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He K, Zhang H, Tan B, Song C, Liang Z, Zhang L, Tian D, Xiao L, Xue H, Guo Q, Teng X, Jin S, An C, Wu Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Heart Aging by Downregulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07586-w. [PMID: 38884920 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07586-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aging contributes significantly to cardiovascular diseases and cardiac dysfunction, leading to the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the heart and a significant decrease in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content, coupled with impaired cardiac diastolic function. This study explores whether supplementing exogenous hydrogen sulfide during aging ameliorates the decline in H2S concentration in the heart, suppresses MMP-9 expression, and improves the age-associated impairment in cardiac morphology and function. METHODS We collected plasma from healthy individuals of different ages to determine the relationship between aging and H2S and MMP-9 levels through Elisa detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MC) detection of plasma H2S content. Three-month-old mice were selected as the young group, while 18-month-old mice were selected as the old group, and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was injected intraperitoneally from 15 months old until 18 months old as the old + NaHS group. Plasma MMP-9 content was detected using Elisa, plasma H2S content, cardiac H2S content, and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) activity were detected using LC/MC, and cardiac function was detected using echocardiography. Heart structure was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masone staining was used to detect the degree of cardiac fibrosis, while western blot was used to detect the expression of MMP-9, CSE, and aging marker proteins. Knockdown of MMP-9 and CSE in H9c2 cells using small interfering RNA was carried out to determine the upstream-downstream relationship between MMP-9 and CSE. RESULTS H2S content in the plasma of healthy individuals decreases with escalating age, whereas MMP-9 level rises with age progression. Aging leads to a decrease in H2S levels in the heart and plasma of mice, severe impairment of cardiac diastolic function, interstitial relaxation, and fibrosis of the heart. Supplementing with exogenous H2S can improve these phenomena. CONCLUSION H2S maintains the structure and function of the heart by inhibiting the expression of MMP-9 during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichuan He
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Huaxing Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengqing Song
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Zihui Liang
- Clinical Practice Teaching Department, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Hebei Children's Hospital, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Cuixia An
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, 050017, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Aging, 050017, Hebei, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, 050017, Hebei, China.
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Luo S, Hu Q, Jiang B, Zhang Z, Sun D. Bioinformatics analysis for constructing a cellular senescence-related age-related macular degeneration diagnostic model and identifying relevant disease subtypes to guide treatment. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8044-8069. [PMID: 38742956 PMCID: PMC11131993 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition causing progressive central vision loss. Growing evidence suggests a link between cellular senescence and AMD. However, the exact mechanism by which cellular senescence leads to AMD remains unclear. Employing machine learning, we established an AMD diagnostic model. Through unsupervised clustering, two distinct AMD subtypes were identified. GO, KEGG, and GSVA analyses explored the diverse biological functions associated with the two subtypes. By WGCNA, we constructed a coexpression network of differential genes between the subtypes, revealing the regulatory role of hub genes at the level of transcription factors and miRNAs. We identified 5 genes associated with inflammation for the construction of the AMD diagnostic model. Additionally, we observed that the level of cellular senescence and pathways related to programmed cell death (PCD), such as ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, exhibited higher expression levels in subtype B than A. Immune microenvironments also differed between the subtypes, indicating potentially distinct pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. In summary, by leveraging cellular senescence-associated gene expression, we developed an AMD diagnostic model. Furthermore, we identified two subtypes with varying expression patterns of senescence genes, revealing their differential roles in programmed cell death, disease progression, and immune microenvironments within AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dawei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Quiros-Roldan E, Sottini A, Natali PG, Imberti L. The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases. Microorganisms 2024; 12:775. [PMID: 38674719 PMCID: PMC11051847 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune system aging is becoming a field of increasing public health interest because of prolonged life expectancy, which is not paralleled by an increase in health expectancy. As age progresses, innate and adaptive immune systems undergo changes, which are defined, respectively, as inflammaging and immune senescence. A wealth of available data demonstrates that these two conditions are closely linked, leading to a greater vulnerability of elderly subjects to viral, bacterial, and opportunistic infections as well as lower post-vaccination protection. To face this novel scenario, an in-depth assessment of the immune players involved in this changing epidemiology is demanded regarding the individual and concerted involvement of immune cells and mediators within endogenous and exogenous factors and co-morbidities. This review provides an overall updated description of the changes affecting the aging immune system, which may be of help in understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with the main age-associated infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST- Spedali Civili and DSCS- University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Services Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Pier Giorgio Natali
- Mediterranean Task Force for Cancer Control (MTCC), Via Pizzo Bernina, 14, 00141 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, P. le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Shapiro DS, Ellis R, Zidan J, Wiener-Well Y, Bar-Meir M, Ben-Chetrit E. An epidemiological survey of COVID-19 serology and its association with clinical infection among older adults- does antibody titer matter? BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:160. [PMID: 38360589 PMCID: PMC10870624 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study we assessed the response to COVID-19 vaccination and infection rates among nursing homes (NH) and assisted-living care home (ALCH) residents. METHODS The study was conducted between August 2021 and January 2022, after widespread population vaccination with the third dose of Pfizer-BioNtech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in Israel. Three groups were addressed: hospitalized older patients; NH and ALCH residents. Demographic data, COVID-19 serology (anti-spike IgG antibodies) and PCR test results were obtained to assess the dynamics of antibody titers and its correlation to infection rates. RESULTS Two-hundred eighty-five individuals were evaluated; 92 hospitalized patients; 100 ALCH residents and 93 NH residents. In the latter two groups two serology surveys were conducted three months apart. Hospitalized patients were younger than ALCH and NH residents (mean age 80.4 ± 8 versus 82.6 ± 8 and 83.6 ± 5, respectively, p = 0.01), and had more comorbidities (p = 0.003). The degree of decline in the antibody level overtime was similar in ALCH and NH residents. Infection rates were higher among NH residents than ALCH residents [35/91 (38.4%) versus 11/100 (11%), p < 0.001]. Antibody level was lower among those infected [2113 (1271-3512) Au/ml versus 4113 (3364-5029) Au/ml, p < 0.001]. Adjusted analysis showed that NH residence, but not antibody levels, were significantly associated with infection. CONCLUSION Among older adults, infection rates inversely correlated with antibody level. However, only nursing home residence was significantly associated with infection, suggesting that other factors such as crowding considerably contribute to the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvorah Sara Shapiro
- Department of Geriatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Shmu'el Bait St 12, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Refael Ellis
- Department of Geriatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Shmu'el Bait St 12, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jowad Zidan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Shmu'el Bait St 12, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yonit Wiener-Well
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Shmu'el Bait St 12, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maskit Bar-Meir
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Shmu'el Bait St 12, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Ben-Chetrit
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Shmu'el Bait St 12, Jerusalem, Israel
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Huang Y, Liu J, Liang D. Comprehensive analysis reveals key genes and environmental toxin exposures underlying treatment response in ulcerative colitis based on in-silico analysis and Mendelian randomization. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14141-14171. [PMID: 38059894 PMCID: PMC10756092 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UC is increasingly prevalent worldwide and represents a significant global disease burden. Although medical therapeutics are employed, they often fall short of being optimal, leaving patients struggling with treatment non-responsiveness and many related complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study utilized gene microarray data and clinical information from GEO. Gene enrichment and differential expression analyses were conducted using Metascape and Limma, respectively. Lasso Regression Algorithm was constructed using glmnet and heat maps were generated using pheatmap. ROC curves were used to assess diagnostic parameter capability, while XSum was employed to screen for small-molecule drugs exacerbating UC. Molecular docking was carried out using Autodock Vina. The study also performed Mendelian randomization analysis based on TwoSampleMR and used CTD to investigate the relationship between exposure to environmental chemical toxicants and UC therapy responsiveness. RESULTS Six genes (ELL2, DAPP1, SAMD9L, CD38, IGSF6, and LYN) were found to be significantly overexpressed in UC patient samples that did not respond to multiple therapies. Lasso analysis identified ELL2 and DAPP1 as key genes influencing UC treatment response. Both genes accurately predicted intestinal inflammation in UC and impacted the immunological infiltration status. Clofibrate showed therapeutic potential for UC by binding to ELL2 and DAPP1 proteins. The study also reviews environmental toxins and drug exposures that could impact UC progression. CONCLUSIONS We used microarray technology to identify DAPP1 and ELL2 as key genes that impact UC treatment response and inflammatory progression. Clofibrate was identified as a promising UC treatment. Our review also highlights the impact of environmental toxins on UC treatment response, providing valuable insights for personalized clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The PLA Navy Anqing Hospital, Anqing 246000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dingbao Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The PLA Navy Anqing Hospital, Anqing 246000, Anhui Province, China
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6
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Kim JEJ, Tung LT, Jiang RR, Yousefi M, Liang Y, Malo D, Vidal SM, Nijnik A. Dysregulation of B lymphocyte development in the SKG mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology 2023; 170:553-566. [PMID: 37688495 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 1% of the world's population and is characterised by joint inflammation, the destruction of articular cartilage and bone, and many potentially life-threatening extraarticular manifestations. B lymphocytes play a central role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis as the precursors of autoantibody secreting plasma cells, as highly potent antigen-presenting cells, and as a source of various inflammatory cytokines, however, the effects of rheumatoid arthritis on B lymphocyte development remain poorly understood. Here, we analyse B lymphocyte development in murine models of rheumatoid arthritis, quantifying all the subsets of B cell precursors in the bone marrow and splenic B cells using flow cytometry. We demonstrate a severe reduction in pre-B cells and immature B cells in the bone marrow of mice with active disease, despite no major effects on the mature naïve B cell numbers. The loss of B cell precursors in the bone marrow of the affected mice was associated with a highly significant reduction in the proportion of Ki67+ cells, indicating impaired cell proliferation, while the viability of the B cell precursors was not significantly affected. We also observed some mobilisation of the B cell precursor cells into the mouse spleen, demonstrated with flow cytometry and pre-B colony forming units assays. In summary, the current work demonstrates a severe dysregulation in B lymphocyte development in murine rheumatoid arthritis, with possible implications for B cell repertoire formation, tolerance induction, and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Eun June Kim
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lin Tze Tung
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roselyn R Jiang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mitra Yousefi
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danielle Malo
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Huang W, Yi S, Zhao L. Genetic Features of Young and Aged Animals After Peripheral Nerve Injury: Implications for Diminished Regeneration Capacity. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:4363-4375. [PMID: 37922116 PMCID: PMC10661822 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous regeneration capacity of peripheral nerves is fundamentally reduced with advancing age, leading to severe and long-term functional loss. The cellular and molecular basis underlying incomplete and delayed recovery of aging peripheral nerves is still murky. Here, we collected sciatic nerves of aged rats at 1d, 4d, and 7d after nerve injury, systematically analyzed the transcriptional changes of injured sciatic nerves, and examined the differences of injury responses between aged rats and young rats. RNA sequencing revealed that sciatic nerves of aged and young rats exhibit distinctive expression patterns after nerve injury. Acute and vigorous immune responses, including motivated B cell receptor signaling pathway, occurred in injured sciatic nerves of both aged and young rats. Different from young rats, aged rats have more CD8+ T cells and B cells in normal state and the elevation of M2 macrophages seemed to be more robust in sciatic nerves, especially at later time points after nerve injury. Young rats, on the other hand, showed strong and early up-regulation of cell cycle-related genes. These identified unique transcriptional signatures of aged and young rats help the understanding of aged-associated injury responses in the wound microenvironments and provide essential basis for the treatment of regeneration deficits in aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Huang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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Bissa M, Galli V, Schifanella L, Vaccari M, Rahman MA, Gorini G, Binello N, Sarkis S, Gutowska A, Silva de Castro I, Doster MN, Moles R, Ferrari G, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, N’guessan KF, Paquin-Proulx D, Kozlowski PA, Venzon DJ, Choo-Wosoba H, Breed MW, Kramer J, Franchini G. In Vivo Treatment with Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Reduces CCR5 Expression on Vaccine-Induced Activated CD4 + T-Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1662. [PMID: 38005994 PMCID: PMC10675829 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
At the heart of the DNA/ALVAC/gp120/alum vaccine's efficacy in the absence of neutralizing antibodies is a delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses that effectively decreases the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition in macaques. Vaccine efficacy is linked to antibodies recognizing the V2 helical conformation, DC-10 tolerogenic dendritic cells eliciting the clearance of apoptotic cells via efferocytosis, and CCR5 downregulation on vaccine-induced gut homing CD4+ cells. RAS activation is also linked to vaccine efficacy, which prompted the testing of IGF-1, a potent inducer of RAS activation with vaccination. We found that IGF-1 changed the hierarchy of V1/V2 epitope recognition and decreased both ADCC specific for helical V2 and efferocytosis. Remarkably, IGF-1 also reduced the expression of CCR5 on vaccine-induced CD4+ gut-homing T-cells, compensating for its negative effect on ADCC and efferocytosis and resulting in equivalent vaccine efficacy (71% with IGF-1 and 69% without).
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Galli
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Tulane National Primate Center & School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70118, USA
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolò Binello
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramona Moles
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kombo F. N’guessan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew W. Breed
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Joshua Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Baxter RC. Signaling Pathways of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:753-778. [PMID: 36974712 PMCID: PMC10502586 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The 6 high-affinity insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are multifunctional proteins that modulate cell signaling through multiple pathways. Their canonical function at the cellular level is to impede access of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 to their principal receptor IGF1R, but IGFBPs can also inhibit, or sometimes enhance, IGF1R signaling either through their own post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or limited proteolysis, or by their interactions with other regulatory proteins. Beyond the regulation of IGF1R activity, IGFBPs have been shown to modulate cell survival, migration, metabolism, and other functions through mechanisms that do not appear to involve the IGF-IGF1R system. This is achieved by interacting directly or functionally with integrins, transforming growth factor β family receptors, and other cell-surface proteins as well as intracellular ligands that are intermediates in a wide range of pathways. Within the nucleus, IGFBPs can regulate the diverse range of functions of class II nuclear hormone receptors and have roles in both cell senescence and DNA damage repair by the nonhomologous end-joining pathway, thus potentially modifying the efficacy of certain cancer therapeutics. They also modulate some immune functions and may have a role in autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. IGFBPs have been proposed as attractive therapeutic targets, but their ubiquity in the circulation and at the cellular level raises many challenges. By understanding the diversity of regulatory pathways with which IGFBPs interact, there may still be therapeutic opportunities based on modulation of IGFBP-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital,St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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10
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Sentyabreva AV, Miroshnichenko EA, Melnikova EA, Tsvetkov IS, Kosyreva AM. Morphofunctional Changes in Brain and Peripheral Blood in Adult and Aged Wistar Rats with AlCl 3-Induced Neurodegeneration. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2336. [PMID: 37760778 PMCID: PMC10526012 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the general lifespan has been prolonged greatly during the past century, and the incidence of age-associated diseases, including neurodegenerative ones, has increased as well. However, modelling of age-related pathologies is mostly conducted on adult rodents. We studied morphofunctional changes in the brain and peripheral blood of adult Wistar rats in comparison with old Wistar rats to determine age-related physiological changes and differences in adaptive reactions to AlCl3 exposure. METHODS the work was performed on adult and old male Wistar rats. The animals consumed a 100 mg/kg solution of AlCl3 each day for 60 days. Morphological changes of neurons and microglia, mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, microglia activation markers, amyloid-related proteins, and hallmarks of cellular senescence, monocyte, and lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood were examined. RESULTS old rats showed increasing hyperchromic neurons in the hippocampus; activation of microglia; upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cellular senescence markers; downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines; and Hif-1a and a decrease in B-cells and monocyte in peripheral blood. CONCLUSION compared to young animals, aged rats respond to aluminum exposure with a severe decline of most cells' function and irreversible neuronal loss. Regarding all reported data, neurodegeneration modelling and investigating of factors capable of accelerating or preventing it should be performed in experimental work on aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vladislavovna Sentyabreva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Alexandrovna Miroshnichenko
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Andreevna Melnikova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Sergeevich Tsvetkov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Mikhailovna Kosyreva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Shen X, Gao X, Luo Y, Xu Q, Fan Y, Hong S, Huang Z, Liu X, Wang Q, Chen Z, Wang D, Lu L, Wu C, Liang H, Wang L. Cxxc finger protein 1 maintains homeostasis and function of intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells with aging. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:965-981. [PMID: 37429951 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by homeostatic and functional dysregulation of multiple immune cell subsets. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) constitute a heterogeneous cell population that plays pivotal roles in intestinal immunity. In this study, we found that ILC3s in aged mice exhibited dysregulated homeostasis and function, leading to bacterial and fungal infection susceptibility. Moreover, our data revealed that the enrichment of the H3K4me3 modification in effector genes of aged gut CCR6+ ILC3s was specifically decreased compared to young mice counterparts. Disruption of Cxxc finger protein 1 (Cxxc1) activity, a key subunit of H3K4 methyltransferase, in ILC3s led to similar aging-related phenotypes. An integrated analysis revealed Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) as a potential Cxxc1 target. Klf4 overexpression partially restored the differentiation and functional defects seen in both aged and Cxxc1-deficient intestinal CCR6+ ILC3s. Therefore, these data suggest that targeting intestinal ILC3s may provide strategies to protect against age-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Co-Facility Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhi Gao
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yikai Luo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qianying Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Hong
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Di Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linrong Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Program of Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lie Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China.
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12
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Zeng S, Liang Y, Lai S, Bi S, Huang L, Li Y, Deng W, Xu P, Liu M, Xiong Z, Chen J, Tu Z, Chen D, Du L. TNFα/TNFR1 signal induces excessive senescence of decidua stromal cells in recurrent pregnancy loss. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 155:103776. [PMID: 36495656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Defects in decidual response are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes which includes recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). It is reported that cellular senescence happens during decidualization and pro-senescent decidual response in the luteal phase endometrium is related to RPL. However, the underlying mechanisms of how excessive decidual senescence takes place in RPL decidua cells remain largely unexplored. The senescent phenotype of RPL decidua and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1) expression were analyzed by using our previously published single-cell sequencing dataset of decidua cells from 6 RPL and 5 matched normal decidua, which were further verified by PCR and WB in decidual tissues. Effects of TNFα on the decidual stromal cells (DSCs) senescence and underlying molecular pathways were analyzed using the in vitro decidualization model of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs). We showed that decidual stroma cells from RPL patients exhibited transcriptomic features of cellular senescence by analysis of single-cell datasets. The TNFα level and TNFR1 expression were increased in RPL decidua tissues. Furthermore, in vitro cell model demonstrated that increased TNFα induced excessive senescence during decidualization and TNFR1/p53/p16 pathway mediates TNFα-induced stromal senescence. In addition, we also found that the expression of IGFBP1 was regulated by TNFα-TNFR1 interaction during decidualization. Taken together, the present findings suggest that the increased secretion of TNFα induced stromal cell excessive senescence in RPL decidua, which is mediated via TNFR1, and thus provide a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yingyu Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Siying Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Shilei Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yulian Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Weinan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Zhongtang Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangzhou 510150, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowei Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangzhou 510150, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangzhou 510150, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangzhou 510150, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Xing L, Deng L, Wang X, Xu D, Wang B, Zhang Z. Clinical Characterization of the Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 and Tumor Immunosuppression Caused by Ferroptosis of Neutrophils in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:997-1015. [PMID: 36974063 PMCID: PMC10039630 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s401225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The efficacy of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited owing to cold tumors and drug resistance. Therefore, it is important to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying immune evasion in NSCLC. Spontaneous ferroptosis of neutrophils has been suggested as a key mechanism of immunosuppression in cancer. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) plays an important role in immune infiltration in several cancers. However, the role of IGFBP1 in NSCLC is unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the association of IGFBP1 mRNA expression with infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and prognosis in NSCLC. Patients and Methods Retrospective RNA-seq data from 990 patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed in relation to patient clinical characteristics. The Timer2 database was used to assess immune infiltration, and the FerrDb V2 database was used to obtain ferroptosis-related genes. Finally, the results were validated by the proteomic analysis of serum samples collected from six patients with NSCLC and six healthy individuals. Results IGFBP1 expression was enriched in lung adenocarcinoma samples and positively correlated with the pathological grade of NSCLC. IGFBP1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of patients with NSCLC. In addition, IGFBP1 expression correlated with myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration. Notably, Gene Ontology analysis of IGFBP1-related genes revealed that the major molecular functions of their protein products were related to NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity. Furthermore, expression levels of multiple ferroptosis suppressor genes positively correlated with IGFBP1 expression. Conclusion High IGFBP1 expression indicates a poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC, which may be related to tumor immunosuppression caused by neutrophil ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandi Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Xing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lexiu Deng
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhihua Zhang, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 0313 8033598, Email
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14
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Interaction of aging and Immunosenescence: New therapeutic targets of aging. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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The immunopathology of B lymphocytes during stroke-induced injury and repair. Semin Immunopathol 2022:10.1007/s00281-022-00971-3. [PMID: 36446955 PMCID: PMC9708141 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
B cells, also known as B lymphocytes or lymphoid lineage cells, are a historically understudied cell population with regard to brain-related injuries and diseases. However, an increasing number of publications have begun to elucidate the different phenotypes and roles B cells can undertake during central nervous system (CNS) pathology, including following ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. B cell phenotype is intrinsically linked to function following stroke, as they may be beneficial or detrimental depending on the subset, timing, and microenvironment. Factors such as age, sex, and presence of co-morbidity also influence the behavior of post-stroke B cells. The following review will briefly describe B cells from origination to senescence, explore B cell function by integrating decades of stroke research, differentiate between the known B cell subtypes and their respective activity, discuss some of the physiological influences on B cells as well as the influence of B cells on certain physiological functions, and highlight the differences between B cells in healthy and disease states with particular emphasis in the context of ischemic stroke.
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