1
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Ahmadi F, Lotfi AS, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Kadivar M. Trimetazidine Preconditioning Potentiates the Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome on the Preservation of Rat Pancreatic Islet Survival and Function In Vitro. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:4796-4817. [PMID: 37184724 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation offers improved glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, in vitro islet culture is associated with islet apoptosis and eventually will lose their functionality prior to transplantation. In this study, we examined the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secretome preconditioned with diazoxide (DZ) and trimetazidine (TMZ) on rat islet cells during pre-transplant culture. With and without preconditioned hAD-MSCs' concentrated conditioned media (CCM) were added to the culture medium containing rat islets every 12 h for 24 and 48 h, after testing for selected cytokine concentrations (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-13). Insulin content, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, islet cell apoptosis, and mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic (BAX, BAK-1, and PUMA) and anti-apoptotic factors (BCL-2, BCL-xL, and XIAP) in rat islets were assessed after 24 and 48 h of culture. The protein level of IL-6 and IL-4 was significantly higher in TMZ-MSC-CM compared to MSC-non-CM. In rat isolated islets, normalized secreted insulin in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose was significantly higher in treated islet groups compared to control islets at both 24 and 48 h cultivation. Also, the percentage of apoptotic islet cells TMZ-MSC-CCM-treated islets was significantly lower compared to MSC-CM and MSC-CCM-treated islets in both 24 and 48 h cultivation. Consistent with the number of apoptotic cells, after 24 h culture, the expression of BCL-2 and BCL-xL genes in the control islets was lower than all treatment islet groups and in 48 h was lower than only TMZ-MSC-CM-treated islets. Also, the expression of the XIAP gene in control islets was significantly lower compared to the TMZ-MSC-CCM-treated islets at both at 24 and 48 h. In addition, mRNA level of the BAX gene in TMZ-MSC-CCM-treated islets was significantly lower compared to other groups at 48 h. Our findings revealed that TMZ proved to be more effective than DZ and could enhance the potential of hAD-MSCs-CM to improve the function and viability of islets prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Ahmadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Alquezar-Artieda N, Kuzilkova D, Roberts J, Hlozkova K, Pecinova A, Pecina P, Zwyrtkova M, Potuckova E, Kavan D, Hermanova I, Zaliova M, Novak P, Mracek T, Sramkova L, Tennant DA, Trka J, Starkova J. Restored biosynthetic pathways induced by MSCs serve as rescue mechanism in leukemia cells after L-asparaginase therapy. Blood Adv 2023; 7:2228-2236. [PMID: 36399517 PMCID: PMC10196988 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Alquezar-Artieda
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kuzilkova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jennie Roberts
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katerina Hlozkova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Pecinova
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pecina
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Zwyrtkova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Potuckova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kavan
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Hermanova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zaliova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novak
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mracek
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Sramkova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel A. Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Trka
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Characterization and therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine. Tissue Cell 2020; 64:101330. [PMID: 32473704 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, genomic stable, self-renewable, and culturally expandable adult stem cells. MSCs facilitate tissue development, maintenance and repair, and produce secretory factors that support engraftment and trophic functions, marking them an attractive option in cell therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. METHOD In this review, we summarize the recent researches regarding the isolation and characterization of MSCs, therapeutic applications and advanced engineering techniques. We also discuss the advantages and limitations that remain to be overcome for MSCs based therapy. RESULTS It has been demonstrated that MSCs are able to modulate endogenous tissue and immune cells. Preclinical studies and early phase clinical trials have shown their great potential for tissue engineering of bone, cartilage, marrow stroma, muscle, fat, and other connective tissues. CONCLUSIONS MSC-based therapy show considerable promise to rebuild damaged or diseased tissues, which could be a promising therapeutic method for regeneration medicine.
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Hasan MK, Rassenti L, Widhopf GF, Yu J, Kipps TJ. Wnt5a causes ROR1 to complex and activate cortactin to enhance migration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leukemia 2018; 33:653-661. [PMID: 30568170 PMCID: PMC6462876 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) migrate between the blood and lymphoid tissues in response to chemokines. Such migration requires structured cytoskeletal-actin polymerization, which may involve the protein cortactin. We discovered that treatment of CLL cells with Wnt5a causes Receptor tyosin kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) to bind cortactin, which undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at Y421, recruits ARHGEF1, and activates RhoA, thereby enhancing leukemia-cell migration; such effects could be inhibited by cirmtuzumab, a humanized mAb specific for ROR1. We transfected the CLL-cell-line MEC1 with either full-length ROR1 or various mutant forms of ROR1 to examine the structural features required for binding cortactin. We found that the proline-rich domain (PRD) was necessary for ROR1 to recruit cortactin. We generated MEC1 cells that each expressed a mutant form of ROR1 with a single amino-acid substitution of alanine (A) for proline (P) in potential SH3-binding sites in the ROR1-PRD at positions 784, 808, 826, 841, or 850. In contrast to wild-type ROR1, or other ROR1P=>A mutants, ROR1P(841)A failed to complex with cortactin or ARHGEF1 in response to Wnt5a. Moreover, Wnt5a could not induce MEC1-ROR1P(841)A to phosphorylate cortactin or enhance CLL-cell F-actin polymerization. Taken together, these studies show that cortactin plays an important role in ROR1-dependent Wnt5a-enhanced CLL-cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamrul Hasan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Rassenti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George F Widhopf
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Herek TA, Cutucache CE. Using Murine Models to Investigate Tumor-Lymphoid Interactions: Spotlight on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2017; 7:86. [PMID: 28512625 PMCID: PMC5411430 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the tumor microenvironment in leukemias and lymphomas is well established, yet the intricacies of how the malignant cells regulate and influence their non-malignant counterparts remain elusive. For example, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an expansion of malignant CD5+CD19+ B cells, yet the non-malignant T cells play just as large of a role in disease presentation and etiology. Herein, we review the dynamic tumor cell to lymphoid repertoire interactions found in two non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtypes: CLL and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. We aim to highlight the pivot work done in the murine models which recapitulate these diseases and explore the insights that can be gained from studying the immuno-oncological regulation of non-malignant lymphoid counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Herek
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
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6
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Thiago F, Glauco V, Marla A. Possible involvement of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the expression of CXCR4 in chronic myeloid leukemia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER THERAPY AND ONCOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.34.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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7
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Velliou EG, Dos Santos SB, Papathanasiou MM, Fuentes-Gari M, Misener R, Panoskaltsis N, Pistikopoulos EN, Mantalaris A. Towards unravelling the kinetics of an acute myeloid leukaemia model system under oxidative and starvation stress: a comparison between two- and three-dimensional cultures. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1589-600. [PMID: 25911423 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A great challenge when conducting ex vivo studies of leukaemia is the construction of an appropriate experimental platform that would recapitulate the bone marrow (BM) environment. Such a 3D scaffold system has been previously developed in our group [1]. Additionally to the BM architectural characteristics, parameters such as oxygen and glucose concentration are crucial as their value could differ between patients as well as within the same patient at different stages of treatment, consequently affecting the resistance of leukaemia to chemotherapy. The effect of oxidative and glucose stress-at levels close to human physiologic ones-on the proliferation and metabolic evolution of an AML model system (K-562 cell line) in conventional 2D cultures as well as in 3D scaffolds were studied. We observed that the K-562 cell line can proliferate and remain alive for 2 weeks in medium with glucose close to physiological levels both in 20 and 5% O2. We report interesting differences on the cellular response to the environmental, i.e., oxidative and/or nutritional stress stimuli in 2D and 3D. Higher adaptation to oxidative stress under non-starving conditions is observed in the 3D system. The glucose level in the medium has more impact on the cellular proliferation in the 3D compared to the 2D system. These differences can be of significant importance both when applying chemotherapy in vitro and also when constructing mathematical tools for optimisation of disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini G Velliou
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK,
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8
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Effect of serum choice on replicative senescence in mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:874-84. [PMID: 25800776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for innovative cell therapeutic applications. Before their use, however, they usually need to be expanded in vitro with serum-supplemented media. MSCs can undergo replicative senescence during in vitro expansion, but it is not yet clear how serum supplements influence this process. METHODS In the present study, we compared how media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) or calf serum (CS) affected morphology, proliferation, differentiation, senescence and other functional characteristics of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs). RESULTS UC-MSCs cultured in both FBS- and CS-containing media were able to differentiate along osteogenic and adipogenic lineages but ultimately reached proliferation arrest. However, senescence-associated characteristics, such as β-galactosidase activity, reactive oxygen species levels, proliferation rate and gene expression, demonstrate that UC-MSCs grown with FBS have better proliferation potential and differentiation capacity. In contrast, UC-MSCs grown with CS have a higher proportion of apoptotic cells and senescent characteristics. Possible mechanisms for the observed phenotypes include changes in gene expression (Bax, p16, p21 and p53) and cytokine production (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that FBS-supplemented media provides a better microenvironment for the expansion of UC-MSCs in vitro than CS-supplemented media. This work provides insight into MSCs generation practices for use in basic research and clinical therapies.
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9
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Janel A, Dubois-Galopin F, Bourgne C, Berger J, Tarte K, Boiret-Dupré N, Boisgard S, Verrelle P, Déchelotte P, Tournilhac O, Berger MG. The Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Clone Disrupts the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2972-82. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Janel
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA7283 CREaT, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Céline Bourgne
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Juliette Berger
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM U917–MICA, University of Medicine, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Boiret-Dupré
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA7283 CREaT, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Boisgard
- Orthopédie Traumatologie, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hospital Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- EA7283 CREaT, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Anatomie Pathologique, CHU Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Tournilhac
- EA7283 CREaT, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Hématologie Clinique Adulte, CHU Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marc G. Berger
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA7283 CREaT, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Hématologie Clinique Adulte, CHU Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Di GH, Liu Y, Lu Y, Liu J, Wu C, Duan HF. IL-6 secreted from senescent mesenchymal stem cells promotes proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113572. [PMID: 25419563 PMCID: PMC4242635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are currently investigated for a variety of therapeutic applications. However, MSCs isolated from primary tissue cannot meet clinical grade needs and should be expanded in vitro for several passages. Although hMSCs show low possibility for undergoing oncogenic transformation, they do, similar to other somatic cells, undergo cellular senescence and their therapeutic potential is diminished when cultured in vitro. However, the role of senescent MSCs in tumor progression remains largely elusive. In the current study, by establishing senescent human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (s-UCMSCs) through the replicative senescence model and genotoxic stress induced premature senescence model, we show that s-UCMSCs significantly stimulate proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and tumor progression in a co-transplant xenograft mouse model compared with ‘young’ counterparts (defined as MSCs at passage 5, in contrast to senescent MSCs at passage 45). In addition, we identified IL-6, a known pleiotropic cytokine, as a principal mediator for the tumor-promoting activity of s-UCMSCs by induction of STAT3 phosphorylation. Depletion of IL-6 from s-UCMSCs conditioned medium partially abrogated the stimulatory effect of s-UCMSCs on the proliferation and migration of breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-hu Di
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Yan'erdao Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ying Lu
- The 307 Hospital, No. 8, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chutse Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hai-Feng Duan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine (BIRM), No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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CXCL12/CXCR4 axis confers adriamycin resistance to human chronic myelogenous leukemia and oroxylin A improves the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:212-25. [PMID: 24858801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the reversal effect of oroxylin A, a naturally bioactive monoflavonoid separated and purified from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, in human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that CXCL12 could enhance the resistance of K562 cells to adriamycin (ADM) by increasing the expression of CXCR4, up-regulating the downstream PI3K/Akt pathway, and promoting translocation of NF-κB dimers into nucleus and subsequently decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in K562 cells. And we found that ADM resistance was partially reversed by CXCR4 siRNA transfection. Moreover, the sensitivity enhancement of oroxylin A was demonstrated by decreasing the expression of CXCR4 at both protein and mRNA levels, via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway and triggering the apoptosis pathway in vitro. In addition, the in vivo study showed that oroxylin A increased apoptosis of leukemic cells with low systemic toxicity, and the mechanism was the same as in vitro study. In conclusion, all these results showed that oroxylin A improved the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells by increasing apoptosis in leukemic cells and decreasing the expression of CXCR4 and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway, and probably served as a most promising agent for CML treatment.
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12
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Burger JA, Gribben JG. The microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other B cell malignancies: insight into disease biology and new targeted therapies. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 24:71-81. [PMID: 24018164 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the active role of the microenvironment in the pathogenesis of B cell lymphomas has been recognized, delivering signals that favor clonal expansion and drug resistance. We are only beginning to understand the complex cross talk between neoplastic B cells and the tissue microenvironment, for example in secondary lymphoid organs, but some key cellular and molecular players have emerged. Mesenchymal stromal cells, nurselike cells (NLC) and lymphoma-associated macrophages (LAM), in concert with T cells, natural killer cells and extracellular matrix components participate in the dialog with the neoplastic B cells. B cell receptor signaling, activation via TNF family members (i.e. BAFF, APRIL), and tissue homing chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules are important in the interaction between malignant B cells and their microenvironment. Disrupting this cross talk is an attractive novel strategy for treating patients with B cell malignancies. Here, we summarize the cellular and molecular interactions between B cell lymphoma/leukemia cells and their microenvironment, and the therapeutic targets that are emerging, focusing on small molecule inhibitors that are targeting B cell receptor-associated kinases SYK, BTK, and PI3Ks, as well as on immunomodulatory agents and T cell mediated therapies. Clinically relevant aspects of new targeted therapeutics will be discussed, along with an outlook into future therapeutic strategies.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - John G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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13
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Chen N, Lv X, Li P, Lu K, Wang X. Role of high expression of IL-9 in prognosis of CLL. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:716-721. [PMID: 24551294 PMCID: PMC3925918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common leukemia in adults, but its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is initially described as a growth factor secreted by helper T cells. Recently, the oncogenic activities of IL-9 were reported in some leukemia but not chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the expression of IL-9 from patients with CLL and to evaluate its correlation with clinical characteristics. Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with CLL were analyzed using ELISA, RT-PCR, and western blot. ELISA analysis indicated IL-9 could be detected in 20 of 47 sera from CLL patients while none serum sample from healthy volunteers contained detectable levels of IL-9. There was a higher expression of IL-9 within PBMCs from patients with CLL compared with B cells of healthy blood donors using RT-PCR and western blot. The upregulated IL-9 was correlated to the clinical staging, ZAP-70 expression, β2 microglobulin expression and IgVH status of CLL patients (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that overexpression of IL-9 may contribute to the pathogenesis of CLL and is associated with some adverse prognostic parameters.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region
- Interleukin-9/blood
- Interleukin-9/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Up-Regulation
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Department of Hematology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Hematology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Department of Hematology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Kang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Institute of Diagnostics, Shandong University, School of MedicineJinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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The Spiegelmer NOX-A12, a novel CXCL12 inhibitor, interferes with chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell motility and causes chemosensitization. Blood 2013; 123:1032-9. [PMID: 24277076 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-03-493924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL12, or stromal cell-derived factor-1 as previously known) plays a critical role for homing and retention of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells in tissues such as the bone marrow (BM). In tissues, stromal cells constitutively secrete and present CXCL12 via cell-surface-bound glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), thereby attracting CLL cells and protecting them from cytotoxic drugs, a mechanism that may account for residual disease after conventional CLL therapy. NOX-A12, an RNA oligonucleotide in L-configuration (Spiegelmer) that binds and neutralizes CXCL12, was developed for interference with CXCL12 in the tumor microenvironment and for cell mobilization. Here, we examined effects of NOX-A12 on CLL cell migration and drug sensitivity. We found that NOX-A12 effectively inhibited CXCL12-induced chemotaxis of CLL cells. In contrast, NOX-A12 increased CLL migration underneath a confluent layer of BM stromal cells (BMSCs) due to interference with the CXCL12 gradient established by BMSCs. In particular, NOX-A12 competes with GAGs such as heparin for CXCL12 binding, leading to the release of CXCL12 from stromal cell-surface-bound GAGs, and thereby to neutralization of the chemokine. Furthermore, NOX-A12 sensitizes CLL cells toward bendamustine and fludarabine in BMSC cocultures. These data demonstrate that NOX-A12 effectively interferes with CLL cell migration and BMSC-mediated drug resistance, and establishes a rationale for clinical development of NOX-A12 in combination with conventional agents in CLL.
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Burger JA. The CLL cell microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 792:25-45. [PMID: 24014291 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8051-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cross talk between CLL cells and accessory stromal cells in specialized tissue microenvironments, such as the secondary lymphoid organs, favors CLL progression by promoting malignant B cell growth and drug resistance. Disrupting the cross talk between CLL cells and their milieu is an attractive, novel strategy for treating CLL patients. This chapter summarizes current knowledge about cellular and molecular interactions between CLL cells and their supportive tissue microenvironment and the therapeutic targets that are emerging, focusing on the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis and small molecule inhibitors that are targeting the B cell receptor-associated kinases SYK, BTK, and PI3Kδ. Clinically relevant aspects of these new therapeutics will be discussed, along with an outlook into future biologically oriented therapeutic strategies. The rapid progress in dissecting the CLL microenvironment and the promising early results of these new targeted treatments in CLL indicate that CLL has become a role model for microenvironment-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Burger
- Unit 428, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 301402, Houston, TX, 77230-1402, USA,
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