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Wang W, Huang C, Zhang L, Yu L, Liu Y, Wang P, Xia R. MST1R-targeted therapy in the battle against gallbladder cancer. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:109. [PMID: 39210450 PMCID: PMC11363441 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01290-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is characterized by high mortality rate. Our study sought therapeutic candidates for GBC. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis identified significant upregulation of MST1R in GBC. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the MST1R inhibitor MGCD-265 effectively restrained GBC cell proliferation at lower concentrations. Additionally, it induced cycle arrest and apoptosis in GBC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mouse models exhibited that MGCD-265 treatment significantly diminished the proliferative capacity of GBC-SD cells. Transcriptomics sequencing revealed significant transcriptome alterations, with 200 transcripts upregulated and 883 downregulated. KEGG and GO analyses highlighted enrichment in processes like cell adhesion and pathways such as protein digestion and absorption. Downstream genes analysis identified JMJD6 upregulation post-MGCD-265 treatment. In vivo experiments confirmed that combining MGCD-265 with the JMJD6 inhibitor SKLB325 enhanced the anticancer effect against GBC. CONCLUSION Overall, targeting MST1R and its downstream genes, particularly combining MGCD-265 with SKLB325, holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yangming Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Puxiongzhi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Rongmu Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350003, China
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Fiskus W, Piel J, Collins M, Hentemann M, Cuglievan B, Mill CP, Birdwell CE, Das K, Davis JA, Hou H, Jain A, Malovannaya A, Kadia TM, Daver N, Sasaki K, Takahashi K, Hammond D, Reville PK, Wang J, Loghavi S, Sen R, Ruan X, Su X, Flores LB, DiNardo CD, Bhalla KN. BRG1/BRM inhibitor targets AML stem cells and exerts superior preclinical efficacy combined with BET or menin inhibitor. Blood 2024; 143:2059-2072. [PMID: 38437498 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT BRG1 (SMARCA4) and BRM (SMARCA2) are the mutually exclusive core ATPases of the chromatin remodeling BAF (BRG1/BRM-associated factor) complexes. They enable transcription factors/cofactors to access enhancers/promoter and modulate gene expressions responsible for cell growth and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem/progenitor cells. In AML with MLL1 rearrangement (MLL1r) or mutant NPM1 (mtNPM1), although menin inhibitor (MI) treatment induces clinical remissions, most patients either fail to respond or relapse, some harboring menin mutations. FHD-286 is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of BRG1/BRM under clinical development in AML. Present studies show that FHD-286 induces differentiation and lethality in AML cells with MLL1r or mtNPM1, concomitantly causing perturbed chromatin accessibility and repression of c-Myc, PU.1, and CDK4/6. Cotreatment with FHD-286 and decitabine, BET inhibitor (BETi) or MI, or venetoclax synergistically induced in vitro lethality in AML cells with MLL1r or mtNPM1. In models of xenografts derived from patients with AML with MLL1r or mtNPM1, FHD-286 treatment reduced AML burden, improved survival, and attenuated AML-initiating potential of stem-progenitor cells. Compared with each drug, cotreatment with FHD-286 and BETi, MI, decitabine, or venetoclax significantly reduced AML burden and improved survival, without inducing significant toxicity. These findings highlight the FHD-286-based combinations as a promising therapy for AML with MLL1r or mtNPM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Fiskus
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaberi Das
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - John A Davis
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hanxi Hou
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Tapan M Kadia
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Naval Daver
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Koji Sasaki
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Jian Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Xinjia Ruan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaoping Su
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lauren B Flores
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Kapil N Bhalla
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Wang J, Rong Q, Ye L, Fang B, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Zhou H, Wang D, He J, Cui Z, Zhang Q, Kang D, Hu L. Discovery of a Novel Orally Bioavailable FLT3-PROTAC Degrader for Efficient Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Overcoming Resistance of FLT3 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38655686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine receptor kinase 3 (FLT3) proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represent a promising approach to eliminate the resistance of FLT3 inhibitors. However, due to the poor druggability of PROTACs, the development of orally bioavailable FLT3-PROTACs faces great challenges. Herein, a novel orally bioavailable FLT3-ITD degrader A20 with excellent pharmacokinetic properties was discovered through reasonable design. A20 selectively inhibited the proliferation of FLT3-ITD mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and potently induced FLT3-ITD degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Notably, oral administration of A20 resulted in complete tumor regression on subcutaneous AML xenograft models. Furthermore, on systemic AML xenograft models, A20 could completely eliminate the CD45+CD33+ human leukemic cells in murine and significantly prolonged the survival time of mice. Most importantly, A20 exerted significantly improved antiproliferative activity against drug-resistant AML cells compared to existing FLT3 inhibitors. These findings suggested that A20 could serve as a promising drug candidate for relapsed or refractory AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Quanjin Rong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bingqian Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haikun Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jinting He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qijian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Di Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Giardina SF, Valdambrini E, Singh PK, Bacolod MD, Babu-Karunakaran G, Peel M, Warren JD, Barany F. Combinatorial Ubiquitination REal-time PROteolysis (CURE-PROs): A Modular Platform for Generating Reversible, Self-Assembling Bifunctional Targeted Degraders. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5473-5501. [PMID: 38554135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are bifunctional molecules that bring a target protein and an E3 ubiquitin ligase into proximity to append ubiquitin, thus directing target degradation. Although numerous PROTACs have entered clinical trials, their development remains challenging, and their large size can produce poor drug-like properties. To overcome these limitations, we have modified our Coferon platform to generate Combinatorial Ubiquitination REal-time PROteolysis (CURE-PROs). CURE-PROs are small molecule degraders designed to self-assemble through reversible bio-orthogonal linkers to form covalent heterodimers. By modifying known ligands for Cereblon, MDM2, VHL, and BRD with complementary phenylboronic acid and diol/catechol linkers, we have successfully created CURE-PROs that direct degradation of BRD4 both in vitro and in vivo. The combinatorial nature of our platform significantly reduces synthesis time and effort to identify the optimal linker length and E3 ligase partner to each target and is readily amenable to screening for new targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Giardina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Elena Valdambrini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Manny D Bacolod
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | | | - Michael Peel
- MRP Pharma LLC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - J David Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Francis Barany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
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5
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Monteith AJ, Ramsey HE, Silver AJ, Brown D, Greenwood D, Smith BN, Wise AD, Liu J, Olmstead SD, Watke J, Arrate MP, Gorska AE, Fuller L, Locasale JW, Stubbs MC, Rathmell JC, Savona MR. Lactate Utilization Enables Metabolic Escape to Confer Resistance to BET Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1101-1114. [PMID: 38285895 PMCID: PMC10984779 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Impairing the BET family coactivator BRD4 with small-molecule inhibitors (BETi) showed encouraging preclinical activity in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, dose-limiting toxicities and limited clinical activity dampened the enthusiasm for BETi as a single agent. BETi resistance in AML myeloblasts was found to correlate with maintaining mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that identifying the metabolic pathway sustaining mitochondrial integrity could help develop approaches to improve BETi efficacy. Herein, we demonstrated that mitochondria-associated lactate dehydrogenase allows AML myeloblasts to utilize lactate as a metabolic bypass to fuel mitochondrial respiration and maintain cellular viability. Pharmacologically and genetically impairing lactate utilization rendered resistant myeloblasts susceptible to BET inhibition. Low-dose combinations of BETi and oxamate, a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, reduced in vivo expansion of BETi-resistant AML in cell line and patient-derived murine models. These results elucidate how AML myeloblasts metabolically adapt to BETi by consuming lactate and demonstrate that combining BETi with inhibitors of lactate utilization may be useful in AML treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Lactate utilization allows AML myeloblasts to maintain metabolic integrity and circumvent antileukemic therapy, which supports testing of lactate utilization inhibitors in clinical settings to overcome BET inhibitor resistance in AML. See related commentary by Boët and Sarry, p. 950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Monteith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Haley E. Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander J. Silver
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Donovan Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dalton Greenwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brianna N. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ashley D. Wise
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah D. Olmstead
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jackson Watke
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria P. Arrate
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Agnieszka E. Gorska
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Londa Fuller
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason W. Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael R. Savona
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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6
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Birdwell CE, Fiskus W, Kadia TM, Mill CP, Sasaki K, Daver N, DiNardo CD, Pemmaraju N, Borthakur G, Davis JA, Das K, Sharma S, Horrigan S, Ruan X, Su X, Khoury JD, Kantarjian H, Bhalla KN. Preclinical efficacy of targeting epigenetic mechanisms in AML with 3q26 lesions and EVI1 overexpression. Leukemia 2024; 38:545-556. [PMID: 38086946 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
AML with chromosomal alterations involving 3q26 overexpresses the transcription factor (TF) EVI1, associated with therapy refractoriness and inferior overall survival in AML. Consistent with a CRISPR screen highlighting BRD4 dependency, treatment with BET inhibitor (BETi) repressed EVI1, LEF1, c-Myc, c-Myb, CDK4/6, and MCL1, and induced apoptosis of AML cells with 3q26 lesions. Tegavivint (TV, BC-2059), known to disrupt the binding of nuclear β-catenin and TCF7L2/LEF1 with TBL1, also inhibited co-localization of EVI1 with TBL1 and dose-dependently induced apoptosis in AML cell lines and patient-derived (PD) AML cells with 3q26.2 lesions. TV treatment repressed EVI1, attenuated enhancer activity at ERG, TCF7L2, GATA2 and MECOM loci, abolished interactions between MYC enhancers, repressing AML stemness while upregulating mRNA gene-sets of interferon/inflammatory response, TGF-β signaling and apoptosis-regulation. Co-treatment with TV and BETi or venetoclax induced synergistic in vitro lethality and reduced AML burden, improving survival of NSG mice harboring xenografts of AML with 3q26.2 lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Warren Fiskus
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tapan M Kadia
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher P Mill
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Koji Sasaki
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Naval Daver
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John A Davis
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kaberi Das
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Xinjia Ruan
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kapil N Bhalla
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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7
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Shen L, Wang B, Wang SP, Ji SK, Fu MJ, Wang SW, Hou WQ, Dai XJ, Liu HM. Combination Therapy and Dual-Target Inhibitors Based on LSD1: New Emerging Tools in Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:922-951. [PMID: 38214982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a transcriptional modulator that represses or activates target gene expression, is overexpressed in many cancer and causes imbalance in the expression of normal gene networks. Over two decades, numerous LSD1 inhibitors have been reported, especially some of which have entered clinical trials, including eight irreversible inhibitors (TCP, ORY-1001, GSK-2879552, INCB059872, IMG-7289, ORY-2001, TAK-418, and LH-1802) and two reversible inhibitors (CC-90011 and SP-2577). Most clinical LSD1 inhibitors demonstrated enhanced efficacy in combination with other agents. LSD1 multitarget inhibitors have also been reported, exampled by clinical dual LSD1/histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors 4SC-202 and JBI-802. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the combination of LSD1 inhibitors with various antitumor agents, as well as LSD1 multitarget inhibitors. Additionally, the challenges and future research directionsare also discussed, and we hope this review will provide new insight into the development of LSD1-targeted anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shen
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shao-Peng Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shi-Kun Ji
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Jie Fu
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Wu Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Qing Hou
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xing-Jie Dai
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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8
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Arslan Davulcu E, Oğuz MB, Kılıç E, Eşkazan AE. Treatment of anemia in myelofibrosis: focusing on novel therapeutic options. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:27-37. [PMID: 38073183 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2294324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myelofibrosis is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells, increased bone marrow fibrosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis, hepatosplenomegaly, abnormal cytokine production, and constitutional symptoms. These and many other factors contribute to the development of anemia in myelofibrosis patients. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes novel and promising treatments for anemia in myelofibrosis including transforming growth factor-β inhibitors luspatercept and KER-050, JAK inhibitors momelotinib, pacritinib, and jaktinib, BET inhibitors pelabresib and ABBV-744, antifibrotic PRM-151, BCL2/BCL-XL inhibitor navitoclax, and telomerase inhibitor imetelstat. EXPERT OPINION Standard approaches to treat myelofibrosis-related anemia have limited efficacy and are associated with toxicity. New drugs have shown positive results in myelofibrosis-associated anemia when used alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Arslan Davulcu
- Bakırkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Hematology Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Beyza Oğuz
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Kılıç
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emre Eşkazan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Duan B, Zhou X, Zhang X, Qiu F, Zhang S, Chen Y, Yang J, Wang J, Tan W. BRD4-binding enhancer promotes CRC progression by interacting with YY1 to activate the Wnt pathway through upregulation of TCF7L2. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115877. [PMID: 37879498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC), one of the most life-threatening cancer types, is associated with aberrant expression of epigenetic modifiers and activation of the Wnt pathway. However, the role of epigenetic regulators in driving cancer cell proliferation and their potential as therapeutic targets affecting the Wnt pathway remain unclear. In this study, BRD4 was found to promote the progression of CRC both in vitro and in vivo. The expression of BRD4 correlated with shortened CRC patient survival. In addition, BRD4 function was strongly correlated with the Wnt pathway, but rather through regulation of TCF7L2 at transcriptional levels. BRD4 and H3K27ac have overlapping occupancies in the cis-regulatory elements of TCF7L2, suggesting enhancer-based epigenetic regulation. Numerous YY1 binding sites were found in the abovementioned region. YY1 recruited BRD4 to bind to cis-regulatory elements of TCF7L2, thereby regulating the expression of TCF7L2. Altogether, this study validates that BRD4 performs a canonical epigenetic regulatory function in CRC and can be used in the treatment of Wnt pathway-dependent CRC or other malignancies with clinically available bromodomain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xuwei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fenglan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenfu Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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10
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Senapati J, Fiskus WC, Daver N, Wilson NR, Ravandi F, Garcia-Manero G, Kadia T, DiNardo CD, Jabbour E, Burger J, Short NJ, Alvarado Y, Jain N, Masarova L, Issa GC, Qiao W, Khoury JD, Pierce S, Miller D, Sasaki K, Konopleva M, Bhalla KN, Borthakur G, Pemmaraju N. Phase I Results of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Inhibitor PLX51107 in Combination with Azacitidine in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Myeloid Malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4352-4360. [PMID: 37585491 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains dismal. On the basis of both extensive preclinical data and emerging clinical data, treatment with bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitors (BETi) is a potential approach for patients with high-risk myeloid malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a phase I trial to study the safety and efficacy of PLX51107 (BETi) and azacitidine combination therapy in patients with R/R AML and high-risk (HR) MDS and studied mechanisms of resistance to the combination therapy. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients with HR R/R MDS (n = 4) and R/R AML (n = 33) were treated. Sixteen patients (43%) had MECOM gene rearrangement and 7 other patients had TP53 mutation. Median prior number of therapies was three (range 1-9); 97% had received prior hypomethylating agent and 84% prior venetoclax. Overall response rate was 8/37 (22%): complete remission with incomplete platelet recovery (n = 1); morphologic leukemia-free state (n = 2); hematologic improvement (n = 5). The most common nonhematologic toxicities were febrile neutropenia and pneumonia in 12 (32%) patients each; 6 patients (17%) had severe hyperbilirubinemia. RNA-sequencing analysis of mononuclear cells harvested on treatment (day 3) versus pretreatment showed significant changes in mRNA expressions in responders: downregulation of MYC, BCL2, IL7R, and CDK6 and upregulation of HEXIM1, CD93, DCXR, and CDKN1A. Immunoblot analyses confirmed reduction in protein levels of c-Myc, CDK6, BCL2, and BCL-xL, and induction of BRD4 and HEXIM1 protein levels in responders. CONCLUSIONS In a heavily pretreated patient cohort with R/R MDS and AML, PLX51107+ azacitidine was well-tolerated and resulted in modest clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayastu Senapati
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Warren C Fiskus
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nathaniel R Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Tapan Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas J Short
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yesid Alvarado
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lucia Masarova
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ghayas C Issa
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherry Pierce
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Darla Miller
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kapil N Bhalla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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11
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Kelliher S, Gamba S, Weiss L, Shen Z, Marchetti M, Schieppati F, Scaife C, Madden S, Bennett K, Fortune A, Maung S, Fay M, Ní Áinle F, Maguire P, Falanga A, Kevane B, Krishnan A. Platelet proteo-transcriptomic profiling validates mediators of thrombosis and proteostasis in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563619. [PMID: 37961700 PMCID: PMC10634751 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) including polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) exhibit unique clinical features, such as a tendency toward thrombosis and hemorrhage, and risk of disease progression to secondary bone marrow fibrosis and/or acute leukemia. Although an increase in blood cell lineage counts (quantitative features) contribute to these morbid sequelae, the significant qualitative abnormalities of myeloid cells that contribute to vascular risk are not well understood. Here, we address this critical knowledge gap via a comprehensive and untargeted profiling of the platelet proteome in a large (n= 140) cohort of patients (from two independent sites) with an established diagnosis of PV and ET (and complement prior work on the MPN platelet transcriptome from a third site). We discover distinct MPN platelet protein expression and confirm key molecular impairments associated with proteostasis and thrombosis mechanisms of potential relevance to MPN pathology. Specifically, we validate expression of high-priority candidate markers from the platelet transcriptome at the platelet proteome (e.g., calreticulin (CALR), Fc gamma receptor (FcγRIIA) and galectin-1 (LGALS1) pointing to their likely significance in the proinflammatory, prothrombotic and profibrotic phenotypes in patients with MPN. Together, our proteo-transcriptomic study identifies the peripherally-derived platelet molecular profile as a potential window into MPN pathophysiology and demonstrates the value of integrative multi-omic approaches in gaining a better understanding of the complex molecular dynamics of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kelliher
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research Group, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sara Gamba
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luisa Weiss
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research Group, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zhu Shen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marina Marchetti
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesca Schieppati
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Caitriona Scaife
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Madden
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathleen Bennett
- School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Fortune
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Su Maung
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Fay
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala Ní Áinle
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research Group, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
| | - Patricia Maguire
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research Group, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Institute for Discovery, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Falanga
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
| | - Barry Kevane
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway SPHERE Research Group, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anandi Krishnan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
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12
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Qian Y, Zhang X, Mao S, Wei W, Lin X, Ling Q, Ye W, Li F, Pan J, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Huang X, Huang J, Tong H, Sun J, Jin J. ACC010, a novel BRD4 inhibitor, synergized with homoharringtonine in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD. Mol Oncol 2022. [PMID: 36567628 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitors have been clinically developed to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but their application is limited by the possibility of drug resistance, which is reportedly associated with the activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Meanwhile, homoharringtonine (HHT), a classic antileukemia drug, possibly inhibits the WNT/β-catenin pathway. In this study, we attempted to combine a novel BRD4 inhibitor (ACC010) and HHT to explore their synergistic lethal effects in treating AML. Here, we found that co-treatment with ACC010 and HHT synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD)-positive AML cells in vitro, and significantly inhibiting AML progression in vivo. Mechanistically, ACC010 and HHT cooperatively downregulated MYC and inhibited FLT3 activation. Further, when HHT was added, ACC010-resistant cells demonstrated a good synergy. We also extended our study to the mouse BaF3 cell line with FLT3-inhibitor-resistant FLT3-ITD/tyrosine kinase domain mutations and AML cells without FLT3-ITD. Collectively, our results suggested that the combination treatment of ACC010 and HHT might be a promising strategy for AML patients, especially those carrying FLT3-ITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihui Mao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjie Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenle Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Li
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanchun Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Tong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hematological Disorders, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, China
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13
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Pray BA, Youssef Y, Alinari L. TBL1X: At the crossroads of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Exp Hematol 2022; 116:18-25. [PMID: 36206873 PMCID: PMC9929687 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, the adaptor protein transducin β-like 1 (TBL1X) and its homolog TBL1XR1 have been shown to be upregulated in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and their overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Moreover, dysregulation of the TBL1 family of proteins has been implicated as a key component of oncogenic prosurvival signaling, cancer progression, and metastasis. Herein, we discuss how TBL1X and TBL1XR1 are required for the regulation of major transcriptional programs through the silencing mediator for tetanoid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT)/nuclear receptor corepressor (NCOR)/ B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) complex, Wnt/β catenin, and NF-κB signaling. We outline the utilization of tegavivint (Iterion Therapeutics), a first-in-class small molecule targeting the N-terminus domain of TBL1, as a novel therapeutic strategy in preclinical models of cancer and clinically. Although most published work has focused on the transcriptional role of TBL1X, we recently showed that in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoma subtype, genetic knockdown of TBL1X and treatment with tegavivint resulted in decreased expression of critical (onco)-proteins in a posttranscriptional/β-catenin-independent manner by promoting their proteasomal degradation through a Skp1/Cul1/F-box (SCF)/TBL1X supercomplex and potentially through the regulation of protein synthesis. However, given that TBL1X controls multiple oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer, treatment with tegavivint may ultimately result in drug resistance, providing the rationale for combination strategies. Although many questions related to TBL1X function remain to be answered in lymphoma and other diseases, these data provide a growing body of evidence that TBL1X is a promising therapeutic target in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy A Pray
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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14
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van der Noord VE, van de Water B, Le Dévédec SE. Targeting the Heterogeneous Genomic Landscape in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer through Inhibitors of the Transcriptional Machinery. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4353. [PMID: 36139513 PMCID: PMC9496798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer defined by lack of the estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Although TNBC tumors contain a wide variety of oncogenic mutations and copy number alterations, the direct targeting of these alterations has failed to substantially improve therapeutic efficacy. This efficacy is strongly limited by interpatient and intratumor heterogeneity, and thereby a lack in uniformity of targetable drivers. Most of these genetic abnormalities eventually drive specific transcriptional programs, which may be a general underlying vulnerability. Currently, there are multiple selective inhibitors, which target the transcriptional machinery through transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 7, 8, 9, 12 and 13 and bromodomain extra-terminal motif (BET) proteins, including BRD4. In this review, we discuss how inhibitors of the transcriptional machinery can effectively target genetic abnormalities in TNBC, and how these abnormalities can influence sensitivity to these inhibitors. These inhibitors target the genomic landscape in TNBC by specifically suppressing MYC-driven transcription, inducing further DNA damage, improving anti-cancer immunity, and preventing drug resistance against MAPK and PI3K-targeted therapies. Because the transcriptional machinery enables transcription and propagation of multiple cancer drivers, it may be a promising target for (combination) treatment, especially of heterogeneous malignancies, including TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvia E. Le Dévédec
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Pasca S, Chifotides HT, Verstovsek S, Bose P. Mutational landscape of blast phase myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN-BP) and antecedent MPN. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 366:83-124. [PMID: 35153007 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) have an inherent tendency to evolve to the blast phase (BP), characterized by ≥20% myeloblasts in the blood or bone marrow. MPN-BP portends a dismal prognosis and currently, effective treatment modalities are scarce, except for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in selected patients, particularly those who achieve complete/partial remission. The mutational landscape of MPN-BP differs from de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in several key aspects, such as significantly lower frequencies of FLT3 and DNMT3A mutations, and higher incidence of IDH1/2 and TP53 in MPN-BP. Herein, we comprehensively review the impact of the three signaling driver mutations (JAK2 V617F, CALR exon 9 indels, MPL W515K/L) that constitutively activate the JAK/STAT pathway, and of the other somatic non-driver mutations (epigenetic, mRNA splicing, transcriptional regulators, and mutations in signal transduction genes) that cooperatively or independently promote MPN progression and leukemic transformation. The MPN subtype, harboring two or more high-molecular risk (HMR) mutations (epigenetic regulators and mRNA splicing factors) and "triple-negative" PMF are among the critical factors that increase risk of leukemic transformation and shorten survival. Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is the most aggressive MPN; and polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are relatively indolent subtypes. In PV and ET, mutations in splicing factor genes are associated with progression to myelofibrosis (MF), and in ET, TP53 mutations predict risk for leukemic transformation. The advent of targeted next-generation sequencing and improved prognostic scoring systems for PMF inform decisions regarding allo-HSCT. The emergence of treatments targeting mutant enzymes (e.g., IDH1/2 inhibitors) or epigenetic pathways (BET and LSD1 inhibitors) along with new insights into the mechanisms of leukemogenesis will hopefully lead the way to superior management strategies and outcomes of MPN-BP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Pasca
- Leukemia Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Helen T Chifotides
- Leukemia Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Leukemia Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Leukemia Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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16
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Wang K, Yang C, Li H, Liu X, Zheng M, Xuan Z, Mei Z, Wang H. Role of the Epigenetic Modifier JMJD6 in Tumor Development and Regulation of Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859893. [PMID: 35359945 PMCID: PMC8963961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
JMJD6 is a member of the Jumonji (JMJC) domain family of histone demethylases that contributes to catalyzing the demethylation of H3R2me2 and/or H4R3me2 and regulating the expression of specific genes. JMJD6-mediated demethylation modifications are involved in the regulation of transcription, chromatin structure, epigenetics, and genome integrity. The abnormal expression of JMJD6 is associated with the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors, including breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, glioma, prostate carcinoma, melanoma, liver carcinoma, etc. Besides, JMJD6 regulates the innate immune response and affects many biological functions, as well as may play key roles in the regulation of immune response in tumors. Given the importance of epigenetic function in tumors, targeting JMJD6 gene by modulating the role of immune components in tumorigenesis and its development will contribute to the development of a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this article, we introduce the structure and biological activities of JMJD6, followed by summarizing its roles in tumorigenesis and tumor development. Importantly, we highlight the potential functions of JMJD6 in the regulation of tumor immune response, as well as the development of JMJD6 targeted small-molecule inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation and Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 908th Hospital of Chinese PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yingtan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zixue Xuan, ; Zhiqiang Mei, ; Haiyong Wang,
| | - Zhiqiang Mei
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zixue Xuan, ; Zhiqiang Mei, ; Haiyong Wang,
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zixue Xuan, ; Zhiqiang Mei, ; Haiyong Wang,
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17
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Mihaila RG, Topircean D. The high-performance technology CRISPR/Cas9 improves knowledge and management of acute myeloid leukemia. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 165:249-257. [PMID: 34446939 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on acute myeloid leukemia pathogenesis and treatment has progressed recently, but not enough to provide ideal management. Improving the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients depends on advances in molecular biology for the detection of new therapeutic targets and the production of effective drugs. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology allows gene insertions and deletions and it is the first step in investigating the function of their encoded proteins. Thus, new experimental models have been developed and progress has been made in understanding protein metabolism, antitumor activity, leukemic cell maintenance, differentiation, growth, apoptosis, and self-renewal, the combined pathogenetic mechanisms involved in leukemogenesis. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is used to understand drug resistance and find solutions to overcome it. The therapeutic progress achieved using the CRISPR/Cas9 system is remarkable. FST gene removal inhibited acute myeloid leukemia cell growth. Lysine acetyltransferase gene deletion contributed to decreased proliferation rate, increased apoptosis, and favored differentiation of acute myelid leukemia cells carrying MLL-X gene fusions. The removal of CD38 gene from NK cells decreased NK fratricidal cells contributing to increased efficacy of new CD38 CAR-NK cells to target leukemic blasts. BCL2 knockout has synergistic effects with FLT3 inhibitors. Exportin 1 knockout is synergistic with midostaurin treatment in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutation. Using the results of CRISPR/Cas9 libraries and technology application will allow us to get closer to achieving the goal of curing acute myeloid leukemia in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Gabriel Mihaila
- Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Romania
| | - Diana Topircean
- Department of Hematology, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Romania
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18
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Soldi R, Halder TG, Sampson S, Vankayalapati H, Weston A, Thode T, Bhalla KN, Ng S, Rodriguez Del Villar R, Drenner K, Kaadige MR, Horrigan SK, Batra SK, Salgia R, Sharma S. The Small Molecule BC-2059 Inhibits Wingless/Integrated (Wnt)-Dependent Gene Transcription in Cancer through Disruption of the Transducin β-Like 1- β-Catenin Protein Complex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:77-86. [PMID: 34006586 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The central role of β-catenin in the Wnt pathway makes it an attractive therapeutic target for cancers driven by aberrant Wnt signaling. We recently developed a small-molecule inhibitor, BC-2059, that promotes apoptosis by disrupting the β-catenin/transducin β-like 1 (TBL1) complex through an unknown mechanism of action. In this study, we show that BC-2059 directly interacts with high affinity for TBL1 when in complex with β-catenin. We identified two amino acids in a hydrophobic pocket of TBL1 that are required for binding with β-catenin, and computational modeling predicted that BC-2059 interacts at the same hydrophobic pocket. Although this pocket in TBL1 is involved in binding with NCoR/SMRT complex members G Protein Pathway Suppressor 2 (GSP2) and SMRT and p65 NFκB subunit, BC-2059 failed to disrupt the interaction of TBL1 with either NCoR/SMRT or NFκB. Together, our results show that BC-2059 selectively targets TBL1/β-catenin protein complex, suggesting BC-2059 as a therapeutic for tumors with deregulated Wnt signaling pathway. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study reports the mechanism of action of a novel Wnt pathway inhibitor, characterizing the selective disruption of the transducin β-like 1/β-catenin protein complex. As Wnt signaling is dysregulated across cancer types, this study suggests BC-2059 has the potential to benefit patients with tumors reliant on this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Soldi
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Tithi Ghosh Halder
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Samuel Sampson
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Hariprasad Vankayalapati
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Alexis Weston
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Trason Thode
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Kapil N Bhalla
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Serina Ng
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Ryan Rodriguez Del Villar
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Kevin Drenner
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Mohan R Kaadige
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Stephen K Horrigan
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
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19
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Ouni M, Gottmann P, Westholm E, Schwerbel K, Jähnert M, Stadion M, Rittig K, Vogel H, Schürmann A. MiR-205 is up-regulated in islets of diabetes-susceptible mice and targets the diabetes gene Tcf7l2. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13693. [PMID: 34028994 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM MicroRNAs play an important role in the maintenance of cellular functions by fine-tuning gene expression levels. The aim of the current study was to identify genetically caused changes in microRNA expression which associate with islet dysfunction in diabetic mice. METHODS To identify novel microRNAs involved in islet dysfunction, transcriptome and miRNome analyses were performed in islets of obese, diabetes-susceptible NZO and diabetes-resistant B6-ob/ob mice and results combined with quantitative trait loci (QTL) and functional in vitro analysis. RESULTS In islets of NZO and B6-ob/ob mice, 94 differentially expressed microRNAs were detected, of which 11 are located in diabetes QTL. Focusing on conserved microRNAs exhibiting the strongest expression difference and which have not been linked to islet function, miR-205-5p was selected for further analysis. According to transcriptome data and target prediction analyses, miR-205-5p affects genes involved in Wnt and calcium signalling as well as insulin secretion. Over-expression of miR-205-5p in the insulinoma cell line INS-1 increased insulin expression, left-shifted the glucose-dependence of insulin secretion and supressed the expression of the diabetes gene TCF7L2. The interaction between miR-205-5p and TCF7L2 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSION MiR-205-5p was identified as relevant microRNA involved in islet dysfunction by interacting with TCF7L2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Ouni
- Department of Experimental Diabetology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE) Nuthetal Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) München‐Neuherberg Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE) Nuthetal Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) München‐Neuherberg Germany
| | - Efraim Westholm
- Department of Experimental Diabetology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE) Nuthetal Germany
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö Lund University Diabetes CentreLund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Kristin Schwerbel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE) Nuthetal Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) München‐Neuherberg Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE) Nuthetal Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) München‐Neuherberg Germany
| | - Mandy Stadion
- Department of Experimental Diabetology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE) Nuthetal Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) München‐Neuherberg Germany
| | - Kilian Rittig
- Clinic for Angiology and Diabetology Frankfurt (Oder) Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science University of Potsdam Brandenburg Germany
| | - Heike Vogel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE) Nuthetal Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) München‐Neuherberg Germany
- Research Group Genetics of Obesity German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE) Nuthetal Germany
- Research Group Molecular and Clinical Life Science of Metabolic Diseases Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg University of Potsdam Brandenburg Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke (DIfE) Nuthetal Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) München‐Neuherberg Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science University of Potsdam Brandenburg Germany
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20
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Giardina SF, Valdambrini E, Warren JD, Barany F. PROTACs: Promising Approaches for Epigenetic Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:306-325. [PMID: 33535953 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210203110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation of gene expression is essential for tissue-specific development and maintenance in mammalian cells. Disruption of epigenetic processes, and the subsequent alteration of gene functions, can result in inappropriate activation or inhibition of various cellular signaling pathways, leading to cancer. Recent advancements in the understanding of the role of epigenetics in cancer initiation and progression have uncovered functions for DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic therapies have shown some promise for hematological malignancies, and a wide range of epigenetic-based drugs are undergoing clinical trials. However, in a dynamic survival strategy, cancer cells exploit their heterogeneous population which frequently results in the rapid acquisition of therapy resistance. Here, we describe novel approaches in drug discovery targeting the epigenome, highlighting recent advances the selective degradation of target proteins using Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) to address drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Giardina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, Box 62, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elena Valdambrini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, Box 62, New York, NY, United States
| | - J David Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, Box 63, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Francis Barany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, Box 62, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Fiskus W, Mill CP, Nabet B, Perera D, Birdwell C, Manshouri T, Lara B, Kadia TM, DiNardo C, Takahashi K, Daver N, Bose P, Masarova L, Pemmaraju N, Kornblau S, Borthakur G, Montalban-Bravo G, Manero GG, Sharma S, Stubbs M, Su X, Green MR, Coarfa C, Verstovsek S, Khoury JD, Vakoc CR, Bhalla KN. Superior efficacy of co-targeting GFI1/KDM1A and BRD4 against AML and post-MPN secondary AML cells. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:98. [PMID: 34016956 PMCID: PMC8138012 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need to overcome nongenetic therapy-resistance to improve outcomes in AML, especially post-myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) secondary (s) AML. Studies presented describe effects of genetic knockout, degradation or small molecule targeted-inhibition of GFI1/LSD1 on active enhancers, altering gene-expressions and inducing differentiation and lethality in AML and (MPN) sAML cells. A protein domain-focused CRISPR screen in LSD1 (KDM1A) inhibitor (i) treated AML cells, identified BRD4, MOZ, HDAC3 and DOT1L among the codependencies. Our findings demonstrate that co-targeting LSD1 and one of these co-dependencies exerted synergistic in vitro lethality in AML and post-MPN sAML cells. Co-treatment with LSD1i and the JAKi ruxolitinib was also synergistically lethal against post-MPN sAML cells. LSD1i pre-treatment induced GFI1, PU.1 and CEBPα but depleted c-Myc, overcoming nongenetic resistance to ruxolitinib, or to BETi in post-MPN sAML cells. Co-treatment with LSD1i and BETi or ruxolitinib exerted superior in vivo efficacy against post-MPN sAML cells. These findings highlight LSD1i-based combinations that merit testing for clinical efficacy, especially to overcome nongenetic therapy-resistance in AML and post-MPN sAML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Fiskus
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Behnam Nabet
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimuthu Perera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Taghi Manshouri
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bernardo Lara
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tapan M Kadia
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney DiNardo
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naval Daver
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucia Masarova
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Kornblau
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Sunil Sharma
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Xiaoping Su
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kapil N Bhalla
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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22
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Enhancer rewiring in tumors: an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Oncogene 2021; 40:3475-3491. [PMID: 33934105 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhancers are cis-regulatory sequences that fine-tune expression of their target genes in a spatiotemporal manner. They are recognized by sequence-specific transcription factors, which in turn recruit transcriptional coactivators that facilitate transcription by promoting assembly and activation of the basal transcriptional machinery. Their functional importance is underscored by the fact that they are often the target of genetic and nongenetic events in human disease that disrupt their sequence, interactome, activation potential, and/or chromatin environment. Dysregulation of transcription and addiction to transcriptional effectors that interact with and modulate enhancer activity are common features of cancer cells and are amenable to therapeutic intervention. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on enhancer biology, the broad spectrum of mechanisms that lead to their malfunction in tumor cells, and recent progress in developing drugs that efficaciously target their dependencies.
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23
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Shahin OA, Chifotides HT, Bose P, Masarova L, Verstovsek S. Accelerated Phase of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Acta Haematol 2021; 144:484-499. [PMID: 33882481 DOI: 10.1159/000512929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) can transform into blast phase MPN (leukemic transformation; MPN-BP), typically via accelerated phase MPN (MPN-AP), in ∼20-25% of the cases. MPN-AP and MPN-BP are characterized by 10-19% and ≥20% blasts, respectively. MPN-AP/BP portend a dismal prognosis with no established conventional treatment. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the sole modality associated with long-term survival. SUMMARY MPN-AP/BP has a markedly different mutational profile from de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In MPN-AP/BP, TP53 and IDH1/2 are more frequent, whereas FLT3 and DNMT3A are rare. Higher incidence of leukemic transformation has been associated with the most aggressive MPN subtype, myelofibrosis (MF); other risk factors for leukemic transformation include rising blast counts above 3-5%, advanced age, severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, increasing bone marrow fibrosis, type 1 CALR-unmutated status, lack of driver mutations (negative for JAK2, CALR, or MPL genes), adverse cytogenetics, and acquisition of ≥2 high-molecular risk mutations (ASXL1, EZH2, IDH1/2, SRSF2, and U2AF1Q157). The aforementioned factors have been incorporated in several novel prognostic scoring systems for MF. Currently, elderly/unfit patients with MPN-AP/BP are treated with hypomethylating agents with/without ruxolitinib; these regimens appear to confer comparable benefit to intensive chemotherapy but with lower toxicity. Retrospective studies in patients who acquired actionable mutations during MPN-AP/BP showed positive outcomes with targeted AML treatments, such as IDH1/2 inhibitors, and require further evaluation in clinical trials. Key Messages: Therapy for MPN-AP patients represents an unmet medical need. MF patients, in particular, should be appropriately stratified regarding their prognosis and the risk for transformation. Higher-risk patients should be monitored regularly and treated prior to progression to MPN-BP. MPN-AP patients may be treated with hypomethylating agents alone or in combination with ruxolitinib; also, patients can be provided with the option to enroll in rationally designed clinical trials exploring combination regimens, including novel targeted drugs, with an ultimate goal to transition to transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Shahin
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Helen T Chifotides
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lucia Masarova
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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24
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Meng Y, Qian X, Zhao L, Li N, Wu S, Chen B, Sun T, Wang X. Trichostatin A downregulates bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins to suppress osimertinib resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:216. [PMID: 33858423 PMCID: PMC8050891 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The third-generation epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have shown significant therapeutic effects on patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) who carry active EGFR mutations, as well as those who have developed acquired resistance to the first-generation of EGFR-TKIs due to the T790M mutation. However, most patients develop drug resistance after 8-10 months of treatment. Currently, the mechanism has not been well clarified, and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. METHODS Osimertinib resistant cell lines were established by culturing sensitive cells in chronically increasing doses of osimertinib. The anticancer effect of reagents was examined both in vitro and in vivo using the sulforhodamine B assay and a xenograft mouse model. The molecular signals were detected by western blotting. The combination effect was analyzed using CompuSyn software. RESULTS We found that bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins (BETs) were upregulated in osimertinib resistant (H1975-OR) cells compared with those in the paired parental cells (H1975-P), and that knockdown of BETs significantly inhibited the growth of H1975-OR cells. The BET inhibitor JQ1 also exhibited stronger growth-inhibitory effects on H1975-OR cells and a greater expression of BETs and the downstream effector c-Myc than were observed in H1975-P cells. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) showed stronger growth suppression in H1975-OR cells than in H1975-P cells, but vorinostat, another HDAC inhibitor, showed equal inhibitory efficacy in both cell types. Consistently, downregulation of BET and c-Myc expression was greater with TSA than with vorinostat. TSA restrained the growth of H1975-OR and H1975-P xenograft tumors. The combination of TSA and JQ1 showed synergistic growth-inhibitory effects in parallel with decreased BET and c-Myc expression in both H1975-OR and H1975-P cells and in xenograft nude mouse models. BETs were not upregulated in osimertinib resistant HCC827 cells compared with parental cells, while TSA and vorinostat exhibited equal inhibitory effects on both cell types. CONCLUSION Upregulation of BETs contributed to the osimertinib resistance of H1975 cells. TSA downregulated BET expression and enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of JQ1 both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provided new strategies for the treatment of osimertinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xixi Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmiandadao, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xuerong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmiandadao, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
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25
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EVI1 dysregulation: impact on biology and therapy of myeloid malignancies. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:64. [PMID: 33753715 PMCID: PMC7985498 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (Evi1) was discovered in 1988 as a common site of ecotropic viral integration resulting in myeloid malignancies in mice. EVI1 is an oncogenic zinc-finger transcription factor whose overexpression contributes to disease progression and an aggressive phenotype, correlating with poor clinical outcome in myeloid malignancies. Despite progress in understanding the biology of EVI1 dysregulation, significant improvements in therapeutic outcome remain elusive. Here, we highlight advances in understanding EVI1 biology and discuss how this new knowledge informs development of novel therapeutic interventions. EVI1 is overexpression is correlated with poor outcome in some epithelial cancers. However, the focus of this review is the genetic lesions, biology, and current therapeutics of myeloid malignancies overexpressing EVI1.
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26
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Ramsey HE, Greenwood D, Zhang S, Childress M, Arrate MP, Gorska AE, Fuller L, Zhao Y, Stengel K, Fischer MA, Stubbs MC, Liu PCC, Boyd K, Rathmell JC, Hiebert SW, Savona MR. BET Inhibition Enhances the Antileukemic Activity of Low-dose Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:598-607. [PMID: 33148670 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The BCL2 inhibitor, venetoclax, has transformed clinical care in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, subsets of patients do not respond or eventually acquire resistance. Venetoclax-based regimens can lead to considerable marrow suppression in some patients. Bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitors (BETi) are potential treatments for AML, as regulators of critical AML oncogenes. We tested the efficacy of novel BET inhibitor INCB054329, and its synergy with venetoclax to reduce AML without induction of hematopoietic toxicity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN INCB054329 efficacy was assessed by changes in cell cycle and apoptosis in treated AML cell lines. In vivo efficacy was assessed by tumor reduction in MV-4-11 cell line-derived xenografts. Precision run-on and sequencing (PRO-seq) evaluated effects of INCB054329. Synergy between low-dose BETi and venetoclax was assessed in cell lines and patient samples in vitro and in vivo while efficacy and toxicity was assessed in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. RESULTS INCB054329 induced dose-dependent apoptosis and quiescence in AML cell lines. PRO-seq analysis evaluated the effects of INCB054329 on transcription and confirmed reduced transcriptional elongation of key oncogenes, MYC and BCL2, and genes involved in the cell cycle and metabolism. Combinations of BETi and venetoclax led to reduced cell viability in cell lines and patient samples. Low-dose combinations of INCB054329 and venetoclax in cell line and PDX models reduced AML burden, regardless of the sensitivity to monotherapy without development of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest low dose combinations of venetoclax and BETi may be more efficacious for patients with AML than either monotherapy, potentially providing a longer, more tolerable dosing regimen.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Organic Chemicals/pharmacology
- Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dalton Greenwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Susu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Merrida Childress
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Maria P Arrate
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Agnieszka E Gorska
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Londa Fuller
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kristy Stengel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melissa A Fischer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Kelli Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott W Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael R Savona
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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27
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Fiskus W, Mill CP, Perera D, Birdwell C, Deng Q, Yang H, Lara BH, Jain N, Burger J, Ferrajoli A, Davis JA, Saenz DT, Jin W, Coarfa C, Crews CM, Green MR, Khoury JD, Bhalla KN. BET proteolysis targeted chimera-based therapy of novel models of Richter Transformation-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2021; 35:2621-2634. [PMID: 33654205 PMCID: PMC8410602 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Richter Transformation (RT) develops in CLL as an aggressive, therapy-resistant, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (RT-DLBCL), commonly clonally-related (CLR) to the concomitant CLL. Lack of available pre-clinical human models has hampered the development of novel therapies for RT-DLBCL. Here, we report the profiles of genetic alterations, chromatin accessibility and active enhancers, gene-expressions and anti-lymphoma drug-sensitivity of three newly established, patient-derived, xenograft (PDX) models of RT-DLBCLs, including CLR and clonally-unrelated (CLUR) to concomitant CLL. The CLR and CLUR RT-DLBCL cells display active enhancers, higher single-cell RNA-Seq-determined mRNA, and protein expressions of IRF4, TCF4, and BCL2, as well as increased sensitivity to BET protein inhibitors. CRISPR knockout of IRF4 attenuated c-Myc levels and increased sensitivity to a BET protein inhibitor. Co-treatment with BET inhibitor or BET-PROTAC and ibrutinib or venetoclax exerted synergistic in vitro lethality in the RT-DLBCL cells. Finally, as compared to each agent alone, combination therapy with BET-PROTAC and venetoclax significantly reduced lymphoma burden and improved survival of immune-depleted mice engrafted with CLR-RT-DLBCL. These findings highlight a novel, potentially effective therapy for RT-DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Fiskus
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christopher P. Mill
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dimuthu Perera
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christine Birdwell
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Qing Deng
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Haopeng Yang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Bernardo H. Lara
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Nitin Jain
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jan Burger
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - John A. Davis
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dyana T. Saenz
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Wendy Jin
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Craig M. Crews
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Michael R. Green
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Joseph D. Khoury
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kapil N. Bhalla
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
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28
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Pegoraro A, Orioli E, De Marchi E, Salvestrini V, Milani A, Di Virgilio F, Curti A, Adinolfi E. Differential sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cells to daunorubicin depends on P2X7A versus P2X7B receptor expression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:876. [PMID: 33071281 PMCID: PMC7569086 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common adult leukemia often arising from a preexistent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). High mortality rates of AML are caused by relapse and chemoresistance; therefore, we analyzed the role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) splice variants A and B in AML progression and response to chemotherapy. The expression of P2X7RA and P2X7RB was investigated in samples obtained from MDS and AML untreated subjects or AML patients in relapse or remission after chemotherapy. Both P2X7RA and P2X7RB were overexpressed in AML versus MDS suggesting a disease-promoting function. However, in relapsing patients, P2X7RA was downmodulated, while P2X7RB was upmodulated. Treatment with daunorubicin (DNR), one of the main chemotherapeutics for AML, upregulated P2X7RB expression while reducing P2X7RA mRNA in AML blasts. Interestingly, DNR administration also caused ATP release from AML blasts suggesting that, following chemotherapy, activation of the receptor isoforms via their agonist will be responsible for the differential survival of blasts overexpressing P2X7RA versus P2X7RB. Indeed, AML blasts expressing high levels of P2X7RA were more prone to cell death if exposed to DNR, while those overexpressing P2X7RB were more vital and even protected against DNR toxicity. These data were reproducible also in HEK-293 cells separately expressing P2X7RA and B. P2X7RA facilitation of DNR toxicity was in part due to increased uptake of the drug inside the cell that was lost upon P2X7RB expression. Finally, in an AML xenograft model administration of DNR or the P2X7R antagonist, AZ10606120 significantly reduced leukemic growth and coadministration of the drugs proved more efficacious than single treatment as it reduced both P2X7RA and P2X7RB levels and downmodulated c-myc oncogene. Taken together, our data suggest P2X7RA and P2X7RB as potential prognostic markers for AML and P2X7RB as a therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance in AML relapsing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Orioli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvestrini
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Haematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Asia Milani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Haematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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29
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He Y, Khan S, Huo Z, Lv D, Zhang X, Liu X, Yuan Y, Hromas R, Xu M, Zheng G, Zhou D. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are emerging therapeutics for hematologic malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:103. [PMID: 32718354 PMCID: PMC7384229 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional small molecules that utilize the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) to degrade proteins of interest (POI). PROTACs are potentially superior to conventional small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) because of their unique mechanism of action (MOA, i.e., degrading POI in a sub-stoichiometric manner), ability to target “undruggable” and mutant proteins, and improved target selectivity. Therefore, PROTACs have become an emerging technology for the development of novel targeted anticancer therapeutics. In fact, some of these reported PROTACs exhibit unprecedented efficacy and specificity in degrading various oncogenic proteins and have advanced to various stages of preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of cancer and hematologic malignancy. In this review, we systematically summarize the known PROTACs that have the potential to be used to treat various hematologic malignancies and discuss strategies to improve the safety of PROTACs for clinical application. Particularly, we propose to use the latest human pan-tissue single-cell RNA sequencing data to identify hematopoietic cell type-specific/selective E3 ligases to generate tumor-specific/selective PROTACs. These PROTACs have the potential to become safer therapeutics for hematologic malignancies because they can overcome some of the on-target toxicities of SMIs and PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghan He
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sajid Khan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dongwen Lv
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xingui Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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30
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Spriano F, Stathis A, Bertoni F. Targeting BET bromodomain proteins in cancer: The example of lymphomas. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107631. [PMID: 32693114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Bromo- and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) family proteins act as "readers" of acetylated histones and they are important transcription regulators. BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, part of the BET family, are important in different tumors, where upregulation or translocation often occurs. The potential of targeting BET proteins as anti-cancer treatment originated with data obtained with a first series of compounds, and there are now several data supporting BET inhibition in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Despite very positive preclinical data in different tumor types, the clinical results have been so far moderate. Using lymphoma as an example to review the data produced in the laboratory and in the context of the early clinical trials, we discuss the modalities to make BET targeting more efficient both generating novel generation of compounds and by exploring the combination with small molecules affecting various signaling pathways, BCL2, or DNA damage response signaling, but also with additional epigenetic agents and with immunotherapy. We also discuss the mechanisms of resistance and the toxicity profiles so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spriano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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