1
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Cao R, Thatavarty A, King KY. Forged in the fire: Lasting impacts of inflammation on hematopoietic progenitors. Exp Hematol 2024; 134:104215. [PMID: 38580008 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Quiescence and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) can be modified by systemic inflammatory cues. Such cues can not only yield short-term changes in HSPCs such as in supporting emergency granulopoiesis but can also promote lasting influences on the HSPC compartment. First, inflammation can be a driver for clonal expansion, promoting clonal hematopoiesis for certain mutant clones, reducing overall clonal diversity, and reshaping the composition of the HSPC pool with significant health consequences. Second, inflammation can generate lasting cell-autonomous changes in HSPCs themselves, leading to changes in the epigenetic state, metabolism, and function of downstream innate immune cells. This concept, termed "trained immunity," suggests that inflammatory stimuli can alter subsequent immune responses leading to improved innate immunity or, conversely, autoimmunity. Both of these concepts have major implications in human health. Here we reviewed current literature about the lasting effects of inflammation on the HSPC compartment and opportunities for future advancement in this fast-developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqiong Cao
- Department of Pediatrics - Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Apoorva Thatavarty
- Department of Pediatrics - Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Katherine Y King
- Department of Pediatrics - Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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2
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Almotiri A, Abdelfattah A, Storch E, Stemmler MP, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Rodrigues NP. Zeb1 maintains long-term adult hematopoietic stem cell function and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2024; 134:104177. [PMID: 38336135 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factor Zeb1 as a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation. Whether Zeb1 regulates long-term maintenance of HSC function remains an open question. Using an inducible Mx-1-Cre mouse model that deletes conditional Zeb1 alleles in the adult hematopoietic system, we found that mice engineered to be deficient in Zeb1 for 32 weeks displayed expanded immunophenotypically defined adult HSCs and multipotent progenitors associated with increased abundance of lineage-biased/balanced HSC subsets and augmented cell survival characteristics. During hematopoietic differentiation, persistent Zeb1 loss increased B cells in the bone marrow and spleen and decreased monocyte generation in the peripheral blood. In competitive transplantation experiments, we found that HSCs from adult mice with long-term Zeb1 deletion displayed a cell autonomous defect in multilineage differentiation capacity. Long-term Zeb1 loss perturbed extramedullary hematopoiesis characterized by increased splenic weight and a paradoxical reduction in splenic cellularity that was accompanied by HSC exhaustion, lineage-specific defects, and an accumulation of aberrant, preleukemic like c-kit+CD16/32+ progenitors. Loss of Zeb1 for up to 42 weeks can lead to progressive splenomegaly and an accumulation of Gr-1+Mac-1+ cells, further supporting the notion that long-term expression of Zeb1 suppresses preleukemic activity. Thus, sustained Zeb1 deletion disrupts HSC functionality in vivo and impairs regulation of extramedullary hematopoiesis with potential implications for tumor suppressor functions of Zeb1 in myeloid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhomidi Almotiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia; European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ali Abdelfattah
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Elis Storch
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK.
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3
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Nakayama Y, Fujiu K, Oshima T, Matsuda J, Sugita J, Matsubara TJ, Liu Y, Goto K, Kani K, Uchida R, Takeda N, Morita H, Xiao Y, Hayashi M, Maru Y, Hasumi E, Kojima T, Ishiguro S, Kijima Y, Yachie N, Yamazaki S, Yamamoto R, Kudo F, Nakanishi M, Iwama A, Fujiki R, Kaneda A, Ohara O, Nagai R, Manabe I, Komuro I. Heart failure promotes multimorbidity through innate immune memory. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eade3814. [PMID: 38787963 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Patients with heart failure (HF) often experience repeated acute decompensation and develop comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease and frailty syndrome. Although this suggests pathological interaction among comorbidities, the mechanisms linking them are poorly understood. Here, we identified alterations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as a critical driver of recurrent HF and associated comorbidities. Bone marrow transplantation from HF-experienced mice resulted in spontaneous cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in recipient mice, as well as increased vulnerability to kidney and skeletal muscle insults. HF enhanced the capacity of HSCs to generate proinflammatory macrophages. In HF mice, global chromatin accessibility analysis and single-cell RNA-seq showed that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling was suppressed in HSCs, which corresponded with repressed sympathetic nervous activity in bone marrow. Transplantation of bone marrow from mice in which TGF-β signaling was inhibited similarly exacerbated cardiac dysfunction. Collectively, these results suggest that cardiac stress modulates the epigenome of HSCs, which in turn alters their capacity to generate cardiac macrophage subpopulations. This change in HSCs may be a common driver of repeated HF events and comorbidity by serving as a key carrier of "stress memory."
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiteru Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Cardiology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Oshima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Matsuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Goto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Uchida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Cardiology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingda Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Maru
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Hasumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kojima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soh Ishiguro
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yusuke Kijima
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yachie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Synthetic Biology Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fujimi Kudo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mio Nakanishi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fujiki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Systems Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Frontier Cardiovascular Science, Graduate School of Tokyo, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Herr LM, Schaffer ED, Fuchs KF, Datta A, Brosh RM. Replication stress as a driver of cellular senescence and aging. Commun Biol 2024; 7:616. [PMID: 38777831 PMCID: PMC11111458 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress refers to slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis that disrupts faithful copying of the genome. While long considered a nexus for DNA damage, the role of replication stress in aging is under-appreciated. The consequential role of replication stress in promotion of organismal aging phenotypes is evidenced by an extensive list of hereditary accelerated aging disorders marked by molecular defects in factors that promote replication fork progression and operate uniquely in the replication stress response. Additionally, recent studies have revealed cellular pathways and phenotypes elicited by replication stress that align with designated hallmarks of aging. Here we review recent advances demonstrating the role of replication stress as an ultimate driver of cellular senescence and aging. We discuss clinical implications of the intriguing links between cellular senescence and aging including application of senotherapeutic approaches in the context of replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Herr
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan D Schaffer
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Fuchs
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Watanuki S, Kobayashi H, Sugiura Y, Yamamoto M, Karigane D, Shiroshita K, Sorimachi Y, Morikawa T, Fujita S, Shide K, Haraguchi M, Tamaki S, Mikawa T, Kondoh H, Nakano H, Sumiyama K, Nagamatsu G, Goda N, Okamoto S, Nakamura-Ishizu A, Shimoda K, Suematsu M, Suda T, Takubo K. SDHAF1 confers metabolic resilience to aging hematopoietic stem cells by promoting mitochondrial ATP production. Cell Stem Cell 2024:S1934-5909(24)00176-0. [PMID: 38772377 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Aging generally predisposes stem cells to functional decline, impairing tissue homeostasis. Here, we report that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) acquire metabolic resilience that promotes cell survival. High-resolution real-time ATP analysis with glucose tracing and metabolic flux analysis revealed that old HSCs reprogram their metabolism to activate the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), becoming more resistant to oxidative stress and less dependent on glycolytic ATP production at steady state. As a result, old HSCs can survive without glycolysis, adapting to the physiological cytokine environment in bone marrow. Mechanistically, old HSCs enhance mitochondrial complex II metabolism during stress to promote ATP production. Furthermore, increased succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 1 (SDHAF1) in old HSCs, induced by physiological low-concentration thrombopoietin (TPO) exposure, enables rapid mitochondrial ATP production upon metabolic stress, thereby improving survival. This study provides insight into the acquisition of resilience through metabolic reprogramming in old HSCs and its molecular basis to ameliorate age-related hematopoietic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Watanuki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Cell Fate Biology and Stem Cell Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Research Promotion and Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Daiki Karigane
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Shiroshita
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sorimachi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morikawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujita
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shide
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Miho Haraguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shinpei Tamaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takumi Mikawa
- Geriatric Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Geriatric Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Go Nagamatsu
- Center for Advanced Assisted Reproductive Technologies, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Goda
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Department of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental Medicine and Life Science, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Cell Fate Biology and Stem Cell Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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6
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Scherer M, Singh I, Braun M, Szu-Tu C, Kardorff M, Rühle J, Frömel R, Beneyto-Calabuig S, Raffel S, Rodriguez-Fraticelli A, Velten L. Somatic epimutations enable single-cell lineage tracing in native hematopoiesis across the murine and human lifespan. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587514. [PMID: 38617287 PMCID: PMC11014487 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Current approaches to lineage tracing of stem cell clones require genetic engineering or rely on sparse somatic DNA variants, which are difficult to capture at single-cell resolution. Here, we show that targeted single-cell measurements of DNA methylation at single-CpG resolution deliver joint information about cellular differentiation state and clonal identities. We develop EPI-clone, a droplet-based method for transgene-free lineage tracing, and apply it to study hematopoiesis, capturing hundreds of clonal trajectories across almost 100,000 single-cells. Using ground-truth genetic barcodes, we demonstrate that EPI-clone accurately identifies clonal lineages throughout hematopoietic differentiation. Applied to unperturbed hematopoiesis, we describe an overall decline of clonal complexity during murine ageing and the expansion of rare low-output stem cell clones. In aged human donors, we identified expanded hematopoietic clones with and without genetic lesions, and various degrees of clonal complexity. Taken together, EPI-clone enables accurate and transgene-free single-cell lineage tracing at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Scherer
- Computational Biology and Health Genomics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Indranil Singh
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martina Braun
- Computational Biology and Health Genomics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chelsea Szu-Tu
- Computational Biology and Health Genomics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Kardorff
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Rühle
- Computational Biology and Health Genomics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Frömel
- Computational Biology and Health Genomics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Beneyto-Calabuig
- Computational Biology and Health Genomics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simon Raffel
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alejo Rodriguez-Fraticelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Velten
- Computational Biology and Health Genomics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Kapadia CD, Goodell MA. Tissue mosaicism following stem cell aging: blood as an exemplar. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:295-308. [PMID: 38438628 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Loss of stem cell regenerative potential underlies aging of all tissues. Somatic mosaicism, the emergence of cellular patchworks within tissues, increases with age and has been observed in every organ yet examined. In the hematopoietic system, as in most tissues, stem cell aging through a variety of mechanisms occurs in lockstep with the emergence of somatic mosaicism. Here, we draw on insights from aging hematopoiesis to illustrate fundamental principles of stem cell aging and somatic mosaicism. We describe the generalizable changes intrinsic to aged stem cells and their milieu that provide the backdrop for somatic mosaicism to emerge. We discuss genetic and nongenetic mechanisms that can result in tissue somatic mosaicism and existing methodologies to detect such clonal outgrowths. Finally, we propose potential avenues to modify mosaicism during aging, with the ultimate aim of increasing tissue resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiraag D Kapadia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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Mansell E, Lin DS, Loughran SJ, Milsom MD, Trowbridge JJ. New insight into the causes, consequences, and correction of hematopoietic stem cell aging. Exp Hematol 2023; 125-126:1-5. [PMID: 37433369 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is characterized by lineage bias, increased clonal expansion, and functional decrease. At the molecular level, aged HSCs typically display metabolic dysregulation, upregulation of inflammatory pathways, and downregulation of DNA repair pathways. Cellular aging of HSCs, driven by cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors, causes a predisposition to anemia, adaptive immune compromise, myelodys, plasia, and malignancy. Most hematologic diseases are strongly associated with age. But what is the biological foundation for decreased fitness with age? And are there therapeutic windows to resolve age-related hematopoietic decline? These questions were the focus of the International Society for Experimental Hematology (ISEH) New Investigator Committee Fall 2022 Webinar. This review touches on the latest insights from two leading laboratories into inflammatory- and niche-driven stem cell aging and includes speculation on strategies to prevent or correct age-related decline in HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Mansell
- Erasmus MC Hematology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Dawn S Lin
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Loughran
- Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Michael D Milsom
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Experimental Hematology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Yang F, Nourse C, Helgason GV, Kirschner K. Unraveling Heterogeneity in the Aging Hematopoietic Stem Cell Compartment: An Insight From Single-cell Approaches. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e895. [PMID: 37304939 PMCID: PMC10256339 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific cell types and, therefore, organs respond differently during aging. This is also true for the hematopoietic system, where it has been demonstrated that hematopoietic stem cells alter a variety of features, such as their metabolism, and accumulate DNA damage, which can lead to clonal outgrowth over time. In addition, profound changes in the bone marrow microenvironment upon aging lead to senescence in certain cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells and result in increased inflammation. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to pinpoint the molecular drivers of organismal aging gained from bulk approaches, such as RNA sequencing. A better understanding of the heterogeneity underlying the aging process in the hematopoietic compartment is, therefore, needed. With the advances of single-cell technologies in recent years, it is now possible to address fundamental questions of aging. In this review, we discuss how single-cell approaches can and indeed are already being used to understand changes observed during aging in the hematopoietic compartment. We will touch on established and novel methods for flow cytometric detection, single-cell culture approaches, and single-cell omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Nourse
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - G. Vignir Helgason
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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10
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Khattab A, Patruni S, Patrus G, Samhouri Y, Fazal S, Lister J. Donor Cell Leukemia Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Hematol 2023; 12:138-144. [PMID: 37435412 PMCID: PMC10332864 DOI: 10.14740/jh1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25,000 allogeneic transplants are performed annually worldwide; a figure that has steadily increased over the past three decades. The study of transplant recipient survivorship has become a cogent topic and post-transplant donor cell pathology warrants further study. Donor cell leukemia (DCL) is a rare but serious complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) where the recipient develops a form leukemia originating from the donor cells used for transplantation. Detection of abnormalities predicting donor cell pathology might inform donor selection, and the design of survivorship programs for early detection of these abnormalities might allow therapeutic intervention earlier in the disease course. We present four recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) from our institution who developed donor cell abnormalities allogeneic SCT, highlighting their clinical characteristics and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khattab
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Sunita Patruni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Gina Patrus
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yazan Samhouri
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Salman Fazal
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Lister
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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11
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Jang G, Contreras Castillo S, Esteva E, Upadhaya S, Feng J, Adams NM, Richard E, Awatramani R, Sawai CM, Reizis B. Stem cell decoupling underlies impaired lymphoid development during aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302019120. [PMID: 37216517 PMCID: PMC10236001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302019120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian aging is associated with multiple defects of hematopoiesis, most prominently with the impaired development of T and B lymphocytes. This defect is thought to originate in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of the bone marrow, specifically due to the age-dependent accumulation of HSCs with preferential megakaryocytic and/or myeloid potential ("myeloid bias"). Here, we tested this notion using inducible genetic labeling and tracing of HSCs in unmanipulated animals. We found that the endogenous HSC population in old mice shows reduced differentiation into all lineages including lymphoid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic. Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunophenotyping (CITE-Seq) showed that HSC progeny in old animals comprised balanced lineage spectrum including lymphoid progenitors. Lineage tracing using the aging-induced HSC marker Aldh1a1 confirmed the low contribution of old HSCs across all lineages. Competitive transplantations of total bone marrow cells with genetically marked HSCs revealed that the contribution of old HSCs was reduced, but compensated by other donor cells in myeloid cells but not in lymphocytes. Thus, the HSC population in old animals becomes globally decoupled from hematopoiesis, which cannot be compensated in lymphoid lineages. We propose that this partially compensated decoupling, rather than myeloid bias, is the primary cause of the selective impairment of lymphopoiesis in older mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunhyo Jang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | | | - Eduardo Esteva
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Samik Upadhaya
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Jue Feng
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Nicholas M. Adams
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Elodie Richard
- INSERM Unit 1312 Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux33076Bordeaux, France
| | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Catherine M. Sawai
- INSERM Unit 1312 Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux33076Bordeaux, France
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
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12
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Konturek-Ciesla A, Dhapola P, Zhang Q, Säwén P, Wan H, Karlsson G, Bryder D. Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112304. [PMID: 36961818 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging negatively affects hematopoiesis, with consequences for immunity and acquired blood cell disorders. Although impairments in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function contribute to this, the in vivo dynamics of such changes remain obscure. Here, we integrate extensive longitudinal functional assessments of HSC-specific lineage tracing with single-cell transcriptome and epitope profiling. In contrast to recent suggestions from single-cell RNA sequencing alone, our data favor a defined structure of HSC/progenitor differentiation that deviates substantially from HSC-derived hematopoiesis following transplantation. Native age-dependent attrition in HSC differentiation manifests as drastically reduced lymphoid output through an early lymphoid-primed progenitor (MPP Ly-I). While in vitro activation fails to rescue lymphoid differentiation from most aged HSCs, robust lymphopoiesis can be achieved by culturing elevated numbers of candidate HSCs. Therefore, our data position rare chronologically aged HSC clones, fully competent at producing lymphoid offspring, as a prime target for approaches aimed to improve lymphopoiesis in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konturek-Ciesla
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Parashar Dhapola
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Qinyu Zhang
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Säwén
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Haixia Wan
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Karlsson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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13
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Urbanus J, Cosgrove J, Beltman JB, Elhanati Y, Moral RA, Conrad C, van Heijst JW, Tubeuf E, Velds A, Kok L, Merle C, Magnusson JP, Guyonnet L, Frisén J, Fre S, Walczak AM, Mora T, Jacobs H, Schumacher TN, Perié L. DRAG in situ barcoding reveals an increased number of HSPCs contributing to myelopoiesis with age. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2184. [PMID: 37069150 PMCID: PMC10110593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with changes in the cellular composition of the immune system. During ageing, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that produce immune cells are thought to decline in their regenerative capacity. However, HSPC function has been mostly assessed using transplantation assays, and it remains unclear how HSPCs age in the native bone marrow niche. To address this issue, we present an in situ single cell lineage tracing technology to quantify the clonal composition and cell production of single cells in their native niche. Our results demonstrate that a pool of HSPCs with unequal output maintains myelopoiesis through overlapping waves of cell production throughout adult life. During ageing, the increased frequency of myeloid cells is explained by greater numbers of HSPCs contributing to myelopoiesis rather than the increased myeloid output of individual HSPCs. Strikingly, the myeloid output of HSPCs remains constant over time despite accumulating significant transcriptomic changes throughout adulthood. Together, these results show that, unlike emergency myelopoiesis post-transplantation, aged HSPCs in their native microenvironment do not functionally decline in their regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Urbanus
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason Cosgrove
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Joost B Beltman
- Division of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rafael A Moral
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Cecile Conrad
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jeroen W van Heijst
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Tubeuf
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Arno Velds
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Kok
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Candice Merle
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France
| | - Jens P Magnusson
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Léa Guyonnet
- Cytometry Platform, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Silvia Fre
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France
| | - Aleksandra M Walczak
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure (PSL University), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Mora
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure (PSL University), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Leïla Perié
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France.
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14
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Abstract
Organ development and homeostasis involve dynamic interactions between individual cells that collectively regulate tissue architecture and function. To ensure the highest tissue fidelity, equally fit cell populations are continuously renewed by stochastic replacement events, while cells perceived as less fit are actively removed by their fitter counterparts. This renewal is mediated by surveillance mechanisms that are collectively known as cell competition. Recent studies have revealed that cell competition has roles in most, if not all, developing and adult tissues. They have also established that cell competition functions both as a tumour-suppressive mechanism and as a tumour-promoting mechanism, thereby critically influencing cancer initiation and development. This Review discusses the latest insights into the mechanisms of cell competition and its different roles during embryonic development, homeostasis and cancer.
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15
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Shin TH, Zhou Y, Chen S, Cordes S, Grice MZ, Fan X, Lee BC, Aljanahi AA, Hong SG, Vaughan KL, Mattison JA, Kohama SG, Fabre MA, Uchida N, Demirci S, Corat MA, Métais JY, Calvo KR, Buscarlet M, Natanson H, McGraw KL, List AF, Busque L, Tisdale JF, Vassiliou GS, Yu KR, Dunbar CE. A macaque clonal hematopoiesis model demonstrates expansion of TET2-disrupted clones and utility for testing interventions. Blood 2022; 140:1774-1789. [PMID: 35714307 PMCID: PMC9837449 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with age-related clonal hematopoiesis (CH) are at greater risk for hematologic malignancies and cardiovascular diseases. However, predictive preclinical animal models to recapitulate the spectrum of human CH are lacking. Through error-corrected sequencing of 56 human CH/myeloid malignancy genes, we identified natural CH driver mutations in aged rhesus macaques matching genes somatically mutated in human CH, with DNMT3A mutations being the most frequent. A CH model in young adult macaques was generated via autologous transplantation of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated gene-edited hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), targeting the top human CH genes with loss-of-function (LOF) mutations. Long-term follow-up revealed reproducible and significant expansion of multiple HSPC clones with heterozygous TET2 LOF mutations, compared with minimal expansion of clones bearing other mutations. Although the blood counts of these CH macaques were normal, their bone marrows were hypercellular and myeloid-predominant. TET2-disrupted myeloid colony-forming units isolated from these animals showed a distinct hyperinflammatory gene expression profile compared with wild type. In addition, mature macrophages purified from the CH macaques showed elevated NLRP3 inflammasome activity and increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 production. The model was used to test the impact of IL-6 blockage by tocilizumab, documenting a slowing of TET2-mutated expansion, suggesting that interruption of the IL-6 axis may remove the selective advantage of mutant HSPCs. These findings provide a model for examining the pathophysiology of CH and give insights into potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley Chen
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Stefan Cordes
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Max Z. Grice
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Xing Fan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Aisha A. Aljanahi
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Kelli L. Vaughan
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH Animal Center, Dickerson, MD
| | - Julie A. Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH Animal Center, Dickerson, MD
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Margarete A. Fabre
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marcus A.F. Corat
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jean-Yves Métais
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Katherine R. Calvo
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Manuel Buscarlet
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hannah Natanson
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Kathy L. McGraw
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Lambert Busque
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - George S. Vassiliou
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kyung-Rok Yu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cynthia E. Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
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16
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Ganuza M, Hall T, Myers J, Nevitt C, Sánchez-Lanzas R, Chabot A, Ding J, Kooienga E, Caprio C, Finkelstein D, Kang G, Obeng E, McKinney-Freeman S. Murine foetal liver supports limited detectable expansion of life-long haematopoietic progenitors. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1475-1486. [PMID: 36202972 PMCID: PMC10026622 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Current dogma asserts that the foetal liver (FL) is an expansion niche for recently specified haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during ontogeny. Indeed, between embryonic day of development (E)12.5 and E14.5, the number of transplantable HSCs in the murine FL expands from 50 to about 1,000. Here we used a non-invasive, multi-colour lineage tracing strategy to interrogate the embryonic expansion of murine haematopoietic progenitors destined to contribute to the adult HSC pool. Our data show that this pool of fated progenitors expands only two-fold during FL ontogeny. Although Histone2B-GFP retention in vivo experiments confirmed substantial proliferation of phenotypic FL-HSC between E12.5 and E14.5, paired-daughter cell assays revealed that many mid-gestation phenotypic FL-HSCs are biased to differentiate, rather than self-renew, relative to phenotypic neonatal and adult bone marrow HSCs. In total, these data support a model in which the FL-HSC pool fated to contribute to adult blood expands only modestly during ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ganuza
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Trent Hall
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Myers
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chris Nevitt
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Lanzas
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ashley Chabot
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Emilia Kooienga
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Claire Caprio
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Esther Obeng
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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17
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Clonal Hematopoiesis: Role in Hematologic and Non-Hematologic Malignancies. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2022; 14:e2022069. [PMID: 36119457 PMCID: PMC9448266 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2022.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ensure the coordinated and balanced production of all hematopoietic cell types throughout life. Aging is associated with a gradual decline of the self-renewal and regenerative potential of HSCs and with the development of clonal hematopoiesis. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) defines the clonal expansion of genetically variant hematopoietic cells bearing one or more gene mutations and/or structural variants (such as copy number alterations). CHIP increases exponentially with age and is associated with cancers, including hematologic neoplasia, cardiovascular and other diseases. The presence of CHIP consistently increases the risk of hematologic malignancy, particularly in individuals who have CHIP in association with peripheral blood cytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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18
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Fujino T, Asada S, Goyama S, Kitamura T. Mechanisms involved in hematopoietic stem cell aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:473. [PMID: 35941268 PMCID: PMC11072869 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo progressive functional decline over time due to both internal and external stressors, leading to aging of the hematopoietic system. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HSC aging will be valuable in developing novel therapies for HSC rejuvenation and to prevent the onset of several age-associated diseases and hematological malignancies. This review considers the general causes of HSC aging that range from cell-intrinsic factors to cell-extrinsic factors. In particular, epigenetics and inflammation have been implicated in the linkage of HSC aging, clonality, and oncogenesis. The challenges in clarifying mechanisms of HSC aging have accelerated the development of therapeutic interventions to rejuvenate HSCs, the major goal of aging research; these details are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujino
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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19
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Specification of hematopoietic stem cells in mammalian embryos: a rare or frequent event? Blood 2022; 140:309-320. [PMID: 35737920 PMCID: PMC9335503 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the blood-forming stem cells thought to be responsible for supporting the blood system throughout life. Transplantability has long been the flagship assay used to define and characterize HSCs throughout ontogeny. However, it has recently become clear that many cells emerge during ontogeny that lack transplantability yet nevertheless are fated to ultimately contribute to the adult HSC pool. Here, we explore recent advances in understanding the numbers and kinetics of cells that emerge during development to support lifelong hematopoiesis; these advances are made possible by new technologies allowing interrogation of lifelong blood potential without embryo perturbation or transplantation. Illuminating the dynamics of these cells during normal development informs efforts to better understand the origins of hematologic disease and engineer HSCs from differentiating pluripotent stem cells.
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20
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Inflammatory exposure drives long-lived impairment of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal activity and accelerated aging. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1273-1284.e8. [PMID: 35858618 PMCID: PMC9357150 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) mediate regeneration of the hematopoietic system following injury, such as following infection or inflammation. These challenges impair HSC function, but whether this functional impairment extends beyond the duration of inflammatory exposure is unknown. Unexpectedly, we observed an irreversible depletion of functional HSCs following challenge with inflammation or bacterial infection, with no evidence of any recovery up to 1 year afterward. HSCs from challenged mice demonstrated multiple cellular and molecular features of accelerated aging and developed clinically relevant blood and bone marrow phenotypes not normally observed in aged laboratory mice but commonly seen in elderly humans. In vivo HSC self-renewal divisions were absent or extremely rare during both challenge and recovery periods. The progressive, irreversible attrition of HSC function demonstrates that temporally discrete inflammatory events elicit a cumulative inhibitory effect on HSCs. This work positions early/mid-life inflammation as a mediator of lifelong defects in tissue maintenance and regeneration.
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21
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Mitchell E, Spencer Chapman M, Williams N, Dawson KJ, Mende N, Calderbank EF, Jung H, Mitchell T, Coorens THH, Spencer DH, Machado H, Lee-Six H, Davies M, Hayler D, Fabre MA, Mahbubani K, Abascal F, Cagan A, Vassiliou GS, Baxter J, Martincorena I, Stratton MR, Kent DG, Chatterjee K, Parsy KS, Green AR, Nangalia J, Laurenti E, Campbell PJ. Clonal dynamics of haematopoiesis across the human lifespan. Nature 2022; 606:343-350. [PMID: 35650442 PMCID: PMC9177428 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-related change in human haematopoiesis causes reduced regenerative capacity1, cytopenias2, immune dysfunction3 and increased risk of blood cancer4-6, but the reason for such abrupt functional decline after 70 years of age remains unclear. Here we sequenced 3,579 genomes from single cell-derived colonies of haematopoietic cells across 10 human subjects from 0 to 81 years of age. Haematopoietic stem cells or multipotent progenitors (HSC/MPPs) accumulated a mean of 17 mutations per year after birth and lost 30 base pairs per year of telomere length. Haematopoiesis in adults less than 65 years of age was massively polyclonal, with high clonal diversity and a stable population of 20,000-200,000 HSC/MPPs contributing evenly to blood production. By contrast, haematopoiesis in individuals aged over 75 showed profoundly decreased clonal diversity. In each of the older subjects, 30-60% of haematopoiesis was accounted for by 12-18 independent clones, each contributing 1-34% of blood production. Most clones had begun their expansion before the subject was 40 years old, but only 22% had known driver mutations. Genome-wide selection analysis estimated that between 1 in 34 and 1 in 12 non-synonymous mutations were drivers, accruing at constant rates throughout life, affecting more genes than identified in blood cancers. Loss of the Y chromosome conferred selective benefits in males. Simulations of haematopoiesis, with constant stem cell population size and constant acquisition of driver mutations conferring moderate fitness benefits, entirely explained the abrupt change in clonal structure in the elderly. Rapidly decreasing clonal diversity is a universal feature of haematopoiesis in aged humans, underpinned by pervasive positive selection acting on many more genes than currently identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mitchell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nicole Mende
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily F Calderbank
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - David H Spencer
- Department of Medicine, McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Megan Davies
- Cambridge Molecular Diagnostics, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Hayler
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Margarete A Fabre
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishnaa Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna Baxter
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - David G Kent
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony R Green
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Konturek-Ciesla A, Bryder D. Stem Cells, Hematopoiesis and Lineage Tracing: Transplantation-Centric Views and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903528. [PMID: 35573680 PMCID: PMC9091331 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An appropriate production of mature blood cells, or hematopoiesis, is essential for organismal health and homeostasis. In this developmental cascade, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiate into intermediate progenitor types, that subsequently give rise to the many distinct blood cell lineages. Here, we describe tools and methods that permit for temporal and native clonal-level HSC lineage tracing in the mouse, and that can now be combined with emerging single-cell molecular analyses. We integrate new insights derived from such experimental paradigms with past knowledge, which has predominantly been derived from transplantation-based approaches. Finally, we outline current knowledge and novel strategies derived from studies aimed to trace human HSC-derived hematopoiesis.
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23
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Gilchrist AE, Harley BA. Engineered Tissue Models to Replicate Dynamic Interactions within the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102130. [PMID: 34936239 PMCID: PMC8986554 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are the progenitors of the blood and immune system and represent the most widely used regenerative therapy. However, their rarity and limited donor base necessitate the design of ex vivo systems that support HSC expansion without the loss of long-term stem cell activity. This review describes recent advances in biomaterials systems to replicate features of the hematopoietic niche. Inspired by the native bone marrow, these instructive biomaterials provide stimuli and cues from cocultured niche-associated cells to support HSC encapsulation and expansion. Engineered systems increasingly enable study of the dynamic nature of the matrix and biomolecular environment as well as the role of cell-cell signaling (e.g., autocrine feedback vs paracrine signaling between dissimilar cells). The inherent coupling of material properties, biotransport of cell-secreted factors, and cell-mediated remodeling motivate dynamic biomaterial systems as well as characterization and modeling tools capable of evaluating a temporally evolving tissue microenvironment. Recent advances in HSC identification and tracking, model-based experimental design, and single-cell culture platforms facilitate the study of the effect of constellations of matrix, cell, and soluble factor signals on HSC fate. While inspired by the HSC niche, these tools are amenable to the broader stem cell engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E. Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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24
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Aging and Clonal Behavior of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041948. [PMID: 35216063 PMCID: PMC8878540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the only cell population that possesses both a self-renewing capacity and multipotency, and can give rise to all lineages of blood cells throughout an organism’s life. However, the self-renewal capacity of HSCs is not infinite, and cumulative evidence suggests that HSCs alter their function and become less active during organismal aging, leading ultimately to the disruption of hematopoietic homeostasis, such as anemia, perturbed immunity and increased propensity to hematological malignancies. Thus, understanding how HSCs alter their function during aging is a matter of critical importance to prevent or overcome these age-related changes in the blood system. Recent advances in clonal analysis have revealed the functional heterogeneity of murine HSC pools that is established upon development and skewed toward the clonal expansion of functionally poised HSCs during aging. In humans, next-generation sequencing has revealed age-related clonal hematopoiesis that originates from HSC subsets with acquired somatic mutations, and has highlighted it as a significant risk factor for hematological malignancies and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the current fate-mapping strategies that are used to track and visualize HSC clonal behavior during development or after stress. We then review the age-related changes in HSCs that can be inherited by daughter cells and act as a cellular memory to form functionally distinct clones. Altogether, we link aging of the hematopoietic system to HSC clonal evolution and discuss how HSC clones with myeloid skewing and low regenerative potential can be expanded during aging.
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25
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Chin DWL, Yoshizato T, Virding Culleton S, Grasso F, Barbachowska M, Ogawa S, Jacobsen SEW, Woll PS. Aged healthy mice acquire clonal hematopoiesis mutations. Blood 2022; 139:629-634. [PMID: 34665864 PMCID: PMC8832470 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chin and colleagues used detailed mutational analysis of aged mice and transplantation to evaluate the mouse as a model of clonal hematopoiesis (CH). Their data suggest that while murine hematopoietic stem cells acquire mutations in CH-associated genes when aged and CH clones can expand after transplantation (as in humans), these are rare events. Nevertheless, genetically manipulated murine models mimicking human CH are feasible and may prove useful in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Wai Loon Chin
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tetsuichi Yoshizato
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina Virding Culleton
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Grasso
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Barbachowska
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Petter S Woll
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Restoration of aged hematopoietic cells by their young counterparts through instructive microvesicles release. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23981-24016. [PMID: 34762598 PMCID: PMC8610119 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses the potential to reverse age-associated morbidity by establishing methods to restore the aged hematopoietic system. Parabiotic animal models indicated that young secretome could restore aged tissues, leading us to establish a heterochronic transwell system with aged mobilized peripheral blood (MPB), co-cultured with young MPB or umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells. Functional studies and omics approaches indicate that the miRNA cargo of microvesicles (MVs) restores the aged hematopoietic system. The in vitro findings were validated in immune deficient (NSG) mice carrying an aged hematopoietic system, improving aged hallmarks such as increased lymphoid:myeloid ratio, decreased inflammation and cellular senescence. Elevated MYC and E2F pathways, and decreased p53 were key to hematopoietic restoration. These processes require four restorative miRs that target the genes for transcription/differentiation, namely PAX and phosphatase PPMIF. These miRs when introduced in aged cells were sufficient to restore the aged hematopoietic system in NSG mice. The aged MPBs were the drivers of their own restoration, as evidenced by the changes from distinct baseline miR profiles in MPBs and UCB to comparable expressions after exposure to aged MPBs. Restorative natural killer cells eliminated dormant breast cancer cells in vivo, indicating the broad relevance of this cellular paradigm - preventing and reversing age-associated disorders such as clearance of early malignancies and enhanced responses to vaccine and infection.
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27
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Biermann M, Reya T. Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Regeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 14:cshperspect.a040774. [PMID: 34750175 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration is the remarkable process by which extremely rare, normally inactive cells of the bone marrow can replace an entire organ if called to do so by injury or harnessed by transplantation. HSC research is arguably the first quantitative single-cell science and the foundation of adult stem cell biology. Bone marrow transplant is the oldest and most refined technique of regenerative medicine. Here we review the intertwined history of the discovery of HSCs and bone marrow transplant, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of HSC self-renewal, and the use of HSCs and their derivatives for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Biermann
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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28
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Li Y, Magee JA. Transcriptional reprogramming in neonatal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2021; 101-102:25-33. [PMID: 34303776 PMCID: PMC8557639 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) undergo profound shifts in gene expression during the neonatal and juvenile stages of life. Temporal changes in HSC/HPC gene expression underlie concomitant changes in self-renewal capacity, lineage biases, and hematopoietic output. Moreover, they can modify disease phenotypes. For example, childhood leukemias have distinct driver mutation profiles relative to adult leukemias, and they may arise from distinct cells of origin. The putative relationship between neonatal HSC/HPC ontogeny and childhood blood disorders highlights the importance of understanding how, at a mechanistic level, HSCs transition from fetal to adult transcriptional states. In this perspective piece, we summarize recent work indicating that the transition is uncoordinated and imprecisely timed. We discuss implications of these findings, including mechanisms that might enable neonatal HSCs and HPCs to acquire adultlike properties over a drawn-out period, in lieu of precise gene regulatory networks. The transition from fetal to adult transcriptional programs coincides with a pulse of type I interferon signaling that activates many genes associated with the adultlike state. This pulse may sensitize HSCs/HPCs to mutations that drive leukemogenesis shortly after birth. If we can understand how developmental switches modulate HSC and HPC fate after birth-both under normal circumstances and in the setting of disease-causing mutations-we can potentially reprogram these switches to treat or prevent childhood leukemias.
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29
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Ramos CV, Martins VC. Cell competition in hematopoietic cells: Quality control in homeostasis and its role in leukemia. Dev Biol 2021; 475:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Guidi N, Marka G, Sakk V, Zheng Y, Florian MC, Geiger H. An aged bone marrow niche restrains rejuvenated hematopoietic stem cells. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1101-1106. [PMID: 33847429 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging-associated leukemia and aging-associated immune remodeling are in part caused by aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). An increase in the activity of the small RhoGTPase cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42) within HSCs causes aging of HSCs. Old HSCs, treated ex vivo with a specific inhibitor of Cdc42 activity termed CASIN, stay rejuvenated upon transplantation into young recipients. We determined in this study the influence of an aged niche on the function of ex vivo rejuvenated old HSCs, as the relative contribution of HSCs intrinsic mechanisms vs extrinsic mechanisms (niche) for aging of HSCs still remain unknown. Our results show that an aged niche restrains the function of ex vivo rejuvenated HSCs, which is at least in part linked to a low level of the cytokine osteopontin found in aged niches. The data imply that sustainable rejuvenation of the function of aged HSCs in vivo will need to address the influence of an aged niche on rejuvenated HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novella Guidi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gina Marka
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vadim Sakk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yi Zheng
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, CCHMC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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31
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To portray clonal evolution in blood cancer, count your stem cells. Blood 2021; 137:1862-1870. [PMID: 33512426 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal evolution, the process of expansion and diversification of mutated cells, plays an important role in cancer development, resistance, and relapse. Although clonal evolution is most often conceived of as driven by natural selection, recent studies uncovered that neutral evolution shapes clonal evolution in a significant proportion of solid cancers. In hematological malignancies, the interplay between neutral evolution and natural selection is also disputed. Because natural selection selects cells with a greater fitness, providing a growth advantage to some cells relative to others, the architecture of clonal evolution serves as indirect evidence to distinguish natural selection from neutral evolution and has been associated with different prognoses for the patient. Linear architecture, when the new mutant clone grows within the previous one, is characteristic of hematological malignancies and is typically interpreted as being driven by natural selection. Here, we discuss the role of natural selection and neutral evolution in the production of linear clonal architectures in hematological malignancies. Although it is tempting to attribute linear evolution to natural selection, we argue that a lower number of contributing stem cells accompanied by genetic drift can also result in a linear pattern of evolution, as illustrated by simulations of clonal evolution in hematopoietic stem cells. The number of stem cells contributing to long-term clonal evolution is not known in the pathological context, and we advocate that estimating these numbers in the context of cancer and aging is crucial to parsing out neutral evolution from natural selection, 2 processes that require different therapeutic strategies.
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32
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Serial transplantation unmasks galectin-9 contribution to tumor immune escape in the MB49 murine model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5227. [PMID: 33664349 PMCID: PMC7933353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of tumor immune escape are quite diverse and require specific approaches for their exploration in syngeneic tumor models. In several human malignancies, galectin-9 (gal-9) is suspected to contribute to the immune escape. However, in contrast with what has been done for the infiltrating cells, the contribution of gal-9 produced by malignant cells has never been demonstrated in an animal model. Therefore, we derived isogenic clones—either positive or negative for gal-9—from the MB49 murine bladder carcinoma cell line. A progressive and consistent reduction of tumor growth was observed when gal-9-KO cells were subjected to serial transplantations into syngeneic mice. In contrast, tumor growth was unaffected during parallel serial transplantations into nude mice, thus linking tumor inhibition to the enhancement of the immune response against gal-9-KO tumors. This stronger immune response was at least in part explained by changing patterns of response to interferon-γ. One consistent change was a more abundant production of CXCL10, a major inflammatory factor whose production is often induced by interferon-γ. Overall, these observations demonstrate for the first time that serial transplantation into syngeneic mice can be a valuable experimental approach for the exploration of novel mechanisms of tumor immune escape.
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33
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Horton PD, Dumbali SP, Bhanu KR, Diaz MF, Wenzel PL. Biomechanical Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Developing Embryo. CURRENT TISSUE MICROENVIRONMENT REPORTS 2021; 2:1-15. [PMID: 33937868 PMCID: PMC8087251 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-020-00027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The contribution of biomechanical forces to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development in the embryo is a relatively nascent area of research. Herein, we address the biomechanics of the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT), impact of force on organelles, and signaling triggered by extrinsic forces within the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM), the primary site of HSC emergence. RECENT FINDINGS Hemogenic endothelial cells undergo carefully orchestrated morphological adaptations during EHT. Moreover, expansion of the stem cell pool during embryogenesis requires HSC extravasation into the circulatory system and transit to the fetal liver, which is regulated by forces generated by blood flow. Findings from other cell types also suggest that forces external to the cell are sensed by the nucleus and mitochondria. Interactions between these organelles and the actin cytoskeleton dictate processes such as cell polarization, extrusion, division, survival, and differentiation. SUMMARY Despite challenges of measuring and modeling biophysical cues in the embryonic HSC niche, the past decade has revealed critical roles for mechanotransduction in governing HSC fate decisions. Lessons learned from the study of the embryonic hematopoietic niche promise to provide critical insights that could be leveraged for improvement in HSC generation and expansion ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina D. Horton
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sandeep P. Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krithikaa Rajkumar Bhanu
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miguel F. Diaz
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela L. Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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34
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Cordes S, Wu C, Dunbar CE. Clonal tracking of haematopoietic cells: insights and clinical implications. Br J Haematol 2021; 192:819-831. [PMID: 33216985 PMCID: PMC9927566 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput genomics have enabled the direct tracking of outputs from many cell types, greatly accelerating the study of developmental processes and tissue regeneration. The capacity for long-term self-renewal with multilineage differentiation potential characterises the cellular dynamics of a special set of developmental states that are critical for maintaining homeostasis. In haematopoiesis, the archetypal model for development, lineage-tracing experiments have elucidated the roles of haematopoietic stem cells to ongoing blood production and the importance of long-lived immune cells to immunological memory. An understanding of the biology and clonal dynamics of these cellular fates and states can provide clues to the response of haematopoiesis to ageing, the process of malignant transformation, and are key to designing more efficacious and durable clinical gene and cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cordes
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bethesda MD USA
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bethesda MD USA
| | - Cynthia E. Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bethesda MD USA
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35
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In vivo and ex vivo haematopoietic stem cell expansion. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 27:273-278. [PMID: 32452877 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by two key features: self-renewal ability and multilineage differentiation potential. Through these cellular activities, HSCs sustain blood and immune system homeostasis throughout life and can also reconstitute the entire haematopoietic system within a bone marrow ablated recipient. This approach of HSC transplantation is used clinically as a curative treatment option for numerous haematological diseases, both malignant and nonmalignant. RECENT FINDINGS Elucidation of the mechanism of HSC expansion represents a major focus within haematology. Here, we review the recent progress towards understanding HSC expansion in vivo and ex vivo, including a discussion of recent clonal transplantation assays and the development of novel ex vivo culture systems. SUMMARY Recent findings provide exciting promise for improving the safety and efficacy of current HSC-based therapies as well as for the development of new therapeutic paradigms.
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36
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Broxmeyer HE, Liu Y, Kapur R, Orschell CM, Aljoufi A, Ropa JP, Trinh T, Burns S, Capitano ML. Fate of Hematopoiesis During Aging. What Do We Really Know, and What are its Implications? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1020-1048. [PMID: 33145673 PMCID: PMC7609374 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing shift in demographics such that older persons will outnumber young persons in the coming years, and with it age-associated tissue attrition and increased diseases and disorders. There has been increased information on the association of the aging process with dysregulation of hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cells, and hematopoiesis. This review provides an extensive up-to date summary on the literature of aged hematopoiesis and HSCs placed in context of potential artifacts of the collection and processing procedure, that may not be totally representative of the status of HSCs in their in vivo bone marrow microenvironment, and what the implications of this are for understanding aged hematopoiesis. This review covers a number of interactive areas, many of which have not been adequately explored. There are still many unknowns and mechanistic insights to be elucidated to better understand effects of aging on the hematopoietic system, efforts that will take multidisciplinary approaches, and that could lead to means to ameliorate at least some of the dysregulation of HSCs and HPCs associated with the aging process. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arafat Aljoufi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - James P Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Thao Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Sarah Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA.
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37
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Yamamoto R, Nakauchi H. In vivo clonal analysis of aging hematopoietic stem cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111378. [PMID: 33022333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by two key features: Self-renewal ability and multilineage differentiation potential (multipotentiality). With aging, these key features gradually change. This is thought to be related to hematological diseases. However, clonal in vivo analysis assessing the potential of HSCs to differentiate along erythroid and platelet lineages ("five-lineage tracing") has not been performed in the aged bone marrow. By contrast, in young HSCs clonal in vivo analysis combined with five-lineage tracing has provided us with novel insights into HSC biology. Understanding HSC aging at the clonal level will help us to elucidate aging mechanisms and disease progression. We review recent progress towards understanding HSC aging at the clonal cell level in the transplantation setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamamoto
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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38
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Al Zouabi L, Bardin AJ. Stem Cell DNA Damage and Genome Mutation in the Context of Aging and Cancer Initiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036210. [PMID: 31932318 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells fuel tissue homeostasis and regeneration through their unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cells. Thus, their DNA provides instructions that impact the tissue as a whole. Since DNA is not an inert molecule, but rather dynamic, interacting with a myriad of chemical and physical factors, it encounters damage from both endogenous and exogenous sources. Damage to DNA introduces deviations from its normal intact structure and, if left unrepaired, may result in a genetic mutation. In turn, mutant genomes of stem and progenitor cells are inherited in cells of the lineage, thus eroding the genetic information that maintains homeostasis of the somatic cell population. Errors arising in stem and progenitor cells will have a substantially larger impact on the tissue in which they reside than errors occurring in postmitotic differentiated cells. Therefore, maintaining the integrity of genomic DNA within our stem cells is essential to protect the instructions necessary for rebuilding healthy tissues during homeostatic renewal. In this review, we will first discuss DNA damage arising in stem cells and cell- and tissue-intrinsic mechanisms that protect against harmful effects of this damage. Secondly, we will examine how erroneous DNA repair and persistent DNA damage in stem and progenitor cells impact stem cells and tissues in the context of cancer initiation and aging. Finally, we will discuss the use of invertebrate and vertebrate model systems to address unanswered questions on the role that DNA damage and mutation may play in aging and precancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Al Zouabi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, 75248 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris 6, France
| | - Allison J Bardin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, 75248 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris 6, France
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Pucella JN, Upadhaya S, Reizis B. The Source and Dynamics of Adult Hematopoiesis: Insights from Lineage Tracing. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:529-550. [PMID: 32580566 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-020520-114601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The generation of all blood cell lineages (hematopoiesis) is sustained throughout the entire life span of adult mammals. Studies using cell transplantation identified the self-renewing, multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as the source of hematopoiesis in adoptive hosts and delineated a hierarchy of HSC-derived progenitors that ultimately yield mature blood cells. However, much less is known about adult hematopoiesis as it occurs in native hosts, i.e., without transplantation. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of native hematopoiesis, focusing in particular on the application of genetic lineage tracing in mice. The emerging evidence has established HSCs as the major source of native hematopoiesis, helped to define the kinetics of HSC differentiation, and begun exploring native hematopoiesis in stress conditions such as aging and inflammation. Major outstanding questions about native hematopoiesis still remain, such as its clonal composition, the nature of lineage commitment, and the dynamics of the process in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N Pucella
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; , ,
| | - Samik Upadhaya
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; , ,
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; , ,
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40
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MicroRNAs in hematopoietic stem cell aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111281. [PMID: 32512019 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The functional decline that is observed in HSCs upon aging is attributed mainly to cell intrinsic factors that regulate quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation. MicroRNAs (miRs) have an indispensable role in the regulation of HSCs and have been shown to also regulate processes related to tissue aging in specific cell types. Here we discuss the role of miRs in the regulation of HSC self-renewal and differentiation throughout life and its implications for future research.
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Abstract
The self-renewal capacity of multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) supports blood system homeostasis throughout life and underlies the curative capacity of clinical HSC transplantation therapies. However, despite extensive characterization of the HSC state in the adult bone marrow and embryonic fetal liver, the mechanism of HSC self-renewal has remained elusive. This Review presents our current understanding of HSC self-renewal in vivo and ex vivo, and discusses important advances in ex vivo HSC expansion that are providing new biological insights and offering new therapeutic opportunities.
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Quantifying Hematopoietic Stem Cell Clonal Diversity by Selecting Informative Amplicon Barcodes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2153. [PMID: 32034234 PMCID: PMC7005852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are functionally and genetically diverse and this diversity decreases with age and disease. Numerous systems have been developed to quantify HSC diversity by genetic barcoding, but no framework has been established to empirically validate barcode sequences. Here we have developed an analytical framework, Selection of informative Amplicon Barcodes from Experimental Replicates (SABER), that identifies barcodes that are unique among a large set of experimental replicates. Amplicon barcodes were sequenced from the blood of 56 adult zebrafish divided into training and validation sets. Informative barcodes were identified and samples with a high fraction of informative barcodes were chosen by bootstrapping. There were 4.2 ± 1.8 barcoded HSC clones per sample in the training set and 3.5 ± 2.1 in the validation set (p = 0.3). SABER reproducibly quantifies functional HSCs and can accommodate a wide range of experimental group sizes. Future large-scale studies aiming to understand the mechanisms of HSC clonal evolution will benefit from this new approach to identifying informative amplicon barcodes.
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Ganuza M, Hall T, Obeng EA, McKinney-Freeman S. Clones assemble! The clonal complexity of blood during ontogeny and disease. Exp Hematol 2020; 83:35-47. [PMID: 32006606 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) govern the daily expansion and turnover of billions of specialized blood cells. Given their clinical utility, much effort has been made toward understanding the dynamics of hematopoietic production from this pool of stem cells. An understanding of hematopoietic stem cell clonal dynamics during blood ontogeny could yield important insights into hematopoietic regulation, especially during aging and repeated exposure to hematopoietic stress-insults that may predispose individuals to the development of hematopoietic disease. Here, we review the current state of research regarding the clonal complexity of the hematopoietic system during embryogenesis, adulthood, and hematologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ganuza
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Trent Hall
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Esther A Obeng
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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Scala S, Aiuti A. In vivo dynamics of human hematopoietic stem cells: novel concepts and future directions. Blood Adv 2019; 3:1916-1924. [PMID: 31239246 PMCID: PMC6595260 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the mechanisms and the cellular dynamics at the basis of human hematopoietic homeostasis has been a main focus for the scientific community since the discovery of a pool of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) capable of sustaining the hematopoietic output throughout life and after transplantation. Recently, new works shed light on the (1) differentiation paths, (2) size and replication rate of human HSC population at steady state, and (3) role of the distinct subpopulations comprising the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell reservoir after transplantation. These papers exploited cutting-edge technologies, including vector integration site clonal tracking, spontaneous mutations, and deep transcriptome profiling. Here we discuss the latest updates in human hematopoietic system biology and in vivo dynamics, highlighting novel concepts and common findings deriving from different approaches and the future directions of these studies. Taken together, this information contributed to partially resolving the complexity of the in vivo HSC behavior and has major implications for HSC transplantation and gene therapy as well as for the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget) and
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget) and
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Stem Cell Programme, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and
- Medical School, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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45
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Verovskaya EV, Dellorusso PV, Passegué E. Losing Sense of Self and Surroundings: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging and Leukemic Transformation. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:494-515. [PMID: 31109796 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to functional decline of the hematopoietic system, manifested by an increased incidence of hematological disease in the elderly. Deterioration of hematopoietic integrity with age originates in part from the degraded functionality of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we review recent findings identifying changes in metabolic programs and loss of epigenetic identity as major drivers of old HSC dysfunction and their role in promoting leukemia onset in the context of age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH). We discuss how inflammatory and growth signals from the aged bone marrow (BM) microenvironment contribute to cell-intrinsic HSC aging phenotypes and favor leukemia development. Finally, we address how metabolic, epigenetic, and inflammatory pathways could be targeted to enhance old HSC fitness and prevent leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia V Verovskaya
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paul V Dellorusso
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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46
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Loss of hematopoietic diversity with age. Blood 2019; 133:1921-1922. [PMID: 31048301 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2019-03-900902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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