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Cao Y, Hu B, Fan Y, Wang W, Chi M, Nasser MI, Ma K, Liu C. The effects of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage in kidney diseases. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:21. [PMID: 38178221 PMCID: PMC10765713 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a progressive and irreversible condition in which immunity is a contributing factor that endangers human health. It is widely acknowledged that macrophages play a significant role in developing and causing numerous kidney diseases. The increasing focus on the mechanism by which macrophages express apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM) in renal diseases has been observed. AIM is an apoptosis inhibitor that stops different things that cause apoptosis from working. This keeps AIM-bound cell types alive. Notably, the maintenance of immune cell viability regulates immunity. As our investigation progressed, we concluded that AIM has two sides when it comes to renal diseases. AIM can modulate renal phagocytosis, expedite the elimination of renal tubular cell fragments, and mitigate tissue injury. AIM can additionally exacerbate the development of renal fibrosis and kidney disease by prolonging inflammation. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) may also worsen faster if more protein is in the urine. This is because IgA and immunoglobulin M are found together and expressed. In the review, we provide a comprehensive overview of prior research and concentrate on the impacts of AIM on diverse subcategories of nephropathies. We discovered that AIM is closely associated with renal diseases by playing a positive or negative role in the onset, progression, or cure of kidney disease. AIM is thus a potentially effective therapeutic target for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Cao
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Boyan Hu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhe Fan
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
- Renal Department and Nephrology Institute, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Kloka JA, Friedrichson B, Wülfroth P, Henning R, Zacharowski K. Microvascular Leakage as Therapeutic Target for Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2023; 12:1345. [PMID: 37408180 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury is a very common complication of various indicated therapies such as the re-opening of vessels in the myocardium or brain as well as reflow in hemodynamic shutdown (cardiac arrest, severe trauma, aortic cross-clamping). The treatment and prevention of reperfusion injury has therefore been a topic of immense interest in terms of mechanistic understanding, the exploration of interventions in animal models and in the clinical setting in major prospective studies. While a wealth of encouraging results has been obtained in the lab, the translation into clinical success has met with mixed outcomes at best. Considering the still very high medical need, progress continues to be urgently needed. Multi-target approaches rationally linking interference with pathophysiological pathways as well as a renewed focus on aspects of microvascular dysfunction, especially on the role of microvascular leakage, are likely to provide new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Andreas Kloka
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Friedrichson
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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3
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Zhang G, Zhang L, Si S, Jiang T, Xia Y, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Yao C, Chen M, Chen S. Fibrinogen and antithrombin III are associated with in-hospital mortality among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1938-1947. [DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2142138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Urology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Urology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sun Si
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Urology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiancheng Jiang
- Institute of Urology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Institute of Urology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongkun Zhu
- Institute of Urology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Yao
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Urology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Urology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Urology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Xu D, Wang Y, Guo W, Li X, Liu Y, Han Y, Zhang H, Wei Q, Wang Y, Xu Y. LC-MS-based multi-omics analysis of brain tissue for the evaluation of the anti-ischemic stroke potential of Tribulus terrestris L. fruit extract in MCAO rats. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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5
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Yakovlev S, Strickland DK, Medved L. Current View on the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Fibrin(ogen)-Dependent Inflammation. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1858-1868. [PMID: 35896433 PMCID: PMC10680782 DOI: 10.1055/a-1910-4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed the involvement of fibrinogen in the inflammatory response. To explain the molecular mechanisms underlying fibrinogen-dependent inflammation, two bridging mechanisms have been proposed in which fibrin(ogen) bridges leukocytes to endothelial cells. The first mechanism suggests that bridging occurs via the interaction of fibrinogen with the leukocyte receptor Mac-1 and the endothelial receptor ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), which promotes leukocyte transmigration and enhances inflammation. The second mechanism includes bridging of leukocytes to the endothelium by fibrin degradation product E1 fragment through its interaction with leukocyte receptor CD11c and endothelial VE-cadherin to promote leukocyte transmigration. The role of E1 in promoting inflammation is inhibited by the fibrin-derived β15-42 fragment, and this has been suggested to result from its ability to compete for the E1-VE-cadherin interaction and to trigger signaling pathways through the src kinase Fyn. Our recent study revealed that the β15-42 fragment is ineffective in inhibiting the E1- or fibrin-VE-cadherin interaction, leaving the proposed signaling mechanism as the only viable explanation for the inhibitory function of β15-42. We have discovered that fibrin interacts with the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, and this interaction triggers a signaling pathway that promotes leukocyte transmigration through inhibition of the src kinase Fyn. This pathway is inhibited by another pathway induced by the interaction of β15-42 with a putative endothelial receptor. In this review, we briefly describe the previously proposed molecular mechanisms underlying fibrin-dependent inflammation and their advantages/disadvantages and summarize our recent studies of the novel VLDL receptor-dependent pathway of leukocyte transmigration which plays an important role in fibrin-dependent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Yakovlev
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Dudley K. Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Leonid Medved
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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6
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The mmu_circRNA_37492/hsa_circ_0012138 function as potential ceRNA to attenuate obstructive renal fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:207. [PMID: 35246505 PMCID: PMC8897503 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of certain renal diseases, however, the function and mechanism of them in renal fibrosis remains largely unknown. In the present study, RNA expression data in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidneys was obtained from our previous circRNA Microarray and public Gene Expression Omnibus datasets to construct a ceRNA network. The effects of target circRNA as long as the homologous human circRNA on renal fibrosis was examined in vitro and in vivo. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was further performed among genes regulated by the human circRNA. We found that circRNA_37492, showing well connection degree in the ceRNA network, was abundant expression and high sequence conservation. We observed that the expression of circRNA_37492 was induced by the TGF-β1 or UUO in BUMPT cells and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. In vitro, cytoplasmic circRNA_37492 inhibited type I, III collagen and fibronectin deposition by sponging miR-7682-3p and then upregulated its downstream target Fgb. In vivo, overexpression of circRNA_37492 attenuated fibrotic lesions in the kidneys of UUO mice via targeting miR-7682-3p/Fgb axis. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0012138, homologous with circRNA_37492, may potentially target miR-651-5p/FGB axis in human renal fibrosis. Not only that, GO and KEGG enrichment revealed that hsa_circ_0012138-regulated genes were previously demonstrated to related to the fibrosis. In conclusion, we for the first time demonstrated that circRNA_37492 attenuated renal fibrosis via targeting miR-7682-3p/Fgb axis, and the homologous hsa_circRNA_0012138 was speculated as a possible ceRNA to regulate multiple gene expressions and involve in human renal fibrosis, suggesting that circRNA_37492/hsa_circ_0012138 may serve as potent therapy target for obstructive renal fibrosis disease.
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7
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Zhang H, Ji W, Li X, Feng Y, Wang J, Liu H, Bao J. Immunosuppression, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in pig kidney caused by ammonia: Application of transcriptome analysis in risk assessment of ammonia exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 428:115675. [PMID: 34389318 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a recognized environmental contaminant around the world and has adverse effects on animal and human health. However, the mechanism of the renal toxicity of NH3 is not well understood. Pigs are considered an ideal model for biomedical and toxicological research because of the similarity to humans in physiological and biochemical basis. Therefore, in this study, twelve pigs were selected as research objects and randomly divided into two groups, namely the control group and the NH3 group. The formal experiment lasted 30 days. The effects of excessive NH3 inhalation on the kidney of fattening pig were evaluated by chemical analysis, ELISA, transcriptome analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) from the renal antioxidant level, renal function, blood ammonia content and gene level. Our results showed that excessive NH3 exposure could cause an increase in blood NH3 content, a reduction in renal GSH-Px, SOD and GSH, as well as an increase in MDA levels and an increase in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid levels. In addition, transcriptome analysis showed that NH3 exposure caused changes in 335 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (including 126 up-regulated DEGs and 109 down-regulated DEGs). Some highly expressed DEGs were enriched into GO terms associated with immune function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and were verified by qRT-PCR. The qRT-PCR results were comsistent with the transcriptome results. Our results indicated that NH3 exposure could cause changes in renal transcriptional profiles and kidney function, and induce kidney damage in the fattening pigs through oxidative stress, immune dysfunction and apoptosis. Our present study provides novel insights into the immunotoxicity mechanism of NH3 on kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Wenbo Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yanru Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Honggui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, PR China.
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8
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Chausheva S, Redwan B, Sharma S, Marella N, Schossleitner K, Mueller AC, Petzelbauer P, Morris T, Lang IM. Synthetic Fibrin-Derived Bβ 15-42 Peptide Delays Thrombus Resolution in a Mouse Model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2168-2180. [PMID: 34078093 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Chausheva
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (S.C., S.S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Bassam Redwan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Klinik am Park, Klinikum Westfalen, Luenen, Germany (B.R.)
| | - Smriti Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (S.C., S.S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Nara Marella
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria (N.M., A.C.M.)
| | - Klaudia Schossleitner
- Skin and Endothelial Research Division, Department of Dermatology (K.S., P.P.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - André C Mueller
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria (N.M., A.C.M.)
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelial Research Division, Department of Dermatology (K.S., P.P.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy Morris
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego (T.M.)
| | - Irene M Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (S.C., S.S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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9
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Sun Y, Zheng D, Zhang Q, Li W. Predictive value of combining the level of fibrinogen and antithrombin III for contrast-induced nephropathy in coronary artery disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Biomed Rep 2020; 13:26. [PMID: 32765865 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common adverse event in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary intervention. The current study investigated the predictive effect of preoperative fibrinogen (FIB) combined with antithrombin III (AT-III) on CIN following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 394 patients who underwent PCI between October 2018 and May 2019 were selected for the present study. Pre-procedural FIB levels and AT-III activity were measured before PCI. CIN was defined as a 0.5 mg/dl or 25% increase in serum creatinine levels 48 to 72 h after exposure to a radiocontrast agent. Patients were classified into CIN and non-CIN groups. CIN occurred in 48 (12.2%) patients. The serum FIB levels were significantly higher in patients who developed CIN compared with those who did not develop CIN. In addition, AT-III levels ≤89.5% were associated with higher rates of CIN. Logistical regression analysis showed that high FIB, and low AT-III and albumin levels were high-risk factors associated with CIN. For FIB, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting CIN was 0.653. The optimal cut-off value was 3.48 g/l with a sensitivity of 45.8% and a specificity of 79.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.603-0.701; P=0.0002)]. For AT-III, the AUC was 0.711, and the optimal cut-off value was 89.5%, with a sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 58.2% (95% CI: 0.659-0.758; P<0.0001). When combining FIB and AT-III, the AUC was 0.747. The optimal cut-off value was 0.090424, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 46.6% (95% CI: 0.697-0.792; P<0.0001). The results showed that FIB combined with AT-III resulted in improved predictive accuracy of CIN (FIB vs. AT-III, AUC=0.653 vs. 0.711, P=0.292; FIB vs. FIB + AT-III, AUC=0.653 vs. 0.747, P=0.012; AT-III vs. FIB + AT-III, AUC=0.711 vs. 0.747, P=0.138). Pre-procedural levels of FIB, AT-III and albumin were independently associated with an increased risk of CIN. Furthermore, the results suggested that the combination of FIB and AT-III was a better predictor of CIN after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Di Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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10
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DiRito JR, Hosgood SA, Reschke M, Albert C, Bracaglia LG, Ferdinand JR, Stewart BJ, Edwards CM, Vaish AG, Thiru S, Mulligan DC, Haakinson DJ, Clatworthy MR, Saltzman WM, Pober JS, Nicholson ML, Tietjen GT. Lysis of cold-storage-induced microvascular obstructions for ex vivo revitalization of marginal human kidneys. Am J Transplant 2020; 21:161-173. [PMID: 32627324 PMCID: PMC7775334 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of kidneys from higher-risk donors are discarded annually because of the increased likelihood of complications posttransplant. Given the severe organ shortage, there is a critical need to improve utilization of these organs. To this end, normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has emerged as a platform for ex vivo assessment and potential repair of marginal organs. In a recent study of 8 transplant-declined human kidneys on NMP, we discovered microvascular obstructions that impaired microvascular blood flow. However, the nature and physiologic impact of these lesions were unknown. Here, in a study of 39 human kidneys, we have identified that prolonged cold storage of human kidneys induces accumulation of fibrinogen within tubular epithelium. Restoration of normoxic conditions-either ex vivo during NMP or in vivo following transplant-triggered intravascular release of fibrinogen correlating with red blood cell aggregation and microvascular plugging. Combined delivery of plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator during NMP lysed the plugs leading to a significant reduction in markers of renal injury, improvement in indicators of renal function, and improved delivery of vascular-targeted nanoparticles. Our study suggests a new mechanism of cold storage injury in marginal organs and provides a simple treatment with immediate translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R. DiRito
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Melanie Reschke
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Claire Albert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Laura G. Bracaglia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Anand G. Vaish
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sathia Thiru
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C. Mulligan
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Gregory T. Tietjen
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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11
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Sörensen-Zender I, Chen R, Rong S, David S, Melk A, Haller H, Schmitt R. Binding to carboxypeptidase M mediates protective effects of fibrinopeptide Bβ 15-42. Transl Res 2019; 213:124-135. [PMID: 31401267 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During fibrinolysis a 28-amino-acid peptide is generated besides other degradation products of fibrin. This peptide, called Bβ15-42, which is cleaved by plasmin from the end of the fibrin Bβ-chain, is protective in myocardial and renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and improves the outcome in experimental sepsis. Bβ15-42 has been shown to mediate different beneficial effects in endothelial cells through binding to vascular endothelial-cadherin. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that Bβ15-42 has additional cell protective activity in tubular cells, which is caused by a distinct mechanism. As vascular endothelial-cadherin is not expressed by tubular cells we used ligand-receptor capture technology LRC-TriCEPS to search for tubular cell surface receptors and identified carboxypeptidase M (CBPM) as a novel binding partner of Bβ15-42. Silencing CBPM with siRNA reduced the protective potential of Bβ15-42 against tubular cell stress. Bβ15-42 inhibited the enzymatic activity of CBPM and modified the impact of CBPM on bradykinin signaling. We conclude that beneficial properties of Bβ15-42 are not restricted to endothelial cells but are also active in epithelial cells where cytoprotection depends on CBPM binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Anette Melk
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Schmitt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Germany
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12
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Yakovlev S, Cao C, Galisteo R, Zhang L, Strickland DK, Medved L. Fibrin-VLDL Receptor-Dependent Pathway Promotes Leukocyte Transmigration by Inhibiting Src Kinase Fyn and is a Target for Fibrin β15-42 Peptide. Thromb Haemost 2019; 119:1816-1826. [PMID: 31466086 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1695008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the current view, binding of fibrin degradation product E1 fragment to endothelial VE-cadherin promotes transendothelial migration of leukocytes and thereby inflammation, and fibrin-derived β15-42 peptide reduces leukocyte transmigration by competing with E1 for binding to VE-cadherin and, in addition, by signaling through Src kinase Fyn. However, the very low affinity of β15-42 to VE-cadherin raised a question about its ability to inhibit E1-VE-cadherin interaction. Further, our previous study revealed that fibrin promotes leukocyte transmigration through the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor (VLDLR)-dependent pathway and suggested a possible link between the inhibitory properties of β15-42 and this pathway. To test such a link and the proposed inhibitory mechanisms for β15-42, we performed in vitro experiments using surface plasmon resonance, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and leukocyte transendothelial migration assay, and in vivo studies with wild-type and VLDLR-deficient mice using mouse model of peritonitis. The experiments revealed that β15-42 cannot inhibit E1-VE-cadherin interaction at the concentrations used in the previous in vivo studies leaving the proposed Fyn-dependent signaling mechanism as a viable explanation for the inhibitory effect of β15-42. While testing this mechanism, we confirmed that Fyn plays a critical role in controlling fibrin-induced transendothelial migration of leukocytes and found that signaling through the VLDLR-dependent pathway results in inhibition of Fyn, thereby increasing leukocyte transmigration. Furthermore, our in vivo experiments revealed that β15-42 inhibits this pathway, thereby preventing inhibition of Fyn and reducing leukocyte transmigration. Thus, this study clarifies the molecular mechanism underlying the VLDLR-dependent pathway of leukocyte transmigration and reveals that this pathway is a target for β15-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Yakovlev
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Chunzhang Cao
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rebeca Galisteo
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Leonid Medved
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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13
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Wang H, Zheng C, Xu X, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Liu Z. Fibrinogen links podocyte injury with Toll-like receptor 4 and is associated with disease activity in FSGS patients. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 23:418-429. [PMID: 28407405 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Fibrinogen (Fg) is reported to participate in inflammation through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, it remains unknown whether Fg might induce podocyte damage through TLR4 and be related to disease activity in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). METHODS We observed Fg-induced alterations in actin and apoptosis in cultured human podocytes transfected with or without TLR4 siRNA. Expression of TLR4, phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-NF-κB p65 was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blotting, and we analysed urinary Fg levels in adriamycin-treated mice and double immunofluorescence staining for TLR4, Fg and podocin. Urinary Fg changes were also analyzed in FSGS patients under prednisone treatment. RESULTS First, Fg dose-dependently induced actin damage and apoptosis in cultured human podocytes, with an Fg-induced increase in TLR4 expression, and TLR4 siRNA transfection prevented these effects. TLR4 knockdown inhibited activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 in podocytes. Elevated urinary Fg levels were positively correlated with albuminuria in adriamycin-treated mice, in which Fg and TLR4 colocalized and exhibited increased expression in podocytes. Additionally, elevated urinary Fg levels were positively correlated with 24-h proteinuria and foot process width in FSGS patients. Urinary Fg levels were significantly decreased in patients with complete remission but not in those without remission. CONCLUSIONS Fg induced podocytes injury via the TLR4-p38 MAPK-NF-κB p65 pathway. In FSGS patients, urinary Fg levels reflect therapeutic response to prednisone and disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtian Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxia Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinghui Lu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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14
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Du T, Dong H, Li C, Yan S, Li H. Urinary fibrinogen is elevated in hospitalized patients undergoing angiography. Vascular 2018; 27:33-37. [PMID: 30200827 DOI: 10.1177/1708538118797877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previously, we found that urinary fibrinogen (Fg) levels were positively related to contrast-induced acute renal injury degree in mice. Reduction of fibrinogen in heterozygous mice can improve renal function. Here, we prospectively observed the variation in urinary Fg levels in patients undergoing angiography to determine the relationship between serum creatinine (Scr) and serum cystatin C (Cys C) levels. METHODS Serum Cys C and urinary Fg levels were evaluated by ELISA before and 2, 12, and 24 h after angiography in 115 enrolled inpatients. Scr was assessed before and 24 and 48 h after angiography. Data were analyzed using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Spearman correlation. RESULTS Urinary Fg levels were elevated as early as 2 h after angiography and decreased thereafter before returning to baseline levels 24 h after angiography. Urinary Fg was correlated with the amount of contrast agent ( r = 0.24, p = 0.036) and the presence of diabetes and hypertension ( r = 0.31, r = 0.28, p < 0.05, respectively). Urinary Fg levels 2 h after angiography were positively related with Cys C at 12 and 24 h and Scr at 48 h after angiography ( r = 0.34, r = 0.51, r = 0.85, p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that variations in urinary Fg levels are consistent with serum Cys C and Scr in patients undergoing angiography and that urinary Fg levels were the earliest parameter to become elevated. Urinary Fg should be investigated as a useful predictor for abnormal renal function after angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Du
- 1 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Province University, Huangshi, China
| | - Honglin Dong
- 2 Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- 3 Department of Nephrology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- 2 Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- 2 Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
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15
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Fischer D, Seifen C, Baer P, Jung M, Mertens C, Scheller B, Zacharowski K, Hofmann R, Maier TJ, Urbschat A. The Fibrin Cleavage Product Bβ 15-42 Channels Endothelial and Tubular Regeneration in the Post-acute Course During Murine Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:369. [PMID: 29755348 PMCID: PMC5934548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and adequate restoration of endothelial and tubular renal function is a substantial step during regeneration after ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, occurring, e.g., in kidney transplantation, renal surgery, and sepsis. While tubular epithelial cell injury has long been of central importance, recent perception includes the renal vascular endothelium. In this regard, the fibrin cleavage product fibrinopeptide Bβ15-42 mitigate IR injury by stabilizing interendothelial junctions through its affinity to VE-cadherin. Therefore, this study focused on the effect of Bβ15-42 on post-acute physiological renal regeneration. For this, adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a 30 min bilateral renal ischemia and reperfusion for 24 h or 48 h. Animals were randomized in a non-operative control group, two operative groups each treated with i.v. administration of either saline or Bβ15-42 (2.4 mg/kg) immediately prior to reperfusion. Endothelial activation and inflammatory response was attenuated in renal tissue homogenates by single application of Bβ15-42. Meanwhile, Bβ15-42 did not affect acute kidney injury markers. Regarding the angiogenetic players VEGF-A, Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2, however, we observed significant higher expressions at mRNA and trend to higher protein level in Bβ15-42 treated mice, compared to saline treated mice after 48 h of IR, thus pointing toward an increased angiogenetic activity. Similar dynamics were observed for the intermediate filament vimentin, the cytoprotective protein klotho, stathmin and the proliferation cellular nuclear antigen, which were significantly up-regulated at the same points in time. These results suggest a beneficial effect of anatomical contiguously located endothelial cells on tubular regeneration through stabilization of endothelial integrity. Therefore, it seems that Bβ15-42 represents a novel pharmacological approach in the targeted therapy of acute renal failure in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christopher Seifen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick Baer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rainer Hofmann
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten J Maier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja Urbschat
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Moradzadeh K, Moein S, Nickaeen N, Gheisari Y. Analysis of time-course microarray data: Comparison of common tools. Genomics 2018; 111:636-641. [PMID: 29614346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput time-series data have a special value for studying the dynamism of biological systems. However, the interpretation of such complex data can be challenging. The aim of this study was to compare common algorithms recently developed for the detection of differentially expressed genes in time-course microarray data. Using different measures such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and related signaling pathways, we found that limma, timecourse, and gprege have reasonably good performance for the analysis of datasets in which only test group is followed over time. However, limma has the additional advantage of being able to report significance cut off, making it a more practical tool. In addition, limma and TTCA can be satisfactorily used for datasets with time-series data for all experimental groups. These findings may assist investigators to select appropriate tools for the detection of differentially expressed genes as an initial step in the interpretation of time-course big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Moradzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Shiva Moein
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Nickaeen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Lab, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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17
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Albert A, Tiwari V, Paul E, Ponnusamy S, Ganesan D, Prabhakaran R, Mariaraj Sivakumar S, Govindan Sadasivam S. Oral administration of oxalate-enriched spinach extract as an improved methodology for the induction of dietary hyperoxaluric nephrocalcinosis in experimental rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:195-204. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1388459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Albert
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Vidhi Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Eldho Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Sasikumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Divya Ganesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Rajkumar Prabhakaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Selvi Mariaraj Sivakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Selvam Govindan Sadasivam
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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18
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Jahangirifard A, Ahmadi ZH, Naghashzadeh F, Sharif-Kashani B, Rashid-Farokhi F, Afshar A, Yamini-Sharif R, Rezaei Y. Prophylactic Fibrinogen Decreases Postoperative Bleeding but Not Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Heart Transplantation. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2017; 24:998-1004. [PMID: 29050500 PMCID: PMC6714712 DOI: 10.1177/1076029617731625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is the premier clinical attempt to scrutinize the practicability of prophylactic fibrinogen infusion in patients undergoing heart transplantation (HT). A total of 67 consecutive patients who had undergone HT between January 2012 and December 2014 were assessed. After exclusion of some patients, 23 patients were given preoperative 2 g fibrinogen concentrate over a period of 15 minutes after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass pump and complete reversal of heparin, and 30 patients were not given. Some laboratories were measured before general anesthesia and at 6 and 24 hours after surgery. In addition, major adverse events were also evaluated during hospitalization. The mean age of the patients was 39.5 ± 11.4 years, with a predominance of male sex (77.4%). All laboratories at baseline were comparable between groups. The length of hospital stay was longer in the control group compared to the fibrinogen group (20 [16-22] vs 16 [12-19] days; P = .005). There was a trend for patients in the fibrinogen group to have more acute kidney injury (AKI) after surgery (10% vs 30.4%) and less reoperation for bleeding (20% vs 8.7%). The amount of postoperative bleeding was significantly higher in the control group compared to the fibrinogen group (P < .001). The number of packed red blood cell transfused during 24 hours after surgery was significantly lower in the fibrinogen group (P < .001). The transfusion of fibrinogen in patients undergoing HT may be associated with reductions in postoperative bleeding, the number of packed red blood cells, and hospital length of stay; however, it may enhance postoperative AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jahangirifard
- 1 Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zargham Hossein Ahmadi
- 2 Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Naghashzadeh
- 2 Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Sharif-Kashani
- 3 Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farin Rashid-Farokhi
- 4 Telemedicine Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Afshar
- 2 Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Yamini-Sharif
- 1 Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Rezaei
- 5 Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Silva CCF, Menezes MC, Palomino M, Oliveira AK, Iwai LK, Faria M, Portaro FV. Peptides derived from plasma proteins released by bothropasin, a metalloprotease present in the Bothrops jararaca venom. Toxicon 2017; 137:65-72. [PMID: 28690013 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Viperid snake venoms contain proteases that affect hemostasis by degrading important proteins such as those that participate in the coagulation cascade. The Bothrops jararaca venom presents as its main components metallo and serine proteases, which comprise around 65% of the venom composition. Bothropasin is a hemorrhagic metalloprotease from the B. jararaca venom which causes disruption of the basement membrane of the vascular endothelium, resulting in bleeding. Although the bothropasin ability to degrade plasmatic and extracellular matrix proteins in vitro has been described, the primary sequence of the released peptides is unknown. This research study presents the peptide identification from both fibrinogen and fibronectin, generated by bothropasin proteolytic activity. Among the fibrinogen derived peptides identified by mass spectrometry, analogous of endogenous products like the fibrinopeptides A and B were found, as well as other sequences described in the literature with vasoactive or antiangiogenic properties. A series of peptides derived from fibronectin by the action of bothropasin were described, and for most of them no biological activity has been described. However, exceptionally a peptide that is known as a bond site for B cells was found. This study indicates that, beyond to the degradation of human proteins, bothropasin can generate bioactive peptides, which may participate in the envenoming process by Bothrops snakes. Also important, the knowledge of the formed peptides, based on the cleavage sites of the hydrolyzed proteins, provided the opportunity to study the primary specificity of bothropasin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milene Cristina Menezes
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miryam Palomino
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Karina Oliveira
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leo Kei Iwai
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcella Faria
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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20
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Malas TB, Formica C, Leonhard WN, Rao P, Granchi Z, Roos M, Peters DJM, 't Hoen PAC. Meta-analysis of polycystic kidney disease expression profiles defines strong involvement of injury repair processes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F806-F817. [PMID: 28148532 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00653.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. The disease mechanisms are not well understood and the pathogenesis toward renal failure remains elusive. In this study, we present the first RNASeq analysis of a Pkd1-mutant mouse model in a combined meta-analysis with other published PKD expression profiles. We introduce the PKD Signature, a set of 1,515 genes that are commonly dysregulated in PKD studies. We show that the signature genes include many known and novel PKD-related genes and functions. Moreover, genes with a role in injury repair, as evidenced by expression data and/or automated literature analysis, were significantly enriched in the PKD Signature, with 35% of the PKD Signature genes being directly implicated in injury repair. NF-κB signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammatory response, hypoxia, and metabolism were among the most prominent injury or repair-related biological processes with a role in the PKD etiology. Novel PKD genes with a role in PKD and in injury were confirmed in another Pkd1-mutant mouse model as well as in animals treated with a nephrotoxic agent. We propose that compounds that can modulate the injury-repair response could be valuable drug candidates for PKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq B Malas
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Chiara Formica
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Wouter N Leonhard
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | | | | | - Marco Roos
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Dorien J M Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
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21
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Elevated fibrinogen and the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury during percutaneous coronary interventions. Coron Artery Dis 2016; 27:3-4. [PMID: 26657194 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Pellegrini KL, Gerlach CV, Craciun FL, Ramachandran K, Bijol V, Kissick HT, Vaidya VS. Application of small RNA sequencing to identify microRNAs in acute kidney injury and fibrosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 312:42-52. [PMID: 26707937 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Establishing a microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in affected tissues provides an important foundation for the discovery of miRNAs involved in the development or progression of pathologic conditions. We conducted small RNA sequencing to generate a temporal profile of miRNA expression in the kidneys using a mouse model of folic acid-induced (250mg/kgi.p.) kidney injury and fibrosis. From the 103 miRNAs that were differentially expressed over the time course (>2-fold, p<0.05), we chose to further investigate miR-18a-5p, which is expressed during the acute stage of the injury; miR-132-3p, which is upregulated during transition between acute and fibrotic injury; and miR-146b-5p, which is highly expressed at the peak of fibrosis. Using qRT-PCR, we confirmed the increased expression of these candidate miRNAs in the folic acid model as well as in other established mouse models of acute injury (ischemia/reperfusion injury) and fibrosis (unilateral ureteral obstruction). In situ hybridization confirmed high expression of miR-18a-5p, miR-132-3p and miR-146b-5p throughout the kidney cortex in mice and humans with severe kidney injury or fibrosis. When primary human proximal tubular epithelial cells were treated with model nephrotoxicants such as cadmium chloride (CdCl2), arsenic trioxide, aristolochic acid (AA), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and cisplatin, miRNA-132-3p was upregulated 4.3-fold after AA treatment and 1.5-fold after K2Cr2O7 and CdCl2 treatment. These results demonstrate the application of temporal small RNA sequencing to identify miR-18a, miR-132 and miR-146b as differentially expressed miRNAs during distinct phases of kidney injury and fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Pellegrini
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cory V Gerlach
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florin L Craciun
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krithika Ramachandran
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanesa Bijol
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haydn T Kissick
- Department of Surgery, Urology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Madhusudhan T, Kerlin BA, Isermann B. The emerging role of coagulation proteases in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2015; 12:94-109. [PMID: 26592189 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A role of coagulation proteases in kidney disease beyond their function in normal haemostasis and thrombosis has long been suspected, and studies performed in the past 15 years have provided novel insights into the mechanisms involved. The expression of protease-activated receptors (PARs) in renal cells provides a molecular link between coagulation proteases and renal cell function and revitalizes research evaluating the role of haemostasis regulators in renal disease. Renal cell-specific expression and activity of coagulation proteases, their regulators and their receptors are dynamically altered during disease processes. Furthermore, renal inflammation and tissue remodelling are not only associated, but are causally linked with altered coagulation activation and protease-dependent signalling. Intriguingly, coagulation proteases signal through more than one receptor or induce formation of receptor complexes in a cell-specific manner, emphasizing context specificity. Understanding these cell-specific signalosomes and their regulation in kidney disease is crucial to unravelling the pathophysiological relevance of coagulation regulators in renal disease. In addition, the clinical availability of small molecule targeted anticoagulants as well as the development of PAR antagonists increases the need for in-depth knowledge of the mechanisms through which coagulation proteases might regulate renal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thati Madhusudhan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany
| | - Bryce A Kerlin
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, W325 Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany
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24
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Urbschat A, Rupprecht K, Zacharowski K, Obermüller N, Scheller B, Holfeld J, Tepeköylü C, Hofmann R, Paulus P. Combined peri-ischemic administration of Bβ15-42 in treating ischemia reperfusion injury of the mouse kidney. Microvasc Res 2015; 101:48-54. [PMID: 26116861 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of endothelial integrity is a crucial step for the development of vascular leakage and consequently ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Regarding the molecular cell-cell interaction, the fibrinopeptide Bβ15-42 prevents vascular leakage by stabilizing the inter-endothelial junctions via association with the vascular endothelial-cadherin. In a previous study we showed that a renoprotective effect in early IRI may be achieved by intravenous administration of Bβ15-42 at the time of reperfusion. We now aimed to investigate whether additional pre-ischemic application of Bβ15-42 could enhance this effect. Therefore C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 0.5h bilateral renal ischemia followed by reperfusion. The animals were randomized into 6 groups (n=6): two control groups treated with i.v. administration of NaCl at reperfusion for 0.5h (NaCl 1h) and 2.5h (NaCl 3h), two groups with Bβ15-42 at reperfusion for 0.5h (Bβ(rep) 1h) and 2.5h (Bβ(rep) 3h), and two groups with administration of Bβ15-42 immediately pre-ischemic as well as at reperfusion for 0.5h (Bβ(peri) 1h) and 2.5h (Bβ(peri) 3h). We found that both Bβ(rep) and Bβ(peri) mice displayed reduced early renal damage compared with NaCl treated mice. However, there was no further reduction of the IR damage through added pre-ischemic application of Bβ15-42. Overall, we detected significantly reduced endothelial activation, lower tissue infiltration of neutrophils as well as lower tissue levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in all mice treated with Bβ15-42 compared to mice treated with NaCl. Our data confirm the renoprotective effect of Bβ15-42 in the early therapeutic treatment of acute kidney injury due to ischemia and reperfusion. However, a combined pre-and post-ischemic administration of Bβ15-42 appears to provide no additional benefit compared with a sole administration at reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Urbschat
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
| | - Katrin Rupprecht
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas Obermüller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Center of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Can Tepeköylü
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Hofmann
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Paulus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abdel-Rahman EM, Okusa MD. Effects of Aging on Renal Function and Regenerative Capacity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 127:15-20. [DOI: 10.1159/000363708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fibrinogen alpha chain precursor and apolipoprotein A-I in urine as biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: a proteomics study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:415651. [PMID: 25147800 PMCID: PMC4132411 DOI: 10.1155/2014/415651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is the most common urological disease, but noninvasive and convenient methods of diagnosis are rarely available. Objective. The present study aimed to identify potential urine biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of CaOx nephrolithiasis. Methodology. Urine samples from 72 patients with CaOx nephrolithiasis and 30 healthy controls were collected and proteomics analysis was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS). Results. Thirteen proteins/peptides displayed statistically significant differences. The peptides of m/z 1207.23 and 2773.86 were selected by the genetic algorithm (GA) to build a possible diagnostic model. The area under the curve of m/z 1207.23 and 2773.86 was 0.936 and 0.987, respectively. The diagnostic model in distinguishing patients and healthy subjects showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The peak at m/z 2773.86 was identified as fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA) with the sequence G.EGDFLAEGGGVR.G, and the peak at m/z 2773.86 was identified as apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with the sequence L.PVLESFKVSFLSALEEYTKKLNTQ. Conclusion. The study results strongly suggested that urinary FGA and apoA-I are highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of CaOx nephrolithiasis.
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Zhang Q, Davis KJ, Hoffmann D, Vaidya VS, Brown RP, Goering PL. Urinary biomarkers track the progression of nephropathy in hypertensive and obese rats. Biomark Med 2014; 8:85-94. [PMID: 24325231 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury can be used to monitor the progression of chronic kidney injury in a rat model of hypertension and obesity. MATERIALS & METHODS A suite of novel urinary biomarkers were used to track the progression of kidney damage in SHROB and SHR-lean rats. RESULTS Urinary albumin, NAG, clusterin, osteopontin, RPA-1 and fibrinogen levels were significantly elevated over time and were closely associated with the severity of histopathologically determined nephropathy in both SHROB and SHR-lean rats. CONCLUSION Urinary biomarkers, such as albumin, fibrinogen, NAG, clusterin, RPA-1 and osteopontin, may serve as useful tools to track the progression of chronic kidney disease associated with hypertension and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Center for Devices & Radiological Health, US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Pellegrini KL, Han T, Bijol V, Saikumar J, Craciun FL, Chen WW, Fuscoe JC, Vaidya VS. MicroRNA-155 deficient mice experience heightened kidney toxicity when dosed with cisplatin. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:484-92. [PMID: 25015656 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nephrotoxicity limits the maximum achievable dosage and treatment intervals for cisplatin chemotherapy. Therefore, identifying mechanisms that regulate this toxicity could offer novel methods to optimize cisplatin delivery. MicroRNAs are capable of regulating many different genes, and can influence diverse cellular processes, including cell death and apoptosis. We previously observed miR-155 to be highly increased following ischemic or toxic injury to the kidneys and, therefore, sought to determine whether mice deficient in miR-155 would respond differently to kidney injury. We treated C57BL/6 and miR-155(-/-) mice with 20 mg/kg of cisplatin and found a significantly higher level of kidney injury in the miR-155(-/-) mice. Genome-wide expression profiling and bioinformatic analysis indicated the activation of a number of canonical signaling pathways relating to apoptosis and oxidative stress over the course of the injury, and identified potential upstream regulators of these effects. One predicted upstream regulator was c-Fos, which has two confirmed miR-155 binding sites in its 3' UTR and, therefore, can be directly regulated by miR-155. We established that the miR-155(-/-) mice had significantly higher levels of c-Fos mRNA and protein than the C57BL/6 mice at 72 h after cisplatin exposure. These data indicate a role for miR-155 in the cisplatin response and suggest that targeting of c-Fos could be investigated to reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Pellegrini
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tao Han
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Vanesa Bijol
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janani Saikumar
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florin L Craciun
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William W Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James C Fuscoe
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Craciun FL, Ajay AK, Hoffmann D, Saikumar J, Fabian SL, Bijol V, Humphreys BD, Vaidya VS. Pharmacological and genetic depletion of fibrinogen protects from kidney fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F471-84. [PMID: 25007874 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00189.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen (Fg) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several fibrotic disorders by acting as a profibrotic ligand for a variety of cellular surface receptors and by modulating the provisional fibrin matrix formed after injury. We demonstrated increased renal Fg expression after unilateral ureteral obstruction and folic acid (FA) nephropathy in mice, respectively. Urinary Fg excretion was also increased in FA nephropathy. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, our results suggested that IL-6 mediates STAT3 activation in kidney fibrosis and that phosphorylated (p)STAT3 binds to Fgα, Fgβ, and Fgγ promoters in the kidney to regulate their transcription. Genetically modified Fg heterozygous mice (∼75% of normal plasma Fg levels) exhibited only 3% kidney interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy after FA nephropathy compared with 24% for wild-type mice. Fibrinogenolysis through Ancrod administration after FA reduced interstitial fibrosis more than threefold compared with vehicle-treated control mice. Mechanistically, we show that Fg acts synergistically with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 to induce fibroblast proliferation and activates TGF-β1/pSMAD2 signaling. This study offers increased understanding of Fg expression and molecular interactions with TGF-β1 in the progression to kidney fibrosis and, importantly, indicates that fibrinogenolytics like Ancrod present a treatment opportunity for a yet intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin L Craciun
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amrendra K Ajay
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dana Hoffmann
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janani Saikumar
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven L Fabian
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanesa Bijol
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
The mammalian kidney has an intrinsic ability to repair after significant injury. However, this process is inefficient: patients are at high risk for the loss of kidney function in later life. No therapy exists to treat established acute kidney injury (AKI) per se: strategies to promote endogenous repair processes and retard associated fibrosis are a high priority. Whole-organ gene expression profiling has been used to identify repair responses initiated with AKI, and factors that may promote the transition from AKI to chronic kidney disease. Transcriptional profiling has shown molecular markers and potential regulatory pathways of renal repair. Activation of a few key developmental pathways has been reported during repair. Whether these are comparable networks with similar target genes with those in earlier nephrogenesis remains unclear. Altered microRNA profiles, persistent tubular injury responses, and distinct late inflammatory responses highlight continuing kidney pathology. Additional insights into injury and repair processes will be gained by study of the repair transcriptome and cell-specific translatome using high-resolution technologies such as RNA sequencing and translational profiling tailored to specific cellular compartments within the kidney. An enhanced understanding holds promise for both the identification of novel therapeutic targets and biomarker-based evaluation of the damage-repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
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31
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Maluf DG, Dumur CI, Suh JL, Lee JK, Cathro EP, King AL, Gallon L, Brayman KL, Mas VR. Evaluation of molecular profiles in calcineurin inhibitor toxicity post-kidney transplant: input to chronic allograft dysfunction. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1152-1163. [PMID: 24698514 PMCID: PMC4377109 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of calcineurin inhibitor toxicity (CNIT) in kidney transplantation (KT) and its contribution to chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) with interstitial fibrosis (IF) and tubular atrophy (TA) were evaluated by: (1) identifying specific CNIT molecular pathways that associate with allograft injury (cross-sectional study) and (2) assessing the contribution of the identified CNIT signature in the progression to CAD with IF/TA (longitudinal study). Kidney biopsies from well-selected transplant recipients with histological diagnosis of CNIT (n = 14), acute rejection (n = 13) and CAD with IF/TA (n = 10) were evaluated. Normal allografts (n = 18) were used as controls. To test CNIT contribution to CAD progression, an independent set of biopsies (n = 122) from 61 KT patients collected at 3 and ~12 months post-KT (range = 9-18) were evaluated. Patients were classified based on 2-year post-KT graft function and histological findings as progressors (n = 30) or nonprogressors to CAD (n = 31). Molecular signatures characterizing CNIT samples were identified. Patients classified as progressors showed an overlap of 7% and 22% with the CNIT signature at 3 and at ~12 months post-KT, respectively, while the overlap was <1% and 1% in nonprogressor patients, showing CNIT at the molecular level as a nonimmunological factor involved in the progression to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- DG Maluf
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery PO Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679
| | - CI Dumur
- University of Virginia, Department of Pathology PO Box 800904, VA 22908-0214
| | - JL Suh
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery PO Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679
| | - JK Lee
- University of Virginia, Division of Biostatistics PO Box 800717, VA 22298-0717
| | - EP Cathro
- University of Virginia, Department of Pathology PO Box 800904, VA 22908-0214
| | - AL King
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Division of Nephrology PO Box 980662, VA 23298-0662
| | - L Gallon
- Northwestern University, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center Chicago, IL 60611
| | - KL Brayman
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery PO Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679
| | - VR Mas
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery PO Box 800679, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679
- Corresponding author: Valeria Mas, Ph.D. Associate Professor Research Surgery Co-Director Transplant Research Director Translational Genomics Transplant Laboratory Transplant Division, Department of Surgery University of Virginia PO Box 800679 Charlottesville, VA 22908-0679
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Hibert P, Prunier-Mirebeau D, Beseme O, Chwastyniak M, Tamareille S, Pinet F, Prunier F. Modifications in rat plasma proteome after remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) stimulus: identification by a SELDI-TOF-MS approach. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85669. [PMID: 24454915 PMCID: PMC3890329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning’s (RIPC) ability to render the myocardium resistant to subsequent prolonged ischemia is now clearly established in different species, including humans. Strong evidence suggests that circulating humoral mediators play a key role in signal transduction, but their identities still need to be established. Our study sought to identify potential circulating RIPC mediators using a proteomic approach. Rats were exposed to 10-min limb ischemia followed by 5- (RIPC 5′) or 10-min (RIPC 10′) reperfusion prior to blood sampling. The control group only underwent blood sampling. Plasma samples were isolated for proteomic analysis using surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization - time of flight - mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). A total of seven proteins, including haptoglobin and transthyretin, were detected as up- or down-regulated in response to RIPC. These proteins had previously been identified as associated with organ protection, anti-inflammation, and various cellular and molecular responses to ischemia. In conclusion, this study indicates that RIPC results in significant modulations of plasma proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hibert
- L’UNAM Université, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, Laboratoire Cardioprotection Remodelage et Thrombose, Angers, France
| | - Delphine Prunier-Mirebeau
- L’UNAM Université, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, INSERM U771, CNRS UMR 6214, CHU Angers, Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Angers, France
| | - Olivia Beseme
- INSERM, U744, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Maggy Chwastyniak
- INSERM, U744, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Tamareille
- L’UNAM Université, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, Laboratoire Cardioprotection Remodelage et Thrombose, Angers, France
| | - Florence Pinet
- INSERM, U744, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, IFR142, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- L’UNAM Université, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, Laboratoire Cardioprotection Remodelage et Thrombose, Angers, France
- CHU Angers, Service de Cardiologie, Angers, France
- * E-mail:
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Urbschat A, Zacharowski K, Obermüller N, Rupprecht K, Penzkofer D, Jennewein C, Tran N, Scheller B, Dimmeler S, Paulus P. The small fibrinopeptide Bβ15-42 as renoprotective agent preserving the endothelial and vascular integrity in early ischemia reperfusion injury in the mouse kidney. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84432. [PMID: 24392138 PMCID: PMC3879329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the renal endothelial integrity is pivotal for the development of a vascular leak, tissue edema and consequently acute kidney injury. Kidney ischemia amplifies endothelial activation and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms. After restoring a sufficient blood flow, the kidney is damaged through complex pathomechanisms that are classically referred to as ischemia and reperfusion injury, where the disruption of the inter-endothelial connections seems to be a crucial step in this pathomechanism. Focusing on the molecular cell-cell interaction, the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 prevents vascular leakage by stabilizing these inter-endothelial junctions. The peptide associates with vascular endothelial-cadherin, thus preventing early kidney dysfunction by preserving blood perfusion efficacy, edema formation and thus organ dysfunction. We intended to demonstrate the early therapeutic benefit of intravenously administered Bβ15–42 in a mouse model of renal ischemia and reperfusion. After 30 minutes of ischemia, the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 was administered intravenously before reperfusion was commenced for 1 and 3 hours. We show that Bβ15–42 alleviates early functional and morphological kidney damage as soon as 1 h and 3 h after ischemia and reperfusion. Mice treated with Bβ15–42 displayed a significantly reduced loss of VE-cadherin, indicating a conserved endothelial barrier leading to less neutrophil infiltration which in turn resulted in significantly reduced structural renal damage. The significant reduction in tissue and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels reinforced our findings. Moreover, renal perfusion analysis by color duplex sonography revealed that Bβ15–42 treatment preserved resistive indices and even improved blood velocity. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of early therapeutic intervention using the fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42 in the treatment of acute kidney injury resulting from ischemia and reperfusion. In this context Bβ15–42 may act as a potent renoprotective agent by preserving the endothelial and vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Urbschat
- Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas Obermüller
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Rupprecht
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Penzkofer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carla Jennewein
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nguyen Tran
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Paulus
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Veuthey T, Hoffmann D, Vaidya VS, Wessling-Resnick M. Impaired renal function and development in Belgrade rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 306:F333-43. [PMID: 24226520 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00285.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Belgrade rats carry a disabling mutation in the iron transporter divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). Although DMT1 plays a major role in intestinal iron absorption, the transporter is also highly expressed in the kidney, where its function remains unknown. The goal of this study was to characterize renal physiology of Belgrade rats. Male Belgrade rats died prematurely with ∼50% survival at 20 wk of age. Necropsy results indicated marked glomerular nephritis and chronic end-stage renal disease. By 15 wk of age, Belgrade rats displayed altered renal morphology associated with sclerosis and fibrosis. Creatinine clearance was significantly lower compared with heterozygote littermates. Urinary biomarkers of kidney injury, including albumin, fibrinogen, and kidney injury molecule-1, were significantly elevated. Pilot morphological studies suggest that nephrogenesis is delayed in Belgrade rat pups due to their low iron status and fetal growth restriction. Such defects in renal development most likely underlie the compromised renal metabolism observed in adult b/b rats. Belgrade rat kidney nonheme iron levels were not different from controls but urinary iron and transferrin levels were higher. These results further implicate an important role for the transporter in kidney function not only in iron reabsorption but also in glomerular filtration of the serum protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Veuthey
- Dept. of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115.
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Campion S, Aubrecht J, Boekelheide K, Brewster DW, Vaidya VS, Anderson L, Burt D, Dere E, Hwang K, Pacheco S, Saikumar J, Schomaker S, Sigman M, Goodsaid F. The current status of biomarkers for predicting toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1391-408. [PMID: 23961847 PMCID: PMC3870154 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.827170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are significant rates of attrition in drug development. A number of compounds fail to progress past preclinical development due to limited tools that accurately monitor toxicity in preclinical studies and in the clinic. Research has focused on improving tools for the detection of organ-specific toxicity through the identification and characterization of biomarkers of toxicity. AREAS COVERED This article reviews what we know about emerging biomarkers in toxicology, with a focus on the 2012 Northeast Society of Toxicology meeting titled 'Translational Biomarkers in Toxicology.' The areas covered in this meeting are summarized and include biomarkers of testicular injury and dysfunction, emerging biomarkers of kidney injury and translation of emerging biomarkers from preclinical species to human populations. The authors also provide a discussion about the biomarker qualification process and possible improvements to this process. EXPERT OPINION There is currently a gap between the scientific work in the development and qualification of novel biomarkers for nonclinical drug safety assessment and how these biomarkers are actually used in drug safety assessment. A clear and efficient path to regulatory acceptance is needed so that breakthroughs in the biomarker toolkit for nonclinical drug safety assessment can be utilized to aid in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Campion
- Principal Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274 1260, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jiri Aubrecht
- Senior Director, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274-1424, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Professor of Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - David W Brewster
- Vice-President, Global Head Drug Safety Evaluation, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 130 Waverly Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Assistant Professor of Medicine and Environmental Health, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Renal Division, Department of Environmental Health, Rm 510, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linnea Anderson
- Graduate Student, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deborah Burt
- Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274- 1234, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Edward Dere
- Postdoctoral Associate, Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kathleen Hwang
- Assistant Professor, Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sara Pacheco
- Graduate Student, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Janani Saikumar
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Rm 510, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shelli Schomaker
- Principal Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274-1227, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Mark Sigman
- Chief of Urology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Federico Goodsaid
- Vice President, Strategic Regulatory Intelligence, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1050 K Street NW, Suite 1125, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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Grigoryev DN, Cheranova DI, Heruth DP, Huang P, Zhang LQ, Rabb H, Ye SQ. Meta-analysis of molecular response of kidney to ischemia reperfusion injury for the identification of new candidate genes. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:231. [PMID: 24152794 PMCID: PMC4016589 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulated to-date microarray data on ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) of kidney represent a powerful source for identifying new targets and mechanisms of kidney IRI. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of gene expression profiles of kidney IRI in human, pig, rat, and mouse models, using a new scoring method to correct for the bias of overrepresented species. The gene expression profiles were obtained from the public repositories for 24 different models. After filtering against inclusion criteria 21 experimental settings were selected for meta-analysis and were represented by 11 rat models, 6 mouse models, and 2 models each for pig and human, with a total of 150 samples. Meta-analysis was conducted using expression-based genome-wide association study (eGWAS). The eGWAS results were corrected for a rodent species bias using a new weighted scoring algorithm, which favors genes with unidirectional change in expression in all tested species. RESULTS Our meta-analysis corrected for a species bias, identified 46 upregulated and 1 downregulated genes, of which 26 (55%) were known to be associated with kidney IRI or kidney transplantation, including LCN2, CCL2, CXCL1, HMOX1, ICAM1, ANXA1, and TIMP1, which justified our approach. Pathway analysis of our candidates identified "Acute renal failure panel" as the most implicated pathway, which further validates our new method. Among new IRI candidates were 10 novel (<5 published reports related to kidney IRI) and 11 new candidates (0 reports related to kidney IRI) including the most prominent candidates ANXA2, CLDN4, and TYROBP. The cross-species expression pattern of these genes allowed us to generate three workable hypotheses of kidney IRI, one of which was confirmed by an additional study. CONCLUSIONS Our first in the field kidney IRI meta-analysis of 150 microarray samples, corrected for a species bias, identified 10 novel and 11 new candidate genes. Moreover, our new meta-analysis correction method improved gene candidate selection by identifying genes that are model and species independent, as a result, function of these genes can be directly extrapolated to the disease state in human and facilitate translation of potential diagnostic or therapeutic properties of these candidates to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry N Grigoryev
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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Ajay AK, Kim TM, Ramirez-Gonzalez V, Park PJ, Frank DA, Vaidya VS. A bioinformatics approach identifies signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and checkpoint kinase 1 as upstream regulators of kidney injury molecule-1 after kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 25:105-18. [PMID: 24158981 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)/T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing protein-1 (TIM-1) is upregulated more than other proteins after AKI, and it is highly expressed in renal damage of various etiologies. In this capacity, KIM-1/TIM-1 acts as a phosphatidylserine receptor on the surface of injured proximal tubular epithelial cells, mediating phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, and it may also act as a costimulatory molecule for immune cells. Despite recognition of KIM-1 as an important therapeutic target for kidney disease, the regulators of KIM-1 transcription in the kidney remain unknown. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified upstream regulators of KIM-1 after AKI. In response to tubular injury in rat and human kidneys or oxidant stress in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HPTECs), KIM-1 expression increased significantly in a manner that corresponded temporally and regionally with increased phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and STAT3. Both ischemic and oxidant stress resulted in a dramatic increase in reactive oxygen species that phosphorylated and activated Chk1, which subsequently bound to STAT3, phosphorylating it at S727. Furthermore, STAT3 bound to the KIM-1 promoter after ischemic and oxidant stress, and pharmacological or genetic induction of STAT3 in HPTECs increased KIM-1 mRNA and protein levels. Conversely, inhibition of STAT3 using siRNAs or dominant negative mutants reduced KIM-1 expression in a kidney cancer cell line (769-P) that expresses high basal levels of KIM-1. These observations highlight Chk1 and STAT3 as critical upstream regulators of KIM-1 expression after AKI and may suggest novel approaches for therapeutic intervention.
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Sörensen-Zender I, Rong S, Susnik N, Lange J, Gueler F, Degen JL, Melk A, Haller H, Schmitt R. Role of fibrinogen in acute ischemic kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F777-85. [PMID: 23804451 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00418.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is associated with activation of the coagulation system and accumulation of blood clotting factors in the kidney. The aim of the present study was to examine the functional impact of fibrinogen on renal inflammation, damage, and repair in the context of I/R injury. In this study, we found that I/R was associated with a significant increase in the renal deposition of circulating fibrinogen. In parallel, I/R stress induced the de novo expression of fibrinogen in tubular epithelial cells, as reflected by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and in situ hybridization. In vitro, fibrinogen expression was induced by oncostatin M and hyper-IL-6 in primary tubular epithelial cells, and fibrinogen-containing medium had an inhibitory effect on tubular epithelial cell adhesion and migration. Fibrinogen(+/-) mice showed similar survival as wild-type mice but better preservation in early postischemic renal function. In fibrinogen(-/-) mice, renal function and survival were significantly worse than in fibrinogen(+/-) mice. Renal transplant experiments revealed reduced expression of tubular damage markers and attenuated proinflammatory cytokine expression but increased inflammatory cell infiltrates and transforming growth factor-β expression in fibrinogen(-/-) isografts. These data point to heterogeneous effects of fibrinogen in renal I/R injury. While a complete lack of fibrinogen may be detrimental, partial reduction of fibrinogen in heterozygous mice can improve renal function and overall outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sörensen-Zender
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
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The Fibrin-Derived Peptide Bβ15-42 Attenuates Liver Damage in a Rat Model of Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Shock 2013; 39:397-403. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31828c2b75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang C, Taciroglu A, Maetschke SR, Nelson CC, Ragan MA, Davis MJ. mCOPA: analysis of heterogeneous features in cancer expression data. J Clin Bioinforma 2012; 2:22. [PMID: 23216803 PMCID: PMC3553066 DOI: 10.1186/2043-9113-2-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer outlier profile analysis (COPA) has proven to be an effective approach to analyzing cancer expression data, leading to the discovery of the TMPRSS2 and ETS family gene fusion events in prostate cancer. However, the original COPA algorithm did not identify down-regulated outliers, and the currently available R package implementing the method is similarly restricted to the analysis of over-expressed outliers. Here we present a modified outlier detection method, mCOPA, which contains refinements to the outlier-detection algorithm, identifies both over- and under-expressed outliers, is freely available, and can be applied to any expression dataset. Results We compare our method to other feature-selection approaches, and demonstrate that mCOPA frequently selects more-informative features than do differential expression or variance-based feature selection approaches, and is able to recover observed clinical subtypes more consistently. We demonstrate the application of mCOPA to prostate cancer expression data, and explore the use of outliers in clustering, pathway analysis, and the identification of tumour suppressors. We analyse the under-expressed outliers to identify known and novel prostate cancer tumour suppressor genes, validating these against data in Oncomine and the Cancer Gene Index. We also demonstrate how a combination of outlier analysis and pathway analysis can identify molecular mechanisms disrupted in individual tumours. Conclusions We demonstrate that mCOPA offers advantages, compared to differential expression or variance, in selecting outlier features, and that the features so selected are better able to assign samples to clinically annotated subtypes. Further, we show that the biology explored by outlier analysis differs from that uncovered in differential expression or variance analysis. mCOPA is an important new tool for the exploration of cancer datasets and the discovery of new cancer subtypes, and can be combined with pathway and functional analysis approaches to discover mechanisms underpinning heterogeneity in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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Wei Q, Dong Z. Mouse model of ischemic acute kidney injury: technical notes and tricks. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1487-94. [PMID: 22993069 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00352.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion leads to acute kidney injury (AKI), a major kidney disease associated with an increasing prevalence and high mortality rates. A variety of experimental models, both in vitro and in vivo, have been used to study the pathogenic mechanisms of ischemic AKI and to test renoprotective strategies. Among them, the mouse model of renal clamping is popular, mainly due to the availability of transgenic models and the relatively small animal size for drug testing. However, the mouse model is generally less stable, resulting in notable variations in results. Here, we describe a detailed protocol of the mouse model of bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion. We share the lessons and experiences gained from our laboratory in the past decade. We further discuss the technical issues that account for the variability of this model and offer relevant solutions, which may help other investigators to establish a well-controlled, reliable animal model of ischemic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wei
- Dept. of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences Univ., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Heterozygosity for fibrinogen results in efficient resolution of kidney ischemia reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45628. [PMID: 23029147 PMCID: PMC3446934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen (Fg) has been recognized to play a central role in coagulation, inflammation and tissue regeneration. Several studies have used Fg deficient mice (Fg(-/-)) in comparison with heterozygous mice (Fg(+/-)) to point the proinflammatory role of Fg in diverse pathological conditions and disease states. Although Fg(+/-) mice are considered 'normal', plasma Fg is reduced to ~75% of the normal circulating levels present in wild type mice (Fg(+/+)). We report that this reduction in Fg protein production in the Fg(+/-) mice is enough to protect them from kidney ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) as assessed by tubular injury, kidney dysfunction, necrosis, apoptosis and inflammatory immune cell infiltration. Mechanistically, we observed binding of Fg to ICAM-1 in kidney tissues of Fg(+/+) mice at 24 h following IRI as compared to a complete absence of binding observed in the Fg(+/-) and Fg(-/-) mice. Raf-1 and ERK were highly activated as evident by significantly higher phosphorylation in the Fg(+/+) kidneys at 24 h following IRI as compared to Fg(+/-) and Fg(-/-) mice kidneys. On the other hand Cyclin D1 and pRb, indicating higher cell proliferation, were significantly increased in the Fg(+/-) and Fg(-/-) as compared to Fg(+/+) kidneys. These data suggest that Fg heterozygosity allows maintenance of a critical balance of Fg that enables regression of initial injury and promotes faster resolution of kidney damage.
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Wu D, Qi G, Wang X, Xu M, Rong R, Wang X, Zhu T. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation induces immunologic tolerance in renal transplant patients via modulation of inflammatory and repair processes. J Transl Med 2012; 10:182. [PMID: 22938596 PMCID: PMC3507650 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inducing donor-specific tolerance in renal transplant patients could potentially prevent allograft rejection and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity. Combined kidney and hematopoietic stem cell transplant from an HLA-matched donor is an exploratory and promising therapy to induce immune tolerance. Investigtion of molecular mechanisms involved in the disease is needed to understand the potential process of cell therapy and develop strategies to prevent this immunologic rejection. Methods We enrolled nine patients in a clinical study in which cryopreserved donor hematopoietic stem cells were infused on days 2, 4, and 6 after kidney transplantation. One month post-transplant, 4 plasma samples were collected from combined transplants (C + Tx), and 8 plasma samples from patients with kidney transplantation alone (Tx). High abundance proteins in plasma were depleted and the two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with iTRAQ labeling was utilized to identify the protein profiling between the two groups. Clusters of up- and down-regulated protein profiles were submitted to MetaCore for the construction of transcriptional factors and regulation networks. Results and Discussion Among the 179 identified proteins, 65 proteins were found in C + Tx with at least a 2-fold change as compared with Tx. A subset of proteins related to the complement and coagulation cascade, including complement C3a,complement C5a, precrusors to fibrinogen alpha and beta chains,was significantly downregulated in C + Tx. Meanwhile, Apolipoprotein-A1(ApoA1), ApoC1, ApoA2, ApoE, and ApoB were significantly lower in Tx compared to C + Tx. Gene ontology analysis showed that the dominant processes of differentially expressed proteins were associated with the inflammatory response and positive regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling. Conclusions Thus, our study provides new insight into the molecular events in the hematopoietic stem cell-induced immunologic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duojiao Wu
- Qingpu Branch, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Hoffmann D, Bijol V, Krishnamoorthy A, Gonzalez VR, Frendl G, Zhang Q, Goering PL, Brown RP, Waikar SS, Vaidya VS. Fibrinogen excretion in the urine and immunoreactivity in the kidney serves as a translational biomarker for acute kidney injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:818-28. [PMID: 22819533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen (Fg) is significantly up-regulated in the kidney after acute kidney injury (AKI). We evaluated the performance of Fg as a biomarker for early detection of AKI. In rats and mice with kidney tubular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or cisplatin administration, respectively; kidney tissue and urinary Fg increased significantly and correlated with histopathological injury, urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) corresponding to the progression and regression of injury temporally. In a longitudinal follow-up of 31 patients who underwent surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, urinary Fg increased earlier than SCr in patients who developed postoperative AKI (AUC-ROC = 0.72). Furthermore, in a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven AKI (n = 53), Fg immunoreactivity in the tubules and interstitium increased remarkably and was able to distinguish patients with AKI from those without AKI (n = 59). These results suggest that immunoreactivity of Fg in the kidney, as well as urinary excretion of Fg, serves as a sensitive and early diagnostic translational biomarker for detection of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hoffmann
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rouse R, Siwy J, Mullen W, Mischak H, Metzger J, Hanig J. Proteomic candidate biomarkers of drug-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34606. [PMID: 22509332 PMCID: PMC3324487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved biomarkers of acute nephrotoxicity are coveted by the drug development industry, regulatory agencies, and clinicians. In an effort to identify such biomarkers, urinary peptide profiles of rats treated with two different nephrotoxins were investigated. 493 marker candidates were defined that showed a significant response to cis-platin comparing a cis-platin treated cohort to controls. Next, urine samples from rats that received three consecutive daily doses of 150 or 300 mg/kg gentamicin were examined. 557 potential biomarkers were initially identified; 108 of these gentamicin-response markers showed a clear temporal response to treatment. 39 of the cisplatin-response markers also displayed a clear response to gentamicin. Of the combined 147 peptides, 101 were similarly regulated by gentamicin or cis-platin and 54 could be identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Most were collagen type I and type III fragments up-regulated in response to gentamicin treatment. Based on these peptides, classification models were generated and validated in a longitudinal study. In agreement with histopathology, the observed changes in classification scores were transient, initiated after the first dose, and generally persistent over a period of 10–20 days before returning to control levels. The data support the hypothesis that gentamicin-induced renal toxicity up-regulates protease activity, resulting in an increase in several specific urinary collagen fragments. Urinary proteomic biomarkers identified here, especially those common to both nephrotoxins, may serve as a valuable tool to investigate potential new drug candidates for the risk of nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Rouse
- Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America.
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