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Hashemi E, McCarthy C, Rao S, Malarkannan S. Transcriptomic diversity of innate lymphoid cells in human lymph nodes compared to BM and spleen. Commun Biol 2024; 7:769. [PMID: 38918571 PMCID: PMC11199704 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are largely tissue-resident, mostly described within the mucosal tissues. However, their presence and functions in the human draining lymph nodes (LNs) are unknown. Our study unravels the tissue-specific transcriptional profiles of 47,287 CD127+ ILCs within the human abdominal and thoracic LNs. LNs contain a higher frequency of CD127+ ILCs than in BM or spleen. We define independent stages of ILC development, including EILP and pILC in the BM. These progenitors exist in LNs in addition to naïve ILCs (nILCs) that can differentiate into mature ILCs. We define three ILC1 and four ILC3 sub-clusters in the LNs. ILC1 and ILC3 subsets have clusters with high heat shock protein-encoding genes. We identify previously unrecognized regulons, including the BACH2 family for ILC1 and the ATF family for ILC3. Our study is the comprehensive characterization of ILCs in LNs, providing an in-depth understanding of ILC-mediated immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Hashemi
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Sridhar Rao
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, MCW, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, MCW, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, MCW, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, MCW, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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2
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Liu W, Kurkewich JL, Stoddart A, Khan S, Anandan D, Gaubil AN, Wolfgeher DJ, Jueng L, Kron SJ, McNerney ME. CUX1 regulates human hematopoietic stem cell chromatin accessibility via the BAF complex. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114227. [PMID: 38735044 PMCID: PMC11163479 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
CUX1 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that is essential for the development and differentiation of multiple tissues. CUX1 is recurrently mutated or deleted in cancer, particularly in myeloid malignancies. However, the mechanism by which CUX1 regulates gene expression and differentiation remains poorly understood, creating a barrier to understanding the tumor-suppressive functions of CUX1. Here, we demonstrate that CUX1 directs the BAF chromatin remodeling complex to DNA to increase chromatin accessibility in hematopoietic cells. CUX1 preferentially regulates lineage-specific enhancers, and CUX1 target genes are predictive of cell fate in vivo. These data indicate that CUX1 regulates hematopoietic lineage commitment and homeostasis via pioneer factor activity, and CUX1 deficiency disrupts these processes in stem and progenitor cells, facilitating transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Angela Stoddart
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Saira Khan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Anandan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexandre N Gaubil
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Donald J Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lia Jueng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Megan E McNerney
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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3
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Fowler JL, Zheng SL, Nguyen A, Chen A, Xiong X, Chai T, Chen JY, Karigane D, Banuelos AM, Niizuma K, Kayamori K, Nishimura T, Cromer MK, Gonzalez-Perez D, Mason C, Liu DD, Yilmaz L, Miquerol L, Porteus MH, Luca VC, Majeti R, Nakauchi H, Red-Horse K, Weissman IL, Ang LT, Loh KM. Lineage-tracing hematopoietic stem cell origins in vivo to efficiently make human HLF+ HOXA+ hematopoietic progenitors from pluripotent stem cells. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1110-1131.e22. [PMID: 38569552 PMCID: PMC11072092 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The developmental origin of blood-forming hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a longstanding question. Here, our non-invasive genetic lineage tracing in mouse embryos pinpoints that artery endothelial cells generate HSCs. Arteries are transiently competent to generate HSCs for 2.5 days (∼E8.5-E11) but subsequently cease, delimiting a narrow time frame for HSC formation in vivo. Guided by the arterial origins of blood, we efficiently and rapidly differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into posterior primitive streak, lateral mesoderm, artery endothelium, hemogenic endothelium, and >90% pure hematopoietic progenitors within 10 days. hPSC-derived hematopoietic progenitors generate T, B, NK, erythroid, and myeloid cells in vitro and, critically, express hallmark HSC transcription factors HLF and HOXA5-HOXA10, which were previously challenging to upregulate. We differentiated hPSCs into highly enriched HLF+ HOXA+ hematopoietic progenitors with near-stoichiometric efficiency by blocking formation of unwanted lineages at each differentiation step. hPSC-derived HLF+ HOXA+ hematopoietic progenitors could avail both basic research and cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Fowler
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sherry Li Zheng
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alana Nguyen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela Chen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaochen Xiong
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy Chai
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julie Y Chen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daiki Karigane
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Allison M Banuelos
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kouta Niizuma
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kensuke Kayamori
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Kyle Cromer
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Charlotte Mason
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Daniel Dan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leyla Yilmaz
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lucile Miquerol
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vincent C Luca
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lay Teng Ang
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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4
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Bergamasco MI, Ranathunga N, Abeysekera W, Li-Wai-Suen CSN, Garnham AL, Willis SN, McRae HM, Yang Y, D'Amico A, Di Rago L, Wilcox S, Nutt SL, Alexander WS, Smyth GK, Voss AK, Thomas T. The histone acetyltransferase KAT6B is required for hematopoietic stem cell development and function. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:469-485. [PMID: 38518784 PMCID: PMC11096436 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The histone lysine acetyltransferase KAT6B (MYST4, MORF, QKF) is the target of recurrent chromosomal translocations causing hematological malignancies with poor prognosis. Using Kat6b germline deletion and overexpression in mice, we determined the role of KAT6B in the hematopoietic system. We found that KAT6B sustained the fetal hematopoietic stem cell pool but did not affect viability or differentiation. KAT6B was essential for normal levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) acetylation but not for a previously proposed target, H3K23. Compound heterozygosity of Kat6b and the closely related gene, Kat6a, abolished hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation. KAT6B and KAT6A cooperatively promoted transcription of genes regulating hematopoiesis, including the Hoxa cluster, Pbx1, Meis1, Gata family, Erg, and Flt3. In conclusion, we identified the hematopoietic processes requiring Kat6b and showed that KAT6B and KAT6A synergistically promoted HSC development, function, and transcription. Our findings are pertinent to current clinical trials testing KAT6A/B inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Bergamasco
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nishika Ranathunga
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Waruni Abeysekera
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Connie S N Li-Wai-Suen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Alexandra L Garnham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Simon N Willis
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Helen M McRae
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yuqing Yang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Angela D'Amico
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen Wilcox
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Tim Thomas
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Karsa M, Xiao L, Ronca E, Bongers A, Spurling D, Karsa A, Cantilena S, Mariana A, Failes TW, Arndt GM, Cheung LC, Kotecha RS, Sutton R, Lock RB, Williams O, de Boer J, Haber M, Norris MD, Henderson MJ, Somers K. FDA-approved disulfiram as a novel treatment for aggressive leukemia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:507-519. [PMID: 38349407 PMCID: PMC10963497 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Acute leukemia continues to be a major cause of death from disease worldwide and current chemotherapeutic agents are associated with significant morbidity in survivors. While better and safer treatments for acute leukemia are urgently needed, standard drug development pipelines are lengthy and drug repurposing therefore provides a promising approach. Our previous evaluation of FDA-approved drugs for their antileukemic activity identified disulfiram, used for the treatment of alcoholism, as a candidate hit compound. This study assessed the biological effects of disulfiram on leukemia cells and evaluated its potential as a treatment strategy. We found that disulfiram inhibits the viability of a diverse panel of acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia cell lines (n = 16) and patient-derived xenograft cells from patients with poor outcome and treatment-resistant disease (n = 15). The drug induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in leukemia cells within hours of treatment and was able to potentiate the effects of daunorubicin, etoposide, topotecan, cytarabine, and mitoxantrone chemotherapy. Upon combining disulfiram with auranofin, a drug approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis that was previously shown to exert antileukemic effects, strong and consistent synergy was observed across a diverse panel of acute leukemia cell lines, the mechanism of which was based on enhanced ROS induction. Acute leukemia cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxic activity of disulfiram than solid cancer cell lines and non-malignant cells. While disulfiram is currently under investigation in clinical trials for solid cancers, this study provides evidence for the potential of disulfiram for acute leukemia treatment. KEY MESSAGES: Disulfiram induces rapid apoptosis in leukemia cells by boosting oxidative stress. Disulfiram inhibits leukemia cell growth more potently than solid cancer cell growth. Disulfiram can enhance the antileukemic efficacy of chemotherapies. Disulfiram strongly synergises with auranofin in killing acute leukemia cells by ROS induction. We propose testing of disulfiram in clinical trial for patients with acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawar Karsa
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lin Xiao
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Ronca
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelika Bongers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dayna Spurling
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ayu Karsa
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra Cantilena
- Cancer Section, Development Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Anna Mariana
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim W Failes
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence C Cheung
- Leukemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Leukemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rosemary Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Owen Williams
- Cancer Section, Development Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jasper de Boer
- Cancer Section, Development Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle J Henderson
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Klaartje Somers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Hong Z, Wang H, Zhang T, Xu L, Zhai Y, Zhang X, Zhang F, Zhang L. The HIF-1/ BNIP3 pathway mediates mitophagy to inhibit the pyroptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111378. [PMID: 38141408 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial hypoxia, a critical pathological characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), significantly contributes to synovitis and synovial hyperplasia. In response to hypoxic conditions, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) undergo adaptive changes involving gene expression modulation, with hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) playing a pivotal role. The regulation of BCL2/adenovirus e1B 19 kDa protein interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization segment-like receptor family 3 (NLRP3) expression has been demonstrated to be regulated by HIF-1. The objective of this study was to examine the molecular mechanism that contributes to the aberrant activation of FLS in response to hypoxia. Specifically, the interaction between BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis was conjointly highlighted. METHODS The research methodology employed Western blot and immunohistochemistry techniques to identify the occurrence of mitophagy in synovial tissue affected by RA. Additionally, the levels of mitophagy under hypoxic conditions were assessed using Western blot, immunofluorescence, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and CUT&Tag assays. Pyroptosis was observed through electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured. The silencing of HIF-1α and BNIP3 was achieved through the transfection of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into cells. RESULTS In the present study, a noteworthy increase in the expression of BNIP3 and LC3B was observed in the synovial tissue of patients with RA. Upon exposure to hypoxia, FLS of RA exhibited BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. It appears that hypoxia regulates the expression of BNIP3 and NLRP3 through the transcription factor HIF-1. Additionally, the activation of mitophagy has been observed to effectively inhibit hypoxia-induced pyroptosis by reducing the intracellular levels of ROS. CONCLUSION In summary, the activation of FLS in RA patients under hypoxic conditions involves both BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Additionally, mitophagy can suppress hypoxia-induced FLS pyroptosis by eliminating ROS and inhibiting the HIF-1α/NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated the Jianhu People's Hospital, Yancheng 224700, China; Central Laboratory, Affiliated the Jianhu People's Hospital, Yancheng 224700, China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tianjing Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuanfang Zhai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated the Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang 236000, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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7
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Zhao Y, Xiong W, Li C, Zhao R, Lu H, Song S, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Shi B, Ge J. Hypoxia-induced signaling in the cardiovascular system: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:431. [PMID: 37981648 PMCID: PMC10658171 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, characterized by reduced oxygen concentration, is a significant stressor that affects the survival of aerobic species and plays a prominent role in cardiovascular diseases. From the research history and milestone events related to hypoxia in cardiovascular development and diseases, The "hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) switch" can be observed from both temporal and spatial perspectives, encompassing the occurrence and progression of hypoxia (gradual decline in oxygen concentration), the acute and chronic manifestations of hypoxia, and the geographical characteristics of hypoxia (natural selection at high altitudes). Furthermore, hypoxia signaling pathways are associated with natural rhythms, such as diurnal and hibernation processes. In addition to innate factors and natural selection, it has been found that epigenetics, as a postnatal factor, profoundly influences the hypoxic response and progression within the cardiovascular system. Within this intricate process, interactions between different tissues and organs within the cardiovascular system and other systems in the context of hypoxia signaling pathways have been established. Thus, it is the time to summarize and to construct a multi-level regulatory framework of hypoxia signaling and mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases for developing more therapeutic targets and make reasonable advancements in clinical research, including FDA-approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials, to guide future clinical practice in the field of hypoxia signaling in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weidong Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chaofu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ranzun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Bei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Coulombe P, Cole G, Fentiman A, Parker JDK, Yung E, Bilenky M, Degefie L, Lac P, Ling MYM, Tam D, Humphries RK, Karsan A. Meis1 establishes the pre-hemogenic endothelial state prior to Runx1 expression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4537. [PMID: 37500618 PMCID: PMC10374625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) originate from an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) during embryogenesis. Characterization of early hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells is required to understand what drives hemogenic specification and to accurately define cells capable of undergoing EHT. Using Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing (CITE-seq), we define the early subpopulation of pre-HE cells based on both surface markers and transcriptomes. We identify the transcription factor Meis1 as an essential regulator of hemogenic cell specification in the embryo prior to Runx1 expression. Meis1 is expressed at the earliest stages of EHT and distinguishes pre-HE cells primed towards the hemogenic trajectory from the arterial endothelial cells that continue towards a vascular fate. Endothelial-specific deletion of Meis1 impairs the formation of functional Runx1-expressing HE which significantly impedes the emergence of pre-HSPC via EHT. Our findings implicate Meis1 in a critical fate-determining step for establishing EHT potential in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Coulombe
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Grace Cole
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Amanda Fentiman
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Jeremy D K Parker
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Eric Yung
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Misha Bilenky
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Lemlem Degefie
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Patrick Lac
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Maggie Y M Ling
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Derek Tam
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - R Keith Humphries
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
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9
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Kumar S, Vassallo JD, Nattamai KJ, Hassan A, Karns R, Vollmer A, Soller K, Sakk V, Sacma M, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Geiger H. pH regulates hematopoietic stem cell potential via polyamines. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55373. [PMID: 36943011 PMCID: PMC10157373 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon ex vivo culture, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) quickly lose potential and differentiate into progenitors. The identification of culture conditions that maintain the potential of HSCs ex vivo is therefore of high clinical interest. Here, we demonstrate that the potential of murine and human HSCs is maintained when cultivated for 2 days ex vivo at a pH of 6.9, in contrast to cultivation at the commonly used pH of 7.4. When cultivated at a pH of 6.9, HSCs remain smaller, less metabolically active, less proliferative and show enhanced reconstitution ability upon transplantation compared to HSC cultivated at pH 7.4. HSCs kept at pH 6.9 show an attenuated polyamine pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of the polyamine pathway in HSCs cultivated at pH 7.4 with DFMO mimics phenotypes and potential of HSCs cultivated at pH 6.9. Ex vivo exposure to a pH of 6.9 is therefore a positive regulator of HSC function by reducing polyamines. These findings might improve HSC short-term cultivation protocols for transplantation and gene therapy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Jeffrey D Vassallo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kalpana J Nattamai
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aishlin Hassan
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Karin Soller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vadim Sakk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mehmet Sacma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Travis Nemkov
- University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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10
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Menéndez-Gutiérrez MP, Porcuna J, Nayak R, Paredes A, Niu H, Núñez V, Paranjpe A, Gómez MJ, Bhattacharjee A, Schnell DJ, Sánchez-Cabo F, Welch JS, Salomonis N, Cancelas JA, Ricote M. Retinoid X receptor promotes hematopoietic stem cell fitness and quiescence and preserves hematopoietic homeostasis. Blood 2023; 141:592-608. [PMID: 36347014 PMCID: PMC10082360 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) balance self-renewal and differentiation to maintain hematopoietic fitness throughout life. In steady-state conditions, HSC exhaustion is prevented by the maintenance of most HSCs in a quiescent state, with cells entering the cell cycle only occasionally. HSC quiescence is regulated by retinoid and fatty-acid ligands of transcriptional factors of the nuclear retinoid X receptor (RXR) family. Herein, we show that dual deficiency for hematopoietic RXRα and RXRβ induces HSC exhaustion, myeloid cell/megakaryocyte differentiation, and myeloproliferative-like disease. RXRα and RXRβ maintain HSC quiescence, survival, and chromatin compaction; moreover, transcriptome changes in RXRα;RXRβ-deficient HSCs include premature acquisition of an aging-like HSC signature, MYC pathway upregulation, and RNA intron retention. Fitness loss and associated RNA transcriptome and splicing alterations in RXRα;RXRβ-deficient HSCs are prevented by Myc haploinsufficiency. Our study reveals the critical importance of RXRs for the maintenance of HSC fitness and their protection from premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Porcuna
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramesh Nayak
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ana Paredes
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Haixia Niu
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Vanessa Núñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aditi Paranjpe
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Manuel J. Gómez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anukana Bhattacharjee
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Daniel J. Schnell
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - John S. Welch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mercedes Ricote
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Silvani A, Ghorayeb I, Manconi M, Li Y, Clemens S. Putative Animal Models of Restless Legs Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Evaluation of Their Face and Construct Validity. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:154-178. [PMID: 36536233 PMCID: PMC10119375 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder that severely affects sleep. It is characterized by an urge to move the legs, which is often accompanied by periodic limb movements during sleep. RLS has a high prevalence in the population and is usually a life-long condition. While its origins remain unclear, RLS is initially highly responsive to treatment with dopaminergic agonists that target D2-like receptors, in particular D2 and D3, but the long-term response is often unsatisfactory. Over the years, several putative animal models for RLS have been developed, mainly based on the epidemiological and neurochemical link with iron deficiency, treatment efficacy of D2-like dopaminergic agonists, or genome-wide association studies that identified risk factors in the patient population. Here, we present the first systematic review of putative animal models of RLS, provide information about their face and construct validity, and report their role in deciphering the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that may cause or contribute to RLS. We propose that identifying the causal links between genetic risk factors, altered organ functions, and changes to molecular pathways in neural circuitry will eventually lead to more effective new treatment options that bypass the side effects of the currently used therapeutics in RLS, especially for long-term therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Silvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Imad Ghorayeb
- Département de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mauro Manconi
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Ospedale Civico, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stefan Clemens
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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12
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Chakraborty A, Wang JG, Ay F. dcHiC detects differential compartments across multiple Hi-C datasets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6827. [PMID: 36369226 PMCID: PMC9652325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The compartmental organization of mammalian genomes and its changes play important roles in distinct biological processes. Here, we introduce dcHiC, which utilizes a multivariate distance measure to identify significant changes in compartmentalization among multiple contact maps. Evaluating dcHiC on four collections of bulk and single-cell contact maps from in vitro mouse neural differentiation (n = 3), mouse hematopoiesis (n = 10), human LCLs (n = 20) and post-natal mouse brain development (n = 3 stages), we show its effectiveness and sensitivity in detecting biologically relevant changes, including those orthogonally validated. dcHiC reported regions with dynamically regulated genes associated with cell identity, along with correlated changes in chromatin states, subcompartments, replication timing and lamin association. With its efficient implementation, dcHiC enables high-resolution compartment analysis as well as standalone browser visualization, differential interaction identification and time-series clustering. dcHiC is an essential addition to the Hi-C analysis toolbox for the ever-growing number of bulk and single-cell contact maps. Available at: https://github.com/ay-lab/dcHiC .
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Chakraborty
- Centers for Autoimmunity, Inflammation and Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Jeffrey G Wang
- Centers for Autoimmunity, Inflammation and Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- The Bishop's School, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- Centers for Autoimmunity, Inflammation and Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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13
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Sonam S, Bangru S, Perry KJ, Chembazhi UV, Kalsotra A, Henry JJ. Cellular and molecular profiles of larval and adult Xenopus corneal epithelia resolved at the single-cell level. Dev Biol 2022; 491:13-30. [PMID: 36049533 PMCID: PMC10241109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Corneal Epithelial Stem Cells (CESCs) and their proliferative progeny, the Transit Amplifying Cells (TACs), are responsible for homeostasis and maintaining corneal transparency. Owing to our limited knowledge of cell fates and gene activity within the cornea, the search for unique markers to identify and isolate these cells remains crucial for ocular surface reconstruction. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of corneal cells from larval and adult stages of Xenopus. Our results indicate that as the cornea develops and matures, there is an increase in cellular diversity, which is accompanied by a substantial shift in transcriptional profile, gene regulatory network and cell-cell communication dynamics. Our data also reveals several novel genes expressed in corneal cells and changes in gene expression during corneal differentiation at both developmental time-points. Importantly, we identify specific basal cell clusters in both the larval and adult cornea that comprise a relatively undifferentiated cell type and express distinct stem cell markers, which we propose are the putative larval and adult CESCs, respectively. This study offers a detailed atlas of single-cell transcriptomes in the frog cornea. In the future, this work will be useful to elucidate the function of novel genes in corneal epithelial homeostasis, wound healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Sonam
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Sushant Bangru
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Cancer Center@Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Kimberly J Perry
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ullas V Chembazhi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Cancer Center@Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Jonathan J Henry
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
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14
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Yang Y, Kueh AJ, Grant ZL, Abeysekera W, Garnham AL, Wilcox S, Hyland CD, Di Rago L, Metcalf D, Alexander WS, Coultas L, Smyth GK, Voss AK, Thomas T. The histone lysine acetyltransferase HBO1 (KAT7) regulates hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and self-renewal. Blood 2022; 139:845-858. [PMID: 34724565 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferase HBO1 (MYST2, KAT7) is indispensable for postgastrulation development, histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14Ac), and the expression of embryonic patterning genes. In this study, we report the role of HBO1 in regulating hematopoietic stem cell function in adult hematopoiesis. We used 2 complementary cre-recombinase transgenes to conditionally delete Hbo1 (Mx1-Cre and Rosa26-CreERT2). Hbo1-null mice became moribund due to hematopoietic failure with pancytopenia in the blood and bone marrow 2 to 6 weeks after Hbo1 deletion. Hbo1-deleted bone marrow cells failed to repopulate hemoablated recipients in competitive transplantation experiments. Hbo1 deletion caused a rapid loss of hematopoietic progenitors. The numbers of lineage-restricted progenitors for the erythroid, myeloid, B-, and T-cell lineages were reduced. Loss of HBO1 resulted in an abnormally high rate of recruitment of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into the cell cycle. Cycling HSCs produced progenitors at the expense of self-renewal, which led to the exhaustion of the HSC pool. Mechanistically, genes important for HSC functions were downregulated in HSC-enriched cell populations after Hbo1 deletion, including genes essential for HSC quiescence and self-renewal, such as Mpl, Tek(Tie-2), Gfi1b, Egr1, Tal1(Scl), Gata2, Erg, Pbx1, Meis1, and Hox9, as well as genes important for multipotent progenitor cells and lineage-specific progenitor cells, such as Gata1. HBO1 was required for H3K14Ac through the genome and particularly at gene loci required for HSC quiescence and self-renewal. Our data indicate that HBO1 promotes the expression of a transcription factor network essential for HSC maintenance and self-renewal in adult hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Zoe L Grant
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Waruni Abeysekera
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Alexandra L Garnham
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Stephen Wilcox
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Craig D Hyland
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Don Metcalf
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Warren S Alexander
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Leigh Coultas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Tim Thomas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
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15
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Steinberg-Shemer O, Orenstein N, Krasnov T, Noy-Lotan S, Marcoux N, Dgany O, Yacobovich J, Gilad O, Shabad E, Basel-Salmon L, Tamary H. Congenital Thrombocytopenia Associated with a Heterozygous Variant in the MEIS1 Gene Encoding a Transcription Factor Essential for Megakaryopoiesis. Platelets 2022; 33:645-648. [PMID: 35130804 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1961704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor MEIS1 (myeloid ectotrophic insertion site 1) is crucial for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and for megakaryopoiesis. Germline variants in MEIS1 are associated with restless-leg syndrome, but were not previously shown to cause cytopenias. This is the first report of a patient with congenital thrombocytopenia associated with a sequence variant in MEIS1, presenting with early onset severe thrombocytopenia and mild signs of bone marrow stress. Whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo monoallelic splice site variant in MEIS1, NM_002398.3:exon4:c.432 + 5 G > C, leading to a premature stop codon. We propose that heterozygous mutations in MEIS1 may cause congenital thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Steinberg-Shemer
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naama Orenstein
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Genetic Clinic, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Tanya Krasnov
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Sharon Noy-Lotan
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Nathaly Marcoux
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Orly Dgany
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Joanne Yacobovich
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oded Gilad
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Lina Basel-Salmon
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Hannah Tamary
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Dong S, Liang S, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Luo L, Li L, Zhang W, Li S, Xu Q, Zhong M, Zhu J, Zhang G, Hu S. ROS/PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signalings activate HIF-1α-induced metabolic reprogramming to impart 5-fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:15. [PMID: 34998404 PMCID: PMC8742403 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acquired resistance of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a clinical challenge in colorectal cancer (CRC), and efforts to develop targeted agents to reduce resistance have not yielded success. Metabolic reprogramming is a key cancer hallmark and confers several tumor phenotypes including chemoresistance. Glucose metabolic reprogramming events of 5-FU resistance in CRC has not been evaluated, and whether abnormal glucose metabolism could impart 5-FU resistance in CRC is also poorly defined. Methods Three separate acquired 5-FU resistance CRC cell line models were generated, and glucose metabolism was assessed by measuring glucose and lactate utilization, RNA and protein expressions of glucose metabolism-related enzymes and changes of intermediate metabolites of glucose metabolite pool. The protein levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in primary tumors and circulating tumor cells of CRC patients were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Stable HIF1A knockdown in cell models was established with a lentiviral system. The influence of both HIF1A gene knockdown and pharmacological inhibition on 5-FU resistance in CRC was evaluated in cell models in vivo and in vitro. Results The abnormality of glucose metabolism in 5-FU-resistant CRC were described in detail. The enhanced glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway in CRC were associated with increased HIF-1α expression. HIF-1α-induced glucose metabolic reprogramming imparted 5-FU resistance in CRC. HIF-1α showed enhanced expression in 5-FU-resistant CRC cell lines and clinical specimens, and increased HIF-1α levels were associated with failure of fluorouracil analog-based chemotherapy in CRC patients and poor survival. Upregulation of HIF-1α in 5-FU-resistant CRC occurred through non-oxygen-dependent mechanisms of reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt signaling and aberrant activation of β-catenin in the nucleus. Both HIF-1α gene knock-down and pharmacological inhibition restored the sensitivity of CRC to 5-FU. Conclusions HIF-1α is a potential biomarker for 5-FU-resistant CRC, and targeting HIF-1a in combination with 5-FU may represent an effective therapeutic strategy in 5-FU-resistant CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02229-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuohui Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuo Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linchuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Songhan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingwei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiankang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China.
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17
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Brandsma AM, Bertrums EJM, van Roosmalen MJ, Hofman DA, Oka R, Verheul M, Manders F, Ubels J, Belderbos ME, van Boxtel R. Mutation signatures of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia and normal blood progenitors associated with differential patient outcomes. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:484-499. [PMID: 34642666 PMCID: PMC7611805 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of pediatric AML cases harbors more somatic mutations in their genomes compared to normal blood progenitors. This subset displays expression profiles that resemble more committed progenitors and associates with better patient survival. Acquisition of oncogenic mutations with age is believed to be rate limiting for carcinogenesis. However, the incidence of leukemia in children is higher than in young adults. Here we compare somatic mutations across pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML) patient-matched leukemic blasts and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), as well as HSPCs from age-matched healthy donors. HSPCs in the leukemic bone marrow have limited genetic relatedness and share few somatic mutations with the cell of origin of the malignant blasts, suggesting polyclonal hematopoiesis in patients with pAML. Compared with normal HSPCs, a subset of pAML cases harbored more somatic mutations and a distinct composition of mutational process signatures. We hypothesize that these cases might have arisen from a more committed progenitor. This subset had better outcomes than pAML cases with mutation burden comparable with age-matched healthy HSPCs. Our study provides insights into the etiology and patient stratification of pAML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne M Brandsma
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eline J M Bertrums
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus J van Roosmalen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Damon A Hofman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rurika Oka
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Verheul
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Manders
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joske Ubels
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam E Belderbos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Blasi F, Bruckmann C. MEIS1 in Hematopoiesis and Cancer. How MEIS1-PBX Interaction Can Be Used in Therapy. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9040044. [PMID: 34698191 PMCID: PMC8544432 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently MEIS1 emerged as a major determinant of the MLL-r leukemic phenotype. The latest and most efficient drugs effectively decrease the levels of MEIS1 in cancer cells. Together with an overview of the latest drugs developed to target MEIS1 in MLL-r leukemia, we review, in detail, the role of MEIS1 in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis and suggest how a more profound knowledge of MEIS1 biochemistry can be used to design potent and effective drugs against MLL-r leukemia. In addition, we present data showing that the interaction between MEIS1 and PBX1 can be blocked efficiently and might represent a new avenue in anti-MLL-r and anti-leukemic therapy.
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19
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U2af1 is required for survival and function of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Leukemia 2021; 35:2382-2398. [PMID: 33414485 PMCID: PMC8283943 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
U2AF1 is involved in the recognition of the 3' splice site during pre-mRNA splicing. Mutations in U2AF1 are frequently observed in myelodysplastic syndromes. However, the role of wild-type U2AF1 in normal hematopoiesis has remained elusive. Using a novel conditional U2af1 knockout allele, we have found that deletion of U2af1 results in profound defects in hematopoiesis characterized by pancytopenia, ablation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) leading to bone marrow failure and early lethality in mice. U2af1 deletion impairs HSPC function and repopulation capacity. U2af1 deletion also causes increased DNA damage and reduced survival in hematopoietic progenitors. RNA sequencing analysis reveals significant alterations in the expression of genes related to HSC maintenance, cell proliferation, and DNA damage response-related pathways in U2af1-deficient HSPC. U2af1 deficiency also induces splicing alterations in genes important for HSPC function. This includes altered splicing and perturbed expression of Nfya and Pbx1 transcription factors in U2af1-deficient HSPC. Collectively, these results suggest an important role for U2af1 in the maintenance and function of HSPC in normal hematopoiesis. A better understanding of the normal function of U2AF1 in hematopoiesis is important for development of appropriate therapeutic approaches for U2AF1 mutant induced hematologic malignancies.
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20
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DOT1L complex regulates transcriptional initiation in human erythroleukemic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106148118. [PMID: 34187895 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106148118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DOT1L, the only H3K79 methyltransferase in human cells and a homolog of the yeast Dot1, normally forms a complex with AF10, AF17, and ENL or AF9, is dysregulated in most cases of mixed-lineage leukemia (MLLr), and has been believed to regulate transcriptional elongation on the basis of its colocalization with RNA polymerase II (Pol II), the sharing of subunits (AF9 and ENL) between the DOT1L and super elongation complexes, and the distribution of H3K79 methylation on both promoters and transcribed regions of active genes. Here we show that DOT1L depletion in erythroleukemic cells reduces its global occupancy without affecting the traveling ratio or the elongation rate (assessed by 4sUDRB-seq) of Pol II, suggesting that DOT1L does not play a major role in elongation in these cells. In contrast, analyses of transcription initiation factor binding reveal that DOT1L and ENL depletions each result in reduced TATA binding protein (TBP) occupancies on thousands of genes. More importantly, DOT1L and ENL depletions concomitantly reduce TBP and Pol II occupancies on a significant fraction of direct (DOT1L-bound) target genes, indicating a role for the DOT1L complex in transcription initiation. Mechanistically, proteomic and biochemical studies suggest that the DOT1L complex may regulate transcriptional initiation by facilitating the recruitment or stabilization of transcription factor IID, likely in a monoubiquitinated H2B (H2Bub1)-enhanced manner. Additional studies show that DOT1L enhances H2Bub1 levels by limiting recruitment of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex. These results advance our understanding of roles of the DOT1L complex in transcriptional regulation and have important implications for MLLr leukemias.
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21
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Iron overload-induced oxidative stress in myelodysplastic syndromes and its cellular sequelae. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103367. [PMID: 34058341 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders. MDS patients often require red blood cell transfusions, resulting in iron overload (IOL). IOL increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxygen free radicals. We review and illustrate how IOL-induced ROS influence cellular activities relevant to MDS pathophysiology. ROS damage lipids, nucleic acids in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, structural proteins, transcription factors and enzymes. Cellular consequences include decreased metabolism and tissue and organ dysfunction. In hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), consequences of ROS include decreased glycolysis, shifting the cell from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism and causing HSC to exit the quiescent state, leading to HSC exhaustion or senescence. ROS oxidizes DNA bases, resulting in accumulation of mutations. Membrane oxidation alters fluidity and permeability. In summary, evidence indicates that IOL-induced ROS alters cellular signaling pathways resulting in toxicity to organs and hematopoietic cells, in keeping with adverse clinical outcomes in MDS.
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22
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Delgado I, Giovinazzo G, Temiño S, Gauthier Y, Balsalobre A, Drouin J, Torres M. Control of mouse limb initiation and antero-posterior patterning by Meis transcription factors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3086. [PMID: 34035267 PMCID: PMC8149412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Meis1 and Meis2 are homeodomain transcription factors that regulate organogenesis through cooperation with Hox proteins. Elimination of Meis genes after limb induction has shown their role in limb proximo-distal patterning; however, limb development in the complete absence of Meis function has not been studied. Here, we report that Meis1/2 inactivation in the lateral plate mesoderm of mouse embryos leads to limb agenesis. Meis and Tbx factors converge in this function, extensively co-binding with Tbx to genomic sites and co-regulating enhancers of Fgf10, a critical factor in limb initiation. Limbs with three deleted Meis alleles show proximal-specific skeletal hypoplasia and agenesis of posterior skeletal elements. This failure in posterior specification results from an early role of Meis factors in establishing the limb antero-posterior prepattern required for Shh activation. Our results demonstrate roles for Meis transcription factors in early limb development and identify their involvement in previously undescribed interaction networks that regulate organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Delgado
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Temiño
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yves Gauthier
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aurelio Balsalobre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Hematopoietic System between Human and Mouse by Single Cell RNA Sequencing. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050973. [PMID: 33919312 PMCID: PMC8143332 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: mouse models are fundamental to the study of hematopoiesis, but comparisons between mouse and human in single cells have been limited in depth. (2) Methods: we constructed a single-cell resolution transcriptomic atlas of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) of human and mouse, from a total of 32,805 single cells. We used Monocle to examine the trajectories of hematopoietic differentiation, and SCENIC to analyze gene networks underlying hematopoiesis. (3) Results: After alignment with Seurat 2, the cells of mouse and human could be separated by same cell type categories. Cells were grouped into 17 subpopulations; cluster-specific genes were species-conserved and shared functional themes. The clustering dendrogram indicated that cell types were highly conserved between human and mouse. A visualization of the Monocle results provided an intuitive representation of HSPC differentiation to three dominant branches (Erythroid/megakaryocytic, Myeloid, and Lymphoid), derived directly from the hematopoietic stem cell and the long-term hematopoietic stem cells in both human and mouse. Gene regulation was similarly conserved, reflected by comparable transcriptional factors and regulatory sequence motifs in subpopulations of cells. (4) Conclusions: our analysis has confirmed evolutionary conservation in the hematopoietic systems of mouse and human, extending to cell types, gene expression and regulatory elements.
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24
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Dias IB, Bouma HR, Henning RH. Unraveling the Big Sleep: Molecular Aspects of Stem Cell Dormancy and Hibernation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:624950. [PMID: 33867999 PMCID: PMC8047423 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.624950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident stem cells may enter a dormant state, also known as quiescence, which allows them to withstand metabolic stress and unfavorable conditions. Similarly, hibernating mammals can also enter a state of dormancy used to evade hostile circumstances, such as food shortage and low ambient temperatures. In hibernation, the dormant state of the individual and its cells is commonly known as torpor, and is characterized by metabolic suppression in individual cells. Given that both conditions represent cell survival strategies, we here compare the molecular aspects of cellular quiescence, particularly of well-studied hematopoietic stem cells, and torpor at the cellular level. Critical processes of dormancy are reviewed, including the suppression of the cell cycle, changes in metabolic characteristics, and cellular mechanisms of dealing with damage. Key factors shared by hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and torpor include a reversible activation of factors inhibiting the cell cycle, a shift in metabolism from glucose to fatty acid oxidation, downregulation of mitochondrial activity, key changes in hypoxia-inducible factor one alpha (HIF-1α), mTOR, reversible protein phosphorylation and autophagy, and increased radiation resistance. This similarity is remarkable in view of the difference in cell populations, as stem cell quiescence regards proliferating cells, while torpor mainly involves terminally differentiated cells. A future perspective is provided how to advance our understanding of the crucial pathways that allow stem cells and hibernating animals to engage in their 'great slumbers.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar B. Dias
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar R. Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Robert H. Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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25
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Le J, Park JE, Ha VL, Luong A, Branciamore S, Rodin AS, Gogoshin G, Li F, Loh YHE, Camacho V, Patel SB, Welner RS, Parekh C. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Mapping of Human Thymopoiesis Reveals Lineage Specification Trajectories and a Commitment Spectrum in T Cell Development. Immunity 2021; 52:1105-1118.e9. [PMID: 32553173 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The challenges in recapitulating in vivo human T cell development in laboratory models have posed a barrier to understanding human thymopoiesis. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) to interrogate the rare CD34+ progenitor and the more differentiated CD34- fractions in the human postnatal thymus. CD34+ thymic progenitors were comprised of a spectrum of specification and commitment states characterized by multilineage priming followed by gradual T cell commitment. The earliest progenitors in the differentiation trajectory were CD7- and expressed a stem-cell-like transcriptional profile, but had also initiated T cell priming. Clustering analysis identified a CD34+ subpopulation primed for the plasmacytoid dendritic lineage, suggesting an intrathymic dendritic specification pathway. CD2 expression defined T cell commitment stages where loss of B cell potential preceded that of myeloid potential. These datasets delineate gene expression profiles spanning key differentiation events in human thymopoiesis and provide a resource for the further study of human T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Le
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vi Luan Ha
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annie Luong
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sergio Branciamore
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Andrei S Rodin
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Grigoriy Gogoshin
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Fan Li
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Virginia Camacho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sweta B Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert S Welner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chintan Parekh
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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26
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Ranzoni AM, Tangherloni A, Berest I, Riva SG, Myers B, Strzelecka PM, Xu J, Panada E, Mohorianu I, Zaugg JB, Cvejic A. Integrative Single-Cell RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq Analysis of Human Developmental Hematopoiesis. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:472-487.e7. [PMID: 33352111 PMCID: PMC7939551 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of hematopoiesis during human development remains poorly defined. Here we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) to over 8,000 human immunophenotypic blood cells from fetal liver and bone marrow. We inferred their differentiation trajectory and identified three highly proliferative oligopotent progenitor populations downstream of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)/multipotent progenitors (MPPs). Along this trajectory, we observed opposing patterns of chromatin accessibility and differentiation that coincided with dynamic changes in the activity of distinct lineage-specific transcription factors. Integrative analysis of chromatin accessibility and gene expression revealed extensive epigenetic but not transcriptional priming of HSCs/MPPs prior to their lineage commitment. Finally, we refined and functionally validated the sorting strategy for the HSCs/MPPs and achieved around 90% enrichment. Our study provides a useful framework for future investigation of human developmental hematopoiesis in the context of blood pathologies and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Ranzoni
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Andrea Tangherloni
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ivan Berest
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Giovanni Riva
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Brynelle Myers
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Paulina M Strzelecka
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jiarui Xu
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Elisa Panada
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Judith B Zaugg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Cvejic
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
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Continuous NF-κB pathway inhibition promotes expansion of human phenotypical hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells through metabolism regulation. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112468. [PMID: 33428903 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) ex vivo expansion is critical in facilitating their widespread clinical application. NF-κB pathway is implicated in the energy homeostasis and metabolic adaptation. To explore the effect of NF-κB pathway on the ex vivo HSPC expansion and metabolism, the 50 nM-1 μM inhibitor of NF-κB pathway TPCA-1 was used to expand cord blood derived CD34+ cells in serum-free culture. The expansion folds, function, mitochondrial profile and metabolism of HSPCs were determined. After 10 days of culture with 100 nM TPCA-1, the expansion of total cells, CD34+CD38- cells, and CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+CD49f+ cells were significantly increased compared to the cytokine priming alone. Notably, TPCA-1 treatment generated ~ 2-fold greater percentage of CD34+EPCR+ and CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+CD49f+ cells compared to cytokine only conditions. Moreover, TPCA-1 expanded CD34+ cells displayed enhanced serial colonies forming potential and secondary expansion capability. NF-κB inhibition increased the expression of self-renewal related genes, while downregulated the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator (Pgc1α) and mitochondrial chaperones and proteases (ClpP, Hsp10, Hsp60). Mitochondrial mass and membrane potential were markedly decreased with TPCA-1 treatment, leading to the reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in HSPCs. NF-κB inhibition displayed augmented glycolysis rate with compromising mitochondrial metabolism. This study demonstrated that NF-κB pathway inhibition improved glycolysis and limited ROS production that promoted the ex vivo expansion and maintenance of functional HSPCs.
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28
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López-Delgado AC, Delgado I, Cadenas V, Sánchez-Cabo F, Torres M. Axial skeleton anterior-posterior patterning is regulated through feedback regulation between Meis transcription factors and retinoic acid. Development 2021; 148:dev.193813. [PMID: 33298461 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate axial skeletal patterning is controlled by co-linear expression of Hox genes and axial level-dependent activity of HOX protein combinations. MEIS transcription factors act as co-factors of HOX proteins and profusely bind to Hox complex DNA; however, their roles in mammalian axial patterning remain unknown. Retinoic acid (RA) is known to regulate axial skeletal element identity through the transcriptional activity of its receptors; however, whether this role is related to MEIS/HOX activity remains unknown. Here, we study the role of Meis in axial skeleton formation and its relationship to the RA pathway in mice. Meis elimination in the paraxial mesoderm produces anterior homeotic transformations and rib mis-patterning associated to alterations of the hypaxial myotome. Although Raldh2 and Meis positively regulate each other, Raldh2 elimination largely recapitulates the defects associated with Meis deficiency, and Meis overexpression rescues the axial skeletal defects in Raldh2 mutants. We propose a Meis-RA-positive feedback loop, the output of which is Meis levels, that is essential to establish anterior-posterior identities and patterning of the vertebrate axial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra C López-Delgado
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28003, Spain
| | - Irene Delgado
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28003, Spain
| | - Vanessa Cadenas
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28003, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28003, Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28003, Spain
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29
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Lyu S, Xing H, Liu Y, Girdhar P, Zhang K, Yokoi F, Xiao R, Li Y. Deficiency of Meis1, a transcriptional regulator, in mice and worms: Neurochemical and behavioral characterizations with implications in the restless legs syndrome. J Neurochem 2020; 155:522-537. [PMID: 32910473 PMCID: PMC7894994 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome is a sleep-related sensorimotor neurological disease affecting up to 10% of the population. Genetic analyses have identified Myeloid Ecotropic viral Integration Site 1 (MEIS1), a transcriptional regulator, to be associated with not only the restless legs syndrome but also self-reported symptoms of insomnia and sleep. This study is to determine if Meis1 deficiency in mice can lead to restless legs syndrome-like phenotypes, and if it is the case, what the underlying mechanisms are. We used two genetic model systems, Caenorhabditis elegans and mice. Egg retention assay and fluorescent reporters were used with C. elegans. For mice, we performed behavioral tests, serum and brain iron detection, qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and in vitro brain-slice recording. Our results showed that with C. elegans, the function of dop-3, an orthologue of DRD2, was diminished after the knockdown of unc-62, an ortholog of MEIS1. Additionally, unc-62 knockdown led to enhanced transcription of the orthologue of tyrosine hydroxylase, cat-2. Meis1 knockout mice were hyperactive and had a rest-phase-specific increased probability of waking. Moreover, Meis1 knockout mice had increased serum ferritin and altered striatal dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. Specifically, Meis1 knockout mice showed an increased mRNA level but decreased protein level of tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum. Furthermore, Meis1 knockout mice had increased striatal dopamine turnover and decreased spontaneous firing regularity of striatal cholinergic interneurons. Our data suggest that Meis1 knockout mice have restless legs syndrome-like motor restlessness and changes in serum ferritin levels. The symptoms may be related to dysfunctional dopaminergic and cholinergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangru Lyu
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hong Xing
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuning Liu
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pallavi Girdhar
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keer Zhang
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fumiaki Yokoi
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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30
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Childebayeva A, Goodrich JM, Leon-Velarde F, Rivera-Chira M, Kiyamu M, Brutsaert TD, Dolinoy DC, Bigham AW. Genome-Wide Epigenetic Signatures of Adaptive Developmental Plasticity in the Andes. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 13:5981114. [PMID: 33185669 PMCID: PMC7859850 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude adaptation is a classic example of natural selection operating on the human genome. Physiological and genetic adaptations have been documented in populations with a history of living at high altitude. However, the role of epigenetic gene regulation, including DNA methylation, in high-altitude adaptation is not well understood. We performed an epigenome-wide DNA methylation association study based on whole blood from 113 Peruvian Quechua with differential lifetime exposures to high altitude (>2,500) and recruited based on a migrant study design. We identified two significant differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and 62 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with high-altitude developmental and lifelong exposure statuses. DMPs and DMRs were found in genes associated with hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, red blood cell production, blood pressure, and others. DMPs and DMRs associated with fractional exhaled nitric oxide also were identified. We found a significant association between EPAS1 methylation and EPAS1 SNP genotypes, suggesting that local genetic variation influences patterns of methylation. Our findings demonstrate that DNA methylation is associated with early developmental and lifelong high-altitude exposures among Peruvian Quechua as well as altitude-adaptive phenotypes. Together these findings suggest that epigenetic mechanisms might be involved in adaptive developmental plasticity to high altitude. Moreover, we show that local genetic variation is associated with DNA methylation levels, suggesting that methylation associated SNPs could be a potential avenue for research on genetic adaptation to hypoxia in Andeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
| | - Fabiola Leon-Velarde
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria Rivera-Chira
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Melisa Kiyamu
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
| | - Abigail W Bigham
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles
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31
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Machine learning uncovers cell identity regulator by histone code. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2696. [PMID: 32483223 PMCID: PMC7264183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Conversion between cell types, e.g., by induced expression of master transcription factors, holds great promise for cellular therapy. Our ability to manipulate cell identity is constrained by incomplete information on cell identity genes (CIGs) and their expression regulation. Here, we develop CEFCIG, an artificial intelligent framework to uncover CIGs and further define their master regulators. On the basis of machine learning, CEFCIG reveals unique histone codes for transcriptional regulation of reported CIGs, and utilizes these codes to predict CIGs and their master regulators with high accuracy. Applying CEFCIG to 1,005 epigenetic profiles, our analysis uncovers the landscape of regulation network for identity genes in individual cell or tissue types. Together, this work provides insights into cell identity regulation, and delivers a powerful technique to facilitate regenerative medicine.
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32
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Panuzzo C, Jovanovski A, Pergolizzi B, Pironi L, Stanga S, Fava C, Cilloni D. Mitochondria: A Galaxy in the Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cell Universe. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113928. [PMID: 32486249 PMCID: PMC7312164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main fascinating energetic source into the cells. Their number, shape, and dynamism are controlled by the cell’s type and current behavior. The perturbation of the mitochondrial inward system via stress response and/or oncogenic insults could activate several trafficking molecular mechanisms with the intention to solve the problem. In this review, we aimed to clarify the crucial pathways in the mitochondrial system, dissecting the different metabolic defects, with a special emphasis on hematological malignancies. We investigated the pivotal role of mitochondria in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their main alterations that could induce malignant transformation, culminating in the generation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). In addition, we presented an overview of LSCs mitochondrial dysregulated mechanisms in terms of (1) increasing in oxidative phosphorylation program (OXPHOS), as a crucial process for survival and self-renewal of LSCs,(2) low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and (3) aberrant expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) with sustained mitophagy. Furthermore, these peculiarities may represent attractive new “hot spots” for mitochondrial-targeted therapy. Finally, we remark the potential of the LCS metabolic effectors to be exploited as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Aleksandar Jovanovski
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Barbara Pergolizzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Lucrezia Pironi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Serena Stanga
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, 10124 Turin, Italy;
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Carmen Fava
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.J.); (B.P.); (L.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (D.C.)
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33
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DNMT3A mutants provide proliferating advantage with augmentation of self-renewal activity in the pathogenesis of AML in KMT2A-PTD-positive leukemic cells. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:7. [PMID: 32015320 PMCID: PMC6997180 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with partial tandem duplication of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A-PTD) is a subtype of AML and is associated with adverse survival, yet the molecular pathogenesis of KMT2A-PTD is not fully understood. DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is mutated in various myeloid neoplasms including AML, especially at the Arg882. Recently, it has been found that DNMT3A mutations frequently coexisted with KMT2A-PTD and are associated with inferior outcomes. We aimed to understand the biological role of DNMT3A mutation in KMT2A-PTD-positive cells. Herein, we found that overexpression of DNMT3A mutants (MT) in KMT2A-PTD-positive EOL-1 cells augmented cell proliferation and clonogenicity. Serial colony replating assays indicated that DNMT3A-MT increased the self-renewal ability of Kmt2a-PTD-expressing mouse bone marrow cells with immature morphology. At 10 months post bone marrow transplantation, mice with the combined Kmt2a-PTD and DNMT3A-MT showed hepatosplenomegaly and leukocytosis with a shorter latency compared to control and DNMT3A-wild-type. Gene expression microarray analyses of bone marrow samples from human AML with KMT2A-PTD/DNMT3A-MT showed a stem cell signature and myeloid hematopoietic lineage with dysregulation of HOXB gene expression. In addition, human bone marrow AML cells carrying KMT2A-PTD/DNMT3A-MT showed abnormal growth and augmented self-renewal activity in primary cell culture. The present study provides information underlying the pathogenic role of DNMT3A-MT with KMT2A-PTD in proliferating advantage with augmentation of self-renewal activity in human leukemia, which may help to better understand the disease and to design better therapy for AML patients with these mutations.
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34
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Mattes K, Gerritsen M, Folkerts H, Geugien M, van den Heuvel FA, Svendsen AF, Yi G, Martens JHA, Vellenga E. CD34 + acute myeloid leukemia cells with low levels of reactive oxygen species show increased expression of stemness genes and can be targeted by the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. Haematologica 2019; 105:e399-e403. [PMID: 31727766 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.229997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mattes
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen
| | - Mylène Gerritsen
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen
| | - Hendrik Folkerts
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen
| | - Marjan Geugien
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen
| | - Fiona A van den Heuvel
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen
| | - Arthur Flohr Svendsen
- Laboratory of Ageing Biology and Stem Cells, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen
| | - Guoqiang Yi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen
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35
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Mattes K, Vellenga E, Schepers H. Differential redox-regulation and mitochondrial dynamics in normal and leukemic hematopoietic stem cells: A potential window for leukemia therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 144:102814. [PMID: 31593878 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor, mainly due to disease relapse driven by leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Recent studies have highlighted the unique metabolic properties of LSCs, which might represent opportunities for LSC-selective targeting. LSCs characteristically have low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which apparently result from a combination of low mitochondrial activity and high activity of ROS-removing pathways such as autophagy. Due to this low activity, LSCs are highly dependent on mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms. These include the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, which also has crucial roles in regulating the mitochondrial membrane potential, and proteins involved in mitophagy. Here we review the different pathways that impact mitochondrial activity and redox-regulation, and highlight their relevance for the functionality of both HSCs and LSCs. Additionally, novel AML therapy strategies that are based on interference with those pathways, including the promising BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mattes
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hein Schepers
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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36
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Lin L, Huang M, Shi X, Mayakonda A, Hu K, Jiang YY, Guo X, Chen L, Pang B, Doan N, Said JW, Xie J, Gery S, Cheng X, Lin Z, Li J, Berman BP, Yin D, Lin DC, Koeffler HP. Super-enhancer-associated MEIS1 promotes transcriptional dysregulation in Ewing sarcoma in co-operation with EWS-FLI1. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1255-1267. [PMID: 30496486 PMCID: PMC6379679 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the second most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, Ewing sarcoma is initiated and exacerbated by a chimeric oncoprotein, most commonly, EWS-FLI1. In this study, we apply epigenomic analysis to characterize the transcription dysregulation in this cancer, focusing on the investigation of super-enhancer and its associated transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. We demonstrate that super-enhancer-associated transcripts are significantly enriched in EWS-FLI1 target genes, contribute to the aberrant transcriptional network of the disease, and mediate the exceptional sensitivity of Ewing sarcoma to transcriptional inhibition. Through integrative analysis, we identify MEIS1 as a super-enhancer-driven oncogene, which co-operates with EWS-FLI1 in transcriptional regulation, and plays a key pro-survival role in Ewing sarcoma. Moreover, APCDD1, another super-enhancer-associated gene, acting as a downstream target of both MEIS1 and EWS-FLI1, is also characterized as a novel tumor-promoting factor in this malignancy. These data delineate super-enhancer-mediated transcriptional deregulation in Ewing sarcoma, and uncover numerous candidate oncogenes which can be exploited for further understanding of the molecular pathogenesis for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Moli Huang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xianping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yi Jiang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Xiao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Brendan Pang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Ngan Doan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles and David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan W Said
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles and David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jianjun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Sigal Gery
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xu Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Benjamin P Berman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital Singapore, 119074, Singapore
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37
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Sanz-Navarro M, Delgado I, Torres M, Mustonen T, Michon F, Rice DP. Dental Epithelial Stem Cells Express the Developmental Regulator Meis1. Front Physiol 2019; 10:249. [PMID: 30914971 PMCID: PMC6423187 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MEIS1 is a key developmental regulator of several organs and participates in stem cell maintenance in different niches. However, despite the murine continuously growing incisor being a well described model for the study of adult stem cells, Meis1 has not been investigated in a dental context. Here, we uncover that Meis1 expression in the tooth is confined to the epithelial compartment. Its expression arises during morphogenesis and becomes restricted to the mouse incisor epithelial stem cell niche, the labial cervical loop. Meis1 is specifically expressed by Sox2+ stem cells, which give rise to all dental epithelial cell lineages. Also, we have found that Meis1 in the incisor is coexpressed with potential binding partner Pbx1 during both embryonic and adult stages. Interestingly, Meis2 is present in different areas of the forming tooth and it is not expressed by dental epithelial stem cells, suggesting different roles for these two largely homologous genes. Additionally, we have established the expression patterns of Meis1 and Meis2 during tongue, hair, salivary gland and palate formation. Finally, analysis of Meis1-null allele mice indicated that, similarly, to SOX2, MEIS1 is not essential for tooth initiation, but might have a role during adult incisor renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sanz-Navarro
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene Delgado
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tuija Mustonen
- Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frederic Michon
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,The Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Inserm UMR1051, University of Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - David P Rice
- Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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38
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Lindgren IM, Drake RR, Chattergoon NN, Thornburg KL. Down-regulation of MEIS1 promotes the maturation of oxidative phosphorylation in perinatal cardiomyocytes. FASEB J 2019; 33:7417-7426. [PMID: 30884246 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801330rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fetal cardiomyocytes shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation around the time of birth. Myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1 (MEIS1) is a transcription factor that promotes glycolysis in hematopoietic stem cells. We reasoned that MEIS1 could have a similar role in the developing heart. We hypothesized that suppression of MEIS1 expression in fetal sheep cardiomyocytes leads to a metabolic switch as found at birth. Expression of MEIS1 was assayed in left ventricular cardiac tissue and primary cultures of cardiomyocytes from fetal (100- and 135-d gestation, term = 145 d), neonatal, and adult sheep. Cultured cells were treated with short interfering RNA (siRNA) to suppress MEIS1. Oxygen consumption rate was assessed with the Seahorse metabolic flux analyzer, and mitochondrial activity was assessed by staining cells with MitoTracker Orange. Cardiomyocyte respiratory capacity increased with advancing age concurrently with decreased expression of MEIS1. MEIS1 suppression with siRNA increased maximal oxygen consumption in fetal cells but not in postnatal cells. Mitochondrial activity was increased and expression of glycolytic genes decreased when MEIS1 expression was suppressed. Thus, we conclude that MEIS1 is a key regulator of cardiomyocyte metabolism and that the normal down-regulation of MEIS1 with age underlies a gradual switch to oxidative metabolism.-Lindgren, I. M., Drake, R. R., Chattergoon, N. N., Thornburg, K. L. Down-regulation of MEIS1 promotes the maturation of oxidative phosphorylation in perinatal cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa M Lindgren
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rachel R Drake
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Natasha N Chattergoon
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kent L Thornburg
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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39
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Mitochondrial Role in Stemness and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4067162. [PMID: 30881461 PMCID: PMC6381553 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4067162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent and self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on glycolysis rather than on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPHOS) for energy production. HSC reliance on glycolysis is considered an adaptation to the hypoxic environment of the bone marrow (BM) and reflects the low energetic demands of HSCs. Metabolic rewiring from glycolysis to mitochondrial-based energy generation accompanies HSC differentiation and lineage commitment. Recent evidence, however, highlights that alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and activity are not simply passive consequences but active drivers of HSC fate decisions. Modulation of mitochondrial activity and metabolism is therefore critical for maintaining the self-renewal potential of primitive HSCs and might be beneficial for ex vivo expansion of transplantable HSCs. In this review, we emphasize recent advances in the emerging role of mitochondria in hematopoiesis, cellular reprograming, and HSC fate decisions.
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40
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Somers K, Wen VW, Middlemiss SMC, Osborne B, Forgham H, Jung M, Karsa M, Clifton M, Bongers A, Gao J, Mayoh C, Raoufi-Rad N, Kusnadi EP, Hannan KM, Scott DA, Kwek A, Liu B, Flemming C, Chudakova DA, Pandher R, Failes TW, Lim J, Angeli A, Osterman AL, Imamura T, Kees UR, Supuran CT, Pearson RB, Hannan RD, Davis TP, McCarroll J, Kavallaris M, Turner N, Gudkov AV, Haber M, Norris MD, Henderson MJ. A novel small molecule that kills a subset of MLL-rearranged leukemia cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Oncogene 2019; 38:3824-3842. [PMID: 30670779 PMCID: PMC6756102 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Survival rates for pediatric patients suffering from mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged leukemia remain below 50% and more targeted, less toxic therapies are urgently needed. A screening method optimized to discover cytotoxic compounds selective for MLL-rearranged leukemia identified CCI-006 as a novel inhibitor of MLL-rearranged and CALM-AF10 translocated leukemias that share common leukemogenic pathways. CCI-006 inhibited mitochondrial respiration and induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptosis in a subset (7/11, 64%) of MLL-rearranged leukemia cell lines within a few hours of treatment. The unresponsive MLL-rearranged leukemia cells did not undergo mitochondrial membrane depolarization or apoptosis despite a similar attenuation of mitochondrial respiration by the compound. In comparison to the sensitive cells, the unresponsive MLL-rearranged leukemia cells were characterized by a more glycolytic metabolic phenotype, exemplified by a more pronounced sensitivity to glycolysis inhibitors and elevated HIF1α expression. Silencing of HIF1α expression sensitized an intrinsically unresponsive MLL-rearranged leukemia cell to CCI-006, indicating that this pathway plays a role in determining sensitivity to the compound. In addition, unresponsive MLL-rearranged leukemia cells expressed increased levels of MEIS1, an important leukemogenic MLL target gene that plays a role in regulating metabolic phenotype through HIF1α. MEIS1 expression was also variable in a pediatric MLL-rearranged ALL patient dataset, highlighting the existence of a previously undescribed metabolic variability in MLL-rearranged leukemia that may contribute to the heterogeneity of the disease. This study thus identified a novel small molecule that rapidly kills MLL-rearranged leukemia cells by targeting a metabolic vulnerability in a subset of low HIF1α/low MEIS1-expressing MLL-rearranged leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaartje Somers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria W Wen
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Shiloh M C Middlemiss
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Brenna Osborne
- Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Forgham
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - MoonSun Jung
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Mawar Karsa
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Molly Clifton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelika Bongers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Jixuan Gao
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Newsha Raoufi-Rad
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric P Kusnadi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate M Hannan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra City, ACT, Australia
| | - David A Scott
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alan Kwek
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Bing Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Claudia Flemming
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Daria A Chudakova
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruby Pandher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim W Failes
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,ACRF Drug Discovery Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Lim
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ursula R Kees
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Ross D Hannan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra City, ACT, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warrick, Coventry, UK
| | - Joshua McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Oncotartis, Inc., Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle J Henderson
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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Belluschi S, Calderbank EF, Ciaurro V, Pijuan-Sala B, Santoro A, Mende N, Diamanti E, Sham KYC, Wang X, Lau WWY, Jawaid W, Göttgens B, Laurenti E. Myelo-lymphoid lineage restriction occurs in the human haematopoietic stem cell compartment before lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4100. [PMID: 30291229 PMCID: PMC6173731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Capturing where and how multipotency is lost is crucial to understand how blood formation is controlled. Blood lineage specification is currently thought to occur downstream of multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Here we show that, in human, the first lineage restriction events occur within the CD19-CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD49f+CD90+ (49f+) HSC compartment to generate myelo-lymphoid committed cells with no erythroid differentiation capacity. At single-cell resolution, we observe a continuous but polarised organisation of the 49f+ compartment, where transcriptional programmes and lineage potential progressively change along a gradient of opposing cell surface expression of CLEC9A and CD34. CLEC9AhiCD34lo cells contain long-term repopulating multipotent HSCs with slow quiescence exit kinetics, whereas CLEC9AloCD34hi cells are restricted to myelo-lymphoid differentiation and display infrequent but durable repopulation capacity. We thus propose that human HSCs gradually transition to a discrete lymphoid-primed state, distinct from lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors, representing the earliest entry point into lymphoid commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Belluschi
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily F. Calderbank
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valerio Ciaurro
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Blanca Pijuan-Sala
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonella Santoro
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole Mende
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evangelia Diamanti
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kendig Yen Chi Sham
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Winnie W. Y. Lau
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wajid Jawaid
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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42
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Tan DQ, Suda T. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Homeostasis as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate and Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:149-168. [PMID: 28708000 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The precise role and impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stem cells, which are essential for lifelong tissue homeostasis and regeneration, remain of significant interest to the field. The long-term regenerative potential of a stem cell compartment is determined by the delicate balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation, all of which can be influenced by ROS levels. Recent Advances: The past decade has seen a growing appreciation for the importance of ROS and redox homeostasis in various stem cell compartments, particularly those of hematopoietic, neural, and muscle tissues. In recent years, the importance of proteostasis and mitochondria in relation to stem cell biology and redox homeostasis has garnered considerable interest. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we explore the reciprocal relationship between ROS and stem cells, with significant emphasis on mitochondria as a core component of redox homeostasis. We discuss how redox signaling, involving cell-fate determining protein kinases and transcription factors, can control stem cell function and fate. We also address the impact of oxidative stress on stem cells, especially oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. We further discuss ROS management in stem cells, and present recent evidence supporting the importance of mitochondrial activity and its modulation (via mitochondrial clearance, biogenesis, dynamics, and distribution [i.e., segregation and transfer]) in stem cell redox homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therefore, elucidating the intricate links between mitochondria, cellular metabolism, and redox homeostasis is envisioned to be critical for our understanding of ROS in stem cell biology and its therapeutic relevance in regenerative medicine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Q Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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43
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Jin X, He X, Cao X, Xu P, Xing Y, Sui S, Wang L, Meng J, Lu W, Cui R, Ni H, Zhao M. Iron overload impairs normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells through reactive oxygen species and shortens survival in myelodysplastic syndrome mice. Haematologica 2018; 103:1627-1634. [PMID: 29903757 PMCID: PMC6165791 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.193128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing clinical evidence to suggest a suppressive effect on hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome patients with iron overload. However, how iron overload influences hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) remains unknown. Here, the RUNX1S291fs-transduced bone marrow mononuclear cells were yielded and transplanted into lethally irradiated recipient mice together with radioprotective bone marrow cells to generate MDS mice. Eight weeks post transplantation, the recipient mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mL iron dextran at a concentration of 25 mg/mL once every other day for a total of 8 times to establish an iron overload model. In the present study, we show that iron overload impairs the frequency and colony-forming capacity of normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, especially in erythroid, in MDS mice, which is due, at least in part, to growth differentiation factor 11-induced reactive oxygen species, shortening survival of MDS mice. Given that we are the first to construct an iron overload model in MDS mice, we hope this model will be helpful for further exploring the influence and mechanism of iron overload on MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan He
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Cao
- Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yi Xing
- Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Songnan Sui
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Luqiao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Juanxia Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wenyi Lu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Rui Cui
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hongyan Ni
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China .,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
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44
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Huang X, Trinh T, Aljoufi A, Broxmeyer HE. Hypoxia Signaling Pathway in Stem Cell Regulation: Good and Evil. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018; 4:149-157. [PMID: 31275803 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review summarizes the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the regulation of stem cell biology, specifically focusing on maintenance, differentiation, and stress responses in the context of several stem cell systems. Stem cells for different lineages/tissues reside in distinct niches, and are exposed to diverse oxygen concentrations. Recent studies have revealed the importance of the hypoxia signaling pathway for stem cell functions. Recent Findings Hypoxia and HIFs contribute to maintenance of embryonic stem cells, generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, functionality of hematopoietic stem cells, and survival of leukemia stem cells. Harvest and collection of mouse bone marrow and human cord blood cells in ambient air results in fewer hematopoietic stem cells recovered due to the phenomenon of Extra PHysiologic Oxygen Shock/Stress (EPHOSS). Summary Oxygen is an important factor in the stem cell microenvironment. Hypoxia signaling and HIFs play important roles in modeling cellular metabolism in both stem cells and niches to regulate stem cell biology, and represent an additional dimension that allows stem cells to maintain an undifferentiated status and multilineage differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Thao Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Arafat Aljoufi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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45
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Chang-Panesso M, Kadyrov FF, Machado FG, Kumar A, Humphreys BD. Meis1 is specifically upregulated in kidney myofibroblasts during aging and injury but is not required for kidney homeostasis or fibrotic response. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F275-F290. [PMID: 29592525 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00030.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeobox transcription factor Meis1 is required for mammalian development, and its overexpression plays a role in tumorigenesis, especially leukemia. Meis1 is known to be expressed in kidney stroma, but its function in kidney is undefined. We hypothesized that Meis1 may regulate stromal cell proliferation in kidney development and disease and tested the hypothesis using cell lineage tracing and cell-specific Meis1 deletion in development, aging, and fibrotic disease. We observed strong expression of Meis1 in platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β-positive pericytes and perivascular fibroblasts, both in adult mouse kidney and to a lesser degree in human kidney. Either bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury or aging itself led to strong upregulation of Meis1 protein and mRNA in kidney myofibroblasts, and genetic lineage analysis confirmed that Meis1-positive cells proliferate as they differentiate into myofibroblasts after injury. Conditional deletion of Meis1 in all kidney stroma with two separate tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase drivers had no phenotype with the exception of consistent induction of the tubular injury marker kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) only in Meis1 mutants. Further examination of Kim-1 expression revealed linkage disequilibrium of Kim-1 and Meis1, such that Meis1 mutants carried the longer BALB/c Kim-1 allele. Unexpectedly, we report that this Kim-1 allele is expressed at baseline in wild-type BALB/c mice, without any associated abnormalities, including long-term fibrosis, as predicted from the literature. We conclude that Meis1 is specifically expressed in stroma and myofibroblasts of mouse and human kidney, that it is not required for kidney development, disease, or aging, and that BALB/c mice unexpectedly express Kim-1 protein at baseline without other kidney abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Chang-Panesso
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Farid F Kadyrov
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Flavia G Machado
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
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46
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Wang H, Liu C, Liu X, Wang M, Wu D, Gao J, Su P, Nakahata T, Zhou W, Xu Y, Shi L, Ma F, Zhou J. MEIS1 Regulates Hemogenic Endothelial Generation, Megakaryopoiesis, and Thrombopoiesis in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Targeting TAL1 and FLI1. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:447-460. [PMID: 29358086 PMCID: PMC5830947 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide an unlimited source for generating various kinds of functional blood cells. However, efficient strategies for generating large-scale functional blood cells from hPSCs are still lacking, and the mechanism underlying human hematopoiesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified myeloid ectopic viral integration site 1 homolog (MEIS1) as a crucial regulator of hPSC early hematopoietic differentiation. MEIS1 is vital for specification of APLNR+ mesoderm progenitors to functional hemogenic endothelial progenitors (HEPs), thereby controlling formation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). TAL1 mediates the function of MEIS1 in HEP specification. In addition, MEIS1 is vital for megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis from hPSCs. Mechanistically, FLI1 acts as a downstream gene necessary for the function of MEIS1 during megakaryopoiesis. Thus, MEIS1 controls human hematopoiesis in a stage-specific manner and can be potentially manipulated for large-scale generation of HPCs or platelets from hPSCs for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. MEIS1 knockout impairs hematopoiesis of hPSCs by suppressing HEP specification MEIS1−/− megakaryocytes fail to undergo polyploidization and thrombopoiesis TAL1 mediates the function of MEIS1 in HEP specification FLI1 acts as a downstream target of MEIS1 during megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science and Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yuanfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu 610052, China.
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
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47
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Abstract
Animal models of erythropoiesis have been, and will continue to be, important tools for understanding molecular mechanisms underlying the development of this cell lineage and the pathophysiology associated with various human erythropoietic diseases. In this regard, the mouse is probably the most valuable animal model available to investigators. The physiology and short gestational period of mice make them ideal for studying developmental processes and modeling human diseases. These attributes, coupled with cutting-edge genetic tools such as transgenesis, gene knockouts, conditional gene knockouts, and genome editing, provide a significant resource to the research community to test a plethora of hypotheses. This review summarizes the mouse models available for studying a wide variety of erythroid-related questions, as well as the properties inherent in each one.
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A knock-in mouse strain facilitates dynamic tracking and enrichment of MEIS1. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2225-2235. [PMID: 29296870 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017010355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1 (MEIS1), a HOX transcription cofactor, is a critical regulator of normal hematopoiesis, and its overexpression is implicated in a wide range of leukemias. Using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) gene-editing system, we generated a knock-in transgenic mouse line in which a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter and a hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tag are inserted near the translational start site of endogenous Meis1. This novel reporter strain readily enables tracking of MEIS1 expression at single-cell-level resolution via the fluorescence reporter GFP, and facilitates MEIS1 detection and purification via the HA epitope tag. This new Meis1 reporter mouse line provides powerful new approaches to track Meis1-expressing hematopoietic cells and to explore Meis1 function and regulation during normal and leukemic hematopoiesis.
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Yang L, Liu L, Gao H, Pinnamaneni JP, Sanagasetti D, Singh VP, Wang K, Mathison M, Zhang Q, Chen F, Mo Q, Rosengart T, Yang J. The stem cell factor SALL4 is an essential transcriptional regulator in mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged leukemogenesis. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:159. [PMID: 28974232 PMCID: PMC5627455 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stem cell factor spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) plays important roles in normal hematopoiesis and also in leukemogenesis. We previously reported that SALL4 exerts its effect by recruiting important epigenetic factors such as DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A). Both of these proteins are critically involved in mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemia, which has a very poor clinical prognosis. Recently, SALL4 has been further linked to the functions of MLL and its target gene homeobox A9 (HOXA9). However, it remains unclear whether SALL4 is indeed a key player in MLL-r leukemia pathogenesis. METHODS Using a mouse bone marrow retroviral transduction/ transplantation approach combined with tamoxifen-inducible, CreERT2-mediated Sall4 gene deletion, we studied SALL4 functions in leukemic transformation that was induced by MLL-AF9-one of the most common MLL-r oncoproteins found in patients. In addition, the underlying transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms were explored using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing (ChIP-Seq), mRNA microarray, qRT-PCR, histone modification, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. The effects of SALL4 loss on normal hematopoiesis in mice were also investigated. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SALL4 expression is critically required for MLL-AF9-induced leukemic transformation and disease progression in mice. Loss of SALL4 in MLL-AF9-transformed cells induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1. ChIP-Seq assay identified that Sall4 binds to key MLL-AF9 target genes and important MLL-r or non-MLL-r leukemia-related genes. ChIP-PCR assays indicated that SALL4 affects the levels of the histone modification markers H3K79me2/3 and H3K4me3 at MLL-AF9 target gene promoters by physically interacting with DOT1-like histone H3K79 methyltransferase (DOT1l) and LSD1/KDM1A, and thereby regulates transcript expression. Surprisingly, normal Sall4 f/f /CreERT2 mice treated with tamoxifen or vav-Cre-mediated (hematopoietic-specific) Sall4 -/- mice were healthy and displayed no significant hematopoietic defects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that SALL4 critically contributes to MLL-AF9-induced leukemia, unraveling the underlying transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms in this disease and suggesting that selectively targeting the SALL4 pathway may be a promising approach for managing human MLL-r leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jaya Pratap Pinnamaneni
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Deepthi Sanagasetti
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vivek P Singh
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megumi Mathison
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qianzi Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Todd Rosengart
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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50
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Lai CK, Norddahl GL, Maetzig T, Rosten P, Lohr T, Sanchez Milde L, von Krosigk N, Docking TR, Heuser M, Karsan A, Humphries RK. Meis2 as a critical player in MN1-induced leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e613. [PMID: 28960191 PMCID: PMC5709755 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningioma 1 (MN1) is an independent prognostic marker for normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with high expression linked to all-trans retinoic acid resistance and poor survival. MN1 is also a potent and sufficient oncogene in murine leukemia models, strongly dependent on the MEIS1/AbdB-like HOX protein complex to transform common myeloid progenitors, block myeloid differentiation, and promote leukemic stem cell self-renewal. To identify key genes and pathways underlying leukemic activity, we functionally assessed MN1 cell phenotypic heterogeneity, revealing leukemic and non-leukemic subsets. Using gene expression profiling of these subsets combined with previously published comparisons of full-length MN1 and mutants with varying leukemogenic activity, we identified candidate genes critical to leukemia. Functional analysis identified Hlf and Hoxa9 as critical to MN1 in vitro proliferation, self-renewal and impaired myeloid differentiation. Although critical to transformation, Meis1 knockdown had little impact on these properties in vitro. However, we identified Meis2 as critical to MN1-induced leukemia, with essential roles in proliferation, self-renewal, impairment of differentiation and disease progression in vitro and in vivo. Here, we provide evidence of phenotypic and functional hierarchy in MN1-induced leukemic cells, characterise contributions of Hlf, Hoxa9 and Meis1 to in vitro leukemic properties, and reveal Meis2 as a novel player in MN1-induced leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lai
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G L Norddahl
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Maetzig
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Rosten
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Lohr
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L Sanchez Milde
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N von Krosigk
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T R Docking
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Karsan
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R K Humphries
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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