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Wang G, Feng X, Ding J. Molecular basis for the functional roles of the multimorphic T95R mutation of IRF4 causing human autosomal dominant combined immunodeficiency. Structure 2023; 31:1441-1451.e3. [PMID: 37683642 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a transcription factor that regulates the development and function of immune cells. Recently, a new multimorphic mutation T95R was identified in the IRF4 DNA-binding domain (DBD) in patients with autosomal dominant combined immune deficiency. Here, we characterized the interactions of the wild-type IRF4-DBD (IRF4-DBDWT) and T95R mutant (IRF4-DBDT95R) with a canonical DNA sequence and several noncanonical DNA sequences. We found that compared to IRF4-DBDWT, IRF4-DBDT95R exhibits higher binding affinities for both canonical and noncanonical DNAs, with the highest preference for the noncanonical GATA sequence. The crystal structures of IRF4-DBDWT in complex with the GATA sequence and IRF4-DBDT95R in complexes with both canonical and noncanonical DNAs were determined, showing that the T95R mutation enhances the interactions of IRF4-DBDT95R with the canonical and noncanonical DNAs to achieve higher affinity and specificity. Collectively, our data provide the molecular basis for the gain-of-function and new function of IRF4T95R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xueqian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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2
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Maffei R, Fiorcari S, Atene CG, Martinelli S, Mesini N, Pilato F, Lagreca I, Barozzi P, Riva G, Nasillo V, Paolini A, Forghieri F, Potenza L, Trenti T, Tagliafico E, Luppi M, Marasca R. The dynamic functions of IRF4 in B cell malignancies. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00968-0. [PMID: 36495369 PMCID: PMC10390622 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe trajectory of B cell development goes through subsequent steps governed by complex genetic programs, strictly regulated by multiple transcription factors. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) regulates key points from pre-B cell development and receptor editing to germinal center formation, class-switch recombination and plasma cell differentiation. The pleiotropic ability of IRF4 is mediated by its “kinetic control”, allowing different IRF4 expression levels to activate distinct genetic programs due to modulation of IRF4 DNA-binding affinity. IRF4 is implicated in B cell malignancies, acting both as tumor suppressor and as tumor oncogene in different types of precursors and mature B cell neoplasia. Here, we summarize the complexity of IRF4 functions related to different DNA-binding affinity, multiple IRF4-specific target DNA motif, and interactions with transcriptional partners. Moreover, we describe the unique role of IRF4 in acute leukemias and B cell mature neoplasia, focusing on pathogenetic implications and possible therapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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3
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Reduced IRF4 expression promotes lytic phenotype in Type 2 EBV-infected B cells. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010453. [PMID: 35472072 PMCID: PMC9041801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are infected with two types of EBV (Type 1 (T1) and Type 2 (T2)) that differ substantially in their EBNA2 and EBNA 3A/B/C latency proteins and have different phenotypes in B cells. T1 EBV transforms B cells more efficiently than T2 EBV in vitro, and T2 EBV-infected B cells are more lytic. We previously showed that both increased NFATc1/c2 activity, and an NFAT-binding motif within the BZLF1 immediate-early promoter variant (Zp-V3) contained in all T2 strains, contribute to lytic infection in T2 EBV-infected B cells. Here we compare cellular and viral gene expression in early-passage lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) infected with either T1 or T2 EBV strains. Using bulk RNA-seq, we show that T2 LCLs are readily distinguishable from T1 LCLs, with approximately 600 differentially expressed cellular genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) suggests that T2 LCLs have increased B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, NFAT activation, and enhanced expression of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-associated genes. T2 LCLs also have decreased RNA and protein expression of a cellular gene required for survival of T1 LCLs, IRF4. In addition to its essential role in plasma cell differentiation, IRF4 decreases BCR signaling. Knock-down of IRF4 in a T1 LCL (infected with the Zp-V3-containing Akata strain) induced lytic reactivation whereas over-expression of IRF4 in Burkitt lymphoma cells inhibited both NFATc1 and NFATc2 expression and lytic EBV reactivation. Single-cell RNA-seq confirmed that T2 LCLs have many more lytic cells compared to T1 LCLs and showed that lytically infected cells have both increased NFATc1, and decreased IRF4, compared to latently infected cells. These studies reveal numerous differences in cellular gene expression in B cells infected with T1 versus T2 EBV and suggest that decreased IRF4 contributes to both the latent and lytic phenotypes in cells with T2 EBV.
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4
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Fiorcari S, Maffei R, Atene CG, Mesini N, Maccaferri M, Leonardi G, Martinelli S, Paolini A, Nasillo V, Debbia G, Potenza L, Luppi M, Marasca R. Notch2 Increases the Resistance to Venetoclax-Induced Apoptosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells by Inducing Mcl-1. Front Oncol 2022; 11:777587. [PMID: 35070982 PMCID: PMC8770925 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.777587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has experienced a clinical revolution—thanks to the discovery of crucial pathogenic mechanisms. CLL is still an incurable disease due to intrinsic or acquired resistance of the leukemic clone. Venetoclax is a Bcl-2 inhibitor with a marked activity in CLL, but emerging patterns of resistance are being described. We hypothesize that intrinsic features of CLL cells may contribute to drive mechanisms of resistance to venetoclax. We analyzed the expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4), Notch2, and Mcl-1 in a cohort of CLL patients. We evaluated CLL cell viability after genetic and pharmaceutical modulation of Notch2 expression in patients harboring trisomy 12. We tested venetoclax in trisomy 12 CLL cells either silenced or not for Notch2 expression or in combination with an inhibitor of Mcl-1, AMG-176. Trisomy 12 CLL cells were characterized by low expression of IRF4 associated with high levels of Notch2 and Mcl-1. Notch2 and Mcl-1 expression determined protection of CLL cells from spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis. Considering the involvement of Mcl-1 in venetoclax resistance, our data demonstrated a contribution of high levels of Notch2 and Mcl-1 in a reduced response to venetoclax in CLL cells carrying trisomy 12. Furthermore, reduction of Mcl-1 expression by silencing Notch2 or by treatment with AMG-176 was able to restore the response of CLL cells to venetoclax. The expression of Notch2 identifies a subset of CLL patients, mainly harboring trisomy 12, characterized by high levels of Mcl-1. This biological mechanism may compromise an effective response to venetoclax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Fiorcari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) of Modena, Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Giacinto Atene
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Mesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Maccaferri
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) of Modena, Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Leonardi
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) of Modena, Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ambra Paolini
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) of Modena, Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nasillo
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Modena (AUSL)/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena (AOU) Policlinico, Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Debbia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) of Modena, Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) of Modena, Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) of Modena, Policlinico, Modena, Italy
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5
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Molecular interactions of IRF4 in B cell development and malignancies. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1219-1227. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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6
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Benatti S, Atene CG, Fiorcari S, Mesini N, Martinelli S, Zucchini P, Bacchelli F, Maccaferri M, Debbia G, Potenza L, Rossi D, Vallisa D, Trentin L, Gaidano G, Luppi M, Marasca R, Maffei R. IRF4 L116R mutation promotes proliferation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells inducing MYC. Hematol Oncol 2021; 39:707-711. [PMID: 34431535 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Benatti
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Giacinto Atene
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Fiorcari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Mesini
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zucchini
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Bacchelli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Maccaferri
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hematology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Debbia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Vallisa
- Division of Hematology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hematology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy
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Playa-Albinyana H, Arenas F, Colomer D. Advantages and disadvantages of mouse models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1085-1090. [PMID: 34074187 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1935860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heribert Playa-Albinyana
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Cáncer (CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian Arenas
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Cáncer (CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Cáncer (CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Deng ZM, Dai FF, Zhou Q, Cheng YX. Hsa_circ_0000301 facilitates the progression of cervical cancer by targeting miR-1228-3p/IRF4 Axis. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:583. [PMID: 34020619 PMCID: PMC8140416 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the broadened application of gene expression profiles analysis, the role of miRNA and circRNA are of increasing concern in recent years, especially during the pathogenesis of cancer. However, to date, the reported on this area in cervical cancer are limited. Method In this study, Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differential gene expression analysis were utilized to screen out differentially expressed (DE) circular RNAs in cervical cancer, and then we predicted and screened the combined microRNAs (miRNA) and downstream mRNAs to construct circular (circ)RNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Result As a result, a regulatory circular (circ)RNA-miRNA-mRNA with 1 circRNA node, 4 miRNA nodes, 135 mRNA nodes were constructed in an attempt to provide novel biomarkers for the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. In addition, enrichment analysis including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed on mRNAs in the network. After further screening of mRNAs by two online databases of GEPIA2 and RNAyhrid, precise target genes were obtained. Next, we screened out four target genes (CXCL16, IRF4, OAS3 and PTGER3) by constructing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and mapped them to the initial network to reconstruct the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Notably, the low expression of IRF4 was demonstrated to be associated with a significantly poorer overall survival in the GEPIA2 database, which was also verified by the immunofluorescence of the sections in Human Protein Atlas (HPA). The upstream miRNA corresponding to IRF4 is hsa-miR-1228-3p. Conclusion From above concern, it can conclude that hsa_circ_0000301/hsa-miR-1228-3p/IRF4 may be involved in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. However, the specific mechanism should be further studied and confirmed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08331-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/the First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, P.R. China.
| | - Yan-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.
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9
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Kriston C, Hernádfői M, Plander M, Márk Á, Takács F, Czeti Á, Szalóki G, Szabó O, Matolcsy A, Barna G. Lenalidomide abrogates the survival effect of bone marrow stromal cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hematol Oncol 2021; 39:513-520. [PMID: 34013974 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) the microenvironment plays an important role, as it produces survival signals and mediates drug resistance. Lenalidomide, which has immunomodulatory effect, can enhance the activation of T-, NK-cells and endothelial cells, however there are no data available whether it can modulate bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In our study, we investigated the effects of lenalidomide on BMSCs and CLL cells. CLL cells were cultured alone or with BMSCs and were treated with lenalidomide. Apoptosis, immunophenotype, and cytokine secretion of BMSCs and CLL cells were determined by flow cytometry. Lenalidomide slightly increased the apoptosis of CLL cells and abrogated the anti-apoptotic effect of BMSCs on CLL cells. Lenalidomide treatment decreased the expression of antigens on CLL cells, which mediate the interactions with the microenvironment. Interestingly, lenalidomide enhanced the expression of IRF4 and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. The secretion of several cytokines was not changed significantly by lenalidomide. CD49d-negative CLL cases were more sensitive to lenalidomide treatment. Our results suggest that lenalidomide has a limited effect on BMSCs, but it renders CLL cells more immunogenic and unresponsive to survival signals provided by BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Kriston
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Hernádfői
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Plander
- Department of Hematology, Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Márk
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Takács
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Czeti
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szalóki
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Szabó
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Matolcsy
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Barna
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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IRF4 modulates the response to BCR activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia regulating IKAROS and SYK. Leukemia 2021; 35:1330-1343. [PMID: 33623139 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a transcriptional regulator of immune system development and function. Here, we investigated the role of IRF4 in controlling responsiveness to B-cell receptor (BCR) stimulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We modulated IRF4 levels by transfecting CLL cells with an IRF4 vector or by silencing using small-interfering RNAs. Higher IRF4 levels attenuated BCR signaling by reducing AKT and ERK phosphorylation and calcium release. Conversely, IRF4 reduction improved the strength of the intracellular cascade activated by BCR engagement. Our results also indicated that IRF4 negatively regulates the expression of the spleen tyrosine kinase SYK, a crucial protein for propagation of BCR signaling, and the zinc finger DNA-binding protein IKAROS. We modulated IKAROS protein levels both by genetic manipulation and pharmacologically by treating CLL cells with lenalidomide and avadomide (IMIDs). IKAROS promoted BCR signaling by reducing the expression of inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP1. Lastly, IMIDs induced IRF4 expression, while down-regulating IKAROS and interfered with survival advantage mediated by BCR triggering, also in combination with ibrutinib. Overall, our findings elucidate the mechanism by which IRF4 tunes BCR signaling in CLL cells. Low IRF4 levels allow an efficient transmission of BCR signal throughout the accumulation of SYK and IKAROS.
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11
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Pasqualucci L, Klein U. Mouse Models in the Study of Mature B-Cell Malignancies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a034827. [PMID: 32398289 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, genomic analyses of several B-cell lymphoma entities have identified a large number of genes that are recurrently mutated, suggesting that their aberrant function promotes lymphomagenesis. For many of those genes, the specific role in normal B-cell development is unknown; moreover, whether and how their deregulated activity contributes to lymphoma initiation and/or maintenance is often difficult to determine. Genetically engineered mouse models that faithfully mimic lymphoma-associated genetic alterations represent valuable tools for elucidating the pathogenic roles of candidate oncogenes and tumor suppressors in vivo, as well as for the preclinical testing of novel therapeutic principles in an intact microenvironment. Here we summarize what has been learned about the mechanisms of oncogenic transformation from accurately modeling the most common and well-characterized genetic alterations identified in mature B-cell malignancies. This information is expected to guide the design of improved molecular diagnostics and mechanism-based therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ulf Klein
- Division of Haematology & Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
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12
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Besson C, Moore A, Wu W, Vajdic CM, de Sanjose S, Camp NJ, Smedby KE, Shanafelt TD, Morton LM, Brewer JD, Zablotska L, Engels EA, Cerhan JR, Slager SL, Han J, Berndt SI. Common genetic polymorphisms contribute to the association between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-melanoma skin cancer. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1325-1334. [PMID: 33748835 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive association between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). We hypothesized that shared genetic risk factors between CLL and NMSC could contribute to the association observed between these diseases. METHODS We examined the association between (i) established NMSC susceptibility loci and CLL risk in a meta-analysis including 3100 CLL cases and 7667 controls and (ii) established CLL loci and NMSC risk in a study of 4242 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases, 825 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases and 12802 controls. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for CLL, BCC and SCC were constructed using established loci. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Higher CLL-PRS was associated with increased BCC risk (OR4th-quartile-vs-1st-quartile = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02-1.24, Ptrend = 0.009), even after removing the shared 6p25.3 locus. No association was observed with BCC-PRS and CLL risk (Ptrend = 0.68). These findings support a contributory role for CLL in BCC risk, but not for BCC in CLL risk. Increased CLL risk was observed with higher SCC-PRS (OR4th-quartile-vs-1st-quartile = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08-1.38, Ptrend = 1.36 × 10-5), which was driven by shared genetic susceptibility at the 6p25.3 locus. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the role of pleiotropy regarding the pathogenesis of CLL and NMSC and shows that a single pleiotropic locus, 6p25.3, drives the observed association between genetic susceptibility to SCC and increased CLL risk. The study also provides evidence that genetic susceptibility for CLL increases BCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Besson
- Service d'hématologie et Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Équipe "Exposome et Hérédité", CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Amy Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Claire M Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Nicola J Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tait D Shanafelt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerry D Brewer
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lydia Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Service d'hématologie et Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Équipe "Exposome et Hérédité", CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Yu Y, Cheng L, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Ou C, Wang Q, Gao P, Ma J. Tissue distribution and developmental changes of interferon regulatory factors in chickens and effects of infectious bursal disease virus infection. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104601. [PMID: 33137404 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors that play a role in a variety of biological processes including immune regulation of interferon and expression of inflammatory cytokines. However, the data on IRFs are rather limited in chickens. In the present study, qRT-PCR was used to study the tissue distribution of IRFs in chickens at D15 (the 15th day of raising) and developmental changes of all chIRFs (Chicken interferon regulatory factors) in BF from E15 (the 15th day of incubation) to D15. The effects of IBDV infection with chickens on the transcriptional level of chIRFs were also investigated. The results showed: (1) chIRF1 mRNA was expressed much more abundantly in intestinal tract, chIRF2, chIRF6, chIRF7, chIRF8 and chIRF10 distributed mainly in liver or/and kidney. The expression of chIRF5 was mainly in spleen and chIRF4 distributed uniquely abundantly in BF. (2) The mRNA expression levels of chIRF5, chIRF7, chIRF8 and chIRF10 was low before hatching of chicken and at D1 and increased significantly from D5 till to the experiment end and the fold change of chIRF5 at D10 and chIRF7 at D5 reached 41.0-fold and 15.7-fold compared to that of E15, respectively (P < 0.05). ChIRF4 mRNA level was always high during the whole experiment except for E15 and it was 11.9-fold at the highest time point than that of E15 (the lowest time point). (3) When chicken was infected with IBDV, the expression levels of chIRF2, chIRF7 and chIRF10 mRNA had the tendency of increasing first and then decreasing but they peaked at 1dpi, 2 dpi, and 3dpi, respectively. The expression of chIRF5 mRNA was suppressed obviously during the whole experiment stage in IBDV-infected chicken. And chIRF4 expression was up-regulated transitorily at 1dpi and then was suppressed on a very low level till to the experiment end. Conclusion: The chIRFs were constitutively expressed in different tissues examined and has tissue-specific expression. Of them, chIRF2, chIRF4, chIRF5, chIRF7, chIRF8 and chIRF10 were related closely with the development or immune response of BF, and when chicken was infected with IBDV, some of them were activated, earlier or later on, some of them were suppressed. These findings would help to sieve out a few antiviral chIRF candidate gene to improve the host's innate immune and provide a foundation of the further exploiting a new vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Lingling Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Changbo Ou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Pei Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jinyou Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
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14
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Feed-forward regulatory loop driven by IRF4 and NF-κB in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Blood 2020; 135:934-947. [PMID: 31972002 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a highly aggressive hematological malignancy derived from mature CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Here, we demonstrate the transcriptional regulatory network driven by 2 oncogenic transcription factors, IRF4 and NF-κB, in ATL cells. Gene expression profiling of primary ATL samples demonstrated that the IRF4 gene was more highly expressed in ATL cells than in normal T cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis revealed that IRF4-bound regions were more frequently found in super-enhancers than in typical enhancers. NF-κB was found to co-occupy IRF4-bound regulatory elements and formed a coherent feed-forward loop to coordinately regulate genes involved in T-cell functions and development. Importantly, IRF4 and NF-κB regulated several cancer genes associated with super-enhancers in ATL cells, including MYC, CCR4, and BIRC3. Genetic inhibition of BIRC3 induced growth inhibition in ATL cells, implicating its role as a critical effector molecule downstream of the IRF4-NF-κB transcriptional network.
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15
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B-cell-specific IRF4 deletion accelerates chronic lymphocytic leukemia development by enhanced tumor immune evasion. Blood 2020; 134:1717-1729. [PMID: 31537531 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogenous disease that is highly dependent on a cross talk of CLL cells with the microenvironment, in particular with T cells. T cells derived from CLL patients or murine CLL models are skewed to an antigen-experienced T-cell subset, indicating a certain degree of antitumor recognition, but they are also exhausted, preventing an effective antitumor immune response. Here we describe a novel mechanism of CLL tumor immune evasion that is independent of T-cell exhaustion, using B-cell-specific deletion of the transcription factor IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor 4) in Tcl-1 transgenic mice developing a murine CLL highly similar to the human disease. We show enhanced CLL disease progression in IRF4-deficient Tcl-1 tg mice, associated with a severe downregulation of genes involved in T-cell activation, including genes involved in antigen processing/presentation and T-cell costimulation, which massively reduced T-cell subset skewing and exhaustion. We found a strong analogy in the human disease, with inferior prognosis of CLL patients with low IRF4 expression in independent CLL patient cohorts, failed T-cell skewing to antigen-experienced subsets, decreased costimulation capacity, and downregulation of genes involved in T-cell activation. These results have therapeutic relevance because our findings on molecular mechanisms of immune privilege may be responsible for the failure of immune-therapeutic strategies in CLL and may lead to improved targeting in the future.
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16
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Lee J, Zhang J, Chung YJ, Kim JH, Kook CM, González-Navajas JM, Herdman DS, Nürnberg B, Insel PA, Corr M, Mo JH, Tao A, Yasuda K, Rifkin IR, Broide DH, Sciammas R, Webster NJG, Raz E. Inhibition of IRF4 in dendritic cells by PRR-independent and -dependent signals inhibit Th2 and promote Th17 responses. eLife 2020; 9:e49416. [PMID: 32014112 PMCID: PMC7000221 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is involved in many biological processes but little is known regarding its role in shaping immunity. Here we show that cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling (a pattern recognition receptor [PRR]-independent mechanism) regulates conventional type-2 Dendritic Cells (cDC2s) in mice and reprograms their Th17-inducing properties via repression of IRF4 and KLF4, transcription factors essential for cDC2-mediated Th2 induction. In mice, genetic loss of IRF4 phenocopies the effects of cAMP on Th17 induction and restoration of IRF4 prevents the cAMP effect. Moreover, curdlan, a PRR-dependent microbial product, activates CREB and represses IRF4 and KLF4, resulting in a pro-Th17 phenotype of cDC2s. These in vitro and in vivo results define a novel signaling pathway by which cDC2s display plasticity and provide a new molecular basis for the classification of novel cDC2 and cDC17 subsets. The findings also reveal that repressing IRF4 and KLF4 pathway can be harnessed for immuno-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyung Lee
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (GMU), The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyGuangzhouChina
- Center for Immunology, Inflammation and Immune-mediated disease, GMUGuangzhouChina
| | - Young-Jun Chung
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryDankook University College of MedicineChungnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwan Kim
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Chae Min Kook
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - José M González-Navajas
- Center for Immunology, Inflammation and Immune-mediated disease, GMUGuangzhouChina
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL - FISABIO)AlicanteSpain
- Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd)Institute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - David S Herdman
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Paul A Insel
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryDankook University College of MedicineChungnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Ailin Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (GMU), The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyGuangzhouChina
- Center for Immunology, Inflammation and Immune-mediated disease, GMUGuangzhouChina
| | - Kei Yasuda
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Ian R Rifkin
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonUnited States
| | - David H Broide
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Roger Sciammas
- Center for Comparative MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Nicholas JG Webster
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Eyal Raz
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Center for Immunology, Inflammation and Immune-mediated disease, GMUGuangzhouChina
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17
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Increased IRF4 expression in isolated B cells from common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:52-59. [PMID: 30503671 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by low serum levels of immunoglobulins (Igs) and recurrent infection. In most CVID patients, a defect in the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells has been observed. Several factors play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, including IRF4 and XBP1 transcription factors. METHODS In the present study we investigated the expression of IRF4 and XBP1 in the B-cells of CVID and healthy controls (HCs). For this purpose, we assessed the expression of IRF4 and XBP1 at both mRNA and protein levels by real time-PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS We found that IRF4 expression was significantly increased in CVID patients compared with controls. Although the XBP1 protein level was lower in patients in comparison to controls, this difference was not significant. CONCLUSION Taken together, increased IRF4 expression could be involved in defective functions of B cells in CVID patients.
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18
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McMaster ML, Berndt SI, Zhang J, Slager SL, Li SA, Vajdic CM, Smedby KE, Yan H, Birmann BM, Brown EE, Smith A, Kleinstern G, Fansler MM, Mayr C, Zhu B, Chung CC, Park JH, Burdette L, Hicks BD, Hutchinson A, Teras LR, Adami HO, Bracci PM, McKay J, Monnereau A, Link BK, Vermeulen RCH, Ansell SM, Maria A, Diver WR, Melbye M, Ojesina AI, Kraft P, Boffetta P, Clavel J, Giovannucci E, Besson CM, Canzian F, Travis RC, Vineis P, Weiderpass E, Montalvan R, Wang Z, Yeager M, Becker N, Benavente Y, Brennan P, Foretova L, Maynadie M, Nieters A, de Sanjose S, Staines A, Conde L, Riby J, Glimelius B, Hjalgrim H, Pradhan N, Feldman AL, Novak AJ, Lawrence C, Bassig BA, Lan Q, Zheng T, North KE, Tinker LF, Cozen W, Severson RK, Hofmann JN, Zhang Y, Jackson RD, Morton LM, Purdue MP, Chatterjee N, Offit K, Cerhan JR, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Vijai J, Goldin LR, Skibola CF, Caporaso NE. Two high-risk susceptibility loci at 6p25.3 and 14q32.13 for Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4182. [PMID: 30305637 PMCID: PMC6180091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM)/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a rare, chronic B-cell lymphoma with high heritability. We conduct a two-stage genome-wide association study of WM/LPL in 530 unrelated cases and 4362 controls of European ancestry and identify two high-risk loci associated with WM/LPL at 6p25.3 (rs116446171, near EXOC2 and IRF4; OR = 21.14, 95% CI: 14.40-31.03, P = 1.36 × 10-54) and 14q32.13 (rs117410836, near TCL1; OR = 4.90, 95% CI: 3.45-6.96, P = 8.75 × 10-19). Both risk alleles are observed at a low frequency among controls (~2-3%) and occur in excess in affected cases within families. In silico data suggest that rs116446171 may have functional importance, and in functional studies, we demonstrate increased reporter transcription and proliferation in cells transduced with the 6p25.3 risk allele. Although further studies are needed to fully elucidate underlying biological mechanisms, together these loci explain 4% of the familial risk and provide insights into genetic susceptibility to this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Shengchao Alfred Li
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Claire M Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
- Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Huihuang Yan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Alex Smith
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Geffen Kleinstern
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Mervin M Fansler
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate College, New York, 10021, NY, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Christine Mayr
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Ju-Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, 30303, GA, USA
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Institute of Health and Society, Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94118, CA, USA
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, Inserm, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris, F-94807, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
- Registry of Hematological Malignancies in Gironde, Institut Bergonié, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Team EPICENE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Brian K Link
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, IA, USA
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TD, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen M Ansell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Ann Maria
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, 30303, GA, USA
| | - Mads Melbye
- Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Akinyemi I Ojesina
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, Inserm, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris, F-94807, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Besson
- Service d'hématologie et Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, Inserm U1018, Centre pour la Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Villejuif, 78157, France
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9019, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, 0379, Norway
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
| | | | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Nikolaus Becker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU, Brno, 65653, Czech Republic
| | - Marc Maynadie
- EA 4184, Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de Côte d'Or, University of Burgundy and Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, 21070, France
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, 79108, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Lucia Conde
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jacques Riby
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75105, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Nisha Pradhan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Andrew L Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Anne J Novak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | | | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, 02903, RI, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98117, WA, USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Richard K Severson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
- Ontario Health Study, Toronto, M5S 1C6, ON, Canada
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Christine F Skibola
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
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Shukla V, Shukla A, Joshi SS, Lu R. Interferon regulatory factor 4 attenuates Notch signaling to suppress the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41081-41094. [PMID: 27232759 PMCID: PMC5173044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular pathogenesis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is not fully elucidated. Genome wide association studies have linked Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4) to the development of CLL. We recently established a causal relationship between low levels of IRF4 and development of CLL. However, the molecular mechanism through which IRF4 suppresses CLL development remains unclear. Deregulation of Notch signaling pathway has been identified as one of the most recurrent molecular anomalies in the pathogenesis of CLL. Yet, the role of Notch signaling as well as its regulation during CLL development remains poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that IRF4 deficient mice expressing immunoglobulin heavy chain Vh11 (IRF4−/−Vh11) developed spontaneous CLL with complete penetrance. In this study, we show that elevated Notch2 expression and the resulting hyperactivation of Notch signaling are common features of IRF4−/−Vh11 CLL cells. Our studies further reveal that Notch signaling is indispensable for CLL development in the IRF4−/−Vh11 mice. Moreover, we identify E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4, which targets Notch for degradation, as a direct target of IRF4 in CLL cells and their precursors. Collectively, our studies provide the first in vivo evidence for an essential role of Notch signaling in the development of CLL and establish IRF4 as a critical regulator of Notch signaling during CLL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Shukla
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ashima Shukla
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shantaram S Joshi
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Runqing Lu
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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20
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Progenitor B-1 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with collaborative mutations in 3 critical pathways. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1749-1759. [PMID: 29296821 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017009837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-1 and B-2 lymphocytes are derived from distinct developmental pathways and represent layered arms of the innate and adaptive immune systems, respectively. In contrast to a majority of murine B-cell malignancies, which stain positive with the B220 antibody, we discovered a novel form of B-cell leukemia in NUP98-PHF23 (NP23) transgenic mice. The immunophenotype (Lin- B220- CD19+ AA4.1+) was identical to that of progenitor (pro) B-1 cells, and VH gene usage was skewed toward 3' V regions, similar to murine fetal liver B cells. Moreover, the gene expression profile of these leukemias was most similar to that of fetal liver pro-B fraction BC, a known source of B-1 B cells, further supporting a pro-B-1 origin of these leukemias. The NP23 pro-B-1 acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) acquired spontaneous mutations in both Bcor and Janus kinase (Jak) pathway (Jak1/2/3 and Stat5a) genes, supporting a hypothesis that mutations in 3 critical pathways (stem-cell self-renewal, B-cell differentiation, and cytokine signaling) collaborate to induce B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL. Finally, the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (Tslp) cytokine is required for murine B-1 development, and chromosomal rearrangements resulting in overexpression of the TSLP receptor (CRLF2) are present in some patients with high-risk BCP-ALL (referred to as CRLF2r ALL). Gene expression profiles of NP23 pro-B-1 ALL were more similar to that of CRLF2r ALL than non-CRLF2r ALL, and analysis of VH gene usage from patients with CRLF2r ALL demonstrated preferential usage of VH regions used by human B-1 B cells, leading to the suggestion that this subset of patients with BCP-ALL has a malignancy of B-1, rather than B-2, B-cell origin.
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21
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Ghamlouch H, Nguyen-Khac F, Bernard OA. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia genomics and the precision medicine era. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:852-870. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ghamlouch
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1170; Villejuif France
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
- Université Paris Saclay; Paris France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer; Paris France
| | - Florence Nguyen-Khac
- INSERM U1138; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Service d'Hématologie Biologique; Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; APHP; Paris France
| | - Olivier A. Bernard
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1170; Villejuif France
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
- Université Paris Saclay; Paris France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer; Paris France
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22
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Kipps TJ, Stevenson FK, Wu CJ, Croce CM, Packham G, Wierda WG, O'Brien S, Gribben J, Rai K. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017; 3:16096. [PMID: 28102226 PMCID: PMC5336551 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a malignancy of CD5+ B cells that is characterized by the accumulation of small, mature-appearing lymphocytes in the blood, marrow and lymphoid tissues. Signalling via surface immunoglobulin, which constitutes the major part of the B cell receptor, and several genetic alterations play a part in CLL pathogenesis, in addition to interactions between CLL cells and other cell types, such as stromal cells, T cells and nurse-like cells in the lymph nodes. The clinical progression of CLL is heterogeneous and ranges from patients who require treatment soon after diagnosis to others who do not require therapy for many years, if at all. Several factors, including the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region gene (IGHV) mutational status, genomic changes, patient age and the presence of comorbidities, should be considered when defining the optimal management strategies, which include chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy and/or drugs targeting B cell receptor signalling or inhibitors of apoptosis, such as BCL-2. Research on the biology of CLL has profoundly enhanced our ability to identify patients who are at higher risk for disease progression and our capacity to treat patients with drugs that selectively target distinctive phenotypic or physiological features of CLL. How these and other advances have shaped our current understanding and treatment of patients with CLL is the subject of this Primer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Kipps
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Centre, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive M/C 0820, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Freda K Stevenson
- Southampton Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Graham Packham
- Southampton Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - John Gribben
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kanti Rai
- CLL Research and Treatment Program, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
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23
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Patten CL, Cutucache CE. Murine Models of Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: A Role for Cav1? Front Oncol 2016; 6:258. [PMID: 28018857 PMCID: PMC5155011 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dozens of murine models of indolent and aggressive B-cell lymphomas have been generated to date. These include those manifesting chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), as well as xenografts of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). These models have led to an improved understanding of disease etiology, B-cell biology, immunomodulation, and the importance of the tumor microenvironment. Despite these efforts in CLL, DLBCL, and MCL, considerably little progress toward a model of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) has been accomplished. Herein, we describe the similarities and differences between CLL, MCL, and SMZL and highlight effective murine models that mimic disease in the two former, in hopes of informing a potential model of the latter. At the time of writing this review, the precise molecular events of SMZL remain to be determined and a treatment regimen remains to be identified. Therefore, based on the efforts put forth in the B-cell lymphoma field throughout the past three decades, the established role of caveolin-1 in B- and T-cell biology as an oncogene or tumor suppressor, and the recurrent deletion or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 7q in many cancers, we make recommendations for a murine model of SMZL.
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24
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Valdora F, Cutrona G, Matis S, Morabito F, Massucco C, Emionite L, Boccardo S, Basso L, Recchia AG, Salvi S, Rosa F, Gentile M, Ravina M, Pace D, Castronovo A, Cilli M, Truini M, Calabrese M, Neri A, Neumaier CE, Fais F, Baio G, Ferrarini M. A non-invasive approach to monitor chronic lymphocytic leukemia engraftment in a xenograft mouse model using ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide-magnetic resonance imaging (USPIO-MRI). Clin Immunol 2016; 172:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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25
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Pang SHM, Minnich M, Gangatirkar P, Zheng Z, Ebert A, Song G, Dickins RA, Corcoran LM, Mullighan CG, Busslinger M, Huntington ND, Nutt SL, Carotta S. PU.1 cooperates with IRF4 and IRF8 to suppress pre-B-cell leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 30:1375-87. [PMID: 26932576 PMCID: PMC5179358 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Ets family transcription factor PU.1 and the interferon regulatory factor (IRF)4 and IRF8 regulate gene expression by binding to composite DNA sequences known as Ets/interferon consensus elements. Although all three factors are expressed from the onset of B-cell development, single deficiency of these factors in B-cell progenitors only mildly impacts on bone marrow B lymphopoiesis. Here we tested whether PU.1 cooperates with IRF factors in regulating early B-cell development. Lack of PU.1 and IRF4 resulted in a partial block in development the pre-B-cell stage. The combined deletion of PU.1 and IRF8 reduced recirculating B-cell numbers. Strikingly, all PU.1/IRF4 and ~50% of PU.1/IRF8 double deficient mice developed pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) associated with reduced expression of the established B-lineage tumor suppressor genes, Ikaros and Spi-B. These genes are directly regulated by PU.1/IRF4/IRF8, and restoration of Ikaros or Spi-B expression inhibited leukemic cell growth. In summary, we demonstrate that PU.1, IRF4 and IRF8 cooperate to regulate early B-cell development and to prevent pre-B-ALL formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Heng Milon Pang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Martina Minnich
- The Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pradnya Gangatirkar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Zhiqiang Zheng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anja Ebert
- The Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Ross A Dickins
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lynn M Corcoran
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- The Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sebastian Carotta
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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26
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Haney SL, Upchurch GM, Opavska J, Klinkebiel D, Hlady RA, Suresh A, Pirruccello SJ, Shukla V, Lu R, Costinean S, Rizzino A, Karpf AR, Joshi S, Swanson P, Opavsky R. Promoter Hypomethylation and Expression Is Conserved in Mouse Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Induced by Decreased or Inactivated Dnmt3a. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1190-201. [PMID: 27134162 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3A) catalyzes the formation of 5-methyl-cytosine in mammalian genomic DNA, and it is frequently mutated in human hematologic malignancies. Bi-allelic loss of Dnmt3a in mice results in leukemia and lymphoma, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we investigate whether mono-allelic loss of Dnmt3a is sufficient to induce disease. We show that, by 16 months of age, 65% of Dnmt3a(+/-) mice develop a CLL-like disease, and 15% of mice develop non-malignant myeloproliferation. Genome-wide methylation analysis reveals that reduced Dnmt3a levels induce promoter hypomethylation at similar loci in Dnmt3a(+/-) and Dnmt3a(Δ/Δ) CLL, suggesting that promoters are particularly sensitive to Dnmt3a levels. Gene expression analysis identified 26 hypomethylated and overexpressed genes common to both Dnmt3a(+/-) and Dnmt3a(Δ/Δ) CLL as putative oncogenic drivers. Our data provide evidence that Dnmt3a is a haplo-insufficient tumor suppressor in CLL and highlights the importance of deregulated molecular events in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci L Haney
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - G Michael Upchurch
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jana Opavska
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - David Klinkebiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ryan A Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Abhinav Suresh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Samuel J Pirruccello
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Center for Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vipul Shukla
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Runqing Lu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Stefan Costinean
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Angie Rizzino
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shantaram Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Center for Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Patrick Swanson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68102, USA
| | - Rene Opavsky
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Center for Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Recent investigations have provided an increasingly complete picture of the genetic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). These analyses revealed that the CLL genome displays a high degree of heterogeneity between patients and within the same patient. In addition, they highlighted molecular mechanisms and functionally relevant biological programmes that may be important for the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of this disease. This Review focuses on recent insights into the understanding of CLL biology, with emphasis on the role of genetic lesions in the initiation and clinical progression of CLL. We also consider the translation of these findings into the development of risk-adapted and targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fabbri
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Riccardo Dalla-Favera
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and New York, New York 10032, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Development and Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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28
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Herman SEM, Wiestner A. Preclinical modeling of novel therapeutics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the tools of the trade. Semin Oncol 2016; 43:222-32. [PMID: 27040700 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade our understanding of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) biology and pathogenesis has increased substantially. These insights have led to the development of several new agents with novel mechanisms of action prompting a change in therapeutic approaches from chemotherapy-based treatments to targeted therapies. Multiple preclinical models for drug development in CLL are available; however, with the advent of these targeted agents, it is becoming clear that not all models and surrogate readouts of efficacy are appropriate for all drugs. In this review we discuss in vitro and in vivo preclinical models, with a particular focus on the benefits and possible pitfalls of different model systems in the evaluation of novel therapeutics for the treatment of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E M Herman
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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29
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Sprouty 2: a novel attenuator of B-cell receptor and MAPK-Erk signaling in CLL. Blood 2016; 127:2310-21. [PMID: 26809508 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-669317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical heterogeneity is a major barrier to effective treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Emerging evidence suggests that constitutive activation of various signaling pathways like mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-Erk) signaling plays a role in the heterogeneous clinical outcome of CLL patients. In this study, we have investigated the role of Sprouty (SPRY)2 as a negative regulator of receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinase signaling in the pathogenesis of CLL. We show that SPRY2 expression is significantly decreased in CLL cells, particularly from poor-prognosis patients compared with those from good-prognosis patients. Overexpression of SPRY2 in CLL cells from poor-prognosis patients increased their apoptosis. Conversely, downregulation of SPRY2 in CLL cells from good-prognosis patients resulted in increased proliferation. Furthermore, CLL cells with low SPRY2 expression grew more rapidly in a xenograft model of CLL. Strikingly, B-cell-specific transgenic overexpression of spry2 in mice led to a decrease in the frequency of B1 cells, the precursors of CLL cells in rodents. Mechanistically, we show that SPRY2 attenuates the B-cell receptor (BCR) and MAPK-Erk signaling by binding to and antagonizing the activities of RAF1, BRAF, and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) in normal B cells and CLL cells. We also show that SPRY2 is targeted by microRNA-21, which in turn leads to increased activity of Syk and Erk in CLL cells. Taken together, these results establish SPRY2 as a critical negative regulator of BCR-mediated MAPK-Erk signaling in CLL, thereby providing one of the molecular mechanisms to explain the clinical heterogeneity of CLL.
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30
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Significantly higher numbers of proB cells in healthy Caucasians compared to Asians: Is there association with incidence of CLL? Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 57:118-9. [PMID: 26684742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Hernandez-Caballero A, Arellano-Llamas AA, Cruz-Rico J, Ojeda JV, Tuna-Aguilar E, Aguayo-Gonzalez A, Oropeza-Martinez MP, Montiel-Cervantes LA, Anaya LS, Canizales-Quinteros S, Majluf-Cruz AS. Genetic susceptibility variants for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in Mexican mestizos. Br J Haematol 2014; 169:909-11. [PMID: 25522770 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Cruz-Rico
- UMAE Centro Medico La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Vela Ojeda
- UMAE Centro Medico La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Tuna-Aguilar
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Aguayo-Gonzalez
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Luis Solis Anaya
- Hospital General Regional Carlos MacGregor, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abraham Salvador Majluf-Cruz
- Hospital General Regional Carlos MacGregor, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogenesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México.
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32
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Abstract
Mouse models that recapitulate human malignancy are valuable tools for the elucidation of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and for preclinical studies. Several genetically engineered mouse models have been generated, either mimicking genetic aberrations or deregulated gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The usefulness of such models in the study of the human disease may potentially be hampered by species-specific biological differences in the target cell of the oncogenic transformation. Specifically, do the genetic lesions or the deregulated expression of leukemia-associated genes faithfully recapitulate the spectrum of lymphoproliferations in humans? Do the CLL-like lymphoproliferations in the mouse have the phenotypic, histological, genetic, and clinical features of the human disease? Here we compare the various CLL mouse models with regard to disease phenotype, penetrance, and severity. We discuss similarities and differences of the murine lymphoproliferations compared with human CLL. We propose that the Eμ-TCL1 transgenic and 13q14-deletion models that have been comprehensively studied at the levels of leukemia phenotype, antigen-receptor repertoire, and disease course show close resemblance to the human disease. We conclude that modeling CLL-associated genetic dysregulations in mice can provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and generate valuable tools for the development of novel therapies.
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33
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Abstract
The oncomir microRNA-125b (miR-125b) is upregulated in a variety of human neoplastic blood disorders and constitutive upregulation of miR-125b in mice can promote myeloid and B-cell leukemia. We found that miR-125b promotes myeloid and B-cell neoplasm by inducing tumorigenesis in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Our study demonstrates that miR-125b induces myeloid leukemia by enhancing myeloid progenitor output from stem cells as well as inducing immortality, self-renewal, and tumorigenesis in myeloid progenitors. Through functional and genetic analyses, we demonstrated that miR-125b induces myeloid and B-cell leukemia by inhibiting interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) but through distinct mechanisms; it induces myeloid leukemia through repressing IRF4 at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level without altering the genomic DNA and induces B-cell leukemia via genetic deletion of the gene encoding IRF4.
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34
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Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4) and IRF8 are critical regulators of immune system development and function. In B lymphocytes, IRF4 and IRF8 have been shown to control important events during their development and maturation including pre-B cell differentiation, induction of B cell tolerance pathways, marginal zone B cell development, germinal center reaction and plasma cell differentiation. Mechanistically, IRF4 and IRF8 are found to function redundantly to control certain stages of B cell development, but in other stages, they function nonredundantly to play distinct roles in B cell biology. In line with their essential roles in B cell development, deregulated expressions of IRF4 and IRF8 have been associated to the pathogenesis of several B cell malignancies and diseases. Recent studies have elucidated diverse transcriptional networks regulated by IRF4 and IRF8 at distinct B cell developmental stages and related malignancies. In this review we will discuss the recent advances for the roles of IRF4 and IRF8 during B cell development and associated diseases.
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Chen SS, Chiorazzi N. Murine genetically engineered and human xenograft models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Hematol 2014; 51:188-205. [PMID: 25048783 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a genetically complex disease, with multiple factors having an impact on onset, progression, and response to therapy. Genetic differences/abnormalities have been found in hematopoietic stem cells from patients, as well as in B lymphocytes of individuals with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis who may develop the disease. Furthermore, after the onset of CLL, additional genetic alterations occur over time, often causing disease worsening and altering patient outcomes. Therefore, being able to genetically engineer mouse models that mimic CLL or at least certain aspects of the disease will help us understand disease mechanisms and improve treatments. This notwithstanding, because neither the genetic aberrations responsible for leukemogenesis and progression nor the promoting factors that support these are likely identical in character or influences for all patients, genetically engineered mouse models will only completely mimic CLL when all of these factors are precisely defined. In addition, multiple genetically engineered models may be required because of the heterogeneity in susceptibility genes among patients that can have an effect on genetic and environmental characteristics influencing disease development and outcome. For these reasons, we review the major murine genetically engineered and human xenograft models in use at the present time, aiming to report the advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Shih Chen
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York.
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York; Departments of Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York.
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Pang SHM, Carotta S, Nutt SL. Transcriptional control of pre-B cell development and leukemia prevention. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 381:189-213. [PMID: 24831348 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of early B cell progenitors is controlled by multiple transcriptional regulators and growth-factor receptors. The triad of DNA-binding proteins, E2A, EBF1, and PAX5 is critical for both the early specification and commitment of B cell progenitors, while a larger number of secondary determinants, such as members of the Ikaros, ETS, Runx, and IRF families have more direct roles in promoting stage-specific pre-B gene-expression program. Importantly, it is now apparent that mutations in many of these transcription factors are associated with the progression to acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In this review, we focus on recent studies that have shed light on the transcriptional hierarchy that controls efficient B cell commitment and differentiation as well as focus on the oncogenic consequences of the loss of many of the same factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Heng Milon Pang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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Simonetti G, Carette A, Silva K, Wang H, De Silva NS, Heise N, Siebel CW, Shlomchik MJ, Klein U. IRF4 controls the positioning of mature B cells in the lymphoid microenvironments by regulating NOTCH2 expression and activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2887-902. [PMID: 24323359 PMCID: PMC3865479 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor IRF4 limits the retention of B cells in the marginal zone by inhibiting NOTCH2 signaling. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4) is expressed in B cells at most developmental stages. In antigen-activated B cells, IRF4 controls germinal center formation, class-switch recombination, and the generation of plasma cells. Here we describe a novel function for IRF4 in the homeostasis of mature B cells. Inducible deletion of irf4 specifically in B cells in vivo led to the aberrant accumulation of irf4-deleted follicular B cells in the marginal zone (MZ) area. IRF4-deficient B cells showed elevated protein expression and activation of NOTCH2, a transmembrane receptor and transcriptional regulator known to be required for MZ B cell development. Administration of a NOTCH2-inhibitory antibody abolished nuclear translocation of NOTCH2 in B cells within 12 h and caused a rapid and progressive disintegration of the MZ that was virtually complete 48 h after injection. The disappearance of the MZ was accompanied by a transient increase of MZ-like B cells in the blood rather than increased B cell apoptosis, demonstrating that continued NOTCH2 activation is critical for the retention of B cells in the MZ. Our results suggest that IRF4 controls the positioning of mature B cells in the lymphoid microenvironments by regulating NOTCH2 expression. These findings may have implications for the understanding of B cell malignancies with dysregulated IRF4 and NOTCH2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Simonetti
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2 Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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Pathak S, Ma S, Shukla V, Lu R. A role for IRF8 in B cell anergy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:6222-30. [PMID: 24218455 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
B cell central tolerance is a process through which self-reactive B cells are removed from the B cell repertoire. Self-reactive B cells are generally removed by receptor editing in the bone marrow and by anergy induction in the periphery. IRF8 is a critical transcriptional regulator of immune system development and function. A recent study showed that marginal zone B cell and B1 B cell populations are dramatically increased in IRF8-deficient mice, indicating that there are B cell-developmental defects in the absence of IRF8. In this article, we report that mice deficient for IRF8 produced anti-dsDNA Abs. Using a hen egg lysozyme double-transgenic model, we further demonstrate that B cell anergy was breached in IRF8-deficient mice. Although anergic B cells in the IRF8-proficient background were blocked at the transitional stage of development, anergic B cells in the IRF8-deficient background were able to mature further, which allowed them to regain responses to Ag stimulation. Interestingly, our results show that IRF8-deficient B cells were more sensitive to Ag stimulation and were resistant to Ag-induced cell death. Moreover, our results show that IRF8 was expressed at a high level in the anergic B cells, and an elevated level of IRF8 promoted apoptosis in the transitional B cells. Thus, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized function of IRF8 in B cell anergy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simanta Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
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