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Zhao M, Yin X, Yang X, Gan H, Chen N, Duan G, Bai Y, Teng X, Xu J, Fang R, Wang S, Zhong S, Wang X, Teng L. ALK-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multi-Institutional Study of 9 Cases With Expanding the Morphologic and Molecular Genetic Spectrum. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100536. [PMID: 38852815 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (ALK-RCC) is rare, molecularly defined RCC subtype in the recently published fifth edition of World Health Organization classification of tumors. In this study, we described 9 ALK-RCCs from a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic aspect, supporting and extending upon the observations by previous studies regarding this rare subgroup of RCC. There were 6 male and 3 female patients with ages ranging from 14 to 59 years (mean, 34.4 years). None of the patients had sickle cell trait. The diagnosis was based on radical or partial nephrectomy specimen for 8 patients and on biopsy specimen for 1. Tumor size ranged from 2.5 to 7.2 cm (mean, 2.8 cm). Follow-up was available for 6 of 9 patients (6-36 months); 5 had no tumor recurrence or metastasis and 1 developed lung metastasis at 24 months. The patient was subsequently treated with resection of the metastatic tumor followed by crizotinib-targeted therapy, and he was alive without tumor 12 months later. Histologically, the tumors showed a mixed growth of multiple patterns, including papillary, solid, tubular, tubulocystic, cribriform, and corded, often set in a mucinous background. The neoplastic cells had predominantly eosinophilic cytoplasm. Focally, clear cytoplasm with polarized nuclei and subnuclear vacuoles (n = 1), and pale foamy cytoplasm (n = 1) were observed on the tumor cells. The biopsied tumor showed solid growth of elongated tubules merging with bland spindle cells. Other common and uncommon features included psammomatous microcalcifications (n = 5), rhabdoid cells (n = 4), prominent intracytoplasmic vacuoles (n = 4), prominent chronic inflammatory infiltrate (n = 3), signet ring cell morphology (n = 2), and pleomorphic cells (n = 2). By immunohistochemistry, all 9 tumors were diffusely positive for ALK(5A4) and 4 of 8 tested cases showed reactivity for TFE3 protein. By fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, ALK rearrangement was identified in all the 9 tumors; none of the tested tumors harbored TFE3 rearrangement (0/4) or gains of chromosomes 7 and 17 (0/3). ALK fusion partners were identified by RNA-sequencing in all 8 cases analyzed, including EML4 (n = 2), STRN (n = 1), TPM3 (n = 1), KIF5B (n = 1), HOOK1 (n = 1), SLIT1 (n = 1), and TPM1(3'UTR) (n = 1). Our study further expands the morphologic and molecular genetic spectrum of ALK-RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaona Yin
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoqun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualei Gan
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangjie Duan
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanfeng Bai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Teng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Suying Wang
- Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Mousa DPV, Mavrovounis G, Argyropoulos D, Stranjalis G, Kalamatianos T. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) in Posterior Cranial Fossa Tumors: A Scoping Review of Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:650. [PMID: 38339401 PMCID: PMC10854950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) has been implicated in several human cancers. This review aims at mapping the available literature on the involvement of ALK in non-glial tumors localized in the posterior cranial fossa and at identifying diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic considerations. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, studies were included if they investigated ALK's role in primary CNS, non-glial tumors located in the posterior cranial fossa. A total of 210 manuscripts were selected for full-text review and 16 finally met the inclusion criteria. The review included 55 cases of primary, intracranial neoplasms with ALK genetic alterations and/or protein expression, located in the posterior fossa, comprising of medulloblastoma, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, histiocytosis, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, and intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumors. ALK pathology was investigated via immunohistochemistry or genetic analysis. Several studies provided evidence for potential diagnostic and prognostic value for ALK assessment as well as therapeutic efficacy in its targeting. The available findings on ALK in posterior fossa tumors are limited. Nevertheless, previous findings suggest that ALK assessment is of diagnostic and prognostic value in medulloblastoma (WNT-activated). Interestingly, a substantial proportion of ALK-positive/altered CNS histiocytoses thus far identified have been localized in the posterior fossa. The therapeutic potential of ALK inhibition in histiocytosis warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Mavrovounis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dionysios Argyropoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Stranjalis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Theodosis Kalamatianos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece;
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3
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Liu S, Wang F, Yang J, Su G, Cao Z, Shan M, Zhai X. Identification of highly potent 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine analogs of a typical piperidinyl-4-ol moiety as promising antitumor ALK inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300416. [PMID: 37737557 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In light of the cocrystal structure of ceritinib with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)WT protein, a series of novel 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine analogs (L1-L25) bearing a typical piperidinyl-4-ol moiety were designed and synthesized with improved biological and physicochemical properties. Satisfyingly, most compounds demonstrated moderate to excellent antitumor effects with IC50 values below 5 μM on ALK-positive Karpas299 and H2228 cells. In particular, L6 bearing the 1-(6-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl)-4-(morpholinomethyl)piperidinyl-4-ol moiety was detected as the optimal compound against ALK-dependent cell lines of Karpas299 (0.017 μM) and H2228 cells (0.052 μM), in company with encouraging ALK enzyme inhibition (ALKWT , IC50 = 1.8 nM). In addition, L6 was also capable of inhibiting ALK-resistant mutations, including ALKL1196M (3.9 nM) and ALKG1202R (5.2 nM). Remarkably, L6 typically repressed colony formation and migration of H2228 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining analysis indicated that the proapoptotic effect of L6 was better than that of ceritinib at the same concentration (50 nM). Ultimately, the binding patterns of L6 to ALKWT and ALKG1202R were ideally established, which further confirmed the structural basis in accordance with the structure-activity relationship analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juanjuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyue Su
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengya Shan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Nair AS, Jayan AP, Anandu KR, Saiprabha VN, Pappachen LK. Unraveling the prevalence of various signalling pathways in non-small-cell lung cancer: a review. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2875-2890. [PMID: 37014561 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a huge public health issue all around the world. The focus of research is on innovative cancer therapy techniques that include the disease's unique targets. Among the cancer-related deaths that occur, lung cancer is considered to be one of the major, accounting for about 1.6 million fatalities globally in 2012, or nearly 20% of all cancer deaths. Non-small-cell lung cancer, a type of lung cancer comprises upto 84% of lung cancer cases, demonstrating the need for a more effective treatment. A novel category of cancer management, known as targeted cancer medicines, has risen to prominence in recent years. Targeted cancer treatments, like traditional chemotherapy, employ pharmacological drugs to slow cancer development, enhance cell death, and prevent it from spreading. Targeted treatments, as the name implies, work by interfering with particular proteins implicated in cancer. Numerous research conducted in the last several decades have led to the conclusion that signalling pathways are involved in the growth of lung cancer. All malignant tumours are produced, spread, invade, and behave in various abnormal ways due to abnormal pathways. Numerous significant signalling pathways, including the RTK/RAS/MAP-Kinase pathway (hence often referred to as RTK-RAS for simplicity), PI3K/Akt signalling, and others, have been discovered as commonly genetically changed. The current developments in research on various signalling pathways, as well as the underlying mechanisms of the molecules implicated in these pathways, are innovatively summarised in this review. To give a good sense of the study that has been done so far, many routes are placed together. Thus, this review includes the detailed description regarding each pathways, the mutations formed, and the present treatment strategy to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ajay P Jayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K R Anandu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V N Saiprabha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Leena K Pappachen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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5
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Azab MA. Expression of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) in glioma and possible clinical correlations. A retrospective institutional study. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 36:100703. [PMID: 37271069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is considered the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Recurrence after treatment is a significant problem with a failed response to optimal treatment. The recurrence of GBM is linked to different cellular and molecular pathways. Nationwide, in Egypt, astrocytic tumors are the most commonly diagnosed CNS tumor. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK CD246) is an enzymatic protein (RTK) belonging to the insulin receptors superfamily. METHODS This is a retrospective study including sixty cases of astrocytic tumors (males = 40, mean age = 31.5), (females = 20, mean age = 37.77) obtained through collecting archived paraffin blocks of astrocytic tumor from the Pathology Department, Cairo University Faculty of Medicine during the period from January 2015 till January 2019. All cases were evaluated for ALK expression trying to find any clinical correlations with the clinical data. RESULTS Correlations were made using a scatterplot matrix correlogram. There was a significant correlation between tumor recurrence and ALK expression (r = 0.8, P < 0.01), and incidence of postoperative seizures (r = 0.8, P < 0.05), and between mean age and score tumor (r = 0.8, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Expression of ALK was found to be abundant among high-grade gliomas and tumor recurrence rate was higher in ALK-positive patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential use of ALK as a prognostic marker in cases of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Azab
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cairo University Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kelm JM, Pandey DS, Malin E, Kansou H, Arora S, Kumar R, Gavande NS. PROTAC'ing oncoproteins: targeted protein degradation for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:62. [PMID: 36991452 PMCID: PMC10061819 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecularly targeted cancer therapies substantially improve patient outcomes, although the durability of their effectiveness can be limited. Resistance to these therapies is often related to adaptive changes in the target oncoprotein which reduce binding affinity. The arsenal of targeted cancer therapies, moreover, lacks coverage of several notorious oncoproteins with challenging features for inhibitor development. Degraders are a relatively new therapeutic modality which deplete the target protein by hijacking the cellular protein destruction machinery. Degraders offer several advantages for cancer therapy including resiliency to acquired mutations in the target protein, enhanced selectivity, lower dosing requirements, and the potential to abrogate oncogenic transcription factors and scaffolding proteins. Herein, we review the development of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for selected cancer therapy targets and their reported biological activities. The medicinal chemistry of PROTAC design has been a challenging area of active research, but the recent advances in the field will usher in an era of rational degrader design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Kelm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Deepti S Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Evan Malin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hussein Kansou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sahil Arora
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Navnath S Gavande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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7
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Rigaud C, Knörr F, Brugières L, Woessmann W. Diagnosis and management of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma in children and adolescents. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2023; 36:101444. [PMID: 36907641 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2023.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a CD30-positive T cell lymphoma characterized by signalling from constitutively activated ALK fusion proteins. Most children and adolescents present in advanced stages, often with extranodal disease and B symptoms. The current front-line therapy standard of six cycles polychemotherapy reaches an event-free survival of 70%. The strongest independent prognostic factors are minimal disseminated disease and early minimal residual disease. At relapse, ALK-inhibitors, Brentuximab Vedotin, Vinblastine, or second line chemotherapy are effective re-inductions. Survival at relapse exceeds 60-70% with consolidation according to the time of relapse (Vinblastine monotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) so that the overall survival reaches 95%. It needs to be shown whether check-point inhibitors or long-term ALK-inhibition may substitute for transplantation. The future necessitates international cooperative trials testing whether a shift of paradigm to a chemotherapy-free regimen can cure ALK-positive ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rigaud
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.
| | - Fabian Knörr
- NHL-BFM Study Centre and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany; Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Centre HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Laurence Brugières
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.
| | - Wilhelm Woessmann
- NHL-BFM Study Centre and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Lozano-Jaramillo DA, Millan-Arreola E, Esquer-Cota OO, Lozano-Garcia JM, Valenzuela-Espinoza MA. Soft-Tissue Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in a Child Unmasked by COVID-19. J Hematol 2023; 12:37-41. [PMID: 36895288 PMCID: PMC9990711 DOI: 10.14740/jh1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is children's most common mature T-cell neoplasm. The majority is positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Initial presentation as a soft-tissue pelvic mass without nodal involvement is rare and can be easily misdiagnosed. We report a case of a 12-year-old male presenting with pain and movement restriction in the right extremity. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a solitary pelvic mass. Initial biopsy examination concluded rhabdomyosarcoma. After developing pediatric multisystemic inflammatory syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), central and peripheral lymph node enlargement appeared. New cervical adenopathy and pelvic mass biopsies were performed. Immunohistochemistry concluded an ALK-positive ALCL with a small-cell pattern. The patient was treated with brentuximab-based chemotherapy and eventually improved. Differential diagnosis of pelvic masses in children and adolescents must include ALCL. An inflammatory trigger may promote the appearance of a typical nodal disease, previously absent. Attention is warranted during histopathological examination to avoid diagnostic errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alberto Lozano-Jaramillo
- Centro de Investigacion Valle Bibb Fundacion, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.,Centro Oncologico Pediatrico de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
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Lewis NE, Sardana R, Dogan A. Mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas: updates on molecular genetic features. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:475-491. [PMID: 36637656 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of rare and typically aggressive neoplasms. Diagnosis and subclassification have historically relied primarily on the integration of clinical, histologic, and immunophenotypic features, which often overlap. The widespread application of a variety of genomic techniques in recent years has provided extensive insight into the pathobiology of these diseases, allowing for more precise diagnostic classification, improved prognostication, and development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the genomic features of the most common types of mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas with a particular focus on the contribution of genomics to biologic insight, classification, risk stratification, and select therapies in the context of the recently published International Consensus and updated World Health Organization classification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Lewis
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Rohan Sardana
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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10
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Feldman AL, Oishi N, Ketterling RP, Ansell SM, Shi M, Dasari S. Immunohistochemical Approach to Genetic Subtyping of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:1490-1499. [PMID: 35941721 PMCID: PMC9588576 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) can be classified genetically based on rearrangements (R) of the ALK , TP63 , and/or DUSP22 genes. ALK- R defines a specific entity, ALK-positive ALCL, while DUSP22- R and TP63- R define subgroups of ALK-negative ALCLs with distinct clinicopathologic features. ALK -R and TP63 -R produce oncogenic fusion proteins that can be detected by immunohistochemistry. ALK immunohistochemistry is an excellent surrogate for ALK- R and screening with p63 immunohistochemistry excludes TP63- R in two third of ALCLs. In contrast, DUSP22 -R does not produce a fusion protein and its identification requires fluorescence in situ hybridization. However, DUSP22- R ALCL has a characteristic phenotype including negativity for cytotoxic markers and phospho-STAT3 Y705 . Recently, we also identified overexpression of the LEF1 transcription factor in DUSP22- R ALCL. Here, we sought to validate this finding and examine models for predicting DUSP22- R using immunohistochemistry for LEF1 and TIA1 or phospho-STAT3 Y705 . We evaluated these 3 markers in our original discovery cohort (n=45) and in an independent validation cohort (n=46) of ALCLs. The correlation between DUSP22- R and LEF1 expression replicated strongly in the validation cohort ( P <0.0001). In addition, we identified and validated a strategy using LEF1 and TIA1 immunohistochemistry that predicted DUSP22- R with positive and negative predictive values of 100% after exclusion of indeterminate cases and would eliminate the need for fluorescence in situ hybridization in 65% of ALK-negative ALCLs. This approach had similar results in identifying DUSP22- R in the related condition, lymphomatoid papulosis. Together with previous data, these findings support a 4-marker immunohistochemistry algorithm using ALK, LEF1, TIA1, and p63 for genetic subtyping of ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | | | - Min Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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11
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Djos A, Treis D, Fransson S, Gordon Murkes L, Wessman S, Ásmundsson J, Markström A, Kogner P, Martinsson T. Multifocal Neuroblastoma and Central Hypoventilation in An Infant with Germline ALK F1174I Mutation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092260. [PMID: 36140661 PMCID: PMC9498070 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A preterm infant with central hypoventilation was diagnosed with multifocal neuroblastoma. Congenital anomalies of the autonomic nervous system in association with neuroblastoma are commonly associated with germline mutations in PHOX2B. Further, the ALK gene is frequently mutated in both familial and sporadic neuroblastoma. Sanger sequencing of ALK and PHOX2B, SNP microarray of three tumor samples and whole genome sequencing of tumor and blood were performed. Genetic testing revealed a germline ALK F1174I mutation that was present in all tumor samples as well as in normal tissue samples from the patient. Neither of the patient’s parents presented the ALK variant. Array profiling of the three tumor samples showed that two of them had only numerical aberrations, whereas one sample displayed segmental alterations, including a gain at chromosome 2p, resulting in two copies of the ALK-mutated allele. Whole genome sequencing confirmed the presence of the ALK variant and did not detect any aberrations in the coding or promotor region of PHOX2B. This study is to our knowledge the first to report a de novoALK F1174I germline mutation. This may not only predispose to congenital multifocal neuroblastoma but may also contribute to the respiratory dysfunction seen in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Djos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Treis
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, and Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Gordon Murkes
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Wessman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurate Ásmundsson
- Pathology Department, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Agneta Markström
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, and Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (T.M.)
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12
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Wang X, Hu Y, Zou X, Wang P, Yue H, Guo M, Li Z, Gong P. Discovery of 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine derivatives bearing dithiocarbamate moiety as novel ALK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 66:116794. [PMID: 35576654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To overcome drug resistance caused by ALK kinase mutations especially G1202R, two series of novel 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine derivatives bearing dithiocarbamate moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities. Among all the target compounds, B10 efficiently inhibited the proliferation of ALK-positive Karpas299 and H2228 cells both with IC50 values of 0.07 μM. In addition, B10 exhibited remarkable enzymatic inhibitory potency with IC50 values of 4.59 nM, 2.07 nM and 5.95 nM toward ALKWT, ALKL1196M and ALKG1202R, respectively. Furthermore, B10 induced apoptosis in H2228 cell and caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Ultimately, the binding modes of B10 with ALKWT and ALKG1202R were ideally established, which further confirmed the structural basis in accordance with the SARs analysis. These results indicated that B10 was a potent ALK inhibitor for ALKG1202R mutation treatment and deserved for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yiran Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hao Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingzhang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zefei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ping Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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13
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Ahrendsen JT, Ta R, Li J, Weinberg OK, Ferry JA, Hasserjian RP, Meredith DM, Varma H, Sadigh S, Michaels PD. Primary Central Nervous System Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, ALK Positive. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 158:300-310. [PMID: 35460414 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary central nervous system anaplastic large cell lymphoma, anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (primary CNS ALCL, ALK+) is a rare CNS lymphoma whose description is limited to case reports. These tumors have a variable clinical course, and prognosis is primarily determined by age. We present the largest case series to date of primary CNS ALCL, ALK+, with observational data. METHODS A retrospective search of multiple academic centers was performed to identify cases of primary CNS ALCL, ALK+. We also performed a review of published cases of primary CNS ALCL, ALK+. Clinical history, radiography, pathology, and genetic testing data were obtained to determine the prognostic implications in the context of clinical course. RESULTS We identified three cases of primary CNS ALCL, ALK+ from our databases. A literature review identified 30 published reports of 31 individual cases. Clinical features for the combined 34 cases included a median age of 18.5 years, with a male to female ratio of 4.7:1, and the most common symptom was headache. Genetic studies demonstrated an ALK rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and a gene fusion assay confirmed an NPM1-ALK gene fusion in one case. CONCLUSIONS We present the largest case series to date of a rare primary CNS lymphoma with additional diagnostic and clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Ahrendsen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Oklahoma City Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Robert Ta
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga K Weinberg
- University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Judith A Ferry
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David M Meredith
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hemant Varma
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sam Sadigh
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phillip D Michaels
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Dawsey SJ, Gupta S. Hereditary Renal Cell Carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/kca-210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hereditary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a complex and rapidly evolving topic as there is a growing body of literature regarding inherited syndromes and mutations associated with an increased risk of RCC. OBJECTIVES: We sought to systematically review 13 hereditary syndromes associated with RCC; von Hippel-Lindau Disease associated RCC (VHLRCC), BAP-1 associated clear cell RCC (BAPccRCC), Familial non-von Hippel Lindau clear cell RCC (FccRCC), Tuberous Sclerosis Complex associated RCC (TSCRCC), Birt-Hogg-Dub e ´ Syndrome associated RCC (BHDRCC), PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome associated RCC (PHTSRCC), Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Family translocation RCC (MiTFtRCC), RCC with Chromosome 6p Amplification (TFEBRCC), Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Associated RCC (ADPKDRCC), Hereditary Leiomyomatosis associated RCC (HLRCC), Succinate Dehydrogenase RCC (SDHRCC), Hereditary Papillary RCC (HPRCC), and ALK-Rearrangement RCC (ALKRCC). RESULTS: Hereditary RCC is generally associated with early age of onset, multifocal and/or bilateral lesions, and aggressive disease course. VHLRCC, BAPccRCC, FccRCC, and certain mutations resulting in SDHRCC are associated with clear cell RCC (ccRCC). HPRCC is associated with Type 1 papillary RCC. HLRCC is associated with type 2 papillary RCC. BHDRCC is associated with Chromophobe RCC. TSCRCC, PHTSRCC, MiTFtRCC, TFEBRCC, ADPKDRCC, certain SDHRCC and ALKRCC have variable histology. CONCLUSIONS: There has been tremendous advancement in our understanding of the pathophysiology of hereditary RCC. Ongoing research will refine our understanding of hereditary RCC and its therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Dawsey
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Schwarting R, Behling E, Allen A, Arguello-Guerra V, Budak-Alpdogan T. CD30+ Lymphoproliferative Disorders as Potential Candidates for CD30-Targeted Therapies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2022; 146:415-432. [PMID: 35299246 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0338-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— In the early 1980s, a monoclonal antibody termed Ki-1 was developed against a cell line derived from a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma. This antibody detected a limited number of benign activated lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue, whereas in Hodgkin lymphoma it appeared to be nearly specific for Reed-Sternberg cells and their mononuclear variants. Subsequent studies showed that Ki-1 expression defined a new type of lymphoma that was later designated anaplastic large cell lymphoma with or without anaplastic large cell kinase expression/translocation. In the past 30 years, numerous new lymphoma entities have been defined, many of which are variably positive for CD30. Many virally transformed lymphoproliferative disorders are also frequently positive for CD30. OBJECTIVE.— To illustrate the broad spectrum of CD30+ hematologic malignancies and to provide an update of CD30-targeted therapies. DATA SOURCES.— Personal experiences and published works in PubMed. CONCLUSIONS.— Because of its low expression in normal tissue, CD30 was studied as a therapeutic target for many years. However, the first functional humanized antibody against CD30 was developed only about 10 years ago. Brentuximab vedotin is a humanized anti-CD30 antibody linked to a cytotoxin, and was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2012 for treating refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Since then, the list of Food and Drug Administration-approved CD30-targeted hematologic malignancies has grown. Recently, the therapies using tumor antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting CD30 have incited a great deal of enthusiasm and are studied in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schwarting
- From the Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey (Schwarting, Behling, Allen, Arguello-Guerra)
| | - Eric Behling
- From the Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey (Schwarting, Behling, Allen, Arguello-Guerra)
| | - Ashleigh Allen
- From the Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey (Schwarting, Behling, Allen, Arguello-Guerra)
| | - Vivian Arguello-Guerra
- From the Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey (Schwarting, Behling, Allen, Arguello-Guerra)
| | - Tulin Budak-Alpdogan
- MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Department of Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey (Budak-Alpdogan)
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16
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Kimura S, Oyama Y, Ziyao W, Waseda R, Nishino N, Sakata T, Takeshita M. A Rare Case of Tracheal Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis Associated with Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue. Int J Surg Pathol 2022; 30:543-550. [DOI: 10.1177/10668969221074615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare non-neoplastic histiocytic lesion with abnormal accumulation of immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain. CSH is associated with Ig overproduction by B-lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPDs) or by persistent inflammatory diseases. Eighteen cases of pulmonary CSH have been reported. However, no case reports of tracheal CSH have been published. In this patient, we found a solitary tracheal tumor in an asymptomatic 60-year-old man on chest computed tomography scan. Histologically, the tumor comprised two different lesions. One lesion showed diffuse proliferation of spindle-shaped histiocytes with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. With immunohistochemistry, the histiocytic cells were positive for CD68, CD163 and Ig kappa light chain, and the cytoplasm was weakly positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein. Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated no split signals for the ALK gene. Electron microscopy demonstrated many elongated or rhomboid-shaped dense crystals in the cytoplasm of histiocytes. The second lesion showed proliferation of CD20-positive small atypical lymphocytes mixed with Ig kappa chain-positive plasma cells. A diagnosis of CSH and concomitant mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma was made. In this patient, unexpected ALK protein was detected in infiltrating histiocytes. Therefore, careful assessment of the ALK protein and gene was necessary to differentiate from other histiocytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuzo Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wang Ziyao
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Waseda
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast, and Pediatric Surgery, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nanako Nishino
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast, and Pediatric Surgery, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Sakata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Morishige Takeshita
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
- Pathology Laboratory, Saiseikai Yahata General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Pathak N, Chitikela S, Malik PS. Recent advances in lung cancer genomics: Application in targeted therapy. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:201-275. [PMID: 34844713 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genomic characterization of lung cancer has not only improved our understanding of disease biology and carcinogenesis but also revealed several therapeutic opportunities. Targeting tumor dependencies on specific genomic alterations (oncogene addiction) has accelerated the therapeutic developments and significantly improved the outcomes even in advanced stage of disease. Identification of genomic alterations predicting response to specific targeted treatment is the key to success for this "personalized treatment" approach. Availability of multiple choices of therapeutic options for specific genomic alterations highlight the importance of optimum sequencing of drugs. Multiplex gene testing has become mandatory in view of constantly increasing number of therapeutic targets and effective treatment options. Influence of genomic characteristics on response to immunotherapy further makes comprehensive genomic profiling necessary before therapeutic decision making. A comprehensive elucidation of resistance mechanisms and directed treatments have made the continuum of care possible and transformed this deadly disease into a chronic condition. Liquid biopsy-based approach has made the dynamic monitoring of disease possible and enabled treatment optimizations accordingly. Current lung cancer management is the perfect example of "precision-medicine" in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pathak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.I.R.C.H., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sindhura Chitikela
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.I.R.C.H., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh Malik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.I.R.C.H., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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18
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Perri P, Ponzoni M, Corrias MV, Ceccherini I, Candiani S, Bachetti T. A Focus on Regulatory Networks Linking MicroRNAs, Transcription Factors and Target Genes in Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5528. [PMID: 34771690 PMCID: PMC8582685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system that substantially contributes to childhood cancer mortality. NB originates from neural crest cells (NCCs) undergoing a defective sympathetic neuronal differentiation and although the starting events leading to the development of NB remain to be fully elucidated, the master role of genetic alterations in key oncogenes has been ascertained: (1) amplification and/or over-expression of MYCN, which is strongly associated with tumor progression and invasion; (2) activating mutations, amplification and/or over-expression of ALK, which is involved in tumor initiation, angiogenesis and invasion; (3) amplification and/or over-expression of LIN28B, promoting proliferation and suppression of neuroblast differentiation; (4) mutations and/or over-expression of PHOX2B, which is involved in the regulation of NB differentiation, stemness maintenance, migration and metastasis. Moreover, altered microRNA (miRNA) expression takes part in generating pathogenetic networks, in which the regulatory loops among transcription factors, miRNAs and target genes lead to complex and aberrant oncogene expression that underlies the development of a tumor. In this review, we have focused on the circuitry linking the oncogenic transcription factors MYCN and PHOX2B with their transcriptional targets ALK and LIN28B and the tumor suppressor microRNAs let-7, miR-34 and miR-204, which should act as down-regulators of their expression. We have also looked at the physiologic role of these genetic and epigenetic determinants in NC development, as well as in terminal differentiation, with their pathogenic dysregulation leading to NB oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Perri
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Maria Valeria Corrias
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Isabella Ceccherini
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Simona Candiani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Bachetti
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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19
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Xie S, Sun Y, Liu Y, Li X, Li X, Zhong W, Zhan F, Zhu J, Yao H, Yang DH, Chen ZS, Xu J, Xu S. Development of Alectinib-Based PROTACs as Novel Potent Degraders of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK). J Med Chem 2021; 64:9120-9140. [PMID: 34176264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) degraders were designed and synthesized based on proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology by linking two alectinib analogs (36 and 37) with pomalidomide through linkers of different lengths and types. The most promising degrader 17 possessed a high ALK-binding affinity and potent antiproliferative activity in the ALK-dependent cell lines and did not exhibit obvious cytotoxicity in ALK fusion-negative cells. More importantly, the efficacy of compound 17 in a Karpas 299 xenograft mouse model was further evaluated based on its ALK-sustained degradation ability in vivo. The reduction in tumor weight in the compound 17-treated group (10 mg/kg/day, I.V.) reached 75.82%, while alectinib reduced tumor weight by 63.82% at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day (P.O.). Taken together, our findings suggest that alectinib-based PROTACs associated with the degradation of ALK may have promising beneficial effects for treating ALK-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.,Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xinnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xinuo Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Zhong
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Feiyan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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20
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Pawlicki JM, Cookmeyer DL, Maseda D, Everett JK, Wei F, Kong H, Zhang Q, Wang HY, Tobias JW, Walter DM, Zullo KM, Javaid S, Watkins A, Wasik MA, Bushman FD, Riley JL. NPM-ALK-Induced Reprogramming of Mature TCR-Stimulated T Cells Results in Dedifferentiation and Malignant Transformation. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3241-3254. [PMID: 33619116 PMCID: PMC8260452 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fusion genes including NPM-ALK can promote T-cell transformation, but the signals required to drive a healthy T cell to become malignant remain undefined. In this study, we introduce NPM-ALK into primary human T cells and demonstrate induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, attenuation of most T-cell effector programs, reemergence of an immature epigenomic profile, and dynamic regulation of c-Myc, E2F, and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways early during transformation. A mutant of NPM-ALK failed to bind several signaling complexes including GRB2/SOS, SHC1, SHC4, and UBASH3B and was unable to transform T cells. Finally, T-cell receptor (TCR)-generated signals were required to achieve T-cell transformation, explaining how healthy individuals can harbor T cells with NPM-ALK translocations. These findings describe the fundamental mechanisms of NPM-ALK-mediated oncogenesis and may serve as a model to better understand factors that regulate tumor formation. SIGNIFICANCE: This investigation into malignant transformation of T cells uncovers a requirement for TCR triggering, elucidates integral signaling complexes nucleated by NPM-ALK, and delineates dynamic transcriptional changes as a T cell transforms.See related commentary by Spasevska and Myklebust, p. 3160.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Cell Dedifferentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cellular Reprogramming
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Pawlicki
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David L Cookmeyer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Damian Maseda
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John K Everett
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hong Kong
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qian Zhang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hong Y Wang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John W Tobias
- Penn Genomic Analysis Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David M Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly M Zullo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Javaid
- Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James L Riley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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21
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Strosberg C, Sagatys EM. Primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the CNS as initial presentation of HIV infection: A case report. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2021.200513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Takeyasu Y, Okuma HS, Kojima Y, Nishikawa T, Tanioka M, Sudo K, Shimoi T, Noguchi E, Arakawa A, Mori T, Sunami K, Kubo T, Kohno T, Akihiko Y, Yamamoto N, Yonemori K. Impact of ALK Inhibitors in Patients With ALK-Rearranged Nonlung Solid Tumors. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00383. [PMID: 34036223 PMCID: PMC8140781 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement is a well-known driver oncogene in non–small-cell lung cancer and has also been identified in other types of tumors. However, there is limited evidence on the clinical response to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as alectinib and crizotinib, in rare tumors with ALK fusion. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of ALK-TKIs in rare ALK-rearranged tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between April 2012 and April 2019, clinical outcomes and characteristics of patients with ALK-rearranged nonlung solid tumors who received ALK-TKIs (alectinib and/or crizotinib) outside of clinical trials were reviewed. Expression and/or rearrangement of ALK was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and next-generation sequencing. The tumor response was assessed according to RECIST (version 1.1). Progression-free survival was estimated from initial ALK-TKI initiation until progression. RESULTS We identified seven patients (inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, n = 3; ALK-positive histiocytosis, n = 1; histiocytic sarcoma, n = 1; osteosarcoma, n = 1; and parotid adenocarcinoma, n = 1), with a median age of 17 years. Two rare ALK fusions, namely, CTNNA1-ALK and ITSN2-ALK, were identified. As initial ALK-TKI therapy, five patients received alectinib and two received crizotinib. The objective response rate for the initial ALK-TKI therapy was 85.7% (95% CI, 44 to 97), including two patients who received alectinib and achieved complete response. The median progression-free survival was 8.1 months (range, 1.7 to not estimable). There were no treatment interruptions or dose reductions because of adverse events caused by alectinib. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential benefit of ALK-TKIs, especially alectinib, in patients with ALK-rearranged nonlung solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takeyasu
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi S Okuma
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kojima
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nishikawa
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Tanioka
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Shimoi
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Noguchi
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Arakawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Sunami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshida Akihiko
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Kuroda N, Trpkov K, Gao Y, Tretiakova M, Liu YJ, Ulamec M, Takeuchi K, Agaimy A, Przybycin C, Magi-Galluzzi C, Fushimi S, Kojima F, Sibony M, Hang JF, Pan CC, Yilmaz A, Siadat F, Sugawara E, Just PA, Ptakova N, Hes O. ALK rearranged renal cell carcinoma (ALK-RCC): a multi-institutional study of twelve cases with identification of novel partner genes CLIP1, KIF5B and KIAA1217. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:2564-2579. [PMID: 32467651 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ALK rearranged renal cell carcinoma (ALK-RCC) has recently been included in 2016 WHO classification as a provisional entity. In this study, we describe 12 ALK-RCCs from 8 institutions, with detailed clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next generation sequencing (NGS) analyses. Patients' age ranged from 25 to 68 years (mean, 46.3 years). Seven patients were females and five were males (M:F = 1:1.4). Tumor size ranged from 17 to 70 mm (mean 31.5, median 25 mm). The pTNM stage included: pT1a (n = 7), pT1b (n = 1), and pT3a (n = 4). Follow-up was available for 9/12 patients (range: 2 to 153 months; mean 37.6 months); 8 patients were alive without disease and one was alive with distant metastases. The tumors demonstrated heterogeneous, 'difficult to classify' morphology in 10/12 cases, typically showing diverse architectural and cellular morphologies, including papillary, tubular, tubulocystic, solid, sarcomatoid (spindle cell), rhabdoid, signet-ring cell, and intracytoplasmic vacuoles, often set in a mucinous background. Of the remaining two tumors, one showed morphology resembling mucinous tubular and spindle cell renal cell carcinoma (MTSC RCC-like) and one was indistinguishable from metanephric adenoma. One additional case also showed a focal metanephric adenoma-like area, in an otherwise heterogeneous tumor. By IHC, all tumors were diffusely positive for ALK and PAX8. In both cases with metanephric adenoma-like features, WT1 and ALK were coexpressed. ALK rearrangement was identified in 9/11 tumors by FISH. ALK fusion partners were identified by NGS in all 12 cases, including the previously reported: STRN (n = 3), TPM3 (n = 3), EML4 (n = 2), and PLEKHA7 (n = 1), and also three novel fusion partners: CLIP1 (n = 1), KIF5B (n = 1), and KIAA1217 (n = 1). ALK-RCC represents a genetically distinct entity showing a heterogeneous histomorphology, expanded herein to include unreported metanephric adenoma-like and MTSC RCC-like variants. We advocate a routine ALK IHC screening for "unclassifiable RCCs" with heterogeneous features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kuroda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi Red Cross Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kiril Trpkov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Tretiakova
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yajuan J Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Ljudevit Jurak Pathology Department, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdice, Zagreb; Pathology Department, Medical Faculty, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Division of Pathology and Pathology Project of Molecular Targets, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Przybycin
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute and Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Soichiro Fushimi
- Department of Pathology, Himeji Red Cross Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Kojima
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Malthide Sibony
- Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Cochin Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Jen-Fan Hang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Pan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Asli Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Farshid Siadat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emiko Sugawara
- Department of Pathology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Just
- Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Cochin Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Nikola Ptakova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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24
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Zhu Y, Liu N, Guo W, Pu X, Guo H, Gan W, Li D. ALK rearrangement in TFE3-positive renal cell carcinoma: Alternative diagnostic option to exclude Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153286. [PMID: 33197836 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare subtype of RCC with gene fusion involving ALK at 2p23. It was first included in the renal tumor classification system by WorldHealth organization (WHO) as a distinct emerging/provisional renal entity in 2016. To date, only a few cases of ALK-RCC have been reported. Here, we report an exceptional case of ALK-RCC in a 15-year-old girl and review the literature. The patient presented with gross hematuria and a tumor measured 7 cm × 6 cm was found in the left kidney by imaging examination. Then a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy combined with local lymph node dissection was performed. The pathologic stage of the tumor was pT1bN1Mx and postoperative pathology showed that the tumor corresponded to WHO/ISUP grade 3-4. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated moderate nuclear expression of TFE3 protein. Interestingly, ALK gene rearrangement rather than TFE3 gene rearrangement was observed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Now the girl is still alive without evidence of recurrence for 10 months follow-up. In conclusion, the positive expression of nuclear TFE3 in immunohistochemistry may be deceptive, the detection of ALK could be a diagnostic option if TFE3 was negative in FISH study. Large-scale and long-term studies are still needed to explore the biological behavior and molecular characteristic of ALK-RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Zhu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Urology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Pu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Gan
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Bailey NG, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ. Impact of Genetics on Mature Lymphoid Leukemias and Lymphomas. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a035444. [PMID: 31932467 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent genetic aberrations have long been recognized in mature lymphoid leukemias and lymphomas. As conventional karyotypic and molecular cloning techniques evolved in the 1970s and 1980s, multiple cytogenetic aberrations were identified in lymphomas, often balanced translocations that juxtaposed oncogenes to the immunoglobulin (IG) or T-cell receptor (TR) loci, leading to dysregulation. However, genetic characterization and classification of lymphoma by conventional cytogenetic methods is limited by the infrequent occurrence of recurrent karyotypic abnormalities in many lymphoma subtypes and by the frequent difficulty in growing clinical lymphoma specimens in culture to obtain informative karyotypes. As higher-resolution genomic techniques developed, such as array comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization, many recurrent copy number changes were identified in lymphomas, and copy number assessment of interphase cells became part of routine clinical practice for a subset of diseases. Platforms to globally examine mRNA expression led to major insights into the biology of several lymphomas, although these techniques have not gained widespread application in routine clinical settings. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques in the early 2000s, numerous insights into the genetic landscape of lymphomas were obtained. In contrast to the myeloid malignancies, most common lymphomas exhibit an at least somewhat mutationally complex genome, with few single driver mutations in the majority of patients. However, many recurrently mutated pathways have been identified across lymphoma subtypes, informing targeted therapeutic approaches that are beginning to make meaningful changes in the treatment of lymphoma. In addition to the ability to identify possible therapeutic targets, NGS techniques are highly amenable to the tracking of residual lymphoma following therapy, because of the presence of unique genetic "fingerprints" in lymphoma cells due to V(D)-J recombination at the antigen receptor loci. This review will provide an overview of the impact of novel genetic technologies on lymphoma classification, biology, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael G Bailey
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Kojo S J Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA
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26
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Making NSCLC Crystal Clear: How Kinase Structures Revolutionized Lung Cancer Treatment. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The parallel advances of different scientific fields provide a contemporary scenario where collaboration is not a differential, but actually a requirement. In this context, crystallography has had a major contribution on the medical sciences, providing a “face” for targets of diseases that previously were known solely by name or sequence. Worldwide, cancer still leads the number of annual deaths, with 9.6 million associated deaths, with a major contribution from lung cancer and its 1.7 million deaths. Since the relationship between cancer and kinases was unraveled, these proteins have been extensively explored and became associated with drugs that later attained blockbuster status. Crystallographic structures of kinases related to lung cancer and their developed and marketed drugs provided insight on their conformation in the absence or presence of small molecules. Notwithstanding, these structures were also of service once the initially highly successful drugs started to lose their effectiveness in the emergence of mutations. This review focuses on a subclassification of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and major oncogenic driver mutations in kinases, and how crystallographic structures can be used, not only to provide awareness of the function and inhibition of these mutations, but also how these structures can be used in further computational studies aiming at addressing these novel mutations in the field of personalized medicine.
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27
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PROteolysis TArgetting Chimeras (PROTACs) Strategy Applied to Kinases: Recent Advances. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Mitry MA, Sogani J, Sutton EJ, Kumar P, Horwitz S, Elmi A, Patel SN, Gallagher K, Dashevsky BZ, Mango V. Rare Cancer on the Rise: An Educational Review of Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. JOURNAL OF BREAST IMAGING 2020; 2:398-407. [PMID: 38424964 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare but increasingly important diagnosis as the incidence of breast implant placement, both elective and reconstructive, continues to rise. When detected and treated early, this indolent disease carries an excellent prognosis. However, because the clinical presentation is often nonspecific, it is crucial for radiologists to accurately identify the imaging findings associated with BIA-ALCL to facilitate a timely diagnosis. This article will provide radiologists with an overview of the diagnosis, imaging findings, and management of BIA-ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Mitry
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY
| | - Julie Sogani
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth J Sutton
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY
| | - Priyadarshini Kumar
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY
| | - Steven Horwitz
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY
| | - Azadeh Elmi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY
| | - Sejal N Patel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY
| | - Katherine Gallagher
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY
| | | | - Victoria Mango
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY
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29
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Attarbaschi A, Abla O, Arias Padilla L, Beishuizen A, Burke GAA, Brugières L, Bruneau J, Burkhardt B, d'Amore ESG, Klapper W, Kontny U, Pillon M, Taj M, Turner SD, Uyttebroeck A, Woessmann W, Mellgren K. Rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma of childhood and adolescence: A consensus diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pediatric-type follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and nonanaplastic peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28416. [PMID: 32452165 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric-type follicular (PTFL), marginal zone (MZL), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) account each for <2% of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We present clinical and histopathological features of PTFL, MZL, and few subtypes of PTCL and provide treatment recommendations. For localized PTFL and MZL, watchful waiting after complete resection is the therapy of choice. For PTCL, therapy is subtype-dependent and ranges from a block-like anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)-derived and, alternatively, leukemia-derived therapy in PTCL not otherwise specified and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma to a block-like mature B-NHL-derived or, preferentially, ALCL-derived treatment followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first remission in hepatosplenic and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andishe Attarbaschi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oussama Abla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Arias Padilla
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Auke Beishuizen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G A Amos Burke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Brugières
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Center, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Department of Pathology, Necker Enfants Maladies Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Birgit Burkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Udo Kontny
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marta Pillon
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mary Taj
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Uyttebroeck
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wilhelm Woessmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Hamburg, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karin Mellgren
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Queen Silvia's Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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Sasaki E, Masago K, Fujita S, Suzuki H, Hanai N, Hosoda W. Salivary Secretory Carcinoma Harboring a Novel ALK Fusion: Expanding the Molecular Characterization of Carcinomas Beyond the ETV6 Gene. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 44:962-969. [PMID: 32205481 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Secretory carcinoma (SC) of the salivary glands is a low-grade carcinoma characterized by a well-defined morphology and immunohistochemical features. ETV6-NTRK3 fusions are detected in the great majority of SCs. Recently, other partners fused to ETV6 have been documented in a small portion of SCs, suggesting the presence of alternative genetic fusion. In this study, we examined the genetic fusion of 9 SCs using fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing (ArcherDx). Classic ETV6 exon 5-NTRK3 exon 15 fusion was detected in 8 of 9 SCs. The remaining tumor was negative for the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion but harbored a novel fusion, CTNNA1 exon 11-ALK in exon 20. Immunohistochemically, pan-TRK was positive in 8 tumors with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion but negative in an ALK-rearranged SC, while ALK was positive only in the ALK-rearranged tumor. Histologically, the ALK-rearranged tumor showed dominant macrocystic architecture. In conclusion, we found a case of SC with CTNNA1-ALK fusion. Because ALK fusion after exon 20 on the ALK side (upstream of the tyrosine kinase domain) has been reported to activate a carcinogenic kinase in various ALK-rearranged tumors, ALK inhibitors may be a possible therapeutic option for ALK-rearranged SC. In addition, ALK immunohistochemistry can be a screening tool for ALK-rearranged SC. This study also expands the molecular spectrum of this tumor beyond the ETV6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shiro Fujita
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanai
- Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics
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31
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Vega F, Medeiros LJ. A suggested immunohistochemical algorithm for the classification of T-cell lymphomas involving lymph nodes. Hum Pathol 2020; 102:104-116. [PMID: 32479842 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms derived from mature T lymphocytes. These neoplasms are uncommon and usually diagnostically challenging. The focus of this article is to suggest an immunohistochemistry-based, practical approach to assist in the diagnosis of nodal T-cell lymphomas. These neoplasms fall into two major groups: those with many CD30+ tumor cells (group A) and neoplasms that are negative or show only partial expression of CD30 (group B). The differential diagnosis of group A neoplasms mainly includes ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), ALK-negative ALCL, mycosis fungoides with CD30+ large-cell transformation, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, extranodal T-cell lymphomas involving lymph nodes (usually regional), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Group B neoplasms also include two groups based on the presence or absence of T follicular helper (TFH) markers. Those neoplasms expressing at least 2 TFH markers include angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, nodal PTCL with a TFH phenotype, and follicular T-cell lymphoma. Neoplasms expressing ≤1 TFH marker can be further subdivided based on the expression of CD8 and cytotoxic markers and mainly include PTCL-NOS and a series of unusual subsets including primary Epstein-Barr virus-positive nodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, PTCL-NOS with a cytotoxic immunophenotype, and γ/δ T-cell lymphomas. Using this algorithmic approach, we suggest that the pathologist can establish a diagnosis for most nodal T-cell lymphomas encountered in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vega
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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32
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Di Raimondo C, Parekh V, Song JY, Rosen ST, Querfeld C, Zain J, Martinez XU, Abdulla FR. Primary Cutaneous CD30+ Lymphoproliferative Disorders: a Comprehensive Review. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2020; 15:333-342. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-020-00583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Agarwal I, Sabatini L, Alikhan MB. Diagnostic Capability of Next-Generation Sequencing Fusion Analysis in Identifying a Rare CASE of TRAF1-ALK-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:730. [PMID: 32457846 PMCID: PMC7225296 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare T-cell neoplasm, accounting for approximately 3% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Although NPM1 is the most common fusion partner with ALK, many others have been described, necessitating break-apart FISH studies for confirmation of the diagnosis. TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) is a rare ALK partner that is thought to confer a worse prognosis in patients. We describe the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) RNA analysis in detection of this uncommon ALK partner. Case Description: A 42-year-old male with cervical lymphadenopathy presented for excisional biopsy. Following a tissue diagnosis of ALCL, ALK+, RNA from the biopsy was extracted from Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and prepared for Anchored Multiplex PCR using the Archer® FusionPlex® v2 assay, which employs unidirectional gene-specific primers using NGS to detect novel or unknown gene partners. Results: Histologic evaluation of the excised lymph node showed atypical cells, including “horseshoe/kidney”-shaped nuclei. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive against CD30, ALK (diffuse, cytoplasmic), CD2, CD4, granzyme B, and TIA-1. A diagnosis of ALCL, ALK+ was made. The pattern of ALK immunostaining suggested a non-NPM1-associated ALK translocation pattern, prompting further investigation. NGS fusion analysis showed a translocation involving exon 7 of TRAF1 and exon 20 of ALK. Conclusion: ALK positivity suggests an overall favorable prognosis of ALCL as compared to ALK-negative cases. However, in the rare published cases of TRAF1-ALK, an aggressive clinical course has been observed, which may reflect the aggressive propensity of this particular fusion, as these cases appear to be refractory to standard chemotherapy and also to the first generation ALK inhibitors. This study highlights the advantage of using NGS in RNA-based fusion assays to detect rare translocations, which can be of some clinical importance in detecting rare but aggressive fusion partners of ALK. As these technologies become more available, there is potential to identify such changes and effectively stratify the prognosis of ALCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Agarwal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Linda Sabatini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Mir B Alikhan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
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Kourentzi K, Crum M, Patil U, Prebisch A, Chavan D, Vu B, Zeng Z, Litvinov D, Zu Y, Willson RC. Recombinant expression, characterization, and quantification in human cancer cell lines of the Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma-characteristic NPM-ALK fusion protein. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5078. [PMID: 32193476 PMCID: PMC7081362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive T-cell lymphoma most commonly seen in children and young adults. The majority of pediatric ALCLs are associated with the t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation which fuses the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene with the Nucleophosmin (NPM) gene. The NPM-ALK fusion protein is a constitutively-active tyrosine kinase, and plays a major role in tumor pathogenesis. In an effort to advance novel diagnostic approaches and the understanding of the function of this fusion protein in cancer cells, we expressed in E. coli, purified and characterized human NPM-ALK fusion protein to be used as a standard for estimating expression levels in cultured human ALCL cells, a key tool in ALCL pathobiology research. We estimated that NPM-ALK fusion protein is expressed at substantial levels in both Karpas 299 and SU-DHL-1 cells (ca. 4-6 million molecules or 0.5-0.7 pg protein per cell; based on our in-house developed NPM-ALK ELISA; LOD of 40 pM) as compared to the ubiquitous β-actin protein (ca. 64 million molecules or 4.5 pg per lymphocyte). We also compared NPM-ALK/ β-actin ratios determined by ELISA to those independently determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis and showed that the two methods are in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Mary Crum
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ujwal Patil
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ana Prebisch
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Dimple Chavan
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Binh Vu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zihua Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dmitri Litvinov
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Richard C Willson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud ITESM, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Woo CG, Yun SJ, Son SM, Lim YH, Lee OJ. Characteristics of Renal Cell Carcinoma Harboring TPM3-ALK Fusion. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:262-266. [PMID: 32102128 PMCID: PMC7044692 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.3.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization 2016 edition assigned anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement-associated renal cell carcinoma (ALK-RCC) as an emerging renal tumor entity. Identifying ALK-RCC is important because ALK inhibitors have been shown to be effective in treatment. Here, we report the case of a 14-year-old young man with ALK-RCC. Computed tomography revealed a well-demarcated 5.3-cm enhancing mass at the upper pole of the left kidney. There was no further history or symptoms of the sickle-cell trait. The patient underwent left radical nephrectomy. Pathologically, the mass was diagnosed as an unclassified RCC. Targeted next-generation sequencing identified a TPM3-ALK fusion gene. The present report and literature review demonstrate that TPM3-ALK RCC may be associated with distinct clinicopathological features. Microscopically, the tumors showed diffuse growth and tubulocystic changes with inflammatory cell infiltration. Tumor cells were dis-cohesive and epithelioid with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasmic vacuoles. If morphological features and TFE3 expression are present in adolescent and young patients, molecular tests for ALK translocation should be performed. This awareness is critically important, because ALK rearrangement confers sensitivity to ALK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gok Woo
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seok Jung Yun
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung Myoung Son
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ok Jun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
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Wang L, Lui VWY. Emerging Roles of ALK in Immunity and Insights for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E426. [PMID: 32059449 PMCID: PMC7072244 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is mostly known for its oncogenic role in several human cancers. Recent evidences clearly indicate new roles of ALK and its genetic aberrations (e.g. gene rearrangements and mutations) in immune evasion, innate and cell-mediated immunity. New ALK-related immunotherapy approaches are demonstrating both preclinical and clinical promises. Here, we provide a timely review on the most updated laboratory and patient-related findings on ALK and immunity, which would grant us important insights for the development of novel ALK immunotherapies for ALK-altered cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
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Siadat F, Trpkov K. ESC, ALK, HOT and LOT: Three Letter Acronyms of Emerging Renal Entities Knocking on the Door of the WHO Classification. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010168. [PMID: 31936678 PMCID: PMC7017067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney neoplasms are among the most heterogeneous and diverse tumors. Continuous advancement of this field is reflected in the emergence of new tumour entities and an increased recognition of the expanding morphologic, immunohistochemical, molecular, epidemiologic and clinical spectrum of renal tumors. Most recent advances after the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of renal cell tumors have provided new evidence on some emerging entities, such as anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement-associated RCC (ALK-RCC), which has already been included in the WHO 2016 classification as a provisional entity. Additionally, several previously unrecognized entities, not currently included in the WHO classification, have also been introduced, such as eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC RCC), low-grade oncocytic renal tumor (LOT) and high-grade oncocytic renal tumor (HOT) of kidney. Although pathologists play a crucial role in the recognition and classification of these new tumor entities and are at the forefront of the efforts to characterize them, the awareness and the acceptance of these entities among clinicians will ultimately translate into more nuanced management and improved prognostication for individual patients. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge and the novel data on these emerging renal entities, with an aim to promote their increased diagnostic recognition and better characterization, and to facilitate further studies that will hopefully lead to their formal recognition and consideration in the future classifications of kidney tumors.
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Wang J, Wei S, Li T, Xing L, Cao M, Jiang N, Guo M, Zuo D, Zhai X. Structure-based design of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives bearing a pyrrolyl group as ALK and ROS1 inhibitors. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives (9a–9n and 10a–10n) bearing a pyrrolyl moiety were designed and synthesized based on the co-crystal structure of ceritinib with ALKwt protein and compound 10d bearing sulfonamide (R1) and 4-methylpiperazinyl (R2) moiety was of great promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Shangfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Ming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
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Discovery of 2-aminopyridines bearing a pyridone moiety as potent ALK inhibitors to overcome the crizotinib-resistant mutants. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Yan H, Du J, Chen X, Yang B, He Q, Yang X, Luo P. ROS-dependent DNA damage contributes to crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity via the apoptotic pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114768. [PMID: 31639374 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Crizotinib is an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET). Unfortunately, hepatotoxicity is a serious limitation in its clinical application, and the reason remains largely unknown. In this study, we tested the effect of crizotinib in human hepatocyte cell line HL-7702 and human primary hepatocytes, and the results showed that crizotinib treatment caused hepatocyte damage, suggesting that crizotinib induced liver injury by causing hepatocyte death, consistent with the clinical cases. Mechanistically, crizotinib induced hepatocyte death via the apoptotic pathway, and cleaved PARP (c-PARP) was observed as a signaling protein. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease contributed to crizotinib-induced hepatocyte apoptosis accompanied by hepatocyte DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Importantly, crizotinib induced hepatocyte apoptosis independent of its targets, ALK, ROS1 and MET. In conclusion, our data showed that crizotinib induced liver injury through hepatocyte death via the apoptotic pathway which was independent of ALK, ROS1 and MET. And we also found that MMP decrease, DNA damage and ROS generation were involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiangxia Du
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China..
| | - Peihua Luo
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China..
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Chang HH, Lu MY, Yang YL, Chou SW, Lin DT, Lin KH, Hsu WM, Jeng YM, Jou ST. The prognostic roles of and correlation between ALK and MYCN protein expression in neuroblastoma. J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:154-161. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimsTo investigate the relations between anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and v-myc myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN) protein expression and their prognostic roles in neuroblastoma tumours.MethodsSixty-one neuroblastoma tumours obtained at diagnosis were stained with anti-MYCN and anti-ALK antibodies by immunohistochemical staining. The correlations between protein expression of MYCN, ALK and clinicopathological and biological variables of neuroblastoma tumours were analysed.ResultsHigh expression of ALK protein could be detected in 25 (41%) and high expression of MYCN protein could be detected in 24 (39.3%) of the 61 neuroblastoma tumours, respectively. The majority of neuroblastoma tumours with evident of ALK or MYCN protein high expression exhibited undifferentiated or poorly differentiated histology (30/35, 85.7%). ALK or MYCN protein high expression in neuroblastoma tumours was associated with adverse clinical prognostic factors and ALK protein high expression was significantly associated with MYCN protein high expression. In addition, either ALK or MYCN protein high expression in neuroblastoma tumours was the independent adverse prognostic factor and also predicted worse survival outcomes for neuroblastoma patients with MYCN non-amplified status or non-high-risk Children’s Oncology Group grouping.ConclusionsOur study showed a novel coordinately prognostic role of ALK and MYCN protein expression in neuroblastoma and is the first report to demonstrate the correlation between ALK and MYCN protein expression in primary neuroblastoma tumours.
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Singh VK, Werner S, Schwalm S, Lennerz V, Ruf S, Stadler S, Hackstein H, Reiter A, Wölfel T, Damm-Welk C, Woessmann W. NPM-ALK-reactive T-cell responses in children and adolescents with NPM-ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1625688. [PMID: 31428523 PMCID: PMC6685518 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1625688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncoantigen nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) induces cellular and humoral immune responses in patients with NPM-ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). We characterize the NPM-ALK-specific T-cell responses in a cohort of pediatric and adolescent ALCL-patients in remission without Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)-preselection. First, we assessed NPM-ALK-reactive T-cell responses and their HLA-class I restriction in patients by using dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with in vitro transcribed (IVT) NPM-ALK-RNA for CD8 (n = 20) or CD3 (n = 9) T-cell stimulation. NPM-ALK-specific T-cells were detected in twelve of 29 patients (nine of 20 with CD8-selected and three of nine with CD3-selected cells). Recognition of NPM-ALK was restricted by HLA-C alleles in six of eight, and by HLA-B alleles in four of eight analyzed patients. No NPM-ALK-reactivity was detected in 20 healthy individuals. Second, in order to define possible immunogenic NPM-ALK-epitope regions, DCs pulsed with pools of overlapping long NPM-ALK-peptides were used to stimulate T-cells in further 22 patients and ten controls. Responsive T-cells were detected in 15 patients and in five controls. A peptide pool located in the middle of the kinase domain induced ALK-reactive T-cells in 14 of 15 responsive patients. We could narrow to single peptides between p327-p370 of NPM-ALK in four patients. In conclusion, using IVT-RNA, 40% of NPM-ALK-positive ALCL-patients in remission had detectable NPM-ALK-specific T-cell responses which were mainly restricted by HLA-B and -C alleles. Peptide stimulation of T-cells revealed responses in almost 70% of patients and allowed describing an immunogenic region located in the ALK-kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Singh
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Werner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Schwalm
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Volker Lennerz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Serena Stadler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alfred Reiter
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wölfel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Damm-Welk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Woessmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Discovery of 3,6-diaryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines as potent anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:912-916. [PMID: 30777610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 3,6-diaryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine compounds have been discovered as potent anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors. The 4-hydroxyphenyl in the 6-position of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine were crucial and a fluorine atom substitution could give promising inhibitory activity. The IC50 of compound 9v against ALK was up to 1.58 nM and a binding mechanism was proposed.
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Rosas G, Ruiz R, Araujo JM, Pinto JA, Mas L. ALK rearrangements: Biology, detection and opportunities of therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 136:48-55. [PMID: 30878128 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) gene encodes a transmembrane protein rearranged in 2-7% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. This gene has become the second most studied therapeutic target after EGFR due to the implied therapeutic opportunities. While the diagnostic of ALK rearrangements is well established, small molecules targeting ALK are in constant evolution because tumor cells eventually will develop mechanisms of resistance. In this review we describe the biology of the ALK gene, alterations, epidemiology, diagnostic tests as well as strategies of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Rosas
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Av. Angamos Este, 2520, Surquillo, Lima 34, Peru
| | - Rossana Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, Av. Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, Lima 41-Peru; Departamento de Medicina Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Av. Angamos Este, 2520, Surquillo, Lima 34-Peru
| | - Jhajaira M Araujo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, Av. Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, Lima 41-Peru
| | - Joseph A Pinto
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, Av. Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, Lima 41-Peru
| | - Luis Mas
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, Av. Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, Lima 41-Peru; Departamento de Medicina Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Av. Angamos Este, 2520, Surquillo, Lima 34-Peru.
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Larose H, Burke GAA, Lowe EJ, Turner SD. From bench to bedside: the past, present and future of therapy for systemic paediatric ALCL, ALK. Br J Haematol 2019; 185:1043-1054. [PMID: 30681723 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a T cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma that mainly presents in paediatric and young adult patients. The majority of cases express a chimeric fusion protein resulting in hyperactivation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as the consequence of a chromosomal translocation. Rarer cases lack expression of ALK fusion proteins and are categorised as ALCL, ALK-. An adapted regimen of an historic chemotherapy backbone is still used to this day, yielding overall survival (OS) of over 90% but with event-free survival (EFS) at an unacceptable 70%, improving little over the past 30 years. It is clear that continued adaption of current therapies will probably not improve these statistics and, for progress to be made, integration of biology with the design and implementation of future clinical trials is required. Indeed, advances in our understanding of the biology of ALCL are outstripping our ability to clinically translate them; laboratory-based research has highlighted a plethora of potential therapeutic targets but, with high survival rates combined with a scarcity of funding and patients to implement paediatric trials of novel agents, progress is slow. However, advances must be made to reduce the side-effects of intensive chemotherapy regimens whilst maintaining, if not improving, OS and EFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Larose
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,European Research Initiative for ALK-related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Cambridge, UK
| | - G A Amos Burke
- Department of paediatric oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric J Lowe
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of the Kings Daughter, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,European Research Initiative for ALK-related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Cambridge, UK
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47
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Trpkov K, Hes O. New and emerging renal entities: a perspective post-WHO 2016 classification. Histopathology 2018; 74:31-59. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiril Trpkov
- University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Ondřej Hes
- Charles University and University Hospital Pilsen; Pilsen Czech Republic
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Tu J, Song LT, Zhai HL, Wang J, Zhang XY. Selective mechanisms and molecular design of 2,4 Diarylaminopyrimidines as ALK inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1149-1156. [PMID: 30001602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As an attractive therapeutic target for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has got increased attention, and the selectivity of ALK inhibitors is an enormous challenge. Recently, 2,4-Diarylaminopyrimidines with high inhibitory activity over InsR/IGF1R were reported as ALK inhibitors, which harboring phosphine oxide moiety. In this work, it is the first time to reveal that the incorporation of dimethylphosphine oxide moiety and the smaller active pocket of ALK is key factor in the selectivity of inhibitor 11q toward ALK over IGF1R/InsR. The results of molecular simulation indicate that the subtle change in the binding pocket of ALK is mainly associated with the flexibility of P-loop and the own residues K1150 and D1270. The replacement of the dimethylphosphine oxide and methylpiperazine of inhibitor 11q would alter the major inhibitory effects of binding and activation. The results further combined 3D-QSAR can not only profile the binding mechanism between the 2,4-Diarylaminopyrimidines inhibitors and ALK, but also supply the useful information for the rational design of a more potential small molecule inhibitor bound to ALK receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Li Ting Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hong Lin Zhai
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xiao Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Knörr F, Weber S, Singh VK, Pulford K, Reiter A, Woessmann W, Damm-Welk C. Epitope mapping of anti-ALK antibodies in children with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Clin Immunol 2018; 195:77-81. [PMID: 30077013 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Nucleophosmin (NPM)-Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) mount ALK autoantibodies. The titer of these autoantibodies inversely correlates with the risk of relapse. The epitopes recognized by these autoantibodies in NPM-ALK might be associated with different ALK-antibody levels. We used overlapping peptide microarray technology to analyze epitope-binding to NPM-ALK by plasma or serum from 129 ALK-positive ALCL patients and 21 controls. Antibodies present in sera from ALCL patients bound to epitopes mainly in the C-terminal region of the ALK portion of NPM-ALK (amino acid positions 469-496, 561-588, 617-644). Patients with higher ALK antibody titers detected the epitope 561-588 more frequently as well as three further epitopes at the N-terminus of the kinase domain compared to patients with intermediate and low titers. These results identify new potential target epitopes for immunotherapy in ALK-positive ALCL. The methodology can be adapted for more reproducible analyses of tumor antigen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Knörr
- Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Weber
- Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karen Pulford
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alfred Reiter
- Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Woessmann
- Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Damm-Welk
- Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
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A Case of ALK+ Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma With Aberrant Myeloperoxidase Expression and Initial Cutaneous Presentation. Am J Dermatopathol 2018; 40:519-522. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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