1
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Chen J, Ding J, Li Y, Feng F, Xu Y, Wang T, He J, Cang J, Luo L. Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 drives brain lymphatic endothelial cell development through integrin αvβ3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5986. [PMID: 39013903 PMCID: PMC11252342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In zebrafish, brain lymphatic endothelial cells (BLECs) are essential for meningeal angiogenesis and cerebrovascular regeneration. Although epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (Egfl7) has been reported to act as a pro-angiogenic factor, its roles in lymphangiogenesis remain unclear. Here, we show that Egfl7 is expressed in both blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. We generate an egfl7 cq180 mutant with a 13-bp-deletion in exon 3 leading to reduced expression of Egfl7. The egfl7 cq180 mutant zebrafish exhibit defective formation of BLEC bilateral loop-like structures, although trunk and facial lymphatic development remains unaffected. Moreover, while the egfl7 cq180 mutant displays normal BLEC lineage specification, the migration and proliferation of these cells are impaired. Additionally, we identify integrin αvβ3 as the receptor for Egfl7. αvβ3 is expressed in the CVP and sprouting BLECs, and blocking this integrin inhibits the formation of BLEC bilateral loop-like structures. Thus, this study identifies a role for Egfl7 in BLEC development that is mediated through the integrin αvβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Ding
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyu Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Fujuan Feng
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Cang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Anaesthesia of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Martínez-Hernández R, Sánchez de la Blanca N, Sacristán-Gómez P, Serrano-Somavilla A, Muñoz De Nova JL, Sánchez Cabo F, Heyn H, Sampedro-Núñez M, Marazuela M. Unraveling the molecular architecture of autoimmune thyroid diseases at spatial resolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5895. [PMID: 39003267 PMCID: PMC11246508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) such as Graves' disease (GD) or Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are organ-specific diseases that involve complex interactions between distinct components of thyroid tissue. Here, we use spatial transcriptomics to explore the molecular architecture, heterogeneity and location of different cells present in the thyroid tissue, including thyroid follicular cells (TFCs), stromal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes. We identify damaged antigen-presenting TFCs with upregulated CD74 and MIF expression in thyroid samples from AITD patients. Furthermore, we discern two main fibroblast subpopulations in the connective tissue including ADIRF+ myofibroblasts, mainly enriched in GD, and inflammatory fibroblasts, enriched in HT patients. We also demonstrate an increase of fenestrated PLVAP+ vessels in AITD, especially in GD. Our data unveil stromal and thyroid epithelial cell subpopulations that could play a role in the pathogenesis of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Sánchez de la Blanca
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Sacristán-Gómez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Muñoz De Nova
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Holger Heyn
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sampedro-Núñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Madrid, Spain.
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3
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McDonald B, Schmidt MHH. Structure, function, and recombinant production of EGFL7. Biol Chem 2024; 0:hsz-2023-0358. [PMID: 38805373 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The secreted factor Epidermal growth factor-like protein 7 (EGFL7) is involved in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, as well as neurogenesis. Importantly, EGFL7 is also implicated in various pathological conditions, including tumor angiogenesis in human cancers. Thus, understanding the mechanisms through which EGFL7 regulates and promotes blood vessel formation is of clear practical importance. One principle means by which EGFL7's function is investigated is via the expression and purification of the recombinant protein. This mini-review describes three methods used to produce recombinant EGFL7 protein. First, a brief overview of EGFL7's genetics, structure, and function is provided. This is followed by an examination of the advantages and disadvantages of three common expression systems used in the production of recombinant EGFL7; (i) Escherichia coli (E. coli), (ii) human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells or other mammalian cells, and (iii) a baculovirus-based Sf9 insect cell expression system. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the baculovirus-based Sf9 insect cell expression currently has the advantages of producing active recombinant EGFL7 in the native conformation with the presence of acceptable posttranslational modifications, while providing sufficient yield and stability for experimental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan McDonald
- 9169 Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- 9169 Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Xian Y, Wang X, Yu Y, Chen X. The mechanism of EGFL7 regulating neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy through the PI3K/AKT/VEGFA pathway. Life Sci 2024; 340:122483. [PMID: 38307238 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a blinding disease caused by diabetes, characterized by neovascularization of the retina. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of epidermal growth factor-like structural domain 7 (EGFL7) on human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRECS) and retinas from rats with DR. An in vitro model of DR was established through culturing HRECS in high glucose. The in vivo model of DR was established by injecting SD rats with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. The differences in the expressed levels of EGFL7, PI3K, AKT, P-AKT and VEGFA in high-glucose cultured cells and retinal tissues of diabetic rats were detected in compared to those in the control group. Stable EGFL7 knockdown cell lines were generated by transfecting HRECS with lentiviral vectors and the effects of EGFL7 knockdown on angiogenesis, cell migration and proliferation were investigated. The results showed that EGFL7, PI3K, P-AKT and VEGFA was increased in cells and tissues under high glucose conditions. Knockdown of EGFL7 downregulated the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis capacity of HRECS, and blocked the PI3K/AKT/VEGFA signaling pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of PI3K reversed the effects of EGFL7 inhibition. These findings provide new ideas for the treatment of neovascularisation in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - XingLi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - XiaoLong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China.
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5
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Wang Z, Khondowe P, Brannick E, Abasht B. Spatial transcriptomics reveals alterations in perivascular macrophage lipid metabolism in the onset of Wooden Breast myopathy in broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3450. [PMID: 38342952 PMCID: PMC10859375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to use spatial transcriptomics to characterize the cell-type-specific expression profile associated with the microscopic features observed in Wooden Breast myopathy. 1 cm3 muscle sample was dissected from the cranial part of the right pectoralis major muscle from three randomly sampled broiler chickens at 23 days post-hatch and processed with Visium Spatial Gene Expression kits (10X Genomics), followed by high-resolution imaging and sequencing on the Illumina Nextseq 2000 system. WB classification was based on histopathologic features identified. Sequence reads were aligned to the chicken reference genome (Galgal6) and mapped to histological images. Unsupervised K-means clustering and Seurat integrative analysis differentiated histologic features and their specific gene expression pattern, including lipid laden macrophages (LLM), unaffected myofibers, myositis and vasculature. In particular, LLM exhibited reprogramming of lipid metabolism with up-regulated lipid transporters and genes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors pathway, possibly through P. Moreover, overexpression of fatty acid binding protein 5 could enhance fatty acid uptake in adjacent veins. In myositis regions, increased expression of cathepsins may play a role in muscle homeostasis and repair by mediating lysosomal activity and apoptosis. A better knowledge of different cell-type interactions at early stages of WB is essential in developing a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Paul Khondowe
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Erin Brannick
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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6
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Ren D, Lou J, Wei K, Ifegwu I. Molecularly Confirmed Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma with Unusual EGFL7::FOSB Fusion in the Head and Neck Region of an Older Patient. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:342. [PMID: 38337858 PMCID: PMC10855081 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMHE), a rare vascular neoplasm, was first described in 1992 asa fibroma-like variant of epithelioid sarcoma, and would be termed as epithelioid sarcoma-like hemangioendothelioma a decade later due to its significant histologic overlap with epithelioid sarcoma and diffuse cytokeratin expression. PHME is currently defined as a distinct, potentially intermediate malignant, rarely metastasizing neoplasm with vascular/endothelial differentiation. It is characterized by young age (typically less than 40 years old), extremity location (approximately ~80%), and t(7:19) SERPINE1::FOSB fusion as the most common molecular alteration. Herein, we report a case of a 59-year-old male presenting with multifocal lesions, including in the right temporalis muscle, right frontoparietal calvarium, right pterygoid muscles, and right mandibular condyle. Histologic examination of the right temporal lesion revealed a multinodular biphasic lesion composed of sheets and fascicles of elongated spindle and epithelioid cells infiltrating into the adjacent skeletal muscle. Admixed abundant neutrophilic infiltration is noted; however, areas of necrosis, increased mitosis, nuclear atypia, or rhabdomyoblast-like cells are absent. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining showed that the tumor cells were diffusely and strongly positive for FOSB, pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), CD31, and ERG. Molecular testing demonstrated a t(9:19) EGFL7::FOSB fusion mRNA. This constellation of morphological, IHC and molecular findings was consistent with a diagnosis of PMHE. This is the first reported case of multifocal PMHE with EGFL7::FOSB fusion in the head and neck area of a patient aged more than 50 years old. Since the differential diagnoses for PMHE includes high-grade malignancies with aggressive clinical behavior, coupled with the rare reports of PMHE in the head and neck region, awareness of this tumor in the head and neck region will avoid the misdiagnosis and overtreatment of this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ren
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA;
| | - Jerry Lou
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA;
| | - Katherine Wei
- Departments of Radiology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA;
| | - Ibe Ifegwu
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA;
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7
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Schnitzler GR, Kang H, Fang S, Angom RS, Lee-Kim VS, Ma XR, Zhou R, Zeng T, Guo K, Taylor MS, Vellarikkal SK, Barry AE, Sias-Garcia O, Bloemendal A, Munson G, Guckelberger P, Nguyen TH, Bergman DT, Hinshaw S, Cheng N, Cleary B, Aragam K, Lander ES, Finucane HK, Mukhopadhyay D, Gupta RM, Engreitz JM. Convergence of coronary artery disease genes onto endothelial cell programs. Nature 2024; 626:799-807. [PMID: 38326615 PMCID: PMC10921916 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Linking variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to underlying mechanisms of disease remains a challenge1-3. For some diseases, a successful strategy has been to look for cases in which multiple GWAS loci contain genes that act in the same biological pathway1-6. However, our knowledge of which genes act in which pathways is incomplete, particularly for cell-type-specific pathways or understudied genes. Here we introduce a method to connect GWAS variants to functions. This method links variants to genes using epigenomics data, links genes to pathways de novo using Perturb-seq and integrates these data to identify convergence of GWAS loci onto pathways. We apply this approach to study the role of endothelial cells in genetic risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), and discover 43 CAD GWAS signals that converge on the cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) signalling pathway. Two regulators of this pathway, CCM2 and TLNRD1, are each linked to a CAD risk variant, regulate other CAD risk genes and affect atheroprotective processes in endothelial cells. These results suggest a model whereby CAD risk is driven in part by the convergence of causal genes onto a particular transcriptional pathway in endothelial cells. They highlight shared genes between common and rare vascular diseases (CAD and CCM), and identify TLNRD1 as a new, previously uncharacterized member of the CCM signalling pathway. This approach will be widely useful for linking variants to functions for other common polygenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Schnitzler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Kang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shi Fang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramcharan S Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Vivian S Lee-Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Rosa Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronghao Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Guo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shamsudheen K Vellarikkal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aurelie E Barry
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oscar Sias-Garcia
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Bloemendal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Glen Munson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tung H Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Drew T Bergman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Stephen Hinshaw
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Cheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian Cleary
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Faculty of Computing and Data Sciences, Departments of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Biological Design Center, and Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna Aragam
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Ye RZ, Montastier E, Frisch F, Noll C, Allard-Chamard H, Gévry N, Tchernof A, Carpentier AC. Adipocyte hypertrophy associates with in vivo postprandial fatty acid metabolism and adipose single-cell transcriptional dynamics. iScience 2024; 27:108692. [PMID: 38226167 PMCID: PMC10788217 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with metabolic complications independent of obesity. We aimed to determine: 1) the association between adipocyte size and postprandial fatty acid metabolism; 2) the potential mechanisms driving the obesity-independent, hypertrophy-associated dysmetabolism in vivo and at a single-cell resolution. Tracers with positron emission tomography were used to measure fatty acid metabolism in 40 men and women with normal or impaired glucose tolerance (NCT02808182), and single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to determine transcriptional dynamics of subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) between individuals with AT hypertrophy vs. hyperplasia matched for sex, ethnicity, glucose-tolerance status, BMI, total and percent body fat, and waist circumference. Adipocyte size was associated with high postprandial total cardiac fatty acid uptake and higher visceral AT dietary fatty acid uptake, but lower lean tissue dietary fatty acid uptake. We found major shifts in cell transcriptomal dynamics with AT hypertrophy that were consistent with in vivo metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhou Ye
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Emilie Montastier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - André C. Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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9
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Dürig J, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. Transition metals in angiogenesis - A narrative review. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100757. [PMID: 37593220 PMCID: PMC10430620 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to offer a narrative review of the literature regarding the influence of transition metals on angiogenesis, excluding lanthanides and actinides. To our knowledge there are not any reviews up to date offering such a summary, which inclined us to write this paper. Angiogenesis describes the process of blood vessel formation, which is an essential requirement for human growth and development. When the complex interplay between pro- and antiangiogenic mediators falls out of balance, angiogenesis can quickly become harmful. As it is so fundamental, both its inhibition and enhancement take part in various diseases, making it a target for therapeutic treatments. Current methods come with limitations, therefore, novel agents are constantly being researched, with metal agents offering promising results. Various transition metals have already been investigated in-depth, with studies indicating both pro- and antiangiogenic properties, respectively. The transition metals are being applied in various formulations, such as nanoparticles, complexes, or scaffold materials. Albeit the increasing attention this field is receiving, there remain many unanswered questions, mostly regarding the molecular mechanisms behind the observed effects. Notably, approximately half of all the transition metals have not yet been investigated regarding potential angiogenic effects. Considering the promising results which have already been established, it should be of great interest to begin investigating the remaining elements whilst also further analyzing the established effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Dürig
- University of Zürich, Faculty of Medicine, Pestalozzistrasse 3, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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de Oliveira C, Gonçalves PG, Bidinotto LT. Role of EGFL7 in human cancers: A review. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1756-1767. [PMID: 37490307 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
EGFL7 is a proangiogenic factor. It has been widely described with having a vital role in tubulogenesis and regulation of angiogenesis, mainly during embryogenesis and organogenesis. It has been mainly associated with NOTCH pathway, but there are reports showing association with MAPK and integrin pathways. Given its association with angiogenesis and these other pathways, there are several studies associating EGFL7 with carcinogenesis. In fact, most of the studies have pointed to EGFL7 as an oncogene, and some of them suggest EGFL7 expression as a possible biomarker of prognosis or use for a patient's follow-up. Here, we review the molecular pathways which EGFL7 is associated and highlight several studies describing the role of EGFL7 in tumorigenesis, separated by tumor type. Besides its role on angiogenesis, EGFL7 may act in other pathways as oncogene, which makes it a possible biomarker and a candidate to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paola Gyuliane Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Tadeu Bidinotto
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Human and Experimental Biology Department, Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Xu Y, Zhou J, Jiang T, Wang J, Li C, Sun X, Song H, Song J. Targeting SMYD2 inhibits angiogenesis and increases the efficiency of apatinib by suppressing EGFL7 in colorectal cancer. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:1-18. [PMID: 35503397 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential factor affecting the occurrence and development of solid tumors. SET And MYND Domain Containing 2 (SMYD2) serves as an oncogene in various cancers. However, whether SMYD2 is involved in tumor angiogenesis remains unclear. Here, we report that SMYD2 expression is associated with microvessel density in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. SMYD2 promotes CRC angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SMYD2 physically interacts with HNRNPK and mediates lysine monomethylation at K422 of HNRNPK, which substantially increases RNA binding activity. HNRNPK acts by binding and stabilizing EGFL7 mRNA. As an angiogenic stimulant, EGFL7 enhances CRC angiogenesis. H3K4me3 maintained by PHF8 mediates the abnormal overexpression of SMYD2 in CRC. Moreover, targeting SMYD2 blocks CRC angiogenesis in tumor xenografts. Treatment with BAY-598, a functional inhibitor of SMYD2, can also synergize with apatinib in patient-derived xenografts. Overall, our findings reveal a new regulatory axis of CRC angiogenesis and provide a potential strategy for antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyu Zhou
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hu Song
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Progress of EGFL6 in angiogenesis and tumor development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2022; 15:436-443. [PMID: 36507067 PMCID: PMC9729941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) superfamily includes the protein 6 with an epidermal growth factor-like protein (EGFL6). EGFL6 has a signal peptide domain with an amino terminus and a MAM domain with a carboxy terminus. There are four whole EGF-like repeat regions and one partial EGF-like repeat region. Three of these regions include calcium-binding structures and an arg-gly-asp (RGD) integrin interaction motif. The epidermal growth factor-like (EGFL) and EGF domains have identical amino acid residues. Cell division, differentiation, mortality, cell adhesion, and migration are all affected by EGFL6. EGFL proteins are involved in a broad range of biological activities, making it important in tumor development and angiogenesis. We highlighted the latest development of EGFL6 research on tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration in this review.
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13
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Li Y, Lu Y, Qiu B, Ze Y, Li P, Du Y, Gong P, Lin J, Yao Y. Copper-containing titanium alloys promote angiogenesis in irradiated bone through releasing copper ions and regulating immune microenvironment. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213010. [PMID: 35882157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poor vascularization was demonstrated as a factor inhibiting bone regeneration in patients receiving radiotherapy. Various copper-containing materials have been reported to increase angiogenesis, therefore might improve bone formation. In this study, a Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu alloy was prepared using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic effects of the Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu alloys were examined. In vitro, Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu stimulated vascular formation by restraining inflammatory factors and provoking angiogenic factors in non-irradiated and irradiated macrophages. In vivo, the angiogenic effects of the Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu alloy were confirmed using an irradiated rat femur defect model. Moreover, we found that the biological effects of the Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu alloy were partially due to the release of copper ions and associated with PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study indicated the potential of the Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu alloy to promote angiogenesis by releasing copper ions and inhibiting inflammation in normal and irradiated tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanjin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bingrun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiting Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Feleke M, Feng W, Song D, Li H, Rothzerg E, Wei Q, Kõks S, Wood D, Liu Y, Xu J. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals differential expression of EGFL7 and VEGF in giant-cell tumor of bone and osteosarcoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1214-1227. [PMID: 35695550 PMCID: PMC9379604 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221088238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of angiogenesis is associated with tumor development and is accompanied by altered expression of pro-angiogenic factors. EGFL7 is a newly identified antigenic factor that plays a role in various cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. We have recently found that EGFL7 is expressed in the bone microenvironment, but its role in giant-cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and osteosarcoma (OS) is unknown. The aims of this study are to examine the gene expression profile of EGFL7 in GCTB and OS and compare with that of VEGF-A-D and TNFSF11 using single-cell RNA sequencing data. In-depth differential expression analyses were employed to characterize their expression in the constituent cell types of GCTB and OS. Notably, EGFL7 in GCTB was expressed at highest levels in the endothelial cell (EC) cluster followed by osteoblasts, myeloid cells, and chondrocytes, respectively. In OS, EGFL7 exhibited highest expression in EC cell cluster followed by osteoblastic OS cells, myeloid cells 1, and carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs), respectively. In comparison, VEGF-A is expressed at highest levels in myeloid cells followed by OCs in GCTB, and in myeloid cells, and OCs in OS. VEGF-B is expressed at highest levels in chondrocytes in GCTB and in OCs in OS. VEGF-C is strongly enriched in ECs and VEGF-D is expressed at weak levels in all cell types in both GCTB and OS. TNFSF11 (or RANKL) shows high expression in CAFs and osteoblastic OS cells in OS, and osteoblasts in GCTB. This study investigates pro-angiogenic genes in GCTB and OS and suggests that these genes and their expression patterns are cell-type specific and could provide potential prognostic biomarkers and cell type target treatment for GCTB and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesalie Feleke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Wenyu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Dezhi Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hengyuan Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Emel Rothzerg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - David Wood
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Jiake Xu.
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15
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Li L, Zhao Y, Hu Y, Wang X, Jin Q, Zhao Y. Recombinant EGFL7 Mitigated Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Remodeling by Blocking PI3Kγ/AKT/NFκB Signaling in Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:858118. [PMID: 35721105 PMCID: PMC9200063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.858118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction play an essential role in heart failure (HF). Epidermal growth factor-like protein 7 (EGFL7) is upregulated during pathological hypoxia and exerts a protective role. However, it is unclear whether there is a link between abnormal EGFL7 expression and inflammation in overload stress-induced heart failure. Our results showed that EGFL7 transiently increased during the early 4 weeks of TAC and in hypertensive patients without heart failure. However, it decreased to the basal line in the heart tissue 8 weeks post-transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or hypertensive patients with heart failure. Knockdown of EGFL7 with siRNA in vivo accelerated cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration 4 weeks after TAC. Deletion of macrophages in siRNA-EGFL7-TAC mice rescued that pathological phenotype. In vitro research revealed the mechanism. PI3Kγ/AKT/NFκB signaling in macrophages was activated by the supernatant from endothelial cells stimulated by siRNA-EGFL7+phenylephrine. More macrophages adhered to endothelial cells, but pretreatment of macrophages with PI3Kγ inhibitors decreased the adhesion of macrophages to endothelial cells. Ultimately, treatment with recombinant rmEGFL7 rescued cardiac dysfunction and macrophage infiltration in siRNA-EGFL7-TAC mice. In conclusion, EGFL7 is a potential inhibitor of macrophage adhesion to mouse aortic endothelial cells. The downregulation of EGFL7 combined with increased macrophage infiltration further promoted cardiac dysfunction under pressure overload stress. Mechanistically, EGFL7 reduced endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and inhibited the PI3Kγ/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, 960 Hospital of PLA(The General Hospital of Jinan Command), Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhao, ; Qun Jin,
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Liao Cheng People’s Hospital, Liao Cheng, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Medical Records, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Qun Jin
- Department of Geriatrics, 960 Hospital of PLA(The General Hospital of Jinan Command), Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhao, ; Qun Jin,
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, 960 Hospital of PLA(The General Hospital of Jinan Command), Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhao, ; Qun Jin,
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16
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Huang F, Ma Q, Li C, Liu S, Liang Y, Shi L, Yao Y. The Polymorphism and Expression of EGFL7 and miR-126 Are Associated With NSCLC Susceptibility. Front Oncol 2022; 12:772405. [PMID: 35494025 PMCID: PMC9046731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.772405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations have reported that microRNA-126 (miR-126) and its host gene, epidermal growth factor-like domain-containing protein 7 (EGFL7) are involved in lung cancer progression, suggesting EGFL7 and miR-126 play a joint role in lung cancer development. In this study, we analyzed the methylation-associated regulation of EGFL7 and miR-126 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and further investigated the association between EGFL7/miR-126 polymorphisms and NSCLC susceptibility in the Han Chinese population. Based on our data, relative to those in adjacent normal tissue, both EGFL7 expression and miR-126 expression were decreased significantly in lung cancer tissue (P = 3x10-4 and P < 1x10-4), and the expression of EGFL7 mRNA and miR-126 was significantly correlated in both NSCLC tissue n = 46, r = 0.43, P = 0.003 and adjacent normal tissue n = 46, r = 0.37, P = 0.011. Differential methylation analysis indicated that methylation levels of multiple CG loci in EGFL7 were significantly higher in the lung cancer samples than in the normal samples (P < 0.01). Moreover, EGFL7 mRNA and miR-126 were significantly upregulated after treatment with the DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) in lung cancer cell lines. In addition, the A allele of rs2297538 was significantly associated with a decreased NSCLC risk (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52~0.88), and the expression of EGFL7 and miR-126 was significantly lower in rs2297538 homozygous G/G tumor tissue than in A/G+A/A tumor tissue (P = 0.01 and P = 0.002). Our findings suggest that the expression of EGFL7 and miR-126 in NSCLC can be concomitantly downregulated through methylation and the EGFL7/miR-126 polymorphism rs2297538 is correlated with NSCLC risk. Together, these results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Fengdan Huang
- Graduate School of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chuanyin Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Li Shi, ; Yufeng Yao, ;
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Li Shi, ; Yufeng Yao, ;
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17
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Alksne M, Kalvaityte M, Simoliunas E, Gendviliene I, Barasa P, Rinkunaite I, Kaupinis A, Seinin D, Rutkunas V, Bukelskiene V. Dental pulp stem cell-derived extracellular matrix: autologous tool boosting bone regeneration. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:597-607. [PMID: 35304075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS To facilitate artificial bone construct integration into a patient's body, scaffolds are enriched with different biologically active molecules. Among various scaffold decoration techniques, coating surfaces with cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) is a rapidly growing field of research. In this study, for the first time, this technology was applied using primary dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and tested for use in artificial bone tissue construction. METHODS Rat DPSCs were grown on three-dimensional-printed porous polylactic acid scaffolds for 7 days. After the predetermined time, samples were decellularized, and the remaining ECM detailed proteomic analysis was performed. Further, DPSC-secreated ECM impact to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) behaviour as well as its role in osteoregeneration induction were analysed. RESULTS It was identified that DPSC-specific ECM protein network ornamenting surface-enhanced MSC attachment, migration and proliferation and even promoted spontaneous stem cell osteogenesis. This protein network also demonstrated angiogenic properties and did not stimulate MSCs to secrete molecules associated with scaffold rejection. With regard to bone defects, DPSC-derived ECM recruited endogenous stem cells, initiating the bone self-healing process. Thus, the DPSC-secreted ECM network was able to significantly enhance artificial bone construct integration and induce successful tissue regeneration. CONCLUSIONS DPSC-derived ECM can be a perfect tool for decoration of various biomaterials in the context of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Alksne
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Migle Kalvaityte
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Simoliunas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Gendviliene
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Barasa
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Rinkunaite
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dmitrij Seinin
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vygandas Rutkunas
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Virginija Bukelskiene
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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18
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Mehlferber MM, Jeffery ED, Saquing J, Jordan BT, Sheynkman L, Murali M, Genet G, Acharya BR, Hirschi KK, Sheynkman GM. Characterization of protein isoform diversity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via long-read proteogenomics. RNA Biol 2022; 19:1228-1243. [PMID: 36457147 PMCID: PMC9721438 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2141938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) comprise the lumenal lining of all blood vessels and are critical for the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Their phenotypes can be modulated by alternative splicing of RNA to produce distinct protein isoforms. To characterize the RNA and protein isoform landscape within ECs, we applied a long read proteogenomics approach to analyse human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Transcripts delineated from PacBio sequencing serve as the basis for a sample-specific protein database used for downstream mass-spectrometry (MS) analysis to infer protein isoform expression. We detected 53,863 transcript isoforms from 10,426 genes, with 22,195 of those transcripts being novel. Furthermore, the predominant isoform in HUVECs does not correspond with the accepted "reference isoform" 25% of the time, with vascular pathway-related genes among this group. We found 2,597 protein isoforms supported through unique peptides, with an additional 2,280 isoforms nominated upon incorporation of long-read transcript evidence. We characterized a novel alternative acceptor for endothelial-related gene CDH5, suggesting potential changes in its associated signalling pathways. Finally, we identified novel protein isoforms arising from a diversity of RNA splicing mechanisms supported by uniquely mapped novel peptides. Our results represent a high-resolution atlas of known and novel isoforms of potential relevance to endothelial phenotypes and function.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison M. Mehlferber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Erin D. Jeffery
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jamie Saquing
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ben T. Jordan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Leon Sheynkman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mayank Murali
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gael Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bipul R. Acharya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, UK
| | - Karen K. Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gloria M. Sheynkman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA,Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA,CONTACT Gloria M. Sheynkman The Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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19
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Yuan Y, Leiby KL, Greaney AM, Raredon MSB, Qian H, Schupp JC, Engler AJ, Baevova P, Adams TS, Kural MH, Wang J, Obata T, Yoder MC, Kaminski N, Niklason LE. A Pulmonary Vascular Model From Endothelialized Whole Organ Scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:760309. [PMID: 34869270 PMCID: PMC8640093 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.760309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an in vitro system for the study of lung vascular disease is critical to understanding human pathologies. Conventional culture systems fail to fully recapitulate native microenvironmental conditions and are typically limited in their ability to represent human pathophysiology for the study of disease and drug mechanisms. Whole organ decellularization provides a means to developing a construct that recapitulates structural, mechanical, and biological features of a complete vascular structure. Here, we developed a culture protocol to improve endothelial cell coverage in whole lung scaffolds and used single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis to explore the impact of decellularized whole lung scaffolds on endothelial phenotypes and functions in a biomimetic bioreactor system. Intriguingly, we found that the phenotype and functional signals of primary pulmonary microvascular revert back—at least partially—toward native lung endothelium. Additionally, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelium cultured in decellularized lung systems start to gain various native human endothelial phenotypes. Vascular barrier function was partially restored, while small capillaries remained patent in endothelial cell-repopulated lungs. To evaluate the ability of the engineered endothelium to modulate permeability in response to exogenous stimuli, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was introduced into repopulated lungs to simulate acute lung injury. After LPS treatment, proinflammatory signals were significantly increased and the vascular barrier was impaired. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel platform that recapitulates some pulmonary microvascular functions and phenotypes at a whole organ level. This development may help pave the way for using the whole organ engineering approach to model vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yuan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Katherine L Leiby
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Allison M Greaney
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hong Qian
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander J Engler
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pavlina Baevova
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Taylor S Adams
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mehmet H Kural
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Juan Wang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tomohiro Obata
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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20
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Malik R, Beaufort N, Frerich S, Gesierich B, Georgakis MK, Rannikmäe K, Ferguson AC, Haffner C, Traylor M, Ehrmann M, Sudlow CLM, Dichgans M. Whole-exome sequencing reveals a role of HTRA1 and EGFL8 in brain white matter hyperintensities. Brain 2021; 144:2670-2682. [PMID: 34626176 PMCID: PMC8557338 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are among the most common radiological abnormalities in the ageing population and an established risk factor for stroke and dementia. While common variant association studies have revealed multiple genetic loci with an influence on their volume, the contribution of rare variants to the WMH burden in the general population remains largely unexplored. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of this burden in the UK Biobank using publicly available whole-exome sequencing data (n up to 17 830) and found a splice-site variant in GBE1, encoding 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme 1, to be associated with lower white matter burden on an exome-wide level [c.691+2T>C, β = -0.74, standard error (SE) = 0.13, P = 9.7 × 10-9]. Applying whole-exome gene-based burden tests, we found damaging missense and loss-of-function variants in HTRA1 (frequency of 1 in 275 in the UK Biobank population) to associate with an increased WMH volume (P = 5.5 × 10-6, false discovery rate = 0.04). HTRA1 encodes a secreted serine protease implicated in familial forms of small vessel disease. Domain-specific burden tests revealed that the association with WMH volume was restricted to rare variants in the protease domain (amino acids 204-364; β = 0.79, SE = 0.14, P = 9.4 × 10-8). The frequency of such variants in the UK Biobank population was 1 in 450. The WMH volume was brought forward by ∼11 years in carriers of a rare protease domain variant. A comparison with the effect size of established risk factors for WMH burden revealed that the presence of a rare variant in the HTRA1 protease domain corresponded to a larger effect than meeting the criteria for hypertension (β = 0.26, SE = 0.02, P = 2.9 × 10-59) or being in the upper 99.8% percentile of the distribution of a polygenic risk score based on common genetic variants (β = 0.44, SE = 0.14, P = 0.002). In biochemical experiments, most (6/9) of the identified protease domain variants resulted in markedly reduced protease activity. We further found EGFL8, which showed suggestive evidence for association with WMH volume (P = 1.5 × 10-4, false discovery rate = 0.22) in gene burden tests, to be a direct substrate of HTRA1 and to be preferentially expressed in cerebral arterioles and arteries. In a phenome-wide association study mapping ICD-10 diagnoses to 741 standardized Phecodes, rare variants in the HTRA1 protease domain were associated with multiple neurological and non-neurological conditions including migraine with aura (odds ratio = 12.24, 95%CI: 2.54-35.25; P = 8.3 × 10-5]. Collectively, these findings highlight an important role of rare genetic variation and the HTRA1 protease in determining WMH burden in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Beaufort
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Frerich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marios K Georgakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kristiina Rannikmäe
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TL, UK
| | - Amy C Ferguson
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TL, UK
| | - Christof Haffner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthew Traylor
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- The Barts Heart Centre and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre - Barts Health NHS Trust, The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Cathie L M Sudlow
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TL, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TL, UK
- Health Data Research UK Scotland, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TL, UK
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich 81377, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich 81377, Germany
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21
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Modulating endothelial cells with EGFL7 to diminish aGVHD after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice. Blood Adv 2021; 6:2403-2408. [PMID: 34654057 PMCID: PMC9006300 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of GVHD with EGFL7 protein results in decreased disease severity and prolonged survival. EGFL7 treatment improved immune reconstitution and did not inhibit graft-versus-leukemia effect.
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is the second most common cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), underscoring the need for novel therapies. Based on previous work that endothelial cell dysfunction is present in aGVHD and that epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) plays a significant role in decreasing inflammation by repressing endothelial cell activation and T-cell migration, we hypothesized that increasing EGFL7 levels after allo-HSCT will diminish the severity of aGVHD. Here, we show that treatment with recombinant EGFL7 (rEGFL7) in 2 different murine models of aGVHD decreases aGVHD severity and improves survival in recipient mice after allogeneic transplantation with respect to controls without affecting graft-versus-leukemia effect. Furthermore, we showed that rEGFL7 treatment results in higher thymocytes, T, B, and dendritic cell counts in recipient mice after allo-HSCT. This study constitutes a proof of concept of the ability of rEGFL7 therapy to reduce GHVD severity and mortality after allo-HSCT.
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22
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Serum epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 serves as a novel diagnostic marker for early hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:772. [PMID: 34217251 PMCID: PMC8255001 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (Egfl7), a recently identified secreted protein, was significantly increased in patients with HCC by our previous studies. However, its efficacy in the diagnosis of early HCC remains unknown. In this study, we therefore evaluate the efficacy of serum Egfl7 for early HCC diagnosis and compare it with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Methods Serum Egfl7 levels in testing cohort (1081 participants) and validation cohort (476 participants) were measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The cut-off value of Egfl7 was determined by Youden’s index and the efficacies of Egfl7 and AFP in diagnosing early HCC were estimated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Results Serum Egfl7 was significantly elevated in patients with early HCC than all non-HCC controls in whatever Testing Cohort or Validation Cohort. In the Testing Cohort, ROC curves showed the optimum cut-off value of Egfl7 was 2610 ng/mL and Egfl7 showed a significantly higher sensitivity than AFP in discriminating early HCC from healthy individuals (77.4% vs. 65.3%, P = 0.0013) but the area under ROC (AUROC) and accuracy of Egfl7 and AFP were similar (0.860 vs. 0.868, P = 0.704; 80.2% vs. 83.8%, P = 0.184). In distinguishing patients with early HCC from patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), the AUROC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Egfl7 were 0.800, 75.2, 71.7 and 73.5%, which were all significantly higher than AFP (0.675, 61.8, 62.0 and 61.9% in order). Egfl7 also showed a significant higher sensitivity and accuracy than AFP (76.6% vs. 64.0%, P = 0.0031; 79.9% vs. 66.1%, P < 0.0001) in differentiating early HCC patients from non-HCC individuals. Additionally, 70.8% of early HCC patients with negative AFP could be diagnosed by Egfl7 and the combined use of Egfl7 and AFP increased the sensitivity to 91.0%. These results were confirmed by a validation cohort. Conclusion Egfl7 is a valuable serum marker in the diagnosis of early HCC and could complement the efficacy of AFP, especially in distinguishing early HCC from CLD and identifying patients with AFP-negative early HCC.
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23
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Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for the physiological development and functioning of tissues but is pathologically disrupted in cancer. Indeed, abnormal regulation of integrin receptors and ECM ligands allows cancer cells to break down tissue borders, breach into blood and lymphatic vessels, and survive traveling in suspension through body fluids or residing in metabolically or pharmacologically hostile environments. Different molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the modulation of integrin adhesive function or mechanochemical signaling are altered and participate in cancer. Cancer development and progression are also bolstered by dysfunctionalities of integrin-mediated ECM adhesion occurring both in tumor cells and in elements of the surrounding tumor microenvironment, such as vascular cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells. Mounting evidence suggests that integrin inhibitors may be effectively exploited to overcome resistance to standard-of-care anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Valdembri
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l’Oncologia (FPO) - IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l’Oncologia (FPO) - IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
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24
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Hocker JD, Poirion OB, Zhu F, Buchanan J, Zhang K, Chiou J, Wang TM, Zhang Q, Hou X, Li YE, Zhang Y, Farah EN, Wang A, McCulloch AD, Gaulton KJ, Ren B, Chi NC, Preissl S. Cardiac cell type-specific gene regulatory programs and disease risk association. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf1444. [PMID: 33990324 PMCID: PMC8121433 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Misregulated gene expression in human hearts can result in cardiovascular diseases that are leading causes of mortality worldwide. However, the limited information on the genomic location of candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) such as enhancers and promoters in distinct cardiac cell types has restricted the understanding of these diseases. Here, we defined >287,000 cCREs in the four chambers of the human heart at single-cell resolution, which revealed cCREs and candidate transcription factors associated with cardiac cell types in a region-dependent manner and during heart failure. We further found cardiovascular disease-associated genetic variants enriched within these cCREs including 38 candidate causal atrial fibrillation variants localized to cardiomyocyte cCREs. Additional functional studies revealed that two of these variants affect a cCRE controlling KCNH2/HERG expression and action potential repolarization. Overall, this atlas of human cardiac cCREs provides the foundation for illuminating cell type-specific gene regulation in human hearts during health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Hocker
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier B Poirion
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fugui Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin Buchanan
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Chiou
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tsui-Min Wang
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qingquan Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Hou
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yang E Li
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanxiao Zhang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elie N Farah
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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25
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Chen B, Banton MC, Singh L, Parkinson DB, Dun XP. Single Cell Transcriptome Data Analysis Defines the Heterogeneity of Peripheral Nerve Cells in Homeostasis and Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:624826. [PMID: 33828460 PMCID: PMC8019921 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.624826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies and the development of bioinformatics pipelines enable us to more accurately define the heterogeneity of cell types in a selected tissue. In this report, we re-analyzed recently published single-cell RNA sequencing data sets and provide a rationale to redefine the heterogeneity of cells in both intact and injured mouse peripheral nerves. Our analysis showed that, in both intact and injured peripheral nerves, cells could be functionally classified into four categories: Schwann cells, nerve fibroblasts, immune cells, and cells associated with blood vessels. Nerve fibroblasts could be sub-clustered into epineurial, perineurial, and endoneurial fibroblasts. Identified immune cell clusters include macrophages, mast cells, natural killer cells, T and B lymphocytes as well as an unreported cluster of neutrophils. Cells associated with blood vessels include endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. We show that endothelial cells in the intact mouse sciatic nerve have three sub-types: epineurial, endoneurial, and lymphatic endothelial cells. Analysis of cell type-specific gene changes revealed that Schwann cells and endoneurial fibroblasts are the two most important cell types promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. Analysis of communication between these cells identified potential signals for early blood vessel regeneration, neutrophil recruitment of macrophages, and macrophages activating Schwann cells. Through this analysis, we also report appropriate marker genes for future single cell transcriptome data analysis to identify cell types in intact and injured peripheral nerves. The findings from our analysis could facilitate a better understanding of cell biology of peripheral nerves in homeostasis, regeneration, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Matthew C Banton
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Lolita Singh
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - David B Parkinson
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Xin-Peng Dun
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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26
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Nakajima H, Chiba A, Fukumoto M, Morooka N, Mochizuki N. Zebrafish Vascular Development: General and Tissue-Specific Regulation. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:145-159. [PMID: 34095009 PMCID: PMC8159758 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulation is required for the delivery of oxygen and nutrition to tissues and organs, as well as waste collection. Therefore, the heart and vessels develop first during embryogenesis. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood cells, which originate from the mesoderm. The gene expression pattern required for blood vessel development is predetermined by the hierarchical and sequential regulation of genes for the differentiation of mesodermal cells. Herein, we review how blood vessels form distinctly in different tissues or organs of zebrafish and how vessel formation is universally or tissue-specifically regulated by signal transduction pathways and blood flow. In addition, the unsolved issues of mutual contacts and interplay of circulatory organs during embryogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Ayano Chiba
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Moe Fukumoto
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Nanami Morooka
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
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27
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Matsukura T, Kataoka C, Kawana Y, Fujita M, Kashiwada S. Silver nanocolloid affects hindbrain vascular formation during medaka embryogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:417-424. [PMID: 33098621 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the normal development of an embryo. Silver nanocolloid (SNC) is known to induce vascular malformation in the medaka embryo. We focused on the development of the central arteries (CtAs) in the hindbrain of Japanese medaka. The CtAs and the basilar artery from which they branch are essential for transporting the blood and nutrients necessary to support the hindbrain parenchyma and the development of the pons and cerebellum from the hindbrain. We exposed medaka embryos at developmental stage 21 (6 somite stage), to 0, 0.5, 5, or 10 mg/L SNC and evaluated hatching rate, number of thrombi per embryo, head size (length and width), body length, and angiogenesis. Although all SNC-exposed embryos hatched, their head size and body length were small in comparison to controls; in addition, the number of thrombi in the head increased and head size and body length decreased as the SNC concentration increased. To evaluate vasculogenic abnormalities, we performed whole-mount in situ hybridization using a vascular marker (eg, fl7) and visualized the CtAs in medaka embryos. In control embryos, CtAs started to sprout at stage 32 (somite completion stage) and their extension was complete by stage 35 (pectoral fin blood circulation stage). In contrast, CtAs failed to sprout in SNC-exposed embryos, and thrombi were present. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that SNC significantly suppressed the egfl7 expression level at stage 35. Together, our findings suggest that SNC induced decreased developments of head and body in medaka embryos due to insufficient angiogenesis and hindbrain vascular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Matsukura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Japan
| | | | - Yohei Kawana
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Japan
| | - Misato Fujita
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Japan
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Japan
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28
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The Multifaceted Roles of EGFL7 in Cancer and Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051014. [PMID: 33804387 PMCID: PMC7957479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer growth and metastasis require interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is home to many biomolecules that support the formation of new vessels and cancer growth. One of these biomolecules is epidermal growth factor-like protein-7 (EGFL7). EGFL7 alters cellular adhesion to the ECM and migratory behavior of tumor and immune cells contributing to tumor metastasis. EGFL7 is engaged in the formation of new vessels and changes in ECM stiffness. One of its binding partners on the endothelial and cancer cell surface is beta 3 integrin. Beta 3 integrin pathways are under intense investigation in search of new therapies to kill cancer cells. All these properties enable EGFL7 to contribute to drug resistance. In this review, we give insight into recent studies on EGFL7 and its engagement with beta3 integrin, a marker predicting cancer stem cells and drug resistance. Abstract Invasion of cancer cells into surrounding tissue and the vasculature is an important step for tumor progression and the establishment of distant metastasis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is home to many biomolecules that support new vessel formation and cancer growth. Endothelial cells release growth factors such as epidermal growth factor-like protein-7 (EGFL7), which contributes to the formation of the tumor vasculature. The signaling axis formed by EGFL7 and one of its receptors, beta 3 integrin, has emerged as a key mediator in the regulation of tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Here we summarize recent studies on the role of the ECM-linked angiocrine factor EGFL7 in primary tumor growth, neoangiogenesis, tumor metastasis by enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, alterations in ECM rigidity, and drug resistance. We discuss its role in cellular adhesion and migration, vascular leakiness, and the anti-cancer response and provide background on its transcriptional regulation. Finally, we discuss its potential as a drug target as an anti-cancer strategy.
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29
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Hakar MH, White K, Hansford BG, Swensen J, Davis JL. Novel EGFL7-FOSB fusion in pseudomyogenic haemangioendothelioma with widely metastatic disease. Histopathology 2021; 79:888-891. [PMID: 33550637 DOI: 10.1111/his.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie H Hakar
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, USA
| | - Kevin White
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, USA
| | - Barry G Hansford
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Jessica L Davis
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, USA
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30
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Alizada A, Khyzha N, Wang L, Antounians L, Chen X, Khor M, Liang M, Rathnakumar K, Weirauch MT, Medina-Rivera A, Fish JE, Wilson MD. Conserved regulatory logic at accessible and inaccessible chromatin during the acute inflammatory response in mammals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:567. [PMID: 33495464 PMCID: PMC7835376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory elements controlling gene expression during acute inflammation are not fully elucidated. Here we report the identification of a set of NF-κB-bound elements and common chromatin landscapes underlying the acute inflammatory response across cell-types and mammalian species. Using primary vascular endothelial cells (human/mouse/bovine) treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, we identify extensive (~30%) conserved orthologous binding of NF-κB to accessible, as well as nucleosome-occluded chromatin. Regions with the highest NF-κB occupancy pre-stimulation show dramatic increases in NF-κB binding and chromatin accessibility post-stimulation. These 'pre-bound' regions are typically conserved (~56%), contain multiple NF-κB motifs, are utilized by diverse cell types, and overlap rare non-coding mutations and common genetic variation associated with both inflammatory and cardiovascular phenotypes. Genetic ablation of conserved, 'pre-bound' NF-κB regions within the super-enhancer associated with the chemokine-encoding CCL2 gene and elsewhere supports the functional relevance of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Alizada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Genetics and Genome Biology, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nadiya Khyzha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liangxi Wang
- Hospital for Sick Children, Genetics and Genome Biology, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lina Antounians
- Hospital for Sick Children, Genetics and Genome Biology, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Melvin Khor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Minggao Liang
- Hospital for Sick Children, Genetics and Genome Biology, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kumaragurubaran Rathnakumar
- Hospital for Sick Children, Genetics and Genome Biology, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alejandra Medina-Rivera
- Hospital for Sick Children, Genetics and Genome Biology, Toronto, Canada
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Jason E Fish
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- University Health Network, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Hospital for Sick Children, Genetics and Genome Biology, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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31
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Shi S, Ma T, Xi Y. A Pan-Cancer Study of Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Domains 6/7/8 as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 11:598743. [PMID: 33391349 PMCID: PMC7773905 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.598743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With highly homologous epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like (EGFL) domains, the members of the EGFL family play crucial roles in growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumors and are closely associated with the apoptosis of tumor cells and tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, their contribution to immunoreaction and tumor microenvironment is highly known. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of EGFL6, -7, and -8 was performed on the basis of their expression profiles and their relationship with the rate of patient survival. Through a pan-cancer study, their effects were correlated with immune subtypes, tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer data, expression profiles of EGFL6, -7, and -8, and their association with the patient survival rate and tumor microenvironment were analyzed in 33 types of cancers. The expression of the EGFL family was different in different cancer types, revealing the heterogeneity among cancers. The results showed that the expression of EGFL8 was lower than EGFL6 and EGFL7 among all cancer types, wherein EGFL7 had the highest expression. The univariate Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that EGFL6 and EGFL7 were the risk factors to predict poor prognosis of cancers. Survival analysis was then used to verify the relationship between gene expression and patient survival. Furthermore, EGFL6, EGFL7, and EGFL8 genes revealed a clear association with immune infiltrate subtypes; they were also related to the infiltration level of stromal cells and immune cells with different degrees. Moreover, they were negatively correlated with the characteristics of cancer stem cells measured by DNAs and RNAs. In addition, EGFL6, -7, and -8 were more likely to contribute to the resistance of cancer cells. Our systematic analysis of EGFL gene expression and their correlation with immune infiltration, tumor microenvironment, and prognosis of cancer patients emphasized the necessity of studying each EGFL member as a separate entity within each particular type of cancer. Simultaneously, EGFL6, -7, and -8 signals were verified as promising targets for cancer therapies, although further laboratory validation is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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32
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Brunhara BB, Becker AP, Neder L, Gonçalves PG, de Oliveira C, Clara CA, Reis RM, Bidinotto LT. Evaluation of the prognostic potential of EGFL7 in pilocytic astrocytomas. Neuropathology 2020; 41:21-28. [PMID: 33191640 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most frequent solid neoplasm in childhood. It has a good 5-year overall survival (90% in childhood and 52% in adults). However, up to 20% of patients experience residual tumor growth, recurrence, and death. Although the main genetic alteration of PAs, including KIAA1549:BRAF fusion, involves chromosome 7q34, we previously found frequent loss in chr9q34.3 locus in a small subset of these tumors. Among the genes present in this locus, EGFL7 is related to poor prognosis in several tumor types. In this study, we aimed to assess EGFL7 expression through immunohistochemistry, and to evaluate its prognostic value in a series of 64 clinically and molecularly well-characterized pilocytic astrocytomas. We found high expression of EGFL7 in 71.9% of patients. Low EGFL7 expression was associated with older patients, the mean age mainly older than 11 years (P = 0.027). EGFL7 expression was not associated with presence of KIAA1549:BRAF fusion, BRAF mutation, FGFR1 mutation, nor FGFR1 duplication. Moreover, high EGFL7 expression was associated with high FGFR1 (P = 0.037) and 5'-deoxy-5'-methyltioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) (P = 0.005) expression, and with unfavorable outcome of patients (P = 0.047). Multivariate analysis revealed low EGFL7 expression related to older patients and high EGFL7 expression related to retained expression of MTAP. In addition, we found a borderline significance of unfavorable outcome and high EGFL7 expression. Finally, EGFL7 expression was not associated with overall or event-free survival of PA patients. Our findings point to EGFL7 expression as a novel candidate prognostic marker in PA, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno B Brunhara
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Aline P Becker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Luciano Neder
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Paola G Gonçalves
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Clara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lucas T Bidinotto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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33
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Wang FYF, Wang-Gou SY, Cao H, Jiang N, Yang Q, Huang Q, Huang CH, Li XJ. Proteomics identifies EGF-like domain multiple 7 as a potential therapeutic target for epidermal growth factor receptor-positive glioma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:518-530. [PMID: 32888253 PMCID: PMC7571400 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma, the most frequent primary tumor of the central nervous system, has poor prognosis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and angiogenesis play important roles in glioma growth, invasion, and recurrence. The present study aimed to use proteomic methods to probe into the role of the EGF‐EGFR‐angiogenesis axis in the tumorigenesis of glioma and access the therapeutic efficacy of selumetinib on glioma. Methods Proteomic profiling was used to characterize 200 paired EGFR‐positive and EGFR‐negative glioma tissues of all pathological types. The quantitative mass spectrometry data were used for systematic analysis of the proteomic profiles of 10 EGFR‐positive and 10 EGFR‐negative glioma cases. Consensus‐clustering analysis was used to screen target proteins. Immunofluorescence analysis, cell growth assay, and intracranial xenograft experiments were used to verify and test the therapeutic effect of selumetinib on glioma. Results Advanced proteomic screening demonstrated that the expression of EGF‐like domain multiple 7 (EGFL7) was higher in EGFR‐positive tumor tissues than in EGFR‐negative tumor tissues. In addition, EGFL7 could act as an activator in vitro and in vivo to promote glioma cell proliferation. EGFL7 was associated strongly with EGFR and prognosis. EGFL7 knockdown effectively suppressed glioma cell proliferation. Selumetinib treatment showed tumor reduction effect in EGFR‐positive glioblastoma xenograft mouse model. Conclusions EGFL7 is a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of glioma. Selumetinib could target the EGFR pathway and possibly improve the prognosis of EGFR‐positive glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yi-Fan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yi Wang-Gou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Hang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
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34
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Nagl L, Horvath L, Pircher A, Wolf D. Tumor Endothelial Cells (TECs) as Potential Immune Directors of the Tumor Microenvironment - New Findings and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:766. [PMID: 32974337 PMCID: PMC7466447 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in cancer development and progression. It represents a complex network of cancer cell (sub-)clones and a variety of stromal cell types. Recently, new technology platforms shed light on the cellular composition of the TME at very high resolution and identified a complex landscape of multi-lineage immune cells (e.g., T and B lymphocytes, myeloid cells, and dendritic cells), cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) and tumor endothelial cells (TECs). A growing body of evidence suggests that metabolically, genetically and on their transcriptomic profile TECs exhibit unique phenotypic and functional characteristics when compared to normal endothelial cells (NECs). Furthermore, the functional role of TECs is multifaceted as they are not only relevant for promoting tumor angiogenesis but have also evolved as key mediators of immune regulation in the TME. Regulatory mechanisms are complex and profoundly impact peripheral immune cell trafficking into the tumor compartment by acting as major gatekeepers of cellular transmigration. Moreover, TECs are associated with T cell priming, activation and proliferation by acting as antigen-presenting cells themselves. TECs are also essential for the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the tumor, which have recently been associated with treatment response to checkpoint antibody therapy. Further essential characteristics of TECs compared to NECs are their high proliferative potential as well as greatly altered gene expression profile (e.g., upregulation of pro-angiogenic, extracellular matrix remodeling, and stemness genes), which results in enhanced secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines and altered cell-surface receptors [e.g., major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and immune checkpoints]. The TEC phenotype may be rooted in an aggressive tumor micro-milieu based on cellular stress via hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Vice versa TECs might modulate TME immunogenicity thereby fostering cancer-associated immune suppression. This review aims to elucidate the currently emergent pathophysiological aspects of TECs with a particular focus on their potential role as regulators of immune cell function in the TME. It is a main future challenge to deeply characterize the phenotypic and functional profile of TECs to illuminate their complex role within the TME. The ultimate goal is the identification of TEC-specific drug targets to improve cancer (immuno-)therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenz Nagl
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lena Horvath
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Haematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute (TKFI), Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immunoncology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
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35
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Monsanto MM, Wang BJ, Ehrenberg ZR, Echeagaray O, White KS, Alvarez R, Fisher K, Sengphanith S, Muliono A, Gude NA, Sussman MA. Enhancing myocardial repair with CardioClusters. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3955. [PMID: 32769998 PMCID: PMC7414230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy to treat heart failure is an ongoing focus of intense research, but progress toward structural and functional recovery remains modest. Engineered augmentation of established cellular effectors overcomes impediments to enhance reparative activity. Such 'next generation' implementation includes delivery of combinatorial cell populations exerting synergistic effects. Concurrent isolation and expansion of three distinct cardiac-derived interstitial cell types from human heart tissue, previously reported by our group, prompted design of a 3D structure that maximizes cellular interaction, allows for defined cell ratios, controls size, enables injectability, and minimizes cell loss. Herein, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and c-Kit+ cardiac interstitial cells (cCICs) when cultured together spontaneously form scaffold-free 3D microenvironments termed CardioClusters. scRNA-Seq profiling reveals CardioCluster expression of stem cell-relevant factors, adhesion/extracellular-matrix molecules, and cytokines, while maintaining a more native transcriptome similar to endogenous cardiac cells. CardioCluster intramyocardial delivery improves cell retention and capillary density with preservation of cardiomyocyte size and long-term cardiac function in a murine infarction model followed 20 weeks. CardioCluster utilization in this preclinical setting establish fundamental insights, laying the framework for optimization in cell-based therapeutics intended to mitigate cardiomyopathic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Monsanto
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Zach R Ehrenberg
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Oscar Echeagaray
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Kevin S White
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Kristina Fisher
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Sharon Sengphanith
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Alvin Muliono
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Natalie A Gude
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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36
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Zhang Y, Qin X, Jiang J, Zhao W. MicroRNA-126 exerts antitumor functions in ovarian cancer by targeting EGFL7 and affecting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1327-1335. [PMID: 32724375 PMCID: PMC7377137 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecological malignant carcinoma worldwide. Accumulating research has revealed that multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) are abnormally expressed at different levels in various malignancies, playing vital roles in tumorigenesis. This study investigated the regulatory functions and potential mechanism of miR-126 in OC proliferation, invasion and migration. It was found that miR-126 was prominently downregulated in OC. Moreover, the decrease of miR-126 promoted the aggressive phenotypes and indicated poor prognosis of OC patients. Functional assays demonstrated that restoration of miR-126 dramatically repressed OC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify putative binding sites of miR-126 in the epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) 3 untranslated region (3'UTR), indicating that EGFL7 was a target gene of miR-126 in OC cells. It was further discovered that miR-126 exerts its function on regulating ERK/MAPK pathway and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OC cells. The above findings suggested that miR-126 served as a cancer suppressor in OC, suggesting a promising application of miR-126 in the clinical diagnosis and therapeutics of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhangqiu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Nursing, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266041, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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37
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Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Alexdottir MS, Valdimarsdottir G. The TGFβ Family in Human Placental Development at the Fetal-Maternal Interface. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030453. [PMID: 32183218 PMCID: PMC7175362 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that a trophoblast stem cell (TSC) population exists in the early human placenta. However, in vitro stem cell culture models are still in development and it remains under debate how well they reflect primary trophoblast (TB) cells. The absence of robust protocols to generate TSCs from humans has resulted in limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate human placental development and TB lineage specification when compared to other human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). As placentation in mouse and human differ considerably, it is only with the development of human-based disease models using TSCs that we will be able to understand the various diseases caused by abnormal placentation in humans, such as preeclampsia. In this review, we summarize the knowledge on normal human placental development, the placental disease preeclampsia, and current stem cell model systems used to mimic TB differentiation. A special focus is given to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) family as it has been shown that the TGFβ family has an important role in human placental development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Dept. Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Dept. Reproductive Medicine Anatomy and Embryology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta S. Alexdottir
- Department of Anatomy, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Gudrun Valdimarsdottir
- Department of Anatomy, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +354-5254797
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38
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Liu Q, He H, Yuan Y, Zeng H, Wang Z, Luo W. Novel Expression of EGFL7 in Osteosarcoma and Sensitivity to Cisplatin. Front Oncol 2020; 10:74. [PMID: 32117731 PMCID: PMC7016045 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) is a protein specifically secreted by blood vessel endothelial cells, which plays an important role in angiogenesis. Considering the aberrant secretion of EGFL7 in osteosarcoma (OS) has not yet been elucidated, this study investigated the secretion of EGFL7 in OS and the changes in its secretion after chemotherapy. We observed increased varying secretion of EGFL7 in OS tissues compared with chondrosarcoma (CS) tissues. OS cell lines and HUVECs showed higher EGFL7 mRNA and protein expression than SW1353, with OS cells expressing the highest levels. In patient samples, EGFL7 was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of OS tumor cells and vascular endothelium cells. This overexpression was abolished in OS cell and tumor tissues when treated with chemotherapy. This study is a pioneering study to investigate EGFL7 expression and localization in human OS tissues and cell. Overexpression of EGFL-7 in response to chemotherapy suggests that it can be used as a therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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39
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Bill M, Pathmanathan A, Karunasiri M, Shen C, Burke MH, Ranganathan P, Papaioannou D, Zitzer NC, Snyder K, LaRocco A, Walker AE, Brannan ZJ, Nalin AP, Freud AG, Dikov MM, Zhang X, Bloomfield CD, Garzon R, Dorrance AM. EGFL7 Antagonizes NOTCH Signaling and Represents a Novel Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:669-678. [PMID: 31672772 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE EGF-like domain 7 (EGFL7) is a secreted protein and recently has been shown to play an important role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the underlying mechanism by which EGFL7 promotes leukemogenesis is largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using an antibody interaction array, we measured the ability of EGFL7 to bind directly approximately 400 proteins expressed by primary AML blasts. Primary patient samples were stimulated in vitro with recombinant EGFL7 (rEGFL7) or anti-EGFL7 blocking antibody to assess alterations in downstream signaling and the ability to effect blast differentiation and survival. We treated three independent AML models with anti-EGFL7 or IgG1 control to determine whether anti-EGFL7 could prolong survival in vivo. RESULTS We found EGFL7 significantly binds several signaling proteins important for normal and malignant hematopoiesis including NOTCH. Stimulation of AML blasts with rEGFL7 reduced NOTCH intracellular domain and NOTCH target gene expression while treatment with an anti-EGFL7 blocking antibody resulted in reactivation of NOTCH signaling, increased differentiation, and apoptosis. Competitive ligand-binding assays showed rEGFL7 inhibits DELTA-like (DLL) 4-mediated NOTCH activation while anti-EGFL7 combined with DLL4 significantly increased NOTCH activation and induced apoptosis. Using three different AML mouse models, we demonstrated that in vivo treatment with anti-EGFL7 alone results in increased survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that EGFL7 contributes to NOTCH silencing in AML by antagonizing canonical NOTCH ligand binding. Reactivation of NOTCH signaling in vivo using anti-EGFL7 results in prolonged survival of leukemic mice, supporting the use of EGFL7 as a novel therapeutic target in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- EGF Family of Proteins/genetics
- EGF Family of Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, Notch/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bill
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Aparna Pathmanathan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Malith Karunasiri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Changxian Shen
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew H Burke
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Parvathi Ranganathan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dimitrios Papaioannou
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nina C Zitzer
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Katiri Snyder
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Allison LaRocco
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Allison E Walker
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zachary J Brannan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ansel P Nalin
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Aharon G Freud
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mikhail M Dikov
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Clara D Bloomfield
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adrienne M Dorrance
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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40
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Kang J, Wang J, Tian J, Shi R, Jia H, Wang Y. The emerging role of EGFL6 in angiogenesis and tumor progression. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1320-1326. [PMID: 32624687 PMCID: PMC7330666 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor-like domain-containing protein 6 (EGFL6) belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) superfamily. EGFL6 is expressed at higher levels in embryos and various malignant tumors than in normal tissues. Recent studies suggest that EGFL6 participates in the development of a variety of tumors. In this review, we summarize findings that support the role for EGFL6 in tumor proliferation, invasion and migration. Furthermore, our review results indicate the mechanism of EGFL6 activity angiogenesis. We also describe work toward the preparation of monoclonal antibodies against EGFL6. Altogether, the work of this review promotes understanding of the role of EGFL6 in tumor development, the mechanism of that action, and the potential of EGFL6 as a therapeutic target for tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jihua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruyi Shi
- Department of Cell biology and Genetics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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41
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Tomasetti M, Gaetani S, Monaco F, Neuzil J, Santarelli L. Epigenetic Regulation of miRNA Expression in Malignant Mesothelioma: miRNAs as Biomarkers of Early Diagnosis and Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1293. [PMID: 31850200 PMCID: PMC6897284 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos exposure leads to epigenetic and epigenomic modifications that, in association with ROS-induced DNA damage, contribute to cancer onset. Few miRNAs epigenetically regulated in MM have been described in literature; miR-126, however, is one of them, and its expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Asbestos exposure induces early changes in the miRNAs, which are reversibly expressed as protective species, and their inability to reverse reflects the inability of the cells to restore the physiological miRNA levels despite the cessation of carcinogen exposure. Changes in miRNA expression, which results from genetic/epigenetic changes during tumor formation and evolution, can be detected in fluids and used as cancer biomarkers. This article has reviewed the epigenetic mechanisms involved in miRNA expression in MM, focusing on their role as biomarkers of early diagnosis and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tomasetti
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Cancer Research Group, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Molecular Therapy Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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42
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Kukava NG, Shkhnovich RM, Osmak GZ, Baulina NM, Matveeva NA, Favorova OO. [The Role of microRNA in the Development of Ischemic Heart Disease]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:78-87. [PMID: 31615390 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.10.n558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the most clinically significant manifestation of atherosclerosis and the main cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Atherogenesis is a complex process, involving various types of cells and regulatory molecules. MicroRNA molecules were discovered at the end of the 20th century, and nowadays are the important regulators of several pathophysiological processes of atherogenesis. The review examines data on the participation of various microRNAs in the development of atherosclerosis and its main clinical manifestations and discusses the possibility of using microRNAs as diagnostic markers for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Kukava
- Institute of Clinical Cardiology named after A.L. Myasnikov, National Cardiology Research Center
| | - R M Shkhnovich
- Institute of Clinical Cardiology named after A.L. Myasnikov, National Cardiology Research Center; Medical Academy of Continuing Education Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
| | - G Z Osmak
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology
| | - N M Baulina
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology
| | - N A Matveeva
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology
| | - O O Favorova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology
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43
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Richter A, Alexdottir MS, Magnus SH, Richter TR, Morikawa M, Zwijsen A, Valdimarsdottir G. EGFL7 Mediates BMP9-Induced Sprouting Angiogenesis of Endothelial Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1250-1259. [PMID: 31155507 PMCID: PMC6565989 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are instrumental in characterizing the molecular mechanisms of human vascular development and disease. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a pivotal role in cardiovascular development in mice, but their importance for vascular cells derived from hESCs has not yet been fully explored. Here, we demonstrate that BMP9 promotes, via its receptor ALK1 and SMAD1/5 activation, sprouting angiogenesis of hESC-derived endothelial cells. We show that the secreted angiogenic factor epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) is a downstream target of BMP9-SMAD1/5-mediated signaling, and that EGFL7 promotes expansion of endothelium via interference with NOTCH signaling, activation of ERK, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of EGFL7 highlights the critical role of EGFL7 in BMP9-induced endothelial sprouting and the promotion of angiogenesis. Our study illustrates the complex role of the BMP family in orchestrating hESC vascular development and endothelial sprouting. BMP9/ALK1 signaling induces sprouting of hESC-derived endothelial cells EGFL7 mediates BMP9-induced sprouting angiogenesis of hESC-derived endothelial cells EGFL7 inhibits the NOTCH pathway and activates the ERK pathway in HUVECs EGFL7 affects the extracellular matrix in HUVECs
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Richter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Marta S Alexdottir
- Department of Anatomy, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Svala H Magnus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tobias R Richter
- Department of Anatomy, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, ON4 Herestraat 49, Box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, ON4 Herestraat 49, Box 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Valdimarsdottir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Anatomy, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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44
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Massimiani M, Lacko LA, Burke Swanson CS, Salvi S, Argueta LB, Moresi S, Ferrazzani S, Gelber SE, Baergen RN, Toschi N, Campagnolo L, Stuhlmann H. Increased circulating levels of Epidermal Growth Factor-like Domain 7 in pregnant women affected by preeclampsia. Transl Res 2019; 207:19-29. [PMID: 30620888 PMCID: PMC6486846 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proper placental development is crucial to establish a successful pregnancy. Defective placentation is the major cause of several pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia (PE). We have previously demonstrated that the secreted factor Epidermal Growth Factor-like Domain 7 (EGFL7) is expressed in trophoblast cells of the human placenta and that it regulates trophoblast migration and invasion, suggesting a role in placental development. In the present study, we demonstrate that circulating levels of EGFL7 are undetectable in nonpregnant women, increase during pregnancy and decline toward term. Close to term, circulating levels of EGFL7 are significantly higher in patients affected by PE when compared to normal pregnancies. Consistent with these results, villus explant cultures obtained from placentas affected by PE display increased release of EGFL7 in the culture medium when compared to those from normal placentas. Our results suggest that increased release of placenta-derived EGFL7 and increased circulating levels of EGFL7 are associated with the clinical manifestation of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Massimiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauretta A Lacko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Clare S Burke Swanson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Silvia Salvi
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lissenya B Argueta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sascia Moresi
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Ferrazzani
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Shari E Gelber
- Department of ObGyn, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca N Baergen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Radiology, "Athinoula A. Martinos" Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luisa Campagnolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Heidi Stuhlmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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45
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In vivo transduction of ETV2 improves cardiac function and induces vascular regeneration following myocardial infarction. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-14. [PMID: 30755583 PMCID: PMC6372609 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular regeneration in ischemic hearts has been considered a target for new therapeutic strategies. It has been reported that ETV2 is essential for vascular development, injury-induced neovascularization and direct cell reprogramming of non-endothelial cells into endothelial cells. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential of ETV2 in murine models of myocardial infarction in vivo. Direct myocardial delivery of lentiviral ETV2 into rodents undergoing myocardial infarction dramatically upregulated the expression of markers for angiogenesis as well as anti-fibrosis and anti-inflammatory factors in vivo. Consistent with these findings, echocardiography showed significantly improved cardiac function in hearts with induced myocardial infarction upon ETV2 injection compared to that in the control virus-injected group as determined by enhanced ejection fraction and fractional shortening. In addition, ETV2-injected hearts were protected against massive fibrosis with a remarkable increase in capillary density. Interestingly, major fractions of capillaries were stained positive for ETV2. In addition, ECs infected with ETV2 showed enhanced proliferation, suggesting a direct role of ETV2 in vascular regeneration in diseased hearts. Furthermore, culture media from ETV2-overexpressing cardiac fibroblasts promoted endothelial cell migration based on scratch assay. Importantly, intramyocardial injection of the adeno-associated virus form of ETV2 into rat hearts with induced myocardial infarction designed for clinical applicability consistently resulted in significant augmentation of cardiac function. We provide compelling evidence that ETV2 has a robust effect on vascular regeneration and enhanced cardiac repair after myocardial infarction, highlighting a potential therapeutic function of ETV2 as an efficient means to treat failing hearts. A gene therapy strategy that stimulates cardiovascular repair could improve recovery for heart attack patients. Heart attacks inflict severe damage on the heart and blood vessels, tissues with limited capacity for self-repair. Researchers led by Kiwon Ban of the City University of Hong Kong and Hun-Jun Park of the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, have now demonstrated that a gene responsible for cardiovascular development can also efficiently stimulate heart repair. They used viruses to deliver the gene into a mouse model of heart attack, and showed that treated heart tissues exhibited strong recovery relative to untreated controls. The treatment reduced scar tissue formation and promoted proliferation of the cells lining blood vessels and blood vessel formation, measurably improving heart function. This approach could lay the groundwork for treating a common potentially fatal event.
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46
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Mammola CL, Vetuschi A, Pannarale L, Sferra R, Mancinelli R. Epidermal growth factor-like domain multiple 7 (EGFL7): Expression and possible effect on biliary epithelium growth in cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62. [PMID: 30504933 PMCID: PMC6291760 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive biliary tract malignancy with limited treatment options and low survival rates. The intrahepatic subtype comprises two forms: mucin-iCCA and mixed-iCCA. Epidermal growth factor-like domain multiple (EGFL7) is overexpressed in less differentiated liver tumors. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of EGFL7 due to its possible role in the growth of CCA. Hematoxylin & Eosin and periodic acid- Schiff staining were used to evaluate the morphological aspects and glycogen deposition. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to identify the presence of EGFL7 both in tumor sections ex vivo and in appropriate cell lines in culture. We found that EGFL7 is expressed in malignant cholangiocytes of mixed-iCCA and absent in mucin-iCCA. In conclusion the expression of EGFL7 might be useful in the classification of CCA subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina L Mammola
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences.
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47
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EGFL6 promotes breast cancer by simultaneously enhancing cancer cell metastasis and stimulating tumor angiogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 38:2123-2134. [PMID: 30455428 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
EGFL6, a member of the EGF-like superfamily, plays an important role during embryonic development and has been implicated in promotion of tumor angiogenesis without affecting wound healing. There is very little known about the function of EGFL6 in cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether EGFL6 plays a direct role in cancer cells in addition to the promotion of tumor angiogenesis. Our study showed that EGFL6 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness of breast cancer cells and increased cell migration and invasion in cell culture studies. We also found that EGFL6 reduced apoptotic signaling in cancer cells and promoted tumor growth in vivo. Importantly, expression of EGFL6 in cancer cells and tumor endothelial cells not only increased tumor angiogenesis but also promoted migration of cancer cells. Such dual engagement of cancer and stromal cells suggests crosstalk mediated by EGFL6 in the tumor microenvironment. Blockade of EGFL6 using our novel anti-EGFL6 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced cancer cell migration, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor growth in mouse xenograft tumor models. Silencing EGFL6 mRNA by shRNA transfection of cancer cells also significantly reduced cancer cell migration, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor growth in mouse xenograft tumor models. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that targeting EGFL6 is a unique strategy for inhibiting both cancer cell metastasis and tumor angiogenesis.
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48
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Suryawanshi H, Morozov P, Straus A, Sahasrabudhe N, Max KEA, Garzia A, Kustagi M, Tuschl T, Williams Z. A single-cell survey of the human first-trimester placenta and decidua. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau4788. [PMID: 30402542 PMCID: PMC6209386 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The placenta and decidua interact dynamically to enable embryonic and fetal development. Here, we report single-cell RNA sequencing of 14,341 and 6754 cells from first-trimester human placental villous and decidual tissues, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis identified major cell types, many known and some subtypes previously unknown in placental villi and decidual context. Further detailed analysis revealed proliferating subpopulations, enrichment of cell type-specific transcription factors, and putative intercellular communication in the fetomaternal microenvironment. This study provides a blueprint to further the understanding of the roles of these cells in the placenta and decidua for maintenance of early gestation as well as pathogenesis in pregnancy-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Suryawanshi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., Box 186, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pavel Morozov
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., Box 186, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Straus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nicole Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Klaas E. A. Max
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., Box 186, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aitor Garzia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., Box 186, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Manjunath Kustagi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., Box 186, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., Box 186, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Corresponding author. (T.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zev Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
- Corresponding author. (T.T.); (Z.W.)
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49
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40 Years of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: History and Future Directions. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8040033. [PMID: 30275411 PMCID: PMC6313463 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of interventional cardiology has evolved significantly since the first percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed 40 years ago. This evolution began with a balloon catheter mounted on a fixed wire and has progressed into bare-metal stents (BMS), first-generation drug-eluting stents (DES), second- and third-generation biodegradable polymer-based DES, and culminates with the advent of bioabsorbable stents, which are currently under development. Each step in technological advancement has improved outcomes, while new persisting challenges arise, caused by the stent scaffolds, the polymers employed, and the non-selective cytostatic and cytotoxic drugs eluted from the stents. Despite the promising technological advances made in stent technology, managing the balance between reductions in target lesion revascularization, stent thrombosis, and bleeding remain highly complex issues. This review summarizes the evolution of percutaneous coronary intervention with a focus on vascular dysfunction triggered by the non-selective drugs eluted from various stents. It also provides an overview of the mechanism of action of the drugs currently used in DES. We also discuss the efforts made in developing novel cell-selective drugs capable of inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells while allowing for complete reendothelialization. Lastly, in the era of precision medicine, considerations of patients’ genetic variance associated with myocardial infarction and in-stent restenosis are discussed. The combination of personalized medicine and improved stent platform with cell-selective drugs has the potential to solve the remaining challenges and improve the care of coronary artery disease patients.
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50
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EGFL7 gene expression is regulated by hypoxia in trophoblast and altered in the plasma of patients with early preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 14:115-120. [PMID: 30527097 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a severe complication of pregnancy, and likely arises from abnormal placental development in early pregnancy. Persistent placental hypoxia is thought to trigger the release of anti-angiogenic factors into the maternal circulation leading to widespread endothelial dysfunction. Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) is a secreted angiogenic factor that may play a key role in the disrupted angiogenesis seen in response to placental hypoxia that characterizes preeclampsia. METHODS Primary trophoblasts were isolated and cultured in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Under hypoxia HIF1α was silenced and EGFL7 mRNA expression was assessed. EGFL7 mRNA expression was measured in placentas obtained from women with early (<34 weeks) and late onset preeclampsia; and in peripheral whole blood maternal samples from women with preeclampsia and gestation matched controls. EGFL7 plasma levels were assessed in plasma from women with preeclampsia, compared to gestation-matched controls. RESULTS EGFL7 expression was significantly upregulated in primary human trophoblasts cultured in hypoxia (>2-fold, p < 0.0001), however this was not regulated via a HIF1α dependent manner. EGFL7 mRNA expression was not altered in placenta from women with early or late onset preeclampsia. Circulating EGFL7 protein levels were not different in women with severe preeclampsia. In contrast, EGFL7 mRNA expression was increased in maternal blood in women with early onset preeclampsia (∼1.6-fold, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION EGFL7 mRNA expression is increased with hypoxia in human trophoblast and is increased in the maternal circulation in women with preeclampsia. Further studies aimed at understanding the role and regulation of EGLF7 in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia are required.
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