1
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Lu CY, Wu JZ, Yao HHY, Liu RJY, Li L, Pluthero FG, Freeman SA, Kahr WHA. Acidification of α-granules in megakaryocytes by vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatase is essential for organelle biogenesis. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:2294-2305. [PMID: 38718926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets coordinate blood coagulation at sites of vascular injury and play fundamental roles in a wide variety of (patho)physiological processes. Key to many platelet functions is the transport and secretion of proteins packaged within α-granules, organelles produced by platelet precursor megakaryocytes. Prominent among α-granule cargo are fibrinogen endocytosed from plasma and endogenously synthesized von Willebrand factor. These and other proteins are known to require acidic pH for stable packaging. Luminal acidity has been confirmed for mature α-granules isolated from platelets, but direct measurement of megakaryocyte granule acidity has not been reported. OBJECTIVES To determine the luminal pH of α-granules and their precursors in megakaryocytes and assess the requirement of vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) activity to establish and maintain the luminal acidity and integrity of these organelles. METHODS Cresyl violet staining was used to detect acidic granules in megakaryocytes. Endocytosis of fibrinogen tagged with the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye fluorescein isothiocyanate was used to load a subset of these organelles. Ratiometric fluorescence analysis was used to determine their luminal pH. RESULTS We show that most of the acidic granules detected in megakaryocytes appear to be α-granules/precursors, for which we established a median luminal pH of 5.2 (IQR, 5.0-5.5). Inhibition of megakaryocyte V-ATPase activity led to enlargement of cargo-containing compartments detected by fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. CONCLUSION These observations reveal that V-ATPase activity is required to establish and maintain a luminal acidic pH in megakaryocyte α-granules/precursors, confirming its importance for stable packaging of cargo proteins such as von Willebrand factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Lu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jing Ze Wu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen H Y Yao
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard J Y Liu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ling Li
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fred G Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Gremmel T, Frelinger AL, Michelson AD. Platelet Physiology. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024. [PMID: 38653463 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Platelets are the smallest blood cells, numbering 150 to 350 × 109/L in healthy individuals. The ability of activated platelets to adhere to an injured vessel wall and form aggregates was first described in the 19th century. Besides their long-established roles in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets are increasingly recognized as pivotal players in numerous other pathophysiological processes including inflammation and atherogenesis, antimicrobial host defense, and tumor growth and metastasis. Consequently, profound knowledge of platelet structure and function is becoming more important in research and in many fields of modern medicine. This review provides an overview of platelet physiology focusing particularly on the structure, granules, surface glycoproteins, and activation pathways of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gremmel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, St. Pölten, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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3
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Zhou Y, Dong J, Wang M, Liu Y. New insights of platelet endocytosis and its implication for platelet function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1308170. [PMID: 38264257 PMCID: PMC10803655 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1308170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis constitutes a cellular process in which cells selectively encapsulate surface substances into endocytic vesicles, also known as endosomes, thereby modulating their interaction with the environment. Platelets, as pivotal hematologic elements, play a crucial role not only in regulating coagulation and thrombus formation but also in facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis. Functioning as critical components in the circulatory system, platelets can internalize various endosomal compartments, such as surface receptors, extracellular proteins, small molecules, and pathogens, from the extracellular environment through diverse endocytic pathways, including pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. We summarize recent advancements in platelet endocytosis, encompassing the catalog of cargoes, regulatory mechanisms, and internal trafficking routes. Furthermore, we describe the influence of endocytosis on platelet regulatory functions and related physiological and pathological processes, aiming to offer foundational insights for future research into platelet endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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4
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Mutations in Neurobeachin-like 2 do not impact Weibel-Palade body biogenesis and von Willebrand factor secretion in gray platelet syndrome Endothelial Colony Forming Cells. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100086. [PMID: 36923710 PMCID: PMC10009729 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with gray platelet syndrome (GPS) and Neurobeachin-like 2 (NBEAL2) deficiency produce platelets lacking alpha-granules (AGs) and present with lifelong bleeding symptoms. AGs are lysosome-related organelles and store the hemostatic protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) and the transmembrane protein P-selectin. Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are lysosome-related organelles of endothelial cells and also store VWF and P-selectin. In megakaryocytes, NBEAL2 links P-selectin on AGs to the SNARE protein SEC22B on the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby preventing premature release of cargo from AG precursors. In endothelial cells, SEC22B drives VWF trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi and promotes the formation of elongated WPBs, but it is unclear whether this requires NBEAL2. Objectives To investigate a potential role for NBEAL2 in WPB biogenesis and VWF secretion using NBEAL2-deficient endothelial cells. Methods The interaction of SEC22B with NBEAL2 in endothelial cells was investigated by interatomic mass spectrometry and pull-down analysis. Endothelial colony forming cells were isolated from healthy controls and 3 unrelated patients with GPS and mutations in NBEAL2. Results We showed that SEC22B binds to NBEAL2 in ECs. Endothelial colony forming cells derived from a patient with GPS are deficient in NBEAL2 but reveal normal formation and maturation of WPBs and normal WPB cargo recruitment. Neither basal nor histamine-induced VWF secretion is altered in the absence of NBEAL2. Conclusions Although NBEAL2 deficiency causes the absence of AGs in patients with GPS, it does not impact WPB functionality in ECs. Our data highlight the differences in the regulatory mechanisms between these 2 hemostatic storage compartments.
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5
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Harper MT. Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Arterial Thrombosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:259-275. [PMID: 37603285 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are necessary for normal haemostasis but also form life-threatening arterial thrombi when atherosclerotic plaques rupture. Activated platelets release many extracellular vesicles during thrombosis. Phosphatidylserine-exposing microparticles promote coagulation. Small exosomes released during granule secretion deliver cargoes including microRNAs to cells throughout the cardiovascular system. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which platelets release these extracellular vesicles, together with the possibility of inhibiting this release as an antithrombotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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6
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A multivesicular body-like organelle mediates stimulus-regulated trafficking of olfactory ciliary transduction proteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6889. [PMID: 36371422 PMCID: PMC9653401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulus transduction in cilia of olfactory sensory neurons is mediated by odorant receptors, Gαolf, adenylate cyclase-3, cyclic nucleotide-gated and chloride ion channels. Mechanisms regulating trafficking and localization of these proteins in the dendrite are unknown. By lectin/immunofluorescence staining and in vivo correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM), we identify a retinitis pigmentosa-2 (RP2), ESCRT-0 and synaptophysin-containing multivesicular organelle that is not part of generic recycling/degradative/exosome pathways. The organelle's intraluminal vesicles contain the olfactory transduction proteins except for Golf subunits Gγ13 and Gβ1. Instead, Gβ1 colocalizes with RP2 on the organelle's outer membrane. The organelle accumulates in response to stimulus deprivation, while odor stimuli or adenylate cyclase activation cause outer membrane disintegration, release of intraluminal vesicles, and RP2/Gβ1 translocation to the base of olfactory cilia. Together, these findings reveal the existence of a dendritic organelle that mediates both stimulus-regulated storage of olfactory ciliary transduction proteins and membrane-delimited sorting important for G protein heterotrimerization.
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7
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Wang C, Li L, Yang C, Zhang Z, Li X, Wang Y, Lv X, Qi X, Song G. One night of sleep deprivation induces release of small extracellular vesicles into circulation and promotes platelet activation by small EVs. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5033-5043. [PMID: 36043452 PMCID: PMC9549501 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as key players in intercellular communication. Few studies have focused on EV levels in subjects with sleep disorders. Here, we aimed to explore the role of acute sleep deprivation on the quantity and functionality of circulating EVs, and their tissue distribution. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the plasma of volunteers and animals undergoing one night of sleep deprivation. Arterio-venous shunt, FeCl3 thrombus test and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation assay were conducted to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro bioactivity of small EVs. Western blotting was performed to measure the expression of EV proteins. The fate and distribution of circulating small EVs were determined by intravital imaging. We found that one night of sleep deprivation triggers release of small EVs into the circulation in both healthy individuals and animals. Injection of sleep deprivation-liberated small EVs into animals increased thrombus formation and weight in thrombosis models. Also, sleep deprivation-liberated small EVs promoted platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Mechanistically, sleep deprivation increased the levels of HMGB1 protein in small EVs, which play important roles in platelet activation. Furthermore, we found sleep deprivation-liberated small EVs are more readily localize in the liver. These data suggested that one night of sleep deprivation is a stress for small EV release, and small EVs released here may increase the risk of thrombosis. Further, small EVs may be implicated in long distance signalling during sleep deprivation-mediated adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyue Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China.,Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian, China
| | - Lulu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Xiang Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
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8
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Eustes AS, Dayal S. The Role of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immune-Mediated Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7837. [PMID: 35887184 PMCID: PMC9320310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) play important roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. There are three major types of PEVs described based on their size and characteristics, but newer types may continue to emerge owing to the ongoing improvement in the methodologies and terms used to define various types of EVs. As the literature on EVs is growing, there are continuing attempts to standardize protocols for EV isolation and reach consensus in the field. This review provides information on mechanisms of PEV production, characteristics, cellular interaction, and their pathological role, especially in autoimmune and infectious diseases. We also highlight the mechanisms through which PEVs can activate parent cells in a feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S. Eustes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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9
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Margono A, Bagio DA, Julianto I, Suprastiwi E. The Effect of Calcium Gluconate on Platelet Rich Plasma Activation for VEGF-A Expression of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:424-429. [PMID: 34937106 PMCID: PMC9339933 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) activation is an important factor in triggering the initial release of blood-derived growth factors from platelets. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) can be expressed by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and plays an important role in dental pulp angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of calcium gluconate on PRP activation in hDPSC VEGF-A expression.
Materials and Methods
Two types of PRP and their corresponding activators were analyzed in this study: PRP (activated using calcium chloride/CaCl
2
) and PRP-T (activated using CaCl
2
with the addition of 10% calcium gluconate). hDPSCs were obtained by using an out-growth method (DPSCs-OG), and harvest between the fifth and sixth passages, then cultured in three different media groups: control, PRP, and PRP-T, which were planted in 96 wells (5 × 10
3
each well). The VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs was analyzed by using an ELISA test and observed at 24, 48, and 72 hours.
Statistical Analysis
This study was performed by using one-way ANOVA (
p
< 0.05) test.
Results
There were significant differences between all groups (
p
< 0.05) at 48 and 72 hours of observations, and no significant differences in the PRP and PRP-T groups at 48 and 72 hours of observations (
p
> 0.05).
Conclusion
PRP and PRP-T were equally effective in inducing VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraini Margono
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dini Asrianti Bagio
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah Julianto
- Department of Dermato Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Solo Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Suprastiwi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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10
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Yu L, Guo Y, Chang Z, Zhang D, Zhang S, Pei H, Pang J, Zhao ZJ, Chen Y. Bidirectional Interaction Between Cancer Cells and Platelets Provides Potential Strategies for Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:764119. [PMID: 34722319 PMCID: PMC8551800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.764119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential components in the tumor microenvironment. For decades, clinical data have demonstrated that cancer patients have a high risk of thrombosis that is associated with adverse prognosis and decreased survival, indicating the involvement of platelets in cancer progression. Increasing evidence confirms that cancer cells are able to induce production and activation of platelets. Once activated, platelets serve as allies of cancer cells in tumor growth and metastasis. They can protect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) against the immune system and detachment-induced apoptosis while facilitating angiogenesis and tumor cell adhesion and invasion. Therefore, antiplatelet agents and platelet-based therapies should be developed for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional cancer-platelet crosstalk and platelet-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Yu
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiguang Chang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengyang Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanzhong Pei
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Yun Chen
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Justo BL, Jasiulionis MG. Characteristics of TIMP1, CD63, and β1-Integrin and the Functional Impact of Their Interaction in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9319. [PMID: 34502227 PMCID: PMC8431149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteases 1, also known as TIMP-1, is named for its well-established function of inhibiting the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteases. Given this function, many studies were carried out to verify if TIMP-1 was able to interrupt processes such as tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In contrast, many studies have shown that TIMP-1 expression is increased in several types of tumors, and this increase was correlated with a poor prognosis and lower survival in cancer patients. Later, it was shown that TIMP-1 is also able to modulate cell behavior through the induction of signaling pathways involved in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of the pleiotropic functions of TIMP-1 are still poorly understood. Thus, this review aimed to present literature data that show its ability to form a membrane complex with CD63 and β1-integrin, and point to N-glycosylation as a potential regulatory mechanism of the functions exerted by TIMP-1. This article reviewed the characteristics and functions performed individually by TIMP1, CD63, and β1-integrin, the roles of the TIMP-1/CD63/β1-integrin complex, both in a physiological context and in cancer, and the regulatory mechanisms involved in its assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 5 Floor, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil;
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12
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Effects of Cancer Presence and Therapy on the Platelet Proteome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158236. [PMID: 34361002 PMCID: PMC8347210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are involved in tumor angiogenesis and cancer progression. Previous studies indicated that cancer could affect platelet content. In the current study, we investigated whether cancer-associated proteins can be discerned in the platelets of cancer patients, and whether antitumor treatment may affect the platelet proteome. Platelets were isolated from nine patients with different cancer types and ten healthy volunteers. From three patients, platelets were isolated before and after the start of antitumor treatment. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of gel-fractionated platelet proteins were used to compare patients versus controls and before and after treatment initiation. A total of 4059 proteins were detected, of which 50 were significantly more abundant in patients, and 36 more in healthy volunteers. Eight of these proteins overlapped with our previous cancer platelet proteomics study. From these data, we selected potential biomarkers of cancer including six upregulated proteins (RNF213, CTSG, PGLYRP1, RPL8, S100A8, S100A9) and two downregulated proteins (GPX1, TNS1). Antitumor treatment resulted in increased levels of 432 proteins and decreased levels of 189 proteins. In conclusion, the platelet proteome may be affected in cancer patients and platelets are a potential source of cancer biomarkers. In addition, we found in a small group of patients that anticancer treatment significantly changes the platelet proteome.
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13
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Aliotta A, Bertaggia Calderara D, Zermatten MG, Marchetti M, Alberio L. Thrombocytopathies: Not Just Aggregation Defects-The Clinical Relevance of Procoagulant Platelets. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050894. [PMID: 33668091 PMCID: PMC7956450 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are active key players in haemostasis. Qualitative platelet dysfunctions result in thrombocytopathies variously characterized by defects of their adhesive and procoagulant activation endpoints. In this review, we summarize the traditional platelet defects in adhesion, secretion, and aggregation. In addition, we review the current knowledge about procoagulant platelets, focusing on their role in bleeding or thrombotic pathologies and their pharmaceutical modulation. Procoagulant activity is an important feature of platelet activation, which should be specifically evaluated during the investigation of a suspected thrombocytopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Aliotta
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (M.G.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Debora Bertaggia Calderara
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (M.G.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Maxime G. Zermatten
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (M.G.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Matteo Marchetti
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (M.G.Z.); (M.M.)
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de Nyon, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (M.G.Z.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Mechanism of platelet α-granule biogenesis: study of cargo transport and the VPS33B-VPS16B complex in a model system. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2617-2626. [PMID: 31501156 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet α-granules play important roles in platelet function. They contain hundreds of proteins that are synthesized by the megakaryocyte or taken up by endocytosis. The trafficking pathways that mediate platelet α-granule biogenesis are incompletely understood, especially with regard to cargo synthesized by the megakaryocyte. Vacuolar-protein sorting 33B (VPS33B) and VPS16B are essential proteins for α-granule biogenesis, but they are largely uncharacterized. Here, we adapted a powerful method to directly map the pathway followed by newly synthesized cargo proteins to reach α-granules. Using this method, we revealed the recycling endosome as a key intermediate compartment in α-granule biogenesis. We then used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to knock out VPS33B in pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized megakaryocyte cells (imMKCLs). Consistent with the observations in platelets from patients with VPS33B mutation, VPS33B-knockout (KO) imMKCLs have drastically reduced levels of α-granule proteins platelet factor 4, von Willebrand factor, and P-selectin. VPS33B and VPS16B form a distinct and small complex in imMKCLs with the same hydrodynamic radius as the recombinant VPS33B-VPS16B heterodimer purified from bacteria. Mechanistically, the VPS33B-VPS16B complex ensures the correct trafficking of α-granule proteins. VPS33B deficiency results in α-granule cargo degradation in lysosomes. VPS16B steady-state levels are significantly lower in VPS33B-KO imMKCLs, suggesting that VPS16B is destabilized in the absence of its partner. Exogenous expression of green fluorescent protein-VPS33B in VPS33B-KO imMKCLs reconstitutes the complex, which localizes to the recycling endosome, further defining this compartment as a key intermediate in α-granule biogenesis. These results advance our understanding of platelet α-granule biogenesis and open new avenues for the study of these organelles.
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15
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Combined deficiency of RAB32 and RAB38 in the mouse mimics Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and critically impairs thrombosis. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2368-2380. [PMID: 31399401 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019031286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of lysosome related organelles is defective in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and platelet dense granule (DG) defects. The first animal model of HPS was the fawn-hooded rat, harboring a spontaneous mutation inactivating the small guanosine triphosphatase Rab38 This leads to coat color dilution associated with the absence of DGs and lung morphological defects. Another RAB38 mutant, the cht mouse, has normal DGs, which has raised controversy about the role of RAB38 in DG biogenesis. We show here that murine and human, but not rat, platelets also express the closely related RAB32. To elucidate the parts played by RAB32 and RAB38 in the biogenesis of DGs in vivo and their effects on platelet functions, we generated mice inactivated for Rab32, Rab38, and both genes. Single Rab38 inactivation mimicked cht mice, whereas single Rab32 inactivation had no effect in DGs, coat color, or lung morphology. By contrast, Rab32/38 double inactivation mimicked severe HPS, with strong coat and eye pigment dilution, some enlarged lung multilamellar bodies associated with a decrease in the number of DGs. These organelles were morphologically abnormal, decreased in number, and devoid of 5-hydroxytryptamine content. In line with the storage pool defect, platelet activation was affected, resulting in severely impaired thrombus growth and prolongation of the bleeding time. Overall, our study demonstrates the absence of impact of RAB38 or RAB32 single deficiency in platelet biogenesis and function resulting from full redundancy, and characterized a new mouse model mimicking HPS devoid of DG content.
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16
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Bowman SL, Bi-Karchin J, Le L, Marks MS. The road to lysosome-related organelles: Insights from Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and other rare diseases. Traffic 2020; 20:404-435. [PMID: 30945407 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) comprise a diverse group of cell type-specific, membrane-bound subcellular organelles that derive at least in part from the endolysosomal system but that have unique contents, morphologies and functions to support specific physiological roles. They include: melanosomes that provide pigment to our eyes and skin; alpha and dense granules in platelets, and lytic granules in cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, which release effectors to regulate hemostasis and immunity; and distinct classes of lamellar bodies in lung epithelial cells and keratinocytes that support lung plasticity and skin lubrication. The formation, maturation and/or secretion of subsets of LROs are dysfunctional or entirely absent in a number of hereditary syndromic disorders, including in particular the Hermansky-Pudlak syndromes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of LROs in humans and model organisms and presents our current understanding of how the products of genes that are defective in heritable diseases impact their formation, motility and ultimate secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Bowman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Bi-Karchin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linh Le
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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17
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Karampini E, Bierings R, Voorberg J. Orchestration of Primary Hemostasis by Platelet and Endothelial Lysosome-Related Organelles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1441-1453. [PMID: 32375545 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocyte-derived platelets and endothelial cells store their hemostatic cargo in α- and δ-granules and Weibel-Palade bodies, respectively. These storage granules belong to the lysosome-related organelles (LROs), a heterogeneous group of organelles that are rapidly released following agonist-induced triggering of intracellular signaling pathways. Following vascular injury, endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies release their content into the vascular lumen and promote the formation of long VWF (von Willebrand factor) strings that form an adhesive platform for platelets. Binding to VWF strings as well as exposed subendothelial collagen activates platelets resulting in the release of α- and δ-granules, which are crucial events in formation of a primary hemostatic plug. Biogenesis and secretion of these LROs are pivotal for the maintenance of proper hemostasis. Several bleeding disorders have been linked to abnormal generation of LROs in megakaryocytes and endothelial cells. Recent reviews have emphasized common pathways in the biogenesis and biological properties of LROs, focusing mainly on melanosomes. Despite many similarities, LROs in platelet and endothelial cells clearly possess distinct properties that allow them to provide a highly coordinated and synergistic contribution to primary hemostasis by sequentially releasing hemostatic cargo. In this brief review, we discuss in depth the known regulators of α- and δ-granules in megakaryocytes/platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells, starting from transcription factors that have been associated with granule formation to protein complexes that promote granule maturation. In addition, we provide a detailed view on the interplay between platelet and endothelial LROs in controlling hemostasis as well as their dysfunction in LRO related bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Karampini
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory (E.K., R.B., J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory (E.K., R.B., J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.)
| | - Jan Voorberg
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory (E.K., R.B., J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Experimental Vascular Medicine (J.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Jadli AS, Ballasy N, Edalat P, Patel VB. Inside(sight) of tiny communicator: exosome biogenesis, secretion, and uptake. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 467:77-94. [PMID: 32088833 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Discovered in the late 1980s as an extracellular vesicle of endosomal origin secreted from reticulocytes, exosomes recently gained scientific attention due to its role in intercellular communication. Exosomes have now been identified to carry cell-specific cargo of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other biologically active molecules. Exosomes can be selectively taken up by neighboring or distant cells, which has shown to result in structural and functional responses in the recipient cells. Recent advances indicate the regulation of exosomes at various steps, including their biogenesis, selection of their cargo, as well as cell-specific uptake. This review will shed light on the differences between the type of extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of the regulation of exosome biogenesis, secretion, and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul S Jadli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, HMRB-53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, HMRB-71, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Noura Ballasy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, HMRB-53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, HMRB-71, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pariya Edalat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, HMRB-53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, HMRB-71, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, HMRB-53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, HMRB-71, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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19
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Scandola C, Erhardt M, Rinckel JY, Proamer F, Gachet C, Eckly A. Use of electron microscopy to study megakaryocytes. Platelets 2020; 31:589-598. [PMID: 31903825 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1708885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) has a long history in megakaryocyte (MK) cellular biology. This chapter shows how the electron microscope, since its first appearance almost 90 years ago, has occupied center stage in the studies of MK morphology and function. It describes some of the more productive EM techniques that have shaped our understanding of the physiology of thrombopoiesis. These include the standard transmission and scanning EM techniques as well as the new imaging methods, correlative microscopy and volume EM which provide information on the 3D organization of MKs on different scales: single organelles, whole cells and tissues. For each technique, we list the advantages and limitations, the resolution that can be achieved, the technical difficulties and the applications in MK biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Scandola
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jean-Yves Rinckel
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabienne Proamer
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
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20
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Pokrovskaya ID, Yadav S, Rao A, McBride E, Kamykowski JA, Zhang G, Aronova MA, Leapman RD, Storrie B. 3D ultrastructural analysis of α-granule, dense granule, mitochondria, and canalicular system arrangement in resting human platelets. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:72-85. [PMID: 31989087 PMCID: PMC6971324 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND State-of-the-art 3-dimensional (3D) electron microscopy approaches provide a new standard for the visualization of human platelet ultrastructure. Application of these approaches to platelets rapidly fixed prior to purification to minimize activation should provide new insights into resting platelet ultrastructure. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine the 3D organization of α-granules, dense granules, mitochondria, and canalicular system in resting human platelets and map their spatial relationships. METHODS We used serial block face-scanning electron microscopy images to render the 3D ultrastructure of α-granules, dense granules, mitochondria, canalicular system, and plasma membrane for 30 human platelets, 10 each from 3 donors. α-Granule compositional data were assessed by sequential, serial section cryo-immunogold electron microscopy and by immunofluorescence (structured illumination microscopy). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS α-Granule number correlated linearly with platelet size, while dense granule and mitochondria number had little correlation with platelet size. For all subcellular compartments, individual organelle parameters varied considerably and organelle volume fraction had little correlation with platelet size. Three-dimensional data from 30 platelets indicated only limited spatial intermixing of the different organelle classes. Interestingly, almost 70% of α-granules came within ≤35 nm of each other, a distance associated in other cell systems with protein-mediated contact sites. Size and shape analysis of the 1488 α-granules analyzed revealed no more variation than that expected for a Gaussian distribution. Protein distribution data indicated that all α-granules likely contained the same major set of proteins, albeit at varying amounts and varying distribution within the granule matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina D. Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| | - Shilpi Yadav
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| | - Amith Rao
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular BiophysicsNIBIBNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Emma McBride
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular BiophysicsNIBIBNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Jeffrey A. Kamykowski
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular BiophysicsNIBIBNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Maria A. Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular BiophysicsNIBIBNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Richard D. Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular BiophysicsNIBIBNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
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21
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Multia E, Tear CJY, Palviainen M, Siljander P, Riekkola ML. Fast isolation of highly specific population of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles from blood plasma by affinity monolithic column, immobilized with anti-human CD61 antibody. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1091:160-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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SNARE-dependent membrane fusion initiates α-granule matrix decondensation in mouse platelets. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2947-2958. [PMID: 30401752 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018019158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet α-granule cargo release is fundamental to both hemostasis and thrombosis. Granule matrix hydration is a key regulated step in this process, yet its mechanism is poorly understood. In endothelial cells, there is evidence for 2 modes of cargo release: a jack-in-the-box mechanism of hydration-dependent protein phase transitions and an actin-driven granule constriction/extrusion mechanism. The third alternative considered is a prefusion, channel-mediated granule swelling, analogous to the membrane "ballooning" seen in procoagulant platelets. Using thrombin-stimulated platelets from a set of secretion-deficient, soluble N-ethylmaleimide factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) mutant mice and various ultrastructural approaches, we tested predictions of these mechanisms to distinguish which best explains the α-granule release process. We found that the granule decondensation/hydration required for cargo expulsion was (1) blocked in fusion-protein-deficient platelets; (2) characterized by a fusion-dependent transition in granule size in contrast to a preswollen intermediate; (3) determined spatially with α-granules located close to the plasma membrane (PM) decondensing more readily; (4) propagated from the site of granule fusion; and (5) traced, in 3-dimensional space, to individual granule fusion events at the PM or less commonly at the canalicular system. In sum, the properties of α-granule decondensation/matrix hydration strongly indicate that α-granule cargo expulsion is likely by a jack-in-the-box mechanism rather than by gradual channel-regulated water influx or by a granule-constriction mechanism. These experiments, in providing a structural and mechanistic basis for cargo expulsion, should be informative in understanding the α-granule release reaction in the context of hemostasis and thrombosis.
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23
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Lo RW, Li L, Leung R, Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. NBEAL2 (Neurobeachin-Like 2) Is Required for Retention of Cargo Proteins by α-Granules During Their Production by Megakaryocytes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2435-2447. [PMID: 30354215 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Human and mouse megakaryocytes lacking NBEAL2 (neurobeachin-like 2) produce platelets where α-granules lack protein cargo. This cargo is mostly megakaryocyte-synthesized, but some proteins, including FGN (fibrinogen), are endocytosed. In this study, we examined the trafficking of both types of cargo within primary megakaryocytes cultured from normal and NBEAL2-null mice, to determine the role of NBEAL2 in α-granule maturation. We also examined the interaction of NBEAL2 with the granule-associated protein P-selectin in human megakaryocytes and platelets. Approach and Results- Fluorescence microscopy was used to compare uptake of labeled FGN by normal and NBEAL2-null mouse megakaryocytes, which was similar in both. NBEAL2-null cells, however, showed decreased FGN retention, and studies with biotinylated protein showed rapid loss rather than increased degradation. Intracellular tracking via fluorescence microscopy revealed that in normal megakaryocytes, endocytosed FGN sequentially associated with compartments expressing RAB5 (Ras-related protein in brain 5), RAB7 (Ras-related protein in brain 7), and P-selectin, where it was retained. A similar initial pattern was observed in NBEAL2-null megakaryocytes, but then FGN passed from the P-selectin compartment to RAB11 (Ras-related protein in brain 11)-associated endosomes before release. Megakaryocyte-synthesized VWF (Von Willebrand factor) was observed to follow the same route out of NBEAL2-null cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed intracellular colocalization of NBEAL2 with P-selectin in human megakaryocytes, proplatelets, and platelets. Native NBEAL2 and P-selectin were coimmunoprecipitated from platelets and megakaryocytes. Conclusions- NBEAL2 is not required for FGN uptake by megakaryocytes. NBEAL2 is required for the retention of both endocytosed and megakaryocyte-synthesized proteins by maturing α-granules, and possibly by platelet-borne granules. This function may involve interaction of NBEAL2 with P-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Lo
- From the Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.W.L., L.L., R.L., F.G.P., W.H.A.K.).,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (R.W.L., W.H.A.K.)
| | - Ling Li
- From the Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.W.L., L.L., R.L., F.G.P., W.H.A.K.)
| | - Richard Leung
- From the Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.W.L., L.L., R.L., F.G.P., W.H.A.K.)
| | - Fred G Pluthero
- From the Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.W.L., L.L., R.L., F.G.P., W.H.A.K.)
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- From the Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada (R.W.L., L.L., R.L., F.G.P., W.H.A.K.).,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (R.W.L., W.H.A.K.).,Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, ON, Canada (W.H.A.K.)
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24
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Noetzli LJ, Italiano JE. Unlocking the Molecular Secrete(s) of α-Granule Biogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2539-2541. [PMID: 30354241 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila J Noetzli
- From the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph E Italiano
- From the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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25
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Abstract
We tested the ability of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEV) to promote adhesion of flowing neutrophils to endothelial cells (EC). PEV were collected from platelets stimulated with collagen-related peptide, and differential centrifugation was used to collect larger vesicles enriched for platelet membrane microvesicles (PMV) or smaller vesicles enriched for platelet exosomes (Pexo). Vesicle binding and resultant activation of neutrophils and EC were assessed by flow cytometry. Flow-based adhesion assays assessed binding of neutrophils directly to deposited vesicles or to EC, after neutrophils or EC had been treated with vesicles. PEV bound efficiently to neutrophils or EC, with resultant upregulation of activation markers. Binding was Ca++-dependent and dominantly mediated by CD62P for neutrophils or by integrins for EC. Deposited PEV supported mainly transient attachments of flowing neutrophils through CD62P and some stable adhesion through CXC-chemokines. Neutrophil adhesion to EC was promoted when either cell was pre-treated with PEV, although the effect was less prominent when EC were pre-activated with tumor necrosis factor-α. The pro-adhesive effects on neutrophils could largely be attributed to the larger PMV rather than Pexo. Thus, surface-bound PEV can capture flowing neutrophils, while PEV also activate neutrophils and EC to promote interactions. PEV may potentiate inflammatory responses after tissue injury.
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26
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Defective RAB1B-related megakaryocytic ER-to-Golgi transport in RUNX1 haplodeficiency: impact on von Willebrand factor. Blood Adv 2019; 2:797-806. [PMID: 29632235 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017014274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with RUNX1 haplodeficiency have thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and deficiencies of α-granules and dense granules. Platelet expression profiling of a patient with a heterozygous RUNX1 mutation (c.969-323G>T) revealed decreased RAB1B, which encodes a small G protein. RAB GTPases regulate vesicle trafficking, and RAB1B is implicated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport in nonhematopoietic cells, but its role in megakaryocytes (MK) is unknown. We addressed the hypothesis that RAB1B is a transcriptional target of RUNX1 and that RAB1B regulates ER-to-Golgi transport in MK cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies and electrophoretic mobility shift assay using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated human erythroleukemia cells revealed RUNX1 binding to RAB1B promoter region RUNX1 consensus sites, and their mutation reduced the promoter activity. RAB1B promoter activity and protein expression were inhibited by RUNX1 siRNA and enhanced by RUNX1 overexpression. These indicate that RAB1B is a direct RUNX1 target, providing a mechanism for decreased RAB1B in patient platelets. Vesicle trafficking from ER to Golgi in PMA-treated human erythroleukemia cells was impaired along with Golgi disruption on siRNA downregulation of RUNX1 or RAB1B. The effects of RUNX1 knockdown were reversed by RAB1B reconstitution. Trafficking of von Willebrand factor (vWF), an α-granule MK synthesized protein, was impaired with RUNX1 or RAB1B downregulation and reconstituted by ectopic RAB1B expression. Platelet vWF was decreased in patients with RUNX1 mutations. Thus, ER-to-Golgi transport, an early critical step in protein trafficking to granules, is impaired in megakaryocytic cells on RUNX1 downregulation, secondary to decreased RAB1B expression. Impaired RAB1B mediated ER-to-Golgi transport contributes to platelet α-granule defects in RUNX1 haplodeficiency.
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27
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Al‐Amri ASH, Al‐Marzooqi W, Al‐Abri M, Johnson EH. Ultrastructural observations on the platelets of the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx). Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 48:244-249. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Saif Hilal Al‐Amri
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Al‐Khod Oman
| | - Waleed Al‐Marzooqi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Al‐Khod Oman
| | - Mohammed Al‐Abri
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Al‐Khod Oman
| | - Eugene H. Johnson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Al‐Khod Oman
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28
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29
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30
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31
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32
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Greening DW, Simpson RJ. Understanding extracellular vesicle diversity – current status. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:887-910. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1537788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia
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De Paoli SH, Tegegn TZ, Elhelu OK, Strader MB, Patel M, Diduch LL, Tarandovskiy ID, Wu Y, Zheng J, Ovanesov MV, Alayash A, Simak J. Dissecting the biochemical architecture and morphological release pathways of the human platelet extracellular vesiculome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3781-3801. [PMID: 29427073 PMCID: PMC11105464 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) have emerged as potential mediators in intercellular communication. PEVs exhibit several activities with pathophysiological importance and may serve as diagnostic biomarkers. Here, imaging and analytical techniques were employed to unveil morphological pathways of the release, structure, composition, and surface properties of PEVs derived from human platelets (PLTs) activated with the thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP). Based on extensive electron microscopy analysis, we propose four morphological pathways for PEVs release from TRAP-activated PLTs: (1) plasma membrane budding, (2) extrusion of multivesicular α-granules and cytoplasmic vacuoles, (3) plasma membrane blistering and (4) "pearling" of PLT pseudopodia. The PLT extracellular vesiculome encompasses ectosomes, exosomes, free mitochondria, mitochondria-containing vesicles, "podiasomes" and PLT "ghosts". Interestingly, a flow cytometry showed a population of TOM20+LC3+ PEVs, likely products of platelet mitophagy. We found that lipidomic and proteomic profiles were different between the small PEV (S-PEVs; mean diameter 103 nm) and the large vesicle (L-PEVs; mean diameter 350 nm) fractions separated by differential centrifugation. In addition, the majority of PEVs released by activated PLTs was composed of S-PEVs which have markedly higher thrombin generation activity per unit of PEV surface area compared to L-PEVs, and contribute approximately 60% of the PLT vesiculome procoagulant potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia H De Paoli
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 4210, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Tseday Z Tegegn
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 4210, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Oumsalama K Elhelu
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 4210, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael B Strader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO Bldg. 52/72, Silver Spring, MD, 20993-0002, USA
| | - Mehulkumar Patel
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 4210, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lukas L Diduch
- Dakota Consulting, Inc., 1110 Bonifant St., Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ivan D Tarandovskiy
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 4210, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jiwen Zheng
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mikhail V Ovanesov
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abdu Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO Bldg. 52/72, Silver Spring, MD, 20993-0002, USA
| | - Jan Simak
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 4210, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Sorting machineries: how platelet-dense granules differ from α-granules. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180458. [PMID: 30104399 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets respond to vascular injury via surface receptor stimulation and signaling events to trigger aggregation, procoagulant activation, and granule secretion during hemostasis, thrombosis, and vascular remodeling. Platelets contain three major types of secretory granules including dense granules (or δ-granules, DGs), α-granules (AGs), and lysosomes. The contents of platelet granules are specific. Platelet DGs store polyphosphate and small molecules such as ADP, ATP, Ca2+, and serotonin, while AGs package most of the proteins that platelets release. The platelet DGs and AGs are regarded as being budded from the endosomes and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), respectively, and then matured from multivesicular bodies (MVBs). However, the sorting machineries between DGs and AGs are different. Inherited platelet disorders are associated with deficiency of DGs and AGs, leading to bleeding diathesis in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), gray platelet syndrome (GPS), and arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis syndrome (ARC). Here, we reviewed the current understanding about how DGs differ from AGs in structure, biogenesis, and function. In particular, we focus on the sorting machineries that are involved in the formation of these two types of granules to provide insights into their diverse biological functions.
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Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins regulate megakaryocyte TGF-β1 secretion and hematopoiesis in mice. Blood 2018; 132:1027-1038. [PMID: 30042096 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-806257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that megakaryocyte (MK) phosphoinositide signaling mediated by phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) contributes to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) regulation. Conditional knockout mice lacking PITPs specifically in MKs and platelets (pitpα-/- and pitpα-/-/β-/-) bone marrow (BM) manifested decreased numbers of HSCs, MK-erythrocyte progenitors, and cycling HPCs. Further, pitpα-/-/β-/- BM had significantly reduced engrafting capability in competitive transplantation and limiting dilution analysis. Conditioned media (CM) from cultured pitpα-/- and pitpα-/-/β-/- BM MKs contained higher levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), among other myelosuppressive cytokines, than wild-type BM MKs. Correspondingly, BM flush fluid from pitpα-/- and pitpα-/-/β-/- mice had higher concentrations of TGF-β1. CM from pitpα-/- and pitpα-/-/β-/- MKs significantly suppressed HPC colony formation, which was completely extinguished in vitro by neutralizing anti-TGF-β antibody, and treatment of pitpα-/-/β-/- mice in vivo with anti-TGF-β antibodies completely reverted their defects in BM HSC and HPC numbers. TGF-β and IL-4 synergized to inhibit HPC colony formation in vitro. Electron microscopy analysis of pitpα-/-/β-/- MKs revealed ultrastructural defects with depleted α-granules and large, misshaped multivesicular bodies. Von Willebrand factor and thrombospondin-1, like TGF-β, are stored in MK α-granules and were also elevated in CM of cultured pitpα-/-/β-/- MKs. Altogether, these data show that ablating PITPs in MKs indirectly dysregulates hematopoiesis in the BM by disrupting α-granule physiology and secretion of TGF-β1.
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36
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Gertz JM, McLean KC, Bouchard BA. Endocytosed factor V is trafficked to CD42b + proplatelet extensions during differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived megakaryocytes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8691-8700. [PMID: 29761851 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plasma- and platelet-derived factor Va are essential for thrombin generation catalyzed by the prothrombinase complex; however, several observations demonstrate that the platelet-derived cofactor, which is formed following megakaryocyte endocytosis and modification of the plasma procofactor, factor V, is more hemostatically relevant. Factor V endocytosis, as a function of megakaryocyte differentiation and proplatelet formation, was assessed by flow cytometry and microscopy in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood and cultured for 12 days in the presence of cytokines to induce ex vivo differentiation into megakaryocytes. Expression of an early marker of megakaryocyte differentiation, CD41, endocytosis of factor V, and the percentage of CD41+ cells that endocytosed factor V increased from days 6 to 12 of differentiation. In contrast, statistically significant decreases in expression of the stem cell marker, CD34, and in the percentage of CD34+ cells that endocytosed factor V were observed. A statistically significant increase in the expression of CD42b, a late marker of megakaryocyte differentiation, was also observed over time, such that by Day 12, all CD42b+ cells endocytosed factor V and expressed CD41. This endocytosed factor V was trafficked to proplatelet extensions and was localized in a punctate pattern in the cytoplasm consistent with its storage in α-granules. In conclusion, loss of CD34 and expression of CD42b define cells capable of factor V endocytosis and trafficking to proplatelet extensions during differentiation of megakaryocytes ex vivo from progenitor cells isolated from umbilical cord blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Gertz
- Department of Biochemistry, The Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kelley C McLean
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, The Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Beth A Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry, The Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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37
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Schurgers LJ, Akbulut AC, Kaczor DM, Halder M, Koenen RR, Kramann R. Initiation and Propagation of Vascular Calcification Is Regulated by a Concert of Platelet- and Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:36. [PMID: 29682509 PMCID: PMC5897433 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing population continues to suffer from its primary killer, cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite recent advances in interventional medicinal and surgical therapies towards the end of the 20th century, the epidemic of cardiovascular disease has not been halted. Yet, rather than receding globally, the burden of CVD has risen to become a top cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most CVD arises from thrombotic rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, the pathologic thickening of coronary and carotid artery segments and subsequent distal ischemia in heart or brain. In fact, one-fifth of deaths are directly attributable to thrombotic rupture of a vulnerable plaque. Atherosclerotic lesion formation is caused by a concert of interactions between circulating leukocytes and platelets, interacting with the endothelial barrier, signalling into the arterial wall by the release of cytokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Both platelet- and cell-derived EVs represent a novel mechanism of cellular communication, particularly by the transport and transfer of cargo and by reprogramming of the recipient cell. These interactions result in phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) causing migration and proliferation, and subsequent secretion of EVs. Loss of VSMCs attracts perivascular Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from the adventitia, which are a source of VSMCs and contribute to repair after vascular injury. However, continuous stress stimuli eventually switch phenotype of cells into osteochondrogenic VSMCs facilitating vascular calcification. Although Virchow’s triad is over 100 years old, it is a reality that is accurate today. It can be briefly summarised as changes in the composition of blood (platelet EVs), alterations in the vessel wall (VSMC phenotypic switching, MSC infiltration and EV release) and disruption of blood flow (atherothrombosis). In this paper, we review the latest relevant advances in the identification of extracellular vesicle pathways as well as VSMCs and pericyte/MSC phenotypic switching, underlying vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Asim C Akbulut
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dawid M Kaczor
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maurice Halder
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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38
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Abstract
Platelet granules are unique among secretory vesicles in both their content and their life cycle. Platelets contain three major granule types—dense granules, α-granules, and lysosomes—although other granule types have been reported. Dense granules and α-granules are the most well-studied and the most physiologically important. Platelet granules are formed in large, multilobulated cells, termed megakaryocytes, prior to transport into platelets. The biogenesis of dense granules and α-granules involves common but also distinct pathways. Both are formed from the
trans-Golgi network and early endosomes and mature in multivesicular bodies, but the formation of dense granules requires trafficking machinery different from that of α-granules. Following formation in the megakaryocyte body, both granule types are transported through and mature in long proplatelet extensions prior to the release of nascent platelets into the bloodstream. Granules remain stored in circulating platelets until platelet activation triggers the exocytosis of their contents. Soluble
N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, located on both the granules and target membranes, provide the mechanical energy that enables membrane fusion during both granulogenesis and exocytosis. The function of these core fusion engines is controlled by SNARE regulators, which direct the site, timing, and extent to which these SNAREs interact and consequently the resulting membrane fusion. In this review, we assess new developments in the study of platelet granules, from their generation to their exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Sharda
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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39
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although platelet endocytosis has been recognized in granule cargo loading and the trafficking of several platelet surface receptors, its acute physiological relevance is poorly understood as is its mechanism. The present review discusses the current understanding of platelet endocytosis and its implications for platelet function. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies are beginning to identify and define the proteins that mediate platelet endocytosis. These studies have shown that platelets contain different endosomal compartments and may use multiple endocytic routes to take in circulating molecules and surface proteins. The studies have also shown that platelet endocytosis is involved in several aspects of platelet function such as signaling, spreading, and granule cargo loading. SUMMARY Mechanistic studies of platelet endocytosis have shown it to be not only involved in granule cargo loading but also in various other platelet functions important for hemostasis and beyond.
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40
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Engberts KB, Seinen C, Geerts WJC, Heijnen HFG. Electron Tomography and Correlative Approaches in Platelet Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1812:55-79. [PMID: 30171572 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8585-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets play a central role in the arrest of bleeding and the development of thrombosis. Unraveling the complex processes of platelet biogenesis from megakaryocytes, platelet adhesion, aggregation, and secretory responses are important topics in the field of hemostasis and thrombosis. Analysis of the ultrastructural changes that occur during these processes is essential for understanding the rapid membrane dynamics and has contributed substantially to our present knowledge of platelet formation and functioning. Recent developments in real-time imaging, correlative light and electron microscopy imaging (CLEM), and 3D (cryo) electron microscopy and tomography offer exciting opportunities to improve studies of the platelet adhesive responses and secretion at the ultrastructural level in a close to native environment. In this chapter we discuss and illustrate cryo preparation techniques (high-pressure freezing, vitrification), correlative LM and EM workflows, and 3D cryo-electron tomography that we apply in our current research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasia B Engberts
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Seinen
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willie J C Geerts
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry F G Heijnen
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Cell Biology, Cell Microscopy Core, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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41
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Borst S, Sim X, Poncz M, French DL, Gadue P. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Megakaryocytes and Platelets for Disease Modeling and Future Clinical Applications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2007-2013. [PMID: 28982668 PMCID: PMC5675007 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, derived from megakaryocytes, are anucleate cytoplasmic discs that circulate in the blood stream and play major roles in hemostasis, inflammation, and vascular biology. Platelet transfusions are used in a variety of medical settings to prevent life-threatening thrombocytopenia because of cancer therapy, other causes of acquired or inherited thrombocytopenia, and trauma. Currently, platelets used for transfusion purposes are donor derived. However, there is a drive to generate nondonor sources of platelets to help supplement donor-derived platelets. Efforts have been made by many laboratories to generate in vitro platelets and optimize their production and quality. In vitro-derived platelets have the potential to be a safer, more uniform product, and genetic manipulation could allow for better treatment of patients who become refractory to donor-derived units. This review focuses on potential clinical applications of in vitro-derived megakaryocytes and platelets, current methods to generate and expand megakaryocytes from pluripotent stem cell sources, and the use of these cells for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Borst
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (S.B., X.S.), Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine (M.P.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.L.F., P.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics (S.B., X.S., D.L.F., P.G.) and Division of Hematology (M.P.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiuli Sim
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (S.B., X.S.), Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine (M.P.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.L.F., P.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics (S.B., X.S., D.L.F., P.G.) and Division of Hematology (M.P.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (S.B., X.S.), Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine (M.P.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.L.F., P.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics (S.B., X.S., D.L.F., P.G.) and Division of Hematology (M.P.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deborah L French
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (S.B., X.S.), Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine (M.P.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.L.F., P.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics (S.B., X.S., D.L.F., P.G.) and Division of Hematology (M.P.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul Gadue
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine (S.B., X.S.), Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine (M.P.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.L.F., P.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics (S.B., X.S., D.L.F., P.G.) and Division of Hematology (M.P.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA.
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Finkielstein CV, Capelluto DGS. Disabled-2: A modular scaffold protein with multifaceted functions in signaling. Bioessays 2017; 38 Suppl 1:S45-55. [PMID: 27417122 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201670907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disabled-2 (Dab2) is a multimodular scaffold protein with signaling roles in the domains of cell growth, trafficking, differentiation, and homeostasis. Emerging evidences place Dab2 as a novel modulator of cell-cell interaction; however, its mode of action has remained largely elusive. In this review, we highlight the relevance of Dab2 function in cell signaling and development and provide the most recent and comprehensive analysis of Dab2's action as a mediator of homotypical and heterotypical interactions. Accordingly, Dab-2 controls the extent of platelet aggregation through various motifs within its N-terminus. Dab2 interacts with the cytosolic tail of the integrin receptor blocking inside-out signaling, whereas extracellular Dab2 competes with fibrinogen for integrin αIIb β3 receptor binding and, thus, modulates outside-in signaling. An additional level of regulation results from Dab2's association with cell surface lipids, an event that defines the extent of cell-cell interactions. As a multifaceted regulator, Dab2 acts as a mediator of endocytosis through its association with the [FY]xNPx[YF] motifs of internalized cell surface receptors, phosphoinositides, and clathrin. Other emerging roles of Dab2 include its participation in developmental mechanisms required for tissue formation and in modulation of immune responses. This review highlights the various novel mechanisms by which Dab2 mediates an array of signaling events with vast physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla V Finkielstein
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Daniel G S Capelluto
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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43
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Cellubrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein-3-mediated endocytosis and trafficking regulate platelet functions. Blood 2017; 130:2872-2883. [PMID: 28931526 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-768176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is key to fibrinogen (Fg) uptake, trafficking of integrins (αIIbβ3, αvβ3), and purinergic receptors (P2Y1, P2Y12), and thus normal platelet function. However, the molecular machinery required and possible trafficking routes are still ill-defined. To further identify elements of the platelet endocytic machinery, we examined the role of a vesicle-residing, soluble N-ethylmaleimide factor attachment protein receptor (v-SNARE) called cellubrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein-3 (VAMP-3) in platelet function. Although not required for normal platelet exocytosis or hemostasis, VAMP-3-/- mice had less platelet-associated Fg, indicating a defect in Fg uptake/storage. Other granule markers were unaffected. Direct experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, showed that loss of VAMP-3 led to a robust defect in uptake/storage of Fg in platelets and cultured megakaryocytes. Uptake of the fluid-phase marker, dextran, was only modestly affected. Time-dependent uptake and endocytic trafficking of Fg and dextran were followed using 3-dimensional-structured illumination microscopy. Dextran uptake was rapid compared with Fg, but both cargoes progressed through Rab4+, Rab11+, and von Willebrand factor (VWF)+ compartments in wild-type platelets in a time-dependent manner. In VAMP-3-/- platelets, the 2 cargoes showed limited colocalization with Rab4, Rab11, or VWF. Loss of VAMP-3 also affected some acute platelet functions, causing enhanced spreading on Fg and fibronectin and faster clot retraction compared with wild-type. In addition, the rate of Janus kinase 2 phosphorylation, initiated through the thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR/Mpl) activation, was affected in VAMP-3-/- platelets. Collectively, our studies show that platelets are capable of a range of endocytosis steps, with VAMP-3 being pivotal in these processes.
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44
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Abstract
Platelet dense granules (DGs) are storage organelles for calcium ions, small organic molecules such as ADP and serotonin, and larger polyphosphates that are secreted upon platelet stimulation to enhance platelet activation, adhesion, and stabilization at sites of vascular damage. DGs are thought to fully mature within megakaryocytes (MKs) prior to platelet formation. Here we challenge this notion by exploiting vital fluorescent dyes to distinguish mildly acidic DGs from highly acidic compartments by microscopy in platelets and MKs. In isolated primary mouse platelets, compartments labeled by mepacrine - a fluorescent weak base that accumulates in DGs - are readily distinguishable from highly acidic compartments, likely lysosomes, that are labeled by the acidic pH indicator, LysoTracker, and from endolysosomes and alpha granules labeled by internalized and partially digested DQ™ BSA. By contrast, in murine fetal liver- and human CD34+ cell-derived MKs and the megakaryocytoid cell lines, MEG-01 and differentiated G1ME2, labeling by mepacrine overlapped nearly completely with labeling by LysoTracker and partially with labeling by DQ™ BSA. Mepacrine labeling in G1ME2-derived MKs was fully sensitive to proton ATPase inhibitors, but was only partially sensitive in platelets. These data indicate that mepacrine in MKs accumulates as a weak base in endolysosomes but is likely pumped into or retained in separate DGs in platelets. Fluorescent puncta that labeled uniquely for mepacrine were first evident in G1ME2-derived proplatelets, suggesting that DGs undergo a maturation step that initiates in the final stages of MK differentiation.
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45
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Zhang Q, Liu H, Zhu Q, Zhan P, Zhu S, Zhang J, Lv T, Song Y. Patterns and functional implications of platelets upon tumor "education". Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 90:68-80. [PMID: 28754316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While platelets are traditionally recognized to play a predominant role in hemostasis and thrombosis, increasing evidence verifies its involvement in malignancies. As a component of the tumor microenvironment, platelets influence carcinogenesis, tumor metastasis and chemotherapy efficiency. Platelets status is thus predictable as a hematological biomarker of cancer prognosis and a hot target for therapeutic intervention. On the other hand, the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as an inducer of platelet activation and aggregation has been well acknowledged. The cross-talk between platelets and CTCs is reciprocal on that the CTCs activate platelets while platelets contribute to CTCs' survival and dissemination. This review covers some of the current issues related to the loop between platelets and tumor aggression, including the manners of tumor cells in "educating" platelets and biofunctional alterations of platelets upon tumor "education". We also highlight the potential clinical applications on the interplay between tumors and platelets. Further studies with well-designed prospective multicenter trials may contribute to clinical "liquid biopsy" diagnosis by evaluating the global changes of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hongda Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Suhua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jianya Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
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46
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Sabrkhany S, Kuijpers MJ, van Kuijk SM, Sanders L, Pineda S, Olde Damink SW, Dingemans AMC, Griffioen AW, oude Egbrink MG. A combination of platelet features allows detection of early-stage cancer. Eur J Cancer 2017; 80:5-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Yadav S, Storrie B. The cellular basis of platelet secretion: Emerging structure/function relationships. Platelets 2017; 28:108-118. [PMID: 28010140 PMCID: PMC5627609 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1257786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation has long been known to be accompanied by secretion from at least three types of compartments. These include dense granules, the major source of small molecules; α-granules, the major protein storage organelle; and lysosomes, the site of acid hydrolase storage. Despite ~60 years of research, there are still many unanswered questions about the cell biology of platelet secretion: for example, how are these secretory organelles organized to support cargo release and what are the key routes of cargo release, granule to plasma membrane or granule to canalicular system. Moreover, in recent years, increasing evidence points to the platelet being organized for secretion of the contents from other organelles, namely the dense tubular system (endoplasmic reticulum) and the Golgi apparatus. Conceivably, protein secretion is a widespread property of the platelet and its organelles. In this review, we concentrate on the cell biology of the α-granule and its structure/function relationships. We both review the literature and discuss the wide array of 3-dimensional, high-resolution structural approaches that have emerged in the last few years. These have begun to reveal new and unanticipated outcomes and some of these are discussed. We are hopeful that the next several years will bring rapid advances to this field that will resolve past controversies and be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Yadav
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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48
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Chen CH, Lo RW, Urban D, Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. α-granule biogenesis: from disease to discovery. Platelets 2017; 28:147-154. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1280599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard W. Lo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denisa Urban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fred G. Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter H. A. Kahr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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49
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Borrione P, Fagnani F, Di Gianfrancesco A, Mancini A, Pigozzi F, Pitsiladis Y. The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Muscle Healing. Curr Sports Med Rep 2017; 16:459-463. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Pienimaeki‐Roemer A, Konovalova T, Musri MM, Sigruener A, Boettcher A, Meister G, Schmitz G. Transcriptomic profiling of platelet senescence and platelet extracellular vesicles. Transfusion 2016; 57:144-156. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Konovalova
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg
| | - Melina M. Musri
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of RegensburgRegensburg Germany
| | - Alexander Sigruener
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg
| | - Alfred Boettcher
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg
| | - Gunter Meister
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of RegensburgRegensburg Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg
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