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Prisciandaro M, Santinelli E, Tomarchio V, Tafuri MA, Bonchi C, Palazzo G, Nobile C, Marinucci A, Mele M, Annibali O, Rigacci L, Vacca M. Stem Cells Collection and Mobilization in Adult Autologous/Allogeneic Transplantation: Critical Points and Future Challenges. Cells 2024; 13:586. [PMID: 38607025 PMCID: PMC11011310 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) relies on two fundamental pillars: effective mobilization and efficient collection through apheresis to attain the optimal graft dose. These cornerstones pave the way for enhanced patient outcomes. The primary challenges encountered by the clinical unit and collection facility within a transplant program encompass augmenting mobilization efficiency to optimize the harvest of target cell populations, implementing robust monitoring and predictive strategies for mobilization, streamlining the apheresis procedure to minimize collection duration while ensuring adequate yield, prioritizing patient comfort by reducing the overall collection time, guaranteeing the quality and purity of stem cell products to optimize graft function and transplant success, and facilitating seamless coordination between diverse entities involved in the HSCT process. In this review, we aim to address key questions and provide insights into the critical aspects of mobilizing and collecting hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Prisciandaro
- Operative Research Unit of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (G.P.); (C.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Enrico Santinelli
- Operative Research Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (E.S.); (V.T.); (M.A.T.); (M.M.); (O.A.); (L.R.)
- Program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnologies, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Tomarchio
- Operative Research Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (E.S.); (V.T.); (M.A.T.); (M.M.); (O.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Tafuri
- Operative Research Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (E.S.); (V.T.); (M.A.T.); (M.M.); (O.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Cecilia Bonchi
- Operative Research Unit of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (G.P.); (C.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Gloria Palazzo
- Operative Research Unit of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (G.P.); (C.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Carolina Nobile
- Operative Research Unit of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (G.P.); (C.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Marinucci
- Operative Research Unit of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (G.P.); (C.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Marcella Mele
- Operative Research Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (E.S.); (V.T.); (M.A.T.); (M.M.); (O.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Ombretta Annibali
- Operative Research Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (E.S.); (V.T.); (M.A.T.); (M.M.); (O.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Luigi Rigacci
- Operative Research Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (E.S.); (V.T.); (M.A.T.); (M.M.); (O.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Michele Vacca
- Operative Research Unit of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (G.P.); (C.N.); (A.M.)
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2
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Soukup AA, Bresnick EH. Gata2 noncoding genetic variation as a determinant of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell mobilization efficiency. Blood Adv 2023; 7:7564-7575. [PMID: 37871305 PMCID: PMC10761364 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline genetic variants alter the coding and enhancer sequences of GATA2, which encodes a master regulator of hematopoiesis. The conserved murine Gata2 enhancer (+9.5) promotes hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) genesis during embryogenesis. Heterozygosity for a single-nucleotide Ets motif variant in the human enhancer creates a bone marrow failure and acute myeloid leukemia predisposition termed GATA2 deficiency syndrome. The homozygous murine variant attenuates chemotherapy- and transplantation-induced hematopoietic regeneration, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) response to inflammation, and HSPC mobilization with the therapeutic mobilizer granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Because a Gata2 +9.5 variant attenuated G-CSF-induced HSPC expansion and mobilization, and HSC transplantation therapies require efficacious mobilization, we tested whether variation affects mechanistically distinct mobilizers or only those operating through select pathways. In addition to affecting G-CSF activity, Gata2 variation compromised IL-8/CXCR2- and VLA-4/VCAM1-induced mobilization. Although the variation did not disrupt HSPC mobilization mediated by plerixafor, which functions through CXCR4/CXCL12, homozygous and heterozygous variation attenuated mobilization efficacy of the clinically used plerixafor/G-CSF combination. The influence of noncoding variation on HSPC mobilization efficacy and function is important clinically because comprehensive noncoding variation is not commonly analyzed in patients. Furthermore, our mobilization-defective system offers unique utility for elucidating fundamental HSPC mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A. Soukup
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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3
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Dirim AB, Tiryaki TO, Altin S, Besisik SK, Hindilerden IY, Nalcaci M. Baseline inflammation indexes and neutrophil-to-LDH ratio for prediction of the first mobilization failure without plerixafor-based regimens in multiple myeloma and lymphoma patients: A single-center retrospective study. J Clin Apher 2023; 38:711-720. [PMID: 37574922 DOI: 10.1002/jca.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors were identified for mobilization failure (MF) in autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the efficacy of baseline inflammation indexes and neutrophil-to-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio to predict MF in multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphoma. METHODS A total of 240 patients with lymphoma or MM hospitalized between January 2014 and June 2022 for the first stem cell mobilization were included in this retrospective single-center study. We evaluated the impact of baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data (before granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and chemotherapy implementation), including neutrophil, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), neutrophil-to-C-reactive protein, and neutrophil-to-LDH ratios on MF. RESULTS A total of 240 patients were divided into successful (214 patients, 89.16%) and poor mobilizers (26 patients, 10.84%). Poor mobilizers had lower neutrophil, NLR, SII, and neutrophil-to-LDH ratios (P values were .001, .022, .001, and .001, respectively). Among these markers, only the neutrophil-to-LDH ratio was statistically low in both poor mobilizer MM and lymphoma patients. Receiving operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate neutrophil, SII, and neutrophil-to-LDH ratios for MF. Neutrophil-to-LDH ratio had the highest specificity (93.93%, for ≤9.904 cut-off) compared to the other two variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that neutrophil-to-LDH ratio ≤ 9.904 (cut-off) (odds ratio: 7.116, P = .001), neutrophil counts ≤3300/mm3 (cut-off) (odds ratio: 3.248, P = .021), and lymphoma diagnosis (odds ratio: 2.674, P = .039) were independent risks for MF. CONCLUSION The neutrophil-to-LDH ratio could be a novel marker in lymphoma and MM patients to predict the first MF. New studies should be conducted for the optimization of this index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Burak Dirim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tarik Onur Tiryaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Soner Altin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kalayoglu Besisik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ipek Yonal Hindilerden
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meliha Nalcaci
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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So HS, Kim MG, Lee JC, Kook SH. Glucose oxidase induces mobilization of long-term repopulating hematopoietic cells in mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1446-1453. [PMID: 34160898 PMCID: PMC8459634 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) mobilized to peripheral blood, rather than those remaining in the bone marrow (BM), are commonly used as stem cell source in the clinic. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are suggested as mediator of HSPC mobilization, we examined the impacts of glucose oxidase (GO) on peripheral mobilization of BM HSPCs and the associated mechanisms. Intravenous injection of GO induced HSPC mobilization even by single treatment, and the GO‐mobilized cells maintained their long‐term reconstituting and differentiating potentials in conditioned recipients. GO‐injected mice lived a normal life without adverse effects such as stem cell senescence, hematopoietic disorders, and blood parameter alteration. The mobilization effect of GO was even evident in animal models showing poor mobilization, such as old, 5‐fluorouracil‐treated, or alendronate‐treated mice. Importantly, combined injection of GO with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and/or AMD3100 enhanced more greatly HSPC mobilization than did G‐CSF, AMD3100, or both. The GO‐stimulated HSPC mobilization was almost completely attenuated by n‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine treatment. Collectively, our results not only highlight the potential role of GO in HSPC mobilization via ROS signaling, but also provide a GO‐based new strategy to improve HSPC mobilization in poorly mobilizing allogeneic or autologous donors via combination with G‐CSF and/or AMD3100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sol So
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Min-Guk Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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5
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Luo C, Wang L, Wu G, Huang X, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Xie M, Sun Y, Huang Y, Huang Z, Song Q, Li H, Hou Y, Li X, Xu S, Chen J. Comparison of the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization regimens: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:310. [PMID: 34051862 PMCID: PMC8164253 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobilization failure may occur when the conventional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) mobilization agent granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used alone, new regimens were developed to improve mobilization efficacy. Multiple studies have been performed to investigate the efficacy of these regimens via animal models, but the results are inconsistent. We aim to compare the efficacy of different HSC mobilization regimens and identify new promising regimens with a network meta-analysis of preclinical studies. METHODS We searched Medline and Embase databases for the eligible animal studies that compared the efficacy of different HSC mobilization regimens. Primary outcome is the number of total colony-forming cells (CFCs) in per milliliter of peripheral blood (/ml PB), and the secondary outcome is the number of Lin- Sca1+ Kit+ (LSK) cells/ml PB. Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed following the guidelines of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Decision Support Unit (NICE DSU) with WinBUGS version 1.4.3. G-CSF-based regimens were classified into the SD (standard dose, 200-250 μg/kg/day) group and the LD (low dose, 100-150 μg/kg/day) group based on doses, and were classified into the short-term (2-3 days) group and the long-term (4-5 days) group based on administration duration. Long-term SD G-CSF was chosen as the reference treatment. Results are presented as the mean differences (MD) with the associated 95% credibility interval (95% CrI) for each regimen. RESULTS We included 95 eligible studies and reviewed the efficacy of 94 mobilization agents. Then 21 studies using the poor mobilizer mice model (C57BL/6 mice) to investigate the efficacy of different mobilization regimens were included for network meta-analysis. Network meta-analyses indicated that compared with long-term SD G-CSF alone, 14 regimens including long-term SD G-CSF + Me6, long-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100 + EP80031, long-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100 + FG-4497, long-term SD G-CSF + ML141, long-term SD G-CSF + desipramine, AMD3100 + meloxicam, long-term SD G-CSF + reboxetine, AMD3100 + VPC01091, long-term SD G-CSF + FG-4497, Me6, long-term SD G-CSF + EP80031, POL5551, long-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100, AMD1300 + EP80031 and long-term LD G-CSF + meloxicam significantly increased the collections of total CFCs. G-CSF + Me6 ranked first among these regimens in consideration of the number of harvested CFCs/ml PB (MD 2168.0, 95% CrI 2062.0-2272.0). In addition, 7 regimens including long-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100, AMD3100 + EP80031, long-term SD G-CSF + EP80031, short-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100 + IL-33, long-term SD G-CSF + ML141, short-term LD G-CSF + ARL67156, and long-term LD G-CSF + meloxicam significantly increased the collections of LSK cells compared with G-CSF alone. Long-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100 ranked first among these regimens in consideration of the number of harvested LSK cells/ml PB (MD 2577.0, 95% CrI 2422.0-2733.0). CONCLUSIONS Considering the number of CFC and LSK cells in PB as outcomes, G-CSF plus AMD3100, Me6, EP80031, ML141, FG-4497, IL-33, ARL67156, meloxicam, desipramine, and reboxetine are all promising mobilizing regimens for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Luo
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixian Wu
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangtao Huang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanni Ma
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingling Xie
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanni Sun
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yarui Huang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyue Song
- Department of Health Statistics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Shuangnian Xu
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jieping Chen
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
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6
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Bhatlekar S, Manne BK, Basak I, Edelstein LC, Tugolukova E, Stoller ML, Cody MJ, Morley SC, Nagalla S, Weyrich AS, Rowley JW, O'Connell RM, Rondina MT, Campbell RA, Bray PF. miR-125a-5p regulates megakaryocyte proplatelet formation via the actin-bundling protein L-plastin. Blood 2020; 136:1760-1772. [PMID: 32844999 PMCID: PMC7544541 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is heritability to interindividual variation in platelet count, and better understanding of the regulating genetic factors may provide insights for thrombopoiesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression in health and disease, and megakaryocytes (MKs) deficient in miRs have lower platelet counts, but information about the role of miRs in normal human MK and platelet production is limited. Using genome-wide miR profiling, we observed strong correlations among human bone marrow MKs, platelets, and differentiating cord blood-derived MK cultures, and identified MK miR-125a-5p as associated with human platelet number but not leukocyte or hemoglobin levels. Overexpression and knockdown studies showed that miR-125a-5p positively regulated human MK proplatelet (PP) formation in vitro. Inhibition of miR-125a-5p in vivo lowered murine platelet counts. Analyses of MK and platelet transcriptomes identified LCP1 as a miR-125a-5p target. LCP1 encodes the actin-bundling protein, L-plastin, not previously studied in MKs. We show that miR-125a-5p directly targets and reduces expression of MK L-plastin. Overexpression and knockdown studies show that L-plastin promotes MK progenitor migration, but negatively correlates with human platelet count and inhibits MK PP formation (PPF). This work provides the first evidence for the actin-bundling protein, L-plastin, as a regulator of human MK PPF via inhibition of the late-stage MK invagination system, podosome and PPF, and PP branching. We also provide resources of primary and differentiating MK transcriptomes and miRs associated with platelet counts. miR-125a-5p and L-plastin may be relevant targets for increasing in vitro platelet manufacturing and for managing quantitative platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bhatlekar
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bhanu K Manne
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Indranil Basak
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Leonard C Edelstein
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emilia Tugolukova
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Mark J Cody
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sharon C Morley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Srikanth Nagalla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, and
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VAMC GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT; and
- Division of General Internal Medicine and
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of General Internal Medicine and
| | - Paul F Bray
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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7
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Abstract
Enforced egress of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) out of the bone marrow (BM) into the peripheral circulation, termed mobilization, has come a long way since its discovery over four decades ago. Mobilization research continues to be driven by the need to optimize the regimen currently available in the clinic with regard to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, costs, and donor convenience. In this review, we describe the most recent findings in the field and how we anticipate them to affect the development of mobilization strategies in the future. Furthermore, the significance of mobilization beyond HSC collection, i.e. for chemosensitization, conditioning, and gene therapy as well as a means to study the interactions between HSCs and their BM microenvironment, is reviewed. Open questions, controversies, and the potential impact of recent technical progress on mobilization research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Karpova
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Michael P Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
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8
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Szade A, Szade K, Nowak WN, Bukowska-Strakova K, Muchova L, Gońka M, Żukowska M, Cieśla M, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Rams-Baron M, Ratuszna A, Dulak J, Józkowicz A. Cobalt protoporphyrin IX increases endogenous G-CSF and mobilizes HSC and granulocytes to the blood. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e09571. [PMID: 31709729 PMCID: PMC6895613 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is used in clinical practice to mobilize cells from the bone marrow to the blood; however, it is not always effective. We show that cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) increases plasma concentrations of G‐CSF, IL‐6, and MCP‐1 in mice, triggering the mobilization of granulocytes and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Compared with recombinant G‐CSF, CoPP mobilizes higher number of HSPC and mature granulocytes. In contrast to G‐CSF, CoPP does not increase the number of circulating T cells. Transplantation of CoPP‐mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) results in higher chimerism and faster hematopoietic reconstitution than transplantation of PBMC mobilized by G‐CSF. Although CoPP is used to activate Nrf2/HO‐1 axis, the observed effects are Nrf2/HO‐1 independent. Concluding, CoPP increases expression of mobilization‐related cytokines and has superior mobilizing efficiency compared with recombinant G‐CSF. This observation could lead to the development of new strategies for the treatment of neutropenia and HSPC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Witold N Nowak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Bukowska-Strakova
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lucie Muchova
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Gońka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Żukowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Cieśla
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Neli Kachamakova-Trojanowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marzena Rams-Baron
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Chorzow, Poland
| | - Alicja Ratuszna
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Chorzow, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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9
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FL/GCSF/AMD3100-mobilized Hematopoietic Stem Cells Induce Mixed Chimerism With Nonmyeloablative Conditioning and Transplantation Tolerance. Transplantation 2019; 103:1360-1371. [PMID: 30747856 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has become the preferred approach for HSC transplantation. AMD3100, a competitive inhibitor of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4, has been found to be a rapid mobilizing agent. The present study evaluated approaches to optimize the product collected. METHODS Mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mPBMCs) from B6 mice were transplanted to recipient BALB/c mice conditioned with ablative or nonmyeloablative approaches. RESULTS The optimal dose of AMD3100 was found to be 5.0 mg/kg. Optimal HSC mobilization was observed when AMD3100 (day 10) was coadministered with Flt3 ligand (FL) (days 1-10) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) (days 4-10). There was a 228.8-fold increase of HSC with FL/GCSF/AMD3100 compared with AMD3100 treatment alone. When unmodified mPBMCs were transplanted into ablated allogeneic recipients, all recipients expired by day 40 from severe acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). When T cells were depleted from mPBMC, long-term survival and engraftment were achieved in majority of the recipients. When PBMC mobilized by FL/GCSF/AMD3100 were transplanted into recipients conditioned nonmyeloablatively with anti-CD154/rapamycin plus 100, 200, and 300 cGy of total body irradiation, 42.9%, 85.7%, and 100% of mice engrafted, respectively. Donor chimerism was durable, multilineage, and stable. Lymphocytes from mixed chimeras showed no response to host or donor antigens, suggesting functional bidirection T-cell tolerance in vitro. Most importantly, none of the engrafted mice exhibited clinical features of GVHD. CONCLUSIONS FL/GCSF/AMD3100 is an efficient treatment to maximally mobilize HSC. Durable engraftment and donor-specific tolerance can be achieved with mPBMC in nonmyeloablative conditioning without GVHD.
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10
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Bisht K, Brunck ME, Matsumoto T, McGirr C, Nowlan B, Fleming W, Keech T, Magor G, Perkins AC, Davies J, Walkinshaw G, Flippin L, Winkler IG, Levesque JP. HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor FG-4497 enhances mouse hematopoietic stem cell mobilization via VEGFR2/KDR. Blood Adv 2019; 3:406-418. [PMID: 30733301 PMCID: PMC6373754 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018017566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In normoxia, hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are rapidly degraded within the cytoplasm as a consequence of their prolyl hydroxylation by oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes. We have previously shown that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) require HIF-1 for effective mobilization in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100/plerixafor. Conversely, HIF PHD inhibitors that stabilize HIF-1 protein in vivo enhance HSPC mobilization in response to G-CSF or AMD3100 in a cell-intrinsic manner. We now show that extrinsic mechanisms involving vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), via bone marrow (BM) endothelial cells, are also at play. PTK787/vatalanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor selective for VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, and neutralizing anti-VEGFR2 monoclonal antibody DC101 blocked enhancement of HSPC mobilization by FG-4497. VEGFR2 was absent on mesenchymal and hematopoietic cells and was detected only in Sca1+ endothelial cells in the BM. We propose that HIF PHD inhibitor FG-4497 enhances HSPC mobilization by stabilizing HIF-1α in HSPCs as previously demonstrated, as well as by activating VEGFR2 signaling in BM endothelial cells, which facilitates HSPC egress from the BM into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bisht
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Marion E Brunck
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Taichi Matsumoto
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacological Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Crystal McGirr
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Bianca Nowlan
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Whitney Fleming
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Keech
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham Magor
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew C Perkins
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie Davies
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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11
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Hoggatt J, Singh P, Tate TA, Chou BK, Datari SR, Fukuda S, Liu L, Kharchenko PV, Schajnovitz A, Baryawno N, Mercier FE, Boyer J, Gardner J, Morrow DM, Scadden DT, Pelus LM. Rapid Mobilization Reveals a Highly Engraftable Hematopoietic Stem Cell. Cell 2018; 172:191-204.e10. [PMID: 29224778 PMCID: PMC5812290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential curative therapy for malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Improving the efficiency of stem cell collection and the quality of the cells acquired can broaden the donor pool and improve patient outcomes. We developed a rapid stem cell mobilization regimen utilizing a unique CXCR2 agonist, GROβ, and the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. A single injection of both agents resulted in stem cell mobilization peaking within 15 min that was equivalent in magnitude to a standard multi-day regimen of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Mechanistic studies determined that rapid mobilization results from synergistic signaling on neutrophils, resulting in enhanced MMP-9 release, and unexpectedly revealed genetic polymorphisms in MMP-9 that alter activity. This mobilization regimen results in preferential trafficking of stem cells that demonstrate a higher engraftment efficiency than those mobilized by G-CSF. Our studies suggest a potential new strategy for the rapid collection of an improved hematopoietic graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hoggatt
- Harvard Medical School, Cancer Center and Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tiffany A Tate
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bin-Kuan Chou
- Harvard Medical School, Cancer Center and Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shruti R Datari
- Harvard Medical School, Cancer Center and Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Seiji Fukuda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Liqiong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amir Schajnovitz
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francois E Mercier
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joseph Boyer
- Department of Statistical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | - David T Scadden
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Louis M Pelus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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12
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Kemp KC, Cerminara N, Hares K, Redondo J, Cook AJ, Haynes HR, Burton BR, Pook M, Apps R, Scolding NJ, Wilkins A. Cytokine therapy-mediated neuroprotection in a Friedreich's ataxia mouse model. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:212-226. [PMID: 28009062 PMCID: PMC5324580 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Friedreich's ataxia is a devastating neurological disease currently lacking any proven treatment. We studied the neuroprotective effects of the cytokines, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF) in a humanized murine model of Friedreich's ataxia. METHODS Mice received monthly subcutaneous infusions of cytokines while also being assessed at monthly time points using an extensive range of behavioral motor performance tests. After 6 months of treatment, neurophysiological evaluation of both sensory and motor nerve conduction was performed. Subsequently, mice were sacrificed for messenger RNA, protein, and histological analysis of the dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and cerebellum. RESULTS Cytokine administration resulted in significant reversal of biochemical, neuropathological, neurophysiological, and behavioural deficits associated with Friedreich's ataxia. Both G-CSF and SCF had pronounced effects on frataxin levels (the primary molecular defect in the pathogenesis of the disease) and a regulators of frataxin expression. Sustained improvements in motor coordination and locomotor activity were observed, even after onset of neurological symptoms. Treatment also restored the duration of sensory nerve compound potentials. Improvements in peripheral nerve conduction positively correlated with cytokine-induced increases in frataxin expression, providing a link between increases in frataxin and neurophysiological function. Abrogation of disease-related pathology was also evident, with reductions in inflammation/gliosis and increased neural stem cell numbers in areas of tissue injury. INTERPRETATION These experiments show that cytokines already clinically used in other conditions offer the prospect of a novel, rapidly translatable, disease-modifying, and neuroprotective treatment for Friedreich's ataxia. Ann Neurol 2017;81:212-226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Kemp
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Nadia Cerminara
- Sensory and Motor Systems Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Kelly Hares
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Juliana Redondo
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Amelia J. Cook
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Harry R. Haynes
- Brain Tumour Research Group, School of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Bronwen R. Burton
- Infection and Immunity, School of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark Pook
- Synthetic Biology Theme, Institute of Environment, Health & Societies, Biosciences, Dept. of Life Sciences, College of Health & Life SciencesBrunel University LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard Apps
- Sensory and Motor Systems Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Neil J. Scolding
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Alastair Wilkins
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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13
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Karpova D, Bräuninger S, Wiercinska E, Krämer A, Stock B, Graff J, Martin H, Wach A, Escot C, Douglas G, Romagnoli B, Chevalier E, Dembowski K, Hooftman L, Bonig H. Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells with the novel CXCR4 antagonist POL6326 (balixafortide) in healthy volunteers-results of a dose escalation trial. J Transl Med 2017; 15:2. [PMID: 28049490 PMCID: PMC5209880 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain disadvantages of the standard hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilizing agent G-CSF fuel the quest for alternatives. We herein report results of a Phase I dose escalation trial comparing mobilization with a peptidic CXCR4 antagonist POL6326 (balixafortide) vs. G-CSF. METHODS Healthy male volunteer donors with a documented average mobilization response to G-CSF received, following ≥6 weeks wash-out, a 1-2 h infusion of 500-2500 µg/kg of balixafortide. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were assessed. RESULTS Balixafortide was well tolerated and rated favorably over G-CSF by subjects. At all doses tested balixafortide mobilized HSPC. In the dose range between 1500 and 2500 µg/kg mobilization was similar, reaching 38.2 ± 2.8 CD34 + cells/µL (mean ± SEM). Balixafortide caused mixed leukocytosis in the mid-20 K/µL range. B-lymphocytosis was more pronounced, whereas neutrophilia and monocytosis were markedly less accentuated with balixafortide compared to G-CSF. At the 24 h time point, leukocytes had largely normalized. CONCLUSIONS Balixafortide is safe, well tolerated, and induces efficient mobilization of HSPCs in healthy male volunteers. Based on experience with current apheresis technology, the observed mobilization at doses ≥1500 µg/kg of balixafortide is predicted to yield in a single apheresis a standard dose of 4× 10E6 CD34+ cells/kg from most individuals donating for an approximately weight-matched recipient. Exploration of alternative dosing regimens may provide even higher mobilization responses. Trial Registration European Medicines Agency (EudraCT-Nr. 2011-003316-23) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01841476).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Karpova
- German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susanne Bräuninger
- German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eliza Wiercinska
- German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ariane Krämer
- German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Belinda Stock
- German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jochen Graff
- Clinical Trial Center Rhein-Main (KSRM), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans Martin
- Department of Medicine II, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Halvard Bonig
- German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Sandhofstr. 1, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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14
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Barroca V, Lewandowski D, Jaracz-Ros A, Hardouin SN. Paternal Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (Igf2) Regulates Stem Cell Activity During Adulthood. EBioMedicine 2016; 15:150-162. [PMID: 28007480 PMCID: PMC5233811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) belongs to the IGF/Insulin pathway, a highly conserved evolutionarily network that regulates growth, aging and lifespan. Igf2 is highly expressed in the embryo and in cancer cells. During mouse development, Igf2 is expressed in all sites where hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) successively expand, then its expression drops at weaning and becomes undetectable when adult HSC have reached their niches in bones and start to self-renew. In the present study, we aim to discover the role of IGF2 during adulthood. We show that Igf2 is specifically expressed in adult HSC and we analyze HSC from adult mice deficient in Igf2 transcripts. We demonstrate that Igf2 deficiency avoids the age-related attrition of the HSC pool and that Igf2 is necessary for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Our study reveals that the expression level of Igf2 is critical to maintain the balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, presumably by regulating the interaction between HSC and their niche. Our data have major clinical interest for transplantation: understanding the changes in adult stem cells and their environments will improve the efficacy of regenerative medicine and impact health- and life-span. The imprinted gene Igf2 is expressed in adult tissue stem cells. Igf2 deficiency increases HSC (hematopoietic stem cells) self-renewal and avoids age-related attrition of the HSC pool. Igf2 deficiency decreases HSC differentiation and mobilization. Igf2 deficiency modifies the interaction between HSC and their environment.
IGF2 belongs to the IGF/Insulin family that regulates growth, aging and lifespan. This role is evolutionarily conserved from worms to mammals. IGF2 favors cell proliferation during embryonic development but its role in adulthood is unknown. To decipher its function we undertook a lifelong analysis of the consequences of Igf2 deficiency on hematopoiesis, in steady-state conditions and during bone marrow transplantation. We demonstrate that lowering Igf2 levels increases the pool of stem cells, without uncontrolled proliferation and migration of immature cells that would lead to cancer. This is a promising way to enhance the stem cells pool during aging that has major interest for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Barroca
- INSERM UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; CEA/DSV/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France
| | - Daniel Lewandowski
- INSERM UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; CEA/DSV/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France
| | - Agnieszka Jaracz-Ros
- INSERM UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; CEA/DSV/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France
| | - Sylvie-Nathalie Hardouin
- INSERM UMR 967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; CEA/DSV/iRCM, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses cedex, France.
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15
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Phosphoproteomic profiling of mouse primary HSPCs reveals new regulators of HSPC mobilization. Blood 2016; 128:1465-74. [PMID: 27365422 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-711424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a central mechanism of signal transduction that both positively and negatively regulates protein function. Large-scale studies of the dynamic phosphorylation states of cell signaling systems have been applied extensively in cell lines and whole tissues to reveal critical regulatory networks, and candidate-based evaluations of phosphorylation in rare cell populations have also been informative. However, application of comprehensive profiling technologies to adult stem cell and progenitor populations has been challenging, due in large part to the scarcity of such cells in adult tissues. Here, we combine multicolor flow cytometry with highly efficient 3-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to enable quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis from 200 000 highly purified primary mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Using this platform, we identify ARHGAP25 as a novel regulator of HSPC mobilization and demonstrate that ARHGAP25 phosphorylation at serine 363 is an important modulator of its function. Our approach provides a robust platform for large-scale phosphoproteomic analyses performed with limited numbers of rare progenitor cells. Data from our study comprises a new resource for understanding the molecular signaling networks that underlie hematopoietic stem cell mobilization.
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16
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Vasam G, Joshi S, Jarajapu YPR. Impaired Mobilization of Vascular Reparative Bone Marrow Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes but not in Leptin Receptor-Deficient db/db Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26131. [PMID: 27188595 PMCID: PMC4870646 DOI: 10.1038/srep26131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with impaired mobilization of bone marrow stem/progenitor cells that accelerate vascularization of ischemic areas. This study characterized mobilization of vascular reparative bone marrow progenitor cells in mouse models of diabetes. Age-matched control or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic, and db/db mice with lean-controls were studied. Mobilization induced by G-CSF, AMD3100 or ischemia was evaluated by flow cytometric enumeration of circulating Lin(-)Sca-1(+)cKit(+) (LSK) cells, and by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The circulating WBCs and LSKs, and CFUs were reduced in both models with a shorter duration (10-12 weeks) of diabetes compared to their respective controls. Longer duration of STZ-diabetes (≥20 weeks) induced impairment of G-CSF- or AMD3100-mobilization (P < 0.01, n = 8). In db/db mice, mobilization by G-CSF or AMD3100 was either increased or unaffected (P < 0.05, n = 6 to 8). Proliferation, migration, and ischemia-induced mobilization, of LSK cells were impaired in both models. Leptin receptor antagonist, PESLAN-1, increased G-CSF- or AMD3100-mobilization of WBCs and LSKs, compared to the untreated. Leptin increased basal WBCs, decreased basal and AMD3100-mobilized LSK cells, and had no effect on G-CSF. These results suggest that mobilopathy is apparent in STZ-diabetes but not in db/db mice. Leptin receptor antagonism would be a promising approach for reversing diabetic bone marrow mobilopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutham Vasam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Shrinidh Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Yagna P. R. Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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17
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Flommersfeld S, Sohlbach K, Jaques G, Bein G, Hoffmann J, Kostrewa P, Sachs UJ. Collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells on Day 4 is feasible and effective while reducing granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor exposure to healthy donors. Transfusion 2015; 55:1269-74. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Sohlbach
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg Campus; Marburg Germany
| | - Gabriele Jaques
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg Campus; Marburg Germany
| | - Gregor Bein
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | - Jörg Hoffmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg Campus; Marburg Germany
| | - Philippe Kostrewa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology; University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg Campus; Marburg Germany
| | - Ulrich J. Sachs
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
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18
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Hsu JW, Wingard JR, Logan BR, Chitphakdithai P, Akpek G, Anderlini P, Artz AS, Bredeson C, Goldstein S, Hale G, Hematti P, Joshi S, Kamble RT, Lazarus HM, O'Donnell PV, Pulsipher MA, Savani BN, Schears RM, Shaw BE, Confer DL. Race and ethnicity influences collection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells from unrelated donors, a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research analysis. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:165-71. [PMID: 25316111 PMCID: PMC4272878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Little information exists on the effect of race and ethnicity on collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for allogeneic transplantation. We studied 10,776 donors from the National Marrow Donor Program who underwent PBSC collection from 2006 to 2012. Self-reported donor race/ethnic information included Caucasian, Hispanic, Black/African American (AA), Asian/Pacific Islander (API), and Native American (NA). All donors were mobilized with subcutaneous filgrastim at an approximate dose of 10 μg/kg/day for 5 days. Overall, AA donors had the highest median yields of mononuclear cells per liter and CD34(+) cells per liter of blood processed (3.1 × 10(9) and 44 × 10(6), respectively), whereas Caucasians had the lowest median yields at 2.8 × 10(9) and 33.7 × 10(6), respectively. Multivariate analysis of CD34(+) per liter mobilization yields using Caucasians as the comparator and controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and year of apheresis revealed increased yields in overweight and obese AA and API donors. In Hispanic donors, only male obese donors had higher CD34(+) per liter mobilization yields compared with Caucasian donors. No differences in CD34(+) per liter yields were seen between Caucasian and NA donors. Characterization of these differences may allow optimization of mobilization regimens to allow enhancement of mobilization yields without compromising donor safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Hsu
- University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - John R Wingard
- University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brent R Logan
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Pintip Chitphakdithai
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gorgun Akpek
- Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, Arizona
| | - Paolo Anderlini
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Chris Bredeson
- Ottawa Hospital Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gregory Hale
- All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Peiman Hematti
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Rammurti T Kamble
- Baylor College of Medicine Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, Texas
| | - Hillard M Lazarus
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Michael A Pulsipher
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Bipin N Savani
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Bronwen E Shaw
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis L Confer
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota; National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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19
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Blin-Wakkach C, Rouleau M, Wakkach A. Roles of osteoclasts in the control of medullary hematopoietic niches. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:29-37. [PMID: 24998177 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow is the major site of hematopoiesis in mammals. The bone marrow environment plays an essential role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by providing specialized niches in which these cells are maintained. Many cell types participate to the composition and regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches, integrating complex signals from the bone, immune and nervous systems. Among these cells, the bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs) have been described as main regulators of HSC niches. They are not limited to carving space for HSCs, but they also provide signals that affect the molecular and cellular niche components. However, their exact role in HSC niches remains unclear because of the variety of models, signals and conditions used to address the question. The present review will discuss the importance of the implication of OCLs focusing on the formation of HSC niches, the maintenance of HSCs in these niches and the mobilization of HSCs from the bone marrow. It will underline the importance of OCLs in HSC niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France.
| | - Matthieu Rouleau
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Abdelilah Wakkach
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France
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20
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Hoggatt J, Tate TA, Pelus LM. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization in mice. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1185:43-64. [PMID: 25062621 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1133-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be performed with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) acquired directly from bone marrow, from umbilical cord blood or placental tissue, or from the peripheral blood after treatment of the donor with agents that enhance egress of HSPC into the circulation, a process known as "mobilization." Mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) have become the predominate hematopoietic graft for HSCT, particularly for autologous transplants. Despite the success of PBSC transplant, many patients and donors do not achieve optimal levels of mobilization. Thus, accurate animal models and basic laboratory investigations are needed to further investigate the mechanisms that lead to PBSC mobilization and define improved or new mobilizing agents and/or strategies to enhance PBSC mobilization and transplant. This chapter outlines assays and techniques for exploration of hematopoietic mobilization using mice as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hoggatt
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Sherman Fairchild Room 201, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA,
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21
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Karpova D, Dauber K, Spohn G, Chudziak D, Wiercinska E, Schulz M, Pettit AR, Levesque JP, Romagnoli B, Patel K, Chevalier E, Dembowsky K, Bonig H. The novel CXCR4 antagonist POL5551 mobilizes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with greater efficiency than Plerixafor. Leukemia 2013; 27:2322-31. [PMID: 24072044 PMCID: PMC3865534 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mobilized blood has supplanted bone marrow (BM) as the primary source of hematopoietic stem cells for autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Pharmacologically enforced egress of hematopoietic stem cells from BM, or mobilization, has been achieved by directly or indirectly targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Shortcomings of the standard mobilizing agent, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), administered alone or in combination with the only approved CXCR4 antagonist, Plerixafor, continue to fuel the quest for new mobilizing agents. Using Protein Epitope Mimetics technology, a novel peptidic CXCR4 antagonist, POL5551, was developed. In vitro data presented herein indicate high affinity to and specificity for CXCR4. POL5551 exhibited rapid mobilization kinetics and unprecedented efficiency in C57BL/6 mice, exceeding that of Plerixafor and at higher doses also of G-CSF. POL5551-mobilized stem cells demonstrated adequate transplantation properties. In contrast to G-CSF, POL5551 did not induce major morphological changes in the BM of mice. Moreover, we provide evidence of direct POL5551 binding to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vivo, strengthening the hypothesis that CXCR4 antagonists mediate mobilization by direct targeting of HSPCs. In summary, POL5551 is a potent mobilizing agent for HSPCs in mice with promising therapeutic potential if these data can be corroborated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karpova
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Dauber
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Spohn
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Chudziak
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - E Wiercinska
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Schulz
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A R Pettit
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - J P Levesque
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - K Patel
- Polyphor Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - H Bonig
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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22
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Kook S, Cho J, Lee SB, Lee BC. The nucleotide sugar UDP-glucose mobilizes long-term repopulating primitive hematopoietic cells. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3420-35. [PMID: 23863713 DOI: 10.1172/jci64060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) are present in very small numbers in the circulating blood in steady-state conditions. In response to stress or injury, HSPCs are primed to migrate out of their niche to peripheral blood. Mobilized HSPCs are now commonly used as stem cell sources due to faster engraftment and reduced risk of posttransplant infection. In this study, we demonstrated that a nucleotide sugar, UDP-glucose, which is released into extracellular fluids in response to stress, mediates HSPC mobilization. UDP-glucose-mobilized cells possessed the capacity to achieve long-term repopulation in lethally irradiated animals and the ability to differentiate into multi-lineage blood cells. Compared with G-CSF-mobilized cells, UDP-glucose-mobilized cells preferentially supported long-term repopulation and exhibited lymphoid-biased differentiation, suggesting that UDP-glucose triggers the mobilization of functionally distinct subsets of HSPCs. Furthermore, co-administration of UDP-glucose and G-CSF led to greater HSPC mobilization than G-CSF alone. Administration of the antioxidant agent NAC significantly reduced UDP-glucose-induced mobilization, coinciding with a reduction in RANKL and osteoclastogenesis. These findings provide direct evidence demonstrating a potential role for UDP-glucose in HSPC mobilization and may provide an attractive strategy to improve the yield of stem cells in poor-mobilizing allogeneic or autologous donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Kook
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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23
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Pig peripheral blood mononuclear leucocyte subsets are heritable and genetically correlated with performance. Animal 2012; 2:1575-84. [PMID: 22444008 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731108002929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Indicator traits used to select pigs for increased resistance to infection or improved health must be heritable and, preferably, be associated with improved performance. We estimated the heritability of a range of immune traits and their genetic and phenotypic correlations with growth performance. We measured immune traits on 589 pigs and performance on 1941 pigs from six farms, three of which were classified as 'high health status' (i.e. specific pathogen-free) and three were of lower health status. All pigs were apparently healthy. Immune traits were total white blood cells (WBC), and peripheral blood mononuclear leucocyte (PBML) subsets positive for CD4, CD8α, gamma delta (γδ) T cell receptor, CD11R1 (natural killer cell marker), B cell and monocyte markers at the start and the end of standard growth performance tests. At both time points, all immune traits were moderately to highly heritable except for CD8α+ cells. At end of test, heritability estimates (h2) (±s.e.) were 0.18 (±0.11) for total WBC count. For PBML subset proportions, the heritabilities were 0.52 (±0.14) for γδ TCR+ cells, 0.62 (±0.14) for CD4+ cells, 0.44 (±0.14) for CD11R1+ cells, 0.58 (±0.14) for B cells and 0.59 (±0.14) for monocytes. Farm health status affected the heritabilities for WBC, being substantially higher on lower health status farms, but did not have consistent effects on heritabilities for the PBML subsets. There were significant negative genetic correlations between numbers and proportions of various PBML subsets and performance, at both start and end of test. In particular, the proportion of PBML cells that were CD11R1+ cells, at end of test, was strongly correlated with daily gain (rg = -0.72; P < 0.01). There were also weaker but significant negative phenotypic correlations between PBML subsets measured at end of test and performance, for γδ+ T cells, CD8α+, CD11R1+ cells, B cells or monocytes. Phenotypic correlations with daily gain were generally lower at the start of test than at the end of test. These results show that most of the major pig PBML subsets are heritable, and that systemic levels of several of these PBML subsets are genetically negatively correlated with performance. This approach provides a basis for using immune trait markers when selecting boars that can produce higher-performing progeny.
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24
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Crocchiolo R, Chabannon C, El-Cheikh J, Esterni B, Lemarié C, Fürst S, Castagna L, Bouabdallah R, Ladaique P, Coso D, Schiano JM, Stoppa AM, Rey J, Ivanov V, Aurran T, Faucher C, Blaise D, Calmels B. Poor autologous mobilization status does not impact on hematological recovery but affects outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplant for lymphoma and myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:417-20. [PMID: 22702654 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.702901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Abstract
This review evaluates the latest information on the mobilisation of haemopoietic stem cells for transplantation, with the focus on what is the current best practice and how new understanding of the bone marrow stem cell niche provides new insights into optimising mobilisation regimens. The review then looks at the mobilisation of mesenchymal stromal cells, immune cells as well as malignant cells and what clinical implications there are.
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Progenitor cell mobilization and recruitment: SDF-1, CXCR4, α4-integrin, and c-kit. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 111:243-64. [PMID: 22917234 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398459-3.00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progenitor cell retention and release are largely governed by the binding of stromal-cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) to CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and by α4-integrin signaling. Both of these pathways are dependent on c-kit activity: the mobilization of progenitor cells in response to either CXCR4 antagonism or α4-integrin blockade is impaired by the loss of c-kit kinase activity; and c-kit-kinase inactivation blocks the retention of CXCR4-positive progenitor cells in the bone marrow. SDF-1/CXCR4 and α4-integrin signaling are also crucial for the retention of progenitor cells in the ischemic region, which may explain, at least in part, why clinical trials of progenitor cell therapy have failed to display the efficacy observed in preclinical investigations. The lack of effectiveness is often attributed to poor retention of the transplanted cells and, to date, most of the trial protocols have mobilized cells with injections of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which activates extracellular proteases that irreversibly cleave cell-surface adhesion molecules, including α4-integrin and CXCR4. Thus, the retention of G-CSF-mobilized cells in the ischemic region may be impaired, and the mobilization of agents that reversibly disrupt SDF-1/CXCR4 binding, such as AMD3100, may improve patient response. Efforts to supplement SDF-1 levels in the ischemic region may also improve progenitor cell recruitment and the effectiveness of stem cell therapy.
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Marquez-Curtis LA, Turner AR, Sridharan S, Ratajczak MZ, Janowska-Wieczorek A. The ins and outs of hematopoietic stem cells: studies to improve transplantation outcomes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:590-607. [PMID: 21140298 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization and homing is important for the development of strategies to enhance the efficacy of HSPC transplantation and achieve the full potential of HSPC-based cellular therapy. Investigation of these mechanisms has revealed interdependence among the various molecules, pathways and cellular components involved, and underscored the complex nature of these two processes. This review summarizes recent progress in identifying the specific factors implicated in HSPC mobilization and homing, with emphasis on our own work. Particularly, we will discuss our studies on stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its interaction with its receptor CXCR4, proteases (matrix metalloproteinases and carboxypeptidase M), complement proteins (C1q, C3a, C5a, membrane attack complex), sphingosine-1-phosphate, and pharmacologic agents such as the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid and hyaluronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Marquez-Curtis
- Research & Development, Canadian Blood Services, CBS Edmonton Centre, 8249-114 St. NW, Edmonton, T6G 2R8, Alberta, Canada
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28
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Abstract
Abstract
Transplantation with 2-5 × 106 mobilized CD34+cells/kg body weight lowers transplantation costs and mortality. Mobilization is most commonly performed with recombinant human G-CSF with or without chemotherapy, but a proportion of patients/donors fail to mobilize sufficient cells. BM disease, prior treatment, and age are factors influencing mobilization, but genetics also contributes. Mobilization may fail because of the changes affecting the HSC/progenitor cell/BM niche integrity and chemotaxis. Poor mobilization affects patient outcome and increases resource use. Until recently increasing G-CSF dose and adding SCF have been used in poor mobilizers with limited success. However, plerixafor through its rapid direct blockage of the CXCR4/CXCL12 chemotaxis pathway and synergy with G-CSF and chemotherapy has become a new and important agent for mobilization. Its efficacy in upfront and failed mobilizers is well established. To maximize HSC harvest in poor mobilizers the clinician needs to optimize current mobilization protocols and to integrate novel agents such as plerixafor. These include when to mobilize in relation to chemotherapy, how to schedule and perform apheresis, how to identify poor mobilizers, and what are the criteria for preemptive and immediate salvage use of plerixafor.
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29
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Shivtiel S, Lapid K, Kalchenko V, Avigdor A, Goichberg P, Kalinkovich A, Nagler A, Kollet O, Lapidot T. CD45 regulates homing and engraftment of immature normal and leukemic human cells in transplanted immunodeficient mice. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:1161-1170.e1. [PMID: 21911094 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow homing and engraftment by clinically transplanted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is a complex process that is not fully understood. We report that the pan-leukocyte CD45 phosphatase plays an essential role in trafficking and repopulation of the bone marrow by immature human CD34(+) cells and leukemic cells in transplanted nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient mice. Inhibiting CD45 function by blocking antibodies or a CD45 inhibitor impaired the motility of both normal and leukemic human cells. Blocking CD45 inhibited homing and repopulation by immature human CD34(+) cells as well as homing of primary patient leukemic cells. In addition, CD45 inhibition negatively affected development of hematopoietic progenitors in vitro and their recovery in transplanted recipients in vivo, revealing the central role of CD45 in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Moreover, CD45 blockage induced a hyperadhesive phenotype in immature human progenitor cells as well as in murine leukocytes, leading to their defective adhesion interactions with endothelial cells. This phenotype was further manifested by the ability of CD45 blockage to prevent breakdown of adhesion interactions in the BM, which inhibited murine progenitor mobilization. The substantial effects of a direct CD45 inhibition point at its essential roles in cell trafficking, including murine progenitor cell mobilization and both normal immature and leukemic human hematopoietic cells as well as regulation of hematopoiesis and engraftment potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoham Shivtiel
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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30
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Abstract
Liver regeneration is known to be a process involving highly organized and ordered tissue growth triggered by the loss of liver tissue, and remains a fascinating topic. A large number of genes are involved in this process, and there exists a sequence of stages that results in liver regeneration, while at the same time inhibitors control the size of the regenerated liver. The initiation step is characterized by priming of quiescent hepatocytes by factors such as TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide. The proliferation step is the step during which hepatocytes enter into the cell cycle's G1 phase and are stimulated by complete mitogens including HGF, TGF-α and EGF. Hepatic stimulator substance, glucagon, insulin, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 have also been implicated in regulating the regeneration process. Inhibitors and stop signals of hepatic regeneration are not well known and only limited information is available. Furthermore, the effects of other factors such as VEGF, PDGF, hypothyroidism, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, heat shock proteins, ischemic-reperfusion injury, steatosis and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on liver regeneration are also systematically reviewed in this article. A tissue engineering approach using isolated hepatocytes for in vitro tissue generation and heterotopic transplantation of liver cells has been established. The use of stem cells might also be very attractive to overcome the limitation of donor liver tissue. Liver-specific differentiation of embryonic, fetal or adult stem cells is currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changku Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
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Pan H, Shively JE. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 regulates granulopoiesis by inhibition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor. Immunity 2010; 33:620-31. [PMID: 21029969 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) is an activation marker for neutrophils and delays neutrophil apoptosis, the role of CEACAM1 in granulopoiesis and neutrophil-dependent host immune responses has not been investigated. CEACAM1 expression correlated with granulocytic differentiation, and Ceacam1(-/-) mice developed neutrophilia because of loss of the Src-homology-phosphatase-1 (SHP-1)-dependent inhibition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat3) pathway provided by CEACAM1. Moreover, Ceacam1(-/-) mice were hypersensitive to Listeria Monocytogenes (LM) infection with an accelerated mortality. Reintroduction of CEACAM1 into Ceacam1(-/-) bone marrow restored normal granulopoiesis and host sensitivity to LM infection, while mutation of its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) abrogated this restoration. shRNA-mediated reduction of Stat3 amounts rescued normal granulopoiesis, attenuating host sensitivity to LM infection in Ceacam1(-/-) mice. Thus, CEACAM1 acted as a coinhibitory receptor for G-CSFR regulating granulopoiesis and host innate immune response to bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Pan
- City of Hope Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1450 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Abstract
Under normal conditions, the great majority of hematopoietic stem/progenitors cells (HSPCs) reside in the bone marrow. The number of HSPCs in the circulation can be markedly increased in response to a number of stimuli, including hematopoietic growth factors, myeloablative agents and environmental stresses such as infection. The ability to 'mobilize' HSPCs from the bone marrow to the blood has been exploited clinically to obtain HSPCs for stem cell transplantation and, more recently, to stimulate therapeutic angiogenesis at sites of tissue ischemia. Moreover, there is recent interest in the use of mobilizing agents to sensitize leukemia and other hematopoietic malignancies to cytotoxic agents. Key to optimizing clinical mobilizing regimens is an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of HSPC mobilization. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), the prototypical mobilizing agent, induces HSPC mobilization.
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Delgaudine M, Gothot A, Beguin Y. Spontaneous and granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor-enhanced marrow response and progenitor cell mobilization in mice after myocardial infarction. Cytotherapy 2010; 12:909-18. [DOI: 10.3109/14653240903580262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Pharmacological inhibition of EGFR signaling enhances G-CSF-induced hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Nat Med 2010; 16:1141-6. [PMID: 20871610 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from bone marrow into peripheral blood by the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has become the preferred source of HSPCs for stem cell transplants. However, G-CSF fails to mobilize sufficient numbers of stem cells in up to 10% of donors, precluding autologous transplantation in those donors or substantially delaying transplant recovery time. Consequently, new regimens are needed to increase the number of stem cells in peripheral blood upon mobilization. Using a forward genetic approach in mice, we mapped the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) to a genetic region modifying G-CSF-mediated HSPC mobilization. Amounts of EGFR in HSPCs inversely correlated with the cells' ability to be mobilized by G-CSF, implying a negative role for EGFR signaling in mobilization. In combination with G-CSF treatment, genetic reduction of EGFR activity in HSPCs (in waved-2 mutant mice) or treatment with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib increased mobilization. Increased mobilization due to suppression of EGFR activity correlated with reduced activity of cell division control protein-42 (Cdc42), and genetic Cdc42 deficiency in vivo also enhanced G-CSF-induced mobilization. Our findings reveal a previously unknown signaling pathway regulating stem cell mobilization and provide a new pharmacological approach for improving HSPC mobilization and thereby transplantation outcomes.
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35
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Cheng M, Zhou J, Wu M, Boriboun C, Thorne T, Liu T, Xiang Z, Zeng Q, Tanaka T, Tang YL, Kishore R, Tomasson MH, Miller RJ, Losordo DW, Qin G. CXCR4-mediated bone marrow progenitor cell maintenance and mobilization are modulated by c-kit activity. Circ Res 2010; 107:1083-93. [PMID: 20847314 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.220970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The mobilization of bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells (PCs) is largely governed by interactions between stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)4. Ischemic injury disrupts the SDF-1-CXCR4 interaction and releases BM PCs into the peripheral circulation, where the mobilized cells are recruited to the injured tissue and contribute to vessel growth. BM PCs can also be mobilized by the pharmacological CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, but the other components of the SDF-1-CXCR4 signaling pathway are largely unknown. c-kit, a membrane-bound tyrosine kinase and the receptor for stem cell factor, has also been shown to play a critical role in BM PC mobilization and ischemic tissue repair. OBJECTIVE To investigate the functional interaction between SDF-1-CXCR4 signaling and c-kit activity in BM PC mobilization. METHODS AND RESULTS AMD3100 administration failed to mobilize BM PCs in mice defective in c-kit kinase activity or in mice transplanted with BM cells that expressed a constitutively active c-kit mutant. Furthermore, BM levels of phosphorylated (phospho)-c-kit declined after AMD3100 administration and after CXCR4 deletion. In cells adhering to culture plates coated with vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, SDF-1 and stem cell factor increased phospho-c-kit levels, and AMD3100 treatment suppressed SDF-1-induced, but not SCF-induced, c-kit phosphorylation. SDF-1-induced c-kit phosphorylation also required the activation of Src nonreceptor tyrosine kinase: pretreatment of cells with a selective Src inhibitor blocked both c-kit phosphorylation and the interaction between c-kit and phospho-Src. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the regulation of BM PC trafficking by SDF-1 and CXCR4 is dependent on Src-mediated c-kit phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheng
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Hofer M, Pospísil M, Dusek L, Holá J, Hoferová Z, Weiterová L. Basal and induced granulopoiesis in outbred, F1 hybrid and inbred mice: can inbreeding depression influence the experimental practice? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:928-31. [PMID: 20660092 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we examined differences in selected indices of granulopoiesis in outbred, F(1) hybrid and inbred mouse strains. Specifically, serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels, numbers of marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells and morphologically recognizable proliferative marrow granulocytic precursor cells were evaluated. These parameters were determined in untreated controls, and in mice exposed either to a non-specific stimulus (injection of saline) or to a granulopoiesis-enhancing stimulus (administration of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, meloxicam). Lower levels of G-CSF were detectable in the outbred ICR mice, which also demonstrated an enhanced response to both types of the stimuli. Considering the fact that outbred mice are closer to natural mammalian populations, including human ones, the possibility of using outbred mice, instead of the often used inbred strains, for experiments evaluating the effects of pharmacological interventions on hematopoiesis should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hofer
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
The recent shift to the use of stem cells mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for hematopoietic transplantation has increased chronic graftversus-host disease (GVHD), although the mechanisms of this are unclear. We have found that G-CSF invokes potent type 17 rather than type 1 or type 2 differentiation. The amplification of interleukin-17 (IL-17) production by G-CSF occurs in both CD4 and CD8 conventional T cells and is dependent on, and downstream of, G-CSF-induced IL-21 signaling. Importantly, donor IL-17A controls the infiltration of macrophages into skin and cutaneous fibrosis, manifesting late after transplantation as scleroderma. Interestingly, donor CD8 T cells were the predominant source of IL-17A after transplantation and could mediate scleroderma independently of CD4 T cells. This study provides a logical explanation for the propensity of allogeneic stem cell transplantation to invoke sclerodermatous GVHD and suggests a therapeutic strategy for intervention.
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Herbert KE, Prince HM, Ritchie DS, Seymour JF. The role of ancestim (recombinant human stem-cell factor, rhSCF) in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and hematopoietic reconstitution. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 10:113-25. [DOI: 10.1517/14712590903473123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Rettig MP, Ramirez P, Nervi B, DiPersio JF. Chapter 2 CXCR4 and Mobilization of Hematopoietic Precursors. Methods Enzymol 2009; 460:57-90. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(09)05203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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Herbert KE, Lévesque JP, Haylock DN, Prince HM. The use of experimental murine models to assess novel agents of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14:603-21. [PMID: 18489986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The recent explosion in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization has facilitated development of novel therapeutic agents, targeted at improving mobilization kinetics as well as HSPC yield. With the development of new agents comes the challenge of choosing efficient and relevant preclinical studies for the testing of the HSPC mobilization efficacy of these agents. This article reviews the use of the mouse as a convenient small animal model of HSPC mobilization and transplantation, and outlines the range of murine assays that can be applied to assess novel HSPC mobilizing agents. Techniques to demonstrate murine HSPC mobilization are discussed, as well as the role of murine assays to confirm human HSPC mobilization, and techniques to investigate the biologic phenotype of HSPC mobilized by these novel agents. Technical aspects regarding mobilization regimens and control arms, and choice of experimental animals are also discussed.
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41
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Gerrits A, Dykstra B, Otten M, Bystrykh L, de Haan G. Combining transcriptional profiling and genetic linkage analysis to uncover gene networks operating in hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny. Immunogenetics 2008; 60:411-22. [PMID: 18560825 PMCID: PMC2493868 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are unique in that they possess both the capacity to self-renew and thereby maintain their original pool as well as the capacity to differentiate into mature cells. In the past number of years, transcriptional profiling of enriched stem cell populations has been extensively performed in an attempt to identify a universal stem cell gene expression signature. While stem-cell-specific transcripts were identified in each case, this approach has thus far been insufficient to identify a universal group of core “stemness” genes ultimately responsible for self-renewal and multipotency. Similarly, in the hematopoietic system, comparisons of transcriptional profiles between different hematopoietic cell stages have had limited success in revealing core genes ultimately responsible for the initiation of differentiation and lineage specification. Here, we propose that the combined use of transcriptional profiling and genetic linkage analysis, an approach called “genetical genomics”, can be a valuable tool to assist in the identification of genes and gene networks that specify “stemness” and cell fate decisions. We review past studies of hematopoietic cells that utilized transcriptional profiling and/or genetic linkage analysis, and discuss several potential future applications of genetical genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gerrits
- Department of Cell Biology, Section Stem Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cramer DE, Wagner S, Li B, Liu J, Hansen R, Reca R, Wu W, Surma EZ, Laber DA, Ratajczak MZ, Yan J. Mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells by yeast-derived beta-glucan requires activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Stem Cells 2008; 26:1231-40. [PMID: 18339771 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly-(1,6)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-beta-d-glucopyranose (PGG) beta-glucan is a soluble yeast-derived polysaccharide that has previously been shown to induce hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) mobilization. However, the mobilizing mechanism of action remains unknown. Here, we confirmed that PGG beta-glucan alone or in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes HPC into the periphery. Optimal mobilizing effects were seen 24-48 hours after PGG beta-glucan doses of 4.8-9.6 mg/kg. Animals treated with G-CSF and PGG beta-glucan showed a collaborative effect in HPC mobilization compared with G-CSF treatment alone. Additional studies demonstrated that neither complement 3 nor complement receptor 3 played a role in this effect and that PGG beta-glucan treatment did not induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion. However, bone marrow cells from PGG beta-glucan-treated mice secreted abundant matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and PGG beta-glucan-induced HPC mobilization was abrogated in MMP-9 knockout mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells contributed to MMP-9 secretion upon PGG beta-glucan treatment. In addition, HPCs mobilized by PGG beta-glucan had similar levels of engraftment in host and lineage differentiation capability compared with those mobilized by G-CSF. Thus, PGG beta-glucan is an agent that enhances HPC mobilization and may improve the outcome of clinical stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Cramer
- Tumor Immunobiology Program, Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Jawad M, Giotopoulos G, Cole C, Plumb M. Target cell frequency is a genetically determined risk factor in radiation leukaemogenesis. Br J Radiol 2007; 80 Spec No 1:S56-62. [PMID: 17704327 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/99530445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole body exposure to ionizing radiation increases the risk of radiation-induced acute myeloid leukaemia (r-AML). r-AML is the result of the accumulation of mutations in a single haemopoietic stem cell, so risk is therefore a function of the number of mutations required to transform the stem cell and the mutation rate. There is a genetic component to the risk of AML within the general population, and low penetrance variant alleles encoding DNA repair enzymes have been genetically implicated in therapy-related AML susceptibility. However, what is largely ignored is that target cell number, which defines the number of genomes at risk from DNA damaging agents, is also part of the equation that defines risk. We will review the evidence from genetic studies of inbred mouse models that target cell frequency is a risk factor in radiation leukaemogenesis. Inbred mouse strains that differ in their susceptibility to radiation-induced r-AML and thymic lymphoma (r-TL), spontaneous TL and pristane-induced plasmacytoma (PCT) have been exploited to identify susceptibility loci. The target cell in AML is the haemopoietic stem cell, whereas TLs and PCT arise from more mature lymphoid progenitor cells. Inbred mice also differ significantly in all aspects of haemopoiesis, and these differences have been used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that determine the frequency of specific haemopoietic stem, progenitor or mature blood cells. The co-localization of QTL that determine risk and target cell frequency in all three haemopoietic malignancies is strong evidence that target cell frequency is a risk factor in radiation leukaemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jawad
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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44
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Reca R, Cramer D, Yan J, Laughlin MJ, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Ratajczak J, Ratajczak MZ. A novel role of complement in mobilization: immunodeficient mice are poor granulocyte-colony stimulating factor mobilizers because they lack complement-activating immunoglobulins. Stem Cells 2007; 25:3093-100. [PMID: 17717064 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complement (C) and innate immunity emerge as important and underappreciated modulators of mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC). We reported that (a) C becomes activated in bone marrow (BM) during granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced mobilization by the classic immunoglobulin (Ig)-dependent pathway and that (b) C3 cleavage fragments increase the responsiveness of HSPC to a stromal derived factor-1 gradient. Since patients suffering from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mobilize poorly, we hypothesized that this could be directly linked to the lack of C activating Ig in these patients. In the current study to better elucidate the role of C activation in HSPC mobilization, we mobilized mice that lack Ig (RAG2, SCID, and Jh) by G-CSF or zymosan, compounds that activate C by the classic Ig-dependent and the alternative Ig-independent pathways, respectively. In addition, we evaluated mobilization in C5-deficient animals. Mobilization was evaluated by measuring the number of colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage and leukocytes circulating in peripheral blood. We found that (a) G-CSF- but not zymosan-induced mobilization was severely reduced in RAG2, SCID, and Jh mice; (b) impaired G-CSF-induced mobilization was restored after infusion of purified wild-type Ig; and (c) mobilization was severely reduced in C5-deficient mice. These data provide strong evidence that the C system plays a pivotal role in mobilization of HSPC and that egress of HSPC from BM occurs as part of an immune response. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Reca
- Stem Cell Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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45
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Boyle K, Egan P, Rakar S, Willson TA, Wicks IP, Metcalf D, Hilton DJ, Nicola NA, Alexander WS, Roberts AW, Robb L. The SOCS box of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 contributes to the control of G-CSF responsiveness in vivo. Blood 2007; 110:1466-74. [PMID: 17510322 PMCID: PMC1975836 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-079178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) signaling in vivo. SOCS proteins regulate cytokine signaling by binding, via their SH2 domains, to activated cytokine receptors or their associated Janus kinases. In addition, they bind to the elongin B/C ubiquitin ligase complex via the SOCS box. To ascertain the contribution of the SOCS box of SOCS3 to in vivo regulation of G-CSF signaling, we generated mice expressing a truncated SOCS3 protein lacking the C-terminal SOCS box (SOCS3(Delta SB/Delta SB)). SOCS3(Delta SB/Delta SB) mice were viable, had normal steady-state hematopoiesis, and did not develop inflammatory disease. Despite the mild phenotype, STAT3 activation in response to G-CSF signaling was prolonged in SOCS3(Delta SB/Delta SB) bone marrow. SOCS3(Delta SB/Delta SB) bone marrow contained increased numbers of colony-forming cells responsive to G-CSF and IL-6. Treatment of the mice with pharmacologic doses of G-CSF, which mimics emergency granulopoiesis and therapeutic use of G-CSF, revealed that SOCS3(Delta SB/Delta SB) mice were hyperresponsive to G-CSF. Compared with wild-type mice, SOCS3(Delta SB/Delta SB) mice developed a more florid arthritis when tested using an acute disease model. Overall, the results establish a role for the SOCS box of SOCS3 in the in vivo regulation of G-CSF signaling and the response to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Boyle
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
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46
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Hess DA, Bonde J, Craft TP, Craft TC, Wirthlin L, Hohm S, Lahey R, Todt LM, Dipersio JF, Devine SM, Nolta JA. Human progenitor cells rapidly mobilized by AMD3100 repopulate NOD/SCID mice with increased frequency in comparison to cells from the same donor mobilized by granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007; 13:398-411. [PMID: 17382247 PMCID: PMC1868544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AMD3100 inhibits the interaction between SDF-1 and CXCR4, and rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic progenitors for clinical transplantation. However, the repopulating function of human cells mobilized with AMD3100 has not been characterized in comparison to cells mobilized with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the same donor. Therefore, healthy donors were leukapheresed 4 hours after injection with AMD3100; after 10 days of drug clearance the same donor was mobilized with G-CSF, allowing a paired comparison of repopulation by mobilized cells. Transplantation of mononuclear cells (MNC) or purified CD34(+) cells was compared at limiting dilution into NOD/SCID mice. Human AMD3100-mobilized MNC possessed enhanced repopulating frequency in comparison to G-CSF-mobilized MNC from paired donors, and purified CD34(+) progenitors were at least as efficient as the G-CSF mobilized cells. The frequencies of NOD/SCID repopulating cells (SRC) were 1 SRC in 8.7 x 10(6) AMD3100-mobilized MNC compared to 1 SRC in 29.0 x 10(6) G-CSF-mobilized MNC, and 1 SRC in 1.2 x 10(5) AMD3100-mobilized CD34(+) cells compared to 1 SRC in 1.8 x 10(5) G-CSF-mobilized CD34(+) cells. Hematopoietic differentiation of transplanted progenitors was similar after AMD3100 or G-CSF-mobilization. Thus, AMD3100 mobilized peripheral blood represents a rapidly obtained, highly repopulating source of hematopoietic progenitors for clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hess
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Hematopoietic Development and Malignancy Group, Washington University School of Medicine, 4940 Parkview Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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47
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Herbert KE, Walkley CR, Winkler IG, Hendy J, Olsen GH, Yuan YD, Chandraratna RAS, Prince HM, Lévesque JP, Purton LE. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and an RARalpha specific agonist, VTP195183, synergize to enhance the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Transplantation 2007; 83:375-84. [PMID: 17318068 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000251376.75347.b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure to mobilize adequate numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) is an important clinical problem. Since bone marrow (BM) neutrophils play a central role in HSPC mobilization, we hypothesized that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mediated mobilization would be enhanced by further expanding the size of the BM granulocyte pool. METHODS We tested the potential of the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) specific agonist VTP195183, and the pan-RAR agonist all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), to enhance G-CSF-mediated mobilization of HSPC, in two mouse strains. RESULTS Pretreatment of mice with VTP195183 significantly increased the number of leukocytes, colony-forming cells, and early engrafting hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) mobilized in the blood in response to G-CSF. In contrast, ATRA had only a marginal effect on G-CSF-induced mobilization. HSPC mobilization synergy between VTP195183 and G-CSF occurred only when mice were preconditioned with VTP195183 prior to G-CSF. This preconditioning was shown to increase the numbers of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors in the BM. Treatment with VTP195183 and G-CSF was accompanied by enhanced levels of active neutrophil proteases in the BM extracellular fluid compared to G-CSF treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS VTP195183 treatment increases the numbers of immature granulocyte progenitors in BM and subsequently synergizes to enhance G-CSF-mediated mobilization of HSPC. These data demonstrate a novel approach to improve G-CSF-induced mobilization by accelerating granulocyte maturation in the BM. These findings are currently being tested in a clinical trial of VTP195183 plus G-CSF for mobilization of HSPC in human patients.
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48
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Inderbitzin D, Beldi G, Sidler D, Studer P, Keogh A, Bisch-Knaden S, Weimann R, Kappeler A, Gloor B, Candinas D. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor supports liver regeneration in a small-for-size liver remnant mouse model. J Gastrointest Surg 2007; 11:280-5. [PMID: 17458598 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-007-0096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Experimental partial hepatectomy of more than 80% of the liver weight bears an increased mortality in rodents, due to impaired hepatic regeneration in small-for-size liver remnants. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes progenitor cell expansion and mobilization and also has immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of systemically administered G-CSF on liver regeneration and animal survival in a small-for-size liver remnant mouse model. Mice were preconditioned daily for 5 days with subcutaneous injections of 5 microg G-CSF or aqua ad injectabile. Subsequently, 83% partial hepatectomy was performed by resecting the median, the left, the caudate, and the right inferior hepatic lobes in all animals. Daily sham or G-CSF injection was continued. Survival was significantly better in G-CSF-treated animals (P < 0.0001). At 36 and 48 h after microsurgical hepatic resection, markers of hepatic proliferation (Ki67, BrdU) were elevated in G-CSF-treated mice compared to sham injected control animals (P < 0.0001) and dry liver weight was increased (P < 0.05). G-CSF conditioning might prove to be useful in patients with small-for-size liver remnants after extended hepatic resections due to primary or secondary liver tumors or in the setting of split liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Inderbitzin
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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49
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Kubonishi S, Kikuchi T, Yamaguchi S, Tamamura H, Fujii N, Watanabe T, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Ikeda K, Matsui T, Tanimoto M, Katayama Y. Rapid hematopoietic progenitor mobilization by sulfated colominic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 355:970-5. [PMID: 17335773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) can be mobilized from bone marrow (BM) to the blood by G-CSF. In this process, CXCR4 and CD26 play critical roles. Sulfated colominic acid (SCA) inhibits HIV entry, the step which requires CXCR4 and CD26 as co-receptors. Thus, we hypothesized that SCA would modulate HPC trafficking. We first found that SCA mobilized HPCs rapidly via CD26-independent mechanism. In vitro progenitor migration toward chemokine SDF-1 was significantly enhanced by SCA, and it was completely abrogated by CXCR4 inhibition. This likely originated from the inhibition of CXCR4 down-regulation after interaction with SDF-1. Serum SDF-1 level increased after SCA injection, whereas no change was observed in BM and bone. These results suggest that SCA induces HPC mobilization by modulating CXCR4 function resulting in attraction toward increased SDF-1 in the circulation. Furthermore, we confirmed an additive effect with G-CSF in mobilization. SCA may provide an efficacy in clinical mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kubonishi
- Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Yeoh JSG, Ausema A, Wierenga P, de Haan G, van Os R. Mobilized peripheral blood stem cells provide rapid reconstitution but impaired long-term engraftment in a mouse model. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 39:401-9. [PMID: 17293881 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we use competitive repopulation to compare the quality and frequency of stem cells isolated from mobilized blood with stem cells isolated from bone marrow (BM) in a mouse model. Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) (LSK) cells were harvested from control BM and peripheral blood of mice following granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration. LSK cells were used because of their resemblance to human CD34(+) cells. We confirmed that transplantation of phenotypically defined mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) stem cells results in rapid recovery of blood counts. However, in vitro results indicated that LSK cells purified from MPB had lower cobblestone area-forming cell day 35 activity compared to BM. Additionally, evaluation of chimerism after co-transplantation of LSK cells purified from blood and BM revealed that MPB stem cells contained 25-fold less repopulation potential compared to BM stem cells. Competitive repopulating unit frequency analysis showed that freshly isolated MPB LSK cells have 8.8-fold fewer cells with long-term repopulating ability compared to BM LSK cells. Secondary transplantation showed no further decline in contribution of hematopoiesis relative to BM. We conclude that the reduced frequency of stem cells within the LSK population of MPB, rather than poorer quality, causes the reduced repopulation potential.Bone Marrow Transplantation (2007) 39, 401-409. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1705601; published online 12 February 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S G Yeoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Section Stem Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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