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Wang P, Zheng L, Qi X, Wang H, Zhang R, Song L, Chen R, Yan S, Chang W, Hu J, Wang Y, Jin H, Shi Y, Wu Z, Zhao W, Shi P, Tian Q, Xing M, Dong H. Contribution of FOS in neutrophils to venous thromboembolism via miR-144 based on bioinformatic prediction and validation. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18370. [PMID: 38818568 PMCID: PMC11140234 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins Osteosarcoma (c-Fos; encoded by FOS) plays an important role in several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and stroke. However, the relationship between FOS and venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains unknown. We identified differentially expressed genes in Gene Expression Omnibus dataset, GSE48000, comprising VTE patients and healthy individuals, and analysed them using CIBERSORT and weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). FOS and CD46 expressions were significantly downregulated (FOS p = 2.26E-05, CD64 p = 8.83E-05) and strongly linked to neutrophil activity in VTE. We used GSE19151 and performed PCR to confirm that FOS and CD46 had diagnostic potential for VTE; however, only FOS showed differential expression by PCR and ELISA in whole blood samples. Moreover, we found that hsa-miR-144 which regulates FOS expression was significantly upregulated in VTE. Furthermore, FOS expression was significantly downregulated in neutrophils of VTE patients (p = 0.03). RNA sequencing performed on whole blood samples of VTE patients showed that FOS exerted its effects in VTE via the leptin-mediated adipokine signalling pathway. Our results suggest that FOS and related genes or proteins can outperform traditional clinical markers and may be used as diagnostic biomarkers for VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiaotong Qi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Liying Song
- Thyroid surgery departmentFirst Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | | | - Sheng Yan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Wenkai Chang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Haijiang Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yongbin Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Zhihui Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Peilu Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Qinqin Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Miao Xing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Honglin Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
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2
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Grover SP, Snir O, Hindberg K, Englebert TM, Braekkan SK, Morelli VM, Jensen SB, Wolberg AS, Mollnes TE, Ueland T, Mackman N, Hansen JB. High plasma levels of C1-inhibitor are associated with lower risk of future venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1849-1860. [PMID: 37003465 PMCID: PMC11112258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C1-inhibitor (C1INH) is a broad-acting serine protease inhibitor with anticoagulant activity. The impact of C1INH plasma levels within the normal physiological range on risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unknown. We assessed the association of plasma C1INH levels and VTE risk and evaluated the impact of C1INH on thrombin and plasmin generation in ex vivo assays. METHODS A nested case-control study with 405 patients with VTE and 829 age- and sex-matched controls was derived from the Tromsø Study. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for VTE were estimated across plasma C1INH quartiles. Genetic regulation of C1INH was explored using quantitative trait loci analysis of whole exome sequencing data. The effect of plasma C1INH levels on coagulation was evaluated ex vivo by calibrated automated thrombography. RESULTS Individuals with C1INH levels in the highest quartile had a lower risk of VTE (OR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49-0.96) compared with those with C1INH in the lowest quartile. In subgroup analysis, the corresponding ORs were 0.60 (95% CI: 0.39-0.89) for deep vein thrombosis and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.52-1.38) for pulmonary embolism, respectively. No significant genetic determinants of plasma C1INH levels were identified. Addition of exogenous C1INH to normal human plasma reduced thrombin generation triggered by an activator of the intrinsic coagulation pathway, but not when triggered by an activator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. CONCLUSIONS High plasma levels of C1INH were associated with lower risk of VTE, and C1INH inhibited thrombin generation initiated by the intrinsic coagulation pathway ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Grover
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. https://twitter.com/StevenPGrover
| | - Omri Snir
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristian Hindberg
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. https://twitter.com/KristianHindbe1
| | - Tatianna M Englebert
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. https://twitter.com/OlsonTatianna
| | - Sigrid K Braekkan
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Vânia M Morelli
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Søren B Jensen
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. https://twitter.com/aswolberg
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. https://twitter.com/ThorUeland
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. https://twitter.com/NMackman
| | - John-Bjarne Hansen
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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3
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Solomou EE, Delaporta P, Mantzou A, Tzannoudaki M, Diamantopoulos P, Salamaliki C, Kontandreopoulou CN, Vyniou NA, Perganti F, Papassotiriou I, Kattamis A. Evidence that platelets from transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients induce T cell activation. Clin Immunol 2023:109653. [PMID: 37269985 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A hypercoagulable state leading to increased risk for thrombotic events represents one of the most common complications observed in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) patients. TDT patients have increased frequencies of circulating activated platelets. However, there is no information so far if platelets from TDT patients can activate T cells. In the present study we showed that T cells treated with platelets from TDT patients showed significant increased surface expression of CD69 compared to the T cells treated with platelets from healthy individuals. Patients with splenectomy showed increased T cell activation compared to patients with intact spleen. No T cell activation was observed following incubation with plasma alone, nor with platelets from healthy subjects. The percentages of regulatory T cells (Tregs) were also examined. TDT patients showed statistically significant increased percentages of Tregs compared to healthy controls. Additionally, we observed a positive statistically significant correlation between the percentages of Tregs and the platelet-induced activated T cells in patients who were not treated with aspirin. TDT patients showed increased levels of sP-selectin, suPAR and GDF-15, molecules implicated in platelet activation. We show that platelets from TDT patients can activate T cells in vitro. This activation correlates with markers of platelet activation and increased numbers of Tregs, perhaps in an effort to eliminate immune dysregulation, conceivably secondary to platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Solomou
- University of Patras Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Rio 26500, Greece.
| | - Polyxeni Delaporta
- First Department of Pediatrics, Thalassemia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Thalassemia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Marianna Tzannoudaki
- Department of Immunology-Histocompatibility, Specialized Center and Referral Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies-Pediatric Immunology, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Diamantopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Christina Salamaliki
- University of Patras Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Rio 26500, Greece
| | | | - Nora-Athina Vyniou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Foteini Perganti
- First Department of Pediatrics, Thalassemia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papassotiriou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Thalassemia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Thalassemia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
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4
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Chen C, Kang J, Wang S, Chen S, Guo H, Chen M. An electrochemical immunosensor based on polyaniline microtubules and zinc gallinate for detection of human growth differentiation factor-15. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:92. [PMID: 36790563 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains high, and their mortality rate is significantly higher than that of other diseases. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a recently developed biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of CVDs because its concentration in serum increases substantially after a cardiovascular injury or an inflammatory reaction. In this study, a sandwich-type immunosensor was constructed for the sensitive detection of GDF-15. Specifically, peony-like zinc gallinate (ZnGa2O4) prepared using a hydrothermal method, which exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance, was coupled with Au nanoparticles (NPs) to obtain golden-peony-like ZnGa2O4/Au NPs. They preserved the immune activity of GDF-15 antibody molecules and further enhanced the conductivity, thereby realizing additional signal amplification. Hollow polyaniline (PANI) microtubules decorated with Pd NPs were used as the sensing platform (PANI/Pd NPs). The hollow microtubules provided abundant active sites and considerably improved the electron-transfer rate. Under optimal conditions, a linear range and remarkably low detection limit of 100 fg mL-1-10 ng mL-1 and 42.23 fg mL-1, respectively, were achieved. These experimental results indicate that the strategy reported herein can be adopted as a novel approach for the convenient and rapid detection of GDF-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cizhi Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Kang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Wang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Roy DC, Wang TF, Mallick R, Carrier M, Mollanji E, Liu P, Zhang L, Hawken S, Wells PS. GDF-15, hs-TnT and NT proBNP for Predicting Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Ambulatory Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1169-1176. [PMID: 35263789 DOI: 10.1055/a-1792-7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin T (hs-TnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in non-cancer patients. However, the performance of these biomarkers in cancer patients is unknown. Our objective was to assess performance of these biomarkers in predicting VTE in cancer patients at intermediate to high risk for VTE (Khorana Score≥2). We used 1-month plasma samples from AVERT trial patients to determine if GDF-15, NT-proBNP and hs-TnT levels are associated with VTE incidence between one- and 7-months from the start of chemotherapy. The minimal Euclidean distance of the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was used to derive optimal cut-offs for GDF-15 and NT-proBNP given there was no evidence of a commonly used cut-off. Logistic and Fine and Gray competing risk regression analysis were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR), respectively, while adjusting for age, sex, anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. We tested in two groups: all patients (n=476, Model 1) and all patients with non-primary brain cancers (n=454, Model 2). In Model 1 and 2, GDF-15 ≥2290.9pg/mL had adjusted ORs for VTE of 1.65 (95%CI: 0.89-3.08), and 2.28 (95%CI: 1.28-4.09), respectively. hs-TnT ≥14.0pg/mL was associated with higher odds of VTE in Model 1 and 2 [adjusted ORs: 2.26 (95%CI: 1.40-3.65), 2.03 (95%CI: 1.07-3.84), respectively]. For NT-proBNP, levels ≥183.5pg/mL was not associated with VTE. Similar results were observed in the Fine and Gray analysis. Our results indicate that increased GDF-15 and hs-TnT levels predicted increased VTE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Carole Roy
- Medicine, University of Ottawa School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tzu-Fei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ranjeeta Mallick
- University of Ottawa School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ottawa, Canada.,OHRI, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marc Carrier
- Department of Medicine. University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Peter Liu
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Steven Hawken
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,University of Ottawa School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Philip S Wells
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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6
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Ząbczyk M, Natorska J, Janion-Sadowska A, Metzgier-Gumiela A, Polak M, Plens K, Janion M, Skonieczny G, Mizia-Stec K, Undas A. Isoprostane-8 and GDF-15 as novel markers of post-PE syndrome: Relation with prothrombotic factors. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13660. [PMID: 34312860 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-pulmonary embolism (PE) syndrome occurs in up to 50% of PE patients. The pathophysiology of this syndrome is obscure. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether enhanced oxidative stress and prothrombotic state may be involved in post-PE syndrome. METHODS We studied 101 normotensive noncancer PE patients (aged 56.5 ± 13.9 years) on admission, after 5-7 days and after a 3-month anticoagulation, mostly with rivaroxaban. A marker of oxidative stress, 8-isoprostane, endogenous thrombin potential, fibrinolysis proteins, clot lysis time (CLT) and fibrin clot permeability (Ks ), along with PE biomarkers, were determined. RESULTS Patients who developed the post-PE syndrome (n = 31, 30.7%) had at baseline 77.6% higher N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide and 46.8% higher growth differentiation factor 15, along with 14.1% longer CLT associated with 34.4% higher plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as compared to subjects without post-PE syndrome (all P < .05). After 5-7 days, only hypofibrinolysis was noted in post-PE syndrome patients. When measured at 3 months, prolonged CLT and reduced Ks were observed in post-PE syndrome patients, accompanied by 23.8% higher growth differentiation factor 15 and 35.8% higher plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (all P < .05). 8-isoprostane levels ≥108 pg/ml (odds ratio=4.36; 95% confidence interval 1.63-12.27) and growth differentiation factor 15 ≥ 1529 pg/ml (odds ratio=3.89; 95% confidence interval 1.29-12.16) measured at 3 months were associated with higher risk of developing post-PE syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced oxidative stress and prothrombotic fibrin clot properties could be involved in the pathogenesis of the post-PE syndrome. Elevated growth differentiation factor 15 assessed at 3 months might be a new biomarker of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ząbczyk
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Natorska
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Mateusz Polak
- First Department of Cardiology, Leszek Giec Upper-Silesian Medical Centre of the Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Marianna Janion
- Collegium Medicum, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Mizia-Stec
- First Department of Cardiology, Leszek Giec Upper-Silesian Medical Centre of the Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anetta Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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7
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Bonaterra GA, Struck N, Zuegel S, Schwarz A, Mey L, Schwarzbach H, Strelau J, Kinscherf R. Characterization of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels with low oxygenated blood and blood pressure (Pulmonary trunk): role of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15). BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:601. [PMID: 34920697 PMCID: PMC8684150 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is linked to inflammation, cancer, and atherosclerosis. GDF-15 is expressed in most tissues but is extremely induced under pathological conditions. Elevated serum levels are suggested as a risk factor and a marker for cardiovascular diseases. However, the cellular sources and the effects of GDF-15 on the cardiovascular system have not been completely elucidated including progression, and morphology of atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, this work aimed to characterize the influence of GDF-15 deficiency on the morphology of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels with low-oxygen blood and low blood pressure as the pulmonary trunk (PT), in hypercholesterolemic ApoE-/- mice. METHODS GDF-15-/- ApoE-/- mice were generated by crossbreeding of ApoE-/-- and GDF-15-/- mice. After feeding a cholesterol-enriched diet (CED) for 20 weeks, samples of the brachiocephalic trunk (BT) and PT were dissected and lumen stenosis (LS) was measured. Furthermore, changes in the cellularity of the PT, amounts of apoptosis-, autophagy-, inflammation- and proliferation-relevant proteins were immunohisto-morphometrically analyzed. Additionally, we examined an atherosclerotic plaque in a human post mortem sample of the pulmonary artery. RESULTS After CED the body weight of GDF-15-/-ApoE-/- was 22.9% higher than ApoE-/-. Double knockout mice showed also an 35.3% increase of plasma triglyceride levels, whereas plasma cholesterol was similar in both genotypes. LS in the BT and PT of GDF-15-/-ApoE-/- mice was significantly reduced by 19.0% and by 6.7% compared to ApoE-/-. Comparing LS in PT and BT of the same genotype revealed a significant 38.8% (ApoE-/-) or 26.4% (GDF-15-/-ApoE-/-) lower LS in the PT. Immunohistomorphometry of atherosclerotic lesions in PT of GDF-15-/-ApoE-/- revealed significantly increased levels (39.8% and 7.3%) of CD68 + macrophages (MΦ) and α-actin + smooth muscle cells than in ApoE-/-. The density of TUNEL + , apoptotic cells was significantly (32.9%) higher in plaques of PT of GDF-15-/-ApoE-/- than in ApoE-/-. Analysis of atherosclerotic lesion of a human pulmonary artery showed sm-α-actin, CD68+, TUNEL+, Ki67+, and APG5L/ATG+ cells as observed in PT. COX-2+ and IL-6+ immunoreactivities were predominantly located in endothelial cells and subendothelial space. In BT and PT of GDF15-/-ApoE-/- mice the necrotic area was 10% and 6.5% lower than in ApoE-/-. In BT and PT of GDF15-/-ApoE-/- we found 40% and 57% less unstable plaques than ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Atherosclerotic lesions occur in both, BT and PT, however, the size is smaller in PT, possibly due to the effect of the low-oxygen blood and/or lower blood pressure. GDF-15 is involved in atherosclerotic processes in BT and PT, although different mechanisms (e.g. apoptosis) in these two vessels seem to exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Bonaterra
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - N Struck
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - S Zuegel
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Schwarz
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - L Mey
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - H Schwarzbach
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - J Strelau
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Kinscherf
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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8
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Hansen ES, Rinde FB, Edvardsen MS, Hindberg K, Latysheva N, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Michelsen AE, Hansen JB, Brækkan SK, Morelli VM. Elevated plasma D-dimer levels are associated with risk of future incident venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2021; 208:121-126. [PMID: 34763296 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND D-dimer, a global biomarker for activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems, is useful in assessing individual risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence. However, there is limited information on the association between D-dimer and risk of a first lifetime VTE event. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between plasma D-dimer levels and risk of future incident VTE. METHODS A population-based nested case-control study, comprising 414 VTE patients and 843 randomly selected age- and sex-matched controls, was derived from the Tromsø Study (1994-2007). D-dimer was measured in plasma samples collected at cohort baseline (1994-95). Odds ratios (ORs) for VTE with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated according to quartile cut-offs of D-dimer levels determined in controls. RESULTS The risk of VTE increased across quartiles of D-dimer levels (Ptrend = 0.014) in the age- and sex-adjusted model. Participants with plasma D-dimer levels in the highest quartile (≥152 ng/mL) had an OR for VTE of 1.65 (95% CI 1.14-2.40) compared with those in the lowest quartile (<94 ng/mL). The ORs were marginally attenuated after additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04-2.20) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.90-1.98). Similar results were obtained for VTE subgroups, i.e. deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and provoked/unprovoked events. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that elevated plasma D-dimer levels are associated with increased risk of incident VTE. However, the attenuation of risk estimates upon additional adjustment for BMI and CRP suggests that D-dimer partly reflects underlying conditions associated with obesity and an inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen-Sofie Hansen
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Fridtjof B Rinde
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magnus S Edvardsen
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristian Hindberg
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nadezhda Latysheva
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Bjarne Hansen
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sigrid K Brækkan
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vânia M Morelli
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Li H, Tang D, Chen J, Hu Y, Cai X, Zhang P. The Clinical Value of GDF15 and Its Prospective Mechanism in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:710977. [PMID: 34566964 PMCID: PMC8456026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.710977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases, and there are few studies on its relationship with sepsis. This article aims to explore the clinical value of GDF15 in sepsis and to preliminarily explore its prospective regulatory effect on macrophage inflammation and its functions. We recruited 320 subjects (132 cases in sepsis group, 93 cases in nonsepsis group, and 95 cases in control group), then detected the serum GDF15 levels and laboratory indicators, and further investigated the correlation between GDF15 and laboratory indicators, and also analyzed the clinical value of GDF15 in sepsis diagnosis, severity assessment, and prognosis. In vitro, we used LPS to stimulate THP-1 and RAW264.7 cells to establish the inflammatory model, and detected the expression of GDF15 in the culture medium and cells under the inflammatory state. After that, we added GDF15 recombinant protein (rGDF15) pretreatment to explore its prospective regulatory effect on macrophage inflammation and its functions. The results showed that the serum GDF15 levels were significantly increased in the sepsis group, which was correlated with laboratory indexes of organ damage, coagulation indexes, inflammatory factors, and SOFA score. GDF15 also has a high AUC in the diagnosis of sepsis, which can be further improved by combining with other indicators. The dynamic monitoring of GDF15 levels can play an important role in the judgment and prognosis of sepsis. In the inflammatory state, the expression of intracellular and extracellular GDF15 increased. GDF15 can reduce the levels of cytokines, inhibit M1 polarization induced by LPS, and promote M2 polarization. Moreover, GDF15 also enhances the phagocytosis and bactericidal function of macrophages. Finally, we observed a decreased level of the phosphorylation of JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 with the pretreatment of rGDF15. In summary, our study found that GDF15 has good clinical application value in sepsis and plays a protective role in the development of sepsis by regulating the functions of macrophages and inhibiting the activation of JAK1/STAT3 pathway and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongling Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ten Cate H. Thrombosis: Grand Challenges Ahead! Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:637005. [PMID: 34017864 PMCID: PMC8129168 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.637005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Ten Cate
- Thrombosis Expertise Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center of Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Ouyang J, Isnard S, Lin J, Fombuena B, Peng X, Chen Y, Routy JP. GDF-15 as a Weight Watcher for Diabetic and Non-Diabetic People Treated With Metformin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:581839. [PMID: 33312159 PMCID: PMC7708317 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.581839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight gain and obesity are global health concerns contributing to morbidity with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver steatohepatitis and cancer. Pharmacological therapies or bariatric surgery are often required for those who fail to adhere to diet and lifestyle modifications. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, seems to have a health benefit beyond its anti-hyperglycemic properties, with few side effects. Emerging evidence shows weight loss to be associated with metformin in both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Recently, the growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, has been identified as a key mediator of metformin-induced weight loss. Metformin increases the secretion of GDF-15, which binds exclusively to glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL). This gut-brain cytokine works as a prominent player in reducing food intake and body weight in health and disease, like anorexia nervosa and cancer. Herein, we critically review advances in the understanding of the weight-reducing effects of metformin via the GDF-15 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ouyang
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Lin
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brandon Fombuena
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaorong Peng
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Routy, ; Yaokai Chen,
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Routy, ; Yaokai Chen,
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