1
|
Haage TR, Charakopoulos E, Bhuria V, Baldauf CK, Korthals M, Handschuh J, Müller P, Li J, Harit K, Nishanth G, Frey S, Böttcher M, Fischer KD, Dudeck J, Dudeck A, Lipka DB, Schraven B, Green AR, Müller AJ, Mougiakakos D, Fischer T. Neutrophil-specific expression of JAK2-V617F or CALRmut induces distinct inflammatory profiles in myeloproliferative neoplasia. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:43. [PMID: 38853260 PMCID: PMC11163796 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils play a crucial role in inflammation and in the increased thrombotic risk in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We have investigated how neutrophil-specific expression of JAK2-V617F or CALRdel re-programs the functions of neutrophils. METHODS Ly6G-Cre JAK2-V617F and Ly6G-Cre CALRdel mice were generated. MPN parameters as blood counts, splenomegaly and bone marrow histology were compared to wild-type mice. Megakaryocyte differentiation was investigated using lineage-negative bone marrow cells upon in vitro incubation with TPO/IL-1β. Cytokine concentrations in serum of mice were determined by Mouse Cytokine Array. IL-1α expression in various hematopoietic cell populations was determined by intracellular FACS analysis. RNA-seq to analyse gene expression of inflammatory cytokines was performed in isolated neutrophils from JAK2-V617F and CALR-mutated mice and patients. Bioenergetics of neutrophils were recorded on a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Cell motility of neutrophils was monitored in vitro (time lapse microscopy), and in vivo (two-photon microscopy) upon creating an inflammatory environment. Cell adhesion to integrins, E-selectin and P-selection was investigated in-vitro. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Unpaired, two-tailed t-tests were applied. RESULTS Strikingly, neutrophil-specific expression of JAK2-V617F, but not CALRdel, was sufficient to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1 in serum of mice. RNA-seq analysis in neutrophils from JAK2-V617F mice and patients revealed a distinct inflammatory chemokine signature which was not expressed in CALR-mutant neutrophils. In addition, IL-1 response genes were significantly enriched in neutrophils of JAK2-V617F patients as compared to CALR-mutant patients. Thus, JAK2-V617F positive neutrophils, but not CALR-mutant neutrophils, are pathogenic drivers of inflammation in MPN. In line with this, expression of JAK2-V617F or CALRdel elicited a significant difference in the metabolic phenotype of neutrophils, suggesting a stronger inflammatory activity of JAK2-V617F cells. Furthermore, JAK2-V617F, but not CALRdel, induced a VLA4 integrin-mediated adhesive phenotype in neutrophils. This resulted in reduced neutrophil migration in vitro and in an inflamed vessel. This mechanism may contribute to the increased thrombotic risk of JAK2-V617F patients compared to CALR-mutant individuals. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings highlight genotype-specific differences in MPN-neutrophils that have implications for the differential pathophysiology of JAK2-V617F versus CALR-mutant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ronny Haage
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Charakopoulos
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vikas Bhuria
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Conny K Baldauf
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mark Korthals
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Handschuh
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juan Li
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, GB, England
| | - Kunjan Harit
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gopala Nishanth
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Frey
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudeck
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel B Lipka
- Section of Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anthony R Green
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, GB, England
| | - Andreas J Müller
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Healthcampus Immunology, Inflammation and Infectiology (GC-I, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention - CHaMP, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kramer F, Mullally A. Antibody targeting of mutant calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e17896. [PMID: 37551061 PMCID: PMC10902560 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in calreticulin are one of the key disease-initiating mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). In MPN, mutant calreticulin translates with a novel C-terminus that leads to aberrant binding to the extracellular domain of the thrombopoietin receptor, MPL. This cell surface neoantigen has become an attractive target for immunological intervention. Here, we summarize recent advances in the development of mutant calreticulin targeting antibodies as a novel therapeutic approach in MPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Kramer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morsia E, Torre E, Martini F, Morè S, Poloni A, Olivieri A, Rupoli S. Exploring the Molecular Aspects of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Associated with Unusual Site Vein Thrombosis: Review of the Literature and Latest Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1524. [PMID: 38338802 PMCID: PMC10855502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are the leading causes of unusual site thrombosis, affecting nearly 40% of individuals with conditions like Budd-Chiari syndrome or portal vein thrombosis. Diagnosing MPNs in these cases is challenging because common indicators, such as spleen enlargement and elevated blood cell counts, can be obscured by portal hypertension or bleeding issues. Recent advancements in diagnostic tools have enhanced the accuracy of MPN diagnosis and classification. While bone marrow biopsies remain significant diagnostic criteria, molecular markers now play a pivotal role in both diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Hence, it is essential to initiate the diagnostic process for splanchnic vein thrombosis with a JAK2 V617F mutation screening, but a comprehensive approach is necessary. A multidisciplinary strategy is vital to accurately determine the specific subtype of MPNs, recommend additional tests, and propose the most effective treatment plan. Establishing specialized care pathways for patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis and underlying MPNs is crucial to tailor management approaches that reduce the risk of hematological outcomes and hepatic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Morsia
- Hematology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Torre
- Hematology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Martini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Emergency Digestive Endoscopy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Morè
- Hematology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Poloni
- Hematology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Attilio Olivieri
- Hematology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Rupoli
- Hematology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wildschut MHE, Mena J, Dördelmann C, van Oostrum M, Hale BD, Settelmeier J, Festl Y, Lysenko V, Schürch PM, Ring A, Severin Y, Bader MS, Pedrioli PGA, Goetze S, van Drogen A, Balabanov S, Skoda RC, Lopes M, Wollscheid B, Theocharides APA, Snijder B. Proteogenetic drug response profiling elucidates targetable vulnerabilities of myelofibrosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6414. [PMID: 37828014 PMCID: PMC10570306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder belonging to the myeloproliferative neoplasms. Myelofibrosis patients frequently carry driver mutations in either JAK2 or Calreticulin (CALR) and have limited therapeutic options. Here, we integrate ex vivo drug response and proteotype analyses across myelofibrosis patient cohorts to discover targetable vulnerabilities and associated therapeutic strategies. Drug sensitivities of mutated and progenitor cells were measured in patient blood using high-content imaging and single-cell deep learning-based analyses. Integration with matched molecular profiling revealed three targetable vulnerabilities. First, CALR mutations drive BET and HDAC inhibitor sensitivity, particularly in the absence of high Ras pathway protein levels. Second, an MCM complex-high proliferative signature corresponds to advanced disease and sensitivity to drugs targeting pro-survival signaling and DNA replication. Third, homozygous CALR mutations result in high endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, responding to ER stressors and unfolded protein response inhibition. Overall, our integrated analyses provide a molecularly motivated roadmap for individualized myelofibrosis patient treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattheus H E Wildschut
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Mena
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Dördelmann
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc van Oostrum
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Hale
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Settelmeier
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Festl
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Lysenko
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Schürch
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Ring
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yannik Severin
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael S Bader
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick G A Pedrioli
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ETH PHRT Swiss Multi-Omics Center (SMOC), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Goetze
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ETH PHRT Swiss Multi-Omics Center (SMOC), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Audrey van Drogen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- ETH PHRT Swiss Multi-Omics Center (SMOC), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Wollscheid
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre P A Theocharides
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Berend Snijder
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Holik H, Krečak I, Lucijanić M, Samardžić I, Pilipac D, Vučinić Ljubičić I, Coha B, Kitter Pipić A, Miškić B, Zupančić-Šalek S. Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis in Patients with Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Cross-Sectional Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1388. [PMID: 37374170 PMCID: PMC10300951 DOI: 10.3390/life13061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease with an inflammatory background. Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by chronic inflammation and a tendency for connective tissue remodeling. AIM This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of symptomatic OA (sOA) in MPN patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 100 consecutive MPN (39 essential-thrombocythemia, 34 polycythemia-vera, 27 myelofibrosis) patients treated in two community hematologic centers were cross-sectionally evaluated. Patients were required to have both symptoms attributable to hip and/or knee OA and radiographic confirmation to be considered as having sOA. RESULTS The prevalence of hip and/or knee sOA was significantly higher among MPN patients than the previously reported prevalence in the general population of similar age (61% vs. 22%, p < 0.001). Hip sOA was present in 50%, knee sOA in 51% and sOA of both localizations in 41% of patients. A high proportion of MPN patients had radiographic signs of hip OA (94%) and knee OA (98%) in the presence of attributable symptoms. Among the other factors, sOA was univariately associated with the presence of JAK2 mutation, myelofibrosis phenotype, older age, higher body weight, and higher MPN-SAF score (p < 0.050 for all analyses). In the multivariate analysis, older age (odds ratio = 1.19, 95% confidence interval-CI 1.06-1.33) and higher body weight (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.25) were recognized as independent risk factors for sOA. On the other hand, cytoreductive treatment was a protective factor for sOA (OR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.006-0.86). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sOA in MPN patients was higher than that in the general population and seems to correlate with older age, increased myeloproliferation and a higher inflammatory state. Whether cytoreductive treatment may postpone OA development in MPN patients warrants additional confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Holik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krečak
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Šibenik-Knin County, 22000 Šibenik, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Lucijanić
- University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Samardžić
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Danijel Pilipac
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Šibenik-Knin County, 22000 Šibenik, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vučinić Ljubičić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Božena Coha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Alma Kitter Pipić
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, General Hospital ‘Dr Josip Benčević’, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Miškić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Silva Zupančić-Šalek
- Department of Hematology and Coagulation, University Hospital Holy Spirit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ciftciler R, Balasar O. A rare CALR variant mutation and efficient peginterferon alfa-2a response in a patient with essential thrombocythemia. Cancer Genet 2023; 274-275:51-53. [PMID: 36972657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is a calcium-binding protein chaperone that may be found throughout the extracellular matrix and membranes of cells. It regulates calcium homeostasis and ensures the appropriate folding of newly generated glycoproteins within the endoplasmic reticulum. A somatic mutation in JAK2, CALR, or MPL is responsible for the great majority of essential thrombocythemia (ET) cases. ET has a diagnostic and prognostic value because of the sort of mutation that causes it. ET patients with the JAK2 V617F mutation had more noticeable leukocytosis, higher hemoglobin levels, and lower platelet levels, but also more thrombotic problems and a higher risk of PV transition. CALR mutations, on the other hand, are linked to a younger age group, males, with lower hemoglobin and leukocyte counts, but higher platelet counts, and a higher risk of myelofibrosis transformation. There are two predominant types of CALR mutations in ET patients. Different CALR point mutations have been identified in recent years, but their involvement in the molecular pathogenesis of MPN, including ET, is still unknown. In this case report, we presented a rare CALR mutation in a patient who was diagnosed with ET and followed up.
Collapse
|
7
|
Willekens C, Laplane L, Dagher T, Benlabiod C, Papadopoulos N, Lacout C, Rameau P, Catelain C, Alfaro A, Edmond V, Signolle N, Marchand V, Droin N, Hoogenboezem R, Schneider RK, Penson A, Abdel-Wahab O, Giraudier S, Pasquier F, Marty C, Plo I, Villeval JL, Constantinescu SN, Porteu F, Vainchenker W, Solary E. SRSF2-P95H decreases JAK/STAT signaling in hematopoietic cells and delays myelofibrosis development in mice. Leukemia 2023:10.1038/s41375-023-01878-0. [PMID: 37100881 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutation targeting proline 95 in Serine/Arginine-rich Splicing Factor 2 (SRSF2) is associated with V617F mutation in Janus Activated Kinase 2 (JAK2) in some myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), most commonly primary myelofibrosis. To explore the interaction of Srsf2P95H with Jak2V617F, we generated Cre-inducible knock-in mice expressing these mutants under control of the stem cell leukemia (Scl) gene promoter. In transplantation experiments, Srsf2P95H unexpectedly delayed myelofibrosis induced by Jak2V617F and decreased TGFβ1 serum level. Srsf2P95H reduced the competitiveness of transplanted Jak2V617F hematopoietic stem cells while preventing their exhaustion. RNA sequencing of sorted megakaryocytes identified an increased number of splicing events when the two mutations were combined. Focusing on JAK/STAT pathway, Jak2 exon 14 skipping was promoted by Srsf2P95H, an event detected in patients with JAK2V617F and SRSF2P95 co-mutation. The skipping event generates a truncated inactive JAK2 protein. Accordingly, Srsf2P95H delays myelofibrosis induced by the thrombopoietin receptor agonist Romiplostim in Jak2 wild-type animals. These results unveil JAK2 exon 14 skipping promotion as a strategy to reduce JAK/STAT signaling in pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Willekens
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Département d'hématologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Lucie Laplane
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut d'Histoire et Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques, Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Tracy Dagher
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Camelia Benlabiod
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut d'Histoire et Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques, Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Valérie Edmond
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Valentine Marchand
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Remco Hoogenboezem
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alex Penson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Florence Pasquier
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Département d'hématologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Luc Villeval
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Françoise Porteu
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Eric Solary
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- Département d'hématologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jutzi JS, Marneth AE, Jiménez-Santos MJ, Hem J, Guerra-Moreno A, Rolles B, Bhatt S, Myers SA, Carr SA, Hong Y, Pozdnyakova O, van Galen P, Al-Shahrour F, Nam AS, Mullally A. CALR-mutated cells are vulnerable to combined inhibition of the proteasome and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Leukemia 2023; 37:359-369. [PMID: 36473980 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is driven by somatic mutations that provide a fitness advantage. While targeted therapies often focus on the mutated gene or its direct downstream effectors, imbalances brought on by cell-state alterations may also confer unique vulnerabilities. In myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), somatic mutations in the calreticulin (CALR) gene are disease-initiating through aberrant binding of mutant CALR to the thrombopoietin receptor MPL and ligand-independent activation of JAK-STAT signaling. Despite these mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of CALR-mutant MPN, there are currently no mutant CALR-selective therapies available. Here, we identified differential upregulation of unfolded proteins, the proteasome and the ER stress response in CALR-mutant hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and megakaryocyte progenitors. We further found that combined pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome and IRE1-XBP1 axis of the ER stress response preferentially targets Calr-mutated HSCs and megakaryocytic-lineage cells over wild-type cells in vivo, resulting in an amelioration of the MPN phenotype. In serial transplantation assays following combined proteasome/IRE1 inhibition for six weeks, we did not find preferential depletion of Calr-mutant long-term HSCs. Together, these findings leverage altered proteostasis in Calr-mutant MPN to identify combinatorial dependencies that may be targeted for therapeutic benefit and suggest that eradicating disease-propagating Calr-mutant LT-HSCs may require more sustained treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas S Jutzi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna E Marneth
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - María José Jiménez-Santos
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Hem
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angel Guerra-Moreno
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Rolles
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shruti Bhatt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel A Myers
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Olga Pozdnyakova
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter van Galen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fátima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna S Nam
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, N.Y., USA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jutzi JS, Marneth AE, Ciboddo M, Guerra-Moreno A, Jiménez-Santos MJ, Kosmidou A, Dressman JW, Liang H, Hamel R, Lozano P, Rumi E, Doench JG, Gotlib J, Krishnan A, Elf S, Al-Shahrour F, Mullally A. Whole-genome CRISPR screening identifies N-glycosylation as a genetic and therapeutic vulnerability in CALR-mutant MPNs. Blood 2022; 140:1291-1304. [PMID: 35763665 PMCID: PMC9479036 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) mutations are frequent, disease-initiating events in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Although the biological mechanism by which CALR mutations cause MPNs has been elucidated, there currently are no clonally selective therapies for CALR-mutant MPNs. To identify unique genetic dependencies in CALR-mutant MPNs, we performed a whole-genome clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) knockout depletion screen in mutant CALR-transformed hematopoietic cells. We found that genes in the N-glycosylation pathway (among others) were differentially depleted in mutant CALR-transformed cells as compared with control cells. Using a focused pharmacological in vitro screen targeting unique vulnerabilities uncovered in the CRISPR screen, we found that chemical inhibition of N-glycosylation impaired the growth of mutant CALR-transformed cells, through a reduction in MPL cell surface expression. We treated Calr-mutant knockin mice with the N-glycosylation inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose (2-DG) and found a preferential sensitivity of Calr-mutant cells to 2-DG as compared with wild-type cells and normalization of key MPNs disease features. To validate our findings in primary human cells, we performed megakaryocyte colony-forming unit (CFU-MK) assays. We found that N-glycosylation inhibition significantly reduced CFU-MK formation in patient-derived CALR-mutant bone marrow as compared with bone marrow derived from healthy donors. In aggregate, our findings advance the development of clonally selective treatments for CALR-mutant MPNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas S Jutzi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anna E Marneth
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michele Ciboddo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Angel Guerra-Moreno
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - María José Jiménez-Santos
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anastasia Kosmidou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - James W Dressman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Hongyan Liang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rebecca Hamel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Lozano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elisa Rumi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Hematology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Jason Gotlib
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Anandi Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; and
| | - Shannon Elf
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Fátima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Truong B, Fahl SP, Martinez E, Cai KQ, Al-Saleem ED, Gong Y, Liebermann DA, Soboloff J, Dunbrack R, Levine RL, Fletcher S, Kappes D, Sykes SM, Shapiro P, Wiest DL. The ERK2-DBP domain opposes pathogenesis of a mouse JAK2V617F-driven myeloproliferative neoplasm. Blood 2022; 140:359-373. [PMID: 35436326 PMCID: PMC9335498 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is activated in most human cancers, attempts to target this pathway using kinase-active site inhibitors have not typically led to durable clinical benefit. To address this shortcoming, we sought to test the feasibility of an alternative targeting strategy, focused on the ERK2 substrate binding domains, D and DEF binding pocket (DBP). Disabling the ERK2-DBP domain in mice caused baseline erythrocytosis. Consequently, we investigated the role of the ERK2-D and -DBP domains in disease, using a JAK2-dependent model of polycythemia vera (PV). Of note, inactivation of the ERK2-DBP domain promoted the progression of disease from PV to myelofibrosis, suggesting that the ERK2-DBP domain normally opposes progression. ERK2-DBP inactivation also prevented oncogenic JAK2 kinase (JAK2V617F) from promoting oncogene-induced senescence in vitro. The ERK2-DBP mutation attenuated JAK2-mediated oncogene-induced senescence by preventing the physical interaction of ERK2 with the transcription factor Egr1. Because inactivation of the ERK2-DBP created a functional ERK2 kinase limited to binding substrates through its D domain, these data suggested that the D domain substrates were responsible for promoting oncogene-induced progenitor growth and tumor progression and that pharmacologic targeting of the ERK2-D domain may attenuate cancer cell growth. Indeed, pharmacologic agents targeting the ERK2-D domain were effective in attenuating the growth of JAK2-dependent myeloproliferative neoplasm cell lines. Taken together, these data indicate that the ERK-D and -DBP domains can play distinct roles in the progression of neoplasms and that the D domain has the potential to be a potent therapeutic target in Ras/MAPK-dependent cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yulan Gong
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dan A Liebermann
- Fels Institute for Personalized Medicine and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Personalized Medicine and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roland Dunbrack
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schischlik F. Transcriptional configurations of myeloproliferative neoplasms. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 366:25-39. [PMID: 35153005 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is an umbrella term for several heterogenous diseases, which are characterized by their stem cell origin, clonal hematopoiesis and increase of blood cells of the myeloid lineage. The focus will be on BCR-ABL1 negative MPNs, polycythemia vera (PV), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), essential thrombocythemia (ET). Seminal findings in the field of MPN were driven by genomic analysis, focusing on dissecting genomic changes MPN patients. This led to identification of major MPN driver genes, JAK2, MPL and CALR. Transcriptomic analysis promises to bridge the gap between genetic and phenotypic characterization of each patient's tumor and with the advent of single cell sequencing even for each MPN cancer cell. This review will focus on efforts to mine the bulk transcriptome of MPN patients, including analysis of fusion genes and splicing alterations which can be addressed with RNA-seq technologies. Furthermore, this paper aims to review recent endeavors to elucidate tumor heterogeneity in MPN hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using single cell technologies. Finally, it will highlight current shortcoming and future applications to advance the field in MPN biology and improve patient diagnostics using RNA-based assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Schischlik
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hui W, Zhang W, Liu C, Wan S, Sun W, Su L. Alterations of Signaling Pathways in Essential Thrombocythemia with Calreticulin Mutation. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6231-6238. [PMID: 34393515 PMCID: PMC8357313 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s316919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Though mutations of the calreticulin (CALR) gene have been identified in essential thrombocythemia patients, the detailed mechanisms for CALR mutations have not been completely clarified. Our study is aimed at characterizing alteration of protein expression in ET patients with mutated CALRdel52 and further recognizing possible involvement of signaling pathways associated with CALR mutations. Patients and Methods Protein pathway array was performed to analyze the expression levels of proteins involved in various signaling pathways in peripheral blood neutrophils from 18 ET patients with mutated CALRdel52, 20 ET patients with JAK2V617F mutation and 20 controls. Results We found 20 proteins differentially expressed in ET patients with mutated CALRdel52 compared with healthy controls. These proteins were associated with molecular mechanisms of cancer in ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA) network. We identified top ten canonical pathways which including apoptotic pathways and cellular cytokine pathways might participate in pathogenesis of ET with mutated CALRdel52. Additionally, there were 8 proteins found to be dysregulated differently between ET patients with mutated CALRdel52 and those with JAK2V617F mutation. These proteins might be related to the unique signaling pathways activated by CALRdel52 mutation which were different to JAK/STATs pathway by JAK2V617F mutation. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that numerous alterations of signaling proteins and pathways in ET patients with mutated CALRdel52. These findings could help to gain insights into the pathological mechanisms of ET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuhan Hui
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suigui Wan
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanling Sun
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang J, Wu Y, Uddin MN, Chen R, Hao JP. Identification of Potential Key Genes and Regulatory Markers in Essential Thrombocythemia Through Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis and Clinical Validation. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:767-784. [PMID: 34267539 PMCID: PMC8275175 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s309166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a group of myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by abnormal proliferation of platelet and megakaryocytes. Research on potential key genes and novel regulatory markers in essential thrombocythemia (ET) is still limited. Methods Downloading array profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. GO, and REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis was used to predict the potential functions of DEGs. Besides, constructing a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network through the STRING database, we validated the expression level of hub genes in an independent cohort of ET, and the transcription factors (TFs) were detected in the regulatory networks of TFs and DEGs. And the candidate drugs that are targeting hub genes were identified using the DGIdb database. Results We identified 63 overlap DEGs that included 21 common up-regulated and 42 common down-regulated genes from two datasets. Functional enrichment analysis shows that the DEGs are mainly enriched in the immune system and inflammatory processes. Through PPI network analysis, ACTB, PTPRC, ACTR2, FYB, STAT1, ETS1, IL7R, IKZF1, FGL2, and CTSS were selected as hub genes. Interestingly, we found that the dysregulated hub genes are also aberrantly expressed in a bone marrow cohort of ET. Moreover, we found that the expression of CTSS, FGL2, IKZF1, STAT1, FYB, ACTR2, PTPRC, and ACTB genes were significantly under-expressed in ET (P<0.05), which is consistent with our bioinformatics analysis. The ROC curve analysis also shows that these hub genes have good diagnostic value. Besides, we identified 4 TFs (SPI1, IRF4, SRF, and AR) as master transcriptional regulators that were associated with regulating the DEGs in ET. Cyclophosphamide, prednisone, fluorouracil, ruxolitinib, and lenalidomide were predicted as potential candidate drugs for the treatment of ET. Discussion These dysregulated genes and predicted key regulators had a significant relationship with the occurrence of ET with affecting the immune system and inflammation of the processes. Some of the immunomodulatory drugs have potential value by targeting ACTB, PTPRC, IL7R, and IKZF1 genes in the treatment of ET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of General Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Nazim Uddin
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.,Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Hao
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shide K. Calreticulin mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 365:179-226. [PMID: 34756244 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is a chaperone present in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in the quality control of N-glycosylated proteins and storage of calcium ions. In 2013, the C-terminal mutation in CALR was identified in half of the patients with essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis who did not have a JAK2 or MPL mutation. The results of 8 years of intensive research are changing the clinical practice associated with treating myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The presence or absence of CALR mutations and their mutation types already provide important information for diagnosis and treatment decision making. In addition, the interaction with the thrombopoietin receptor MPL, which is the main mechanism of transformation by CALR mutation, and the expression of the mutant protein on the cell surface have a great potential as targets for molecular-targeted drugs and immunotherapy. This chapter presents recent findings on the clinical significance of the CALR mutation and the molecular basis by which this mutation drives MPNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shide
- Division of Haematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reeves BN, Beckman JD. Novel Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Thrombosis in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2021; 16:304-313. [PMID: 33876389 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-021-00630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Thrombosis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in BCR/ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Circulating blood cells are both increased in quantity and qualitatively abnormal in MPN, resulting in an increased thrombotic risk. Herein, we review recently elucidated mechanisms of MPN thrombosis and discuss implications of drugs currently under investigation for MPN. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies highlight that in JAK2V617F granulocytes and platelets, thrombo-inflammatory genes are upregulated. Furthermore, in JAK2V617F granulocytes, protein expression of integrin CD11b, tissue factor, and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase are all increased. Overall, myeloid cells, namely neutrophils, may contribute in several ways, such as through increased adhesion via β1 integrin binding to VCAM1, increased infiltration, and enhanced inducibility to extrude neutrophil extracellular traps. Non-myeloid inflammatory cells may also contribute via secretion of cytokines. With regard to red blood cells, number, rigidity, adhesion, and generation of microvesicles may lead to increased vascular resistance as well as increased cell-cell interactions that promote rolling and adhesion. Platelets may also contribute in a similar fashion. Lastly, the vasculature is also increasingly appreciated, as several studies have demonstrated increased endothelial expression of pro-coagulant and pro-adhesive proteins, such as von Willebrand factor or P-selectin in JAK2V617F endothelial cells. With the advent of molecular diagnostics, MPN therapeutics are advancing beyond cytoreduction. Our increased understanding of pro-inflammatory and thrombotic pathophysiology in MPN provides a rational basis for evaluation of in-development MPN therapeutics to reduce thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandi N Reeves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joan D Beckman
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Contemporary Approach to CALR-Positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073371. [PMID: 33806036 PMCID: PMC8038093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CALR mutations are a revolutionary discovery and represent an important hallmark of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), especially essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. To date, several CALR mutations were identified, with only frameshift mutations linked to the diseased phenotype. It is of diagnostic and prognostic importance to properly define the type of CALR mutation and subclassify it according to its structural similarities to the classical mutations, a 52-bp deletion (type 1 mutation) and a 5-bp insertion (type 2 mutation), using a statistical approximation algorithm (AGADIR). Today, the knowledge on the pathogenesis of CALR-positive MPN is expanding and several cellular mechanisms have been recognized that finally cause a clonal hematopoietic expansion. In this review, we discuss the current basis of the cellular effects of CALR mutants and the understanding of its implementation in the current diagnostic laboratorial and medical practice. Different methods of CALR detection are explained and a diagnostic algorithm is shown that aids in the approach to CALR-positive MPN. Finally, contemporary methods joining artificial intelligence in accordance with molecular-genetic biomarkers in the approach to MPN are presented.
Collapse
|
17
|
Edahiro Y, Araki M, Komatsu N. Mechanism underlying the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms through mutant calreticulin. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2682-2688. [PMID: 32462673 PMCID: PMC7419020 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of cytokine signaling is frequently associated with various pathological conditions, including malignancies. In patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), recurrent somatic mutations in the calreticulin (CALR) gene, which encodes a molecular chaperone that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, have been reported. Studies have defined mutant CALR as an oncogene promoting the development of MPN, and deciphered a novel molecular mechanism by which mutant CALR constitutively activates thrombopoietin receptor MPL and its downstream molecules to induce cellular transformation. The mechanism of interaction and activation of MPL by mutant CALR is unique, not only due to the latter forming a homomultimeric complex through a novel mutant‐specific sequence generated by frameshift mutation, but also for its ability to interact with immature asparagine‐linked glycan for eventual engagement with immature MPL in the endoplasmic reticulum. The complex formed between mutant CALR and MPL is then transported to the cell surface, where it induces constitutive activation of downstream kinase JAK2 bound to MPL. Refined structural and cell biological studies can provide an in‐depth understanding of this unusual mechanism of receptor activation by a mutant molecular chaperone. Mutant CALR is also involved in modulation of the immune response, transcription, and intracellular homeostasis, which could contribute to the development of MPN. In the present article, we comprehensively review the current understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms for mutant molecular chaperone‐induced cellular transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Edahiro
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marito Araki
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Different impact of calreticulin mutations on human hematopoiesis in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Oncogene 2020; 39:5323-5337. [PMID: 32572159 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of calreticulin (CALRm) define a subtype of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). We studied the biological and genetic features of CALR-mutated essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis patients. In most cases, CALRm were found in granulocytes, monocytes, B and NK cells, but also in T cells. However, the type 1 CALRm spreads more easily than the type 2 CALRm in lymphoid cells. The CALRm were also associated with an early clonal dominance at the level of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) with no significant increase during granulo/monocytic differentiation in most cases. Moreover, we found that half of type 2 CALRm patients harbors some homozygous progenitors. Those patients were associated with a higher clonal dominance during granulo/monocytic differentiation than patients with only heterozygous type 2 CALRm progenitors. When associated mutations were present, CALRm were the first genetic event suggesting that they are both the initiating and phenotypic event. In blood, type 1 CALRm led to a greater increased number of all types of progenitors compared with the type 2 CALRm. However, both types of CALRm induced an increase in megakaryocytic progenitors associated with a ruxolitinib-sensitive independent growth and with a mild constitutive signaling in megakaryocytes. At the transcriptional level, type 1 CALRm seems to deregulate more pathways than the type 2 CALRm in megakaryocytes. Altogether, our results show that CALRm modify both the HSPC and megakaryocyte biology with a stronger effect for type 1 than for type 2 CALRm.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mutant calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2020; 134:2242-2248. [PMID: 31562135 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent mutations in calreticulin are present in ∼20% of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Since its discovery in 2013, we now have a more precise understanding of how mutant CALR, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein, activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway via a pathogenic binding interaction with the thrombopoietin receptor MPL to induce MPNs. In this Spotlight article, we review the current understanding of the biology underpinning mutant CALR-driven MPNs, discuss clinical implications, and highlight future therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mutant Calreticulin in the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e333. [PMID: 32382708 PMCID: PMC7000472 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene for calreticulin (CALR) were identified in the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (MF) in 2013; in combination with previously described mutations in JAK2 and MPL, driver mutations have now been described for the majority of MPN patients. In subsequent years, researchers have begun to unravel the mechanisms by which mutant CALR drives transformation and to understand their clinical implications. Mutant CALR activates the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL), causing constitutive activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) signaling and cytokine independent growth in vitro. Mouse models show increased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and overproduction of megakaryocytic lineage cells with associated thrombocytosis. In the clinic, detection of CALR mutations has been embedded in World Health Organization and other international diagnostic guidelines. Distinct clinical and laboratory associations of CALR mutations have been identified together with their prognostic significance, with CALR mutant patients showing increased overall survival. The discovery and subsequent study of CALR mutations have illuminated novel aspects of megakaryopoiesis and raised the possibility of new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
21
|
The Expression of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm-Associated Calreticulin Variants Depends on the Functionality of ER-Associated Degradation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121921. [PMID: 31810292 PMCID: PMC6966542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mutations in CALR observed in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) were recently shown to be pathogenic via their interaction with MPL and the subsequent activation of the Janus Kinase – Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. However, little is known on the impact of those variant CALR proteins on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Methods: The impact of the expression of Wild Type (WT) or mutant CALR on ER homeostasis was assessed by quantifying the expression level of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) target genes, splicing of X-box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1), and the expression level of endogenous lectins. Pharmacological and molecular (siRNA) screens were used to identify mechanisms involved in CALR mutant proteins degradation. Coimmunoprecipitations were performed to define more precisely actors involved in CALR proteins disposal. Results: We showed that the expression of CALR mutants alters neither ER homeostasis nor the sensitivity of hematopoietic cells towards ER stress-induced apoptosis. In contrast, the expression of CALR variants is generally low because of a combination of secretion and protein degradation mechanisms mostly mediated through the ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD)-proteasome pathway. Moreover, we identified a specific ERAD network involved in the degradation of CALR variants. Conclusions: We propose that this ERAD network could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for selectively inhibiting CALR mutant-dependent proliferation associated with MPN, and therefore attenuate the associated pathogenic outcomes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kuykendall AT, Talati C, Padron E, Sweet K, Lancet JE, List AF, Sallman D, Komrokji RS. Driver mutation-specific clinical and genomic correlates differ between primary and secondary myelofibrosis. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:E314-E317. [PMID: 31444809 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Kuykendall
- Department of Malignant Hematology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida
| | - Chetasi Talati
- Department of Malignant Hematology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida
| | - Eric Padron
- Department of Malignant Hematology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida
| | - Kendra Sweet
- Department of Malignant Hematology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida
| | - Jeffrey E. Lancet
- Department of Malignant Hematology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida
| | - Alan F. List
- Department of Malignant Hematology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida
| | - David Sallman
- Department of Malignant Hematology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida
| | - Rami S. Komrokji
- Department of Malignant Hematology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nam AS, Kim KT, Chaligne R, Izzo F, Ang C, Taylor J, Myers RM, Abu-Zeinah G, Brand R, Omans ND, Alonso A, Sheridan C, Mariani M, Dai X, Harrington E, Pastore A, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Tam W, Hoffman R, Rabadan R, Scandura JM, Abdel-Wahab O, Smibert P, Landau DA. Somatic mutations and cell identity linked by Genotyping of Transcriptomes. Nature 2019; 571:355-360. [PMID: 31270458 PMCID: PMC6782071 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Defining the transcriptomic identity of malignant cells is challenging in the absence of surface markers that distinguish cancer clones from one another, or from admixed non-neoplastic cells. To address this challenge, here we developed Genotyping of Transcriptomes (GoT), a method to integrate genotyping with high-throughput droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing. We apply GoT to profile 38,290 CD34+ cells from patients with CALR-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms to study how somatic mutations corrupt the complex process of human haematopoiesis. High-resolution mapping of malignant versus normal haematopoietic progenitors revealed an increasing fitness advantage with myeloid differentiation of cells with mutated CALR. We identified the unfolded protein response as a predominant outcome of CALR mutations, with a considerable dependency on cell identity, as well as upregulation of the NF-κB pathway specifically in uncommitted stem cells. We further extended the GoT toolkit to genotype multiple targets and loci that are distant from transcript ends. Together, these findings reveal that the transcriptional output of somatic mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms is dependent on the native cell identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Nam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyu-Tae Kim
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronan Chaligne
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franco Izzo
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chelston Ang
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert M Myers
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, Rockefeller University, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ghaith Abu-Zeinah
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Richard T. Silver MD Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Center, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Brand
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Omans
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Cornell University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Sheridan
- Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marisa Mariani
- Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Alessandro Pastore
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph M Scandura
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Richard T. Silver MD Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Center, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Smibert
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan A Landau
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Merlinsky TR, Levine RL, Pronier E. Unfolding the Role of Calreticulin in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Pathogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2956-2962. [PMID: 30655313 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 2013, two seminal studies identified gain-of-function mutations in the Calreticulin (CALR) gene in a subset of JAK2/MPL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients. CALR is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein that normally binds misfolded proteins in the ER and prevents their export to the Golgi and had never previously been reported mutated in cancer or to be associated with hematologic disorders. Further investigation determined that mutated CALR is able to achieve oncogenic transformation primarily through constitutive activation of the MPL-JAK-STAT signaling axis. Here we review our current understanding of the role of CALR mutations in MPN pathogenesis and how these insights can lead to innovative therapeutics approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Merlinsky
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elodie Pronier
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is an indolent myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by megakaryocyte hyperplasia, thrombocytosis, thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications, and potential transformation into myelofibrosis and acute myeloid leukemia. The vast majority of cases are driven by a somatic mutation in JAK2, CALR, or MPL. CALR, a gene that codes for the calcium-binding chaperone calreticulin, is the predominant mutation in patients with non-mutated JAK2 essential thrombocythemia, accounting for 20-25% of the overall somatic mutation frequency in ET. In this brief review of ET, we introduce a rare CALR mutation through a case presentation of a 58-year-old man with diffuse pulmonary emboli in the setting of thrombocytosis. We subsequently characterize the main types of CALR mutations and their value in diagnosis and prognosis of disease course, and lastly discuss the current clinical approach to ET.
Collapse
|
26
|
pSTAT3/pSTAT5 Signaling Patterns in Molecularly Defined Subsets of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:147-152. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
27
|
Wong WJ, Hasserjian RP, Pinkus GS, Breyfogle LJ, Mullally A, Pozdnyakova O. JAK2, CALR, MPL and ASXL1 mutational status correlates with distinct histological features in Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Haematologica 2017; 103:e63-e68. [PMID: 29146710 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.178988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Waihay J Wong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert P Hasserjian
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geraldine S Pinkus
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence J Breyfogle
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Pozdnyakova
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kirschner K, Chandra T, Kiselev V, Flores-Santa Cruz D, Macaulay IC, Park HJ, Li J, Kent DG, Kumar R, Pask DC, Hamilton TL, Hemberg M, Reik W, Green AR. Proliferation Drives Aging-Related Functional Decline in a Subpopulation of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Compartment. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1503-1511. [PMID: 28538171 PMCID: PMC5457484 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment is characterized by lineage bias and reduced stem cell function, the molecular basis of which is largely unknown. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we identified a distinct subpopulation of old HSCs carrying a p53 signature indicative of stem cell decline alongside pro-proliferative JAK/STAT signaling. To investigate the relationship between JAK/STAT and p53 signaling, we challenged HSCs with a constitutively active form of JAK2 (V617F) and observed an expansion of the p53-positive subpopulation in old mice. Our results reveal cellular heterogeneity in the onset of HSC aging and implicate a role for JAK2V617F-driven proliferation in the p53-mediated functional decline of old HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kirschner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK; Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK; Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanarkshire G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Tamir Chandra
- Epigenetics ISP, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB22 3AT, UK; MRC Unit for Human Genetics, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH2 2XU, UK.
| | - Vladimir Kiselev
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David Flores-Santa Cruz
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Iain C Macaulay
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Juan Li
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David G Kent
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Rupa Kumar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Dean C Pask
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tina L Hamilton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Martin Hemberg
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics ISP, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB22 3AT, UK; The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Anthony R Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK; Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0XY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Iborra FJ, Papadopoulos P. Calreticulin in Essential Thrombocythemia: StressINg OUT the Megakaryocyte Nucleus. Front Oncol 2017; 7:103. [PMID: 28589084 PMCID: PMC5438987 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is a multifaceted protein primarily involved in intracellular protein control processes. The identification of CALR mutations in essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis that are mutually exclusive with the JAK2 V617F mutation has stirred an intensive research interest about the molecular functions of CALR and its mutants in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and its diagnostic/prognostic value. The recently characterized protein–protein interaction of CALR mutants and MPL receptor has advanced our knowledge on the functional role of CALR mutants in thrombocythemia but it has also uncovered limitations of the current established research models. Human cell lines and mouse models provide useful information but they lack the advantages provided by ex vivo primary cultures of physiologically relevant to the disease cell types [i.e., megakaryocytes (MKs), platelets]. The results from gene expression and chromatin occupancy analysis have focused on the JAK-STAT pathway activated in both JAK2 V617F- and CALR-mutated MPN patient groups, although a more complete analysis is needed to be performed in MKs. Stress related processes seem to be affected in CALR mutant ET-MKs, but the precise mechanism is not known yet. Herein, we describe a culture method for human MKs from peripheral blood progenitors, which could help further toward an unbiased characterization of the role of CALR in ET and MK differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Jose Iborra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Petros Papadopoulos
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kollmann K, Warsch W, Gonzalez-Arias C, Nice FL, Avezov E, Milburn J, Li J, Dimitropoulou D, Biddie S, Wang M, Poynton E, Colzani M, Tijssen MR, Anand S, McDermott U, Huntly B, Green T. A novel signalling screen demonstrates that CALR mutations activate essential MAPK signalling and facilitate megakaryocyte differentiation. Leukemia 2017; 31:934-944. [PMID: 27740635 PMCID: PMC5383931 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients lacking JAK2 mutations harbour somatic CALR mutations that are thought to activate cytokine signalling although the mechanism is unclear. To identify kinases important for survival of CALR-mutant cells, we developed a novel strategy (KISMET) that utilizes the full range of kinase selectivity data available from each inhibitor and thus takes advantage of off-target noise that limits conventional small-interfering RNA or inhibitor screens. KISMET successfully identified known essential kinases in haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cell lines and identified the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as required for growth of the CALR-mutated MARIMO cells. Expression of mutant CALR in murine or human haematopoietic cell lines was accompanied by myeloproliferative leukemia protein (MPL)-dependent activation of MAPK signalling, and MPN patients with CALR mutations showed increased MAPK activity in CD34 cells, platelets and megakaryocytes. Although CALR mutations resulted in protein instability and proteosomal degradation, mutant CALR was able to enhance megakaryopoiesis and pro-platelet production from human CD34+ progenitors. These data link aberrant MAPK activation to the MPN phenotype and identify it as a potential therapeutic target in CALR-mutant positive MPNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kollmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W Warsch
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Gonzalez-Arias
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - F L Nice
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Avezov
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Milburn
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Li
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Dimitropoulou
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Biddie
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Wang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Poynton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Colzani
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - M R Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Anand
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - U McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - B Huntly
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kondo T, Tasaka T, Tomioka N, Sano F, Tokunaga H, Suemori SI, Tsujioka T, Matsuhashi Y, Nakanishi H, Wada H, Tohyama K, Sugihara T. Low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score is a new aspect of calreticulin-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1146. [PMID: 27504244 PMCID: PMC4956637 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) and JAK2-V617F gene mutations, which are major genetic mutations in patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), exert different effects on the clinical features and outcomes of these diseases. We analyzed 88 and 9 patients with ET and PMF, respectively, and determined the differences in the clinical characteristics of ET patients with JAK2-V617F compared with CALR mutations. The frequency of the JAK2-V617F and CALR mutations were 64 and 22 %, respectively. Patients with CALR mutations were younger, had a lower white blood cell count, and had a lower rate of thrombotic events than patients with the JAK2 mutation. The neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) score of 16 patients with CALR mutations was significantly lower than the normal controls, which was mainly due to the high proportion of NAP-negative neutrophils. This is the first report to show an association between CALR mutations in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and the NAP score. Although the mechanism is unclear, the NAP score could be a useful and reliable biochemical marker to discriminate the mutational status of MPN patients. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether these characteristics contribute to the pathogenesis of MPN and the NAP score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Kondo
- Department of Hematology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan
| | - Taizo Tasaka
- Department of Hematology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan ; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture 350-8550 Japan
| | - Nanako Tomioka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan
| | - Fuminori Sano
- Department of Hematology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Tokunaga
- Department of Hematology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Suemori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsujioka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Matsuhashi
- Department of Hematology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nakanishi
- Department of Hematology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan
| | - Hideho Wada
- Department of Hematology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan
| | - Kaoru Tohyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan
| | - Takashi Sugihara
- Department of Hematology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 701-0192 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
A data-driven network model of primary myelofibrosis: transcriptional and post-transcriptional alterations in CD34+ cells. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e439. [PMID: 27341078 PMCID: PMC5141361 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are relevant in the pathogenesis of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) but our understanding is limited to specific target genes and the overall systemic scenario islacking. By both knowledge-based and ab initio approaches for comparative analysis of CD34+ cells of PMF patients and healthy controls, we identified the deregulated pathways involving miRNAs and genes and new transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory circuits in PMF cells. These converge in a unique and integrated cellular process, in which the role of specific miRNAs is to wire, co-regulate and allow a fine crosstalk between the involved processes. The PMF pathway includes Akt signaling, linked to Rho GTPases, CDC42, PLD2, PTEN crosstalk with the hypoxia response and Calcium-linked cellular processes connected to cyclic AMP signaling. Nested on the depicted transcriptional scenario, predicted circuits are reported, opening new hypotheses. Links between miRNAs (miR-106a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-19b-3p and let-7d-5p) and key transcription factors (MYCN, ATF, CEBPA, REL, IRF and FOXJ2) and their common target genes tantalizingly suggest new path to approach the disease. The study provides a global overview of transcriptional and post-transcriptional deregulations in PMF, and, unifying consolidated and predicted data, could be helpful to identify new combinatorial therapeutic strategy. Interactive PMF network model: http://compgen.bio.unipd.it/pmf-net/.
Collapse
|
33
|
Thrombopoietin receptor activation by myeloproliferative neoplasm associated calreticulin mutants. Blood 2016; 127:1325-35. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-681932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Calreticulin mutants responsible for myeloproliferative neoplasms specifically activate the thrombopoietin receptor and in turn JAK2. Activation of the thrombopoietin receptor requires the glycan binding site and a novel C-terminal tail of the mutant calreticulin.
Collapse
|
34
|
Baerlocher GM, Oppliger Leibundgut E, Ottmann OG, Spitzer G, Odenike O, McDevitt MA, Röth A, Daskalakis M, Burington B, Stuart M, Snyder DS. Telomerase Inhibitor Imetelstat in Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:920-8. [PMID: 26332546 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1503479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imetelstat, a 13-mer oligonucleotide that is covalently modified with lipid extensions, competitively inhibits telomerase enzymatic activity. It has been shown to inhibit megakaryocytic proliferation in vitro in cells obtained from patients with essential thrombocythemia. In this phase 2 study, we investigated whether imetelstat could elicit hematologic and molecular responses in patients with essential thrombocythemia who had not had a response to or who had had unacceptable side effects from prior therapies. METHODS A total of 18 patients in two sequential cohorts received an initial dose of 7.5 or 9.4 mg of imetelstat per kilogram of body weight intravenously once a week until attainment of a platelet count of approximately 250,000 to 300,000 per cubic millimeter. The primary end point was the best hematologic response. RESULTS Imetelstat induced hematologic responses in all 18 patients, and 16 patients (89%) had a complete hematologic response. At the time of the primary analysis, 10 patients were still receiving treatment, with a median follow-up of 17 months (range, 7 to 32 [ongoing]). Molecular responses were seen in 7 of 8 patients who were positive for the JAK2 V617F mutation (88%; 95% confidence interval, 47 to 100). CALR and MPL mutant allele burdens were also reduced by 15 to 66%. The most common adverse events during treatment were mild to moderate in severity; neutropenia of grade 3 or higher occurred in 4 of the 18 patients (22%) and anemia, headache, and syncope of grade 3 or higher each occurred in 2 patients (11%). All the patients had at least one abnormal liver-function value; all persistent elevations were grade 1 or 2 in severity. CONCLUSIONS Rapid and durable hematologic and molecular responses were observed in patients with essential thrombocythemia who received imetelstat. (Funded by Geron; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01243073.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Baerlocher
- From the Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (G.M.B., E.O.L., M.D.); the Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (O.G.O.); Upstate Oncology Associates, Greenville, SC (G.S.); the Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago (O.O.); the Divisions of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (M.A.M.); the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany (A.R.); and Geron, Menlo Park (B.B., M.S.), and the Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Duarte (D.S.S.) - both in California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|