1
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Saha A, Palchaudhuri R, Lanieri L, Hyzy S, Riddle MJ, Panthera J, Eide CR, Tolar J, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Gorfinkel L, Tkachev V, Gerdemann U, Alvarez-Calderon F, Palato ER, MacMillan ML, Wagner JE, Kean LS, Osborn MJ, Kiem HP, Scadden DT, Olson LM, Blazar BR. Alloengraftment without significant toxicity or GVHD in CD45 antibody-drug conjugate-conditioned Fanconi anemia mice. Blood 2024; 143:2201-2216. [PMID: 38447038 PMCID: PMC11143525 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited DNA repair disorder characterized by bone marrow (BM) failure, developmental abnormalities, myelodysplasia, leukemia, and solid tumor predisposition. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), a mainstay treatment, is limited by conditioning regimen-related toxicity and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can open marrow niches permitting donor stem cell alloengraftment. Here, we report that single dose anti-mouse CD45-targeted ADC (CD45-ADC) facilitated stable, multilineage chimerism in 3 distinct FA mouse models representing 90% of FA complementation groups. CD45-ADC profoundly depleted host stem cell enriched Lineage-Sca1+cKit+ cells within 48 hours. Fanca-/- recipients of minor-mismatched BM and single dose CD45-ADC had peripheral blood (PB) mean donor chimerism >90%; donor HSCs alloengraftment was verified in secondary recipients. In Fancc-/- and Fancg-/- recipients of fully allogeneic grafts, PB mean donor chimerism was 60% to 80% and 70% to 80%, respectively. The mean percent donor chimerism in BM and spleen mirrored PB results. CD45-ADC-conditioned mice did not have clinical toxicity. A transient <2.5-fold increase in hepatocellular enzymes and mild-to-moderate histopathological changes were seen. Under GVHD allo-HSCT conditions, wild-type and Fanca-/- recipients of CD45-ADC had markedly reduced GVHD lethality compared with lethal irradiation. Moreover, single dose anti-human CD45-ADC given to rhesus macaque nonhuman primates on days -6 or -10 was at least as myeloablative as lethal irradiation. These data suggest that CD45-ADC can potently promote donor alloengraftment and hematopoiesis without significant toxicity or severe GVHD, as seen with lethal irradiation, providing strong support for clinical trial considerations in highly vulnerable patients with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Saha
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | | - Megan J. Riddle
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jamie Panthera
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Cindy R. Eide
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lev Gorfinkel
- Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Victor Tkachev
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Transplantation Sciences, Mass General Brigham and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ulrike Gerdemann
- Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Margaret L. MacMillan
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - John E. Wagner
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Leslie S. Kean
- Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Mark J. Osborn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Department of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David T. Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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2
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Shin U, Lee Y. Unraveling DNA Repair Processes In Vivo: Insights from Zebrafish Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13120. [PMID: 37685935 PMCID: PMC10487404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical role of the DNA repair system in preserving the health and survival of living organisms is widely recognized as dysfunction within this system can result in a broad range of severe conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, blood disorders, infertility, and cancer. Despite comprehensive research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of DNA repair pathways, there remains a significant knowledge gap concerning these processes at an organismal level. The teleost zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model organism for investigating these intricate DNA repair mechanisms. Their utility arises from a combination of their well-characterized genomic information, the ability to visualize specific phenotype outcomes in distinct cells and tissues, and the availability of diverse genetic experimental approaches. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of recent advancements in our understanding of the in vivo roles of DNA repair pathways. We cover a variety of critical biological processes including neurogenesis, hematopoiesis, germ cell development, tumorigenesis, and aging, with a specific emphasis on findings obtained from the use of zebrafish as a model system. Our comprehensive review highlights the importance of zebrafish in enhancing our understanding of the functions of DNA repair systems at the organismal level and paves the way for future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unbeom Shin
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
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3
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Large-scale generation and phenotypic characterization of zebrafish CRISPR mutants of DNA repair genes. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103173. [PMID: 34390914 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A systematic knowledge of the roles of DNA repair genes at the level of the organism has been limited due to the lack of appropriate experimental approaches using animal model systems. Zebrafish has become a powerful vertebrate genetic model system with availability due to the ease of genome editing and large-scale phenotype screening. Here, we generated zebrafish mutants for 32 DNA repair and replication genes through multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis. Large-scale phenotypic characterization of our mutant collection revealed that three genes (atad5a, ddb1, pcna) are essential for proper embryonic development and hematopoiesis; seven genes (apex1, atrip, ino80, mre11a, shfm1, telo2, wrn) are required for growth and development during juvenile stage and six genes (blm, brca2, fanci, rad51, rad54l, rtel1) play critical roles in sex development. Furthermore, mutation in six genes (atad5a, brca2, polk, rad51, shfm1, xrcc1) displayed hypersensitivity to DNA damage agents. Our zebrafish mutant collection provides a unique resource for understanding of the roles of DNA repair genes at the organismal level.
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4
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Animal models of Fanconi anemia: A developmental and therapeutic perspective on a multifaceted disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 113:113-131. [PMID: 33558144 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure, and increased susceptibility to cancer. FA animal models have been useful to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Herein, we review FA developmental models that have been developed to simulate human FA, focusing on zebrafish and mouse models. We summarize the recapitulated phenotypes observed in these in vivo models including bone, gametogenesis and sterility defects, as well as marrow failure. We also discuss the relevance of aldehydes in pathogenesis of FA, emphasizing on hematopoietic defects. In addition, we provide a summary of potential therapeutic agents, such as aldehyde scavengers, TGFβ inhibitors, and gene therapy for FA. The diversity of FA animal models makes them useful for understanding FA etiology and allows the discovery of new therapies.
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5
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TALEN mediated gene editing in a mouse model of Fanconi anemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6997. [PMID: 32332829 PMCID: PMC7181878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The promising ability to genetically modify hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by precise gene editing remains challenging due to their sensitivity to in vitro manipulations and poor efficiencies of homologous recombination. This study represents the first evidence of implementing a gene editing strategy in a murine safe harbor locus site that phenotypically corrects primary cells from a mouse model of Fanconi anemia A. By means of the co-delivery of transcription activator-like effector nucleases and a donor therapeutic FANCA template to the Mbs85 locus, we achieved efficient gene targeting (23%) in mFA-A fibroblasts. This resulted in the phenotypic correction of these cells, as revealed by the reduced sensitivity of these cells to mitomycin C. Moreover, robust evidence of targeted integration was observed in murine wild type and FA-A hematopoietic progenitor cells, reaching mean targeted integration values of 21% and 16% respectively, that were associated with the phenotypic correction of these cells. Overall, our results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a therapeutic targeted integration strategy into the mMbs85 locus, ortholog to the well-validated hAAVS1, constituting the first study of gene editing in mHSC with TALEN, that sets the basis for the use of a new safe harbor locus in mice.
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Mulderrig L, Garaycoechea JI. XPF-ERCC1 protects liver, kidney and blood homeostasis outside the canonical excision repair pathways. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008555. [PMID: 32271760 PMCID: PMC7144963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of the XPF-ERCC1 endonuclease causes a dramatic phenotype that results in progeroid features associated with liver, kidney and bone marrow dysfunction. As this nuclease is involved in multiple DNA repair transactions, it is plausible that this severe phenotype results from the simultaneous inactivation of both branches of nucleotide excision repair (GG- and TC-NER) and Fanconi anaemia (FA) inter-strand crosslink (ICL) repair. Here we use genetics in human cells and mice to investigate the interaction between the canonical NER and ICL repair pathways and, subsequently, how their joint inactivation phenotypically overlaps with XPF-ERCC1 deficiency. We find that cells lacking TC-NER are sensitive to crosslinking agents and that there is a genetic interaction between NER and FA in the repair of certain endogenous crosslinking agents. However, joint inactivation of GG-NER, TC-NER and FA crosslink repair cannot account for the hypersensitivity of XPF-deficient cells to classical crosslinking agents nor is it sufficient to explain the extreme phenotype of Ercc1-/- mice. These analyses indicate that XPF-ERCC1 has important functions outside of its central role in NER and FA crosslink repair which are required to prevent endogenous DNA damage. Failure to resolve such damage leads to loss of tissue homeostasis in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Mulderrig
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juan I. Garaycoechea
- Hubrecht Institute–KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan, CT Utrecht, Netherlands
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7
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Montanuy H, Martínez-Barriocanal Á, Antonio Casado J, Rovirosa L, Ramírez MJ, Nieto R, Carrascoso-Rubio C, Riera P, González A, Lerma E, Lasa A, Carreras-Puigvert J, Helleday T, Bueren JA, Arango D, Minguillón J, Surrallés J. Gefitinib and Afatinib Show Potential Efficacy for Fanconi Anemia-Related Head and Neck Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3044-3057. [PMID: 32005748 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fanconi anemia rare disease is characterized by bone marrow failure and a high predisposition to solid tumors, especially head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with Fanconi anemia with HNSCC are not eligible for conventional therapies due to high toxicity in healthy cells, predominantly hematotoxicity, and the only treatment currently available is surgical resection. In this work, we searched and validated two already approved drugs as new potential therapies for HNSCC in patients with Fanconi anemia. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted a high-content screening of 3,802 drugs in a FANCA-deficient tumor cell line to identify nongenotoxic drugs with cytotoxic/cytostatic activity. The best candidates were further studied in vitro and in vivo for efficacy and safety. RESULTS Several FDA/European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved anticancer drugs showed cancer-specific lethality or cell growth inhibition in Fanconi anemia HNSCC cell lines. The two best candidates, gefitinib and afatinib, EGFR inhibitors approved for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), displayed nontumor/tumor IC50 ratios of approximately 400 and approximately 100 times, respectively. Neither gefitinib nor afatinib activated the Fanconi anemia signaling pathway or induced chromosomal fragility in Fanconi anemia cell lines. Importantly, both drugs inhibited tumor growth in xenograft experiments in immunodeficient mice using two Fanconi anemia patient-derived HNSCCs. Finally, in vivo toxicity studies in Fanca-deficient mice showed that administration of gefitinib or afatinib was well-tolerated, displayed manageable side effects, no toxicity to bone marrow progenitors, and did not alter any hematologic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our data present a complete preclinical analysis and promising therapeutic line of the first FDA/EMA-approved anticancer drugs exerting cancer-specific toxicity for HNSCC in patients with Fanconi anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Montanuy
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Águeda Martínez-Barriocanal
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Molecular Oncology, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Llorenç Rovirosa
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Ramírez
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Genetics Department and Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Nieto
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Carrascoso-Rubio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Riera
- Genetics Department and Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Pharmacy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan González
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Lerma
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Lasa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Genetics Department and Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Carreras-Puigvert
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan A Bueren
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Arango
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Molecular Oncology, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Minguillón
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Radtke S, Humbert O, Kiem HP. Mouse models in hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy and genome editing. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 174:113692. [PMID: 31705854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has become an important treatment option for a variety of hematological diseases. The biggest advances have been made with CAR T cells and many of those studies are now FDA approved as a routine treatment for some hematologic malignancies. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy is not far behind with treatment approvals granted for beta-hemoglobinopathies and adenosine deaminase severe combined immune deficiency (ADA-SCID), and additional approbations currently being sought. With the current pace of research, the significant investment of biotech companies, and the continuously growing toolbox of viral as well as non-viral gene delivery methods, the development of new ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy approaches is at an all-time high. Research in the field of gene therapy has been ongoing for more than 4 decades with big success stories as well as devastating drawbacks along the way. In particular, the damaging effect of uncontrolled viral vector integration observed in the initial gene therapy applications in the 90s led to a more comprehensive upfront safety assessment of treatment strategies. Since the late 90s, an important read-out to comprehensively assess the quality and safety of cell products has come forward with the mouse xenograft model. Here, we review the use of mouse models across the different stages of basic, pre-clinical and translational research towards the clinical application of HSC-mediated gene therapy and editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Radtke
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Olivier Humbert
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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9
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Río P, Navarro S, Wang W, Sánchez-Domínguez R, Pujol RM, Segovia JC, Bogliolo M, Merino E, Wu N, Salgado R, Lamana ML, Yañez RM, Casado JA, Giménez Y, Román-Rodríguez FJ, Álvarez L, Alberquilla O, Raimbault A, Guenechea G, Lozano ML, Cerrato L, Hernando M, Gálvez E, Hladun R, Giralt I, Barquinero J, Galy A, García de Andoín N, López R, Catalá A, Schwartz JD, Surrallés J, Soulier J, Schmidt M, Díaz de Heredia C, Sevilla J, Bueren JA. Successful engraftment of gene-corrected hematopoietic stem cells in non-conditioned patients with Fanconi anemia. Nat Med 2019; 25:1396-1401. [PMID: 31501599 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a DNA repair syndrome generated by mutations in any of the 22 FA genes discovered to date1,2. Mutations in FANCA account for more than 60% of FA cases worldwide3,4. Clinically, FA is associated with congenital abnormalities and cancer predisposition. However, bone marrow failure is the primary pathological feature of FA that becomes evident in 70-80% of patients with FA during the first decade of life5,6. In this clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03157804 ; European Clinical Trials Database, 2011-006100-12), we demonstrate that lentiviral-mediated hematopoietic gene therapy reproducibly confers engraftment and proliferation advantages of gene-corrected hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in non-conditioned patients with FA subtype A. Insertion-site analyses revealed the multipotent nature of corrected HSCs and showed that the repopulation advantage of these cells was not due to genotoxic integrations of the therapeutic provirus. Phenotypic correction of blood and bone marrow cells was shown by the acquired resistance of hematopoietic progenitors and T lymphocytes to DNA cross-linking agents. Additionally, an arrest of bone marrow failure progression was observed in patients with the highest levels of gene marking. The progressive engraftment of corrected HSCs in non-conditioned patients with FA supports that gene therapy should constitute an innovative low-toxicity therapeutic option for this life-threatening disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Río
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Navarro
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany.,GeneWerk, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebeca Sánchez-Domínguez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser M Pujol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servicio de Genética, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C Segovia
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Bogliolo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servicio de Genética, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Merino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Pediátrica, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ning Wu
- Division of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rocío Salgado
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Lamana
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Yañez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Casado
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yari Giménez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Román-Rodríguez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Álvarez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Omaira Alberquilla
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Raimbault
- Université de Paris (IRSL, INSERM, CNRS), Paris, France.,Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Guillermo Guenechea
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Luz Lozano
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cerrato
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Hernando
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Gálvez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Pediátrica, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Hladun
- Servicio de Oncología y Hematología Pediátricas, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irina Giralt
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo López
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Albert Catalá
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología y Oncología, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Surrallés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servicio de Genética, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean Soulier
- Université de Paris (IRSL, INSERM, CNRS), Paris, France.,Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Division of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany.,GeneWerk, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Díaz de Heredia
- Servicio de Oncología y Hematología Pediátricas, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Sevilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Pediátrica, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bueren
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited disease that is associated with bone marrow failure and a predisposition to cancer. Previous clinical trials emphasized the difficulties that accompany the use of gene therapy to treat bone marrow failure in patients with FA. Nevertheless, the discovery of new drugs that can efficiently mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the development of optimized procedures for transducing HSCs, using safe, integrative vectors, markedly improved the efficiency by which the phenotype of hematopoietic repopulating cells from patients with FA can be corrected. In addition, these achievements allowed the demonstration of the in vivo proliferation advantage of gene-corrected FA repopulating cells in immunodeficient mice. Significantly, new gene therapy trials are currently ongoing to investigate the progressive restoration of hematopoiesis in patients with FA by gene-corrected autologous HSCs. Further experimental studies are focused on the ex vivo transduction of unpurified FA HSCs, using new pseudotyped vectors that have HSC tropism. Because of the resistance of some of these vectors to serum complement, new strategies for in vivo gene therapy for FA HSCs are in development. Finally, because of the rapid advancements in gene-editing techniques, correction of CD34+ cells isolated from patients with FA is now feasible, using gene-targeting strategies. Taken together, these advances indicate that gene therapy can soon be used as an efficient and safe alternative for the hematopoietic treatment of patients with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Río
- 1 Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; and Madrid, Spain .,3 Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Navarro
- 1 Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; and Madrid, Spain .,3 Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bueren
- 1 Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; and Madrid, Spain .,3 Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD) , Madrid, Spain
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11
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Bueren JA, Quintana-Bustamante O, Almarza E, Navarro S, Río P, Segovia JC, Guenechea G. Advances in the gene therapy of monogenic blood cell diseases. Clin Genet 2019; 97:89-102. [PMID: 31231794 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic gene therapy has markedly progressed during the last 15 years both in terms of safety and efficacy. While a number of serious adverse events (SAE) were initially generated as a consequence of genotoxic insertions of gamma-retroviral vectors in the cell genome, no SAEs and excellent outcomes have been reported in patients infused with autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transduced with self-inactivated lentiviral and gammaretroviral vectors. Advances in the field of HSC gene therapy have extended the number of monogenic diseases that can be treated with these approaches. Nowadays, evidence of clinical efficacy has been shown not only in primary immunodeficiencies, but also in other hematopoietic diseases, including beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. In addition to the rapid progression of non-targeted gene therapies in the clinic, new approaches based on gene editing have been developed thanks to the discovery of designed nucleases and improved non-integrative vectors, which have markedly increased the efficacy and specificity of gene targeting to levels compatible with its clinical application. Based on advances achieved in the field of gene therapy, it can be envisaged that these therapies will soon be part of the therapeutic approaches used to treat life-threatening diseases of the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Bueren
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Quintana-Bustamante
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Almarza
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Navarro
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Río
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - José C Segovia
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Guenechea
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Haworth KG, Ironside C, Ramirez MA, Weitz S, Beard BC, Schwartz JD, Adair JE, Kiem HP. Minimal conditioning in Fanconi anemia promotes multi-lineage marrow engraftment at 10-fold lower cell doses. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3050. [PMID: 30129972 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy approaches for the treatment of Fanconi anemia (FA) hold promise for patients without a suitably matched donor for an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. However, significant limitations include the collection of sufficient stem cell numbers from patients, the fragility of these cells during ex vivo manipulation, and clinically meaningful engraftment following transplantation. With these challenges in mind, we were interested in determining (i) whether gene-corrected cells at progressively lower numbers can successfully engraft in FA; (ii) whether low-dose conditioning facilitates this engraftment; and (iii) whether these cells can be selected for post-transplant. METHODS Utilizing a well characterized mouse model of FA, we infused donor bone marrow from healthy heterozygote littermates that are unaffected carriers of the FANCA mutation to mimic a gene-corrected product, after administering low-dose conditioning. Once baseline engraftment was observed, we administered a second, very-low selective dose to determine whether gene-corrected cells could be selected for in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrate that upfront low-dose conditioning greatly increases successful engraftment of hematopoietic corrected cells in a pre-clinical animal model of FA. Additionally, without conditioning, cells can still engraft and demonstrate a selective advantage in vivo over time following transplantation, and these corrected cells can be directly selected for in vivo after engraftment. CONCLUSIONS Minimal conditioning prior to bone marrow transplant in Fanconi anemia promotes the multi-lineage engraftment of 10-fold fewer cells compared to nonconditioned controls. These data provide important insights into the potential of minimally toxic conditioning protocols for FA gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Haworth
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina Ironside
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan A Ramirez
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Weitz
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer E Adair
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Fernández-García M, Luisa Lamana M, Hernando-Rodríguez M, Sánchez-Domínguez R, Bueren J, Yañez R. Improved Hematopoietic Gene Therapy in a Mouse Model of Fanconi Anemia Mediated by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 29:327-336. [PMID: 28816065 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we propose a novel approach based on the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), aiming at limiting risks of graft failure in gene therapy protocols associated with low conditioning regimens. Because the engraftment of corrected hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is particularly challenging in Fanconi anemia (FA), we have investigated the relevance of MSCs in an experimental model of FA gene therapy. Our results showed, first, that risks of graft failure in recipients conditioned with a moderate dose of 5 Gy and infused with limited numbers of wild-type HSCs are significantly higher in Fanca-/- recipients as compared with wild-type recipients. However, when wild-type HSC numbers inducing 30-50% of graft failures in Fanca-/- recipients were coinfused with MSCs, no graft failures were observed. Moreover, graft failures associated with the infusion of low numbers of gene-corrected Fanca-/- HSCs were also significantly overcome by MSC coinfusion. Our study shows for the first time that MSC coinfusion constitutes a simple and nontoxic approach to minimize risks of graft failure in gene therapy applications associated with low conditioning regimens and infusion of limited numbers of corrected HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-García
- 1 Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales, y Tecnológicas(CIEMAT)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII) , Madrid, Spain.,2 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Lamana
- 1 Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales, y Tecnológicas(CIEMAT)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII) , Madrid, Spain.,2 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Hernando-Rodríguez
- 1 Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales, y Tecnológicas(CIEMAT)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII) , Madrid, Spain.,2 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sánchez-Domínguez
- 1 Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales, y Tecnológicas(CIEMAT)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII) , Madrid, Spain.,2 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Bueren
- 1 Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales, y Tecnológicas(CIEMAT)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII) , Madrid, Spain.,2 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Yañez
- 1 Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales, y Tecnológicas(CIEMAT)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII) , Madrid, Spain.,2 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Pulecio J, Alejo-Valle O, Capellera-Garcia S, Vitaloni M, Rio P, Mejía-Ramírez E, Caserta I, Bueren J, Flygare J, Raya A. Direct Conversion of Fibroblasts to Megakaryocyte Progenitors. Cell Rep 2016; 17:671-683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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15
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Leukemic survival factor SALL4 contributes to defective DNA damage repair. Oncogene 2016; 35:6087-6095. [PMID: 27132514 PMCID: PMC5093088 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SALL4 is aberrantly expressed in human myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We have generated a SALL4 transgenic (SALL4B Tg) mouse model with pre-leukemic MDS-like symptoms that transform to AML over time. This makes our mouse model applicable for studying human MDS/AML diseases. Characterization of the leukemic initiation population in this model leads to the discovery that Fancl (Fanconi anemia, complementation group L) is downregulated in SALL4B Tg leukemic and pre-leukemic cells. Similar to the reported Fanconi anemia (FA) mouse model, chromosomal instability with radial changes can be detected in pre-leukemic SALL4B Tg bone marrow (BM) cells after DNA damage challenge. Results from additional studies using DNA damage repair reporter assays support a role of SALL4 in inhibiting the homologous recombination pathway. Intriguingly, unlike the FA mouse model, after DNA damage challenge, SALL4B Tg BM cells can survive and generate hematopoietic colonies. We further elucidated that the mechanism by which SALL4 promotes cell survival is through Bcl2 activation. Overall, our studies demonstrate for the first time that SALL4 has a negative impact in DNA damage repair, and support the model of dual functional properties of SALL4 in leukemogenesis through inhibiting DNA damage repair and promoting cell survival.
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16
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Cuesta-Domínguez Á, León-Rico D, Álvarez L, Díez B, Bodega-Mayor I, Baños R, Martín-Rey MÁ, Santos-Roncero M, Gaspar ML, Martín-Acosta P, Almarza E, Bueren JA, Río P, Fernández-Ruiz E. BCR-JAK2 drives a myeloproliferative neoplasm in transplanted mice. J Pathol 2015; 236:219-28. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Cuesta-Domínguez
- Molecular Biology Unit; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-P, UAM), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa; Madrid Spain
| | - Diego León-Rico
- Division of Haematopoietic Innovative Therapies; CIEMAT/CIBERER; Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - Lara Álvarez
- Division of Haematopoietic Innovative Therapies; CIEMAT/CIBERER; Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - Begoña Díez
- Division of Haematopoietic Innovative Therapies; CIEMAT/CIBERER; Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - Irene Bodega-Mayor
- Molecular Biology Unit; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-P, UAM), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa; Madrid Spain
| | - Rocío Baños
- Division of Haematopoietic Innovative Therapies; CIEMAT/CIBERER; Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martín-Rey
- Division of Haematopoietic Innovative Therapies; CIEMAT/CIBERER; Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - Matilde Santos-Roncero
- Molecular Biology Unit; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-P, UAM), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa; Madrid Spain
| | - María Luisa Gaspar
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Majadahonda Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Acosta
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro; Majadahonda Spain
| | - Elena Almarza
- Division of Haematopoietic Innovative Therapies; CIEMAT/CIBERER; Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - Juan A. Bueren
- Division of Haematopoietic Innovative Therapies; CIEMAT/CIBERER; Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Río
- Division of Haematopoietic Innovative Therapies; CIEMAT/CIBERER; Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Ruiz
- Molecular Biology Unit; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-P, UAM), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa; Madrid Spain
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17
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Du W, Erden O, Pang Q. TNF-α signaling in Fanconi anemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 52:2-11. [PMID: 23890415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and the acute phase reaction. Dysregulation of TNF production has been implicated in a variety of human diseases including Fanconi anemia (FA). FA is a genomic instability syndrome characterized by progressive bone marrow failure and cancer susceptibility. The patients with FA are often found overproducing TNF-α, which may directly affect hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function by impairing HSC survival, homing and proliferation, or indirectly change the bone marrow microenvironment critical for HSC homeostasis and function, therefore contributing to disease progression in FA. In this brief review, we discuss the link between TNF-α signaling and FA pathway with emphasis on the implication of inflammation in the pathophysiology and abnormal hematopoiesis in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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18
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BIK (NBK) is a mediator of the sensitivity of Fanconi anaemia group C lymphoblastoid cell lines to interstrand DNA cross-linking agents. Biochem J 2013; 448:153-63. [PMID: 22873408 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
FA (Fanconi anaemia) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by congenital malformations, progressive bone marrow failure and an extraordinary predisposition to develop cancer. At present, 15 genes have been related to this condition and mutations of them have also been found in different types of cancer. Bone marrow failure threatens the life of FA patients during the first decade of their life, but the mechanisms underlying this process are not completely understood. In the present study we investigate a possible imbalance between the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins as a cause for the hypersensitivity of FANCC (FA, complementation group C)-deficient cells to genotoxic stress. We found a BIK (Bcl-2 interacting killer) over-expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from FA-C patients when compared with their phenotypically corrected counterparts. This overexpression has a transcriptional basis since the regulatory region of the gene shows higher activity in FANCC-deficient cells. We demonstrate the involvement of BIK in the sensitivity of FA-C lymphoblasts to interstrand DNA cross-linking agents as it is induced by these drugs and interference of its expression in these cells preserves their viability and reduces apoptosis. We investigate the mechanism of BIK overexpression in FANCC-deficient cells by analysing the activity of many different signalling pathways in these cells. Finally, we provide evidence of a previously undescribed indirect epigenetic regulation of BIK in FA-C lymphoblasts mediated by ΔNp73, an isoform of p73 lacking its transactivation domain that activates BIK through a proximal element in its promoter.
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19
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Adair JE, Zhao X, Chien S, Fang M, Wohlfahrt ME, Trobridge GD, Taylor JA, Beard BC, Kiem HP, Becker PS. Cyclophosphamide promotes engraftment of gene-modified cells in a mouse model of Fanconi anemia without causing cytogenetic abnormalities. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:1283-94. [PMID: 22660274 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A major hurdle for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy for inherited bone marrow disorders, including Fanconi anemia (FA), is adequate engraftment of gene-modified cells. A phenotypic defect in DNA repair renders FA patients sensitive to alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide (Cy); however, at lower doses, Cy is well tolerated in the FA transplant setting. We tested whether non-alkylating agents could replace Cy for pretransplant conditioning to enhance engraftment of FANCA gene-modified hematopoietic cells. We compared Cy preconditioning with fludarabine (Flu) or cytarabine (AraC) or no conditioning as a control in fanca ( -/- ) mutant mice receiving gene-modified bone marrow cells. Only mice conditioned with Cy exhibited appreciable engraftment of gene-modified cells by PCR and resistance to mitomycin C (MMC). Cy administration following transplantation increased gene marking levels in all animals treated, but highest gene marking and corresponding MMC resistance were observed in mice receiving Cy pre- and posttransplantation. Importantly, no cytogenetic abnormalities were observed in Cy-treated mice. We conclude that Cy is an effective and superior preparative regimen with respect to engraftment of lentivirus-transduced cells and functional correction in fanca ( -/- ) mice. Thus, appropriately dosed Cy may provide a suitable conditioning regimen for FA patients undergoing HSC gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Adair
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
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20
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Disrupted Signaling through the Fanconi Anemia Pathway Leads to Dysfunctional Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Anemia 2012; 2012:265790. [PMID: 22675615 PMCID: PMC3366203 DOI: 10.1155/2012/265790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is the most common inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. FA patients suffer to varying degrees from a heterogeneous range of developmental defects and, in addition, have an increased likelihood of developing cancer. Almost all FA patients develop a severe, progressive bone marrow failure syndrome, which impacts upon the production of all hematopoietic lineages and, hence, is thought to be driven by a defect at the level of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). This hypothesis would also correlate with the very high incidence of MDS and AML that is observed in FA patients. In this paper, we discuss the evidence that supports the role of dysfunctional HSC biology in driving the etiology of the disease. Furthermore, we consider the different model systems currently available to study the biology of cells defective in the FA signaling pathway and how they are informative in terms of identifying the physiologic mediators of HSC depletion and dissecting their putative mechanism of action. Finally, we ask whether the insights gained using such disease models can be translated into potential novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of the hematologic disorders in FA patients.
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21
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Cuesta-Domínguez Á, Ortega M, Ormazábal C, Santos-Roncero M, Galán-Díez M, Steegmann JL, Figuera Á, Arranz E, Vizmanos JL, Bueren JA, Río P, Fernández-Ruiz E. Transforming and tumorigenic activity of JAK2 by fusion to BCR: molecular mechanisms of action of a novel BCR-JAK2 tyrosine-kinase. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32451. [PMID: 22384256 PMCID: PMC3288102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations in tumors frequently produce fusion genes coding for chimeric proteins with a key role in oncogenesis. Recent reports described a BCR-JAK2 fusion gene in fatal chronic and acute myeloid leukemia, but the functional behavior of the chimeric protein remains uncharacterized. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays to describe a BCR-JAK2 fusion gene from a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient has been in complete remission for six years following treatment and autologous transplantation, and minimal residual disease was monitored by real-time RT-PCR. BCR-JAK2 codes for a protein containing the BCR oligomerization domain fused to the JAK2 tyrosine-kinase domain. In vitro analysis of transfected cells showed that BCR-JAK2 is located in the cytoplasm. Transduction of hematopoietic Ba/F3 cells with retroviral vectors carrying BCR-JAK2 induced IL-3-independent cell growth, constitutive activation of the chimeric protein as well as STAT5 phosphorylation and translocation to the nuclei, where Bcl-xL gene expression was elicited. Primary mouse progenitor cells transduced with BCR-JAK2 also showed increased proliferation and survival. Treatment with the JAK2 inhibitor TG101209 abrogated BCR-JAK2 and STAT5 phosphorylation, decreased Bcl-xL expression and triggered apoptosis of transformed Ba/F3 cells. Therefore, BCR-JAK2 is a novel tyrosine-kinase with transforming activity. It deregulates growth factor-dependent proliferation and cell survival, which can be abrogated by the TG101209 inhibitor. Moreover, transformed Ba/F3 cells developed tumors when injected subcutaneously into nude mice, thus proving the tumorigenic capacity of BCR-JAK2 in vivo. Together these findings suggest that adult and pediatric patients with BCR-ABL-negative leukemia and JAK2 overexpression may benefit from targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Cuesta-Domínguez
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP) and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Ortega
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP) and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matilde Santos-Roncero
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP) and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Galán-Díez
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP) and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Steegmann
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Figuera
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Arranz
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan A. Bueren
- Division of Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Río
- Division of Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Ruiz
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP) and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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22
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a human disease of bone marrow failure, leukemia, squamous cell carcinoma, and developmental anomalies, including hypogonadism and infertility. Bone marrow transplants improve hematopoietic phenotypes but do not prevent other cancers. FA arises from mutation in any of the 15 FANC genes that cooperate to repair double stranded DNA breaks by homologous recombination. Zebrafish has a single ortholog of each human FANC gene and unexpectedly, mutations in at least two of them (fancl and fancd1(brca2)) lead to female-to-male sex reversal. Investigations show that, as in human, zebrafish fanc genes are required for genome stability and for suppressing apoptosis in tissue culture cells, in embryos treated with DNA damaging agents, and in meiotic germ cells. The sex reversal phenotype requires the action of Tp53 (p53), an activator of apoptosis. These results suggest that in normal sex determination, zebrafish oocytes passing through meiosis signal the gonadal soma to maintain expression of aromatase, an enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen, thereby feminizing the gonad and the individual. According to this model, normal male and female zebrafish differ in genetic factors that control the strength of the late meiotic oocyte-derived signal, probably by regulating the number of meiotic oocytes, which environmental factors can also alter. Transcripts from fancd1(brca2) localize at the animal pole of the zebrafish oocyte cytoplasm and are required for normal oocyte nuclear architecture, for normal embryonic development, and for preventing ovarian tumors. Embryonic DNA repair and sex reversal phenotypes provide assays for the screening of small molecule libraries for therapeutic substances for FA.
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23
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González-Murillo A, Lozano ML, Alvarez L, Jacome A, Almarza E, Navarro S, Segovia JC, Hanenberg H, Guenechea G, Bueren JA, Río P. Development of lentiviral vectors with optimized transcriptional activity for the gene therapy of patients with Fanconi anemia. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:623-30. [PMID: 20001454 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited genetic disease characterized mainly by bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. Although gene therapy may constitute a good therapeutic option for many patients with FA, none of the clinical trials so far developed has improved the clinical status of these patients. We have proposed strategies for the genetic correction of bone marrow grafts from patients with FA, using lentiviral vectors (LVs). Here we investigate the relevance of the expression of FANCA to confer a therapeutic effect in cells from patients with FA-A, the most frequent complementation group in FA. Our data show that relatively weak promoters such as the vav or phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter confer, per copy of FANCA, physiological levels of FANCA mRNA in lymphoblastoid cell lines, whereas the cytomegalovirus and, more significantly, spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) promoters mediated the expression of supraphysiological levels of FANCA mRNA. Insertion of the woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE) or a mutated WPRE into the 3' region of PGK-FANCA LVs significantly increased FANCA mRNA levels. At the protein level, however, all tested vectors conferred, per copy of FANCA, similar and physiological levels of the protein, except SFFV LVs, which again conferred supraphysiological levels of FANCA. In spite of their different activity, all tested vectors mediated a similar phenotypic correction in FA-A lymphoblastoid cell lines and also in hematopoietic progenitors from patients with FA-A. On the basis of the efficacy and safety properties of PGK LVs, a PGK LV carrying FANCA and a mutant WPRE is proposed as an optimized vector for the gene therapy of patients with FA-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Africa González-Murillo
- Division of Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales, y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Rodríguez-Marí A, Cañestro C, BreMiller RA, Nguyen-Johnson A, Asakawa K, Kawakami K, Postlethwait JH. Sex reversal in zebrafish fancl mutants is caused by Tp53-mediated germ cell apoptosis. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001034. [PMID: 20661450 PMCID: PMC2908690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular genetic mechanisms of sex determination are not known for most vertebrates, including zebrafish. We identified a mutation in the zebrafish fancl gene that causes homozygous mutants to develop as fertile males due to female-to-male sex reversal. Fancl is a member of the Fanconi Anemia/BRCA DNA repair pathway. Experiments showed that zebrafish fancl was expressed in developing germ cells in bipotential gonads at the critical time of sexual fate determination. Caspase-3 immunoassays revealed increased germ cell apoptosis in fancl mutants that compromised oocyte survival. In the absence of oocytes surviving through meiosis, somatic cells of mutant gonads did not maintain expression of the ovary gene cyp19a1a and did not down-regulate expression of the early testis gene amh; consequently, gonads masculinized and became testes. Remarkably, results showed that the introduction of a tp53 (p53) mutation into fancl mutants rescued the sex-reversal phenotype by reducing germ cell apoptosis and, thus, allowed fancl mutants to become fertile females. Our results show that Fancl function is not essential for spermatogonia and oogonia to become sperm or mature oocytes, but instead suggest that Fancl function is involved in the survival of developing oocytes through meiosis. This work reveals that Tp53-mediated germ cell apoptosis induces sex reversal after the mutation of a DNA-repair pathway gene by compromising the survival of oocytes and suggests the existence of an oocyte-derived signal that biases gonad fate towards the female developmental pathway and thereby controls zebrafish sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rodríguez-Marí
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cristian Cañestro
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ruth A. BreMiller
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | | | - Kazuhide Asakawa
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - John H. Postlethwait
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
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25
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Abstract
The main cause of morbidity and mortality in Fanconi anemia patients is the development of bone marrow (BM) failure; thus correction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through gene transfer approaches would benefit FA patients. However, gene therapy trials for FA patients using ex vivo transduction protocols have failed to provide long-term correction. In addition, ex vivo cultures have been found to be hazardous for FA cells. To circumvent negative effects of ex vivo culture in FA stem cells, we tested the corrective ability of direct injection of recombinant lentiviral particles encoding FancC-EGFP into femurs of FancC(-/-) mice. Using this approach, we show that FancC(-/-) HSCs were efficiently corrected. Intrafemoral gene transfer of the FancC gene prevented the mitomycin C-induced BM failure. Moreover, we show that intrafemoral gene delivery into aplastic marrow restored the bone marrow cellularity and corrected the remaining HSCs. These results provide evidence that targeting FA-deficient HSCs directly in their environment enables efficient and long-term correction of BM defects in FA.
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26
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Parmar K, D'Andrea A, Niedernhofer LJ. Mouse models of Fanconi anemia. Mutat Res 2009; 668:133-40. [PMID: 19427003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a rare inherited disease characterized by congenital anomalies, growth retardation, aplastic anemia and an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia and squamous cell carcinomas. The disease is caused by mutation in genes encoding proteins required for the Fanconi anemia pathway, a response mechanism to replicative stress, including that caused by genotoxins that cause DNA interstrand crosslinks. Defects in the Fanconi anemia pathway lead to genomic instability and apoptosis of proliferating cells. To date, 13 complementation groups of Fanconi anemia were identified. Five of these genes have been deleted or mutated in the mouse, as well as a sixth key regulatory gene, to create mouse models of Fanconi anemia. This review summarizes the phenotype of each of the Fanconi anemia mouse models and highlights how genetic and interventional studies using the strains have yielded novel insight into therapeutic strategies for Fanconi anemia and into how the Fanconi anemia pathway protects against genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalindi Parmar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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27
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Lentiviral-mediated genetic correction of hematopoietic and mesenchymal progenitor cells from Fanconi anemia patients. Mol Ther 2009; 17:1083-92. [PMID: 19277017 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous clinical trials based on the genetic correction of purified CD34(+) cells with gamma-retroviral vectors have demonstrated clinical efficacy in different monogenic diseases, including X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, adenosine deaminase deficient severe combined immunodeficiency and chronic granulomatous disease. Similar protocols, however, failed to engraft Fanconi anemia (FA) patients with genetically corrected cells. In this study, we first aimed to correlate the hematological status of 27 FA patients with CD34(+) cell values determined in their bone marrow (BM). Strikingly, no correlation between these parameters was observed, although good correlations were obtained when numbers of colony-forming cells (CFCs) were considered. Based on these results, and because purified FA CD34(+) cells might have suboptimal repopulating properties, we investigated the possibility of genetically correcting unselected BM samples from FA patients. Our data show that the lentiviral transduction of unselected FA BM cells mediates an efficient phenotypic correction of hematopoietic progenitor cells and also of CD34(-) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), with a reported role in hematopoietic engraftment. Our results suggest that gene therapy protocols appropriate for the treatment of different monogenic diseases may not be adequate for stem cell diseases like FA. We propose a new approach for the gene therapy of FA based on the rapid transduction of unselected hematopoietic grafts with lentiviral vectors (LVs).
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28
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Müller LUW, Milsom MD, Kim MO, Schambach A, Schuesler T, Williams DA. Rapid lentiviral transduction preserves the engraftment potential of Fanca(-/-) hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Ther 2008; 16:1154-1160. [PMID: 18398427 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare recessive syndrome, characterized by congenital anomalies, bone marrow failure, and predisposition to cancer. Two earlier clinical trials utilizing gamma-retroviral vectors for the transduction of autologous FA hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) required extensive in vitro manipulation and failed to achieve detectable long-term engraftment of transduced HSCs. As a strategy for minimizing ex vivo manipulation, we investigated the use of a "rapid" lentiviral transduction protocol in a murine Fanca(-/-) model. Importantly, while this and most murine models of FA fail to completely mimic the human hematopoietic phenotype, we observed a high incidence of HSC transplant engraftment failure and low donor chimerism after conventional transduction (CT) of Fanca(-/-) donor cells. In contrast, rapid transduction (RT) of Fanca(-/-) HSCs preserved engraftment to the level achieved in wild-type cells, resulting in long-term multilineage engraftment of gene-modified cells. We also demonstrate the correction of the characteristic hypersensitivity of FA cells against the cross-linking agent mitomycin C (MMC), and provide evidence for the advantage of using pharmacoselection as a means of further increasing gene-modified cells after RT. Collectively, these data support the use of rapid lentiviral transduction for gene therapy in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars U W Müller
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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29
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Almarza E, Río P, Meza NW, Aldea M, Agirre X, Guenechea G, Segovia JC, Bueren JA. Characteristics of lentiviral vectors harboring the proximal promoter of the vav proto-oncogene: a weak and efficient promoter for gene therapy. Mol Ther 2007; 15:1487-94. [PMID: 17534266 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent published data have shown the efficacy of gene therapy treatments of certain monogenic diseases. Risks of insertional oncogenesis, however, indicate the necessity of developing new vectors with weaker or cell-restricted promoters to minimize the trans-activation activity of integrated proviruses. We have inserted the proximal promoter of the vav proto-oncogene into self-inactivating lentiviral vectors (vav-LVs) and investigated the expression pattern and therapeutic efficacy of these vectors. Compared with other LVs frequently used in gene therapy, vav-LVs mediated a weak, though homogeneous and stable, expression in in vitro-cultured cells. Transplantation experiments using transduced mouse bone marrow and human CD34(+) cells confirmed the stable activity of the promoter in vivo. To investigate whether the weak activity of this promoter was compatible with a therapeutic effect, a LV expressing the Fanconi anemia A (FANCA) gene was constructed (vav-FANCA LV). Although this vector induced a low expression of FANCA, compared to the expression induced by a LV harboring the spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) promoter, the two vectors corrected the phenotype of cells from a patient with FA-A with the same efficacy. We propose that self-inactivating vectors harboring weak promoters, such as the vav promoter, will improve the safety of gene therapy and will be of particular interest for the treatment of diseases where a high expression of the transgene is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Almarza
- Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy Division, CIEMAT/CIBER-ER and Marcelino Botín Foundation, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Navarro S, Meza NW, Quintana-Bustamante O, Casado JA, Jacome A, McAllister K, Puerto S, Surrallés J, Segovia JC, Bueren JA. Hematopoietic dysfunction in a mouse model for Fanconi anemia group D1. Mol Ther 2006; 14:525-35. [PMID: 16859999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the hematopoietic phenotype of mice with a hypomorphic mutation in the Brca2/Fancd1 gene (Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) mutation). In contrast to observations made in other Fanconi anemia (FA) mouse models, low numbers of hematopoietic colony-forming cells (CFCs) were noted in Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) mice, either young or adult. Additionally, a high incidence of spontaneous chromosomal instability was observed in Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) bone marrow (BM) cells, but not in Brca2(+/Delta27) or Fanca(-/-) BM cells. Although Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) CFCs were not hypersensitive to ionizing radiation, a very severe hematopoietic syndrome was observed in irradiated Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) mice. Conventional BM competition experiments showed a marked repopulation defect in Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), compared to wild-type HSCs. Moreover, we have observed for the first time in a DNA repair disease model a very significant proliferation defect in Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) HSCs maintained in their natural physiological environment. The progressive repopulation of wild-type HSCs transplanted into unconditioned Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) recipients is reminiscent of the somatic mosaicism phenomenon observed in a number of genetic diseases, including FA. The hematopoietic phenotype associated with the Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) mutation suggests that this FA-D1 mouse model will constitute an important tool for the development of new therapies for FA, including gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Navarro
- Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy Division, CIEMAT/Marcelino Botín Foundation, Avenida Complutense No. 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Jacome A, Navarro S, Casado JA, Rio P, Madero L, Estella J, Sevilla J, Badell I, Ortega JJ, Olivé T, Hanenberg H, Segovia JC, Bueren JA. A simplified approach to improve the efficiency and safety of ex vivo hematopoietic gene therapy in fanconi anemia patients. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 17:245-50. [PMID: 16454658 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited DNA repair disorder characterized by genetic instability of cells lacking a functional FA/BRCA pathway. Previous studies have shown that in vitro stimulation of bone marrow cells (BMCs) from FA mice promotes apoptosis, reduces the reconstitution ability of the stem cells, and induces myelodysplasia and myeloid leukemia upon reinfusion of the cells. This suggests the convenience of adapting standard protocols of gene therapy to FA. Here we show that the reserve of BM progenitors in FA patients is generally below 20% of normal values. Because this reduced reserve could activate the cycling of BM progenitors, we developed a simplified protocol to transduce BMCs from FA patients with gammaretroviral vectors. We demonstrate that a short in vitro manipulation (12-24 hr) of fresh mononuclear BMCs is sufficient to transduce 42% of hematopoietic progenitors from FA-A patients, in the absence of in vitro prestimulation. When FANCA-expressing vectors were used, this simple procedure reversed the phenotype of the BM progenitors from these patients. We propose that our approach will be more efficient and safer compared with standard gene therapy protocols for FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jacome
- Spanish Fanconi Anemia Research Network, Madrid 28040, Spain
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32
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Jacome A, Navarro S, Casado J, Rio P, Madero L, Estella J, Sevilla J, Badell I, Ortega J, Olive T, Hanenberg H, Segovia J, Bueren J. A Simplified Approach to Improve the Efficiency and Safety of Ex Vivo Hematopoietic Gene Therapy in Fanconi Anemia Patients. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Casado JA, Núñez MI, Segovia JC, Ruiz de Almodóvar JM, Bueren JA. Non-homologous end-joining defect in fanconi anemia hematopoietic cells exposed to ionizing radiation. Radiat Res 2005; 164:635-41. [PMID: 16238440 DOI: 10.1667/rr3395.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disease characterized mainly by bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. Although it is accepted that Fanconi cells are highly sensitive to DNA crosslinking agents, their response to ionizing radiation is still unclear. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we have observed that radiation generates a similar number of DNA double-strand breaks in normal and Fanconi cells from three (FA-A, FA-C and FA-F) of the 11 complementation groups identified. Nonsynchronized as well as nonproliferating Fanconi anemia cells showed an evident defect in rejoining the double-strand breaks generated by ionizing radiation, indicating defective non-homologous end-joining repair. At the cellular level, no difference in the radiosensitivity of normal and FA-A lymphoblast cells was noted, and a modest increase in the radiosensitivity of Fanca-/- hematopoietic progenitor cells was observed compared to Fanca+/+ cells. Finally, when animals were exposed to a fractionated total-body irradiation of 5 Gy, a similar hematopoietic syndrome was observed in wild-type and Fanca-/- mice. Taken together, our observations suggest that Fanconi cells, in particular those having nonfunctional Fanconi proteins upstream of FANCD2, have a defect in the non-homologous end-joining repair of double-strand breaks produced by ionizing radiation, and that compensatory mechanisms of DNA repair and/or stem cell regeneration should limit the impact of this defect in irradiated organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Casado
- Hematopoietic Gene Therapy Program, CIEMAT, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Prasher JM, Lalai AS, Heijmans-Antonissen C, Ploemacher RE, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Touw IP, Niedernhofer LJ. Reduced hematopoietic reserves in DNA interstrand crosslink repair-deficient Ercc1-/- mice. EMBO J 2005; 24:861-71. [PMID: 15692571 PMCID: PMC549615 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERCC1-XPF heterodimer is a structure-specific endonuclease involved in both nucleotide excision repair and interstrand crosslink repair. Mice carrying a genetic defect in Ercc1 display symptoms suggestive of a progressive, segmental progeria, indicating that disruption of one or both of these DNA damage repair pathways accelerates aging. In the hematopoietic system, there are defined age-associated changes for which the cause is unknown. To determine if DNA repair is critical to prolonged hematopoietic function, hematopoiesis in Ercc1-/- mice was compared to that in young and old wild-type mice. Ercc1-/- mice (3-week-old) exhibited multilineage cytopenia and fatty replacement of bone marrow, similar to old wild-type mice. In addition, the proliferative reserves of hematopoietic progenitors and stress erythropoiesis were significantly reduced in Ercc1-/- mice compared to age-matched controls. These features were not seen in nucleotide excision repair-deficient Xpa-/- mice, but are characteristic of Fanconi anemia, a human cancer syndrome caused by defects in interstrand crosslink repair. These data support the hypothesis that spontaneous interstrand crosslink damage contributes to the functional decline of the hematopoietic system associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Prasher
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid S Lalai
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert E Ploemacher
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo P Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 1040 87837; Fax: +31 1040 89470; E-mail:
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Rio P, Martinez-Palacio J, Ramirez A, Bueren JA, Segovia JC. Efficient engraftment of in utero transplanted mice with retrovirally transduced hematopoietic stem cells. Gene Ther 2004; 12:358-63. [PMID: 15550924 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using an experimental mouse model, we have investigated the kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution of recipients transplanted during fetal development with fresh and transduced hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Total bone marrow (BM) and purified Lin(-)Sca-1(+) cells, either fresh or transduced ex vivo with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-encoding retroviral vectors, were in utero transplanted (IUT) into fetal mice. Data obtained 2 months after transplantation showed a similar proportion of engrafted animals, regardless of the fact that samples were purified or not on HSCs, and subjected or not to ex vivo transduction with retroviral vectors. The transplantation of grafts enriched in HSCs, either fresh or transduced, always improved the levels of donor chimerism of IUT mice in comparison with results obtained in mice transplanted with unpurified BM grafts (6.8 and 7.3% versus 1.15% median values, respectively). Significantly, engrafted recipients that were transplanted with the transduced graft always contained transduced EGFP(+) cells in peripheral blood (around 5% of donor cells were EGFP(+) at 2 months post-transplantation). This proportion was essentially maintained at longer times post-transplantation, as well as in secondary recipients transplanted with the BM of IUT mice. Our study describes for the first time a significant and stable engraftment of unconditioned mice subjected to IUT with HSCs transduced with retroviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rio
- Hematopoietic Gene Therapy Program, CIEMAT/Marcelino Botín Foundation, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Grande T, Bueren JA. A New Approach to Evaluate the Total Reserve of Hematopoietic Progenitors after Acute Irradiation. Radiat Res 2004; 162:397-404. [PMID: 15447043 DOI: 10.1667/rr3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Based on the capacity of certain hematopoietic growth factors to mobilize the hematopoietic progenitors from bone marrow to peripheral blood, we have investigated whether the number of progenitors that can be mobilized to peripheral blood after irradiation correlates with the radiation dose and reflects the total reserve of bone marrow progenitors that survive the exposure. In three different mouse strains, a close relationship was observed between the number of G-CSF mobilized progenitors and the radiation dose received by the animals. When G-CSF was replaced by one single injection of SD01 plus thrombopoietin, a similar relationship between the two parameters was observed, which fitted to the multitarget theoretical model. This treatment also promoted 50% survival in mice receiving a lethal dose of 9 Gy. The estimation of the total number of CFU-GM progenitors in the irradiated mice also allowed us to establish a good relationship between the number of progenitors that were mobilized to peripheral blood with respect to the global reserve of surviving progenitors. These results suggest that the quantification of mobilized hematopoietic progenitors would predict the severity and reversibility of the hematopoietic syndrome of irradiated victims, based on direct estimations of their global reserve of hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Grande
- Hematopoiesis Project, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
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Almarza E, Segovia JC, Guenechea G, Gómez SG, Ramírez A, Bueren JA. Regulatory elements of the vav gene drive transgene expression in hematopoietic stem cells from adult mice. Exp Hematol 2004; 32:360-4. [PMID: 15050746 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2003] [Revised: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 01/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that the HS21/45 promoter of the vav protooncogene drives a predominant expression of exogenous transgenes in mouse hematopoietic cells, including clonogenic bone marrow (BM) progenitors. We investigated the activity of this promoter in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment of adult mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inbred Ly5.1 transgenic mice expressing a nonfunctional human CD4 marker gene (hCD4) under the control of the HS21/45 promoter were generated. BM cells from these animals were sorted based on the intensity of hCD4 expression. Fractions characterized by high, intermediate, or low/negative expression of the transgene were then assessed for their competitive repopulation ability (CRA), using unfractionated BM cells from Ly5.2 mice as a reference competitor population. RESULTS Data showed that BM cells having a low/negative or intermediate expression of hCD4 had a very poor hematopoietic CRA. In contrast, BM cells with high hCD4 expression were characterized by a high CRA. These observations were confirmed in the short- and long-term posttransplantation of primary and secondary recipients when analyzing the lymphoid and myeloid cells of recipient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time that the regulatory HS21/45 sequence of the vav gene constitutes an efficient promoter for driving transgene expression in multipotent hematopoietic stem cells residing in the BM of adult mice. Thus, this promoter is proposed for the development of transgenic mice and gene therapy vectors that require restricted expression of exogenous transgenes in cells of the hematopoietic system, including primitive hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Almarza
- Gene Therapy Programme, Centro de Investigaciones, Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas/Marcelino Botín Foundation, Madrid, Spain
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Larder R, Chang L, Clinton M, Brown P. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulates expression of the DNA damage repair gene, Fanconi anemia A, in pituitary gonadotroph cells. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:828-36. [PMID: 15128600 PMCID: PMC1950776 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadal function is critically dependant on regulated secretion of the gonadotropin hormones from anterior pituitary gonadotroph cells. Gonadotropin biosynthesis and release is triggered by the binding of hypothalamic GnRH to GnRH receptor expressed on the gonadotroph cell surface. The repertoire of regulatory molecules involved in this process are still being defined. We used the mouse L beta T2 gonadotroph cell line, which expresses both gonadotropin hormones, as a model to investigate GnRH regulation of gene expression and differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to identify and isolate hormonally induced changes. This approach identified Fanconi anemia a (Fanca), a gene implicated in DNA damage repair, as a differentially expressed transcript. Mutations in Fanca account for the majority of cases of Fanconi anemia (FA), a recessively inherited disease identified by congenital defects, bone marrow failure, infertility, and cancer susceptibility. We confirmed expression and hormonal regulation of Fanca mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR, which showed that GnRH induced a rapid, transient increase in Fanca mRNA. Fanca protein was also acutely upregulated after GnRH treatment of L beta T2 cells. In addition, Fanca gene expression was confined to mature pituitary gonadotrophs and adult mouse pituitary and was not expressed in the immature alpha T3-1 gonadotroph cell line. Thus, this study extends the expression profile of Fanca into a highly specialized endocrine cell and demonstrates hormonal regulation of expression of the Fanca locus. We suggest that this regulatory mechanism may have a crucial role in the GnRH-response mechanism of mature gonadotrophs and perhaps the etiology of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Larder
- Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, The University of Edinburgh Chancellors Building, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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Abstract
The past 3 years have been characterized by a number of impressive advances as well as setbacks in gene therapy for genetic disease. Children with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID-X1) have shown almost complete reconstitution of their immune system after receiving retrovirally transduced autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, two of 11 treated patients subsequently developed a leukemia-like disease probablydue to the undesired activation of an oncogene. Gene transfer to HSCs resulted in substantial correction of immune function and multi-lineage engraftment in two patients with adenosine deaminase (ADA)-SCID. Several Phase I clinical trials for treatment of hemophilia A and B have been initiated or completed. Partial correction of hemophilia A, albeit transient, has been reported by ex vivo gene transfer to autologous fibroblasts. Intramuscular injection of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector to patients with severe hemophilia B resulted in evidence of Factor IX gene transfer to skeletal muscle and a separate trial based on hepatic infusion of AAV vector is ongoing. Sustained therapeutic levels of coagulation factor expression have been achieved in preclinical models using retroviral, lentiviral, AAV and high capacity adenoviral vectors. Efficient lentiviral gene transfer to HSC in murine models of beta-thalassemia and sickle cell disease demonstrated sustained phenotypic correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland W Herzog
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, PA 19104, USA.
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Bueren JA, Guenechea G, Casado JA, Lamana ML, Segovia JC. Genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells: recent advances in the gene therapy of inherited diseases. Arch Med Res 2003; 34:589-99. [PMID: 14734099 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells constitute a rare population of precursor cells with remarkable properties for being used as targets in gene therapy protocols. The last years have been particularly productive both in the fields of gene therapy and stem cell biology. Results from ongoing clinical trials have shown the first unquestionable clinical benefits of immunodeficient patients transplanted with genetically modified autologous stem cells. On the other hand, severe side effects in a few patients treated with gene therapy have also been reported, indicating the usefulness of further improving the vectors currently used in gene therapy clinical trials. In the field of stem cell biology, evidence showing the plastic potential of adult hematopoietic stem cells and data indicating the multipotency of adult mesenchymal precursor cells have been presented. Also, the generation of embryonic stem cells by means of nuclear transfer techniques has appeared as a new methodology with direct implications in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Bueren
- Hematopoietic Gene Therapy Program, Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología/Fundación Marcelino Botín, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare genetic cancer-susceptibility syndrome that is characterized by congenital abnormalities, bone-marrow failure and cellular sensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents. Seven FA-associated genes have recently been cloned, and their products were found to interact with well-known DNA-damage-response proteins, including BRCA1, ATM and NBS1. The FA proteins could therefore be involved in the cell-cycle checkpoint and DNA-repair pathways. Recent studies implicate the FA proteins in the process of repairing chromosome defects that occur during homologous recombination, and disruption of the FA genes results in chromosome instability--a common feature of many human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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