1
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Abdulla HD, Alserihi R, Flensburg C, Abeysekera W, Luo MX, Gray DH, Liu X, Smyth GK, Alexander WS, Majewski IJ, McCormack MP. Overexpression of Lmo2 initiates T-lymphoblastic leukemia via impaired thymocyte competition. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20212383. [PMID: 36920307 PMCID: PMC10037042 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell competition has recently emerged as an important tumor suppressor mechanism in the thymus that inhibits autonomous thymic maintenance. Here, we show that the oncogenic transcription factor Lmo2 causes autonomous thymic maintenance in transgenic mice by inhibiting early T cell differentiation. This autonomous thymic maintenance results in the development of self-renewing preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) and subsequent leukemogenesis, both of which are profoundly inhibited by restoration of thymic competition or expression of the antiapoptotic factor BCL2. Genomic analyses revealed the presence of Notch1 mutations in pre-LSCs before subsequent loss of tumor suppressors promotes the transition to overt leukemogenesis. These studies demonstrate a critical role for impaired cell competition in the development of pre-LSCs in a transgenic mouse model of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), implying that this process plays a role in the ontogeny of human T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham D. Abdulla
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Raed Alserihi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christoffer Flensburg
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Waruni Abeysekera
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Meng-Xiao Luo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Daniel H.D. Gray
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Warren S. Alexander
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ian J. Majewski
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Matthew P. McCormack
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- iCamuno Biotherapeutics, Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Catarino TA, Pacheco-Leyva I, Al-Dalali F, Ghezzo MN, Fernandes MT, Costa T, Dos Santos NR. Cdkn2a inactivation promotes malignant transformation of mouse immature thymocytes before the β-selection checkpoint. Exp Hematol 2022; 116:30-36. [PMID: 36240953 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Telmo A Catarino
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivette Pacheco-Leyva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Faiza Al-Dalali
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Telma Costa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno R Dos Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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3
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Rodrigues GOL, Cramer SD, Winer HY, Hixon JA, Li W, Yunes JA, Durum SK. Mutations that collaborate with IL-7Ra signaling pathways to drive ALL. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 80:100788. [PMID: 33578108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The IL-7 pathway is required for normal T cell development and survival. In recent years the pathway has been shown to be a major driver of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common cancer in children. Gain-of-function mutations in the alpha chain of the IL-7 receptor found in ALL patients clearly demonstrated that this pathway was a driver. However mutant IL-7R alone was insufficient to transform primary T cell progenitors, indicating that cooperating mutations were required. Here we review evidence for additional oncogenic mutations in the IL-7 pathway. We discuss several oncogenes, loss of tumor suppressor genes and epigenetic effects that can cooperate with mutant IL-7 receptor. These include NRas, HOXA, TLX3, Notch 1, Arf, PHF6, WT1, PRC, PTPN2 and CK2. As new therapeutics targeting the IL-7 pathway are developed, combination with agents directed to cooperating pathways offer hope for novel therapies for ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele O L Rodrigues
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Boldrini Children's Center, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sarah D Cramer
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA; Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hila Y Winer
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Hixon
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - WenQing Li
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - José Andres Yunes
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA.
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4
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Non-Canonical Functions of the ARF Tumor Suppressor in Development and Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010086. [PMID: 33445626 PMCID: PMC7827855 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P14ARF (ARF; Alternative Reading Frame) is an extensively characterized tumor suppressor which, in response to oncogenic stimuli, mediates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via p53-dependent and independent routes. ARF has been shown to be frequently lost through CpG island promoter methylation in a wide spectrum of human malignancies, such as colorectal, prostate, breast, and gastric cancers, while point mutations and deletions in the p14ARF locus have been linked with various forms of melanomas and glioblastomas. Although ARF has been mostly studied in the context of tumorigenesis, it has been also implicated in purely developmental processes, such as spermatogenesis, and mammary gland and ocular development, while it has been additionally involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, ARF has been found to hold important roles in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. As is often the case with tumor suppressors, ARF functions as a pleiotropic protein regulating a number of different mechanisms at the crossroad of development and tumorigenesis. Here, we provide an overview of the non-canonical functions of ARF in cancer and developmental biology, by dissecting the crosstalk of ARF signaling with key oncogenic and developmental pathways.
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5
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González-Gil C, Ribera J, Ribera JM, Genescà E. The Yin and Yang-Like Clinical Implications of the CDKN2A/ARF/CDKN2B Gene Cluster in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010079. [PMID: 33435487 PMCID: PMC7827355 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant clonal expansion of lymphoid hematopoietic precursors that exhibit developmental arrest at varying stages of differentiation. Similar to what occurs in solid cancers, transformation of normal hematopoietic precursors is governed by a multistep oncogenic process that drives initiation, clonal expansion and metastasis. In this process, alterations in genes encoding proteins that govern processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth provide us with some of the clearest mechanistic insights into how and why cancer arises. In such a scenario, deletions in the 9p21.3 cluster involving CDKN2A/ARF/CDKN2B genes arise as one of the oncogenic hallmarks of ALL. Deletions in this region are the most frequent structural alteration in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and account for roughly 30% of copy number alterations found in B-cell-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Here, we review the literature concerning the involvement of the CDKN2A/B genes as a prognosis marker of good or bad response in the two ALL subtypes (BCP-ALL and T-ALL). We compare frequencies observed in studies performed on several ALL cohorts (adult and child), which mainly consider genetic data produced by genomic techniques. We also summarize what we have learned from mouse models designed to evaluate the functional involvement of the gene cluster in ALL development and in relapse/resistance to treatment. Finally, we examine the range of possibilities for targeting the abnormal function of the protein-coding genes of this cluster and their potential to act as anti-leukemic agents in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia González-Gil
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (J.R.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Jordi Ribera
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (J.R.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Josep Maria Ribera
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (J.R.); (J.M.R.)
- Clinical Hematology Department, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia Genescà
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (J.R.); (J.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-557-28-08
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6
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García-Ramírez I, Bhatia S, Rodríguez-Hernández G, González-Herrero I, Walter C, González de Tena-Dávila S, Parvin S, Haas O, Woessmann W, Stanulla M, Schrappe M, Dugas M, Natkunam Y, Orfao A, Domínguez V, Pintado B, Blanco O, Alonso-López D, De Las Rivas J, Martín-Lorenzo A, Jiménez R, García Criado FJ, García Cenador MB, Lossos IS, Vicente-Dueñas C, Borkhardt A, Hauer J, Sánchez-García I. Lmo2 expression defines tumor cell identity during T-cell leukemogenesis. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798783. [PMID: 29880602 PMCID: PMC6043907 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of LMO2 expression on cell lineage decisions during T‐cell leukemogenesis remains largely elusive. Using genetic lineage tracing, we have explored the potential of LMO2 in dictating a T‐cell malignant phenotype. We first initiated LMO2 expression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and maintained its expression in all hematopoietic cells. These mice develop exclusively aggressive human‐like T‐ALL. In order to uncover a potential exclusive reprogramming effect of LMO2 in murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, we next showed that transient LMO2 expression is sufficient for oncogenic function and induction of T‐ALL. The resulting T‐ALLs lacked LMO2 and its target‐gene expression, and histologically, transcriptionally, and genetically similar to human LMO2‐driven T‐ALL. We next found that during T‐ALL development, secondary genomic alterations take place within the thymus. However, the permissiveness for development of T‐ALL seems to be associated with wider windows of differentiation than previously appreciated. Restricted Cre‐mediated activation of Lmo2 at different stages of B‐cell development induces systematically and unexpectedly T‐ALL that closely resembled those of their natural counterparts. Together, these results provide a novel paradigm for the generation of tumor T cells through reprogramming in vivo and could be relevant to improve the response of T‐ALL to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia García-Ramírez
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Guillermo Rodríguez-Hernández
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inés González-Herrero
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carolin Walter
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sara González de Tena-Dávila
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Salma Parvin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Oskar Haas
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Woessmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Schrappe
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Yasodha Natkunam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Belén Pintado
- Transgenesis Facility CNB-CBMSO, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Blanco
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Diego Alonso-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Cancer Research Center (CSIC-USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group, Cancer Research Center (CSIC-USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Martín-Lorenzo
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Jiménez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Edificio Departamental, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier García Criado
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Begoña García Cenador
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Izidore S Lossos
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Isidro Sánchez-García
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain .,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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7
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de Bock CE, Demeyer S, Degryse S, Verbeke D, Sweron B, Gielen O, Vandepoel R, Vicente C, Vanden Bempt M, Dagklis A, Geerdens E, Bornschein S, Gijsbers R, Soulier J, Meijerink JP, Heinäniemi M, Teppo S, Bouvy-Liivrand M, Lohi O, Radaelli E, Cools J. HOXA9 Cooperates with Activated JAK/STAT Signaling to Drive Leukemia Development. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:616-631. [PMID: 29496663 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is caused by the accumulation of multiple genomic lesions in hematopoietic precursor cells. However, how these events cooperate during oncogenic transformation remains poorly understood. We studied the cooperation between activated JAK3/STAT5 signaling and HOXA9 overexpression, two events identified as significantly co-occurring in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Expression of mutant JAK3 and HOXA9 led to a rapid development of leukemia originating from multipotent or lymphoid-committed progenitors, with a significant decrease in disease latency compared with JAK3 or HOXA9 alone. Integrated RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) revealed that STAT5 and HOXA9 have co-occupancy across the genome, resulting in enhanced STAT5 transcriptional activity and ectopic activation of FOS/JUN (AP1). Our data suggest that oncogenic transcription factors such as HOXA9 provide a fertile ground for specific signaling pathways to thrive, explaining why JAK/STAT pathway mutations accumulate in HOXA9-expressing cells.Significance: The mechanism of oncogene cooperation in cancer development remains poorly characterized. In this study, we model the cooperation between activated JAK/STAT signaling and ectopic HOXA9 expression during T-cell leukemia development. We identify a direct cooperation between STAT5 and HOXA9 at the transcriptional level and identify PIM1 kinase as a possible drug target in mutant JAK/STAT/HOXA9-positive leukemia cases. Cancer Discov; 8(5); 616-31. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E de Bock
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Demeyer
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Degryse
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Delphine Verbeke
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Sweron
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Gielen
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roel Vandepoel
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Vicente
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Vanden Bempt
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonis Dagklis
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Geerdens
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Bornschein
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean Soulier
- U944 INSERM and Hematology Laboratory, St-Louis Hospital, APHP, Hematology University Institute, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jules P Meijerink
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susanna Teppo
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Bouvy-Liivrand
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Lohi
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Cools
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium. .,VIB, Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Abstract
The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a well-established, invaluable model system for the study of human cancers. The genetic pathways that drive oncogenesis are highly conserved between zebrafish and humans, and multiple unique attributes of the zebrafish make it a tractable tool for analyzing the underlying cellular processes that give rise to human disease. In particular, the high conservation between human and zebrafish hematopoiesis (Jing & Zon, 2011) has stimulated the development of zebrafish models for human hematopoietic malignancies to elucidate molecular pathogenesis and to expedite the preclinical investigation of novel therapies. While T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the first transgenic cancer model in zebrafish (Langenau et al., 2003), a wide spectrum of zebrafish models of human hematopoietic malignancies has been established since 2003, largely through transgenesis and genome-editing approaches. This chapter presents key examples that validate the zebrafish as an indispensable model system for the study of hematopoietic malignancies and highlights new models that demonstrate recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S He
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - C-B Jing
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A T Look
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Evaluating the Safety of Retroviral Vectors Based on Insertional Oncogene Activation and Blocked Differentiation in Cultured Thymocytes. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1090-1099. [PMID: 26957223 PMCID: PMC4923324 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insertional oncogenesis due to retroviral (RV) vector integration has caused recurrent leukemia in multiple gene therapy trials, predominantly due to vector integration effects at the LMO2 locus. While currently available preclinical safety models have been used for evaluating vector safety, none have predicted or reproduced the recurrent LMO2 integrations seen in previous X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) and Wiskott–Aldrich clinical gene therapy trials. We now describe a new assay for assessing vector safety that recapitulates naturally occurring insertions into Lmo2 and other T-cell proto-oncogenes leading to a preleukemic developmental arrest in primary murine thymocytes cultured in vitro. This assay was used to compare the relative oncogenic potential of a variety of gamma-RV and lentiviral vectors and to assess the risk conferred by various transcriptional elements contained in these genomes. Gamma-RV vectors that contained full viral long-terminal repeats were most prone to causing double negative 2 (DN2) arrest and led to repeated cases of Lmo2 pathway activation, while lentiviral vectors containing these same elements were significantly less prone to activate proto-oncogenes or cause DN2 arrest. This work provides a new preclinical assay that is especially relevant for assessing safety in SCID disorders and provides a new tool for designing safer RV vectors.
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10
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Abstract
Oncogenic transcription factors are commonly activated in acute leukemias and subvert normal gene expression networks to reprogram hematopoietic progenitors into preleukemic stem cells, as exemplified by LIM-only 2 (LMO2) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Whether or not these oncoproteins interfere with other DNA-dependent processes is largely unexplored. Here, we show that LMO2 is recruited to DNA replication origins by interaction with three essential replication enzymes: DNA polymerase delta (POLD1), DNA primase (PRIM1), and minichromosome 6 (MCM6). Furthermore, tethering LMO2 to synthetic DNA sequences is sufficient to transform these sequences into origins of replication. We next addressed the importance of LMO2 in erythroid and thymocyte development, two lineages in which cell cycle and differentiation are tightly coordinated. Lowering LMO2 levels in erythroid progenitors delays G1-S progression and arrests erythropoietin-dependent cell growth while favoring terminal differentiation. Conversely, ectopic expression in thymocytes induces DNA replication and drives these cells into cell cycle, causing differentiation blockade. Our results define a novel role for LMO2 in directly promoting DNA synthesis and G1-S progression.
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11
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Roncero AM, López-Nieva P, Cobos-Fernández MA, Villa-Morales M, González-Sánchez L, López-Lorenzo JL, Llamas P, Ayuso C, Rodríguez-Pinilla SM, Arriba MC, Piris MA, Fernández-Navarro P, Fernández AF, Fraga MF, Santos J, Fernández-Piqueras J. Contribution of JAK2 mutations to T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma development. Leukemia 2015. [PMID: 26216197 PMCID: PMC4705429 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The JAK-STAT pathway has a substantial role in lymphoid precursor cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Nonetheless, the contribution of JAK2 to T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) development remains poorly understood. We have identified one activating TEL-JAK2 translocation and four missense mutations accumulated in 2 out of 16 T-LBL samples. Two of them are novel JAK2 mutations and the other two are reported for the first time in T-LBL. Notably, R683G and I682T might have arisen owing to RNA editing. Mutated samples showed different mutated transcripts suggesting sub-clonal heterogeneity. Functional approaches revealed that two JAK2 mutations (H574R and R683G) constitutively activate JAK-STAT signaling in γ2A cells and can drive the proliferation of BaF3-EpoR cytokine-dependent cell line. In addition, aberrant hypermethylation of SOCS3 might contribute to enhance the activation of JAK-STAT signaling. Of utmost interest is that primary T-LBL samples harboring JAK2 mutations exhibited increased expression of LMO2, suggesting a mechanistic link between JAK2 mutations and the expression of LMO2, which was confirmed for the four missense mutations in transfected γ2A cells. We therefore propose that active JAK2 contribute to T-LBL development by two different mechanisms, and that the use of pan-JAK inhibitors in combination with epigenetic drugs should be considered in future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Roncero
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - P López-Nieva
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Cobos-Fernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Villa-Morales
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - L González-Sánchez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - P Llamas
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Ayuso
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - M C Arriba
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Piris
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Fundación IFIMAV, Santander, Spain
| | - P Fernández-Navarro
- Unidad de Epidemiología Ambiental y Cáncer, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IIS Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - A F Fernández
- Unidad de Epigenética del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA-CSIC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M F Fraga
- Unidad de Epigenética del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA-CSIC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Santos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - J Fernández-Piqueras
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
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12
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Liu R, Li W, Wu C. A functional polymorphism in the pre‑miR‑146a gene influences the prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme by interfering with the balance between Notch1 and Notch2. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5475-81. [PMID: 26165719 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between a polymorphism (rs2910164) in the microRNA (miR)‑146a precursor and the prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), as well as to examine the possible underlying mechanism in a Chinese population. A total of 380 patients with histologically confirmed GBM were recruited between 2008 and 2012, and were genotyped for the rs2910164 polymorphism using Sanger sequencing. The Kaplan‑Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS), and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of miR‑146a polymorphisms on OS. It was identified that the rs2910164 CC genotype was significantly associated with a decreased OS among the patients with GBM (P=0.002). It was confirmed that Notch1 and Notch2 were targets of miR‑146a and it was demonstrated that the introduction of miR‑146a mimic suppressed the levels of Notch1 and Notch2 to different extents, resulting in a reduced Notch1/Notch2 ratio with an increase in miR‑146a mimic concentration in U251 cells. Additionally, resected tumor specimens were collected from 138 GBM patients and the expression levels of miR‑146a, Notch1 and Notch2 were examined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Consistent with the in vitro study, lower levels of miR‑146a, higher levels of Notch1 and Notch2, and a higher Notch1/Notch2 ratio were identified in the CC genotype group compared with those of the GG/GC group. In the present study, the rs2910164 C allele was found to be associated with a reduced survival rate in patients with GBM, and the observed association between the CC genotype and poorer prognosis of GBM was at least partially mediated by the decreased expression of miR‑146a, which interfered with the balance of Notch1 and Notch2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Chunming Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Wang R, Li M, Zhou S, Zeng D, Xu X, Xu R, Sun G. Effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism in miR-146a on COX-2 protein expression and lung function in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:463-73. [PMID: 25767384 PMCID: PMC4354402 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s74345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2910164) in the miR-146a precursor on the expression level of miR-146a, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lung tissue harvested from smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as the lung function and disease stages from the same patient population. METHODS AND RESULTS One-hundred and sixty-eight smokers with diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were recruited. The patients were genotyped for rs2910164 polymorphism using Sanger sequencing, and their lung function/disease stages were evaluated following Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Meanwhile, messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression levels of miR-146a and COX2 as well as PGE2 production were determined in 66 lung tissue samples collected in the patients who received surgical treatment. We confirmed that COX2 is a validated target of miR-146a in human fibroblast cells, and identified the differential expression patterns of miR-146a and COX2 in each rs2910164 genotype group. We observed a significant association between rs2910164 in miR-146a and the levels of either COX2 or PGE2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Consistently, we were able to demonstrate that the rs2910164 single nucleotide polymorphism has a functional effect on the baseline lung function in the study population. CONCLUSION In the present study, the rs2910164 CC and GC genotype was found to be associated with an improved lung function and milder disease stages, at least partially, mediated by its ability to increase in COX2 expression and PGE2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China ; Hefei Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiong Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengyun Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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14
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Hhex regulates Kit to promote radioresistance of self-renewing thymocytes in Lmo2-transgenic mice. Leukemia 2014; 29:927-38. [PMID: 25283843 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lmo2 is an oncogenic transcription factor that is frequently overexpressed in T-cell acute leukemias, in particular poor prognosis early T-cell precursor-like (ETP-) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The primary effect of Lmo2 is to cause self-renewal of developing CD4(-)CD8(-) (double negative, DN) T cells in the thymus, leading to serially transplantable thymocytes that eventually give rise to leukemia. These self-renewing thymocytes are intrinsically radioresistant implying that they may be a source of leukemia relapse after therapy. The homeobox transcription factor, Hhex, is highly upregulated in Lmo2-transgenic thymocytes and can phenocopy Lmo2 in inducing thymocyte self-renewal, implying that Hhex may be a key component of the Lmo2-induced self-renewal program. To test this, we conditionally deleted Hhex in the thymi of Lmo2-transgenic mice. Surprisingly, this did not prevent accumulation of DN thymocytes, nor alter the rate of overt leukemia development. However, deletion of Hhex abolished the transplantation capacity of Lmo2-transgenic thymocytes and overcame their radioresistance. We found that Hhex regulates Kit expression in Lmo2-transgenic thymocytes and that abrogation of Kit signaling phenocopied loss of Hhex in abolishing the transplantation capacity and radioresistance of these cells. Thus, targeting the Kit signaling pathway may facilitate the eradication of leukemia-initiating cells in immature T-cell leukemias in which it is expressed.
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15
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Downregulation of Prdm16 mRNA is a specific antileukemic mechanism during HOXB4-mediated HSC expansion in vivo. Blood 2014; 124:1737-47. [PMID: 25082879 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-534735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of HOXB4 in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) leads to increased self-renewal without causing hematopoietic malignancies in transplanted mice. The molecular basis of HOXB4-mediated benign HSC expansion in vivo is not well understood. To gain further insight into the molecular events underlying HOXB4-mediated HSC expansion, we analyzed gene expression changes at multiple time points in Lin(-)Sca1(+)c-kit(+) cells from mice transplanted with bone marrow cells transduced with a MSCV-HOXB4-ires-YFP vector. A distinct HOXB4 transcriptional program was reproducibly induced and stabilized by 12 weeks after transplant. Dynamic expression changes were observed in genes critical for HSC self-renewal as well as in genes involved in myeloid and B-cell differentiation. Prdm16, a transcription factor associated with human acute myeloid leukemia, was markedly repressed by HOXB4 but upregulated by HOXA9 and HOXA10, suggesting that Prdm16 downregulation was involved in preventing leukemia in HOXB4 transplanted mice. Functional evidence to support this mechanism was obtained by enforcing coexpression of sPrdm16 and HOXB4, which led to enhanced self-renewal, myeloid expansion, and leukemia. Altogether, these studies define the transcriptional pathways involved in HOXB4 HSC expansion in vivo and identify repression of Prdm16 transcription as a mechanism by which expanding HSCs avoid leukemic transformation.
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16
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Cleveland SM, Goodings C, Tripathi RM, Elliott N, Thompson MA, Guo Y, Shyr Y, Davé UP. LMO2 induces T-cell leukemia with epigenetic deregulation of CD4. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:581-93.e5. [PMID: 24792354 PMCID: PMC4241760 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a remarkable clonal cell line, 32080, derived from a CD2-Lmo2- transgenic T-cell leukemia with differentiation arrest at the transition from the intermediate single positive to double positive stages of T-cell development. We observed that 32080 cells had a striking variegated pattern in CD4 expression. There was cell-to-cell variability, with some cells expressing no CD4 and others expressing high CD4. The two populations were isogenic and yet differed in their rates of apoptosis and sensitivity to glucocorticoid. We sorted the 32080 line for CD4-positive or CD4-negative cells and observed them in culture. After 1 week, both sorted populations showed variegated CD4 expression, like the parental line, showing that the two populations could interconvert. We determined that cell replication was necessary to transit from CD4(+) to CD4(-) and CD4(-) to CD4(+). Lmo2 knockdown decreased CD4 expression, while inhibition of intracellular NOTCH1 or histone deacetylase activity induced CD4 expression. Enforced expression of RUNX1 repressed CD4 expression. We analyzed the CD4 locus by Histone 3 chromatin immunoprecipitation and found silencing marks in the CD4(-) cells and activating marks in the CD4(+) population. The 32080 cell line is a striking model of intermediate single positive to double positive T-cell plasticity and invokes a novel mechanism for LMO2's oncogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Cleveland
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charnise Goodings
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rati M Tripathi
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Natalina Elliott
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mary Ann Thompson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Utpal P Davé
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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17
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Cleveland SM, Smith S, Tripathi R, Mathias EM, Goodings C, Elliott N, Peng D, El-Rifai W, Yi D, Chen X, Li L, Mullighan C, Downing JR, Love P, Davé UP. Lmo2 induces hematopoietic stem cell-like features in T-cell progenitor cells prior to leukemia. Stem Cells 2014; 31:882-94. [PMID: 23378057 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
LIM domain only 2 (Lmo2) is frequently deregulated in sporadic and gene therapy-induced acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) where its overexpression is an important initiating mutational event. In transgenic and retroviral mouse models, Lmo2 expression can be enforced in multiple hematopoietic lineages but leukemia only arises from T cells. These data suggest that Lmo2 confers clonal growth advantage in T-cell progenitors. We analyzed proliferation, differentiation, and cell death in CD2-Lmo2 transgenic thymic progenitor cells to understand the cellular effects of enforced Lmo2 expression. Most impressively, Lmo2 transgenic T-cell progenitor cells were blocked in differentiation, quiescent, and immortalized in vitro on OP9-DL1 stromal cells. These cellular effects were concordant with a transcriptional signature in Lmo2 transgenic T-cell progenitor cells that is also present in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and early T-cell precursor ALL. These results are significant in light of the crucial role of Lmo2 in the maintenance of the HSC. The cellular effects and transcriptional effects have implications for LMO2-dependent leukemogenesis and the treatment of LMO2-induced T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Cleveland
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6307, USA
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18
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Gutierrez A, Feng H, Stevenson K, Neuberg DS, Calzada O, Zhou Y, Langenau DM, Look AT. Loss of function tp53 mutations do not accelerate the onset of myc-induced T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the zebrafish. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:84-90. [PMID: 24690081 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The TP53 tumour suppressor is activated in response to distinct stimuli, including an ARF-dependent response to oncogene stress and an ATM/ATR-dependent response to DNA damage. In human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), TP53-dependent tumour suppression is typically disabled via biallelic ARF deletions. In murine models, loss of Arf (Cdkn2a) or Tp53 markedly accelerates the onset of Myc-induced lymphoblastic malignancies. In zebrafish, no ARF ortholog has been identified, but the sequence of ARF is very poorly conserved evolutionarily, making it difficult to exclude the presence of a zebrafish ARF ortholog without functional studies. Here we show that tp53 mutations have no significant influence on the onset of myc-induced T-ALL in zebrafish, consistent with the lack of additional effects of Tp53 loss on lymphomagenesis in Arf-deficient mice. By contrast, irradiation leads to complete T-ALL regression in tp53 wild-type but not homozygous mutant zebrafish, indicating that the tp53-dependent DNA damage response is intact. We conclude that tp53 inactivation has no impact on the onset of myc-induced T-ALL in the zebrafish, consistent with the lack of a functional ARF ortholog linking myc-induced oncogene stress to tp53-dependent tumour suppression. Thus, the zebrafish model is well suited to the study of ARF-independent pathways in T-ALL pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Treanor LM, Zhou S, Janke L, Churchman ML, Ma Z, Lu T, Chen SC, Mullighan CG, Sorrentino BP. Interleukin-7 receptor mutants initiate early T cell precursor leukemia in murine thymocyte progenitors with multipotent potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:701-13. [PMID: 24687960 PMCID: PMC3978278 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Early T cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) exhibits lymphoid, myeloid, and stem cell features and is associated with a poor prognosis. Whole genome sequencing of human ETP-ALL cases has identified recurrent mutations in signaling, histone modification, and hematopoietic development genes but it remains to be determined which of these abnormalities are sufficient to initiate leukemia. We show that activating mutations in the interleukin-7 receptor identified in human pediatric ETP-ALL cases are sufficient to generate ETP-ALL in mice transplanted with primitive transduced thymocytes from p19(Arf-/-) mice. The cellular mechanism by which these mutant receptors induce ETP-ALL is the block of thymocyte differentiation at the double negative 2 stage at which myeloid lineage and T lymphocyte developmental potential coexist. Analyses of samples from pediatric ETP-ALL cases and our murine ETP-ALL model show uniformly high levels of LMO2 expression, very low to undetectable levels of BCL11B expression, and a relative lack of activating NOTCH1 mutations. We report that pharmacological blockade of Jak-Stat signaling with ruxolitinib has significant antileukemic activity in this ETP-ALL model. This new murine model recapitulates several important cellular and molecular features of ETP-ALL and should be useful to further define novel therapeutic approaches for this aggressive leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Treanor
- Department of Hematology and 2 Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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20
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Smith S, Tripathi R, Goodings C, Cleveland S, Mathias E, Hardaway JA, Elliott N, Yi Y, Chen X, Downing J, Mullighan C, Swing DA, Tessarollo L, Li L, Love P, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Thompson MA, Du Y, Davé UP. LIM domain only-2 (LMO2) induces T-cell leukemia by two distinct pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85883. [PMID: 24465765 PMCID: PMC3897537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The LMO2 oncogene is deregulated in the majority of human T-cell leukemia cases and in most gene therapy-induced T-cell leukemias. We made transgenic mice with enforced expression of Lmo2 in T-cells by the CD2 promoter/enhancer. These transgenic mice developed highly penetrant T-ALL by two distinct patterns of gene expression: one in which there was concordant activation of Lyl1, Hhex, and Mycn or alternatively, with Notch1 target gene activation. Most strikingly, this gene expression clustering was conserved in human Early T-cell Precursor ALL (ETP-ALL), where LMO2, HHEX, LYL1, and MYCN were most highly expressed. We discovered that HHEX is a direct transcriptional target of LMO2 consistent with its concordant gene expression. Furthermore, conditional inactivation of Hhex in CD2-Lmo2 transgenic mice markedly attenuated T-ALL development, demonstrating that Hhex is a crucial mediator of Lmo2's oncogenic function. The CD2-Lmo2 transgenic mice offer mechanistic insight into concordant oncogene expression and provide a model for the highly treatment-resistant ETP-ALL subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rati Tripathi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Charnise Goodings
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Susan Cleveland
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Mathias
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - J. Andrew Hardaway
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Natalina Elliott
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yajun Yi
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James Downing
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Charles Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Swing
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Liqi Li
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul Love
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nancy A. Jenkins
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Neal G. Copeland
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mary Ann Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Utpal P. Davé
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Mouse transplant models for evaluating the oncogenic risk of a self-inactivating XSCID lentiviral vector. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62333. [PMID: 23626802 PMCID: PMC3633865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy requires the use of integrating retroviral vectors in order to stably transmit a therapeutic gene to mature blood cells. Human clinical trials have shown that some vector integration events lead to disrupted regulation of proto-oncogenes resulting in disordered hematopoiesis including T-cell leukemia. Newer vectors have been designed to decrease the incidence of these adverse events but require appropriate pre-clinical assays to demonstrate safety. We have used two distinct mouse serial transplant assays to evaluate the safety of a self-inactivating lentiviral vector intended for use in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) gene therapy trials. These experiments entailed 28 months of total follow-up and included 386 mice. There were no cases in which the XSCID lentiviral vector clearly caused hematopoietic malignancies, although a single case of B cell malignancy was observed that contained the lentiviral vector as a likely passenger event. In contrast, a SFFV-DsRed γ-retroviral vector resulted in clonal transformation events in multiple secondary recipients. Non-specific pathology not related to vector insertions was noted including T cell leukemias arising from irradiated recipient cells. Overall, this comprehensive study of mouse transplant safety assays demonstrate the relative safety of the XSCID lentiviral vector but also highlight the limitations of these assays.
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Volanakis EJ, Boothby MR, Sherr CJ. Epigenetic regulation of the Ink4a-Arf (Cdkn2a) tumor suppressor locus in the initiation and progression of Notch1-driven T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:377-86. [PMID: 23178376 PMCID: PMC3860824 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations of NOTCH1 and deletion of the INK4A-ARF (CDKN2A) tumor suppressor locus are two of the most frequent genetic alterations in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In a murine model of T-ALL induced by the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the genetic interaction between ICN1 signaling and Arf inactivation is developmentally stage-specific, with a more pronounced requirement for Arf deletion in thymocytes than in bone marrow precursors targeted for transformation. In the thymus, the target cell for transformation is a CD4 and CD8 double-negative progenitor that undergoes T cell receptor beta-chain rearrangement, a cell type in which polycomb silencing of Ink4a-Arf is normally requisite. Epigenetic remodeling during tumor progression licenses Arf as a tumor suppressor and in turn provides the selective pressure for Ink4a-Arf deletion in clonal T-ALLs that emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J Volanakis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Abstract
LIM-domain proteins are a large family of proteins that are emerging as key molecules in a wide variety of human cancers. In particular, all members of the human LIM-domain-only (LMO) proteins, LMO1-4, which are required for many developmental processes, are implicated in the onset or the progression of several cancers, including T cell leukaemia, breast cancer and neuroblastoma. These small proteins contain two protein-interacting LIM domains but little additional sequence, and they seem to function by nucleating the formation of new transcriptional complexes and/or by disrupting existing transcriptional complexes to modulate gene expression programmes. Through these activities, the LMO proteins have important cellular roles in processes that are relevant to cancer such as self-renewal, cell cycle regulation and metastasis. These functions highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting these proteins in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Matthews
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. jacqui.matthews@ sydney.edu.au
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Blackburn JS, Liu S, Raiser DM, Martinez SA, Feng H, Meeker ND, Gentry J, Neuberg D, Look AT, Ramaswamy S, Bernards A, Trede NS, Langenau DM. Notch signaling expands a pre-malignant pool of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia clones without affecting leukemia-propagating cell frequency. Leukemia 2012; 26:2069-78. [PMID: 22538478 PMCID: PMC3435461 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
NOTCH1 pathway activation contributes to the pathogenesis of over 60% of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). While Notch is thought to exert the majority of its effects through transcriptional activation of Myc, it also likely has independent roles in T-ALL malignancy. Here, we utilized a zebrafish transgenic model of T-ALL, where Notch does not induce Myc transcription, to identify a novel Notch gene expression signature that is also found in human T-ALL and is regulated independently of Myc. Cross-species microarray comparisons between zebrafish and mammalian disease identified a common T-ALL gene signature, suggesting that conserved genetic pathways underlie T-ALL development. Functionally, Notch expression induced a significant expansion of pre-leukemic clones; however, a majority of these clones were not fully transformed and could not induce leukemia when transplanted into recipient animals. Limiting-dilution cell transplantation revealed that Notch signaling does not increase the overall frequency of leukemia-propagating cells (LPCs), either alone or in collaboration with Myc. Taken together, these data indicate that a primary role of Notch signaling in T-ALL is to expand a population of pre-malignant thymocytes, of which a subset acquire the necessary mutations to become fully transformed LPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Blackburn
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Sali Liu
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sarah A. Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Hui Feng
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Nathan D. Meeker
- Department of Pediatrics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeffery Gentry
- Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Andre Bernards
- Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Nikolaus S. Trede
- Department of Pediatrics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - David M. Langenau
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center of Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
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