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Myers G, Sun Y, Wang Y, Benmhammed H, Cui S. Roles of Nuclear Orphan Receptors TR2 and TR4 during Hematopoiesis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:563. [PMID: 38790192 PMCID: PMC11121135 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
TR2 and TR4 (NR2C1 and NR2C2, respectively) are evolutionarily conserved nuclear orphan receptors capable of binding direct repeat sequences in a stage-specific manner. Like other nuclear receptors, TR2 and TR4 possess important roles in transcriptional activation or repression with developmental stage and tissue specificity. TR2 and TR4 bind DNA and possess the ability to complex with available cofactors mediating developmental stage-specific actions in primitive and definitive erythrocytes. In erythropoiesis, TR2 and TR4 are required for erythroid development, maturation, and key erythroid transcription factor regulation. TR2 and TR4 recruit and interact with transcriptional corepressors or coactivators to elicit developmental stage-specific gene regulation during hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greggory Myers
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (G.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanan Sun
- Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (G.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hajar Benmhammed
- Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Shuaiying Cui
- Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.S.); (H.B.)
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2
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Down-regulation of the transcriptional repressor ZNF802 (JAZF1) reactivates fetal hemoglobin in β 0-thalassemia/HbE. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4952. [PMID: 35322124 PMCID: PMC8943019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivating of fetal hemoglobin (HbF; α2γ2) can ameliorate the severity of β-thalassemia disease by compensating for adult hemoglobin deficiency in patients. Previously, microarray analysis revealed that zinc finger protein (ZNF)802 (also known as Juxta-posed with another zinc finger gene-1 (JAZF1)) was upregulated in human erythroblasts derived from adult peripheral blood compared with fetal liver-derived cells, implying a potential role as a HbF repressor. However, deficiency in ZNF802 induced by lentiviral shRNA in β0-thalassemia/hemoglobinE erythroblasts had no effect on erythroblast proliferation and differentiation. Remarkably, the induction of HBG expression was observed at the transcriptional and translational levels resulting in an increase of HbF to 35.0 ± 3.5%. Interestingly, the embryonic globin transcripts were also upregulated but the translation of embryonic globin was not detected. These results suggest ZNF802 might be a transcriptional repressor of the γ-globin gene in adult erythroid cells.
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3
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Role of Nuclear Receptors in Controlling Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052800. [PMID: 35269942 PMCID: PMC8911257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs), are a wide family of ligand-regulated transcription factors sharing a common modular structure composed by an N-terminal domain and a ligand-binding domain connected by a short hinge linker to a DNA-binding domain. NRs are involved in many physiological processes, including metabolism, reproduction and development. Most of them respond to small lipophilic ligands, such as steroids, retinoids, and phospholipids, which act as conformational switches. Some NRs are still "orphan" and the search for their ligands is still ongoing. Upon DNA binding, NRs can act both as transcriptional activators or repressors of their target genes. Theoretically, the possibility to modulate NRs activity with small molecules makes them ideal therapeutic targets, although the complexity of their signaling makes drug design challenging. In this review, we discuss the role of NRs in erythropoiesis, in both homeostatic and stress conditions. This knowledge is important in view of modulating red blood cells production in disease conditions, such as anemias, and for the expansion of erythroid cells in culture for research purposes and for reaching the long-term goal of cultured blood for transfusion.
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4
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Sun Y, Habara A, Le CQ, Nguyen N, Chen R, Murphy GJ, Chui DHK, Steinberg MH, Cui S. Pharmacologic induction of PGC-1α stimulates fetal haemoglobin gene expression. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:97-109. [PMID: 35118652 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that affects millions around the world. Enhancement of fetal γ-globin levels and fetal haemoglobin (HbF) production in SCD patients leads to diminished severity of many clinical features of the disease. We recently identified the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α as a new protein involved in the regulation of the globin genes. Here, we report that upregulation of PGC-1α by infection with a lentivirus expressing PGC-1α or by the small-molecule PGC-1α agonist ZLN005 in human primary erythroid progenitor CD34+ cells induces both fetal γ-globin mRNA and protein expression as well as the percentage of HbF-positive cell (F cells) without significantly affecting cell proliferation and differentiation. We further found that the combination of ZLN005 and hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) exhibited an additive effect on the expression of γ-globin and the generation of F cells from cultured CD34+ cells. In addition, ZLN005 induced robust expression of the murine embryonic βh1-globin gene and to a lesser extent, human γ-globin gene expression in sickle mice. These findings suggest that activation of PGC-1α by ZLN005 might provide a new path for modulating HbF levels with potential therapeutic benefit in β-hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alawi Habara
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cuong Quang Le
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Nguyen
- Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymon Chen
- Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George J Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David H K Chui
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin H Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuaiying Cui
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Okeke C, Silas U, Nnodu O, Clementina O. HSC and miRNA Regulation with Implication for Foetal Haemoglobin Induction in Beta Haemoglobinopathies. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:339-347. [PMID: 35189805 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220221104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common haemoglobinopathies worldwide, with up to 70 % of global SCD annual births occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Reports have shown that 50 to 80 % of affected children in these countries die annually. Efforts geared towards understanding and controlling HbF production in SCD patients could lead to strategies for effective control of globin gene expression and therapeutic approaches that could be beneficial to individuals with haemoglobinopathies. Hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by a specific miRNA signature in every state of differentiation. The role of miRNAs has become evident both in the maintenance of the "stemness" and in the early induction of differentiation by modulation of the expression of the master pluripotency genes and during early organogenesis. miRNAs are extra regulatory mechanisms in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) via influencing transcription profiles together with transcript stability. miRNAs have been reported to be used to reprogram primary somatic cells toward pluripotency. Their involvement in cell editing holds the potential for therapy for many genetic diseases. This review provides a snapshot of miRNA involvement in cell fate decisions, haemoglobin induction pathway, and their journey as some emerge prime targets for therapy in beta haemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinwe Okeke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ufele Silas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Obiageli Nnodu
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja Nigeria
| | - Odoh Clementina
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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6
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Barbarani G, Labedz A, Stucchi S, Abbiati A, Ronchi AE. Physiological and Aberrant γ-Globin Transcription During Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640060. [PMID: 33869190 PMCID: PMC8047207 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the fetal Gγ- and Aγ-globin genes in normal development is confined to the fetal period, where two γ-globin chains assemble with two α-globin chains to form α2γ2 tetramers (HbF). HbF sustains oxygen delivery to tissues until birth, when β-globin replaces γ-globin, leading to the formation of α2β2 tetramers (HbA). However, in different benign and pathological conditions, HbF is expressed in adult cells, as it happens in the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, in anemias and in some leukemias. The molecular basis of γ-globin differential expression in the fetus and of its inappropriate activation in adult cells is largely unknown, although in recent years, a few transcription factors involved in this process have been identified. The recent discovery that fetal cells can persist to adulthood and contribute to disease raises the possibility that postnatal γ-globin expression could, in some cases, represent the signature of the fetal cellular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Barbarani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Agata Labedz
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Sarah Stucchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Abbiati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella E Ronchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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7
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Eltaweel NH, ElKamah GY, Khairat R, Atia HAE, Amr KS. Epigenetic effects toward new insights as potential therapeutic target in B-thalassemia. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:51. [PMID: 33788050 PMCID: PMC8012446 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction has shown promise for the treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies. HbF induction in β-thalassemia could overcome ineffective hematopoiesis and thus terminate transfusion dependency for formerly transfusion dependant patients. Several miRNAs have been found to reactivate γ-globin expression and increase HbF. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of 4 miRNAs (miR-15a, miR-16-1, miR-96, and miR-486-3p) in high HbF thalassemia patients and correlate their levels with the patients’ HbF levels then, in order to predict the exact role of the studied miRNAs in hematopoiesis, a bioinformatic analysis was carried out. We went through this bioinformatic analysis to determine the network of genes regulated by miRNAs and further investigate the interaction between all of them through their involvement in hematopoiesis. In this study, the differential expression was measured by qRT-PCR for 40 patients with high HbF and compared to 20 healthy controls. Bioinformatics was conducted involving functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses. Results The studied microRNAs were significantly deregulated in thalassemia patients in correlation with HbF. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses revealed a major role of miR-486-3p and miR-15a in HbF induction. Conclusion MiR-486-3p and miR-15a are crucial for HbF induction. Further validating studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Hamdy Eltaweel
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human genetics and genome project Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ghada Youssef ElKamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human genetics and genome project Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab Khairat
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human genetics and genome project Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanan Abd Elmawgoud Atia
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalda S Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human genetics and genome project Division, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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8
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Fugazza C, Barbarani G, Elangovan S, Marini MG, Giolitto S, Font-Monclus I, Marongiu MF, Manunza L, Strouboulis J, Cantù C, Gasparri F, Barabino SML, Nakamura Y, Ottolenghi S, Moi P, Ronchi AE. The Coup-TFII orphan nuclear receptor is an activator of the γ-globin gene. Haematologica 2021; 106:474-482. [PMID: 32107331 PMCID: PMC7849756 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.241224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human fetal γ-globin gene is repressed in adulthood through complex regulatory mechanisms involving transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers. Reversing γ-globin repression, or maintaining its expression by manipulating regulatory mechanisms, has become a major clinical goal in the treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies. Here we identify the orphan nuclear receptor Coup-TFII (NR2F2/ARP- 1) as an embryonic/fetal stage activator of γ-globin expression. We show that Coup-TFII is expressed in early erythropoiesis of yolk sac origin, together with embryonic/fetal globins. When overexpressed in adult cells (including peripheral blood cells from human healthy donors and β039 thalassemic patients) Coup-TFII activates the embryonic/fetal globin genes, overcoming the repression imposed by the adult erythroid environment. Conversely, the knockout of Coup-TFII increases the β/γ+β globin ratio. Molecular analysis indicates that Coup-TFII binds in vivo to the β-locus and contributes to its three-dimensional conformation. Overall, our data identify Coup-TFII as a specific activator of the γ- globin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fugazza
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Gloria Barbarani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Sudharshan Elangovan
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Marini
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Serena Giolitto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Isaura Font-Monclus
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Franca Marongiu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Manunza
- Dip. di Sanità Pubblica, Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari
| | - John Strouboulis
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fabio Gasparri
- Department of Biology, Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Nerviano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia M L Barabino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sergio Ottolenghi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Moi
- Dip. di Sanità Pubblica, Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari
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9
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When basic science reaches into rational therapeutic design: from historical to novel leads for the treatment of β-globinopathies. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 27:141-148. [PMID: 32167946 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW β-hemoglobinopathies, such as β-Thalassemias (β-Thal) and sickle cell disease (SCD) are among the most common inherited genetic disorders in humans worldwide. These disorders are characterized by a quantitative (β-Thal) or qualitative (SCD) defects in adult hemoglobin production, leading to anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis and severe secondary complications. Reactivation of the fetal globin genes (γ-globin), making-up fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which are normally silenced in adults, represents a major strategy to ameliorate anemia and disease severity. RECENT FINDINGS Following the identification of the first 'switching factors' for the reactivation of fetal globin gene expression more than 10 years ago, a multitude of novel leads have recently been uncovered. SUMMARY Recent findings provided invaluable functional insights into the genetic and molecular networks controlling globin genes expression, revealing that complex repression systems evolved in erythroid cells to maintain HbF silencing in adults. This review summarizes these unique and exciting discoveries of the regulatory factors controlling the globin switch. New insights and novel leads for therapeutic strategies based on the pharmacological induction of HbF are discussed. This represents a major breakthrough for rational drug design in the treatment of β-Thal and SCD.
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10
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Wang Y, Yu L, Engel JD, Singh SA. Epigenetic activities in erythroid cell gene regulation. Semin Hematol 2020; 58:4-9. [PMID: 33509442 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the role of epigenetic mechanisms in human biology has exponentially increased over the past several decades. The multitude of opposing and context-dependent chromatin-modifying enzymes/coregulator complexes is just beginning to be understood at a molecular level. This science has benefitted tremendously from studies of erythropoiesis, in which a series of β-globin genes are in sequence turned "on" and "off," serving as a fascinating model of coordinated gene expression. We, therefore, describe here epigenetic complexes about which we know most, using erythropoiesis as the context. The biochemical insights lay the foundation for proposing and developing novel treatments for diseases of red cells and of erythropoiesis, identifying for example epigenetic enzymes that can be drugged to manipulate β-globin locus regulation, to favor activation of unmutated fetal hemoglobin over mutated adult β-globin genes to treat sickle cell disease and β-thalassemias. Other potential translational applications are in redirecting hematopoietic commitment decisions, as treatment for bone marrow failure syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - James Douglas Engel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Sharon A Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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11
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Inhibition of LSD1 by small molecule inhibitors stimulates fetal hemoglobin synthesis. Blood 2019; 133:2455-2459. [PMID: 30992270 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018892737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Yu L, Jearawiriyapaisarn N, Lee MP, Hosoya T, Wu Q, Myers G, Lim KC, Kurita R, Nakamura Y, Vojtek AB, Rual JF, Engel JD. BAP1 regulation of the key adaptor protein NCoR1 is critical for γ-globin gene repression. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1537-1549. [PMID: 30463901 PMCID: PMC6295165 DOI: 10.1101/gad.318436.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human globin gene production transcriptionally "switches" from fetal to adult synthesis shortly after birth and is controlled by macromolecular complexes that enhance or suppress transcription by cis elements scattered throughout the locus. The DRED (direct repeat erythroid-definitive) repressor is recruited to the ε-globin and γ-globin promoters by the orphan nuclear receptors TR2 (NR2C1) and TR4 (NR2C2) to engender their silencing in adult erythroid cells. Here we found that nuclear receptor corepressor-1 (NCoR1) is a critical component of DRED that acts as a scaffold to unite the DNA-binding and epigenetic enzyme components (e.g., DNA methyltransferase 1 [DNMT1] and lysine-specific demethylase 1 [LSD1]) that elicit DRED function. We also describe a potent new regulator of γ-globin repression: The deubiquitinase BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is a component of the repressor complex whose activity maintains NCoR1 at sites in the β-globin locus, and BAP1 inhibition in erythroid cells massively induces γ-globin synthesis. These data provide new mechanistic insights through the discovery of novel epigenetic enzymes that mediate γ-globin gene repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Natee Jearawiriyapaisarn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Mary P Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Tomonori Hosoya
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Greggory Myers
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kim-Chew Lim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Anne B Vojtek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jean-François Rual
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - James Douglas Engel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Abstract
Animal models of erythropoiesis have been, and will continue to be, important tools for understanding molecular mechanisms underlying the development of this cell lineage and the pathophysiology associated with various human erythropoietic diseases. In this regard, the mouse is probably the most valuable animal model available to investigators. The physiology and short gestational period of mice make them ideal for studying developmental processes and modeling human diseases. These attributes, coupled with cutting-edge genetic tools such as transgenesis, gene knockouts, conditional gene knockouts, and genome editing, provide a significant resource to the research community to test a plethora of hypotheses. This review summarizes the mouse models available for studying a wide variety of erythroid-related questions, as well as the properties inherent in each one.
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14
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Habara AH, Shaikho EM, Steinberg MH. Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia: The Arab-Indian haplotype and new therapeutic agents. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:1233-1242. [PMID: 28736939 PMCID: PMC5647233 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has well-known tempering effects on the symptoms of sickle cell disease and its levels vary among patients with different haplotypes of the sickle hemoglobin gene. Compared with sickle cell anemia haplotypes found in patients of African descent, HbF levels in Saudi and Indian patients with the Arab-Indian (AI) haplotype exceed that in any other haplotype by nearly twofold. Genetic association studies have identified some loci associated with high HbF in the AI haplotype but these observations require functional confirmation. Saudi patients with the Benin haplotype have HbF levels almost twice as high as African patients with this haplotype but this difference is unexplained. Hydroxyurea is still the only FDA approved drug for HbF induction in sickle cell disease. While most patients treated with hydroxyurea have an increase in HbF and some clinical improvement, 10 to 20% of adults show little response to this agent. We review the genetic basis of HbF regulation focusing on sickle cell anemia in Saudi Arabia and discuss new drugs that can induce increased levels of HbF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alawi H Habara
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Elmutaz M Shaikho
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
| | - Martin H Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
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The orphan nuclear receptor TR4 regulates erythroid cell proliferation and maturation. Blood 2017; 130:2537-2547. [PMID: 29018082 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-783159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptors TR4 (NR2C2) and TR2 (NR2C1) are the DNA-binding subunits of the macromolecular complex, direct repeat erythroid-definitive, which has been shown to repress ε- and γ-globin transcription during adult definitive erythropoiesis. Previous studies implied that TR2 and TR4 act largely in a redundant manner during erythroid differentiation; however, during the course of routine genetic studies, we observed multiple variably penetrant phenotypes in the Tr4 mutants, suggesting that indirect effects of the mutation might be masked by multiple modifying genes. To test this hypothesis, Tr4+/- mutant mice were bred into a congenic C57BL/6 background and their phenotypes were reexamined. Surprisingly, we found that homozygous Tr4 null mutant mice expired early during embryogenesis, around embryonic day 7.0, and well before erythropoiesis commences. We further found that Tr4+/- erythroid cells failed to fully differentiate and exhibited diminished proliferative capacity. Analysis of Tr4+/- mutant erythroid cells revealed that reduced TR4 abundance resulted in decreased expression of genes required for heme biosynthesis and erythroid differentiation (Alad and Alas2), but led to significantly increased expression of the proliferation inhibitory factor, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (Cdkn1c) These studies support a vital role for TR4 in promoting erythroid maturation and proliferation, and demonstrate that TR4 and TR2 execute distinct, individual functions during embryogenesis and erythroid differentiation.
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Lee WS, McColl B, Maksimovic J, Vadolas J. Epigenetic interplay at the β-globin locus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:393-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Ma L, Nie M, Ju J, Liu M, Deng Y, Yao B, Gui T, Li X, Guo C, Ma C, Tan R, Zhao Q. Heterochromatin Protein 1γ Is a Novel Epigenetic Repressor of Human Embryonic ϵ-Globin Gene Expression. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4811-4817. [PMID: 28154185 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.768515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of hemoglobin during development is tightly regulated. For example, expression from the human β-globin gene locus, comprising β-, δ-, ϵ-, and γ-globin genes, switches from ϵ-globin to γ-globin during embryonic development and then from γ-globin to β-globin after birth. Expression of human ϵ-globin in mice has been shown to ameliorate anemia caused by β-globin mutations, including those causing β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease, raising the prospect that reactivation of ϵ-globin expression could be used in managing these conditions in humans. Although the human globin genes are known to be regulated by a variety of multiprotein complexes containing enzymes that catalyze epigenetic modifications, the exact mechanisms controlling ϵ-globin gene silencing remain elusive. Here we found that the heterochromatin protein HP1γ, a multifunctional chromatin- and DNA-binding protein with roles in transcriptional activation and elongation, represses ϵ-globin expression by interacting with a histone-modifying enzyme, lysine methyltransferase SUV4-20h2. Silencing of HP1γ expression markedly decreased repressive histone marks and the multimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 and H4 lysine 20, leading to a significant decrease in DNA methylation at the proximal promoter of the ϵ-globin gene and greatly increased ϵ-globin expression. In addition, using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we showed that SUV4-20h2 facilitates the deposition of HP1γ on the ϵ-globin-proximal promoter. Thus, these data indicate that HP1γ is a novel epigenetic repressor of ϵ-globin gene expression and provide a potential strategy for targeted therapies for β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingling Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Nie
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junyi Ju
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yexuan Deng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bing Yao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Gui
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chan Guo
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chi Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Renxiang Tan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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18
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Wang Y, Rank G, Li Z, Wang Y, Ju J, Nuber A, Wu Y, Liu M, Nie M, Huang F, Cerruti L, Ma C, Tan R, Schotta G, Jane SM, Zeng CK, Zhao Q. ε-globin expression is regulated by SUV4-20h1. Haematologica 2016; 101:e168-72. [PMID: 26802048 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.139980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Gerhard Rank
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhuchen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Junyi Ju
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Alexander Nuber
- Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yupeng Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Ming Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Min Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Loretta Cerruti
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Chi Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Renxiang Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Gunnar Schotta
- Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Quan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
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The LSD1 inhibitor RN-1 induces fetal hemoglobin synthesis and reduces disease pathology in sickle cell mice. Blood 2015; 126:386-96. [PMID: 26031919 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-626259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been shown to induce fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels in cultured human erythroid cells in vitro. Here we report the in vivo effects of LSD1 inactivation by a selective and more potent inhibitor, RN-1, in a sickle cell disease (SCD) mouse model. Compared with untreated animals, RN-1 administration leads to induced HbF synthesis and to increased frequencies of HbF-positive cells and mature erythrocytes, as well as fewer reticulocytes and sickle cells, in the peripheral blood of treated SCD mice. In keeping with these observations, histologic analyses of the liver and spleen of treated SCD mice verified that they do not exhibit the necrotic lesions that are usually associated with SCD. These data indicate that RN-1 can effectively induce HbF levels in red blood cells and reduce disease pathology in SCD mice, and may therefore offer new therapeutic possibilities for treating SCD.
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