1
|
Koch L, Saha S, Huber K. Impact of Temperature on the Self-Assembly of Fibrinogen in Thrombin-Free Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:9987-9993. [PMID: 39316507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of thrombin-free solutions of fibrinogen can be triggered not only by a drop in the ionic strength but also by an appropriate decrease in temperature. Accordingly, an in situ study of self-assembly of fibrinogen in saline buffered solution is carried out by means of time-resolved light scattering providing the molar mass, geometric size, and hydrodynamic radius of the growing intermediates. The resulting data provide access to the morphology of the intermediates and to the mechanism in which these intermediates grow during the early stages of self-assembly. Modeling the results of concentration dependent experiments based on temperature gradients in terms of a chain growth mechanism leads to the corresponding molar standard enthalpy and entropy of aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Koch
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften/Physikalische Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Sanjib Saha
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften/Physikalische Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Klaus Huber
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften/Physikalische Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang K, Li W, Wu J, Yan Z, Li H. Effect of oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide on fibrin hydrogel formation and its application in wound healing dressing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135303. [PMID: 39236945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is influenced by various factors, including oxidative damage, bacterial infection, and inadequate angiogenesis, which collectively contribute to a protracted healing process. In this work, we designed innovative multifunctional hydrogels based on fibrin integrated with Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSP) or oxidated Bletilla striata polysaccharides (OBSP) for use as wound dressings. The preliminary structure and bioactivity of BSP and OBSP were investigated. The effect of polysaccharides on the self-assembly process of fibrin hydrogels were also evaluated. BSP and OBSP significantly altered the initial fibrin fibrillogenesis and the ultimate structure of the fibrin network. Relative to pure fibrin hydrogel, the incorporation of BSP and OBSP enhanced water swelling and retention, and decelerated the degradation of hydrogels in PBS. Furthermore, BSP and OBSP augmented the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties of fibrin hydrogels, with OBSP demonstrating superior performance in these aspects. Through the development of a murine wound model, it was observed that the wound healing efficacy of hydrogels incorporating BSP and OBSP surpassed that of the pure fibrin group. Notably, the hydrogel formulated with 25 mg/mL OBSP exhibited the most pronounced therapeutic effect, achieving a healing rate approaching 100 %. Consequently, fibrin-OBSP composite hydrogels demonstrate significant potential as wound dressings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhaolan Yan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hui Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Casini A, Moerloose PD, Neerman-Arbez M. Clinical, Laboratory, and Molecular Aspects of Congenital Fibrinogen Disorders. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024. [PMID: 39151903 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Congenital fibrinogen disorders (CFDs) include afibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia, and hypodysfibrinogenemia. The fibrinogen levels, the clinical features, and the genotype define several sub-types, each with specific biological and clinical issues. The diagnosis of CFDs is based on the measurement of activity and antigen fibrinogen levels as well as on the genotype. While relatively easy in quantitative fibrinogen disorders, the diagnosis can be more challenging in qualitative fibrinogen disorders depending on the reagents and methods used, and the underlying fibrinogen variants. Overall, quantitative and qualitative fibrinogen defects lead to a decrease in clottability, and usually in a bleeding tendency. The severity of the bleeding phenotype is moreover related to the concentration of fibrinogen. Paradoxically, patients with CFDs are also at risk of thrombotic events. The impact of the causative mutation on the structure and the fibrinogen level is one of the determinants of the thrombotic profile. Given the major role of fibrinogen in pregnancy, women with CFDs are particularly at risk of obstetrical adverse outcomes. The study of the fibrin clot properties can help to define the impact of fibrinogen disorders on the fibrin network. The development of next generation sequencing now allows the identification of genetic modifiers able to influence the global hemostasis balance in CFDs. Their integration in the assessment of the patient risk on an individual scale is an important step toward precision medicine in patients with such a heterogeneous clinical course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Casini
- Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Marguerite Neerman-Arbez
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Balanescu L, Gajdobranski D, Sretenović A, Kalinova K, Vajda P, Hanna K, Querolt M, Camprubí S, Mondou E. A Phase 3, Randomized, Active-controlled, Single-blind Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Fibrin Sealant Grifols in Achieving Hemostasis in Pediatric Surgery. J Pediatr Surg 2024:161639. [PMID: 39142955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, two fibrin sealant products, Fibrin Sealant Grifols (FS Grifols 80 mg/mL fibrinogen; 500 IU/mL thrombin) and Evicel (fibrinogen 55-85 mg/mL; thrombin 800-1200 IU/mL) were studied for efficacy in achieving hemostasis at a targeted bleeding site (TBS) on parenchymous or soft tissue in pediatric surgeries. METHODS This phase 3, single-blind, active comparator, non-inferiority trial compared the number of patients achieving hemostasis at a TBS at four (T4 - primary endpoint), seven (T7) and 10 (T10) minutes after application, Safety and tolerability were assessed by recording adverse events during and after procedures. Eligible patients were <18 years old undergoing elective, open, non-cardiac thoracic, abdominal or pelvic surgeries. Preterm (<37 weeks gestation) and newborn (0-27 days) infants were eligible. RESULTS At T4, 98.7% of FS Grifols group (n = 91) and 95.4% of the Evicel group (n = 87) achieved hemostasis. All patients with residual bleeding at T4 were undergoing soft tissue surgery. All patients achieved hemostasis by T7. At T10, all patients achieved hemostasis except one (FS Grifols (no observation recorded)). There were no incidents of persistent bleeding. For FS Grifols, 26.5% of patients had treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and 18.4% for Evicel. One TEAE (moderate procedural pain - FS Grifols group) was considered possibly related to study treatment. Three patients died for reasons unrelated to the study medications. CONCLUSIONS FS Grifols was safe and effective at achieving hemostasis in pediatric patients having parenchymous or soft tissue surgeries. The efficacy of FS Grifols was non-inferior to Evicel. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Balanescu
- Spitalul Clinic de Urgenta pentru Copi 'Grigore Alexandrescu', Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Djordje Gajdobranski
- Institute for Health Protection of Children and Youth, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Krasimira Kalinova
- UMHAT, General and Operative Surgery Clinic, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Péter Vajda
- University of Pécs Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kim Hanna
- Grifols Therapeutics LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Elsa Mondou
- Grifols Therapeutics LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie W, Donat A, Jiang S, Baranowsky A, Keller J. The emerging role of tranexamic acid and its principal target, plasminogen, in skeletal health. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2869-2884. [PMID: 39027253 PMCID: PMC11252461 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide burden of skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, degenerative joint disease and impaired fracture healing is steadily increasing. Tranexamic acid (TXA), a plasminogen inhibitor and anti-fibrinolytic agent, is used to reduce bleeding with high effectiveness and safety in major surgical procedures. With its widespread clinical application, the effects of TXA beyond anti-fibrinolysis have been noticed and prompted renewed interest in its use. Some clinical trials have characterized the effects of TXA on reducing postoperative infection rates and regulating immune responses in patients undergoing surgery. Also, several animal studies suggest potential therapeutic effects of TXA on skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and fracture healing. Although a direct effect of TXA on the differentiation and function of bone cells in vitro was shown, few mechanisms of action have been reported. Here, we summarize recent findings of the effects of TXA on skeletal diseases and discuss the underlying plasminogen-dependent and -independent mechanisms related to bone metabolism and the immune response. We furthermore discuss potential novel indications for TXA application as a treatment strategy for skeletal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Xie
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Antonia Donat
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Johannes Keller
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Undas A. Laboratory Testing for Fibrinogen Disorders: From Routine Investigations to Research Studies. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024. [PMID: 38889802 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Congenital and acquired fibrinogen disorders often have heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and are challenging from a laboratory perspective. Fibrinogen determination using the Clauss method remains the gold standard, while the reproducibility and significance of the thrombin time and the reptilase time are limited. Molecular testing for causative mutations in fibrinogen genes is now recommended to confirm the diagnosis of congenital fibrinogen disorders. Research assays are used to evaluate alterations to fibrin formation and properties of plasma and purified fibrinogen-derived clots, characterized by fiber thickness, the number of branches, and pore sizes. Fibrin clot permeability (permeation, porosity) using a hydrostatic pressure system represents the most commonly used method for evaluating fibrin network density. Reduced clot permeability, which denotes the reduced size of an average pore in the network, results in tighter fibrin networks, typically associated with impaired susceptibility to lysis, leading to a thrombotic tendency. Biophysical properties of fibrin clots are largely assessed using rheometry, with atomic force microscopy and nanorheology being increasingly used in disease states. Thromboelastography and thromboelastometry, a simple modification of rheometry, have been used, mainly in intensive care units, for more than 50 years. Given growing evidence for altered fibrin clot properties in diseases with elevated risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism and in some bleeding disorders, further work on standardization and validation of the assessment of fibrin clot characteristics is needed. This review summarizes the current methods used to evaluate fibrinogen abnormalities in both diagnostic and research laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anetta Undas
- Department of Thromboembolic Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, and Center for Research and Medical Technology, St. John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Silva MAFS, Linhares CRB, Saboia-Dantas CJ, Limirio PHJO, de Assis Costa MDM, de Oliveira HAAB, Alves RN, Dechichi P. Fibrin Network and Platelets Densities in Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) Membranes Produced from Plastic Tubes Without Additives: A New Approach to PRF Clinical Use. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:727-733. [PMID: 38911395 PMCID: PMC11189880 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-02103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose The present study aimed to investigate plastic tubes without additives as alternatives to glass and silica-coated plastic tubes, in the production of PRF membranes. Materials and Methods Nine blood samples were collected from eight volunteers (n = 8) separated into three groups, according to tube material: glass, silica-coated plastic, and plastic without additives. In each group, the samples were centrifuged using different relative centrifugation forces: L-PRF (700 g/12 min), A-PRF (200 g/14 min), and A-PRF + (200 g/8 min). The generated membranes were evaluated by histomorphometry, considering the fibrin network, platelet aggregates, and cellular morphology, by light microscopy. The ultrastructural cellular morphology integrity was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Results The L-PRF (p < 0.019) and A-PRF (p < 0.001) membranes showed a significantly lower fibrin network density in plastic tubes without additives compared to glass and silica-coated plastic tubes. Plastic tubes without additives revealed a significantly higher platelet percentage, regardless of the protocol (p < 0.005). In all groups, TEM analysis showed preserved normal morphological ultrastructure, maintaining the integrity of cellular components. Conclusion Plastic tubes without additives offer a viable alternative for producing PRF membranes. They exhibited a higher platelet density and demonstrated fibrin network and cellular morphology similar to those of glass and silica-coated plastic tubes, irrespective of the centrifugation protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos José Saboia-Dantas
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair Research, Brain Storm Academy, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rosiane Nascimento Alves
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Uberlandia, Avenida Pará 1720, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2B, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38.400-902 Brazil
- Biological Sciences Course, State University of Minas Gerais, Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Paula Dechichi
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Uberlandia, Avenida Pará 1720, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2B, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38.400-902 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goodarzi S, Abu-Hanna J, Harper S, Khan D, Morrow G, Curry N. Are all fibrinogen concentrates the same? The effects of two fibrinogen therapies in an afibrinogenemic patient and in a fibrinogen deficient plasma model. A clinical and laboratory case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1391422. [PMID: 38873197 PMCID: PMC11169818 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1391422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The choice of treatments for inherited, or acquired, fibrinogen deficient states is expanding and there are now several fibrinogen concentrate therapies commercially available. Patients with the rare inherited bleeding disorder, afibrinogenemia, commonly require life-long replacement therapy with fibrinogen concentrate to prevent hemorrhagic complications. Recent reports in the setting of acquired bleeding, namely trauma hemorrhage, have highlighted the potential importance of the different compositions of fibrinogen supplements, including cryoprecipitate and the various plasma- derived concentrates. Clot strength and the subsequent susceptibility of a clot to lysis is highly dependent on the amount of fibrinogen as well as its structural composition, the concentration of pro- and anti-coagulant factors, as well as fibrinolytic regulators, such as factor XIII (FXIII). This report details the effects of two commercially available fibrinogen concentrates (Riastap®, CSL Behring and Fibryga®, Octapharma) on important functional measures of clot formation and lysis in a patient with afibrinogenemia. Our report offers insights into the differential effects of these concentrates, at the clot level, according to the variable constituents of each product, thereby emphasizing that the choice of fibrinogen concentrate can influence the stability of a clot in vivo. Whether this alters clinical efficacy is yet to be understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soutiam Goodarzi
- Oxford University Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeries Abu-Hanna
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Harper
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dalia Khan
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gael Morrow
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Curry
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramanujam RK, Garyfallogiannis K, Litvinov RI, Bassani JL, Weisel JW, Purohit PK, Tutwiler V. Mechanics and microstructure of blood plasma clots in shear driven rupture. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4184-4196. [PMID: 38686609 PMCID: PMC11135145 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Intravascular blood clots are subject to hydrodynamic shear and other forces that cause clot deformation and rupture (embolization). A portion of the ruptured clot can block blood flow in downstream vessels. The mechanical stability of blood clots is determined primarily by the 3D polymeric fibrin network that forms a gel. Previous studies have primarily focused on the rupture of blood plasma clots under tensile loading (Mode I), our current study investigates the rupture of fibrin induced by shear loading (Mode II), dominating under physiological conditions induced by blood flow. Using experimental and theoretical approaches, we show that fracture toughness, i.e. the critical energy release rate, is relatively independent of the type of loading and is therefore a fundamental property of the gel. Ultrastructural studies and finite element simulations demonstrate that cracks propagate perpendicular to the direction of maximum stretch at the crack tip. These observations indicate that locally, the mechanism of rupture is predominantly tensile. Knowledge gained from this study will aid in the development of methods for prediction/prevention of thrombotic embolization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini K Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John L Bassani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prashant K Purohit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valerie Tutwiler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gupta R, Verma D. Ultrafast gelling bioadhesive based on blood plasma and gelatin for wound closure and healing. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045001. [PMID: 38657627 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad42ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Tissue adhesives offer a plethora of advantages in achieving efficient wound closure over conventional sutures and staples. Such materials are of great value, especially in cases where suturing could potentially damage tissues or compromise blood flow or in cases of hard-to-reach areas. Besides providing wound closure, the tissue adhesives must also facilitate wound healing. Previously, plasma-based tissue adhesives and similar bioinspired strategies have been utilized to aid in wound healing. Still, their application is constrained by factors such as high cost, diminished biocompatibility, prolonged gelation times, inadequate swelling, quick resorption, as well as short-term and inconsistent efficacy. To address these limitations, we report the development of a highly biocompatible and ultrafast-gelling tissue adhesive hydrogels. Freeze-dried platelet-rich plasma, heat-denatured freeze-dried platelet-poor plasma, and gelatin were utilized as the base matrix. Gelation was initiated by adding tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride. The fabricated gels displayed rapid gelation (3-4 s), low swelling, increased proliferation, and migration against L929 cells and had porcine skin tissue adhesion strength similar to that of plasma-based commercial glue (Tisseel®).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritvesh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Devendra Verma
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Neves MA, Ni TT, Mackeigan DT, Shoara AA, Lei X, Slavkovic S, Yu SY, Stratton TW, Gallant RC, Zhang D, Xu XR, Fernandes C, Zhu G, Hu X, Chazot N, Donaldson LW, Johnson PE, Connelly K, Rand M, Wang Y, Ni H. Salvianolic acid B inhibits thrombosis and directly blocks the thrombin catalytic site. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102443. [PMID: 38993621 PMCID: PMC11238050 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Salvianolic acid B (SAB) is a major component of Salvia miltiorrhiza root (Danshen), widely used in East/Southeast Asia for centuries to treat cardiovascular diseases. Danshen depside salt, 85% of which is made up of SAB, is approved in China to treat chronic angina. Although clinical observations suggest that Danshen extracts inhibited arterial and venous thrombosis, the exact mechanism has not been adequately elucidated. Objective To delineate the antithrombotic mechanisms of SAB. Methods We applied platelet aggregation and coagulation assays, perfusion chambers, and intravital microscopy models. The inhibition kinetics and binding affinity of SAB to thrombin are measured by thrombin enzymatic assays, intrinsic fluorescence spectrophotometry, and isothermal titration calorimetry. We used molecular in silico docking models to predict the interactions of SAB with thrombin. Results SAB dose-dependently inhibited platelet activation and aggregation induced by thrombin. SAB also reduced platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate and collagen. SAB attenuated blood coagulation by modifying fibrin network structures and significantly decreased thrombus formation in mouse cremaster arterioles and perfusion chambers. The direct SAB-thrombin interaction was confirmed by enzymatic assays, intrinsic fluorescence spectrophotometry, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Interestingly, SAB shares key structural similarities with the trisubstituted benzimidazole class of thrombin inhibitors, such as dabigatran. Molecular docking models predicted the binding of SAB to the thrombin active site. Conclusion Our data established SAB as the first herb-derived direct thrombin catalytic site inhibitor, suppressing thrombosis through both thrombin-dependent and thrombin-independent pathways. Purified SAB may be a cost-effective agent for treating arterial and deep vein thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A.D. Neves
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiffany T. Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel T. Mackeigan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aron A. Shoara
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xi Lei
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sladjana Slavkovic
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Si-Yang Yu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler W. Stratton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reid C. Gallant
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dan Zhang
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Ruby Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl Fernandes
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guangheng Zhu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xudong Hu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noa Chazot
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Logan W. Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip E. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret Rand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Hematology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Güven B, Can M. Fibrinogen: Structure, abnormalities and laboratory assays. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 120:117-143. [PMID: 38762239 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Fibrinogen is the primary precursor protein for the fibrin clot, which is the final target of blood clotting. It is also an acute phase reactant that can vary under physiologic and inflammatory conditions. Disorders in fibrinogen concentration and/or function have been variably linked to the risk of bleeding and/or thrombosis. Fibrinogen assays are commonly used in the management of bleeding as well as the treatment of thrombosis. This chapter examines the structure of fibrinogen, its role in hemostasis as well as in bleeding abnormalities and measurement thereof with respect to clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Güven
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Murat Can
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chang S, Just J, Skakkebæk A, Johannsen EB, Fedder J, Gravholt CH, Münster AMB. Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Klinefelter Syndrome-Follow-up Study Associating Hemostasis and RNA Expression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:978-991. [PMID: 37962976 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) develop hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, are in need of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), and present with a more than 4-fold increased risk of thrombosis. TRT in KS has the potential to modify thrombotic risk, but data are scarce. AIM To assess effects of 18 months of TRT on hemostasis in KS and identify genes associated with the prothrombotic phenotype. METHODS Untreated and TRT-treated men with KS were included at baseline and matched to healthy controls. TRT was initiated in untreated KS and all groups were reassessed after 18 months of follow-up. Thrombin generation was evaluated with or without thrombomodulin, and fibrin clot lysis was evaluated by turbidity measurements. RNA expression was assessed in blood, fat, and muscle tissue of patients with TRT-treated KS and controls. RESULTS Thrombin generation with thrombomodulin was slightly increased in untreated KS, but overall KS was not associated with a hypercoagulable state. KS presented with fibrinolytic impairment associated with higher body fat and higher levels of fibrinogen. Eighteen months of TRT in KS was associated with a reduction in body fat and fibrinogen, attenuating the prothrombotic profile. The expression of ENPP4 was higher in men with KS and served as a key player among a group of genes associated with impaired fibrinolysis. CONCLUSION KS is associated with a specific expression profile contributing to fibrinolytic impairment and increased thrombotic risk in the patients. TRT in patients with KS has the potential for alleviating the prothrombotic phenotype, in particular by reducing body fat and fibrinogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chang
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Just
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Skakkebæk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emma B Johannsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Fedder
- Centre of Andrology and Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus H Gravholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna-Marie B Münster
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bannish BE, Paynter B, Risman RA, Shroff M, Tutwiler V. The effect of plasmin-mediated degradation on fibrinolysis and tissue plasminogen activator diffusion. Biophys J 2024; 123:610-621. [PMID: 38356261 PMCID: PMC10938117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We modify a three-dimensional multiscale model of fibrinolysis to study the effect of plasmin-mediated degradation of fibrin on tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) diffusion and fibrinolysis. We propose that tPA is released from a fibrin fiber by simple kinetic unbinding, as well as by "forced unbinding," which occurs when plasmin degrades fibrin to which tPA is bound. We show that, if tPA is bound to a small-enough piece of fibrin that it can diffuse into the clot, then plasmin can increase the effective diffusion of tPA. If tPA is bound to larger fibrin degradation products (FDPs) that can only diffuse along the clot, then plasmin can decrease the effective diffusion of tPA. We find that lysis rates are fastest when tPA is bound to fibrin that can diffuse into the clot, and slowest when tPA is bound to FDPs that can only diffuse along the clot. Laboratory experiments confirm that FDPs can diffuse into a clot, and they support the model hypothesis that forced unbinding of tPA results in a mix of FDPs, such that tPA bound to FDPs can diffuse both into and along the clot. Regardless of how tPA is released from a fiber, a tPA mutant with a smaller dissociation constant results in slower lysis (because tPA binds strongly to fibrin), and a tPA mutant with a larger dissociation constant results in faster lysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Bannish
- University of Central Oklahoma, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Edmond, Oklahoma.
| | - Bradley Paynter
- University of Central Oklahoma, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Edmond, Oklahoma
| | - Rebecca A Risman
- Rutgers University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Mitali Shroff
- Rutgers University, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Valerie Tutwiler
- Rutgers University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Piscataway, New Jersey.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodriguez M, Zheng Z. Connecting impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102394. [PMID: 38706781 PMCID: PMC11066549 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A State of the Art lecture entitled "Connecting Fibrinolysis and Dyslipidemia" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress 2023. Hemostasis balances the consequences of blood clotting and bleeding. This balance relies on the proper formation of blood clots, as well as the breakdown of blood clots. The primary mechanism that breaks down blood clots is fibrinolysis, where the fibrin net becomes lysed and the blood clot dissolves. Dyslipidemia is a condition where blood lipid and lipoprotein levels are abnormal. Here, we review studies that observed connections between impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia. We also summarize the different correlations between thrombosis and dyslipidemia in different racial and ethnic groups. Finally, we summarize relevant and new findings on this topic presented during the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress. More studies are needed to investigate the mechanistic connections between impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia and whether these mechanisms differ in racially and ethnically diverse populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rodriguez
- Thrombosis & Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Thrombosis & Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Saha S, Büngeler A, Hense D, Strube OI, Huber K. On the Mechanism of Self-Assembly of Fibrinogen in Thrombin-free Aqueous Solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4152-4163. [PMID: 38363086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Fibrinogen dissolved in 0.12 M aqueous NaCl solution at a pH of 6.6 exhibits self-assembly in response to a lowering of the NaCl concentration to values equal to or lower than 60 mM. As has been established in a preceding work (Langmuir 2019, 35, and 12113), a characteristic signature of the self-assembly triggered by a drop in ionic strength is the formation of large globular particles. Growth of these particles most likely obeys a coalescence-like process also termed a step growth process. In order to extend this knowledge, the present work first optimized the protocol, leading to highly reproducible self-assembly experiments. Based on this optimization, the work succeeded in identifying an initial stage, not yet accessible, during which rigid short fibrils grow in close analogy to the thrombin-catalyzed polymerization of fibrin. In addition, first suggestions could be made on the transformation of these fibrils into larger aggregates, which upon drying turn into thick fiber-like ropes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Saha
- Department Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, Paderborn 33098, Germany
| | - Anne Büngeler
- Department Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, Paderborn 33098, Germany
- Universität Innsbruck - Institute for Chemical Engineering, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Dominik Hense
- Universität Innsbruck - Institute for Chemical Engineering, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Oliver I Strube
- Universität Innsbruck - Institute for Chemical Engineering, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Klaus Huber
- Department Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, Paderborn 33098, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nanthan KR, Pedersen IS, Andersen DT, Bor MV. Congenital Hypodysfibrinogenemia due to γ326Cys→Tyr Mutation: Third Ever-Described Case Associated with Recurrent Venous Thrombosis and COVID Vaccine. Acta Haematol 2024; 147:564-570. [PMID: 39140696 DOI: 10.1159/000536562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital fibrinogen disorders are a heterogenous group of fibrinogen defects. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we describe hypodysfibrinogenemia in a 33-year-old female patient with provoked recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed based on decreased functional and antigenic fibrinogen levels with a decreased functional/antigenic fibrinogen ratio. Definitive diagnosis of congenital hypodysfibrinogenemia is done by genotyping using whole-exome sequencing, which identified the γ326Cys→Tyr mutation combined with single-nucleotide polymorphisms: rs2070011 and rs2070018 in FGA and rs1049636 in FGG. Fibrin structure assays showed reduced maximum polymerization rate. The mother of the proband shares the same γ326Cys→Tyr mutation and experienced a provoked DVT. CONCLUSION Our case with DVT is the third ever-described occurrence of the mutation γ326Cys→Tyr that is associated with hypodysfibrinogenemia. The mechanism by which this mutation induces thrombosis remains unknown. Due to the high recurrence risk of thrombosis, the patient was treated with long-term reduced dose of rivaroxaban (10 mg daily) as secondary prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumanan Rune Nanthan
- Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark,
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark,
| | | | - Dorte Terp Andersen
- Department of Clinical Molecularbiology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Mustafa Vakur Bor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang L. Better with poorly performing fibrin(ogen). Blood 2024; 143:95-97. [PMID: 38206639 PMCID: PMC10797544 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shibeko AM, Ilin IS, Podoplelova NA, Sulimov VB, Panteleev MA. Chemical Adjustment of Fibrinolysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:92. [PMID: 38256925 PMCID: PMC10819531 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrinolysis is the process of the fibrin-platelet clot dissolution initiated after bleeding has been stopped. It is regulated by a cascade of proteolytic enzymes with plasmin at its core. In pathological cases, the balance of normal clot formation and dissolution is replaced by a too rapid lysis, leading to bleeding, or an insufficient one, leading to an increased thrombotic risk. The only approved therapy for emergency thrombus lysis in ischemic stroke is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, though streptokinase or urokinase-type plasminogen activators could be used for other conditions. Low molecular weight compounds are of great interest for long-term correction of fibrinolysis dysfunctions. Their areas of application might go beyond the hematology field because the regulation of fibrinolysis could be important in many conditions, such as fibrosis. They enhance or weaken fibrinolysis without significant effects on other components of hemostasis. Here we will describe and discuss the main classes of these substances and their mechanisms of action. We will also explore avenues of research for the development of new drugs, with a focus on the use of computational models in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M. Shibeko
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109029 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, 117197 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Ilin
- Research Computing Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.I.); (V.B.S.)
- Dimonta, Ltd., 117186 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A. Podoplelova
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109029 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, 117197 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir B. Sulimov
- Research Computing Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.I.); (V.B.S.)
- Dimonta, Ltd., 117186 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Panteleev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109029 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.S.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, 117197 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hedayati M, Chen YI, Houser JR, Wang Y, Norouzi S, Yeh HC, Parekh SH. Visualizing molecular deformation in fibrin networks under tensile loading via FLIM-FRET. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14575-14578. [PMID: 37988171 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05281h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Mapping molecular deformation and forces in protein biomaterials is critical to understanding mechanochemistry. Here we use intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) of dual-labeled fibrin to distinguish molecular conformations of proteins in situ during mechanical loading. The FRET approach offers increased spatial resolution compared to our previous vibrational imaging. By using fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM), we demonstrate that the combination of FRET and FLIM can probe the molecular changes in fibrin with high spatial (nanometer) and temporal (nanosecond) resolution. Our results map changes in fibrin monomer deformation during the macroscopic loading of the fibrin network, paving the way to directly visualizing the biomaterial mechanics and structure in cell-ECM scaffolds for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan-I Chen
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Justin R Houser
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Yujen Wang
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Sajjad Norouzi
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sapun H Parekh
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Glatt V, Tetsworth K. Biomimetic Hematoma as a Novel Delivery Vehicle for rhBMP-2 to Potentiate the Healing of Nonunions and Bone Defects. J Orthop Trauma 2023; 37:S33-S39. [PMID: 37828700 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The management of bone defects and nonunions creates unique clinical challenges. Current treatment alternatives are often insufficient and frequently require multiple surgeries. One promising option is bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is the most potent inducer of osteogenesis. However, its use is associated with many side effects, related to the delivery and high doses necessary. To address this need, we developed an ex vivo biomimetic hematoma (BH), replicating naturally healing fracture hematoma, using whole blood and the natural coagulants calcium and thrombin. It is an autologous carrier able to deliver reduced doses of rhBMP-2 to enhance bone healing for complex fractures. More than 50 challenging cases involving recalcitrant nonunions and bone defects have already been treated using the BH delivering reduced doses of rhBMP-2, to evaluate both the safety and efficacy. Preliminary data suggest the BH is currently the only clinically used carrier able to effectively deliver reduced doses (∼70% less) of rhBMP-2 with high efficiency, rapidly and robustly initiating the bone repair cascade to successfully reconstruct complex bone injuries without side effects. The presented case provides a clear demonstration of this technology's ability to significantly alter the clinical outcome in extremely challenging scenarios where other treatment options have failed or are considered unsuitable. A favorable safety profile would portend considerable promise for BH as an alternative to bone grafts and substitutes. Although further studies regarding its clinical efficacy are still warranted, this novel approach nevertheless has tremendous potential as a favorable treatment option for bone defects, open fractures, and recalcitrant nonunions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaida Glatt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- Orthopaedic Research Centre of Australia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Tetsworth
- Orthopaedic Research Centre of Australia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Orthopaedic Clinical Stream, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Heurich M, McCluskey G. Complement and coagulation crosstalk - Factor H in the spotlight. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152707. [PMID: 37633063 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The immune complement and the coagulation systems are blood-based proteolytic cascades that are activated by pathway-specific triggers, based on protein-protein interactions and enzymatic cleavage reactions. Activation of these systems is finely balanced and controlled through specific regulatory mechanisms. The complement and coagulation systems are generally viewed as distinct, but have common evolutionary origins, and several interactions between these homologous systems have been reported. This complement and coagulation crosstalk can affect activation, amplification and regulatory functions in both systems. In this review, we summarize the literature on coagulation factors contributing to complement alternative pathway activation and regulation and highlight molecular interactions of the complement alternative pathway regulator factor H with several coagulation factors. We propose a mechanism where factor H interactions with coagulation factors may contribute to both complement and coagulation activation and regulation within the haemostatic system and fibrin clot microenvironment and introduce the emerging role of factor H as a modulator of coagulation. Finally, we discuss the potential impact of these protein interactions in diseases associated with factor H dysregulation or deficiency as well as evidence of coagulation dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Heurich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom.
| | - Geneviève McCluskey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose HITH U1176, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kuang C, Li D, Zhou X, Lin H, Zhang R, Xu H, Huang S, Tang F, Liu F, Tang D, Dai Y. Proteomic analysis of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyryl in SLE reveals protein modification alteration in complement and coagulation cascades and platelet activation Pathways. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:247. [PMID: 37845672 PMCID: PMC10577913 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are considered to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyryl (Khib), as an emerging post-translational modification of proteins, is involved in some important biological metabolic activities. However, there are poor studies on its correlation with diseases, especially SLE. OBJECTIVE We performed quantitative, comparative, and bioinformatic analysis of Khib proteins in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients and PBMCs of healthy controls. Searching for pathways related to SLE disease progression and exploring the role of Khib in SLE. METHODS Khib levels in SLE patients and healthy controls were compared based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, then proteomic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, Khib in SLE patients was up-regulated at 865 sites of 416 proteins and down-regulated at 630 sites of 349 proteins. The site abundance, distribution and function of Khib protein were investigated further. Bioinformatics analysis showed that Complement and coagulation cascades and Platelet activation in immune-related pathways were significantly enriched, suggesting that differentially modified proteins among them may affect SLE. CONCLUSION Khib in PBMCs of SLE patients was significantly up- or down-regulated compared with healthy controls. Khib modification of key proteins in the Complement and coagulation cascades and Platelet activation pathways affects platelet activation and aggregation, coagulation functions in SLE patients. This result provides a new direction for the possible significance of Khib in the pathogenesis of SLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Kuang
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Department of Nephrology, The 924th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Guilin, Guangxi, 541002, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
- Experimental Center, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The 924th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Guilin, Guangxi, 541002, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The 924th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Guilin, Guangxi, 541002, China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The 924th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Guilin, Guangxi, 541002, China
| | - Huixuan Xu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Shaoying Huang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The 924th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Guilin, Guangxi, 541002, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The 924th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Guilin, Guangxi, 541002, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zuev YF, Kusova AM, Sitnitsky AE. Protein translational diffusion as a way to detect intermolecular interactions. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1111-1125. [PMID: 37975004 PMCID: PMC10643801 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we analyze the information on the protein intermolecular interactions obtained from macromolecular diffusion. We have shown that the most hopeful results are given by our approach based on analysis of protein translational self-diffusion and collective diffusion obtained by dynamic light scattering and pulsed-field gradient NMR (PFG NMR) spectroscopy with the help of Vink's approach to analyze diffusion motion of particles by frictional formalism of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the usage of the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory of colloid particles interactions in electrolyte solutions. Early we have shown that integration of Vink's theory with DLVO provides a reliable basis for uniform interpreting of PFG NMR and DLS experiments on concentration dependence of diffusion coefficients. Basic details of theoretical and mathematical procedures and a broad analysis of experimental attestation of proposed conception on proteins of various structural form, size, and shape are presented. In the present review, the main capabilities of our approach obtain the details of intermolecular interactions of proteins with different shapes, internal structures, and mass. The universality of Vink's approach is experimentally shown, which gives the appropriate description of experimental results for proteins of complicated structure and shape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy F. Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky St., 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Aleksandra M. Kusova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky St., 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Aleksandr E. Sitnitsky
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky St., 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gao C, Bao B, Bao C, Wu W. Fungi Fibrinolytic Compound 1 Plays a Core Role in Modulating Fibrinolysis, Altering Plasma Clot Structure, and Promoting Susceptibility to Lysis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2320. [PMID: 37765289 PMCID: PMC10536852 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrin clot structure and function are major determinants of venous and arterial thromboembolic diseases, as well as the key determinants of the efficiency of clot lysis. Studies have revealed that fungi fibrinolytic compound 1 (FGFC1) is a novel marine pyranisoindolone natural product with fibrinolytic activity. Here, we explore the impacts of FGFC1 on clot structure, lysis, and plasminogen activation in vitro using turbidimetric, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, confocal and electron microscopy, urokinase, or plasmin chromogenic substrate. Clots formed in the presence of FGFC1 expressed reduced fibrin polymerization rate and maximum turbidity; however, they did not influence the lag phase of fibrin polymerization. In the absence of scu-PA (single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator), microscopy revealed that FGFC1 increased the number of protofibrils within fibrin fiber and the pore diameter between protofibrils, inducing clots to form a region of thinner and looser networks separated by large pores. The effects of FGFC1 on scu-PA-mediated plasma clot structure were similar to those in the absence of scu-PA. In addition, FGFC1 promoted the lysis of clots and increased the D-dimer concentration in lysate. FGFC1 increased the generation rate of p-nitroaniline in plasma. These results show that FGFC1 has fibrinolytic activity in plasma, leading to interference with the release of fibrinopeptide B to affect lateral aggregation of protofibrils and increase clot susceptibility to fibrinolysis by altering its structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Gao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (C.G.)
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (C.G.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chunling Bao
- The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (C.G.)
- Putuo Sub-Center of International Joint Research Center for Marine Biological Sciences, Zhongke Road, Putuo District, Zhoushan 316104, China
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Lane 218, Haiji Sixth Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kasper M, Cydis M, Afridi A, Smadi BM, Li Y, Charlier A, Barnes BE, Hohn J, Cline MJ, Carver W, Matthews M, Savin D, Rinaldi-Ramos CM, Schmidt CE. Development of a bioactive tunable hyaluronic-protein bioconjugate hydrogel for tissue regenerative applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7663-7674. [PMID: 37458393 PMCID: PMC10528782 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02766f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Every year, there are approximately 500 000 peripheral nerve injury (PNI) procedures due to trauma in the US alone. Autologous and acellular nerve grafts are among current clinical repair options; however, they are limited largely by the high costs associated with donor nerve tissue harvesting and implant processing, respectively. Therefore, there is a clinical need for an off-the-shelf nerve graft that can recapitulate the native microenvironment of the nerve. In our previous work, we created a hydrogel scaffold that incorporates mechanical and biological cues that mimic the peripheral nerve microenvironment using chemically modified hyaluronic acid (HA). However, with our previous work, the degradation profile and cell adhesivity was not ideal for tissue regeneration, in particular, peripheral nerve regeneration. To improve our previous hydrogel, HA was conjugated with fibrinogen using Michael-addition to assist in cell adhesion and hydrogel degradability. The addition of the fibrinogen linker was found to contribute to faster scaffold degradation via active enzymatic breakdown, compared to HA alone. Additionally, cell count and metabolic activity was significantly higher on HA conjugated fibrinogen compared previous hydrogel formulations. This manuscript discusses the various techniques deployed to characterize our new modified HA fibrinogen chemistry physically, mechanically, and biologically. This work addresses the aforementioned concerns by incorporating controllable degradability and increased cell adhesivity while maintaining incorporation of hyaluronic acid, paving the pathway for use in a variety of applications as a multi-purpose tissue engineering platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kasper
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Madison Cydis
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Abdullah Afridi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Bassam M Smadi
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Yuan Li
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Alban Charlier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Brooke E Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Julia Hohn
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Michael J Cline
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Wayne Carver
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Michael Matthews
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Daniel Savin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Carlos M Rinaldi-Ramos
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Michael C, Pancaldi F, Britton S, Kim OV, Peshkova AD, Vo K, Xu Z, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW, Alber M. Combined computational modeling and experimental study of the biomechanical mechanisms of platelet-driven contraction of fibrin clots. Commun Biol 2023; 6:869. [PMID: 37620422 PMCID: PMC10449797 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
While blood clot formation has been relatively well studied, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the subsequent structural and mechanical clot remodeling called contraction or retraction. Impairment of the clot contraction process is associated with both life-threatening bleeding and thrombotic conditions, such as ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolism, and others. Recently, blood clot contraction was observed to be hindered in patients with COVID-19. A three-dimensional multiscale computational model is developed and used to quantify biomechanical mechanisms of the kinetics of clot contraction driven by platelet-fibrin pulling interactions. These results provide important biological insights into contraction of platelet filopodia, the mechanically active thin protrusions of the plasma membrane, described previously as performing mostly a sensory function. The biomechanical mechanisms and modeling approach described can potentially apply to studying other systems in which cells are embedded in a filamentous network and exert forces on the extracellular matrix modulated by the substrate stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Michael
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Francesco Pancaldi
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Samuel Britton
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Oleg V Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Alina D Peshkova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Khoi Vo
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Mark Alber
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ablan FDO, Maurer MC. Fbg αC 389-402 Enhances Factor XIII Cross-Linking in the Fibrinogen αC Region Via Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2170-2181. [PMID: 37410946 PMCID: PMC10583745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation Factor XIII (FXIII) stabilizes blood clots by cross-linking glutamines and lysines in fibrin and other proteins. FXIII activity in the fibrinogen αC region (Fbg αC 221-610) is critical for clot stability and growth. Fbg αC 389-402 is a binding site for thrombin-activated FXIII, (FXIII-A*), with αC E396 promoting FXIII-A* binding and activity in αC. The current study aimed to discover additional residues within Fbg αC 389-402 that accelerate transglutaminase activity toward αC. Electrostatic αC residues (E395, E396, and D390), hydrophobic αC residues (W391 and F394), and residues αC 328-425 were studied by mutations to recombinant Fbg αC 233-425. FXIII activity was monitored through MS-based glycine ethyl ester (GEE) cross-linking and gel-based fluorescence monodansylcadaverine (MDC) cross-linking assays. Truncation mutations 403 Stop (Fbg αC 233-402), 389 Stop (Fbg αC 233-388), and 328 Stop (Fbg αC 233-327) reduced Q237-GEE and MDC cross-linking compared to wild-type (WT). Comparable cross-linking between 389 Stop and 328 Stop showed that FXIII is mainly affected by the loss of Fbg αC 389-402. Substitution mutations E396A, D390A, W391A, and F394A decreased cross-linking relative to WT, whereas E395A, E395S, E395K, and E396D had no effect. Similar FXIII-A* activities were observed for double mutants (D390A, E396A) and (W391A, E396A), relative to D390A and W391A, respectively. In contrast, cross-linking was reduced in (F394A, E396A), relative to F394A. In conclusion, Fbg αC 389-402 boosts FXIII activity in Fbg αC, with D390, W391, and F394 identified as key contributors in enhancing αC cross-linking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis D. O. Ablan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Muriel C. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Y, Liang Q, Wu W, Hu X, Wang H, Wang X, Ding Q. Fibrinogen BOE II: dysfibrinogenemia with bleeding and defective thrombin binding. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:102145. [PMID: 37601017 PMCID: PMC10439445 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Variants of fibrinogen sequences that bind to thrombin's catalytic sites are mostly associated with bleeding phenotypes, while variants with fibrinogen nonsubstrate-thrombin-binding sites are commonly believed to cause thrombosis. AαGlu39 and BβAla68 play important roles in fibrin(ogen)-thrombin-nonsubstrate binding. The BβAla68Thr variant has been described in several unrelated families with apparent thrombotic phenotypes. Objectives Homozygous AαGlu39Lys variant (fibrinogen BOE II) was identified in a boy with dysfibrinogenemia who had multiple cerebral hemorrhages. A series of analyses were performed to assess the variant's functions and elucidate underlying bleeding mechanisms. Methods Abnormal fibrinogen was purified from plasma and subjected to Western blot, fibrinogen and fibrin monomer polymerization, clottability, fibrinopeptides release, activated factor (F)XIII (FXIIIa) cross-linking, fibrinolysis, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Results Fibrinogen BOE II weakened the binding capacity of thrombin to fibrinogen and delayed the formation of fibrin clots. The release of fibrinopeptides, polymerization of fibrinogen catalyzed by thrombin, and cross-linking of FXIIIa of fibrinogen BOE II were impaired. In contrast, batroxobin-catalyzed fibrinogen polymerization and desA/desAB fibrin monomer polymerization did not differ from those in normal controls. Fibrin clots formed by fibrinogen BOE II were composed of thicker fibrin fibers and showed a faster fibrinolysis rate. Conclusion Defective fibrin(ogen)-thrombin-nonsubstrate binding is not necessarily associated with thrombotic disorders. When the hypercoagulable state created by increased circulating free thrombin is insufficient to compensate for defective hemostasis caused by slowly formed but rapidly lysed clots, the primary concern of thrombin-binding deficiency dysfibrinogenemia appears to be hemorrhage rather than thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenman Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualiang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiulan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kakinoki K, Kurasawa R, Maki Y, Dobashi T, Yamamoto T. Gelation and Orientation Dynamics Induced by Contact of Protein Solution with Transglutaminase Solution. Gels 2023; 9:478. [PMID: 37367148 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gel growth induced by contact of polymer solutions with crosslinker solutions yields an emerging class of anisotropic materials with many potential applications. Here, we report the case of a study on the dynamics in forming anisotropic gels using this approach with an enzyme as a trigger of gelation and gelatin as the polymer. Unlike the previously studied cases of gelation, the isotropic gelation was followed by gel polymer orientation after a lag time. The isotropic gelation dynamics did not depend on concentrations of the polymer turning into gel and of the enzyme inducing gelation, whereas, for the anisotropic gelation, the square of the gel thickness was a linear function of the elapsed time, and the slope increased with polymer concentration. The gelation dynamics of the present system was explained by a combination of diffusion-limited gelation followed by free-energy-limited orientation of polymer molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Kakinoki
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kurasawa
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Maki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Dobashi
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takao Yamamoto
- Division of Pure and Applied Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nathwani R, Proumen A, Blaine KP. Etiology and management of hypofibrinogenemia in trauma. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2023; 36:382-387. [PMID: 36994749 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fibrin polymerization is essential for stable clot formation in trauma, and hypofibrinogenemia reduces hemostasis in trauma. This review considers fibrinogen biology, the changes that fibrinogen undergoes after major trauma, and current evidence for lab testing and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Fibrinogen is a polypeptide that is converted to fibrin by the action of thrombin. During trauma, fibrinogen levels are consumed and reduce within the first few hours because of consumption, dilution, and fibrinolysis. Fibrinogen levels usually rebound within 48 hours of injury and can contribute to thrombotic events. The Clauss fibrinogen assay is the gold standard test for fibrinogen levels, although viscoelastic hemostatic assays are often used when a lab delay is anticipated. An evidence-based threshold for fibrinogen replacement is not well established in the literature, but expert opinion recommends maintaining a level above 150 mg/dl. SUMMARY Hypofibrinogenemia is an important cause of nonanatomic bleeding in trauma. Despite multiple pathologic causes, the cornerstone of treatment remains fibrinogen replacement with cryoprecipitate or fibrinogen concentrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajen Nathwani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adrian Proumen
- State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate University Hospital, Syracuse, New York
| | - Kevin P Blaine
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, UHN2, Portland, Orlando, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
EzEldeen M, Moroni L, Nejad ZM, Jacobs R, Mota C. Biofabrication of engineered dento-alveolar tissue. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213371. [PMID: 36931083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oral health is essential for a good overall health. Dento-alveolar conditions have a high prevalence, ranging from tooth decay periodontitis to alveolar bone resorption. However, oral tissues exhibit a limited regenerative capacity, and full recovery is challenging. Therefore, regenerative therapies for dento-alveolar tissue (e.g., alveolar bone, periodontal membrane, dentin-pulp complex) have gained much attention, and novel approaches have been proposed in recent decades. This review focuses on the cells, biomaterials and the biofabrication methods used to develop therapies for tooth root bioengineering. Examples of the techniques covered are the multitude of additive manufacturing techniques and bioprinting approaches used to create scaffolds or tissue constructs. Furthermore, biomaterials and stem cells utilized during biofabrication will also be described for different target tissues. As these new therapies gradually become a reality in the lab, the translation to the clinic is still minute, with a further need to overcome multiple challenges and broaden the clinical application of these alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa EzEldeen
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Paediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Zohre Mousavi Nejad
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Nanotechnology and Advance Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, P.O. Box: 31787-316, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Mota
- Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mitrakas AG, Tsolou A, Didaskalou S, Karkaletsou L, Efstathiou C, Eftalitsidis E, Marmanis K, Koffa M. Applications and Advances of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids: Challenges in Their Development and Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086949. [PMID: 37108113 PMCID: PMC10138394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research requires both in vitro and in vivo studies in order to explore disease processes or drug interactions. Foundational investigations have been performed at the cellular level using two-dimensional cultures as the gold-standard method since the early 20th century. However, three-dimensional (3D) cultures have emerged as a new tool for tissue modeling over the last few years, bridging the gap between in vitro and animal model studies. Cancer has been a worldwide challenge for the biomedical community due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Various methods have been developed to produce multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs), including scaffold-free and scaffold-based structures, which usually depend on the demands of the cells used and the related biological question. MCTSs are increasingly utilized in studies involving cancer cell metabolism and cell cycle defects. These studies produce massive amounts of data, which demand elaborate and complex tools for thorough analysis. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of several up-to-date methods used to construct MCTSs. In addition, we also present advanced methods for analyzing MCTS features. As MCTSs more closely mimic the in vivo tumor environment, compared to 2D monolayers, they can evolve to be an appealing model for in vitro tumor biology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas G Mitrakas
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Avgi Tsolou
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stylianos Didaskalou
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Lito Karkaletsou
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Efstathiou
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Evgenios Eftalitsidis
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Marmanis
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Martín C, Bachiller A, Fernández-Blázquez JP, Nishina Y, Jorcano JL. Plasma-Derived Fibrin Hydrogels Containing Graphene Oxide for Infections Treatment. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2023; 5:1245-1255. [PMID: 38323142 PMCID: PMC10842975 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.2c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Wound infection is inevitable in most patients suffering from extensive burns or chronic ulcers, and there is an urgent demand for the production of bactericidal dressings to be used as grafts to restore skin functionalities. In this context, the present study explores the fabrication of plasma-derived fibrin hydrogels containing bactericidal hybrids based on graphene oxide (GO). The hydrogels were fully characterized regarding gelation kinetics, mechanical properties, and internal hydrogel structures by disruptive cryo scanning electron microscopies (cryo-SEMs). The gelation kinetic experiments revealed an acceleration of the gel formation when GO was added to the hydrogels in a concentration of up to 0.2 mg/mL. The cryo-SEM studies showed up a decrease of the pore size when GO was added to the network, which agreed with a faster area contraction and a higher compression modulus of the hydrogels that contained GO, pointing out the critical structural role of the nanomaterial. Afterward, to study the bactericidal ability of the gels, GO was used as a carrier, loading streptomycin (STREP) on its surface. The loading content of the drug to form the hybrid (GO/STREP) resulted in 50.2% ± 4.7%, and the presence of the antibiotic was also demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy, Z-potential studies, and thermogravimetric analyses. The fibrin-derived hydrogels containing GO/STREP showed a dose-response behavior according to the bactericidal hybrid concentration and allowed a sustained release of the antibiotic at a programmed rate, leading to drug delivery over a prolonged period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martín
- Department
of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III
de Madrid, Leganés 28911, Spain
| | - Ariadna Bachiller
- Department
of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III
de Madrid, Leganés 28911, Spain
| | | | - Yuta Nishina
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Research
Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama
University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - José L. Jorcano
- Department
of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III
de Madrid, Leganés 28911, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Siddiqui S, Falak U. A Quest to Find the Aetiology of Pulmonary Embolism Beyond the Common: A Case of Dyshypofibrinogenemia Presenting as Pulmonary Embolism. Cureus 2023; 15:e37647. [PMID: 37200649 PMCID: PMC10187979 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypodysfibrinogenemia-related thromboembolic disorder is a rarely encountered clinical entity. We present such a case of a 34-year-old lady with no known co-morbidities presenting to the accident and emergency unit with left-sided pleuritic chest pain associated with non-productive cough and breathlessness. Laboratory tests revealed fibrinogen level of 0.42 g/l (1.5-4g/l) with prolonged prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) along with elevated d-dimer, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and troponin. CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) found bilateral pulmonary embolism with right heart strain. Functional/antigenic fibrinogen ratio was 0.38. Genetic testing eventually revealed a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 8-p.1055G>C; p.Cys352Ser in the sequencing of the fibrinogen gene FGG (gamma chain) confirming the diagnosis of dyshypofibrinogenemia. She was treated with anticoagulants with fibrinogen replacement therapy and later discharged on apixaban.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saquib Siddiqui
- Respiratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, GBR
| | - Umair Falak
- Respiratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, GBR
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Woloszyk A, Aguilar L, Perez L, Salinas EL, Glatt V. Biomimetic hematoma delivers an ultra-low dose of rhBMP-2 to successfully regenerate large femoral bone defects in rats. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213366. [PMID: 36905826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful repair of large bone defects remains a clinical challenge. Following fractures, a bridging hematoma immediately forms as a crucial step that initiates bone healing. In larger bone defects the micro-architecture and biological properties of this hematoma are compromised, and spontaneous union cannot occur. To address this need, we developed an ex vivo Biomimetic Hematoma that resembles naturally healing fracture hematoma, using whole blood and the natural coagulants calcium and thrombin, as an autologous delivery vehicle for a very reduced dose of rhBMP-2. When implanted into a rat femoral large defect model, complete and consistent bone regeneration with superior bone quality was achieved with 10-20× less rhBMP-2 compared to that required with the collagen sponges currently used. Moreover, calcium and rhBMP-2 demonstrated a synergistic effect enhancing osteogenic differentiation, and fully restored mechanical strength 8 weeks after surgery. Collectively, these findings suggest the Biomimetic Hematoma provides a natural reservoir for rhBMP-2, and that retention of the protein within the scaffold rather than its sustained release might be responsible for more robust and rapid bone healing. Clinically, this new implant, using FDA-approved components, would not only reduce the risk of adverse events associated with BMPs, but also decrease treatment costs and nonunion rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woloszyk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA
| | - Leonardo Aguilar
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA
| | - Louis Perez
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA
| | - Emily L Salinas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA
| | - Vaida Glatt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA; Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shin A, Connolly S, Kabytaev K. Protein glycation in diabetes mellitus. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 113:101-156. [PMID: 36858645 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the ninth leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is a complex disease that manifests as chronic hyperglycemia. Glucose exposure causes biochemical changes at the proteome level as reflected in accumulation of glycated proteins. A prominent example is hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a glycated protein widely accepted as a diabetic indicator. Another emerging biomarker is glycated albumin which has demonstrated utility in situations where HbA1c cannot be used. Other proteins undergo glycation as well thus impacting cellular function, transport and immune response. Accordingly, these glycated counterparts may serve as predictors for diabetic complications and thus warrant further inquiry. Fortunately, modern proteomics has provided unique analytic capability to enable improved and more comprehensive exploration of glycating agents and glycated proteins. This review broadly covers topics from epidemiology of diabetes to modern analytical tools such as mass spectrometry to facilitate a better understanding of diabetes pathophysiology. This serves as an attempt to connect clinically relevant questions with findings of recent proteomic studies to suggest future avenues of diabetes research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleks Shin
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shawn Connolly
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kuanysh Kabytaev
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Crossen J, Shankar KN, Diamond SL. Investigating thrombin-loaded fibrin in whole blood clot microfluidic assay via fluorogenic peptide. Biophys J 2023; 122:697-712. [PMID: 36635963 PMCID: PMC9989883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During clotting under flow, thrombin rapidly generates fibrin, whereas fibrin potently sequesters thrombin. This co-regulation was studied using microfluidic whole blood clotting on collagen/tissue factor, followed by buffer wash, and a start/stop cycling flow assay using the thrombin fluorogenic substrate, Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-AMC. After 3 min of clotting (100 s-1) and 5 min of buffer wash, non-elutable thrombin activity was easily detected during cycles of flow cessation. Non-elutable thrombin was similarly detected in plasma clots or arterial whole blood clots (1000 s-1). This thrombin activity was ablated by Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethylketone (PPACK), apixaban, or Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro to inhibit fibrin. Reaction-diffusion simulations predicted 108 nM thrombin within the clot. Heparin addition to the start/stop assay had little effect on fibrin-bound thrombin, whereas addition of heparin-antithrombin (AT) required over 6 min to inhibit the thrombin, indicating a substantial diffusion limitation. In contrast, heparin-AT rapidly inhibited thrombin within microfluidic plasma clots, indicating marked differences in fibrin structure and functionality between plasma clots and whole blood clots. Addition of GPVI-Fab to blood before venous or arterial clotting (200 or 1000 s-1) markedly reduced fibrin-bound thrombin, whereas GPVI-Fab addition after 90 s of clotting had no effect. Perfusion of AF647-fibrinogen over washed fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-fibrin clots resulted in an intense red layer around, but not within, the original FITC-fibrin. Similarly, introduction of plasma/AF647-fibrinogen generated substantial red fibrin masses that did not penetrate the original green clots, demonstrating that fibrin cannot be re-clotted with fibrinogen. Overall, thrombin within fibrin is non-elutable, easily accessed by peptides, slowly accessed by average-sized proteins (heparin/AT), and not accessible to fresh fibrinogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Crossen
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 1024 Vagelos Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kaushik N Shankar
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 1024 Vagelos Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Scott L Diamond
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 1024 Vagelos Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Marchi R, Durual S, Pecheux O, Neerman-Arbez M, Casini A. Physiological correction of hereditary mild hypofibrinogenemia during pregnancy. Haemophilia 2023; 29:836-843. [PMID: 36757142 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary hypofibrinogenemia is a rare fibrinogen disorder characterised by decreased levels of fibrinogen. Pregnant women with hypofibrinogenemia are at risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes, depending on the fibrinogen level. AIM We investigated how the physiological changes of hemostasis throughout the pregnancy impact the hemostatic balance in a woman with hereditary mild hypofibrinogenemia. METHODS Fibrin clot properties were analyzed by turbidimetry and scanning electron microscopy, clot weight and red blood cells retention were measured by whole clot contraction, and in vitro thrombin generation was assessed by calibrated automated thrombogram and ex vivo by TAT. RESULTS Throughout the pregnancy, the fibrinogen levels increased reaching normal values in the third trimester (activity 3.1 g/L, antigen 3.2 g/L). In parallel, the fibrin polymerisation increased, the fibrinolysis decreased, the fibrin clot network became denser with thicker fibrin fibers, and the fibrin clot weight and red blood cells retention increased, reaching control's value at the third trimester. Similarly, in vitro and ex vitro thrombin generation increased, reaching maximum values at the delivery. CONCLUSION In this case of hereditary mild hypofibrinogenemia we observed a physiological increase of fibrinogen and thrombin generation. Future studies should focus on moderate and severe hypofibrinogenemia, to assess fibrinogen variation and the overall impact of increased TG on the hemostasis balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Marchi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Durual
- Biomaterials Laboratory, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Océane Pecheux
- Division of Obstetric, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marguerite Neerman-Arbez
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Casini
- Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nelson AC, Fogelson AL. Towards understanding the effect of fibrinogen interactions on fibrin gel structure. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:024413. [PMID: 36932478 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibrin gelation involves the enzymatic conversion of the plasma protein fibrinogen to fibrin monomers which then polymerize to form the gel that is a major structural component of a blood clot. Because fibrinogen provides the material from which fibrin is made, it is generally regarded as promoting the gelation process. However, fibrinogen can bind to a site on a fibrin oligomer, preventing another fibrin oligomer from binding there, thus slowing the polymerization process. "Soluble fibrin oligomers," which are mixtures of fibrin and fibrinogen, are found in the blood plasma and serve as biomarkers for various clotting disorders, so understanding the interplay between fibrin and fibrinogen during fibrin polymerization may have medical importance. We present a kinetic gelation model of fibrin polymerization which accounts for the dual and antagonistic roles of fibrinogen. It builds on our earlier model of fibrin polymerization that proposed a novel mechanism for branch formation, which is a necessary component of gelation. This previous model captured salient experimental observations regarding the determinants of the structure of the gel, but did not include fibrinogen binding. Here, we add to that model reactions between fibrinogen and fibrin, so oligomers are now mixtures of fibrin and fibrinogen, and characterizing their dynamics leads to equations of substantially greater complexity than previously. Using a moment generating function approach, we derive a closed system of moment equations and we track their dynamics until the finite time blow-up of specific second moments indicates that a gel has formed. In simulations begun with an initial mixture of fibrin and fibrinogen monomers, a sufficiently high relative concentration of fibrinogen prevents gelation; the critical concentration increases with the branch formation rate. In simulations begun with only fibrinogen monomers that are converted to fibrin at a specified rate, the rates of conversion, fibrinogen binding to oligomers, and branch formation together determine whether a gel forms, how long it takes to form, and the structural properties of the gel that results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Nelson
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Box 90320, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0320, USA
| | - Aaron L Fogelson
- Departments of Mathematics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 155 South 1400 East, Room 233, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0090, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Geahchan C, Ruopp N, Ortoleva J. Pulmonary Embolism: HITT the Nail on the Head. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37:782-783. [PMID: 36746683 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Geahchan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Nicole Ruopp
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jamel Ortoleva
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Evolution and Clinical Advances of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Musculoskeletal Regeneration. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010058. [PMID: 36671630 PMCID: PMC9854731 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, various forms of platelet concentrates have evolved with significant clinical utility. The newer generation products, including leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), have shown superior biological properties in musculoskeletal regeneration than the first-generation concentrates, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and plasma rich in growth factors. These newer platelet concentrates have a complete matrix of physiological fibrin that acts as a scaffold with a three-dimensional (3D) architecture. Further, it facilitates intercellular signaling and migration, thereby promoting angiogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic activities. A-PRF with higher leukocyte inclusion possesses antimicrobial activity than the first generations. Due to the presence of enormous amounts of growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that are released, A-PRF has the potential to replicate the various physiological and immunological factors of wound healing. In addition, there are more neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, all of which secrete essential chemotactic molecules. As a result, both L-PRF and A-PRF are used in the management of musculoskeletal conditions, such as chondral injuries, tendinopathies, tissue regeneration, and other sports-related injuries. In addition to this, its applications have been expanded to include the fields of reconstructive cosmetic surgery, wound healing in diabetic patients, and maxillofacial surgeries.
Collapse
|
43
|
Pereira RVS, EzEldeen M, Ugarte-Berzal E, Martens E, Malengier-Devlies B, Vandooren J, Vranckx J, Matthys P, Opdenakker G. Physiological fibrin hydrogel modulates immune cells and molecules and accelerates mouse skin wound healing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170153. [PMID: 37168862 PMCID: PMC10165074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wound healing is a complex process to restore homeostasis after injury and insufficient skin wound healing is a considerable problem in medicine. Whereas many attempts of regenerative medicine have been made for wound healing with growth factors and cell therapies, simple pharmacological and immunological studies are lagging behind. We investigated how fibrin hydrogels modulate immune cells and molecules in skin wound healing in mice. Methods Physiological fibrin hydrogels (3.5 mg/mL fibrinogen) were generated, biophysically analyzed for stiffness and protein contents and were structurally studied by scanning electron microscopy. Physiological fibrin hydrogels were applied to full thickness skin wounds and, after 3 days, cells and molecules in wound tissues were analyzed. Leukocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes were explored with the use of Flow Cytometry, whereas cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases were analyzed with the use of qPCR, ELISAs and zymography. Skin wound healing was analyzed microscopically at day 3, macroscopically followed daily during repair in mice and compared with commercially available fibrin sealant Tisseel. Results Exogenous fibrin at physiological concentrations decreased neutrophil and increased non-classical Ly6Clow monocyte and resolutive macrophage (CD206+ and CX3CR1+) populations, at day 3 after injury. Fibrin hydrogel reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased IL-10 levels. In line with these findings, gelatinase B/MMP-9 was decreased, whereas gelatinase A/MMP-2 levels remained unaltered. Frequencies of dermal endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes were increased and keratinocyte migration was enhanced by fibrin hydrogel. Importantly, physiological fibrin accelerated the healing of skin wounds in contrast to the highly concentrated fibrin sealant Tisseel, which delayed wound repair and possessed a higher fiber density. Conclusion Collectively, we show that adding a tailored fibrin hydrogel scaffold to a wound bed positively influences the healing process, modulating leukocyte populations and inflammatory responses towards a faster wound repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Vaz Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mostafa EzEldeen
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
- Pediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Malengier-Devlies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Jeroen Vranckx
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Ghislain Opdenakker,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen L, Zhang W, Liu C. Combination of D-dimer and Albumin in the Prediction of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231165054. [PMID: 36946100 PMCID: PMC10034306 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231165054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) makes spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) treatment more challenging. We aimed to determine the predictive ability of D-dimer combination with albumin for DVT in spontaneous ICH. METHODS Spontaneous ICH patients were retrospectively included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve was adopted. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was further conducted to assess the predictive powers of D-dimer and albumin in different models. Besides, the incremental predictive ability of D-dimer combination with albumin was evaluated with areas under the curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination index (IDI). RESULTS D-dimer was significantly higher, while albumin was considerably lower in the DVT group than in the non-DVT group [D-dimer, 0.47 (0.29, 1.08) versus 0.98 (0.48, 2.49), P < .001; albumin, 39.45 ± 7.05 versus 36.93 ± 4.77, P < .001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher D-dimer and lower albumin were independently related to DVT after controlling confounders (D-dimer, OR = 1.061, 95% CI = 1.012-1.112, P = .013; albumin, OR = 0.934, 95% CI = 0.895-0.973, P = .001). The best cut-off value of the D-dimer was 0.40, and the albumin was 37.15. Besides, D-dimer and albumin had good predictive abilities in different models. The AUC, NRI, and IDI revealed that models that included the D-dimer combination with albumin had better predictability than those without. CONCLUSIONS D-dimer combination with albumin has a good predictability of DVT in spontaneous ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Chen
- Department of Neurology, 625444The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, 89657The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, 625444The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li XF, Lu P, Jia HR, Li G, Zhu B, Wang X, Wu FG. Emerging materials for hemostasis. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
46
|
Risser F, López-Morales J, Nash MA. Adhesive Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus Resist Digestion by Coagulation Proteases Thrombin and Plasmin. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:586-599. [PMID: 36573096 PMCID: PMC9782320 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an invasive and life-threatening pathogen that has undergone extensive coevolution with its mammalian hosts. Its molecular adaptations include elaborate mechanisms for immune escape and hijacking of the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. These capabilities are enacted by virulence factors including microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) and the plasminogen-activating enzyme staphylokinase (SAK). Despite the ability of S. aureus to modulate coagulation, until now the sensitivity of S. aureus virulence factors to digestion by proteases of the coagulation system was unknown. Here, we used protein engineering, biophysical assays, and mass spectrometry to study the susceptibility of S. aureus MSCRAMMs to proteolytic digestion by human thrombin, plasmin, and plasmin/SAK complexes. We found that MSCRAMMs were highly resistant to proteolysis, and that SAK binding to plasmin enhanced this resistance. We mapped thrombin, plasmin, and plasmin/SAK cleavage sites of nine MSCRAMMs and performed biophysical, bioinformatic, and stability analysis to understand structural and sequence features common to protease-susceptible sites. Overall, our study offers comprehensive digestion patterns of S. aureus MSCRAMMs by thrombin, plasmin, and plasmin/SAK complexes and paves the way for new studies into this resistance and virulence mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Risser
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland,Department
of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joanan López-Morales
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland,Department
of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Nash
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland,Department
of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland,E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tran DQ, Stelflug N, Hall A, Nallan Chakravarthula T, Alves NJ. Microplastic Effects on Thrombin-Fibrinogen Clotting Dynamics Measured via Turbidity and Thromboelastography. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121864. [PMID: 36551292 PMCID: PMC9775992 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics, whether manufactured or resulting from environmental degradation, can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal pathways. Previous research has found that nanoplastics with diameters of ≤100 nm can translocate into the circulatory system in a dose-dependent manner and potentially impact thrombosis and hemostasis. To investigate the direct effects of microplastics on fibrin clot formation, a simplified ex vivo human thrombin/fibrinogen clot model was utilized. The 100 nm polystyrene particles (non-functionalized [nPS] and aminated [aPS]) were preincubated (0-200 µg/mL) with either thrombin or fibrinogen, and fibrin clot formation was characterized via turbidity and thromboelastography (TEG). When the particles were preincubated with fibrinogen, little effect was observed for aPS or nPS on turbidity or TEG up through 100 µg/mL. TEG results demonstrated a significant impact on clot formation rate and strength, in the case of nPS preincubated with thrombin exhibiting a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect. In conclusion, the presence of microplastics can have inhibitory effects on fibrin clot formation that are dependent upon both particle surface charge and concentration. Negatively charged nPS exhibited the most significant impacts to clot strength, turbidity, and rate of fibrin formation when first incubated with thrombin, with its impact being greatly diminished when preincubated with fibrinogen in this simplified fibrin clot model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Q. Tran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nathan Stelflug
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Abigail Hall
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tanmaye Nallan Chakravarthula
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nathan J. Alves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Varjú I, Tóth E, Farkas ÁZ, Farkas VJ, Komorowicz E, Feller T, Kiss B, Kellermayer MZ, Szabó L, Wacha A, Bóta A, Longstaff C, Kolev K. Citrullinated fibrinogen forms densely packed clots with decreased permeability. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2862-2872. [PMID: 36083779 PMCID: PMC9828116 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrin, the main scaffold of thrombi, is susceptible to citrullination by PAD (peptidyl arginine deiminase) 4, secreted from neutrophils during the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Citrullinated fibrinogen (citFg) has been detected in human plasma as well as in murine venous thrombi, and it decreases the lysability and mechanical resistance of fibrin clots. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of fibrinogen citrullination on the structure of fibrin clots. METHODS Fibrinogen was citrullinated with PAD4 and clotted with thrombin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to measure fiber thickness, fiber height/width ratio, and fiber persistence length in clots containing citFg. Fiber density was measured with laser scanning microscopy (LSM) and permeability measurements were carried out to estimate the porosity of the clots. The intra-fiber structure of fibrin was analyzed with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). RESULTS SEM images revealed a decrease in the median fiber diameter that correlated with the fraction of citFg in the clot, while the fiber width/length ratio remained unchanged according to AFM. With SAXS we observed that citrullination resulted in the formation of denser clots in line with increased fiber density shown by LSM. The permeability constant of citrullinated fibrin decreased more than 3-fold indicating significantly decreased porosity. SAXS also showed largely preserved periodicity in the longitudinal assembly of fibrin monomers. CONCLUSION The current observations of thin fibers combined with dense packing and low porosity in the presence of citFg can provide a structural framework for the mechanical fragility and lytic resistance of citrullinated fibrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imre Varjú
- Program in Cellular and Molecular MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Erzsébet Tóth
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Ádám Z. Farkas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Veronika J. Farkas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Erzsébet Komorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Tímea Feller
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Balázs Kiss
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - László Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of Functional and Structural Materials, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - András Wacha
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Centre for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Attila Bóta
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Centre for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Colin Longstaff
- National Institute for Biological Standards and ControlSouth MimmsUK
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kelley MA, Leiderman K. Mathematical modeling to understand the role of bivalent thrombin-fibrin binding during polymerization. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010414. [PMID: 36107837 PMCID: PMC9477365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin is an enzyme produced during blood coagulation that is crucial to the formation of a stable clot. Thrombin cleaves soluble fibrinogen into fibrin, which polymerizes and forms an insoluble, stabilizing gel around the growing clot. A small fraction of circulating fibrinogen is the variant γA/γ′, which has been associated with high-affinity thrombin binding and implicated as a risk factor for myocardial infarctions, deep vein thrombosis, and coronary artery disease. Thrombin is also known to be strongly sequestered by polymerized fibrin for extended periods of time in a way that is partially regulated by γA/γ′. However, the role of γA/γ′-thrombin interactions during fibrin polymerization is not fully understood. Here, we present a mathematical model of fibrin polymerization that considered the interactions between thrombin, fibrinogen, and fibrin, including those with γA/γ′. In our model, bivalent thrombin-fibrin binding greatly increased thrombin residency times and allowed for thrombin-trapping during fibrin polymerization. Results from the model showed that early in fibrin polymerization, γ′ binding to thrombin served to localize the thrombin to the fibrin(ogen), which effectively enhanced the enzymatic conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. When all the fibrin was fully generated, however, the fibrin-thrombin binding persisted but the effect of fibrin on thrombin switched quickly to serve as a sink, essentially removing all free thrombin from the system. This dual role for γ′-thrombin binding during polymerization led to a paradoxical decrease in trapped thrombin as the amount of γ′ was increased. The model highlighted biochemical and biophysical roles for fibrin-thrombin interactions during polymerization and agreed well with experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Kelley
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Karin Leiderman
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Taymour R, Chicaiza-Cabezas NA, Gelinsky M, Lode A. Core-shell bioprinting of vascularized in vitro liver sinusoid models. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 36070706 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac9019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In vitro liver models allow the investigation of the cell behavior in disease conditions or in response to changes in the microenvironment. A major challenge in liver tissue engineering is to mimic the tissue-level complexity: Besides the selection of suitable biomaterial(s) replacing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell sources, the three-dimensional (3D) microarchitecture defined by the fabrication method is a critical factor to achieve functional constructs. In this study, coaxial extrusion-based 3D bioprinting has been applied to develop a liver sinusoid-like model that consists of a core compartment containing pre-vascular structures and a shell compartment containing hepatocytes. The shell ink was composed of alginate and methylcellulose (algMC), dissolved in human fresh frozen plasma. The algMC blend conferred high printing fidelity and stability to the core-shell constructs and the plasma as biologically active component enhanced viability and supported cluster formation and biomarker expression of HepG2 embedded in the shell. For the core, a natural ECM-like ink based on angiogenesis-supporting collagen-fibrin (CF) matrices was developed; the addition of gelatin (G) enabled 3D printing in combination with the plasma-algMC shell ink. Human endothelial cells (HUVEC), laden in the CFG core ink together with human fibroblasts as supportive cells, formed a pre-vascular network in the core in the absence and presence of HepG2 in the shell. The cellular interactions occurring in the triple culture model enhanced the albumin secretion. In conclusion, core-shell bioprinting was shown to be a valuable tool to study cell-cell-interactions and to develop complex tissue-like models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Taymour
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Sachsen, 01307, GERMANY
| | - Nathaly Alejandra Chicaiza-Cabezas
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Sachsen, 01307, GERMANY
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universitat Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Dresden, 01062, GERMANY
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, 01307, GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|