1
|
Hayati RF, Nakajima R, Zhou Y, Shirasawa M, Zhao L, Fikriyanti M, Iwanaga R, Bradford AP, Kurayoshi K, Araki K, Ohtani K. Trans-Activation of the Coactivator-Associated Arginine Methyltransferase 1 ( Carm1) Gene by the Oncogene Product Tax of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:698. [PMID: 38927636 PMCID: PMC11202806 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The oncogene product Tax of HTLV-I is thought to play crucial roles in leukemogenesis by promoting proliferation of the virus-infected cells through activation of growth-promoting genes. These genes code for growth factors and their receptors, cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, growth signal transducers, transcription factors and cell cycle regulators. We show here that Tax activates the gene coding for coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), which epigenetically enhances gene expression through methylation of histones. Tax activated the Carm1 gene and increased protein expression, not only in human T-cell lines but also in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PHA-PBLs). Tax increased R17-methylated histone H3 on the target gene IL-2Rα, concomitant with increased expression of CARM1. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of CARM1 decreased Tax-mediated induction of IL-2Rα and Cyclin D2 gene expression, reduced E2F activation and inhibited cell cycle progression. Tax acted via response elements in intron 1 of the Carm1 gene, through the NF-κB pathway. These results suggest that Tax-mediated activation of the Carm1 gene contributes to leukemogenic target-gene expression and cell cycle progression, identifying the first epigenetic target gene for Tax-mediated trans-activation in cell growth promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahma F. Hayati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan; (R.F.H.); (R.N.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (L.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Rinka Nakajima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan; (R.F.H.); (R.N.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (L.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Yaxuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan; (R.F.H.); (R.N.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (L.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Mashiro Shirasawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan; (R.F.H.); (R.N.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (L.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan; (R.F.H.); (R.N.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (L.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Mariana Fikriyanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan; (R.F.H.); (R.N.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (L.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Ritsuko Iwanaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.I.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Andrew P. Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.I.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Kenta Kurayoshi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Keigo Araki
- Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido Tomitamachi, Koriyama 963-8611, Fukushima, Japan;
| | - Kiyoshi Ohtani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan; (R.F.H.); (R.N.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (L.Z.); (M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeyn Y, Harms G, Tubbe I, Montermann E, Röhrig N, Hartmann M, Grabbe S, Bros M. Inhibitors of the Actin-Bundling Protein Fascin-1 Developed for Tumor Therapy Attenuate the T-Cell Stimulatory Properties of Dendritic Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112738. [PMID: 35681718 PMCID: PMC9179534 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Expression of the actin-bundling protein Fascin-1 (Fscn1) is largely restricted to neuronal cells and to activated dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are important inducers of (antitumor) immune responses. In tumor cells, de novo expression of Fscn-1 correlates with their invasive and metastatic activities. Pharmacological Fscn1 inhibitors, which are currently under clinical trials for tumor therapy, were demonstrated to counteract tumor metastasis. Within this study, we were interested in better understanding the effects of Fscn1 inhibitors on DCs and discovered that two distinct Fascin-1 inhibitors affect the immune-phenotype and T-cell stimulatory activity of DCs. Our results suggest that systemic application of Fscn1 inhibitors for tumor therapy may also modulate antitumor immune responses. Abstract Background: Stimulated dendritic cells (DCs), which constitute the most potent population of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), express the actin-bundling protein Fascin-1 (Fscn1). In tumor cells, de novo expression of Fscn1 correlates with their invasive and metastatic properties. Therefore, Fscn1 inhibitors have been developed to serve as antitumor agents. In this study, we were interested in better understanding the impact of Fscn1 inhibitors on DCs. Methods: In parallel settings, murine spleen cells and bone-marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in the presence of Fscn1 inhibitors (NP-G2-044 and BDP-13176). An analysis of surface expression of costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors, as well as cytokine production, was performed by flow cytometry. Cytoskeletal alterations were assessed by confocal microscopy. The effects on the interactions of BMDCs with antigen-specific T cells were monitored by time lapse microscopy. The T-cell stimulatory and polarizing capacity of BMDCs were measured in proliferation assays and cytokine studies. Results: Administration of Fscn1 inhibitors diminished Fscn1 expression and the formation of dendritic processes by stimulated BMDCs and elevated CD273 (PD-L2) expression. Fscn1 inhibition attenuated the interaction of DCs with antigen-specific T cells and concomitant T-cell proliferation. Conclusions: Systemic administration of Fscn1 inhibitors for tumor therapy may also modulate DC-induced antitumor immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanira Zeyn
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Gregory Harms
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Departments of Biology and Physics, Wilkes University, 84 W. South St., Wilkes Barre, PA 18766, USA
| | - Ingrid Tubbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Evelyn Montermann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Nadine Röhrig
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Maike Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-9846
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heym S, Mohr CF, Engelbrecht HC, Fleckenstein B, Thoma-Kress AK. Alternative NF-κB Signaling Discriminates Induction of the Tumor Marker Fascin by the Viral Oncoproteins Tax-1 and Tax-2 of Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030537. [PMID: 35158803 PMCID: PMC8833421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of the actin-bundling protein and tumor marker Fascin is highly diverse depending on cell and tumor type. Previously, we discovered that the viral oncoprotein Tax-1 of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) considerably enhances Fascin expression in T-cells, depending on classical NF-κB signaling. In this study, we asked if the non-oncogenic Tax-2 of the related HTLV-2 is still able to induce Fascin by using luciferase assays, immunoblot, and qPCR. We found that Tax-2 only slightly induces Fascin expression compared to Tax-1; however, both Tax-1 and Tax-2 comparably activated a 1.6 kb fragment in the human Fascin promoter including Tax-responsive elements. Furthermore, we identified a link between Tax-induced activity of the alternative NF-κB pathway and Fascin induction. While treatment with the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC)-mimetic AZD5582, a compound known to robustly activate alternative NF-κB signaling, did not induce Fascin, combination of AZD5582 with activation of classical NF-κB signaling by Tax-2 significantly induced Fascin expression. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that both classical and alternative NF-κB activity are necessary for strong Fascin induction by the viral Tax oncoproteins, thus, shedding new light on the regulation of Fascin in T-cells and during viral transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Heym
- FAU-Nachwuchsgruppe “Retroviral Pathogenesis” and BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research “Milk-Transmission of Viruses”, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (H.C.E.)
| | - Caroline F. Mohr
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Hanna C. Engelbrecht
- FAU-Nachwuchsgruppe “Retroviral Pathogenesis” and BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research “Milk-Transmission of Viruses”, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (H.C.E.)
| | - Bernhard Fleckenstein
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Andrea K. Thoma-Kress
- FAU-Nachwuchsgruppe “Retroviral Pathogenesis” and BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research “Milk-Transmission of Viruses”, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (H.C.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-43662
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li CH, Chan MH, Liang SM, Chang YC, Hsiao M. Fascin-1: Updated biological functions and therapeutic implications in cancer biology. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100052. [PMID: 37082587 PMCID: PMC10074911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are cellular protrusions that respond to a variety of stimuli. Filopodia are formed when actin is bound to the protein Fascin, which may play a crucial role in cellular interactions and motility during cancer metastasis. Significantly, the noncanonical features of Fascin-1 are gradually being clarified, including the related molecular network contributing to metabolic reprogramming, chemotherapy resistance, stemness ac-tivity, and tumor microenvironment events. However, the relationship between biological characteristics and pathological features to identify effective therapeutic strategies needs to be studied further. The pur-pose of this review article is to provide a broad overview of the latest molecular networks and multiomics research regarding fascins and cancer. It also highlights their direct and indirect effects on available cancer treatments. With this multidisciplinary approach, researchers and clinicians can gain the most relevant in-formation on the function of fascins in cancer progression, which may facilitate clinical applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shu-Mei Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gupta I, Vranic S, Al-Thawadi H, Al Moustafa AE. Fascin in Gynecological Cancers: An Update of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225760. [PMID: 34830909 PMCID: PMC8616296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fascin, an actin-binding protein, is upregulated in different types of human cancers. It is reportedly responsible for increasing the invasive and metastatic ability of cancer cells by reducing cell–cell adhesions. This review provides a brief overview of fascin and its interactions with other genes and oncoviruses to induce the onset and progression of cancer. Abstract Fascin is an actin-binding protein that is encoded by the FSCN1 gene (located on chromosome 7). It triggers membrane projections and stimulates cell motility in cancer cells. Fascin overexpression has been described in different types of human cancers in which its expression correlated with tumor growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, overexpression of fascin was found in oncovirus-infected cells, such as human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), disrupting the cell–cell adhesion and enhancing cancer progression. Based on these findings, several studies reported fascin as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target in various cancers. This review provides a brief overview of the FSCN1 role in various cancers with emphasis on gynecological malignancies. We also discuss fascin interactions with other genes and oncoviruses through which it might induce cancer development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (I.G.); (S.V.); (H.A.-T.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Semir Vranic
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (I.G.); (S.V.); (H.A.-T.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hamda Al-Thawadi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (I.G.); (S.V.); (H.A.-T.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (I.G.); (S.V.); (H.A.-T.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4403-7817
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Biographical Feature: Bernhard Fleckenstein. J Virol 2021; 95:e0089621. [PMID: 34191579 PMCID: PMC8354219 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00896-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
7
|
Donhauser N, Socher E, Millen S, Heym S, Sticht H, Thoma-Kress AK. Transfer of HTLV-1 p8 and Gag to target T-cells depends on VASP, a novel interaction partner of p8. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008879. [PMID: 32997728 PMCID: PMC7526893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) orf I-encoded accessory protein p8 is cleaved from its precursor p12, and both proteins contribute to viral persistence. p8 induces cellular protrusions, which are thought to facilitate transfer of p8 to target cells and virus transmission. Host factors interacting with p8 and mediating p8 transfer are unknown. Here, we report that vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), which promotes actin filament elongation, is a novel interaction partner of p8 and important for p8 and HTLV-1 Gag cell-to-cell transfer. VASP contains an Ena/VASP homology 1 (EVH1) domain that targets the protein to focal adhesions. Bioinformatics identified a short stretch in p8 (amino acids (aa) 24–45) which may mediate interactions with the EVH1 domain of VASP. Co-immunoprecipitations confirmed interactions of VASP:p8 in 293T, Jurkat and HTLV-1-infected MT-2 cells. Co-precipitation of VASP:p8 could be significantly blocked by peptides mimicking aa 26–37 of p8. Mutational studies revealed that the EVH1-domain of VASP is necessary, but not sufficient for the interaction with p8. Further, deletion of the VASP G- and F-actin binding domains significantly diminished co-precipitation of p8. Imaging identified areas of partial co-localization of VASP with p8 at the plasma membrane and in protrusive structures, which was confirmed by proximity ligation assays. Co-culture experiments revealed that p8 is transferred between Jurkat T-cells via VASP-containing conduits. Imaging and flow cytometry revealed that repression of both endogenous and overexpressed VASP by RNA interference or by CRISPR/Cas9 reduced p8 transfer to the cell surface and to target Jurkat T-cells. Stable repression of VASP by RNA interference in chronically infected MT-2 cells impaired both p8 and HTLV-1 Gag transfer to target Jurkat T-cells, while virus release was unaffected. Thus, we identified VASP as a novel interaction partner of p8, which is important for transfer of HTLV-1 p8 and Gag to target T-cells. The delta-retrovirus Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 encodes the accessory protein p8, which is generated by proteolytic cleavage from p12. Earlier work has shown that p8 enhances the formation of cellular conduits between T-cells, is transferred through these conduits to target T-cells and increases HTLV-1 transmission. It was suggested that p8 dampens T-cell responses in target T-cells, thus facilitating HTLV-1 infection. Our work sheds light on the mechanism of p8 transfer to target T-cells. We show that vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), a novel interaction partner of p8, contributes to transfer of p8 to target T-cells. Mechanistically, VASP is crucial for recruitment of p8 to the cell surface. Since VASP is known to promote elongation of actin filaments by preventing them from capping, interactions of p8 with VASP are an elegant strategy to exploit the host cell machinery for being transported to the cell surface, and as a consequence, to other cells. Given that VASP is also important for cell-to-cell transfer of the HTLV-1 Gag protein, our work proposes that VASP is a new cellular target to counteract HTLV-1 cell-to-cell transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Donhauser
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Millen
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heym
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea K. Thoma-Kress
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
A critical step in the life cycle of a virus is spread to a new target cell, which generally involves the release of new viral particles from the infected cell which can then initiate infection in the next target cell. While cell-free viral particles released into the extracellular environment are necessary for long distance spread, there are disadvantages to this mechanism. These include the presence of immune system components, the low success rate of infection by single particles, and the relative fragility of viral particles in the environment. Several mechanisms of direct cell-to-cell spread have been reported for animal viruses which would avoid the issues associated with cell-free particles. A number of viruses can utilize several different mechanisms of direct cell-to-cell spread, but our understanding of the differential usage by these pathogens is modest. Although the mechanisms of cell-to-cell spread differ among viruses, there is a common exploitation of key pathways and components of the cellular cytoskeleton. Remarkably, some of the viral mechanisms of cell-to-cell spread are surprisingly similar to those used by bacteria. Here we summarize the current knowledge of the conventional and non-conventional mechanisms of viral spread, the common methods used to detect viral spread, and the impact that these mechanisms can have on viral pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Cifuentes-Munoz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Farah El Najjar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rebecca Ellis Dutch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Millen S, Meretuk L, Göttlicher T, Schmitt S, Fleckenstein B, Thoma-Kress AK. A novel positive feedback-loop between the HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax and NF-κB activity in T-cells. Retrovirology 2020; 17:30. [PMID: 32912211 PMCID: PMC7488018 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects primarily CD4+ T-lymphocytes and evoques severe diseases, predominantly Adult T-Cell Leukemia/ Lymphoma (ATL/L) and HTLV-1-associated Myelopathy/ Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The viral transactivator of the pX region (Tax) is important for initiating malignant transformation, and deregulation of the major signaling pathway nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB) by Tax represents a hallmark of HTLV-1 driven cancer. Results Here we found that Tax mutants which are defective in NF-κB signaling showed diminished protein expression levels compared to Tax wildtype in T-cells, whereas Tax transcript levels were comparable. Strikingly, constant activation of NF-κB signaling by the constitutive active mutant of inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK2, IKK-β), IKK2-EE, rescued protein expression of the NF-κB defective Tax mutants M22 and K1-10R and even increased protein levels of Tax wildtype in various T-cell lines while Tax transcript levels were only slightly affected. Using several Tax expression constructs, an increase of Tax protein occurred independent of Tax transcripts and independent of the promoter used. Further, Tax and M22 protein expression were strongly enhanced by 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate [TPA; Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)]/ ionomycin, inducers of NF-κB and cytokine signaling, but not by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). On the other hand, co-expression of Tax with a dominant negative inhibitor of κB, IκBα-DN, or specific inhibition of IKK2 by the compound ACHP, led to a vast decrease in Tax protein levels to some extent independent of Tax transcripts in transiently transfected and Tax-transformed T-cells. Cycloheximide chase experiments revealed that co-expression of IKK2-EE prolongs the half-life of M22, and constant repression of NF-κB signaling by IκBα-DN strongly reduces protein stability of Tax wildtype suggesting that NF-κB activity is required for Tax protein stability. Finally, protein expression of Tax and M22 could be recovered by NH4Cl and PYR-41, inhibitors of the lysosome and the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, respectively. Conclusions Together, these findings suggest that Tax’s capability to induce NF-κB is critical for protein expression and stabilization of Tax itself. Overall, identification of this novel positive feedback loop between Tax and NF-κB in T-cells improves our understanding of Tax-driven transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Millen
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lina Meretuk
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Göttlicher
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schmitt
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Fleckenstein
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea K Thoma-Kress
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin S, Taylor MD, Singh PK, Yang S. How does fascin promote cancer metastasis? FEBS J 2020; 288:1434-1446. [PMID: 32657526 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fascin is an F-actin-bundling protein that cross-links individual actin filaments into straight and stiff bundles. Fascin overexpression in cancer is strongly associated with poor prognosis and metastatic progression across different cancer types. It is well established that fascin plays a causative role in promoting metastatic progression. We will review the recent progress in our understanding of mechanisms underlying fascin-mediated cancer metastasis. This review will cover the biochemical basis for fascin-bundling activity, the mechanisms by which cancer cells upregulate fascin expression and the mechanism underlying fascin-mediated cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastatic colonization. We propose that fascin has broad roles in both metastatic dissemination and metastatic colonization. Understanding these mechanisms will be crucial to the development of anti-metastasis therapeutics targeting fascin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Lin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- Department of Surgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rocamonde B, Carcone A, Mahieux R, Dutartre H. HTLV-1 infection of myeloid cells: from transmission to immune alterations. Retrovirology 2019; 16:45. [PMID: 31870397 PMCID: PMC6929313 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-019-0506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the demyelinating neuroinflammatory disease known as HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP), was the first human retrovirus to be discovered. T-cells, which represent the main reservoir for HTLV-1, have been the main focus of studies aimed at understanding viral transmission and disease progression. However, other cell types such as myeloid cells are also target of HTLV-1 infection and display functional alterations as a consequence. In this work, we review the current investigations that shed light on infection, transmission and functional alterations subsequent to HTLV-1 infection of the different myeloid cells types, and we highlight the lack of knowledge in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Rocamonde
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labelisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Auriane Carcone
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labelisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labelisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Equipe labelisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Millen S, Gross C, Donhauser N, Mann MC, Péloponèse JM, Thoma-Kress AK. Collagen IV (COL4A1, COL4A2), a Component of the Viral Biofilm, Is Induced by the HTLV-1 Oncoprotein Tax and Impacts Virus Transmission. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2439. [PMID: 31708905 PMCID: PMC6819499 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent for Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 infects CD4+ T-cells via cell-to-cell transmission requiring reorganization of the cytoskeleton and expression of the viral transactivator and oncoprotein Tax. Viruses spread at the virological synapse (VS), a virus-induced specialized cell-cell contact, by polarized budding into synaptic clefts, and by cell surface transfer of viral biofilms (VBs). Since little is known about Tax’s role in formation of the VB, we asked which component of the VB is regulated by Tax and important for HTLV-1 transmission. Collagens are not only structural proteins of the extracellular matrix and basal membrane but also represent an important component of the VB. Here, we report that among the collagens known to be present in VBs, COL4 is specifically upregulated in the presence of HTLV-1 infection. Further, we found that transient expression of Tax is sufficient to induce COL4A1 and COL4A2 transcripts in Jurkat and CCRF-CEM T-cells, while robust induction of COL4 protein requires continuous Tax expression as shown in Tax-transformed T-cell lines. Repression of Tax led to a significant reduction of COL4A1/A2 transcripts and COL4 protein. Mechanistically, luciferase-based promoter studies indicate that Tax activates the COL4A2 and, to a less extent, the COL4A1 promoter. Imaging showing partial co-localization of COL4 with the viral Gag protein in VBs at the VS and transfer of COL4 and Gag to target cells suggests a role of COL4 in VB formation. Strikingly, in chronically infected C91-PL cells, knockout of COL4A2 impaired Gag transfer between infected T-cells and acceptor T-cells, while release of virus-like particles was unaffected. Taken together, we identified COL4 (COL4A1, COL4A2) as a component of the VB and a novel cellular target of Tax with COL4A2 appearing to impact virus transmission. Thus, this study is the first to provide a link between Tax’s activity and VB formation by hijacking COL4 protein functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Millen
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Gross
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Donhauser
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie C Mann
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Péloponèse
- IRIM-UMR 9004, Research Institute in Infectiology of Montpellier, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea K Thoma-Kress
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clinical significance of the TNF-α receptors, TNFRSF2 and TNFRSF9, on cell migration molecules Fascin-1 and Versican in acute leukemia. Cytokine 2018; 111:523-529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Teruel É, Rizkallah G, Journo C, Dutartre H. [The actin cytoskeleton goes retroviral]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:839-842. [PMID: 28994374 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173310009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Élodie Teruel
- Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, équipe oncogenèse rétrovirale, Inserm U1111 - université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École normale supérieure de Lyon, université de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, F-69007, Lyon, France ; équipe labellisée « Ligue nationale contre le cancer »
| | - Gerges Rizkallah
- Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, équipe oncogenèse rétrovirale, Inserm U1111 - université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École normale supérieure de Lyon, université de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, F-69007, Lyon, France ; équipe labellisée « Ligue nationale contre le cancer »
| | - Chloé Journo
- Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, équipe oncogenèse rétrovirale, Inserm U1111 - université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École normale supérieure de Lyon, université de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, F-69007, Lyon, France ; équipe labellisée « Ligue nationale contre le cancer »
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, équipe oncogenèse rétrovirale, Inserm U1111 - université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École normale supérieure de Lyon, université de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, F-69007, Lyon, France ; équipe labellisée « Ligue nationale contre le cancer »
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Tax-Inducible Actin-Bundling Protein Fascin Is Crucial for Release and Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1). PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005916. [PMID: 27776189 PMCID: PMC5077169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The delta-retrovirus Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) preferentially infects CD4+ T-cells via cell-to-cell transmission. Viruses are transmitted by polarized budding and by transfer of viral biofilms at the virological synapse (VS). Formation of the VS requires the viral Tax protein and polarization of the host cytoskeleton, however, molecular mechanisms of HTLV-1 cell-to-cell transmission remain incompletely understood. Recently, we could show Tax-dependent upregulation of the actin-bundling protein Fascin (FSCN-1) in HTLV-1-infected T-cells. Here, we report that Fascin contributes to HTLV-1 transmission. Using single-cycle replication-dependent HTLV-1 reporter vectors, we found that repression of endogenous Fascin by short hairpin RNAs and by Fascin-specific nanobodies impaired gag p19 release and cell-to-cell transmission in 293T cells. In Jurkat T-cells, Tax-induced Fascin expression enhanced virus release and Fascin-dependently augmented cell-to-cell transmission to Raji/CD4+ B-cells. Repression of Fascin in HTLV-1-infected T-cells diminished virus release and gag p19 transfer to co-cultured T-cells. Spotting the mechanism, flow cytometry and automatic image analysis showed that Tax-induced T-cell conjugate formation occurred Fascin-independently. However, adhesion of HTLV-1-infected MT-2 cells in co-culture with Jurkat T-cells was reduced upon knockdown of Fascin, suggesting that Fascin contributes to dissemination of infected T-cells. Imaging of chronically infected MS-9 T-cells in co-culture with Jurkat T-cells revealed that Fascin’s localization at tight cell-cell contacts is accompanied by gag polarization suggesting that Fascin directly affects the distribution of gag to budding sites, and therefore, indirectly viral transmission. In detail, we found gag clusters that are interspersed with Fascin clusters, suggesting that Fascin makes room for gag in viral biofilms. Moreover, we observed short, Fascin-containing membrane extensions surrounding gag clusters and clutching uninfected T-cells. Finally, we detected Fascin and gag in long-distance cellular protrusions. Taken together, we show for the first time that HTLV-1 usurps the host cell factor Fascin to foster virus release and cell-to-cell transmission. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the only human retrovirus causing cancer and is transmitted via breast feeding, sexual intercourse, and cell-containing blood products. Efficient infection of CD4+ T-cells occurs via polarized budding of virions or via cell surface transfer of viral biofilms at a tight, specialized cell-cell contact, the virological synapse (VS). The viral protein Tax and polarization of the host cell cytoskeleton are crucial for formation of the VS, however, only little is known about the link between Tax and remodeling of the cytoskeleton to foster viral spread. The actin-bundling protein Fascin has evolved as a therapeutic target in several types of cancer. Here, we show that Fascin is also crucial for release and transmission of the tumorvirus HTLV-1. Since Fascin is a transcriptional target gene of Tax in T-cells, our work provides a link between Tax’s activity and virus transmission. Visualization of cell-cell contacts between infected and uninfected T-cells suggests a role of Fascin in viral transmission potentially by facilitating the transport of viral proteins to budding sites. Thus, Fascin is not only crucial for metastasis of tumors, but also for transmission of HTLV-1 and is a new cellular target to counteract HTLV-1.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sui X, Zhu J, Tang H, Wang C, Zhou J, Han W, Wang X, Fang Y, Xu Y, Li D, Chen R, Ma J, Jing Z, Gu X, Pan H, He C. p53 controls colorectal cancer cell invasion by inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated activation of Fascin. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22869-79. [PMID: 26362504 PMCID: PMC4673205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 mutation is known to contribute to cancer progression. Fascin is an actin-bundling protein and has been recently identified to promote cancer cell migration and invasion through its role in formation of cellular protrusions such as filopodia and invadopodia. However, the relationship between p53 and Fascin is not understood. Here, we have found a new link between them. In colorectal adenocarcinomas, p53 mutation correlated with high NF-κB, Fascin and low E-cadherin expression. Moreover, this expression profile was shown to contribute to poor overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Wild-type p53 could inhibit NF-κB activity that repressed the expression of Fascin and cancer cell invasiveness. In contrast, in p53-deficient primary cultured cells, NF-κB activity was enhanced and then activation of NF-κB increased the expression of Fascin. In further analysis, we showed that NF-κB was a key determinant for p53 deletion-stimulated Fascin expression. Inhibition of NF-κB /p65 expression by pharmacological compound or p65 siRNA suppressed Fascin activity in p53-deficient cells. Moreover, restoration of p53 expression decreased the activation of Fascin through suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that a negative-feedback loop exists, whereby p53 can suppress colorectal cancer cell invasion by inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated activation of Fascin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haimei Tang
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nankai Hospital, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Jing
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xidong Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao He
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Molecular Mechanisms of HTLV-1 Cell-to-Cell Transmission. Viruses 2016; 8:74. [PMID: 27005656 PMCID: PMC4810264 DOI: 10.3390/v8030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumorvirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a member of the delta-retrovirus family, is transmitted via cell-containing body fluids such as blood products, semen, and breast milk. In vivo, HTLV-1 preferentially infects CD4⁺ T-cells, and to a lesser extent, CD8⁺ T-cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes. Efficient infection of CD4⁺ T-cells requires cell-cell contacts while cell-free virus transmission is inefficient. Two types of cell-cell contacts have been described to be critical for HTLV-1 transmission, tight junctions and cellular conduits. Further, two non-exclusive mechanisms of virus transmission at cell-cell contacts have been proposed: (1) polarized budding of HTLV-1 into synaptic clefts; and (2) cell surface transfer of viral biofilms at virological synapses. In contrast to CD4⁺ T-cells, dendritic cells can be infected cell-free and, to a greater extent, via viral biofilms in vitro. Cell-to-cell transmission of HTLV-1 requires a coordinated action of steps in the virus infectious cycle with events in the cell-cell adhesion process; therefore, virus propagation from cell-to-cell depends on specific interactions between cellular and viral proteins. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of HTLV-1 transmission with a focus on the HTLV-1-encoded proteins Tax and p8, their impact on host cell factors mediating cell-cell contacts, cytoskeletal remodeling, and thus, virus propagation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mohr CF, Gross C, Bros M, Reske-Kunz AB, Biesinger B, Thoma-Kress AK. Regulation of the tumor marker Fascin by the viral oncoprotein Tax of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) depends on promoter activation and on a promoter-independent mechanism. Virology 2015; 485:481-91. [PMID: 26363219 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is a highly infiltrative neoplasia of CD4(+) T-lymphocytes that occurs in about 5% of carriers infected with the deltaretrovirus human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The viral oncoprotein Tax perturbs cellular signaling pathways leading to upregulation of host cell factors, amongst them the actin-bundling protein Fascin, an invasion marker of several types of cancer. However, transcriptional regulation of Fascin by Tax is poorly understood. In this study, we identified a triple mode of transcriptional induction of Fascin by Tax, which requires (1) NF-κB-dependent promoter activation, (2) a Tax-responsive region in the Fascin promoter, and (3) a promoter-independent mechanism sensitive to the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2. Thus, Tax regulates Fascin by a multitude of signals. Beyond, using Tax-expressing and virus-transformed lymphocytes as a model system, our study is the first to identify the invasion marker Fascin as a novel target of PP2, an inhibitor of metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Mohr
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christine Gross
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Angelika B Reske-Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Brigitte Biesinger
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andrea K Thoma-Kress
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rizkallah G, Mahieux R, Dutartre H. [Intercellular transmission of HTLV-1: not all mechanisms have been revealed]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:629-37. [PMID: 26152167 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153106016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and of HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). It is mainly detected in CD4+ lymphocytes in vivo, but proviral genomes have also been detected although less frequently, in CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and other non-lymphoid cells. Virus spread is highly dependent on cell-cell contact. This mode of transmission is correlated with an increased ability of infected cells to migrate, a property linked to cytoskeleton reorganization induced by the viral Tax protein. Cell-to-cell transmission relies on at least three non-exclusive molecular pathways. First, a specialized area, the "virological synapse'' (VS) promotes direct transmission of budding HTLV-1 particles into a synaptic cleft formed between infected and uninfected cells. Second, HTLV-1 particles accumulate at the plasma membrane of infected cells in a biofilm-like extracellular viral assembly that resembles a bacterial biofilm. Viral biofilm is rapidly transmitted to uninfected cells when infected cells contact target cells. Finally, membrane extensions called inter-cellular conduits facilitate HTLV-1 proteins transfer from infected to uninfected target cells, and may stabilize cell-cell contacts. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular mechanisms of these HTLV-1 transmission pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerges Rizkallah
- Équipe oncogenèse rétrovirale ; équipe labellisée Ligue nationale contre le cancer ; centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Inserm U1111-CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France - École normale supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France - Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, 69364, France
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- Équipe oncogenèse rétrovirale ; équipe labellisée Ligue nationale contre le cancer ; centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Inserm U1111-CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France - École normale supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France - Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, 69364, France
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- Équipe oncogenèse rétrovirale ; équipe labellisée Ligue nationale contre le cancer ; centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Inserm U1111-CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France - École normale supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France - Université Lyon 1, Lyon Cedex 07, 69364, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The transcription elongation factor ELL2 is specifically upregulated in HTLV-1-infected T-cells and is dependent on the viral oncoprotein Tax. Virology 2014; 464-465:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
21
|
Mohr CF, Kalmer M, Gross C, Mann MC, Sterz KR, Kieser A, Fleckenstein B, Kress AK. The tumor marker Fascin is induced by the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded oncoprotein LMP1 via NF-κB in lymphocytes and contributes to their invasive migration. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:46. [PMID: 25105941 PMCID: PMC4222691 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The actin-bundling protein Fascin (FSCN1) is a tumor marker that is highly expressed in numerous types of cancer including lymphomas and is important for migration and metastasis of tumor cells. Fascin has also been detected in B lymphocytes that are freshly-infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), however, both the inducers and the mechanisms of Fascin upregulation are still unclear. Results Here we show that the EBV-encoded oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), a potent regulator of cellular signaling and transformation, is sufficient to induce both Fascin mRNA and protein in lymphocytes. Fascin expression is mainly regulated by LMP1 via the C-terminal activation region 2 (CTAR2). Block of canonical NF-κB signaling using a chemical inhibitor of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) or cotransfection of a dominant-negative inhibitor of IκBα (NFKBIA) reduced not only expression of p100, a classical target of the canonical NF-κB-pathway, but also LMP1-induced Fascin expression. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of IKKβ reduced both Fascin mRNA and protein levels in EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines, indicating that canonical NF-κB signaling is required for LMP1-mediated regulation of Fascin both in transfected and transformed lymphocytes. Beyond that, chemical inhibition of IKKβ significantly reduced invasive migration of EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells through extracellular matrix. Transient transfection experiments revealed that Fascin contributed to LMP1-mediated enhancement of invasive migration through extracellular matrix. While LMP1 enhanced the number of invaded cells, functional knockdown of Fascin by two different small hairpin RNAs resulted in significant reduction of invaded, non-attached cells. Conclusions Thus, our data show that LMP1-mediated upregulation of Fascin depends on NF-κB and both NF-κB and Fascin contribute to invasive migration of LMP1-expressing lymphocytes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chevalier SA, Turpin J, Cachat A, Afonso PV, Gessain A, Brady JN, Pise-Masison CA, Mahieux R. Gem-induced cytoskeleton remodeling increases cellular migration of HTLV-1-infected cells, formation of infected-to-target T-cell conjugates and viral transmission. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003917. [PMID: 24586148 PMCID: PMC3937318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient HTLV-1 viral transmission occurs through cell-to-cell contacts. The Tax viral transcriptional activator protein facilitates this process. Using a comparative transcriptomic analysis, we recently identified a series of genes up-regulated in HTLV-1 Tax expressing T-lymphocytes. We focused our attention towards genes that are important for cytoskeleton dynamic and thus may possibly modulate cell-to-cell contacts. We first demonstrate that Gem, a member of the small GTP-binding proteins within the Ras superfamily, is expressed both at the RNA and protein levels in Tax-expressing cells and in HTLV-1-infected cell lines. Using a series of ChIP assays, we show that Tax recruits CREB and CREB Binding Protein (CBP) onto a c-AMP Responsive Element (CRE) present in the gem promoter. This CRE sequence is required to drive Tax-activated gem transcription. Since Gem is involved in cytoskeleton remodeling, we investigated its role in infected cells motility. We show that Gem co-localizes with F-actin and is involved both in T-cell spontaneous cell migration as well as chemotaxis in the presence of SDF-1/CXCL12. Importantly, gem knock-down in HTLV-1-infected cells decreases cell migration and conjugate formation. Finally, we demonstrate that Gem plays an important role in cell-to-cell viral transmission. HTLV-1 was the first human oncoretrovirus to be discovered. Five to ten million people are infected, and 1–6% will develop either Adult T-cell Leukemia, or Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM). HTLV-1 infects primarily T-cells, but dendritic cells were also found to carry proviruses. Contrary to HIV-1, cell-free HTLV-1 viral particles are poorly infectious. Thus, efficient viral transmission relies on formation of virological synapses or formation and transfer of viral biofilm-like structures. The Tax viral transactivator plays a key role in both modes of transmission. Using transcriptomic analyses, we recently identified cellular genes that are deregulated following Tax expression in T-cells. We focused our attention on genes that are important for cell architecture and are thus likely to modulate cell-to-cell contacts and motility. We found that Gem was highly upregulated both at the RNA and protein levels in Tax-expressing cells and HTLV-1-infected cell lines. We further show that Tax binds cellular co-activators and transcription factor and activates transcription from the gem promoter. We demonstrated that Gem is involved in cellular migration of HTLV-1-infected cells. Importantly, gem knockdown decreases the rate of HTLV-1-infected cell migration and cell-to-cell conjugate formation. We also show that Gem plays an important role in HTLV-1 transmission through cell-to-cell contacts, the most efficient mode of viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien A. Chevalier
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jocelyn Turpin
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Cachat
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe V. Afonso
- Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, CNRS UMR 3569, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, CNRS UMR 3569, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - John N. Brady
- Virus Tumor Biology Section, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Pise-Masison
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yao J, Qian CJ, Ye B, Zhao ZQ, Wei J, Liang Y, Zhang X. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling upregulates fascin via nuclear factor-κB in gastric cancer: Implications in cell invasion and migration. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:902-908. [PMID: 24527098 PMCID: PMC3919871 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin protein plays important roles in tumor metastasis and is prognostically relevant to human gastric cancer (GC). However, its role in the development and progression of GC has not been comprehensively investigated. In the present study, results revealed that upregulation of fascin by interleukin-6 promotes GC cell migration and invasion in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent manner in MKN45 cells. Furthermore, STAT3 directly regulated fascin expression and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) bound to the fascin promoter in a STAT3-dependent and Notch-independent manner. Therefore, results demonstrate that STAT3 and NF-κB are required for upregulation of fascin and for cell migration and invasion in MKN45 cells. Effects of the treatments on cell signaling were detected by qPCR, western blot analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed using in vitro scratch wound healing assay, transwell and Matrigel assays, and xenograft model. In addition, the STAT3-NF-κB-fascin signaling axis is identified as a therapeutic target for blocking GC cell invasion and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Juan Qian
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China ; Insitute of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Bei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhao
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun J, He H, Pillai S, Xiong Y, Challa S, Xu L, Chellappan S, Yang S. GATA3 transcription factor abrogates Smad4 transcription factor-mediated fascin overexpression, invadopodium formation, and breast cancer cell invasion. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36971-82. [PMID: 24235142 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a potent and context-dependent regulator of tumor progression. TGFβ promotes the lung metastasis of basal-like (but not the luminal-like) breast cancer. Here, we demonstrated that fascin, a pro-metastasis actin bundling protein, was a direct target of the canonical TGFβ-Smad4 signaling pathway in basal-like breast cancer cells. TGFβ and Smad4 induced fascin overexpression by directly binding to a Smad binding element on the fascin promoter. We identified GATA3, a transcription factor crucial for mammary gland morphogenesis and luminal differentiation, as a negative regulator of TGFβ- and Smad4-induced fascin overexpression. When ectopically expressed in basal-like breast cancer cells, GATA-3 abrogated TGFβ- and Smad4-mediated overexpression of fascin and other TGFβ response genes, invadopodium formation, cell migration, and invasion, suggesting suppression of the canonical TGFβ-Smad signaling axis. Mechanistically, GATA3 abrogated the canonical TGFβ-Smad signaling by abolishing interactions between Smad4 and its DNA binding elements, potentially through physical interactions between the N-terminal of GATA3 and Smad3/4 proteins. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into how TGFβ-mediated cell motility and invasiveness are differentially regulated in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang WC, Kuo CY, Tzang BS, Chen HM, Kao SH. IL-6 augmented motility of airway epithelial cell BEAS-2B via Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2013; 113:3567-75. [PMID: 22740511 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration plays a pivotal role in airway repair and remodeling involved in respiratory diseases such as asthma. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fascin-1 are involved in cell migration upon stimulation; however, the roles of IL-6 and fascin-1 in migration of airway epithelial cell remain sketchy. The present study was aimed to investigate influence of IL-6 on cell motility with emphasis on the association with fascin-1. Wound healing assay and transmigration assay were performed to examine effect of IL-6 on migration and invasiveness of human bronchial epithelial cell BEAS-2B. Level of mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (Q-PCR). Involvement of kinase and transcription factor signaling in IL-6-induced cell migration was investigated using immunoblot and specific inhibitors. IL-6 significantly augmented cell migration and invasiveness in parallel with elevated fascin-1 expression. Further investigation showed that IL-6 dose-dependently upregulated fascin-1 expression in both mRNA and protein levels. We showed that IL-6 activated Akt and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), highly associating with fascin-1 mRNA expression. Additionally, IL-6-induced migration was significantly diminished by phosphatidyl inositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (wortamannin) and β-catenin inhibitor FH535. Moreover, LiCl and SB216763, inhibitors of GSK-3β augmented cell migration as well as fascin-1 mRNA expression. Conclusively, these findings reveal that IL-6-induced migration of BEAS-2B cell may be attributed to activation of Akt, inhibition of GSK-3β, and the associated increase of β-catenin and fascin-1 expression, indicating an important role of Akt/GSK-3β signaling and β-catenin/fascin-1 in IL-6 associated airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Klein K, Maier T, Hirschfeld-Warneken VC, Spatz JP. Marker-free phenotyping of tumor cells by fractal analysis of reflection interference contrast microscopy images. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:5474-9. [PMID: 24079895 PMCID: PMC3831548 DOI: 10.1021/nl4030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenotyping of tumor cells by marker-free quantification is important for cancer diagnostics. For the first time, fractal analysis of reflection interference contrast microscopy images of single living cells was employed as a new method to distinguish between different nanoscopic membrane features of tumor cells. Since tumor progression correlates with a higher degree of chaos within the cell, it can be quantified mathematically by fractality. Our results show a high accuracy in identifying malignant cells with a failure chance of 3%, which is far better than today's applied methods.
Collapse
|
27
|
Louis-Dit-Sully C, Kubatzky KF, Lindquist JA, Blattner C, Janssen O, Schamel WWA. Meeting report: Signal transduction meets systems biology. Cell Commun Signal 2012; 10:11. [PMID: 22546078 PMCID: PMC3499392 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-10-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, systems-wide analyses of biological processes are getting more and more realistic. Especially for the in depth analysis of signal transduction pathways and networks, various approaches of systems biology are now successfully used. The EU FP7 large integrated project SYBILLA (Systems Biology of T-cell Activation in Health and Disease) coordinates such an endeavor. By using a combination of experimental data sets and computational modelling, the consortium strives for gaining a detailed and mechanistic understanding of signal transduction processes that govern T-cell activation. In order to foster the interaction between systems biologists and experimentally working groups, SYBILLA co-organized the 15th meeting “Signal Transduction: Receptors, Mediators and Genes” together with the Signal Transduction Society (STS). Thus, the annual STS conference, held from November 7 to 9, 2011 in Weimar, Germany, provided an interdisciplinary forum for research on signal transduction with a major focus on systems biology addressing signalling events in T-cells. Here we report on a selection of ongoing projects of SYBILLA and how they were discussed at this interdisciplinary conference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Louis-Dit-Sully
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics and Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chan JK, Greene WC. Dynamic roles for NF-κB in HTLV-I and HIV-1 retroviral pathogenesis. Immunol Rev 2012; 246:286-310. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Cell surface markers in HTLV-1 pathogenesis. Viruses 2011; 3:1439-59. [PMID: 21994790 PMCID: PMC3185802 DOI: 10.3390/v3081439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotype of HTLV-1-transformed CD4+ T lymphocytes largely depends on defined viral effector molecules such as the viral oncoprotein Tax. In this review, we exemplify the expression pattern of characteristic lineage markers, costimulatory receptors and ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, cytokine receptors, and adhesion molecules on HTLV-1-transformed cells. These molecules may provide survival signals for the transformed cells. Expression of characteristic surface markers might therefore contribute to persistence of HTLV-1-transformed lymphocytes and to the development of HTLV-1-associated disease.
Collapse
|