by perturbing its half-life. Interestingly, a factor VIIIY1680C mutant, that does not bind von Willebrand factor, demonstrated unaltered endocytosis by dendritic cells as well as immunogenicity in factor VIII-deficient mice. Co-incubation of factor VIIIY1680C with BO2C11, however, resulted in decreased factor VIII immunogenicity in vivo In addition, a previously described triple C1 mutant showed decreased uptake in vitro, and reduced immunogenicity in vivo, but only in the absence of endogenous von Willebrand factor. Taken together, the results indicate that residues in the C1 and/or C2 domains of factor VIII are implicated in immunogenic factor VIII uptake, at least in vitro Conversely, in vivo, the binding to endogenous von Willebrand factor masks the reducing effect of mutations in the C domains on factor VIII immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagirath Gangadharan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Ing
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Delignat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Peyron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Maud Teyssandier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Srinivas V Kaveri
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France .,INSERM, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
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19
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Discoidin Domains as Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:641-659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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High-affinity, noninhibitory pathogenic C1 domain antibodies are present in patients with hemophilia A and inhibitors. Blood 2016; 128:2055-2067. [PMID: 27381905 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-701805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor formation in hemophilia A is the most feared treatment-related complication of factor VIII (fVIII) therapy. Most inhibitor patients with hemophilia A develop antibodies against the fVIII A2 and C2 domains. Recent evidence demonstrates that the C1 domain contributes to the inhibitor response. Inhibitory anti-C1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified that bind to putative phospholipid and von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding epitopes and block endocytosis of fVIII by antigen presenting cells. We now demonstrate by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry that 7 of 9 anti-human C1 mAbs tested recognize an epitope distinct from the C1 phospholipid binding site. These mAbs, designated group A, display high binding affinities for fVIII, weakly inhibit fVIII procoagulant activity, poorly inhibit fVIII binding to phospholipid, and exhibit heterogeneity with respect to blocking fVIII binding to VWF. Another mAb, designated group B, inhibits fVIII procoagulant activity, fVIII binding to VWF and phospholipid, fVIIIa incorporation into the intrinsic Xase complex, thrombin generation in plasma, and fVIII uptake by dendritic cells. Group A and B epitopes are distinct from the epitope recognized by the canonical, human-derived inhibitory anti-C1 mAb, KM33, whose epitope overlaps both groups A and B. Antibodies recognizing group A and B epitopes are present in inhibitor plasmas from patients with hemophilia A. Additionally, group A and B mAbs increase fVIII clearance and are pathogenic in a hemophilia A mouse tail snip bleeding model. Group A anti-C1 mAbs represent the first identification of pathogenic, weakly inhibitory antibodies that increase fVIII clearance.
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21
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Bevers EM, Williamson PL. Getting to the Outer Leaflet: Physiology of Phosphatidylserine Exposure at the Plasma Membrane. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:605-45. [PMID: 26936867 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a major component of membrane bilayers whose change in distribution between inner and outer leaflets is an important physiological signal. Normally, members of the type IV P-type ATPases spend metabolic energy to create an asymmetric distribution of phospholipids between the two leaflets, with PS confined to the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet. On occasion, membrane enzymes, known as scramblases, are activated to facilitate transbilayer migration of lipids, including PS. Recently, two proteins required for such randomization have been identified: TMEM16F, a scramblase regulated by elevated intracellular Ca(2+), and XKR8, a caspase-sensitive protein required for PS exposure in apoptotic cells. Once exposed at the cell surface, PS regulates biochemical reactions involved in blood coagulation, and bone mineralization, and also regulates a variety of cell-cell interactions. Exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells, PS controls their recognition and engulfment by other cells. This process is exploited by parasites to invade their host, and in specialized form is used to maintain photoreceptors in the eye and modify synaptic connections in the brain. This review discusses what is known about the mechanism of PS exposure at the surface of the plasma membrane of cells, how actors in the extracellular milieu sense surface exposed PS, and how this recognition is translated to downstream consequences of PS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard M Bevers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick L Williamson
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
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22
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Madsen JJ, Ohkubo YZ, Peters GH, Faber JH, Tajkhorshid E, Olsen OH. Membrane Interaction of the Factor VIIIa Discoidin Domains in Atomistic Detail. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6123-31. [PMID: 26346528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A recently developed membrane-mimetic model was applied to study membrane interaction and binding of the two anchoring C2-like discoidin domains of human coagulation factor VIIIa (FVIIIa), the C1 and C2 domains. Both individual domains, FVIII C1 and FVIII C2, were observed to bind the phospholipid membrane by partial or full insertion of their extruding loops (the spikes). However, the two domains adopted different molecular orientations in their membrane-bound states; FVIII C2 roughly was positioned normal to the membrane plane, while FVIII C1 displayed a multitude of tilted orientations. The results indicate that FVIII C1 may be important in modulating the orientation of the FVIIIa molecule to optimize the interaction with FIXa, which is anchored to the membrane via its γ-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (Gla) domain. Additionally, a structural change was observed in FVIII C1 in the coiled main chain leading the first spike. A tight interaction with one lipid per domain, similar to what has been suggested for the homologous FVa C2, is characterized. Finally, we rationalize known FVIII antibody epitopes and the scarcity of documented hemophilic missense mutations related to improper membrane binding of FVIIIa, based on the prevalent nonspecificity of ionic interactions in the simulated membrane-bound states of FVIII C1 and FVIII C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper J Madsen
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S , DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Günther H Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Johan H Faber
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S , DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Ole H Olsen
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S , DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
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23
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Platelet binding sites for factor VIII in relation to fibrin and phosphatidylserine. Blood 2015; 126:1237-44. [PMID: 26162408 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-620245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin-stimulated platelets expose very little phosphatidylserine (PS) but express binding sites for factor VIII (fVIII), casting doubt on the role of exposed PS as the determinant of binding sites. We previously reported that fVIII binding sites are increased three- to sixfold when soluble fibrin (SF) binds the αIIbβ3 integrin. This study focuses on the hypothesis that platelet-bound SF is the major source of fVIII binding sites. Less than 10% of fVIII was displaced from thrombin-stimulated platelets by lactadherin, a PS-binding protein, and an fVIII mutant defective in PS-dependent binding retained platelet affinity. Therefore, PS is not the determinant of most binding sites. FVIII bound immobilized SF and paralleled platelet binding in affinity, dependence on separation from von Willebrand factor, and mediation by the C2 domain. SF also enhanced activity of fVIII in the factor Xase complex by two- to fourfold. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) ESH8, against the fVIII C2 domain, inhibited binding of fVIII to SF and platelets but not to PS-containing vesicles. Similarly, mAb ESH4 against the C2 domain, inhibited >90% of platelet-dependent fVIII activity vs 35% of vesicle-supported activity. These results imply that platelet-bound SF is a component of functional fVIII binding sites.
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24
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Dalm D, Galaz-Montoya JG, Miller JL, Grushin K, Villalobos A, Koyfman AY, Schmid MF, Stoilova-McPhie S. Dimeric Organization of Blood Coagulation Factor VIII bound to Lipid Nanotubes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11212. [PMID: 26082135 PMCID: PMC4469981 DOI: 10.1038/srep11212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound Factor VIII (FVIII) has a critical function in blood coagulation as the pro-cofactor to the serine-protease Factor IXa (FIXa) in the FVIIIa-FIXa complex assembled on the activated platelet membrane. Defects or deficiency of FVIII cause Hemophilia A, a mild to severe bleeding disorder. Despite existing crystal structures for FVIII, its membrane-bound organization has not been resolved. Here we present the dimeric FVIII membrane-bound structure when bound to lipid nanotubes, as determined by cryo-electron microscopy. By combining the structural information obtained from helical reconstruction and single particle subtomogram averaging at intermediate resolution (15-20 Å), we show unambiguously that FVIII forms dimers on lipid nanotubes. We also demonstrate that the organization of the FVIII membrane-bound domains is consistently different from the crystal structure in solution. The presented results are a critical step towards understanding the mechanism of the FVIIIa-FIXa complex assembly on the activated platelet surface in the propagation phase of blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dalm
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jesus G Galaz-Montoya
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaimy L Miller
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kirill Grushin
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alex Villalobos
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alexey Y Koyfman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Michael F Schmid
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Svetla Stoilova-McPhie
- 1] Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA [2] Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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van den Biggelaar M, Madsen JJ, Faber JH, Zuurveld MG, van der Zwaan C, Olsen OH, Stennicke HR, Mertens K, Meijer AB. Factor VIII Interacts with the Endocytic Receptor Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 1 via an Extended Surface Comprising "Hot-Spot" Lysine Residues. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16463-76. [PMID: 25903134 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.650911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine residues are implicated in driving the ligand binding to the LDL receptor family. However, it has remained unclear how specificity is regulated. Using coagulation factor VIII as a model ligand, we now study the contribution of individual lysine residues in the interaction with the largest member of the LDL receptor family, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1). Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and SPR interaction analysis on a library of lysine replacement variants as two independent approaches, we demonstrate that the interaction between factor VIII (FVIII) and LRP1 occurs over an extended surface containing multiple lysine residues. None of the individual lysine residues account completely for LRP1 binding, suggesting an additive binding model. Together with structural docking studies, our data suggest that FVIII interacts with LRP1 via an extended surface of multiple lysine residues that starts at the bottom of the C1 domain and winds around the FVIII molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje van den Biggelaar
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Jesper J Madsen
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark, and
| | - Johan H Faber
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark, and
| | - Marleen G Zuurveld
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen van der Zwaan
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ole H Olsen
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark, and
| | | | - Koen Mertens
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands, the Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander B Meijer
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands, the Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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The 1.7 Å X-ray crystal structure of the porcine factor VIII C2 domain and binding analysis to anti-human C2 domain antibodies and phospholipid surfaces. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122447. [PMID: 25775247 PMCID: PMC4361576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The factor VIII C2 domain is essential for binding to activated platelet surfaces as well as the cofactor activity of factor VIII in blood coagulation. Inhibitory antibodies against the C2 domain commonly develop following factor VIII replacement therapy for hemophilia A patients, or they may spontaneously arise in cases of acquired hemophilia. Porcine factor VIII is an effective therapeutic for hemophilia patients with inhibitor due to its low cross-reactivity; however, the molecular basis for this behavior is poorly understood. In this study, the X-ray crystal structure of the porcine factor VIII C2 domain was determined, and superposition of the human and porcine C2 domains demonstrates that most surface-exposed differences cluster on the face harboring the "non-classical" antibody epitopes. Furthermore, antibody-binding results illustrate that the "classical" 3E6 antibody can bind both the human and porcine C2 domains, although the inhibitory titer to human factor VIII is 41 Bethesda Units (BU)/mg IgG versus 0.8 BU/mg IgG to porcine factor VIII, while the non-classical G99 antibody does not bind to the porcine C2 domain nor inhibit porcine factor VIII activity. Further structural analysis of differences between the electrostatic surface potentials suggest that the C2 domain binds to the negatively charged phospholipid surfaces of activated platelets primarily through the 3E6 epitope region. In contrast, the G99 face, which contains residue 2227, should be distal to the membrane surface. Phospholipid binding assays indicate that both porcine and human factor VIII C2 domains bind with comparable affinities, and the human K2227A and K2227E mutants bind to phospholipid surfaces with similar affinities as well. Lastly, the G99 IgG bound to PS-immobilized factor VIII C2 domain with an apparent dissociation constant of 15.5 nM, whereas 3E6 antibody binding to PS-bound C2 domain was not observed.
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27
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Yee et al1 have demonstrated that expression or infusion of a truncated von Willebrand factor (VWF) fragment containing the factor VIII (FVIII)-binding D′D3 region of VWF is sufficient to stabilize endogenous FVIII levels in VWF-deficient mice. In the absence of the carrier function of VWF, FVIII is susceptible to rapid proteolysis and clearance resulting in markedly reduced plasma levels of FVIII that contribute to a bleeding diathesis.
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28
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Changes in the Factor VIII C2 domain upon membrane binding determined by hydrogen–deuterium exchange MS. Biochem J 2014; 461:443-51. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20140121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Blood coagulation Factor VIII binds to a membrane in order to function as a cofactor for Factor IXa, preventing haemophilia. The present study indicates that membrane-binding peptides of Factor VIII are largely protected from water exposure, indicating that they become immersed in the membrane.
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29
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A von Willebrand factor fragment containing the D'D3 domains is sufficient to stabilize coagulation factor VIII in mice. Blood 2014; 124:445-52. [PMID: 24850761 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-540534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) circulate together as a complex. We identify VWF fragments sufficient for FVIII stabilization in vivo and show that hepatic expression of the VWF D'D3 domains (S764-P1247), either as a monomer or a dimer, is sufficient to raise FVIII levels in Vwf(-/-) mice from a baseline of ∼5% to 10%, to ∼50% to 100%. These results demonstrate that a fragment containing only ∼20% of the VWF sequence is sufficient to support FVIII stability in vivo. Expression of the VWF D'D3 fragment fused at its C terminus to the Fc segment of immunoglobulin G1 results in markedly enhanced survival in the circulation (t1/2 > 7 days), concomitant with elevated plasma FVIII levels (>25% at 7 days) in Vwf(-/-) mice. Although the VWF D'D3-Fc chimera also exhibits markedly prolonged survival when transfused into FVIII-deficient mice, the cotransfused FVIII is rapidly cleared. Kinetic binding studies show that VWF propeptide processing of VWF D'D3 fragments is required for optimal FVIII affinity. The reduced affinity of VWF D'D3 and VWF D'D3-Fc for FVIII suggests that the shortened FVIII survival in FVIII-deficient mice transfused with FVIII and VWF D'D3/D'D3-Fc is due to ineffective competition of these fragments with endogenous VWF for FVIII binding.
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30
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Omental implantation of BOECs in hemophilia dogs results in circulating FVIII antigen and a complex immune response. Blood 2014; 123:4045-53. [PMID: 24829206 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-12-545780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo gene therapy strategies avoid systemic delivery of viruses thereby mitigating the risk of vector-associated immunogenicity. Previously, we delivered autologous factor VIII (FVIII)-expressing blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) to hemophilia A mice and showed that these cells remained sequestered within the implanted matrix and provided therapeutic levels of FVIII. Prior to translating this strategy into the canine (c) model of hemophilia A, we increased cFVIII transgene expression by at least 100-fold with the use of the elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) promoter and a strong endothelial enhancer element. BOECs isolated from hemophilia A dogs transduced with this lentiviral vector express levels of cFVIII ranging between 1.0 and 1.5 U/mL per 10(6) cells over 24 hours. Autologous BOECs have been implanted into the omentum of 2 normal and 3 hemophilia A dogs. These implanted cells formed new vessels in the omentum. All 3 hemophilia A dogs treated with FVIII-expressing autologous BOECs developed anti-FVIII immunoglobulin G2 antibodies, but in only 2 of the dogs were these antibodies inhibitory. FVIII antigen levels >40% in the absence of FVIII coagulant function were detected in the circulation for up to a year after a single gene therapy treatment, indicating prolonged cellular viability and synthesis of FVIII.
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Bloem E, van den Biggelaar M, Wroblewska A, Voorberg J, Faber JH, Kjalke M, Stennicke HR, Mertens K, Meijer AB. Factor VIII C1 domain spikes 2092-2093 and 2158-2159 comprise regions that modulate cofactor function and cellular uptake. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29670-9. [PMID: 24009077 PMCID: PMC3795264 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.473116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The C1 domain of factor VIII (FVIII) has been implicated in binding to multiple constituents, including phospholipids, von Willebrand factor, and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). We have previously described a human monoclonal antibody called KM33 that blocks these interactions as well as cellular uptake by LRP-expressing cells. To unambiguously identify the apparent "hot spot" on FVIII to which this antibody binds, we have employed hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. The results showed that KM33 protects FVIII regions 2091-2104 and 2157-2162 from hydrogen-deuterium exchange. These comprise the two C1 domain spikes 2092-2093 and 2158-2159. Spike 2092-2093 has been demonstrated recently to contribute to assembly with lipid membranes with low phosphatidylserine (PS) content. Therefore, spike 2158-2159 might serve a similar role. This was assessed by replacement of Arg-2159 for Asn, which introduces a motif for N-linked glycosylation. Binding studies revealed that the purified, glycosylated R2159N variant had lost its interaction with antibody KM33 but retained substantial binding to von Willebrand factor and LRP. Cellular uptake of the R2159N variant was reduced both by LRP-expressing U87-MG cells and by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. FVIII activity was virtually normal on membranes containing 15% PS but reduced at low PS content. These findings suggest that the C1 domain spikes 2092-2093 and 2158-2159 together modulate FVIII membrane assembly by a subtle, PS-dependent mechanism. These findings contribute evidence in favor of an increasingly important role of the C1 domain in FVIII biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bloem
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aleksandra Wroblewska
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan H. Faber
- the Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark, and
| | - Marianne Kjalke
- the Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark, and
| | - Henning R. Stennicke
- the Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark, and
| | - Koen Mertens
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- the Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander B. Meijer
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- the Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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33
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Structure of the factor VIII C2 domain in a ternary complex with 2 inhibitor antibodies reveals classical and nonclassical epitopes. Blood 2013; 122:4270-8. [PMID: 24085769 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-08-519124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The factor VIII C2 domain is a highly immunogenic domain, whereby inhibitory antibodies develop following factor VIII replacement therapy for congenital hemophilia A patients. Inhibitory antibodies also arise spontaneously in cases of acquired hemophilia A. The structural basis for molecular recognition by 2 classes of anti-C2 inhibitory antibodies that bind to factor VIII simultaneously was investigated by x-ray crystallography. The C2 domain/3E6 FAB/G99 FAB ternary complex illustrates that each antibody recognizes epitopes on opposing faces of the factor VIII C2 domain. The 3E6 epitope forms direct contacts to the C2 domain at 2 loops consisting of Glu2181-Ala2188 and Thr2202-Arg2215, whereas the G99 epitope centers on Lys2227 and also makes direct contacts with loops Gln2222-Trp2229, Leu2261-Ser2263, His2269-Val2282, and Arg2307-Gln2311. Each binding interface is highly electrostatic, with positive charge present on both C2 epitopes and complementary negative charge on each antibody. A new model of membrane association is also presented, where the 3E6 epitope faces the negatively charged membrane surface and Arg2320 is poised at the center of the binding interface. These results illustrate the potential complexities of the polyclonal anti-factor VIII immune response and further define the "classical" and "nonclassical" types of antibody inhibitors against the factor VIII C2 domain.
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34
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Wakabayashi H, Fay PJ. Replacing the factor VIII C1 domain with a second C2 domain reduces factor VIII stability and affinity for factor IXa. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31289-97. [PMID: 24030831 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.497289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor VIII (FVIII) consists of a heavy chain (A1(a1)A2(a2)B domains) and light chain ((a3)A3C1C2 domains). To gain insights into a role of the FVIII C domains, we eliminated the C1 domain by replacing it with the homologous C2 domain. FVIII stability of the mutant (FVIIIC2C2) as measured by thermal decay at 55 °C of FVIII activity was markedly reduced (~11-fold), whereas the decay rate of FVIIIa due to A2 subunit dissociation was similar to WT FVIIIa. The binding affinity of FVIIIC2C2 for phospholipid membranes as measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer was modestly lower (~2.8-fold) than that for WT FVIII. Among several anti-FVIII antibodies tested (anti-C1 (GMA8011), anti-C2 (ESH4 and ESH8), and anti-A3 (2D2) antibody), only ESH4 inhibited membrane binding of both WT FVIII and FVIIIC2C2. FVIIIa cofactor activity measured in the presence of each of the above antibodies was examined by FXa generation assays. The activity of WT FVIIIa was inhibited by both GMA8011 and ESH4, whereas the activity of FVIIIC2C2 was inhibited by both the anti-C2 antibodies, ESH4 and ESH8. Interestingly, factor IXa (FIXa) binding affinity for WT FVIIIa was significantly reduced in the presence of GMA8011 (~10-fold), whereas the anti-C2 antibodies reduced FIXa binding affinity of FVIIIC2C2 variant (~4-fold). Together, the reduced stability plus impaired FIXa interaction of FVIIIC2C2 suggest that the C1 domain resides in close proximity to FIXa in the FXase complex and contributes a critical role to FVIII structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironao Wakabayashi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
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35
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Molecular orientation of factor VIIIa on the phospholipid membrane surface determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Biochem J 2013; 452:293-301. [PMID: 23521092 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
F (Factor) VIIIa binds to phospholipid membranes during formation of the FXase complex. Free thiols from cysteine residues of isolated FVIIIa A1 and A2 subunits and the A3 domain of the A3C1C2 subunit were labelled with PyMPO maleimide {1-(2-maleimidylethyl)-4-[5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-oxazol-2-yl]pyridinium methanesulfonate} or fluorescein (fluorescence donors). Double mutations of the A3 domain (C2000S/T1872C and C2000S/D1828C) were also produced to utilize Cys(1828) and Cys(1872) residues for labelling. Labelled subunits were reacted with complementary non-labelled subunits to reconstitute FVIIIa. Octadecylrhodamine incorporated into phospholipid vesicles was used as an acceptor for distance measurements between FVIII residues and membrane surface by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The results of the present study indicate that a FVIII axis on a plane that intersects the approximate centre of each domain is orientated with a tilt angle of ~30-50° on the membrane surface. This orientation predicted the existence of contacts mediated by residues 1713-1725 in the A3 domain in addition to a large area of contacts within the C domains. FVIII variants where Arg(1719) or Arg(1721) were mutated to aspartate showed a >40-fold reduction in membrane affinity. These results identify possible orientations for FVIIIa bound to the membrane surface and support a new interaction between the A3 domain and the membrane probably mediated in part by Arg(1719) and Arg(1721).
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36
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Stoilova-McPhie S, Lynch GC, Ludtke S, Pettitt BM. Domain organization of membrane-bound factor VIII. Biopolymers 2013; 99:448-59. [PMID: 23616213 PMCID: PMC4090243 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Factor VIII (FVIII) is the blood coagulation protein which when defective or deficient causes for hemophilia A, a severe hereditary bleeding disorder. Activated FVIII (FVIIIa) is the cofactor to the serine protease factor IXa (FIXa) within the membrane-bound Tenase complex, responsible for amplifying its proteolytic activity more than 100,000 times, necessary for normal clot formation. FVIII is composed of two noncovalently linked peptide chains: a light chain (LC) holding the membrane interaction sites and a heavy chain (HC) holding the main FIXa interaction sites. The interplay between the light and heavy chains (HCs) in the membrane-bound state is critical for the biological efficiency of FVIII. Here, we present our cryo-electron microscopy (EM) and structure analysis studies of human FVIII-LC, when helically assembled onto negatively charged single lipid bilayer nanotubes. The resolved FVIII-LC membrane-bound structure supports aspects of our previously proposed FVIII structure from membrane-bound two-dimensional (2D) crystals, such as only the C2 domain interacts directly with the membrane. The LC is oriented differently in the FVIII membrane-bound helical and 2D crystal structures based on EM data, and the existing X-ray structures. This flexibility of the FVIII-LC domain organization in different states is discussed in the light of the FVIIIa-FIXa complex assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetla Stoilova-McPhie
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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37
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Castro-Núñez L, Bloem E, Boon-Spijker MG, van der Zwaan C, van den Biggelaar M, Mertens K, Meijer AB. Distinct roles of Ser-764 and Lys-773 at the N terminus of von Willebrand factor in complex assembly with coagulation factor VIII. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:393-400. [PMID: 23168412 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.400572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex formation between coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) is of critical importance to protect FVIII from rapid in vivo clearance and degradation. We have now employed a chemical footprinting approach to identify regions on VWF involved in FVIII binding. To this end, lysine amino acid residues of VWF were chemically modified in the presence of FVIII or activated FVIII, which does not bind VWF. Nano-LC-MS analysis showed that the lysine residues of almost all identified VWF peptides were not differentially modified upon incubation of VWF with FVIII or activated FVIII. However, Lys-773 of peptide Ser-766-Leu-774 was protected from chemical modification in the presence of FVIII. In addition, peptide Ser-764-Arg-782, which comprises the first 19 amino acid residues of mature VWF, showed a differential modification of both Lys-773 and the α-amino group of Ser-764. To verify the role of Lys-773 and the N-terminal Ser-764 in FVIII binding, we employed VWF variants in which either Lys-773 or Ser-764 was replaced with Ala. Surface plasmon resonance analysis and competition studies revealed that VWF(K773A) exhibited reduced binding to FVIII and the FVIII light chain, which harbors the VWF-binding site. In contrast, VWF(S764A) revealed more effective binding to FVIII and the FVIII light chain compared with WT VWF. The results of our study show that the N terminus of VWF is critical for the interaction with FVIII and that Ser-764 and Lys-773 have opposite roles in the binding mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Castro-Núñez
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Gilbert GE, Novakovic VA, Kaufman RJ, Miao H, Pipe SW. Conservative mutations in the C2 domains of factor VIII and factor V alter phospholipid binding and cofactor activity. Blood 2012; 120:1923-32. [PMID: 22613792 PMCID: PMC3433094 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-408245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor VIII and factor V share structural homology and bind to phospholipid membranes via tandem, lectin-like C domains. Their respective C2 domains bind via 2 pairs of hydrophobic amino acids and an amphipathic cluster. In contrast, the factor V-like, homologous subunit (Pt-FV) of a prothrombin activator from Pseudonaja textilis venom is reported to function without membrane binding. We hypothesized that the distinct membrane-interactive amino acids of these proteins contribute to the differing membrane-dependent properties. We prepared mutants in which the C2 domain hydrophobic amino acid pairs were changed to the homologous residues of the other protein and a factor V mutant with 5 amino acids changed to those from Pt-FV (FV(MTTS/Y)). Factor VIII mutants were active on additional membrane sites and had altered apparent affinities for factor X. Some factor V mutants, including FV(MTTS/Y), had increased membrane interaction and apparent membrane-independent activity that was the result of phospholipid retained during purification. Phospholipid-free FV(MTTS/Y) showed increased activity, particularly a 10-fold increase in activity on membranes lacking phosphatidylserine. The reduced phosphatidylserine requirement correlated to increased activity on resting and stimulated platelets. We hypothesize that altered membrane binding contributes to toxicity of Pt-FV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Gilbert
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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39
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Modification of an exposed loop in the C1 domain reduces immune responses to factor VIII in hemophilia A mice. Blood 2012; 119:5294-300. [PMID: 22498747 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-11-391680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of neutralizing Abs to blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) provides a major complication in hemophilia care. In this study we explored whether modulation of the uptake of FVIII by APCs can reduce its intrinsic immunogenicity. Endocytosis of FVIII by professional APCs is significantly blocked by mAb KM33, directed toward the C1 domain of FVIII. We created a C1 domain variant (FVIII-R2090A/K2092A/F2093A), which showed only minimal binding to KM33 and retained its activity as measured by chromogenic assay. FVIII-R2090A/K2092A/F2093A displayed a strongly reduced internalization by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages, as well as murine BM-derived dendritic cells. We subsequently investigated the ability of this variant to induce an immune response in FVIII-deficient mice. We show that mice treated with FVIII-R2090A/K2092A/F2093A have significantly lower anti-FVIII Ab titers and FVIII-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses compared with mice treated with wild-type FVIII. These data show that alanine substitutions at positions 2090, 2092, and 2093 reduce the immunogenicity of FVIII. According to our findings we hypothesize that FVIII variants displaying a reduced uptake by APCs provide a novel therapeutic approach to reduce inhibitor development in hemophilia A.
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40
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Bloem E, Meems H, van den Biggelaar M, van der Zwaan C, Mertens K, Meijer AB. Mass spectrometry-assisted study reveals that lysine residues 1967 and 1968 have opposite contribution to stability of activated factor VIII. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:5775-83. [PMID: 22215677 PMCID: PMC3285348 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.308627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The A2 domain rapidly dissociates from activated factor VIII (FVIIIa) resulting in a dampening of the activity of the activated factor X-generating complex. The amino acid residues that affect A2 domain dissociation are therefore critical for FVIII cofactor function. We have now employed chemical footprinting in conjunction with mass spectrometry to identify lysine residues that contribute to the stability of activated FVIII. We hypothesized that lysine residues, which are buried in FVIII and surface-exposed in dissociated activated FVIII (dis-FVIIIa), may contribute to interdomain interactions. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that residues Lys(1967) and Lys(1968) of region Thr(1964)-Tyr(1971) are buried in FVIII and exposed to the surface in dis-FVIIIa. This result, combined with the observation that the FVIII variant K1967I is associated with hemophilia A, suggests that these residues contribute to the stability of activated FVIII. Kinetic analysis revealed that the FVIII variants K1967A and K1967I exhibit an almost normal cofactor activity. However, these variants also showed an increased loss in cofactor activity over time compared with that of FVIII WT. Remarkably, the cofactor activity of a K1968A variant was enhanced and sustained for a prolonged time relative to that of FVIII WT. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated that A2 domain dissociation from activated FVIII was reduced for K1968A and enhanced for K1967A. In conclusion, mass spectrometry analysis combined with site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that the lysine couple Lys(1967)-Lys(1968) within region Thr(1964)-Tyr(1971) has an opposite contribution to the stability of FVIIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bloem
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - Henriet Meems
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | | | - Carmen van der Zwaan
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - Koen Mertens
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander B. Meijer
- From the Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Otzen DE, Blans K, Wang H, Gilbert GE, Rasmussen JT. Lactadherin binds to phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles in a two-step mechanism sensitive to vesicle size and composition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:1019-27. [PMID: 21920348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactadherin binds to phosphatidylserine (PS) in a stereospecific and calcium independent manner that is promoted by vesicle curvature. Because membrane binding of lactadherin is supported by a PS content of as little as 0.5%, lactadherin is a useful marker for cell stress where limited PS is exposed, as well as for apoptosis where PS freely traverses the plasma membrane. To gain further insight into the membrane-binding mechanism, we have utilized intrinsic lactadherin fluorescence. Our results indicate that intrinsic fluorescence increases and is blue-shifted upon membrane binding. Stopped-flow kinetic experiments confirm the specificity for PS and that the C2 domain contains a PS recognition motif. The stopped-flow kinetic data are consistent with a two-step binding mechanism, in which initial binding is followed by a slower step that involves either a conformational change or an altered degree of membrane insertion. Binding is detected at concentrations down to 0.03% PS and the capacity of binding reaches saturation around 1% PS (midpoint 0.15% PS). Higher concentrations of PS (and also to some extent PE) increase the association kinetics and the affinity. Increasing vesicle curvature promotes association. Remarkably, replacement of vesicles with micelles destroys the specificity for PS lipids. We conclude that the vesicular environment provides optimal conditions for presentation and recognition of PS by lactadherin in a simple binding mechanism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Folding in Membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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