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Schiroli G, Kartha V, Duarte FM, Kristiansen TA, Mayerhofer C, Shrestha R, Earl A, Hu Y, Tay T, Rhee C, Buenrostro JD, Scadden DT. Cell of origin epigenetic priming determines susceptibility to Tet2 mutation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4325. [PMID: 38773071 PMCID: PMC11109152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mutations can result in clonal hematopoiesis (CH) with heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Here, we investigate how the cell state preceding Tet2 mutation impacts the pre-malignant phenotype. Using an inducible system for clonal analysis of myeloid progenitors, we find that the epigenetic features of clones at similar differentiation status are highly heterogeneous and functionally respond differently to Tet2 mutation. Cell differentiation stage also influences Tet2 mutation response indicating that the cell of origin's epigenome modulates clone-specific behaviors in CH. Molecular features associated with higher risk outcomes include Sox4 that sensitizes cells to Tet2 inactivation, inducing dedifferentiation, altered metabolism and increasing the in vivo clonal output of mutant cells, as confirmed in primary GMP and HSC models. Our findings validate the hypothesis that epigenetic features can predispose specific clones for dominance, explaining why identical genetic mutations can result in different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Schiroli
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Vinay Kartha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Fabiana M Duarte
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Trine A Kristiansen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Christina Mayerhofer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Rojesh Shrestha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Andrew Earl
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Tristan Tay
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Catherine Rhee
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen J, Wang J, Hua H, Jiang Y. cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling and cancer: the interplay in tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38233872 PMCID: PMC10792844 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from abnormal cell growth that is induced by a number of genetic and environmental factors. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which involves extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), tumor-infiltrating immune cells and angiogenesis, plays a critical role in tumor progression. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger that has pleiotropic effects on the TME. The downstream effectors of cAMP include cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) and ion channels. While cAMP can activate PKA or EPAC and promote cancer cell growth, it can also inhibit cell proliferation and survival in context- and cancer type-dependent manner. Tumor-associated stromal cells, such as CAF and immune cells, can release cytokines and growth factors that either stimulate or inhibit cAMP production within the TME. Recent studies have shown that targeting cAMP signaling in the TME has therapeutic benefits in cancer. Small-molecule agents that inhibit adenylate cyclase and PKA have been shown to inhibit tumor growth. In addition, cAMP-elevating agents, such as forskolin, can not only induce cancer cell death, but also directly inhibit cell proliferation in some cancer types. In this review, we summarize current understanding of cAMP signaling in cancer biology and immunology and discuss the basis for its context-dependent dual role in oncogenesis. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which cAMP and the TME interact in cancer will be critical for the development of effective therapies. Future studies aimed at investigating the cAMP-cancer axis and its regulation in the TME may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Yan M, Liu M, Davis AG, Stoner SA, Zhang DE. Single-cell RNA sequencing of a new transgenic t(8;21) preleukemia mouse model reveals regulatory networks promoting leukemic transformation. Leukemia 2024; 38:31-44. [PMID: 37838757 PMCID: PMC10776403 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
T(8;21)(q22;q22), which generates the AML1-ETO fusion oncoprotein, is a common chromosomal abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Despite having favorable prognosis, 40% of patients will relapse, highlighting the need for innovative models and application of the newest technologies to study t(8;21) leukemogenesis. Currently, available AML1-ETO mouse models have limited utility for studying the pre-leukemic stage because AML1-ETO produces mild hematopoietic phenotypes and no leukemic transformation. Conversely, overexpression of a truncated variant, AML1-ETO9a (AE9a), promotes fully penetrant leukemia and is too potent for studying pre-leukemic changes. To overcome these limitations, we devised a germline-transmitted Rosa26 locus AE9a knock-in mouse model that moderately overexpressed AE9a and developed leukemia with long latency and low penetrance. We observed pre-leukemic alterations in AE9a mice, including skewing of progenitors towards granulocyte/monocyte lineages and replating of stem and progenitor cells. Next, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to identify specific cell populations that contribute to these pre-leukemic phenotypes. We discovered a subset of common myeloid progenitors that have heightened granulocyte/monocyte bias in AE9a mice. We also observed dysregulation of key hematopoietic transcription factor target gene networks, blocking cellular differentiation. Finally, we identified Sox4 activation as a potential contributor to stem cell self-renewal during the pre-leukemic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mengdan Liu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda G Davis
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel A Stoner
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Hu YX, Jing Q. Zebrafish: a convenient tool for myelopoiesis research. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:2. [PMID: 36595106 PMCID: PMC9810781 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Myelopoiesis is the process in which the mature myeloid cells, including monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes, are developed. Irregular myelopoiesis may cause and deteriorate a variety of hematopoietic malignancies such as leukemia. Myeloid cells and their precursors are difficult to capture in circulation, let alone observe them in real time. For decades, researchers had to face these difficulties, particularly in in-vivo studies. As a unique animal model, zebrafish possesses numerous advantages like body transparency and convenient genetic manipulation, which is very suitable in myelopoiesis research. Here we review current knowledge on the origin and regulation of myeloid development and how zebrafish models were applied in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Xi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Qing Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Gautvik KM, Sachse D, Hinton AC, Olstad OK, Kiel DP, Hsu YH, Utheim TP, Lary CW, Reppe S. In silico discovery of blood cell macromolecular associations. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:57. [PMID: 35879676 PMCID: PMC9317115 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical molecular interactions are the basis of intracellular signalling and gene regulatory networks, and comprehensive, accessible databases are needed for their discovery. Highly correlated transcripts may reflect important functional associations, but identification of such associations from primary data are cumbersome. We have constructed and adapted a user-friendly web application to discover and identify putative macromolecular associations in human peripheral blood based on significant correlations at the transcriptional level. Methods The blood transcriptome was characterized by quantification of 17,328 RNA species, including 341 mature microRNAs in 105 clinically well-characterized postmenopausal women. Intercorrelation of detected transcripts signal levels generated a matrix with > 150 million correlations recognizing the human blood RNA interactome. The correlations with calculated adjusted p-values were made easily accessible by a novel web application. Results We found that significant transcript correlations within the giant matrix reflect experimentally documented interactions involving select ubiquitous blood relevant transcription factors (CREB1, GATA1, and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, NR3C1)). Their responsive genes recapitulated up to 91% of these as significant correlations, and were replicated in an independent cohort of 1204 individual blood samples from the Framingham Heart Study. Furthermore, experimentally documented mRNAs/miRNA associations were also reproduced in the matrix, and their predicted functional co-expression described. The blood transcript web application is available at http://app.uio.no/med/klinmed/correlation-browser/blood/index.php and works on all commonly used internet browsers. Conclusions Using in silico analyses and a novel web application, we found that correlated blood transcripts across 105 postmenopausal women reflected experimentally proven molecular associations. Furthermore, the associations were reproduced in a much larger and more heterogeneous cohort and should therefore be generally representative. The web application lends itself to be a useful hypothesis generating tool for identification of regulatory mechanisms in complex biological data sets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-022-01077-3.
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Tregnago C, Benetton M, Da Ros A, Borella G, Longo G, Polato K, Francescato S, Biffi A, Pigazzi M. Novel Compounds Synergize With Venetoclax to Target KMT2A-Rearranged Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:820191. [PMID: 35153769 PMCID: PMC8830338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.820191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), fusions involving lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) are considered hallmarks of aggressive AML, for whom the development of targeted specific therapeutic agents to ameliorate classic chemotherapy and obtain a complete eradication of disease is urgent. In this study, we investigated the antiapoptotic proteins in a cohort of 66 pediatric AML patients, finding that 75% of the KMT2A-r are distributed in Q3 + Q4 quartiles of BCL-2 expression, and KMT2A-r have statistically significant high levels of BCL-2, phospho-BCL-2 S70, and MCL-1, indicating a high anti-apoptotic pathway activation. In an attempt to target it, we tested novel drug combinations of venetoclax, a B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitor, in KMT2A-MLLT3, for being the most recurrent, and KMT2A-AFDN, for mediating the worst prognosis, rearranged AML cell lines. Our screening revealed that both the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitor, I-BET151, and kinase inhibitor, sunitinib, decreased the BCL-2 family protein expression and significantly synergized with venetoclax, enhancing KMT2A-r AML cell line death. Blasts t (6; 11) KMT2A-AFDN rearranged, both from cell lines and primary samples, were shown to be significantly highly responsive to the combination of venetoclax and thioridazine, with the synergy being induced by a dramatic increase of mitochondrial depolarization that triggered blast apoptosis. Finally, the efficacy of novel combined drug treatments was confirmed in KMT2A-r AML cell lines or ex vivo primary KMT2A-r AML samples cultured in a three-dimensional system which mimics the bone marrow niche. Overall, this study identified that, by high-throughput screening, the most KMT2A-selective drugs converged in different but all mitochondrial apoptotic network activation, supporting the use of venetoclax in this AML setting. The novel drug combinations here unveiled provide a rationale for evaluating these combinations in preclinical studies to accelerate the introduction of targeted therapies for the life-threatening KMT2A-AML subgroup of pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tregnago
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Benetton
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ambra Da Ros
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Borella
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Longo
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Katia Polato
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Samuela Francescato
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biffi
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Pigazzi
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology and Hematopoietic Cell and Gene Therapy Division, Woman and Child Health Department, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Characterization of a genomic region 8 kb downstream of GFI1B associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166259. [PMID: 34450246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A genomic locus 8 kb downstream of the transcription factor GFI1B (Growth Factor Independence 1B) predisposes to clonal hematopoiesis and myeloproliferative neoplasms. One of the most significantly associated polymorphisms in this region is rs621940-G. GFI1B auto-represses GFI1B, and altered GFI1B expression contributes to myeloid neoplasms. We studied whether rs621940-G affects GFI1B expression and growth of immature cells. GFI1B ChIP-seq showed clear binding to the rs621940 locus. Preferential binding of various hematopoietic transcription factors to either the rs621940-C or -G allele was observed, but GFI1B showed no preference. In gene reporter assays the rs621940 region inhibited GFI1B promoter activity with the G-allele having less suppressive effects compared to the C-allele. However, CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletion of the locus in K562 cells did not alter GFI1B expression nor auto-repression. In healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells GFI1B expression did not differ consistently between the rs621940 alleles. Long range and targeted deep sequencing did not detect consistent effects of rs621940-G on allelic GFI1B expression either. Finally, we observed that myeloid colony formation was not significantly affected by either rs621940 allele in 193 healthy donors. Together, these findings show no evidence that rs621940 or its locus affect GFI1B expression, auto-repression or growth of immature myeloid cells.
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UTX maintains the functional integrity of the murine hematopoietic system by globally regulating aging-associated genes. Blood 2021; 137:908-922. [PMID: 33174606 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is essential for the maintenance of the hematopoietic system, and its deregulation is implicated in hematopoietic disorders. In this study, UTX, a demethylase for lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27) and a component of COMPASS-like and SWI/SNF complexes, played an essential role in the hematopoietic system by globally regulating aging-associated genes. Utx-deficient (UtxΔ/Δ) mice exhibited myeloid skewing with dysplasia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, impaired hematopoietic reconstituting ability, and increased susceptibility to leukemia, which are the hallmarks of hematopoietic aging. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that Utx deficiency converted the gene expression profiles of young hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) to those of aged HSPCs. Utx expression in hematopoietic stem cells declined with age, and UtxΔ/Δ HSPCs exhibited increased expression of an aging-associated marker, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and impaired repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Pathway and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses coupled with RNA-seq data indicated that UTX contributed to hematopoietic homeostasis mainly by maintaining the expression of genes downregulated with aging via demethylase-dependent and -independent epigenetic programming. Of note, comparison of pathway changes in UtxΔ/Δ HSPCs, aged muscle stem cells, aged fibroblasts, and aged induced neurons showed substantial overlap, strongly suggesting common aging mechanisms among different tissue stem cells.
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Meng XY, Zhang HZ, Ren YY, Wang KJ, Chen JF, Su R, Jiang JH, Wang P, Ma Q. Pinin promotes tumor progression via activating CREB through PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK pathway in prostate cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1286-1303. [PMID: 33948358 PMCID: PMC8085840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinin (PNN), a desmosome associated protein, was demonstrated to be over-expressed and act as a tumor-promoting factor in ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer. However, the precise role of PNN in prostate cancer is still unknown. In the study, we reported that PNN was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and PNN expression was positively associated with Gleason score, tumor stage and tumor metastasis. PNN promoted cell growth and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo, and modulated cell growth through driving G1/S transition via CDK6, CDK2, and Cyclin D1 in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, PNN accelerated cell invasion, migration and EMT processes of prostate cancer cells, accompanied with the up-regulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, Vimentin and down-regulation of E-cadherin. Mechanism study demonstrated that the proliferation- and motility-promoting effects of PNN on prostate cancer cells dependent on the activation of CREB, which was reversed by CREB inhibition. More important, PNN activated CREB via PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK pathway. Collectively, these findings indicated that PNN plays important roles in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and progression and it is a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Meng
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, The Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Hui-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ningbo Diagnostic Pathology CenterNingbo 315010, China
| | - Yi-Yue Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine and Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke-Jie Wang
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, The Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jun-Feng Chen
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, The Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Rui Su
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
- Comprehensive Urogenital Cancer Center, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jun-Hui Jiang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University#818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, The Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
- Comprehensive Urogenital Cancer Center, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital#59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, China
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Moreno CS. SOX4: The unappreciated oncogene. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:57-64. [PMID: 31445218 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SOX4 is an essential developmental transcription factor that regulates stemness, differentiation, progenitor development, and multiple developmental pathways including PI3K, Wnt, and TGFβ signaling. The SOX4 gene is frequently amplified and overexpressed in over 20 types of malignancies, and multiple lines of evidence support that notion that SOX4 is an oncogene. Its overexpression is due to both gene amplification and to activation of PI3K, Wnt, and TGFβ pathways that SOX4 regulates. SOX4 interacts with multiple other transcription factors, rendering many of its impacts on gene expression context and tissue-specific. Nevertheless, there are common themes that run through many of the effects of SOX4 hyperactivity, such as the promotion of cell survival, stemness, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, migration, and metastasis. Specific targeting of SOX4 remains a challenge for future cancer research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bldg, Rm 105J, 615 Michael St. Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Yu CY, Chang WC, Zheng JH, Hung WH, Cho EC. Transforming growth factor alpha promotes tumorigenesis and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition modulation in colon cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:901-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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You Y, Cuevas-Diaz Duran R, Jiang L, Dong X, Zong S, Snyder M, Wu JQ. An integrated global regulatory network of hematopoietic precursor cell self-renewal and differentiation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:390-405. [PMID: 29892750 PMCID: PMC6047913 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00059j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systematic study of the regulatory mechanisms of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Progenitor Cell (HSPC) self-renewal is fundamentally important for understanding hematopoiesis and for manipulating HSPCs for therapeutic purposes. Previously, we have characterized gene expression and identified important transcription factors (TFs) regulating the switch between self-renewal and differentiation in a multipotent Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell (HPC) line, EML (Erythroid, Myeloid, and Lymphoid) cells. Herein, we report binding maps for additional TFs (SOX4 and STAT3) by using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-Sequencing, to address the underlying mechanisms regulating self-renewal properties of lineage-CD34+ subpopulation (Lin-CD34+ EML cells). Furthermore, we applied the Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin (ATAC)-Sequencing to globally identify the open chromatin regions associated with TF binding in the self-renewing Lin-CD34+ EML cells. Mass spectrometry (MS) was also used to quantify protein relative expression levels. Finally, by integrating the protein-protein interaction database, we built an expanded transcriptional regulatory and interaction network. We found that MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway and TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway components were highly enriched among the binding targets of these TFs in Lin-CD34+ EML cells. The present study integrates regulatory information at multiple levels to paint a more comprehensive picture of the HSPC self-renewal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan You
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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13
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Zhou JD, Wang YX, Zhang TJ, Li XX, Gu Y, Zhang W, Ma JC, Lin J, Qian J. Identification and validation of SRY-box containing gene family member SOX30 methylation as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in myeloid malignancies. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:92. [PMID: 30002740 PMCID: PMC6034269 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylation-associated SOX family genes have been proved to be involved in multiple essential processes during carcinogenesis and act as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, staging, prediction of prognosis, and monitoring of response to therapy. Herein, we revealed SOX30 methylation and its clinical implication in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Results In the discovery stage, we identified that SOX30 methylation, a frequent event in AML, was negatively associated with SOX30 expression and correlated with overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) in cytogenetically normal AML among SOX family members from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. In the validation stage, we verified that SOX30 methylation level was significantly higher in AML even in MDS-derived AML compared to controls, whereas SOX30 hypermethylation was not a frequent event in MDS. SOX30 methylation was inversely correlated with SOX30 expression in AML patients. Survival analysis showed that SOX30 hypermethylation was negatively associated with complete remission (CR), OS, and LFS in AML, where it only affected LFS in MDS. Notably, among MDS/AML paired patients, SOX30 methylation level was significantly increased in AML stage than in MDS stage. In addition, SOX30 methylation was found to be significantly decreased in AML achieved CR when compared to diagnosis time and markedly increased in relapsed AML when compared to the CR population. Conclusions Our findings revealed that SOX30 methylation was associated with disease progression in MDS and acted as an independent prognostic and predictive biomarker in AML. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0523-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dong Zhou
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Wang
- 3Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan City, Kunshan, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Juan Zhang
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Xi Li
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gu
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China.,4Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China.,4Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, 212002 Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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14
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Dong F, Zhang G, Zhang X, Liu X, Wang N, Sun C. Aberrantly expressed transcription factors C/EBP and SOX4 have positive effects in the development of chronic myeloid leukemia. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7131-7137. [PMID: 28901467 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the expression and significance of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and SRY‑related high mobility group box containing transcription factor 4 (SOX4) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Bone marrow samples were collected from patients with CML, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from healthy controls. Protein and mRNA were extracted from the collected samples, and analyzed using western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses, respectively. Spearman's method was used to evaluate the correlation between the expression levels of these two genes, with P<0.05 considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. A total of 79 patients, including 57 patients with newly diagnosed CML and 22 patients treated with imatinib therapy, and 30 controls were enrolled. The expression of SOX4 was upregulated in the patients with CML, whereas the expression of C/EBPα was downregulated (P<0.05). However, no differences were observed among the chronic, accelerated and blastic CML phases, respectively (P>0.05). In addition, no associations were found between the changes in expression and age, gender, white blood cells or the expression of breakpoint cluster region/abelson in patients (P>0.05). However, the expression of SOX4 was negatively correlated with the expression of C/EBPα (P<0.01). Following imatinib treatment, the expression of SOX4 was downregulated in the progression‑free patients, but upregulated in the blastic phase patients, whereas the expression of C/EBPα showed the opposite trend. Therefore, C/EBPα and SOX4 were important and negatively associated with the process of CML, and the C/EBPα‑SOX4 axis may be a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dong
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Guili Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xuena Liu
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Chengming Sun
- Department of Laboratory Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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15
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Overexpression of SOX4 correlates with poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia and is leukemogenic in zebrafish. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e593. [PMID: 28841206 PMCID: PMC5596385 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The SOX4 transcription factor is a key regulator of embryonic development, cell-fate decision, cellular differentiation and oncogenesis. Abnormal expression of SOX4 is related to malignant tumor transformation and cancer metastasis. However, no reports are available regarding the clinical significance of SOX4 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the role of SOX4 in leukemogenesis. In the current study, we found that AML patients with low bone marrow (BM) SOX4 expression had higher remission rates and longer overall survival than those with high SOX4 expression, regardless of age, white blood cell count at diagnosis, karyotype profile and NPM1/FLT3-ITD status. To elucidate the role of SOX4 in leukemogenesis, we generated a transgenic zebrafish model that overexpressed human SOX4 in the myeloid lineage Tg(spi1-SOX4-EGFP). These transgenic zebrafish showed, at 5 months of age, increased myelopoiesis with dedifferentiation in kidney marrow. At 9 months of age, their kidney structure was significantly effaced and distorted by increased infiltration of myeloid progenitor cells. These results suggest that SOX4 is not only an independent prognostic factor of AML, but also an important molecular factor in leukemogenesis.
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16
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Fernando TR, Contreras JR, Zampini M, Rodriguez-Malave NI, Alberti MO, Anguiano J, Tran TM, Palanichamy JK, Gajeton J, Ung NM, Aros CJ, Waters EV, Casero D, Basso G, Pigazzi M, Rao DS. The lncRNA CASC15 regulates SOX4 expression in RUNX1-rearranged acute leukemia. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:126. [PMID: 28724437 PMCID: PMC5517805 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a variety of cellular roles, including regulation of transcription and translation, leading to alterations in gene expression. Some lncRNAs modulate the expression of chromosomally adjacent genes. Here, we assess the roles of the lncRNA CASC15 in regulation of a chromosomally nearby gene, SOX4, and its function in RUNX1/AML translocated leukemia. RESULTS CASC15 is a conserved lncRNA that was upregulated in pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with t (12; 21) as well as pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t (8; 21), both of which are associated with relatively better prognosis. Enforced expression of CASC15 led to a myeloid bias in development, and overall, decreased engraftment and colony formation. At the cellular level, CASC15 regulated cellular survival, proliferation, and the expression of its chromosomally adjacent gene, SOX4. Differentially regulated genes following CASC15 knockdown were enriched for predicted transcriptional targets of the Yin and Yang-1 (YY1) transcription factor. Interestingly, we found that CASC15 enhances YY1-mediated regulation of the SOX4 promoter. CONCLUSIONS Our findings represent the first characterization of this CASC15 in RUNX1-translocated leukemia, and point towards a mechanistic basis for its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini R Fernando
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,Present Address: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jorge R Contreras
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Ph.D. Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Matteo Zampini
- Women and Child Health Department- Hematology-Oncology laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Norma I Rodriguez-Malave
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Ph.D. Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,Present Address: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Michael O Alberti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,Present Address: Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jaime Anguiano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,Present Address: University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Tiffany M Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Ph.D. program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jayanth K Palanichamy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,Present Address: All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Jasmine Gajeton
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,Present Address: Department of Molecular Cardiology Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue. Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Nolan M Ung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Cody J Aros
- Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ella V Waters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.,Present Address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - David Casero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Women and Child Health Department- Hematology-Oncology laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Pigazzi
- Women and Child Health Department- Hematology-Oncology laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dinesh S Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA. .,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Factor 12-272, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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17
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Yu J, Zhang L, Li Y, Li R, Zhang M, Li W, Xie X, Wang S, Hu X, Bao Z. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the SOX gene family in a bivalve mollusc Patinopecten yessoensis. Gene 2017; 627:530-537. [PMID: 28694209 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SOX family is composed of transcription factors that play vital roles in various developmental processes. Comprehensive understanding on evolution of the SOX family requires full characterization of SOX genes in different phyla. Mollusca is the second largest metazoan phylum, but till now, systematic investigation on the SOX family is still lacking in this phylum. In this study, we conducted genome-wide identification of the SOX family in Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and profiled their tissue distribution and temporal expression patterns in the ovaries and testes during gametogenesis. Seven SOX genes were identified, including SOXB1, B2, C, D, E, F and H, representing the first record in protostomes with SOX members identical to that proposed to exist in the last common ancestor of chordates. Genomic structure analysis identified relatively conserved exon-intron structures, accompanied by intron insertion. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed possible involvement of scallop SOX in various functions, including neuro-sensory cell differentiation, hematopoiesis, myogenesis and gametogenesis. This study represents the first systematic characterization of SOX gene family in Mollusca. It will assist in a better understanding of the evolution and function of SOX family in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yangping Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ruojiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wanru Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinran Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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18
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Sun Q, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Yang X, Li M, Xu X, Wen D, Wang J, Zhang J. Loss of the clock protein PER2 shortens the erythrocyte life span in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12679-12690. [PMID: 28607147 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.783985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation and release from the bone marrow have been demonstrated to be controlled by circadian rhythms in both humans and mice. However, it is unclear whether local circadian clocks in the bone marrow influence physiological functions and life span of erythrocytes. Here, we report that loss of the clock gene Per2 significantly decreased erythrocyte life span. Mice deficient in Per2 were more susceptible to acute stresses in the erythrocytes, becoming severely anemic upon phenylhydrazine, osmotic, and H2O2 challenges. 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis revealed that the Per2 depletion causes significant changes in metabolic profiles of erythrocytes, including increased lactate and decreased ATP levels compared with wild-type mice. The lower ATP levels were associated with hyperfunction of Na+/K+-ATPase activity in Per2-null erythrocytes, and inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase activity by ouabain efficiently rescued ATP levels. Per2-null mice displayed increased levels of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 (ATP1A1) in the erythrocyte membrane, and transfection of Per2 cDNA into the erythroleukemic cell line TF-1 inhibited Atp1a1 expression. Furthermore, we observed that PER2 regulates Atp1a1 transcription through interacting with trans-acting transcription factor 1 (SP1). Our findings reveal that Per2 function in the bone marrow is required for the regulation of life span in circulating erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Dan Wen
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Righi S, Pileri S, Agostinelli C, Bacci F, Spagnolo S, Sabattini E. Reproducibility of SOX-11 detection in decalcified bone marrow tissue in mantle cell lymphoma patients. Hum Pathol 2017; 59:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Targeting sphingosine kinase 1 induces MCL1-dependent cell death in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2016; 129:771-782. [PMID: 27956387 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-720433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy where despite improvements in conventional chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, overall survival remains poor. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) generates the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and has established roles in tumor initiation, progression, and chemotherapy resistance in a wide range of cancers. The role and targeting of SPHK1 in primary AML, however, has not been previously investigated. Here we show that SPHK1 is overexpressed and constitutively activated in primary AML patient blasts but not in normal mononuclear cells. Subsequent targeting of SPHK1 induced caspase-dependent cell death in AML cell lines, primary AML patient blasts, and isolated AML patient leukemic progenitor/stem cells, with negligible effects on normal bone marrow CD34+ progenitors from healthy donors. Furthermore, administration of SPHK1 inhibitors to orthotopic AML patient-derived xenografts reduced tumor burden and prolonged overall survival without affecting murine hematopoiesis. SPHK1 inhibition was associated with reduced survival signaling from S1P receptor 2, resulting in selective downregulation of the prosurvival protein MCL1. Subsequent analysis showed that the combination of BH3 mimetics with either SPHK1 inhibition or S1P receptor 2 antagonism triggered synergistic AML cell death. These results support the notion that SPHK1 is a bona fide therapeutic target for the treatment of AML.
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21
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Wan H, Cai J, Chen F, Zhu J, Zhong J, Zhong H. SOX12: a novel potential target for acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 176:421-430. [PMID: 27858992 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wan
- Department of Haematology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Jiayi Cai
- Department of Haematology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Department of Haematology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Jianyi Zhu
- Department of Haematology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Jihua Zhong
- Department of Haematology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Haematology; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
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22
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CREB engages C/EBPδ to initiate leukemogenesis. Leukemia 2016; 30:1887-96. [PMID: 27118402 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is frequently overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acts as a proto-oncogene; however, it is still debated whether such overactivation alone is able to induce leukemia as its pathogenetic downstream signaling is still unclear. We generated a zebrafish model overexpressing CREB in the myeloid lineage, which showed an aberrant regulation of primitive hematopoiesis, and in 79% of adult CREB-zebrafish a block of myeloid differentiation, triggering to a monocytic leukemia akin the human counterpart. Gene expression analysis of CREB-zebrafish revealed a signature of 20 differentially expressed human homologous CREB targets in common with pediatric AML. Among them, we demonstrated that CREB overexpression increased CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-δ (C/EBPδ) levels to cause myeloid differentiation arrest, and the silencing of CREB-C/EBPδ axis restored myeloid terminal differentiation. Then, C/EBPδ overexpression was found to identify a subset of pediatric AML affected by a block of myeloid differentiation at monocytic stage who presented a significant higher relapse risk and the enrichment of aggressive signatures. Finally, this study unveils the aberrant activation of CREB-C/EBPδ axis concurring to AML onset by disrupting the myeloid cell differentiation process. We provide a novel in vivo model to perform high-throughput drug screening for AML cure improvement.
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23
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Walia MK, Ho PM, Taylor S, Ng AJ, Gupte A, Chalk AM, Zannettino AC, Martin TJ, Walkley CR. Activation of PTHrP-cAMP-CREB1 signaling following p53 loss is essential for osteosarcoma initiation and maintenance. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27070462 PMCID: PMC4854515 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the P53 pathway are a hallmark of human cancer. The identification of pathways upon which p53-deficient cells depend could reveal therapeutic targets that may spare normal cells with intact p53. In contrast to P53 point mutations in other cancer, complete loss of P53 is a frequent event in osteosarcoma (OS), the most common cancer of bone. The consequences of p53 loss for osteoblastic cells and OS development are poorly understood. Here we use murine OS models to demonstrate that elevated Pthlh (Pthrp), cAMP levels and signalling via CREB1 are characteristic of both p53-deficient osteoblasts and OS. Normal osteoblasts survive depletion of both PTHrP and CREB1. In contrast, p53-deficient osteoblasts and OS depend upon continuous activation of this pathway and undergo proliferation arrest and apoptosis in the absence of PTHrP or CREB1. Our results identify the PTHrP-cAMP-CREB1 axis as an attractive pathway for therapeutic inhibition in OS. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13446.001 Bone cancer (osteosarcoma) is caused by mutations in certain genes, which results in cells growing and dividing uncontrollably. In particular, a gene that produces a protein called P53 in humans is lost in all bone cancers. However, we don’t understand what happens to the bone cells when they lose P53. Although a number of studies have identified several molecular pathways that are changed in bone cancers – such as the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway – how these interact to cause a cancer is not well understood. Walia et al. compared bone-forming cells from normal mice with cells from mutant mice from which the gene that produces the mouse p53 protein could be removed. This revealed that the loss of p53 causes these cells to grow faster. The activity of the cAMP pathway also increases in p53-deficient cells. Further investigation revealed that the cells grow faster only if they are able to activate the cAMP pathway, and that this pathway needs to stay active for bone cancer cells to grow and survive. This suggests that inhibiting this pathway could present a new way to treat bone cancer. Walia et al. confirmed several of their findings in human cells. Future studies will now investigate how the loss of the P53 protein in humans activates the cAMP pathway, which will be important for understanding how this cancer forms. It will also be worthwhile to begin testing ways to block this pathway to determine whether it is a useful target for therapies. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13446.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannu K Walia
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Patricia Mw Ho
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Scott Taylor
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Alvin Jm Ng
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Ankita Gupte
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Alistair M Chalk
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Andrew Cw Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - T John Martin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.,ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
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24
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SOX4 contributes to the progression of cervical cancer and the resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug through ABCG2. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1990. [PMID: 26583330 PMCID: PMC4670919 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SOX4, a member of the SOX (sex-determining region Y-related HMG box) transcription factor family, has been reported to be abnormally expressed in a wide variety of cancers, and to exert a pleiotropic function. However, its function in progression of cervical cancer (CC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that SOX4 was highly expressed in CC cells and tissues, and overexpression of SOX4 in CC CaSki cells enhanced tumor clone formation and cell proliferation, and accelerated cell cycle progress. Meanwhile, downregulation of SOX4 by shRNA in CaSki cells inhibited cell proliferation, and slowed cell cycle progress, indicating that SOX4 contributes to the development of CC. In addition, SOX4 overexpression by gene transfer reduced the sensitivity of CaSki cells in response to the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, and SOX4 downregulation by RNA interference increased the sensitivity of CaSki cells in response to cisplatin. Moreover, SOX4 overexpression upregulated multiple drug resistant gene ABCG2, and SOX4 downregulation inhibited ABCG2 expression. Taken together, these results suggested that SOX4 functions to modulate cancer proliferation by regulation of cell cycle, and inhibit cancer cell sensitivity to therapeutic drug via upregulation of ABCG2. Thus, SOX4 may be a target for CC chemotherapy.
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25
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Mehta A, Mann M, Zhao JL, Marinov GK, Majumdar D, Garcia-Flores Y, Du X, Erikci E, Chowdhury K, Baltimore D. The microRNA-212/132 cluster regulates B cell development by targeting Sox4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1679-92. [PMID: 26371188 PMCID: PMC4577845 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators of B cell fate decisions and immune function. Deregulation of several microRNAs in B cells leads to the development of autoimmune disease and cancer in mice. We demonstrate that the microRNA-212/132 cluster (miR-212/132) is induced in B cells in response to B cell receptor signaling. Enforced expression of miR-132 results in a block in early B cell development at the prepro-B cell to pro-B cell transition and induces apoptosis in primary bone marrow B cells. Importantly, loss of miR-212/132 results in accelerated B cell recovery after antibody-mediated B cell depletion. We find that Sox4 is a target of miR-132 in B cells. Co-expression of SOX4 with miR-132 rescues the defect in B cell development from overexpression of miR-132 alone, thus suggesting that miR-132 may regulate B lymphopoiesis through Sox4. In addition, we show that the expression of miR-132 can inhibit cancer development in cells that are prone to B cell cancers, such as B cells expressing the c-Myc oncogene. We have thus uncovered miR-132 as a novel contributor to B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Mehta
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mati Mann
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jimmy L Zhao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Georgi K Marinov
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Devdoot Majumdar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Yvette Garcia-Flores
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Xiaomi Du
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Erdem Erikci
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen 37077, Germany
| | - Kamal Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen 37077, Germany
| | - David Baltimore
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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26
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Yin JJ, Liang B, Zhan XR. MicroRNA-204 inhibits cell proliferation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by down-regulating SOX4. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:9189-9195. [PMID: 26464665 PMCID: PMC4583897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases by negatively regulating gene expression. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of miR-204 on cell proliferation migration and invasion in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). METHOD miR-204 expression was determined in bone marrow samples from 32 leukemia patients and 32 healthy controls by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effect of miR-204 on cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK8 assay, cell migration and invasion were evaluated by transwell migration and invasion assays, In addition, the regulation of SOX4 by miR-204 was evaluated by luciferase reporter assay and western blot. RESULTS our results revealed that miR-204 was low expressed in T-ALL. Cell proliferation assay showed that the cell proliferation ability was inhibited by miR-204 mimics. Moreover, migration and invasion assay suggested that overexpression of miR-204 could significantly suppressed the migration and invasion ability of T-ALL cells. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-204 directly bound to the 3' untranslated region of SOX4, and western blot suggested that miR-204 inhibited the expression of SOX4 at the protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that miR-204 negatively regulates SOX4 and inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of T-ALL cell lines. Thus, miR-204 might represent a potential therapeutic target for T-ALL intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Yin
- Department of Hematology, Xinxiang Central Hospital Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Hematology, Xinxiang Central Hospital Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Rong Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Xinxiang Central Hospital Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
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27
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Chae HD, Mitton B, Lacayo NJ, Sakamoto KM. Replication factor C3 is a CREB target gene that regulates cell cycle progression through the modulation of chromatin loading of PCNA. Leukemia 2015; 29:1379-89. [PMID: 25541153 PMCID: PMC4456282 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CREB (cyclic AMP response element-binding protein) is a transcription factor overexpressed in normal and neoplastic myelopoiesis and regulates cell cycle progression, although its oncogenic mechanism has not been well characterized. Replication factor C3 (RFC3) is required for chromatin loading of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) which is a sliding clamp platform for recruiting numerous proteins in the DNA metabolism. CREB1 expression, which was activated by E2F, was coupled with RFC3 expression during the G1/S progression in the KG-1 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line. There was also a direct correlation between the expression of RFC3 and CREB1 in human AML cell lines as well as in the AML cells from the patients. CREB interacted directly with the CRE site in RFC3 promoter region. CREB-knockdown inhibited primarily G1/S cell cycle transition by decreasing the expression of RFC3 as well as PCNA loading onto the chromatin. Exogenous expression of RFC3 was sufficient to rescue the impaired G1/S progression and PCNA chromatin loading caused by CREB knockdown. These studies suggest that RFC3 may have a role in neoplastic myelopoiesis by promoting the G1/S progression and its expression is regulated by CREB.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Cycle/physiology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/genetics
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Replication Protein C/genetics
- Replication Protein C/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Don Chae
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bryan Mitton
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Norman J. Lacayo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Kathleen M. Sakamoto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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28
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RRM2B-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondrial Activity and Inflammation under Oxidative Stress. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:287345. [PMID: 26089597 PMCID: PMC4451759 DOI: 10.1155/2015/287345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RRM2B is a critical ribonucleotide reductase (RR) subunit that exists as p53-inducible and p53-dependent molecule. The p53-independent regulation of RRM2B has been recently studied, and FOXO3 was identified as a novel regulator of RRM2B. However, the p53-independent regulation of RRM2B, particularly under oxidative stress, remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of RRM2B underoxidative stress-induced DNA damage and further examined the regulation of mitochondrial and inflammatory genes by RRM2B. Our study is the first to report the critical role of RRM2B in mitochondrial homeostasis and the inflammation signaling pathway in a p53-independent manner. Furthermore, our study provides novel insights into the role of the RR in inflammatory diseases.
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29
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Cho EC, Kuo ML, Liu X, Yang L, Hsieh YC, Wang J, Cheng Y, Yen Y. Tumor suppressor FOXO3 regulates ribonucleotide reductase subunit RRM2B and impacts on survival of cancer patients. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4834-44. [PMID: 24947616 PMCID: PMC4148103 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) subunits in different cancers has been intensively studied in our laboratory. RRM2B was identified as a p53-inducible RR subunit that involves in various critical cellular mechanisms such as cell cycle regulation, DNA repair and replication, and mitochondrial homeostasis, etc. However, little is known about the p53-independent regulation of RRM2B in cancer pathology. In this study, we discovered tumor suppressor FOXO3 as the novel regulator of RRM2B. FOXO3 directly bound to and transcriptionally activated the promoter of RRM2B, and induced the expression of RRM2B at RNA and protein levels. Moreover, Overexpression of RRM2B and/or FOXO3 inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells. The cancer tissue microarray data also demonstrated a strong correlation between the co-expression of FOXO3 plus RRM2B and increased disease survival and reduced recurrence or metastasis in lung cancer patients. Our results suggest a novel regulatory control of RRM2B function, and imply the importance of FOXO signaling pathway in DNA replication modulation. This study provides the first time evidence that RRM2B is transcriptionally and functionally regulated independent of p53 pathway by FOXO3, and it establishes that FOXO3 and RRM2B could be used as predictive biomarkers for cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Chieh Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Yen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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30
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Song G, Wang L, Bi K, Jiang G. Regulation of the C/EBPα signaling pathway in acute myeloid leukemia (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2099-106. [PMID: 25760953 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), as a critical regulator of myeloid development, directs granulocyte and monocyte differentiation. Various mechanisms have been identified to explain how C/EBPα functions in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). C/EBPα expression is suppressed as a result of common leukemia-associated genetic and epigenetic alterations such as AML1-ETO, RARα-PLZF or gene promoter methylation. Recent data have shown that ubiquitination modification also contributes to its downregulation. In addition, 10-15% of patients with AML in an intermediate cytogenetic risk subgroup were characterized by mutations of the C/EBPα gene. As a transcription factor, C/EBPα can translocate into the nucleus and further regulate a variety of genes directly or indirectly, which are all key factors for cell differentiation. This review summarizes recent reports concerning the dysregulation of C/EBPα expression at various levels in human AML. The currently available data are persuasive evidence suggesting that impaired abnormal C/EBPα expression contributes to the development of AML, and restoration of C/EBPα expression as well as its function represents a promising target for novel therapeutic strategies in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Song
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Medical Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Kehong Bi
- Department of Hematology, Qianfoshan Mountain Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Key Medical Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
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31
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Sakamoto KM, Grant S, Saleiro D, Crispino JD, Hijiya N, Giles F, Platanias L, Eklund EA. Targeting novel signaling pathways for resistant acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:397-402. [PMID: 25533111 PMCID: PMC4355162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy that is the most common type of acute leukemia diagnosed in adults and the second most common type in children. The overall survival is poor and treatment is associated with significant complications and even death. In addition, a significant number of patients will not respond to therapy or relapse. In this review, several new signaling proteins aberrantly regulated in AML are described, including CREB, Triad1, Bcl-2 family members, Stat3, and mTOR/MEK. Identifying more effective and less toxic agents will provide novel approaches to treat AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Sakamoto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Diana Saleiro
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nobuko Hijiya
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis Giles
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leonidas Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Eklund
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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32
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Sox4 links tumor suppression to accelerated aging in mice by modulating stem cell activation. Cell Rep 2014; 8:487-500. [PMID: 25043184 PMCID: PMC4905521 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox4 expression is restricted in mammals to embryonic structures and some adult tissues, such as lymphoid organs, pancreas, intestine, and skin. During embryogenesis, Sox4 regulates mesenchymal and neural progenitor survival, as well as lymphocyte and myeloid differentiation, and contributes to pancreas, bone, and heart development. Aberrant Sox4 expression is linked to malignant transformation and metastasis in several types of cancer. To understand the role of Sox4 in the adult organism, we first generated mice with reduced whole-body Sox4 expression. These mice display accelerated aging and reduced cancer incidence. To specifically address a role for Sox4 in adult stem cells, we conditionally deleted Sox4 (Sox4cKO) in stratified epithelia. Sox4cKO mice show increased skin stem cell quiescence and resistance to chemical carcinogenesis concomitantly with downregulation of cell cycle, DNA repair, and activated hair follicle stem cell pathways. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of Sox4 in regulating adult tissue homeostasis and cancer.
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33
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Ma H, Mallampati S, Lu Y, Sun B, Wang E, Leng X, Gong Y, Shen H, Yin CC, Jones D, Amin HM, You MJ, Zweidler-McKay P, Ma Y, Kantarjian HM, Arlinghaus RB, Glassman A, Sun X. The Sox4/Tcf7l1 axis promotes progression of BCR-ABL-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2014; 99:1591-8. [PMID: 24997151 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Sox4 plays an indispensable role in the development of early progenitor B cells from hematopoietic stem cells. However, its role in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a malignant counterpart of normal progenitor B cells, is not fully understood. Here we show that SOX4 is highly expressed in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. To systematically study the function of Sox4 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we established a genetically defined mouse leukemia model by transforming progenitor B cells carrying a floxed Sox4 allele and inducing deletion of the allele by the self-excising Cre recombinase. This model allowed us to work with two groups of leukemic cells that had either one copy or both copies of Sox4 deleted. We found that depletion of Sox4 in transformed cells in vitro reduced cell growth in vitro and the progression of leukemia in vivo. Moreover, depletion of Sox4 in leukemic cells in vivo prolonged the survival of the mice, suggesting that it could be a potential target in acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. Our microarray and bioChIP studies revealed that Tcf7l1 was the key gene directly regulated by Sox4. Knockdown of Tcf7l1 reduced cell proliferation, just as did knockout of Sox4, and ectopic expression of Tcf7l1 could reverse the effect of Sox4 knockout on cell proliferation. These data suggest that Sox4 and Tcf7l1 form a functional axis that promotes the progression of BCR-ABL-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Saradhi Mallampati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Baohua Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enze Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaohong Leng
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yun Gong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan Jones
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yupo Ma
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Ralph B Arlinghaus
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Armand Glassman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
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34
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Kustikova OS, Stahlhut M, Ha TC, Scherer R, Schambach A, Baum C. Dose response and clonal variability of lentiviral tetracycline-regulated vectors in murine hematopoietic cells. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:505-515.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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MLL-AF6 fusion oncogene sequesters AF6 into the nucleus to trigger RAS activation in myeloid leukemia. Blood 2014; 124:263-72. [PMID: 24695851 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-09-525741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A rare location, t(6;11)(q27;q23) (MLL-AF6), is associated with poor outcome in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The described mechanism by which MLL-AF6, through constitutive self-association and in cooperation with DOT-1L, activates aberrant gene expression does not explain the biological differences existing between t(6;11)-rearranged and other MLL-positive patients nor their different clinical outcome. Here, we show that AF6 is expressed in the cytoplasm of healthy bone marrow cells and controls rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS)-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) levels. By contrast, in MLL-AF6-rearranged cells, AF6 is found localized in the nucleus, leading to aberrant activation of RAS and of its downstream targets. Silencing MLL-AF6, we restored AF6 localization in the cytoplasm, thus mediating significant reduction of RAS-GTP levels and of cell clonogenic potential. The rescue of RAS-GTP levels after MLL-AF6 and AF6 co-silencing confirmed that MLL-AF6 oncoprotein potentiates the activity of the RAS pathway through retention of AF6 within the nucleus. Exposure of MLL-AF6-rearranged AML blasts to tipifarnib, a RAS inhibitor, leads to cell autophagy and apoptosis, thus supporting RAS targeting as a novel potential therapeutic strategy in patients carrying t(6;11). Altogether, these data point to a novel role of the MLL-AF6 chimera and show that its gene partner, AF6, is crucial in AML development.
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Chong PSY, Zhou J, Cheong LL, Liu SC, Qian J, Guo T, Sze SK, Zeng Q, Chng WJ. LEO1 is regulated by PRL-3 and mediates its oncogenic properties in acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3043-53. [PMID: 24686170 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PRL-3, an oncogenic dual-specificity phosphatase, is overexpressed in 50% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and associated with poor survival. We found that stable expression of PRL-3 confers cytokine independence and growth advantage of AML cells. However, how PRL-3 mediates these functions in AML is not known. To comprehensively screen for PRL3-regulated proteins in AML, we performed SILAC-based quantitative proteomics analysis and discovered 398 significantly perturbed proteins after PRL-3 overexpression. We show that Leo1, a component of RNA polymerase II-associated factor (PAF) complex, is a novel and important mediator of PRL-3 oncogenic activities in AML. We described a novel mechanism where elevated PRL-3 protein increases JMJD2C histone demethylase occupancy on Leo1 promoter, thereby reducing the H3K9me3 repressive signals and promoting Leo1 gene expression. Furthermore, PRL-3 and Leo1 levels were positively associated in AML patient samples (N=24; P<0.01). On the other hand, inhibition of Leo1 reverses PRL-3 oncogenic phenotypes in AML. Loss of Leo1 leads to destabilization of the PAF complex and downregulation of SOX2 and SOX4, potent oncogenes in myeloid transformation. In conclusion, we identify an important and novel mechanism by which PRL-3 mediates its oncogenic function in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis S Y Chong
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*STAR); and Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*STAR); and Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lip-Lee Cheong
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*STAR); and Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Shaw-Cheng Liu
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*STAR); and Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jingru Qian
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*STAR); and Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*STAR); and Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*STAR); and Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Qi Zeng
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*STAR); and Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*STAR); and Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, SingaporeAuthors' Affiliations: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*STAR); and Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, SingaporeAuthors' Affiliations: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*STAR); and Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
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Jafarnejad SM, Ardekani GS, Ghaffari M, Li G. Pleiotropic function of SRY-related HMG box transcription factor 4 in regulation of tumorigenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2677-96. [PMID: 23080209 PMCID: PMC11113534 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their critical roles in embryonic development, cell fate decision, and differentiation, members of Sox (Sry-related high-mobility group box) family of transcription factors including Sox4 have been implicated in various cancers. Multiple studies have revealed an increased expression along with specific oncogenic function of Sox4 in tumors, while others observed a reduced expression of Sox4 in different types of malignancies and suppression of tumor initiation or progression by this protein. More interestingly, the prognostic value of Sox4 is debated due to obvious differences between various reports as well as inconsistencies within specific studies. This review summarizes our current understanding of Sox4 expression pattern and its transcription-dependent, as well as transcription-independent, functions in tumor initiation or progression and its correlation with patient survival. We also discuss the existing discrepancies between different reports and their possible explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6 Canada
| | - Gholamreza Safaee Ardekani
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6 Canada
| | - Mazyar Ghaffari
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6 Canada
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The role of SRY-related HMG box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) in tumorigenesis and metastasis: friend or foe? Oncogene 2012; 32:3397-409. [PMID: 23246969 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Development and progression of cancer are mediated by alterations in transcriptional networks, resulting in a disturbed balance between the activity of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Transcription factors have the capacity to regulate global transcriptional profiles, and are consequently often found to be deregulated in their expression and function during tumorigenesis. Sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility-group box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) is a member of the group C subfamily of the SOX transcription factors and has a critical role during embryogenesis, where its expression is widespread and controls the development of numerous tissues. SOX4 expression is elevated in a wide variety of tumors, including leukemia, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer, suggesting a fundamental role in the development of these malignancies. In many cancers, deregulated expression of this developmental factor has been correlated with increased cancer cell proliferation, cell survival, inhibition of apoptosis and tumor progression through the induction of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. However, in a limited subset of tumors, SOX4 has also been reported to act as a tumor suppressor. These opposing roles suggest that the outcome of SOX4 activation depends on the cellular context and the tumor origin. Indeed, SOX4 expression, transcriptional activity and target gene specificity can be controlled by signaling pathways, including the transforming growth factor-β and the WNT pathway, as well as at the post-translational level through regulation of protein stability and interaction with specific cofactors, such as TCF, syntenin-1 and p53. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge concerning the role of SOX4 in tumor development and progression.
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Omidvar N, Maunakea ML, Jones L, Sevcikova S, Yin B, Himmel KL, Tennant TR, Le Beau MM, Largaespada DA, Kogan SC. PML-RARα co-operates with Sox4 in acute myeloid leukemia development in mice. Haematologica 2012; 98:424-7. [PMID: 23144197 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.057067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is characterized by a chromosomal translocation involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene. To identify co-operating pathways to leukemogenesis, we crossed MRP8-PML/RARA transgenic mice with BXH-2 mice which harbor an endogenous murine leukemia virus that causes acute myeloid leukemia. Approximately half of the leukemias that arose in this cross showed features of acute promyelocytic leukemia. We identified 22 proviral insertion sites in acute promyelocytic-like leukemias and focused our analysis on insertion at Sox4, a HMG box transcription factor. Using a transplant model, co-operation between PML-RARα and Sox4 was confirmed with increased penetrance and reduced latency of disease. Interestingly, karyotypic analysis revealed cytogenetic changes suggesting that the factors combined to initiate but not complete leukemic transformation. The cooperation between these transcription factors is consistent with the paradigm of multiple routes to the disease and reinforces the concept that transcription factor networks are important therapeutic targets in myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Omidvar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA.
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