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Slater A, Khattak S, Thomas MR. GPVI inhibition: Advancing antithrombotic therapy in cardiovascular disease. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2024; 10:465-473. [PMID: 38453424 PMCID: PMC11323372 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Glycoprotein (GP) VI (GPVI) plays a major role in thrombosis but not haemostasis, making it a promising antithrombotic target. The primary role of GPVI on the surface of platelets is a signalling receptor for collagen, which is one of the most potent thrombotic sub-endothelial components that is exposed by atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Inhibition of GPVI has therefore been investigated as a strategy for treatment and prevention of atherothrombosis, such as during stroke and acute coronary syndromes. A range of specific GPVI inhibitors have been characterized, and two of these inhibitors, glenzocimab and revacept, have completed Phase II clinical trials in ischaemic stroke. In this review, we summarize mechanisms of GPVI activation and the latest progress of clinically tested GPVI inhibitors, including their mechanisms of action. By focusing on what is known about GPVI activation, we also discuss whether alternate strategies could be used to target GPVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sophia Khattak
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Cardiology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, B15 2GW, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Cardiology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, B15 2GW, Birmingham, UK
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2
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L’Estrange-Stranieri E, Gottschalk TA, Wright MD, Hibbs ML. The dualistic role of Lyn tyrosine kinase in immune cell signaling: implications for systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395427. [PMID: 39007135 PMCID: PMC11239442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) is a debilitating, multisystem autoimmune disease that can affect any organ in the body. The disease is characterized by circulating autoantibodies that accumulate in organs and tissues, which triggers an inflammatory response that can cause permanent damage leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Lyn, a member of the Src family of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, is highly implicated in SLE as remarkably both mice lacking Lyn or expressing a gain-of-function mutation in Lyn develop spontaneous lupus-like disease due to altered signaling in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells, suggesting its expression or activation state plays a critical role in maintaining tolerance. The past 30 years of research has begun to elucidate the role of Lyn in a duplicitous signaling network of activating and inhibitory immunoreceptors and related targets, including interactions with the interferon regulatory factor family in the toll-like receptor pathway. Gain-of-function mutations in Lyn have now been identified in human cases and like mouse models, cause severe systemic autoinflammation. Studies of Lyn in SLE patients have presented mixed findings, which may reflect the heterogeneity of disease processes in SLE, with impairment or enhancement in Lyn function affecting subsets of SLE patients that may be a means of stratification. In this review, we present an overview of the phosphorylation and protein-binding targets of Lyn in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells, highlighting the structural domains of the protein that are involved in its function, and provide an update on studies of Lyn in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan L’Estrange-Stranieri
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Gottschalk
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark D. Wright
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L. Hibbs
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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Saltarin F, Wegmüller A, Bejarano L, Ildiz ES, Zwicky P, Vianin A, Spadin F, Soukup K, Wischnewski V, Engelhardt B, Deutsch U, J. Marques I, Frenz M, Joyce JA, Lyck R. Compromised Blood-Brain Barrier Junctions Enhance Melanoma Cell Intercalation and Extravasation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5071. [PMID: 37894438 PMCID: PMC10605101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma frequently metastasises to the brain, and a detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying melanoma cell extravasation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is important for preventing brain metastasis formation. Making use of primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (pMBMECs) as an in vitro BBB model, we imaged the interaction of melanoma cells into pMBMEC monolayers. We observed exclusive junctional intercalation of melanoma cells and confirmed that melanoma-induced pMBMEC barrier disruption can be rescued by protease inhibition. Interleukin (IL)-1β stimulated pMBMECs or PECAM-1-knockout (-ko) pMBMECs were employed to model compromised BBB barrier properties in vitro and to determine increased melanoma cell intercalation compared to pMBMECs with intact junctions. The newly generated brain-homing melanoma cell line YUMM1.1-BrM4 was used to reveal increased in vivo extravasation of melanoma cells across the BBB of barrier-compromised PECAM-1-deficient mice compared to controls. Taken together, our data indicate that preserving BBB integrity is an important measure to limit the formation of melanoma-brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Saltarin
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (F.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Adrian Wegmüller
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (F.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Leire Bejarano
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (V.W.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ece Su Ildiz
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (F.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (F.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Andréj Vianin
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florentin Spadin
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (F.S.)
| | - Klara Soukup
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (V.W.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Wischnewski
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (V.W.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (F.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Urban Deutsch
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (F.S.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ines J. Marques
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (F.S.)
| | - Johanna A. Joyce
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (V.W.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (F.S.); (P.Z.)
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Flego D, Cesaroni S, Romiti GF, Corica B, Marrapodi R, Scafa N, Maiorca F, Lombardi L, Pallucci D, Pulcinelli F, Raparelli V, Visentini M, Cangemi R, Piconese S, Alvaro D, Polimeni A, Basili S, Stefanini L. Platelet and immune signature associated with a rapid response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:961-974. [PMID: 35032087 PMCID: PMC9302646 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapid immune response is critical to ensure effective protection against COVID-19. Platelets are first-line sentinels of the vascular system able to rapidly alert and stimulate the immune system. However, their role in the immune response to vaccines is not known. OBJECTIVE To identify features of the platelet-immune crosstalk that would provide an early readout of vaccine efficacy in adults who received the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2). METHODS We prospectively enrolled 11 young healthy volunteers (54% females, median age: 28 years) who received two doses of BNT162b2, 21 days apart, and we studied their platelet and immune response before and after each dose of the vaccine (3 and 10 ± 2 days post-injection), in relation to the kinetics of the humoral response. RESULTS Participants achieving an effective level of neutralizing antibodies before the second dose of the vaccine (fast responders) had a higher leukocyte count, mounted a rapid cytokine response that incremented further after the second dose, and an elevated platelet turnover that ensured platelet count stability. Their circulating platelets were not more reactive but expressed lower surface levels of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-coupled receptor CD31 (PECAM-1) compared to slow responders, and formed specific platelet-leukocyte aggregates, with B cells, just 3 days after the first dose, and with non-classical monocytes and eosinophils. CONCLUSION We identified features of the platelet-immune crosstalk that are associated with the development of a rapid humoral response to an mRNA-based vaccine (BNT162b2) and that could be exploited as early biomarkers of vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Flego
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Cesaroni
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio F Romiti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernadette Corica
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Marrapodi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Scafa
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Maiorca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Lombardi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Pallucci
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pulcinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Raparelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marcella Visentini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Basili
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Stefanini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Moroi AJ, Newman PJ. Conditional CRISPR-mediated deletion of Lyn kinase enhances differentiation and function of iPSC-derived megakaryocytes. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:182-195. [PMID: 34624170 PMCID: PMC8712352 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia leading to life-threatening excessive bleeding can be treated by platelet transfusion. Currently, such treatments are totally dependent on donor-derived platelets. To support future applications in the use of in vitro-derived platelets, we sought to identify genes whose manipulation might improve the efficiency of megakaryocyte production and resulting hemostatic effectiveness. Disruption of Lyn kinase has previously been shown to improve cell survival, megakaryocyte ploidy and TPO-mediated activation in mice, but its role in human megakaryocytes and platelets has not been examined. METHODS To analyze the role of Lyn at defined differentiation stages during human megakaryocyte differentiation, conditional Lyn-deficient cells were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in iPS cells. The efficiency of Lyn-deficient megakaryocytes to differentiate and become activated in response to a range of platelet agonists was analyzed in iPSC-derived megakaryocytes. RESULTS Temporally controlled deletion of Lyn improved the in vitro differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells into mature megakaryocytes, as measured by the rate and extent of appearance of CD41+ CD42+ cells. Lyn-deficient megakaryocytes also demonstrated improved hemostatic effectiveness, as reported by their ability to mediate clot formation in rotational thromboelastometry. Finally, Lyn-deficient megakaryocytes produced increased numbers of platelet-like particles (PLP) in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Conditional deletion of Lyn kinase increases the hemostatic effectiveness of megakaryocytes and their progeny as well as improving their yield. Adoption of this system during generation of in vitro-derived platelets may contribute to both their efficiency of production and their ability to support hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Moroi
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Peter J. Newman
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Cell biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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6
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Interplay between the tyrosine kinases Chk and Csk and phosphatase PTPRJ is critical for regulating platelets in mice. Blood 2020; 135:1574-1587. [PMID: 32016283 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src family kinases (SFKs) Src, Lyn, and Fyn are essential for platelet activation and also involved in megakaryocyte (MK) development and platelet production. Platelet SFKs are inhibited by C-terminal Src kinase (Csk), which phosphorylates a conserved tyrosine in their C-terminal tail, and are activated by the receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase PTPRJ (CD148, DEP-1), which dephosphorylates the same residue. Deletion of Csk and PTPRJ in the MK lineage in mice results in increased SFK activity, but paradoxically hypoactive platelets resulting from negative feedback mechanisms, including upregulation of Csk homologous kinase (Chk) expression. Here, we investigate the role of Chk in platelets, functional redundancy with Csk, and the physiological consequences of ablating Chk, Csk, and PTPRJ in mice. Platelet count was normal in Chk knockout (KO) mice, reduced by 92% in Chk;Csk double KO (DKO) mice, and partially rescued in Chk;Csk;Ptprj triple KO (TKO) mice. Megakaryocyte numbers were significantly increased in both DKO and TKO mice. Phosphorylation of the inhibitory tyrosine of SFKs was almost completely abolished in DKO platelets, which was partially rescued in Src and Fyn in TKO platelets. This residual phosphorylation was abolished by Src inhibitors, revealing an unexpected mechanism in which SFKs autoinhibit their activity by phosphorylating their C-terminal tyrosine residues. We demonstrate that reduced inhibitory phosphorylation of SFKs leads to thrombocytopenia, with Csk being the dominant inhibitor in platelets and Chk having an auxiliary role. PTPRJ deletion in addition to Chk and Csk ameliorates the extent of thrombocytopenia, suggesting targeting it may have therapeutic benefits in such conditions.
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7
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Thom CS, Jobaliya CD, Lorenz K, Maguire JA, Gagne A, Gadue P, French DL, Voight BF. Tropomyosin 1 genetically constrains in vitro hematopoiesis. BMC Biol 2020; 18:52. [PMID: 32408895 PMCID: PMC7227211 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying causal variants and genes from human genetic studies of hematopoietic traits is important to enumerate basic regulatory mechanisms underlying these traits, and could ultimately augment translational efforts to generate platelets and/or red blood cells in vitro. To identify putative causal genes from these data, we performed computational modeling using available genome-wide association datasets for platelet and red blood cell traits. RESULTS Our model identified a joint collection of genomic features enriched at established trait associations and plausible candidate variants. Additional studies associating variation at these loci with change in gene expression highlighted Tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) among our top-ranked candidate genes. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TPM1 knockout in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enhanced hematopoietic progenitor development, increasing total megakaryocyte and erythroid cell yields. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may help explain human genetic associations and identify a novel genetic strategy to enhance in vitro hematopoiesis. A similar trait-specific gene prioritization strategy could be employed to help streamline functional validation experiments for virtually any human trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stephen Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Chintan D Jobaliya
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Lorenz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean Ann Maguire
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Franklin Voight
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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Zhi H, Kanaji T, Fu G, Newman DK, Newman PJ. Generation of PECAM-1 (CD31) conditional knockout mice. Genesis 2019; 58:e23346. [PMID: 31729819 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) is an adhesion and signaling receptor that is expressed on endothelial and hematopoietic cells and plays important roles in angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and regulation of cellular responsiveness. To better understanding the tissue specificity of PECAM-1 functions, we generated mice in which PECAM1, the gene encoding PECAM-1, could be conditionally knocked out. A targeting construct was created that contains loxP sites flanking PECAM1 exons 1 and 2 and a neomycin resistance gene flanked by flippase recognition target (FRT) sites that was positioned upstream of the 3' loxP site. The targeting construct was electroporated into C57BL/6 embryonic stem (ES) cells, and correctly targeted ES cells were injected into C57BL/6 blastocysts, which were implanted into pseudo-pregnant females. Resulting chimeric animals were bred with transgenic mice expressing Flippase 1 (FLP1) to remove the FRT-flanked neomycin resistance gene and mice heterozygous for the floxed PECAM1 allele were bred with each other to obtain homozygous PECAM1 flox/flox offspring, which expressed PECAM-1 at normal levels and had no overt phenotype. PECAM1 flox/flox mice were bred with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the SRY-box containing gene 2 (Sox2Cre) promoter to delete the floxed PECAM1 allele in offspring (Sox2Cre;PECAM1 del/WT ), which were crossbred to generate Sox2Cre; PECAM1 del/del offspring. Sox2Cre; PECAM1 del/del mice recapitulated the phenotype of conventional global PECAM-1 knockout mice. PECAM1 flox/flox mice will be useful for studying distinct roles of PECAM-1 in tissue specific contexts and to gain insights into the roles that PECAM-1 plays in blood and vascular cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhi
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Guoping Fu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Debra K Newman
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Peter J Newman
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Comparison of the linking arm effect on the biological performance of a CD31 agonist directly grafted on L605 CoCr alloy by a plasma-based multistep strategy. Biointerphases 2019; 14:051009. [PMID: 31675791 DOI: 10.1116/1.5120902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stents are cardiovascular implants deployed on atherosclerotic arteries that aid in reopening, sustaining, and avoiding their collapse. Nevertheless, postimplantation complications exist, and the risk of the renewal of the plaque subsists. Therefore, enhanced properties are mandatory requirements for clinics. For that purpose, a novel approach allowing the direct-grafting of bioactive molecules on cobalt-chromium devices (L605) has been developed. This original strategy involves the direct plasma functionalization of metallic surfaces with primary amines (-NH2). These groups act as anchor points to covalently graft biomolecules of interest, herein a peptide derived from CD31 (P23) with proendothelialization and antithrombotic properties. However, the biological activity of the grafted peptide could be impacted by its conformation. For this study, glutaric anhydride (GA), a short chain spacer, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with antifouling properties were used as linking arms (LAs). The covalent grafting of the CD31 agonist on L605 by different LAs (GA-P23 and PEG-P23) was confirmed by XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses. The biological performance of these functionalized surfaces showed that, compared to the electropolished (EP) alloy, grafting the P23 with both LA increases adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) since day 1: EP = 68 ± 10%, GA-P23 = 101 ± 7%, and PEG-P23 = 106 ± 5% of cell viability. Moreover, ECs formed a complete monolayer at the surface, preventing clot formation (hemoglobin-free >80%). The potential of this plasma-based strategy for cardiovascular applications was confirmed by promoting a fast re-endothelialization, by improving the hemocompatibility of the alloy when coupled with the CD31 agonist and by its transfer onto commercial L605 stents, as confirmed by ToF-SIMS.
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10
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Wang H, Ye Y, Wan W, Wang L, Li R, Li L, Yang L, Yang L, Gu Y, Dong L, Meng Z. Xinmailong Modulates Platelet Function and Inhibits Thrombus Formation via the Platelet αIIbβ3-Mediated Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:923. [PMID: 31507419 PMCID: PMC6716460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Xinmailong (XML), a bioactive composite extracted from Periplaneta americana, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure. However, it is unclear whether XML has antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. Methods: The effects of XML on agonist-induced platelet aggregation, adhesion and spreading, granule secretion, integrin α II bβ3 activation, and thrombus formation were evaluated. Phosphorylation of Syk, PLCγ2, Akt, GSK3β, and MAPK signaling molecules was also studied on agonist-induced platelets. In addition, the antithrombotic effects of XML were observed in vivo using an acute pulmonary thrombosis mouse model. Results: XML dose-dependently inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation and granule secretion induced by thrombin, collagen, and arachidonic acid (AA). XML also greatly reduced platelet adhesion and spreading on both collagen- and fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Biochemical analysis revealed that XML inhibited thrombin-, collagen-, and AA-induced phosphorylation of Syk, PLCγ2, Akt, GSK3β, and MAPK. Additionally, XML significantly inhibited in vivo thrombus formation in a collagen–epinephrine-induced acute pulmonary thrombosis mouse model. Conclusions and General Significance: Here, we provide the first report showing that XML inhibits platelet function and that it possesses antithrombotic activity. This suggests that XML could be a potential therapeutic candidate to prevent or treat platelet-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yujia Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Luqiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Longjun Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lai Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yajuan Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaohui Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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11
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Nurden AT. Clinical significance of altered collagen-receptor functioning in platelets with emphasis on glycoprotein VI. Blood Rev 2019; 38:100592. [PMID: 31351674 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Much interest surrounds the receptors α2β1 and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) whose synchronized action mediates the attachment and activation of platelets on collagen, essential for preventing blood loss but also the most thrombogenic component of the vessel wall. Subject to density variations on platelets through natural polymorphisms, the absence of α2β1 or GPVI uniquely leads to a substantial block of hemostasis without causing major bleeding. Specific to the megakaryocyte lineage, GPVI and its signaling pathways are most promising targets for anti-thrombotic therapy. This review looks at the clinical consequences of the loss of collagen receptor function with emphasis on both the inherited and acquired loss of GPVI with brief mention of mouse models when necessary. A detailed survey of rare case reports of patients with inherited disease-causing variants of the GP6 gene is followed by an assessment of the causes and clinical consequences of acquired GPVI deficiency, a more frequent finding most often due to antibody-induced platelet GPVI shedding. Release of soluble GPVI is brought about by platelet metalloproteinases; a process induced by ligand or antibody binding to GPVI or even high shear forces. Also included is an assessment of the clinical importance of GPVI-mediated platelet interactions with fibrin and of the promise shown by the pharmacological inhibition of GPVI in a cardiovascular context. The role for GPVI in platelet function in inflammation and in the evolution and treatment of major illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and sepsis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Nurden
- Institut de Rhythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, PTIB, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, 33600 Pessac, France.
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12
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Stefanini L, Bergmeier W. Negative regulators of platelet activation and adhesion. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:220-230. [PMID: 29193689 PMCID: PMC5809258 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleated cells that constantly patrol the cardiovascular system to preserve its integrity and prevent excessive blood loss where the vessel lining is breached. Their key challenge is to form a hemostatic plug under conditions of high shear forces. To do so, platelets have evolved a molecular machinery that enables them to sense trace amounts of signals at the site of damage and to rapidly shift from a non-adhesive to a pro-adhesive state. However, this highly efficient molecular machinery can also lead to unintended platelet activation and cause clinical complications such as thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Thus, several checkpoints are in place to tightly control platelet activation and adhesiveness in space and time. In this review, we will discuss select negative regulators of platelet activation, which are critical to maintain patrolling platelets in a quiescent, non-adhesive state and/or to limit platelet adhesion to sites of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stefanini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - W Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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13
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Gotru SK, Chen W, Kraft P, Becker IC, Wolf K, Stritt S, Zierler S, Hermanns HM, Rao D, Perraud AL, Schmitz C, Zahedi RP, Noy PJ, Tomlinson MG, Dandekar T, Matsushita M, Chubanov V, Gudermann T, Stoll G, Nieswandt B, Braun A. TRPM7 Kinase Controls Calcium Responses in Arterial Thrombosis and Stroke in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:344-352. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K. Gotru
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Wenchun Chen
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Peter Kraft
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Isabelle C. Becker
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Karen Wolf
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Simon Stritt
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Susanna Zierler
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Heike M. Hermanns
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Deviyani Rao
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Anne-Laure Perraud
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Carsten Schmitz
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - René P. Zahedi
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Peter J. Noy
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Michael G. Tomlinson
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Vladimir Chubanov
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Guido Stoll
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
| | - Attila Braun
- From the Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital of Würzburg (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), Rudolf Virchow Center (S.K.G., W.C., I.C.B., K.W., S.S., B.N., A.B.), and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (P.K.), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Hepatology (H.M.H.) and Department of Neurology (P.K., G.S.), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,
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14
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Estevez B, Du X. New Concepts and Mechanisms of Platelet Activation Signaling. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:162-177. [PMID: 28228483 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00020.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon blood vessel injury, platelets are exposed to adhesive proteins in the vascular wall and soluble agonists, which initiate platelet activation, leading to formation of hemostatic thrombi. Pathological activation of platelets can induce occlusive thrombosis, resulting in ischemic events such as heart attack and stroke, which are leading causes of death globally. Platelet activation requires intracellular signal transduction initiated by platelet receptors for adhesion proteins and soluble agonists. Whereas many platelet activation signaling pathways have been established for many years, significant recent progress reveals much more complex and sophisticated signaling and amplification networks. With the discovery of new receptor signaling pathways and regulatory networks, some of the long-standing concepts of platelet signaling have been challenged. This review provides an overview of the new developments and concepts in platelet activation signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Estevez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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15
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ITIM receptors: more than just inhibitors of platelet activation. Blood 2017; 129:3407-3418. [PMID: 28465343 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-720185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)-containing receptors have been shown to inhibit signaling from immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing receptors in almost all hematopoietic cells, including platelets. However, a growing body of evidence has emerged demonstrating that this is an oversimplification, and that ITIM-containing receptors are versatile regulators of platelet signal transduction, with functions beyond inhibiting ITAM-mediated platelet activation. PECAM-1 was the first ITIM-containing receptor identified in platelets and appeared to conform to the established model of ITIM-mediated attenuation of ITAM-driven activation. PECAM-1 was therefore widely accepted as a major negative regulator of platelet activation and thrombosis for many years, but more recent findings suggest a more complex role for this receptor, including the facilitation of αIIbβ3-mediated platelet functions. Since the identification of PECAM-1, several other ITIM-containing platelet receptors have been discovered. These include G6b-B, a critical regulator of platelet reactivity and production, and the noncanonical ITIM-containing receptor TREM-like transcript-1, which is localized to α-granules in resting platelets, binds fibrinogen, and acts as a positive regulator of platelet activation. Despite structural similarities and shared binding partners, including the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatases Shp1 and Shp2, knockout and transgenic mouse models have revealed distinct phenotypes and nonredundant functions for each ITIM-containing receptor in the context of platelet homeostasis. These roles are likely influenced by receptor density, compartmentalization, and as-yet unknown binding partners. In this review, we discuss the diverse repertoire of ITIM-containing receptors in platelets, highlighting intriguing new functions, controversies, and future areas of investigation.
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16
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Liu G, Xie W, He AD, Da XW, Liang ML, Yao GQ, Xiang JZ, Gao CJ, Ming ZY. Antiplatelet activity of chrysin via inhibiting platelet αIIbβ3-mediated signaling pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1984-93. [PMID: 27006308 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Propolis is thought to help prevent thrombotic and related cardiovascular diseases in humans. Chrysin, a bioflavonoids compound found in high levels in propolis and in honey, has been reported to possess antiplatelet activity. However, the mechanism by which it inhibits platelet function is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of chrysin on agonist-activated platelet-aggregation, granule-secretion, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation were examined. Its effects on the phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β, MAPKs, and several proteins of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signaling pathway were also studied on collaged-activated platelets. In addition, human platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen was also tested. We found that chrysin dose dependently inhibited platelet aggregation and granule secretion induced by collagen, as well as platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, and U46619. Chrysin also markedly reduced the number of adherent platelets and the single platelet spreading area on immobilized fibrinogen. Biochemical analysis revealed that chrysin inhibited collagen-induced activation of Syk, PLCγ2, PKC, as well as the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. Additionally, chrysin attenuated phosphorylation of molecules such as FcγRIIa, FAK, Akt, and GSK3β in platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that chrysin suppresses not only integrin αIIbβ3-mediated "inside-out" signaling, but also the "outside-in" signal transmission. This implies that chrysin may represent a potential candidate for an antiplatelet agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao-Di He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Wen Da
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Lu Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Qiang Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Zhou Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Cun-Ji Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Yin Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China. .,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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17
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Novel phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives accumulate in circulation in hyperlipidemic ApoE-/- mice and activate platelets via TLR2. Blood 2016; 127:2618-29. [PMID: 27015965 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-664300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A prothrombotic state and increased platelet reactivity are common in dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation, a major consequence of oxidative stress, generates highly reactive products, including hydroxy-ω-oxoalkenoic acids that modify autologous proteins generating biologically active derivatives. Phosphatidylethanolamine, the second most abundant eukaryotic phospholipid, can also be modified by hydroxy-ω-oxoalkenoic acids. However, the conditions leading to accumulation of such derivatives in circulation and their biological activities remain poorly understood. We now show that carboxyalkylpyrrole-phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives (CAP-PEs) are present in the plasma of hyperlipidemic ApoE(-/-) mice. CAP-PEs directly bind to TLR2 and induces platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin expression in a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent manner. Platelet activation by CAP-PEs includes assembly of TLR2/TLR1 receptor complex, induction of downstream signaling via MyD88/TIRAP, phosphorylation of IRAK4, and subsequent activation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6. This in turn activates the Src family kinases, spleen tyrosine kinase and PLCγ2, and platelet integrins. Murine intravital thrombosis studies demonstrated that CAP-PEs accelerate thrombosis in TLR2-dependent manner and that TLR2 contributes to accelerate thrombosis in mice in the settings of hyperlipidemia. Our study identified the novel end-products of lipid peroxidation, accumulating in circulation in hyperlipidemia and inducing platelet activation by promoting cross-talk between innate immunity and integrin activation signaling pathways.
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18
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Nai W, Threapleton D, Lu J, Zhang K, Wu H, Fu Y, Wang Y, Ou Z, Shan L, Ding Y, Yu Y, Dai M. Identification of novel genes and pathways in carotid atheroma using integrated bioinformatic methods. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18764. [PMID: 26742467 PMCID: PMC4705461 DOI: 10.1038/srep18764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular events and its molecular mechanism urgently needs to be clarified. In our study, atheromatous plaques (ATH) and macroscopically intact tissue (MIT) sampled from 32 patients were compared and an integrated series of bioinformatic microarray analyses were used to identify altered genes and pathways. Our work showed 816 genes were differentially expressed between ATH and MIT, including 443 that were up-regulated and 373 that were down-regulated in ATH tissues. GO functional-enrichment analysis for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that genes related to the "immune response" and "muscle contraction" were altered in ATHs. KEGG pathway-enrichment analysis showed that up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the "FcεRI-mediated signaling pathway", while down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in the "transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway". Protein-protein interaction network and module analysis demonstrated that VAV1, SYK, LYN and PTPN6 may play critical roles in the network. Additionally, similar observations were seen in a validation study where SYK, LYN and PTPN6 were markedly elevated in ATH. All in all, identification of these genes and pathways not only provides new insights into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but may also aid in the development of prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for advanced atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Nai
- Department of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Diane Threapleton
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jingbo Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, People's hospital of Henan province, Zhengzhou university, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Hongyuan Wu
- Department of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - You Fu
- Department of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zejin Ou
- Department of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanlan Shan
- Department of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
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19
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Rahmouni S, Hego A, Delierneux C, Wéra O, Musumeci L, Tautz L, Oury C. Functional Analysis of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1447:301-30. [PMID: 27514813 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3746-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are small blood cells derived from cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes and play an essential role in thrombosis and hemostasis. Platelet activation depends on the rapid phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of key signaling molecules, and a number of kinases and phosphatases have been identified as major regulators of platelet function. However, the investigation of novel signaling proteins has suffered from technical limitations due to the anucleate nature of platelets and their very limited levels of mRNA and de novo protein synthesis. In the past, experimental methods were restricted to the generation of genetically modified mice and the development of specific antibodies. More recently, novel (phospho)proteomic technologies and pharmacological approaches using specific small-molecule inhibitors have added additional capabilities to investigate specific platelet proteins.In this chapter, we report methods for using genetic and pharmacological approaches to investigate the function of platelet signaling proteins. While the described experiments focus on the role of the dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) in platelet signaling, the presented methods are applicable to any signaling enzyme. Specifically, we describe a testing strategy that includes (1) aggregation and secretion experiments with mouse and human platelets, (2) immunoprecipitation and immunoblot assays to study platelet signaling events, (3) detailed protocols to use selected animal models in order to investigate thrombosis and hemostasis in vivo, and (4) strategies for utilizing pharmacological inhibitors on human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Rahmouni
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B34, 1 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Alexandre Hego
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Delierneux
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Odile Wéra
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lucia Musumeci
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B34, 1 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 4000, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lutz Tautz
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cécile Oury
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation over IgG Immune Complexes Requires Integrin αIIbβ3 and Lyn Kinase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135738. [PMID: 26291522 PMCID: PMC4546160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG immune complexes contribute to the etiology and pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune disorders, including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid- and collagen-induced arthritis, and chronic glomerulonephritis. Patients suffering from immune complex-related disorders are known to be susceptible to platelet-mediated thrombotic events. Though the role of the Fc receptor, FcγRIIa, in initiating platelet activation is well understood, the role of the major platelet adhesion receptor, integrin αIIbβ3, in amplifying platelet activation and mediating adhesion and aggregation downstream of encountering IgG immune complexes is poorly understood. The goal of this investigation was to gain a better understanding of the relative roles of these two receptor systems in immune complex-mediated thrombotic complications. Human platelets, and mouse platelets genetically engineered to differentially express FcγRIIa and αIIbβ3, were allowed to interact with IgG-coated surfaces under both static and flow conditions, and their ability to spread and form thrombi evaluated in the presence and absence of clinically-used fibrinogen receptor antagonists. Although binding of IgG immune complexes to FcγRIIa was sufficient for platelet adhesion and initial signal transduction events, platelet spreading and thrombus formation over IgG-coated surfaces showed an absolute requirement for αIIbβ3 and its ligands. Tyrosine kinases Lyn and Syk were found to play key roles in IgG-induced platelet activation events. Taken together, our data suggest a complex functional interplay between FcγRIIa, Lyn, and αIIbβ3 in immune complex-induced platelet activation. Future studies may be warranted to determine whether patients suffering from immune complex disorders might benefit from treatment with anti-αIIbβ3-directed therapeutics.
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Wang SB, Jang JY, Chae YH, Min JH, Baek JY, Kim M, Park Y, Hwang GS, Ryu JS, Chang TS. Kaempferol suppresses collagen-induced platelet activation by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and protecting SHP-2 from oxidative inactivation. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:41-53. [PMID: 25645952 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated upon collagen stimulation act as second messengers to propagate various platelet-activating events. Among the ROS-generating enzymes, NADPH oxidase (NOX) plays a prominent role in platelet activation. Thus, NOX has been suggested as a novel target for anti-platelet drug development. Although kaempferol has been identified as a NOX inhibitor, the influence of kaempferol on the activation of platelets and the underlying mechanism have never been investigated. Here, we studied the effects of kaempferol on NOX activation, ROS-dependent signaling pathways, and functional responses in collagen-stimulated platelets. Superoxide anion generation stimulated by collagen was significantly inhibited by kaempferol in a concentration-dependent manner. More importantly, kaempferol directly bound p47(phox), a major regulatory subunit of NOX, and significantly inhibited collagen-induced phosphorylation of p47(phox) and NOX activation. In accordance with the inhibition of NOX, ROS-dependent inactivation of SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) was potently protected by kaempferol. Subsequently, the specific tyrosine phosphorylation of key components (Syk, Vav1, Btk, and PLCγ2) of collagen receptor signaling pathways was suppressed by kaempferol. Kaempferol also attenuated downstream responses, including cytosolic calcium elevation, P-selectin surface exposure, and integrin-αIIbβ3 activation. Ultimately, kaempferol inhibited platelet aggregation and adhesion in response to collagen in vitro and prolonged in vivo thrombotic response in carotid arteries of mice. This study shows that kaempferol impairs collagen-induced platelet activation through inhibition of NOX-derived ROS production and subsequent oxidative inactivation of SHP-2. This effect suggests that kaempferol has therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of thrombovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bin Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Jang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Chae
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Min
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Baek
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Park
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Seo Hwang
- Lab of Cell Differentiation Research, College of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Ryu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Xia T, Liu X, Du CJ, Jin X, Kong XQ, Li G. Association of Leu125Val polymorphisms in the PECAM-1 gene with the risk of coronary heartdisease: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:2219-2225. [PMID: 25932154 PMCID: PMC4402801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several published literatures investigated the relation between a polymorphism (Leul25Val) in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) gene and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and did not reach the same conclusion. To shed light on these inconclusive findings, we performed a meta-analysis of studies relating the PECAM-1 genetic polymorphism (Leul25Val) to the risk of CHD. METHODS We identified literatures by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases (CNKI) and Wanfang database in China. Data from eligible studies were extracted for meta-analysis. CHD risk associated with PECAM-1 genetic polymorphism (Leul25Val) was estimated by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The software Review Manager (Version 5.2) was used for meta-analysis. Publication bias was tested by funnel plot. RESULTS A total of 15 studies comprising 3696 cases and 3940 controls fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Our results did not show that Leul25Val polymorphism in PECAM-1 gene was associated with the risk of CHD [(LL+LV) vs VV, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.84-1.56, P = 0.38; (VV+LV) vs LL, OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.79-1.17, P = 0.69; V vs L, OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.92-1.27, P = 0.80, respectively] by a meta-analysis. CONCLUSION The results of our meta-analysis suggested that Leul25Val polymorphism in PECAM-1 gene is not a susceptibility marker of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University324 Jing Wu Wei Qi Road, Jinan 250021, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of Tai’an29 Long Tan Road, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Branch, The Central Hospital of Tai’an29 Long Tan Road, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Chang Jiang Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of Tai’an29 Long Tan Road, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University324 Jing Wu Wei Qi Road, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xiang Qian Kong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University324 Jing Wu Wei Qi Road, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of Tai’an29 Long Tan Road, Tai’an 271000, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University324 Jing Wu Wei Qi Road, Jinan 250021, China
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Loren CP, Aslan JE, Rigg RA, Nowak MS, Healy LD, Gruber A, Druker BJ, McCarty OJT. The BCR-ABL inhibitor ponatinib inhibits platelet immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signaling, platelet activation and aggregate formation under shear. Thromb Res 2015; 135:155-60. [PMID: 25527332 PMCID: PMC4272760 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib significantly improves patient outcomes. As some patients are unresponsive to imatinib, next generation BCR-ABL inhibitors such as nilotinib have been developed to treat patients with imatinib-resistant CML. The use of some BCR-ABL inhibitors has been associated with bleeding diathesis, and these inhibitors have been shown to inhibit platelet functions, which may explain the hemostasis impairment. Surprisingly, a new TKI, ponatinib, has been associated with a high incidence of severe acute ischemic cardiovascular events. The mechanism of this unexpected adverse effect remains undefined. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This study used biochemical and functional assays to evaluate whether ponatinib was different from the other BCR-ABL inhibitors with respect to platelet activation, spreading, and aggregation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results show that ponatinib, similar to other TKIs, acts as a platelet antagonist. Ponatinib inhibited platelet activation, spreading, granule secretion, and aggregation, likely through broad spectrum inhibition of platelet tyrosine kinase signaling, and also inhibited platelet aggregate formation in whole blood under shear. As our results indicate that pobatinib inhibits platelet function, the adverse cardiovascular events observed in patients taking ponatinib may be the result of the effect of ponatinib on other organs or cell types, or disease-specific processes, such as BCR-ABL+cells undergoing apoptosis in response to chemotherapy, or drug-induced adverse effects on the integrity of the vascular endothelium in ponatinib-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra P Loren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology.
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology
| | | | - Marie S Nowak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Medical Physics, Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | | | - András Gruber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine
| | - Brian J Druker
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology; Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine
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24
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Li W, Gigante A, Perez-Perez MJ, Yue H, Hirano M, McIntyre TM, Silverstein RL. Thymidine phosphorylase participates in platelet signaling and promotes thrombosis. Circ Res 2014; 115:997-1006. [PMID: 25287063 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Platelets contain abundant thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), which is highly expressed in diseases with high risk of thrombosis, such as atherosclerosis and type II diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that TYMP participates in platelet signaling and promotes thrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS By using a ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced carotid artery injury thrombosis model, we found time to blood flow cessation was significantly prolonged in Tymp(-/-) and Tymp(+/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. Bone marrow transplantation and platelet transfusion studies demonstrated that platelet TYMP was responsible for the antithrombotic phenomenon in the TYMP-deficient mice. Collagen-, collagen-related peptide-, adenosine diphosphate-, or thrombin-induced platelet aggregation were significantly attenuated in Tymp(+/-) and Tymp(-/-) platelets, and in wild type or human platelets pretreated with TYMP inhibitor KIN59. Tymp deficiency also significantly decreased agonist-induced P-selectin expression. TYMP contains an N-terminal SH3 domain-binding proline-rich motif and forms a complex with the tyrosine kinases Lyn, Fyn, and Yes in platelets. TYMP-associated Lyn was inactive in resting platelets, and TYMP trapped and diminished active Lyn after collagen stimulation. Tymp/Lyn double haploinsufficiency diminished the antithrombotic phenotype of Tymp(+/-) mice. TYMP deletion or inhibition of TYMP with KIN59 dramatically increased platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 tyrosine phosphorylation and diminished collagen-related peptide- or collagen-induced AKT phosphorylation. In vivo administration of KIN59 significantly inhibited FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis without affecting hemostasis. CONCLUSIONS TYMP participates in multiple platelet signaling pathways and regulates platelet activation and thrombosis. Targeting TYMP might be a novel antiplatelet and antithrombosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Alba Gigante
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Maria-Jesus Perez-Perez
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Hong Yue
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Michio Hirano
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Roy L Silverstein
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (W.L., T.M.M.); Instituto de Quimica Medica, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.G.,M.-J.P.-P.); Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (H.Y.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.H.); and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
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25
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Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) play a central role in mediating the rapid response of platelets to vascular injury. They transmit activation signals from a diverse repertoire of platelet surface receptors, including the integrin αIIbβ3, the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-containing collagen receptor complex GPVI-FcR γ-chain, and the von Willebrand factor receptor complex GPIb-IX-V, which are essential for thrombus growth and stability. Ligand-mediated clustering of these receptors triggers an increase in SFK activity and downstream tyrosine phosphorylation of enzymes, adaptors, and cytoskeletal proteins that collectively propagate the signal and coordinate platelet activation. A growing body of evidence has established that SFKs also contribute to Gq- and Gi-coupled receptor signaling that synergizes with primary activation signals to maximally activate platelets and render them prothrombotic. Interestingly, SFKs concomitantly activate inhibitory pathways that limit platelet activation and thrombus size. In this review, we discuss past discoveries that laid the foundation for this fundamental area of platelet signal transduction, recent progress in our understanding of the distinct and overlapping functions of SFKs in platelets, and new avenues of research into mechanisms of SFK regulation. We also highlight the thrombotic and hemostatic consequences of targeting platelet SFKs.
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26
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Lishnevsky M, Young LC, Woods SJ, Groshong SD, Basaraba RJ, Gilchrist JM, Higgins DM, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Bass TA, Muller WA, Schenkel AR. Microhemorrhage is an early event in the pulmonary fibrotic disease of PECAM-1 deficient FVB/n mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:128-36. [PMID: 24972347 PMCID: PMC4414406 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (PECAM-1) deficient mice in the FVB/n strain exhibit fatal chronic pulmonary fibrotic disease. The illness occurs in the absence of a detectable pro-inflammatory event. PECAM-1 is vital to the stability of vascular permeability, leukocyte extravasation, clotting of platelets, and clearance of apoptotic cells. We show here that the spontaneous development of fibrotic disease in PECAM-1 deficient FVB/n mice is characterized by early loss of vascular integrity in pulmonary capillaries, resulting in spontaneous microbleeds. Hemosiderin-positive macrophages were found in interstitial spaces and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in relatively healthy animals. We also observed a gradually increasing presence of hemosiderin-positive macrophages and fibrin deposition in the advanced stages of disease, corresponding to the accumulation of collagen, IL-10 expression, and myofibroblasts expressing alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA). Together with the growing evidence that pulmonary microbleeds and coagulation play an active part in human pulmonary fibrosis, this data further supports our hypothesis that PECAM-1 expression is necessary for vascular barrier function control and regulation of homeostasis specifically, in the pulmonary environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lishnevsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
| | - Lena C Young
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Steven J Woods
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Steven D Groshong
- Division of Pathology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Randall J Basaraba
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - John M Gilchrist
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David M Higgins
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Todd A Bass
- Histology Core Services, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alan R Schenkel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
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Jang JY, Min JH, Chae YH, Baek JY, Wang SB, Park SJ, Oh GT, Lee SH, Ho YS, Chang TS. Reactive oxygen species play a critical role in collagen-induced platelet activation via SHP-2 oxidation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2528-40. [PMID: 24093153 PMCID: PMC4025609 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The collagen-stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulates signal transduction in platelets, although the mechanism is unclear. The major targets of ROS include protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). ROS-mediated oxidation of the active cysteine site in PTPs abrogates the PTP catalytic activity. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether collagen-induced ROS generation leads to PTP oxidation, which promotes platelet stimulation. RESULTS SH2 domain-containing PTP-2 (SHP-2) is oxidized in platelets by ROS produced upon collagen stimulation. The oxidative inactivation of SHP-2 leads to the enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Vav1, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) in the linker for the activation of T cells signaling complex, which promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated activation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2). Moreover, we found that, relative to wild-type platelets, platelets derived from glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1)/catalase double-deficient mice showed enhanced cellular ROS levels, oxidative inactivation of SHP-2, and tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, Vav1, Btk, and PLCγ2 in response to collagen, which subsequently led to increased intracellular calcium levels, degranulation, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Consistent with these findings, GPx1/catalase double-deficiency accelerated the thrombotic response in FeCl3-injured carotid arteries. INNOVATION The present study is the first to demonstrate that SHP-2 is targeted by ROS produced in collagen-stimulated platelets and suggests that a novel mechanism for the regulation of platelet activation by ROS is due to oxidative inactivation of SHP-2. CONCLUSION We conclude that collagen-induced ROS production leads to SHP-2 oxidation, which promotes platelet activation by upregulating tyrosine phosphorylation-based signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yong Jang
- 1 Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University , Seoul, South Korea
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Tablin F, Schumacher T, Pombo M, Marion CT, Huang K, Norris JW, Jandrey KE, Kittleson MD. Platelet activation in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:411-8. [PMID: 24612013 PMCID: PMC4857988 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are at risk for development of systemic thromboembolic disease. However, the relationship between platelet activation state and cardiovascular parameters associated with HCM is not well described. OBJECTIVES To characterize platelet activation by flow cytometric evaluation of platelet P-selectin and semiquantitative Western blot analysis of soluble platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (sPECAM-1). ANIMALS Eight normal healthy cats (controls) owned by staff and students of the School of Veterinary Medicine and 36 cats from the UC Davis Feline HCM Research Laboratory were studied. METHODS Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was used for all flow cytometry studies. Platelet surface CD41 and P-selectin expression were evaluated before and after ADP stimulation. sPECAM-1 expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis of platelet-poor plasma that had been stabilized with aprotinin. Standard echocardiographic studies were performed. RESULTS Resting platelets from cats with severe HCM had increased P-selectin expression compared to controls, and expressed higher surface density of P-selectin reflected by their increased mean fluorescence intensities (MFI). Stimulation with ADP also resulted in significantly increased P-selectin MFI of platelets from cats with severe HCM. Increased P-selectin expression and MFI correlated with the presence of a heart murmur and end-systolic cavity obliteration (ESCO). sPECAM-1 expression from cats with moderate and severe HCM was significantly increased above those of control cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE P-selectin and sPECAM expression may be useful biomarkers indicating increased platelet activation in cats with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tablin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
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Privratsky JR, Newman PJ. PECAM-1: regulator of endothelial junctional integrity. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:607-19. [PMID: 24435645 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PECAM-1 (also known as CD31) is a cellular adhesion and signaling receptor comprising six extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like homology domains, a short transmembrane domain and a 118 amino acid cytoplasmic domain that becomes serine and tyrosine phosphorylated upon cellular activation. PECAM-1 expression is restricted to blood and vascular cells. In circulating platelets and leukocytes, PECAM-1 functions largely as an inhibitory receptor that, via regulated sequential phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain, limits cellular activation responses. PECAM-1 is also highly expressed at endothelial cell intercellular junctions, where it functions as a mechanosensor, as a regulator of leukocyte trafficking and in the maintenance of endothelial cell junctional integrity. In this review, we will describe (1) the functional domains of PECAM-1 and how they contribute to its barrier-enhancing properties, (2) how the physical properties of PECAM-1 influence its subcellular localization and its ability to influence endothelial cell barrier function, (3) various stimuli that initiate PECAM-1 signaling and/or function at the endothelial junction and (4) cross-talk of PECAM-1 with other junctional molecules, which can influence endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Privratsky
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, P.O. Box 2178, 638N. 18th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
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Sakata A, Ohmori T, Nishimura S, Suzuki H, Madoiwa S, Mimuro J, Kario K, Sakata Y. Paxillin is an intrinsic negative regulator of platelet activation in mice. Thromb J 2014; 12:1. [PMID: 24383745 PMCID: PMC3904695 DOI: 10.1186/1477-9560-12-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paxillin is a LIM domain protein localized at integrin-mediated focal adhesions. Although paxillin is thought to modulate the functions of integrins, little is known about the contribution of paxillin to signaling pathways in platelets. Here, we studied the role of paxillin in platelet activation in vitro and in vivo. Methods and results We generated paxillin knockdown (Pxn-KD) platelets in mice by transplanting bone marrow cells transduced with a lentiviral vector carrying a short hairpin RNA sequence, and confirmed that paxillin expression was significantly reduced in platelets derived from the transduced cells. Pxn-KD platelets showed a slight increased in size and augmented integrin αIIbβ3 activation following stimulation of multiple receptors including glycoprotein VI and G protein-coupled receptors. Thromboxane A2 biosynthesis and the release of α-granules and dense granules in response to agonist stimulation were also enhanced in Pxn-KD platelets. However, Pxn-KD did not increase tyrosine phosphorylation or intracellular calcium mobilization. Intravital imaging confirmed that Pxn-KD enhanced thrombus formation in vivo. Conclusions Our findings suggest that paxillin negatively regulates several common platelet signaling pathways, resulting in the activation of integrin αIIbβ3 and release reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsukasa Ohmori
- Research Division of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3111-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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Abstract
Statins are widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs that are a first-line treatment of coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis, reducing the incidence of thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Statins have been shown to reduce platelet activation, although the mechanism(s) through which this occurs is unclear. Because several of the characteristic effects of statins on platelets are shared with those elicited by the inhibitory platelet adhesion receptor PECAM-1 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1), we investigated a potential connection between the influence of statins on platelet function and PECAM-1 signaling. Statins were found to inhibit a range of platelet functional responses and thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo. Notably, these effects of statins on platelet function in vitro and in vivo were diminished in PECAM-1(-/-) platelets. Activation of PECAM-1 signaling results in its tyrosine phosphorylation, the recruitment and activation of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, the subsequent binding of phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and diminished PI3K signaling. Statins resulted in the stimulation of these events, leading to the inhibition of Akt activation. Together, these data provide evidence for a fundamental role of PECAM-1 in the inhibitory effects of statins on platelet activation, which may explain some of the pleiotropic actions of these drugs.
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Neferine exerts its antithrombotic effect by inhibiting platelet aggregation and promoting dissociation of platelet aggregates. Thromb Res 2013; 132:202-10. [PMID: 23773522 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neferine, a kind of isoquinoline alkaloid, extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has long been recognized in traditional medicine as a medicinal plant with various usages. Neferine has many biological activities, including anti-hypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, negative inotropic effect and relaxation on vascular smooth muscle. Although previous studies have reported its antithrombotic effect, the mechanisms by which it exerts antithrombotic effect have not been thoroughly studied. METHOD Washed mice platelets and mice platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) were used to investigate the effects of neferine on platelet aggregation, secretion induced by various agonists and dissociation of agonist-formed platelet aggregates. Bioflux plates coated with collagen were used to investigate the effect of neferine on platelet adhesion and thrombosis in vitro. With collagen-epinephrine-induced acute pulmonary thrombus formation mouse model, the effect of neferine on thrombosis in vivo was also examined. RESULTS Neferine, significantly and dose-dependently, inhibited collagen-, thrombin-, U46619-induced platelet aggregation in mice washed platelets, or ADP-induced platelet aggregation in PRP. Neferine treatment decreased platelet dense granule secretion initiated by collagen, thrombin and U46619. Also, Neferine dramatically and dose-dependently promoted the dissociation of platelet aggregates pre-formed by various agonists including collagen, thrombin, U46619 or ADP. Neferine can significantly reduce the area of mice platelets adhesion to the collagen and inhibit thrombosis in vitro. In collagen-epinephrine-induced acute pulmonary thrombus mouse model, neferine, at 6 mg/kg, significantly attenuated thrombus formation. CONCLUSIONS Neferine remarkably prevents thrombus formation by inhibiting platelet activation, adhesion and aggregation, as well as promoting disassembly of pre-formed platelet aggregates. The inhibitory effects of neferine on platelet activation might be relevant in cases involving aberrant platelet activation where neferine could be used as an anti-platelet and antithrombotic agent.
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Tourdot BE, Brenner MK, Keough KC, Holyst T, Newman PJ, Newman DK. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-mediated inhibitory signaling is regulated by sequential phosphorylation mediated by distinct nonreceptor tyrosine kinases: a case study involving PECAM-1. Biochemistry 2013; 52:2597-608. [PMID: 23418871 DOI: 10.1021/bi301461t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The activation state of many blood and vascular cells is tightly controlled by a delicate balance between receptors that contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) and those that contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). Precisely how the timing of cellular activation by ITAM-coupled receptors is regulated by ITIM-containing receptors is, however, poorly understood. Using platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) as a prototypical ITIM-bearing receptor, we demonstrate that initiation of inhibitory signaling occurs via a novel, sequential process in which Src family kinases phosphorylate the C-terminal ITIM, thereby enabling phosphorylation of the N-terminal ITIM of PECAM-1 by other Src homology 2 domain-containing nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs). NRTKs capable of mediating the second phosphorylation event include C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Btk and Csk function downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation during ITAM-dependent platelet activation. In ITAM-activated platelets that were treated with a PI3K inhibitor, PECAM-1 was phosphorylated but did not bind the tandem SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, indicating that it was not phosphorylated on its N-terminal ITIM. Csk bound to and phosphorylated PECAM-1 more efficiently than did Btk and required its SH2 domain to perform these functions. Additionally, the phosphorylation of the N-terminal ITIM of Siglec-9 by Csk is enhanced by the prior phosphorylation of its C-terminal ITIM, providing evidence that the ITIMs of other dual ITIM-containing receptors are also sequentially phosphorylated. On the basis of these findings, we propose that sequential ITIM phosphorylation provides a general mechanism for precise temporal control over the recruitment and activation of tandem SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases that dampen ITAM-dependent signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Tourdot
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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The role of Src kinase in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:512926. [PMID: 23209344 PMCID: PMC3504478 DOI: 10.1155/2012/512926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Src kinase (Src) is a tyrosine protein kinase that regulates cellular metabolism, survival, and proliferation. Many studies have shown that Src plays multiple roles in macrophage-mediated innate immunity, such as phagocytosis, the production of inflammatory cytokines/mediators, and the induction of cellular migration, which strongly implies that Src plays a pivotal role in the functional activation of macrophages. Macrophages are involved in a variety of immune responses and in inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and osteoporosis. Previous studies have suggested roles for Src in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses; however, recently, new functions for Src have been reported, implying that Src functions in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses that have not been described. In this paper, we discuss recent studies regarding a number of these newly defined functions of Src in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Moreover, we discuss the feasibility of Src as a target for the development of new pharmaceutical drugs to treat macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases. We provide insights into recent reports regarding new functions for Src that are related to macrophage-related inflammatory responses and the development of novel Src inhibitors with strong immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties, which could be applied to various macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Séverin S, Nash CA, Mori J, Zhao Y, Abram C, Lowell CA, Senis YA, Watson SP. Distinct and overlapping functional roles of Src family kinases in mouse platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1631-45. [PMID: 22694307 PMCID: PMC4280098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Src family kinases (SFKs) play a critical role in initiating and propagating signals in platelets. The aims of this study were to quantitate SFK members present in platelets and to analyze their contribution to platelet regulation using glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and intregrin αIIbβ3, and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Mouse platelets express four SFKs, Fgr, Fyn, Lyn and Src, with Lyn expressed at a considerably higher level than the others. Using mutant mouse models, we demonstrate that platelet activation by collagen-related peptide (CRP) is delayed and then potentiated in the absence of Lyn, but only marginally reduced in the absence of Fyn or Fgr, and unaltered in the absence of Src. Compound deletions of Lyn/Src or Fyn/Lyn, but not of Fyn/Src or Fgr/Lyn, exhibit a greater delay in activation relative to Lyn-deficient platelets. Fibrinogen-adherent platelets show reduced spreading in the absence of Src, potentiation in the absence of Lyn, but no change in the absence of Fyn or Fgr. In mice double-deficient in Lyn/Src or Fgr/Lyn, the inhibitory role of Lyn on spreading on fibrinogen is lost. Lyn is the major SFK-mediating platelet aggregation on collagen at arterial shear and its absence leads to a reduction in thrombus size in a laser injury model. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that SFKs share individual and overlapping roles in regulating platelet activation, with Lyn having a dual role in regulating GPVI signaling and an inhibitory role downstream of αIIbβ3, which requires prior signaling through Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Séverin
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Jones CI, Moraes LA, Gibbins JM. Regulation of platelet biology by platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1. Platelets 2011; 23:331-5. [PMID: 22035359 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2011.626091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif containing receptor, plays diverse and apparently contradictory roles in regulating the response of platelets to stimuli; inhibiting platelet response to immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif and G protein-coupled receptor signalling following stimulation with collagen, adenosine diphosphate, and thrombin, as well as enhancing integrin outside-in signalling. These dual, and opposing, roles suggest an important and complex role for PECAM-1 in orchestrating platelet response to vascular damage. Indeed, during thrombus formation, the influence of PECAM-1 on the multiple signalling pathways combines leading to a relatively large inhibitory effect on thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris I Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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