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Bhat V, Sheehan VA. Can we use biomarkers to identify those at risk of acute pain from sickle cell disease? Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:411-418. [PMID: 38949576 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2372322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute pain episodes, also known as vaso-occlusive crises (VOC), are a major symptom of sickle cell disease (SCD) and lead to frequent hospitalizations. The diagnosis of VOC can be challenging, particularly in adults with SCD, 50% of whom have chronic pain. Several potential biomarkers have been proposed for identifying individuals with VOC, including elevation above the baseline of various vascular growth factors, cytokines, and other markers of inflammation. However, none have been validated to date. AREAS COVERED We summarize prospective biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute pain in SCD, and how they may be involved in the pathophysiology of a VOC. Previous and current strategies for biomarker discovery, including the use of omics techniques, are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Implementing a multi-omics-based approach will facilitate the discovery of objective and validated biomarkers for acute pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Bhat
- Center for Integrative Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vivien A Sheehan
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Allison RL, Welby E, Ehlers V, Burand A, Isaeva O, Nieves Torres D, Highland J, Brandow AM, Stucky CL, Ebert AD. Sickle cell disease iPSC-derived sensory neurons exhibit increased excitability and sensitization to patient plasma. Blood 2024; 143:2037-2052. [PMID: 38427938 PMCID: PMC11143522 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience severe recurrent acute and chronic pain. Challenges to gaining mechanistic insight into pathogenic SCD pain processes include differential gene expression and function of sensory neurons between humans and mice with SCD, and extremely limited availability of neuronal tissues from patients with SCD. Here, we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), derived from patients with SCD, differentiated into sensory neurons (SCD iSNs) to begin to overcome these challenges. We characterize key gene expression and function of SCD iSNs to establish a model to investigate intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may contribute to SCD pain. Despite similarities in receptor gene expression, SCD iSNs show pronounced excitability using patch clamp electrophysiology. Furthermore, we find that plasma taken from patients with SCD during acute pain associated with a vaso-occlusive event increases the calcium responses to the nociceptive stimulus capsaicin in SCD iSNs compared with those treated with paired plasma from patients with SCD at steady state baseline or healthy control plasma samples. We identified high levels of the polyamine spermine in baseline and acute pain states of plasma from patients with SCD, which sensitizes SCD iSNs to subthreshold concentrations of capsaicin. Together, these data identify potential intrinsic mechanisms within SCD iSNs that may extend beyond a blood-based pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly L. Allison
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Emily Welby
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Vanessa Ehlers
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Anthony Burand
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Olena Isaeva
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Damaris Nieves Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Janelle Highland
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Amanda M. Brandow
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Cheryl L. Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Allison D. Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Rosa Teixeira-Alves L, Guimarães-Nobre CC, Mendonça-Reis E, Miranda-Alves L, Berto-Junior C. Bosentan attenuates sickle cell disease erythrocyte HbS polymerization and impaired deformability induced by endothelin-1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:642-651. [PMID: 36821840 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on erythrocytes from sickle cell disease (SCD) patients have been described, but mechanisms of ET-1 regarding primary erythrocyte functions remain unknown. ET-1 is a vasoconstrictor peptide produced by endothelial cells, and the expression of ET-1 is increased in SCD. The present study used ex vivo experiments with sickle cell erythrocytes, ET-1, and bosentan, a dual antagonist of ETA and ETB receptors. We performed a hemoglobin S (HbS) polymerization assay with three concentrations of ET-1 (1, 20, and 50 pg/mL) and bosentan (100 nmol/L). ET-1 increased HbS polymerization at all concentrations, and this effect was suppressed by bosentan. For the deformability assay, red blood cells (RBCs) were incubated on a Sephacryl column with the same concentrations of ET-1 and bosentan. ET-1 decreased deformability, and this effect was reversed by bosentan. To observe erythrocyte adhesion, ET-1 and bosentan were incubated with RBCs in thrombospondin-coated 96-well plate, which demonstrated that ET-1 decreased adhesion but that bosentan enhanced adhesion. We also assessed erythrocyte apoptosis and observed decreased eryptosis induced by ET-1, and these effects were inhibited bosentan. Thus, these findings demonstrated that ET-1 modulates HbS polymerization, erythrocyte deformability, adhesion to thrombospondin, and eryptosis, and these effects were suppressed or enhanced by bosentan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyzes Rosa Teixeira-Alves
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide-GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Guimarães-Nobre
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide-GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Mendonça-Reis
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide-GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clemilson Berto-Junior
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia Eritróide-GPFisEri, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Brazil
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Rivera A, Vega C, Ramos-Rivera A, Maldonado ER, Prado GN, Karnes HE, Fesko YA, Snyder LM, Alper SL, Romero JR. Blockade of the mineralocorticoid receptor improves markers of human endothelial cell dysfunction and hematological indices in a mouse model of sickle cell disease. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23092. [PMID: 37482902 PMCID: PMC10372847 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300671r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and transgenic mouse models of SCD contribute to disordered hematological, vascular, and inflammatory responses. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation by aldosterone, a critical component of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System, modulates inflammation and vascular reactivity, partly through increased ET-1 expression. However, the role of MR in SCD remains unclear. We hypothesized that MR blockade in transgenic SCD mice would reduce ET-1 levels, improve hematological parameters, and reduce inflammation. Berkeley SCD (BERK) mice, a model of severe SCD, were randomized to either sickle standard chow or chow containing the MR antagonist (MRA), eplerenone (156 mg/Kg), for 14 days. We found that MRA treatment reduced ET-1 plasma levels (p = .04), improved red cell density gradient profile (D50 ; p < .002), and increased mean corpuscular volume in both erythrocytes (p < .02) and reticulocytes (p < .024). MRA treatment also reduced the activity of the erythroid intermediate-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channel - KCa 3.1 (Gardos channel, KCNN4), reduced cardiac levels of mRNAs encoding ET-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-1, and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) (p < .01), and decreased plasma PDI and myeloperoxidase activity. Aldosterone (10-8 M for 24 h in vitro) also increased PDI mRNA levels (p < .01) and activity (p < .003) in EA.hy926 human endothelial cells, in a manner blocked by pre-incubation with the MRA canrenoic acid (1 μM; p < .001). Our results suggest a novel role for MR activation in SCD that may exacerbate SCD pathophysiology and clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rivera
- Division of Nephrology, Vascular Biology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher Vega
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Arelys Ramos-Rivera
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Enrique R. Maldonado
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory N. Prado
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Seth L. Alper
- Division of Nephrology, Vascular Biology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose R. Romero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Ehlers VL, Sadler KE, Stucky CL. Peripheral transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 hypersensitivity contributes to chronic sickle cell disease pain. Pain 2023; 164:1874-1886. [PMID: 36897169 PMCID: PMC10363186 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Debilitating pain affects the lives of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Current pain treatment for patients with SCD fail to completely resolve acute or chronic SCD pain. Previous research indicates that the cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) mediates peripheral hypersensitivity in various inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions that may share similar pathophysiology with SCD, but this channel's role in chronic SCD pain remains unknown. Thus, the current experiments examined whether TRPV4 regulates hyperalgesia in transgenic mouse models of SCD. Acute blockade of TRPV4 alleviated evoked behavioral hypersensitivity to punctate, but not dynamic, mechanical stimuli in mice with SCD. TRPV4 blockade also reduced the mechanical sensitivity of small, but not large, dorsal root ganglia neurons from mice with SCD. Furthermore, keratinocytes from mice with SCD showed sensitized TRPV4-dependent calcium responses. These results shed new light on the role of TRPV4 in SCD chronic pain and are the first to suggest a role for epidermal keratinocytes in the heightened sensitivity observed in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Ehlers
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Knisely MR, Yang Q, Stauffer N, Kenney M, Ashley-Koch A, Myers J, Walker JKL, Tanabe PJ, Shah NR. Evaluating Associations between Average Pain Intensity and Genetic Variation in People with Sickle Cell Disease: An Exploratory Study. Pain Manag Nurs 2023; 24:12-18. [PMID: 36096903 PMCID: PMC9925395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is one of the most common and deleterious symptoms experienced by individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). There is a paucity of studies identifying potential genetic mechanisms of pain in this population. AIM Examine associations between 11 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in 9 candidate genes with reports of average pain intensity in individuals with sickle cell disease. METHOD Cross-sectional analyses were performed on data and blood samples collected through the Duke SCD Implementation Consortium Registry. Participants were asked to rate their pain "on the average" using an 11-point numeric rating scale (0 = no pain; 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine). We genotyped 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 9 pain-related genes using TaqMan® Genotyping Assays. Associations between each polymorphism and reports of average pain were evaluated. RESULTS The 86 participants (mean age: 28.7 years; 64% female) included in this study reported moderate pain on average (Mean = 4, Standard Deviation = 2.4). ICAM1 rs1799969 was the only genetic polymorphism that was significantly associated with pain (p = .01). Individuals with one or more minor alleles had lower average pain (Mean = 1.25, Standard Deviation = 1.50) than individuals without a minor allele (Mean = 4.13, Standard Deviation = 2.25). The effect size for ICAM1 rs1799969 was 1.30, which is considered large. The effect sizes for all other single nucleotide polymorphisms ranged from small to medium (range: 0-0.3). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide preliminary evidence that the minor allele in ICAM1 rs1799969 had protective effects against experiencing more severe pain in sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Yang
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nic Stauffer
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Martha Kenney
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John Myers
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Paula J Tanabe
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nirmish R Shah
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Allison RL, Burand A, Torres DN, Brandow AM, Stucky CL, Ebert AD. Sickle cell disease patient plasma sensitizes iPSC-derived sensory neurons from sickle cell disease patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523446. [PMID: 36711992 PMCID: PMC9882050 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience severe recurrent acute and chronic pain. In order to develop novel therapies, it is necessary to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying SCD pain. There are many barriers to gaining mechanistic insight into pathogenic SCD pain processes, such as differential gene expression and function of sensory neurons between humans and mice with SCD, as well as the limited availability of patient samples. These can be overcome by utilizing SCD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiated into sensory neurons (SCD iSNs). Here, we characterize the key gene expression and function of SCD iSNs to establish a model for higher-throughput investigation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may contribute to increased SCD patient pain. Importantly, identified roles for C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) and endothelin 1 (ET1) in SCD pain can be recapitulated in SCD iSNs. Further, we find that plasma taken from SCD patients during acute pain increases SCD iSN calcium response to the nociceptive stimulus capsaicin compared to those treated with paired SCD patient plasma at baseline or healthy control plasma samples. Together, these data provide the framework necessary to utilize iSNs as a powerful tool to investigate the neurobiology of SCD and identify potential intrinsic mechanisms of SCD pain which may extend beyond a blood-based pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly L. Allison
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Anthony Burand
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Damaris Nieves Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Amanda M. Brandow
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Cheryl L. Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Allison D. Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Inostroza-Nieves Y, Rivera A, Romero JR. Blockade of endothelin-1 receptor B regulates molecules of the major histocompatibility complex in sickle cell disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124269. [PMID: 36926339 PMCID: PMC10011151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules have been proposed to play a role in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) pathophysiology. Endothelial cells express MHC molecules following exposure to cytokines. SCD is characterized, in part, by vascular endothelial cell activation, increased oxidative stress, sickle cell adhesion, and excess levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributing to vaso-occlusive crises. ET-1 activates endothelial cells, induces oxidative stress and inflammation, and alters erythrocyte volume homeostasis. However, the role of ET-1 on MHC regulation in SCD is unclear. We first studied two sickle transgenic knockout mouse models of moderate to severe disease phenotype, βS-Antilles and Berkeley (BERK) mice. We observed significant increases in H2-Aa mRNA levels in spleens, lungs, and kidneys from transgenic sickle mice when compared to transgenic knockout mice expressing human hemoglobin A (HbA). Mice treated for 14 days with ET-1 receptor antagonists significantly reduced H2-Aa mRNA levels. We characterized the effect of ET-1 on MHC class II expression in the human endothelial cell line EA.hy926. We observed dose-dependent increases in the expression of MHC class II (HLA-DRA) and MHC transcription factor (CIITA) that were significantly blocked by treatment with BQ788, a selective blocker of ET-1 type B receptors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies in EA.hy926 cells showed that ET-1 increased Histone H3 acetylation of the HLA-DRA promoter, an event blocked by BQ788 treatment. These results implicate ET-1 as a novel regulator of MHC class II molecules and suggest that ET-1 receptor blockade represents a promising therapeutic approach to regulate both immune and vascular responses in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaritza Inostroza-Nieves
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Alicia Rivera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José R Romero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Romero JR, Inostroza‐Nieves Y, Pulido‐Perez P, Lopez P, Wohlgemuth JG, Dlott JS, Snyder LM, Alper SL, Rivera A. Magnesium homeostasis in deoxygenated sickle erythrocytes is modulated by endothelin-1 via Na + /Mg 2+ exchange. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22638. [PMID: 36331552 PMCID: PMC9703344 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201339r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Painful crises in sickle cell disease (SCD) are associated with increased plasma cytokines levels, including endothelin-1 (ET-1). Reduced red cell magnesium content, mediated in part by increased Na+ /Mg2+ exchanger (NME) activity, contributes to erythrocyte K+ loss, dehydration and sickling in SCD. However, the relationship between ET-1 and the NME in SCD has remained unexamined. We observed increased NME activity in sickle red cells incubated in the presence of 500 nM ET-1. Deoxygenation of sickle red cells, in contrast, led to decreased red cell NME activity and cellular dehydration that was reversed by the NME inhibitor, imipramine. Increased NME activity in sickle red cells was significantly blocked by pre-incubation with 100 nM BQ788, a selective blocker of ET-1 type B receptors. These results suggest an important role for ET-1 and for cellular magnesium homeostasis in SCD. Consistent with these results, we observed increased NME activity in sickle red cells of three mouse models of sickle cell disease greater than that in red cells of C57BL/J6 mice. In vivo treatment of BERK sickle transgenic mice with ET-1 receptor antagonists reduced red cell NME activity. Our results suggest that ET-1 receptor blockade may be a promising therapeutic approach to control erythrocyte volume and magnesium homeostasis in SCD and may thus attenuate or retard the associated chronic inflammatory and vascular complications of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Romero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yaritza Inostroza‐Nieves
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologySan Juan Bautista School of MedicineCaguasPuerto RicoUSA
| | - Patricia Pulido‐Perez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pablo Lopez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | | | - Seth L. Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alicia Rivera
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Pahi MH, Abdul-Majid AH, Fahd S, Gilal AR, Talpur BA, Waqas A, Anwar T. Leadership Style and Employees' Commitment to Service Quality: An Analysis of the Mediation Pathway via Knowledge Sharing. Front Psychol 2022; 13:926779. [PMID: 36172229 PMCID: PMC9512044 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little attention has been given to understanding the commitment to service quality and desirable outcomes in the hotel industry. This study investigates the impact of directive and participative leadership on the frontline commitment to service quality through the mediation of knowledge sharing. This will eventually help us to generate the employees' commitment to service quality (CSQ) desirable behavior. The survey was distributed to 37 hotels. A total of 235 frontline employees participated in the survey. The study findings show that directive leadership has a negative relationship with CSQ. On the other hand, participative leadership positively influences CSQ. Notably, knowledge sharing mediates between directive leadership, participative leadership, and commitment to service quality. There were positive linkages between commitment to service quality and desirable outcomes, job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and negative relation to turnover intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munwar Hussain Pahi
- School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia
- PAFKIET, Karachi, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Munwar Hussain Pahi
| | - Abdul-Halim Abdul-Majid
- School of Business Management and Institute of Zakat Research & Innovation (IPIZ) Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia
- Abdul-Halim Abdul-Majid
| | - Samar Fahd
- Department of Applied Psychology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman Gilal
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Bandeh Ali Talpur
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ahmad Waqas
- Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Toni Anwar
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
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11
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Khan MI, Patel N, Meda RT, Nuguru SP, Rachakonda S, Sripathi S. Sickle Cell Disease and Its Respiratory Complications. Cureus 2022; 14:e28528. [PMID: 36185937 PMCID: PMC9517690 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hematological disorder that is inherited in an autosomal recessive (AR) fashion. It is caused by mutations in the genes encoding for the globin apoprotein of hemoglobin (Hb), leading to diminished oxygen-carrying ability. Its pathophysiologic mechanism affects multiple organ systems, making it crucial to understand the complications of SCD and find the best ways to prevent and treat them. Some important ways that SCD manifests in the respiratory system are acute chest syndrome (ACS), pulmonary hypertension (PH), asthma, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). This article summarizes their salient features, including pathogenesis related to the adverse outcomes, screening practices, and management guidelines, with the intent to provide greater insight into forming better practices that increase the quality of life in SCD patients.
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12
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Reduced blood pressure in sickle cell disease is associated with decreased angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and is not modulated by ACE inhibition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263424. [PMID: 35113975 PMCID: PMC8812860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) incurs vaso-occlusive episodes and organ damage, including nephropathy. Despite displaying characteristics of vascular dysfunction, SCD patients tend to present relatively lower systemic blood pressure (BP), via an unknown mechanism. We investigated associations between BP and renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) components in SCD and determined whether an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE; often used to slow SCD glomerulopathy) further modulates BP and RAS components in a murine model of SCD. Methods BP was compared in human subjects and mice with/without SCD. Plasma angiotensin II, ACE and renin were measured by immunoassay. BP was reevaluated after treating mice with enalapril (25 mg/kg, 5x/week) for 5 weeks; plasma and organs were stored for angiotensin II and ACE activity measurement, and quantitative real-time PCR. Results Diastolic BP and systolic BP were significantly lower in patients and mice with SCD, respectively, compared to controls. Reduced BP was associated with increased plasma renin and markers of kidney damage (mice) in SCD, as well as significantly decreased plasma ACE concentrations and ACE enzyme activity. As expected, enalapril administration lowered BP, plasma angiotensin II and organ ACE activity in control mice. In contrast, enalapril did not further reduce BP or organ ACE activity in SCD mice; however, plasma angiotensin II and renin levels were found to be significantly higher in enalapril-treated SCD mice than those of treated control mice. Conclusion Relative hypotension was confirmed in a murine model of SCD, in association with decreased ACE concentrations in both human and murine disease. Given that ACE inhibition has an accepted role in decreasing BP, further studies should investigate mechanisms by which ACE depletion, via both Ang II-dependent and alternative pathways, could contribute to reduce BP in SCD and understand how ACE inhibition confers Ang II-independent benefits on kidney function in SCD.
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13
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Charbe NB, Castillo F, Tambuwala MM, Prasher P, Chellappan DK, Carreño A, Satija S, Singh SK, Gulati M, Dua K, González-Aramundiz JV, Zacconi FC. A new era in oxygen therapeutics? From perfluorocarbon systems to haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Blood Rev 2022; 54:100927. [PMID: 35094845 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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14
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Knisely MR, Tanabe PJ, Walker JKL, Yang Q, Shah NR. Severe Persistent Pain and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Sickle Cell Disease: An Exploratory Study. Biol Res Nurs 2022; 24:24-30. [PMID: 34189962 PMCID: PMC9248289 DOI: 10.1177/10998004211027220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe pain is among the most common and deleterious symptoms experienced by individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), of whom more than 50% report chronic pain. Despite this, the understanding of the biological contributors to persistent severe SCD pain is limited. This exploratory study sought to describe pain phenotypes based on frequency of severe pain experienced over 6 months and identify inflammatory biomarkers associated with pain phenotypes among individuals with SCD. METHODS This study used self-report and electronic health record data collected from 74 individuals enrolled in the Duke Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium Registry. Plasma from previously collected blood specimens was used to generate inflammatory biomarker data using the Inflammation 20-plex ProcartaPlexTM panel. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the occurrence of severe pain over the past 6 months, and bi-variate analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and pain phenotypes. RESULTS Among the 74 participants included in this study, 33.8% reported severe pain occurring never or rarely, 40.5% reported severe pain occurring sometimes, and 25.7% reported severe pain occurring often or always. Soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) was the only inflammatory biomarker significantly associated with the pain phenotype groups (p = 0.049). Post hoc comparisons identified that participants in the often/always severe pain group had significantly higher plasma concentrations of sE-selectin compared to those in the sometimes severe pain group (p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide preliminary evidence of the frequent occurrence of severe pain and that sE-selectin may be an objective biomarker for the frequent occurrence of severe pain in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qing Yang
- Duke University School of Nursing,
Durham, NC, USA
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15
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de Azevedo JTC, Costa TCDM, Lima KC, Maciel TT, Palma PVB, Darrigo-Júnior LG, Setanni Grecco CE, Stracieri ABPL, Elias JB, Pieroni F, Guerino-Cunha RL, Pinto ACS, De Santis GC, Covas DT, Hermine O, Simões BP, Oliveira MC, Malmegrim KCR. Long-Term Effects of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on Systemic Inflammation in Sickle Cell Disease Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:774442. [PMID: 34956203 PMCID: PMC8696202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.774442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only currently available curative treatment for sickle cell disease (SCD). However, the effects of HSCT on SCD pathophysiology are poorly elucidated. Here, we assessed red blood cell (RBC) adhesiveness, intensity of hemolysis, vascular tone markers and systemic inflammation, in SCD patients treated with allogeneic HSCT. Thirty-two SCD patients were evaluated before and on long-term follow-up after HSCT. Overall survival was 94% with no severe (grade III-IV) graft-vs-host disease and a 22% rejection rate (graft failure). Hematological parameters, reticulocyte counts, and levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), endothelin-1 and VCAM-1 normalized in SCD patients post-HSCT. Expression of adhesion molecules on reticulocytes and RBC was lower in patients with sustained engraftment. Levels of IL-18, IL-15 and LDH were higher in patients that developed graft failure. Increased levels of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly TNF-α, were found in SCD patients long-term after transplantation. SCD patients with sustained engraftment after allo-HSCT showed decreased reticulocyte counts and adhesiveness, diminished hemolysis, and lower levels of vascular tonus markers. Nevertheless, systemic inflammation persists for at least five years after transplantation, indicating that allo-HSCT does not equally affect all aspects of SCD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Teixeira Cottas de Azevedo
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology of the Ribeirão Preto Medicinal School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thalita Cristina de Mello Costa
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Keli Cristina Lima
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Trovati Maciel
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1163, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Equipe de Recherche Labellisée (ERL) 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité et Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Patrícia Vianna Bonini Palma
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Darrigo-Júnior
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Beatriz P L Stracieri
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bernardes Elias
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Pieroni
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renato Luiz Guerino-Cunha
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Silva Pinto
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gil Cunha De Santis
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1163, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Equipe de Recherche Labellisée (ERL) 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité et Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Belinda Pinto Simões
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Oliveira
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kelen Cristina Ribeiro Malmegrim
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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16
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Hebbel RP, Vercellotti GM. Multiple inducers of endothelial NOS (eNOS) dysfunction in sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:1505-1517. [PMID: 34331722 PMCID: PMC9292023 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A characteristic aspect of the robust, systemic inflammatory state in sickle cell disease is dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We identify 10 aberrant endothelial cell inputs, present in the specific sickle context, that are known to have the ability to cause eNOS dysfunction. These are: endothelial arginase depletion, asymmetric dimethylarginine, complement activation, endothelial glycocalyx degradation, free fatty acids, inflammatory mediators, microparticles, oxidized low density lipoproteins, reactive oxygen species, and Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling ligands. The effect of true eNOS dysfunction on clinical testing using flow‐mediated dilation can be simulated by two known examples of endothelial dysfunction mimicry (hemoglobin consumption of NO; and oxidation of smooth muscle cell soluble guanylate cyclase). This lends ambiguity to interpretation of such clinical testing. The presence of these multiple perturbing factors argues that a therapeutic approach targeting only a single injurious endothelial input (or either example of mimicry) would not be sufficiently efficacious. This would seem to argue for identifying therapeutics that directly protect eNOS function or application of multiple therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Hebbel
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology‐Transplantation, Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Gregory M. Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology‐Transplantation, Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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17
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Sagi V, Mittal A, Tran H, Gupta K. Pain in sickle cell disease: current and potential translational therapies. Transl Res 2021; 234:141-158. [PMID: 33711512 PMCID: PMC8217144 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a major comorbidity of sickle cell disease (SCD). Patients with SCD may suffer from both acute and chronic pain. Acute pain is caused by recurrent and unpredictable episodes of vaso-occlusive crises (VOC), whereas the exact etiology of chronic pain is still unknown. Opioids are the mainstay for pain treatment, but the opioid epidemic has significantly altered access to prescription opioids and has brought concerns over their long-term use into the forefront, which have negatively impacted the treatment of sickle pain. Opioids remain potent analgesics but growing opioid-phobia has led to the realization of an unmet need to develop nonopioid therapies that can provide relief for severe sickle pain. This realization has contributed to the approval of 3 different drugs by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of SCD, particularly to reduce VOC and/or have an impact on the pathobiology of SCD. In this review, we outline the challenges and need for validation of side-effects of opioids and provide an update on the development of mechanism-based translational therapies, specifically targeting pain in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sagi
- School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aditya Mittal
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Huy Tran
- School of Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, Missouri
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine and Southern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California.
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18
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Sange I, Cherukuri PB, Parchuri V, Srinivas N, Ramanan SP, Sange AH, Modi S, Khot FA. Sickle Cell Disease and the Respiratory System: A Tangential Perspective to the Hematopulmonological Dilemma. Cureus 2021; 13:e15562. [PMID: 34277185 PMCID: PMC8271619 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetically inherited hematological condition that predominantly affects the African-American subset of the population. It leads to the precipitation of multi-systematic manifestations throughout the course of the life of the patient leading to an increased rate of inpatient admissions and decreased quality of life. This article has reviewed some of the most common pulmonary complications of SCD with a brief overview of the clinical features and their management and has also highlighted the fatality of the complications placing a strong focus on screening, monitoring, and the treatment of the disease. The article has also discussed the management of SCD from a pulmonological perspective rather than hematological alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sange
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Research, K. J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, IND
| | | | | | - Natasha Srinivas
- Research, B.G.S. Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, IND
| | - Sruthi Priyavadhana Ramanan
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, California, USA.,Medicine/Surgery, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Srimy Modi
- Research, K. J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, IND
| | - Farhat A Khot
- Research, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research (MIMER) Medical College, Pune, IND
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19
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Nader E, Conran N, Romana M, Connes P. Vasculopathy in Sickle Cell Disease: From Red Blood Cell Sickling to Vascular Dysfunction. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1785-1803. [PMID: 33792905 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary disorder that leads to the production of an abnormal hemoglobin, hemoglobin S (HbS). HbS polymerizes in deoxygenated conditions, which can prompt red blood cell (RBC) sickling and leaves the RBCs more rigid, fragile, and prone to hemolysis. SCD patients suffer from a plethora of complications, ranging from acute complications, such as characteristic, frequent, and debilitating vaso-occlusive episodes to chronic organ damage. While RBC sickling is the primary event at the origin of vaso-occlusive processes, other factors that can further increase RBC transit times in the microcirculation may also be required to precipitate vaso-occlusive processes. The adhesion of RBC and leukocytes to activated endothelium and the formation of heterocellular aggregates, as well as increased blood viscosity, are among the mechanisms involved in slowing the progress of RBCs in deoxygenated vascular areas, favoring RBC sickling and promoting vascular occlusion. Chronic inflammatory processes and oxidative stress, which are perpetuated by hemolytic events and ischemia-reperfusion injury, result in this pan cellular activation and some acute events, such as stroke and acute chest syndrome, as well as chronic end-organ damage. Furthermore, impaired vasodilation and vasomotor hyperresponsiveness in SCD also contribute to vaso-occlusive processes. Treating SCD as a vascular disease in addition to its hematological perspective, the present article looks at the interplay between abnormal RBC physiology/integrity, vascular dysfunction and clinical severity in SCD, and discusses existing therapies and novel drugs in development that may ameliorate vascular complications in the disease. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1785-1803, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Conran
- Hematology Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Marc Romana
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Pointe-à-Pitre, France.,Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
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20
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Figueiredo CVB, Santiago RP, da Guarda CC, Oliveira RM, Fiuza LM, Yahouédéhou SCMA, Carvalho SP, Neres JSDS, Oliveira AMDJ, Fonseca CA, Nascimento VML, Lyra IM, Aleluia MM, Goncalves MS. Priapism in sickle cell disease: Associations between NOS3 and EDN1 genetic polymorphisms and laboratory biomarkers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246067. [PMID: 33539452 PMCID: PMC7861393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Priapism is a urologic emergency characterized by an uncontrolled, persistent and painful erection in the absence of sexual stimulation, which can lead to penile fibrosis and impotence. It is highly frequent in sickle cell disease (SCD) associated with hemolytic episodes. Our aim was to investigate molecules that may participate in the regulation of vascular tone. Eighty eight individuals with SCD were included, of whom thirty-seven reported a history of priapism. Priapism was found to be associated with alterations in laboratory biomarkers, as well as lower levels of HbF. Patients with sickle cell anemia using hydroxyurea and those who received blood products seemed to be less affected by priapism. Multivariate analysis suggested that low HbF and NOm were independently associated with priapism. The frequency of polymorphisms in genes NOS3 and EDN1 was not statistically significant between the studied groups, and the presence of the variant allele was not associated with alterations in NOm and ET-1 levels in patients with SCD. The presence of the variant allele in the polymorphisms investigated did not reveal any influence on the occurrence priapism. Future studies involving larger samples, as well as investigations including patients in priapism crisis, could contribute to an enhanced understanding of the development of priapism in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camylla Vilas Boas Figueiredo
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Rayra Pereira Santiago
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Caroline Conceição da Guarda
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Mota Oliveira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Luciana Magalhães Fiuza
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - Suéllen Pinheiro Carvalho
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Joelma Santana dos Santos Neres
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Isa Menezes Lyra
- Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - Marilda Souza Goncalves
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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21
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Gbotosho OT, Kapetanaki MG, Kato GJ. The Worst Things in Life are Free: The Role of Free Heme in Sickle Cell Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:561917. [PMID: 33584641 PMCID: PMC7873693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis is a pathological feature of several diseases of diverse etiology such as hereditary anemias, malaria, and sepsis. A major complication of hemolysis involves the release of large quantities of hemoglobin into the blood circulation and the subsequent generation of harmful metabolites like labile heme. Protective mechanisms like haptoglobin-hemoglobin and hemopexin-heme binding, and heme oxygenase-1 enzymatic degradation of heme limit the toxicity of the hemolysis-related molecules. The capacity of these protective systems is exceeded in hemolytic diseases, resulting in high residual levels of hemolysis products in the circulation, which pose a great oxidative and proinflammatory risk. Sickle cell disease (SCD) features a prominent hemolytic anemia which impacts the phenotypic variability and disease severity. Not only is circulating heme a potent oxidative molecule, but it can act as an erythrocytic danger-associated molecular pattern (eDAMP) molecule which contributes to a proinflammatory state, promoting sickle complications such as vaso-occlusion and acute lung injury. Exposure to extracellular heme in SCD can also augment the expression of placental growth factor (PlGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), with important consequences to enthothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion and pulmonary hypertension, and potentially the development of renal and cardiac dysfunction. This review focuses on heme-induced mechanisms that are implicated in disease pathways, mainly in SCD. A special emphasis is given to heme-induced PlGF and IL-6 related mechanisms and their role in SCD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwabukola T. Gbotosho
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Maria G. Kapetanaki
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gregory J. Kato
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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22
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Chadebech P, de Ménorval MA, Bodivit G, Jouard A, Pakdaman S, Lelong F, Habibi A, Galactéros F, Lecron JC, Pirenne F. Cytokine changes in sickle-cell disease patients as markers predictive of the onset of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. Cytokine 2020; 136:155259. [PMID: 32920319 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in cytokine production are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of sickle-cell disease (SCD), particularly in painful acute complications (crises) and episodes of post-transfusion hemolysis. Little is known about cytokine profiles in patients with these complications. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated possible associations between cytokine profile and the onset of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTRs), particularly during acute-phase episodes, to improve characterization of the biological parameters predictive of such events. We included SCD patients with severe acute symptoms (n = 36) or steady-state disease (n = 31), both possibly leading to a DHTR (n = 18) event. Luminex® technology was used to determine the plasma concentrations of 23 cytokines. RESULTS Regardless of clinical context, the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, inducible protein-10, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β were higher in plasma samples from SCD patients than in those from healthy controls. IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were even higher in acute-phase plasma samples from SCD patients. In addition, IL-27 and TNFα levels were higher, and IL-6 and RANTES levels were lower in acute-phase SCD patients just before the onset of DHTR than in patients experiencing painful occlusive episodes. CONCLUSION In addition to reporting the plasma cytokine profiles of SCD patients in various clinical phases of the disease, we provide the first evidence of a significant association between low plasma TNFα concentration, high plasma IP-10 concentration and the onset of DHTR in SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Chadebech
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France; Inserm U955 Equipe 2 « Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge », Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France; Laboratoire d'excellence GR-Ex, F75739 Paris, France.
| | - Marie-Amélie de Ménorval
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France; Inserm U955 Equipe 2 « Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge », Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France
| | - Gwellaouen Bodivit
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France; Inserm U955 Equipe 2 « Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge », Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France; Laboratoire d'excellence GR-Ex, F75739 Paris, France
| | - Alicia Jouard
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France; Inserm U955 Equipe 2 « Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge », Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France; Laboratoire d'excellence GR-Ex, F75739 Paris, France
| | - Sadaf Pakdaman
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France; Inserm U955 Equipe 2 « Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge », Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France; Laboratoire d'excellence GR-Ex, F75739 Paris, France
| | - Francoise Lelong
- Laboratoire d'analyses en Immuno-Hématologie et Immunologie, AP-HP, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Créteil, France
| | - Anoosha Habibi
- Centre de Référence des Syndromes Drépanocytaires Majeurs, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Galactéros
- Inserm U955 Equipe 2 « Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge », Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France; Laboratoire d'excellence GR-Ex, F75739 Paris, France; Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Drépanocytaires Majeurs, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Jean Claude Lecron
- Université de Poitiers, UPRES EA4331, Laboratoire « Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines », CHU de Poitiers et Pôle Biologie Santé, Poitiers, France
| | - France Pirenne
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Île-de-France, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France; Inserm U955 Equipe 2 « Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge », Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France; Laboratoire d'excellence GR-Ex, F75739 Paris, France; Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.
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Biochemical and therapeutic effects of Omega-3 fatty acids in sickle cell disease. Complement Ther Med 2020; 52:102482. [PMID: 32951732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hematologic disorder with complex pathophysiology that includes chronic hemolysis, vaso-occlusion and inflammation. Increased leukocyte-erythrocyte-endothelial interactions, due to upregulated expression of adhesion molecules and activated endothelium, are thought to play a primary role in initiation and progression of SCD vaso-occlusive crisis and end-organ damage. Several new pathophysiology-based therapeutic options for SCD are being developed, chiefly targeting the inflammatory pathways. Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that are known to have effects on diverse physiological processes. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the principal biologically active omega-3 fatty acids. The therapeutic effects of DHA and EPA on chronic inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular diseases are well recognized. The therapeutic effects of omega-3 fatty acids are attributed to their anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic eicosanoids, and the novel class of EPA and DHA derived lipid mediators: resolvins, protectins and maresins. Blood cell membranes of patients with SCD have abnormal fatty acids composition characterized by high ratio of pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid (AA) to anti-inflammatory DHA and EPA (high omega-6/omega-3 ratio). In addition, experimental and clinical studies provide evidence that treatment with DHA does confer improvement in rheological properties of sickle RBC, inflammation and hemolysis. The clinical studies have shown improvements in VOC rate, markers of inflammation, adhesion, and hemolysis. In toto, the results of studies on the therapeutic effects of omega-3 fatty acids in SCD provide good body of evidence that omega-3 fatty acids could be a safe and effective treatment for SCD.
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Sagi V, Argueta DA, Kiven S, Gupta K. Integrative approaches to treating pain in sickle cell disease: Pre-clinical and clinical evidence. Complement Ther Med 2020; 51:102394. [PMID: 32507420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder characterized by hemolysis, end-organ damage, inflammation, and pain. Recurrent and unpredictable episodes of acute pain due to vaso-occlusive crises are a unique feature of SCD. Many patients also develop lifelong chronic pain. Opioids are the primary method of pain treatment in SCD; however, continued use is associated with several adverse effects. Integrative approaches to treating pain in SCD are increasingly being explored to prevent the side effects associated with opioids. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of pain in SCD and describe mechanism-based integrative approaches for treating pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sagi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine and Southern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Stacy Kiven
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine and Southern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine and Southern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, United States.
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Takaoka K, Cyril AC, Jinesh S, Radhakrishnan R. Mechanisms of pain in sickle cell disease. Br J Pain 2020; 15:213-220. [PMID: 34055342 DOI: 10.1177/2049463720920682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD) is acute and chronic pain, and the pain dominates the clinical characteristics of SCD patients. Although pharmacological treatments of SCD targeting the disease mechanisms have been improved, many SCD patients suffer from pain. To overcome the pain of the disease, there have been renewed requirements to understand the novel molecular mechanisms of the pain in SCD. Methods We concisely summarized the molecular mechanisms of SCD-related acute and chronic pain, focusing on potential drug targets to treat pain. Results Acute pain of SCD is caused by vaso-occulusive crisis (VOC), impaired oxygen supply or infarction-reperfusion tissue injuries. In VOC, inflammatory cytokines include tryptase activate nociceptors and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1. In tissue injury, the secondary inflammatory response is triggered and causes further tissue injuries. Tissue injury generates cytokines and pain mediators including bradykinin, and they activate nociceptive afferent nerves and trigger pain. The main causes of chronic pain are from extended hyperalgesia after a VOC and central sensitization. Neuropathic pain could be due to central or peripheral nerve injury, and protein kinase C might be associated with the pain. In central sensitization, neuroplasticity in the brain and the activation of glial cells may be related with the pain. Discussion In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms of SCD-related acute and chronic pain. The novel treatments targeting the disease mechanisms would interrupt complications of SCD and reduce the pain of the SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Takaoka
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Asha Caroline Cyril
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Rajan Radhakrishnan
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
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Darbari DS, Sheehan VA, Ballas SK. The vaso-occlusive pain crisis in sickle cell disease: Definition, pathophysiology, and management. Eur J Haematol 2020; 105:237-246. [PMID: 32301178 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of a vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) are critical to the management of patients with sickle cell disease. It is essential to differentiate between VOC-associated pain and chronic pain, hyperalgesia, neuropathy, and neuropathic pain. The pathophysiology of VOCs includes polymerization of abnormal sickle hemoglobin, inflammation, and adhesion. Hydroxyurea, L-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxelotor have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for reducing the frequency of VOCs; the European Medicines Agency has approved only hydroxyurea. Other novel treatments are in late-stage clinical development in both the United States and the European Union. The development of agents for prevention and treatment of VOCs should be driven by our understanding of its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika S Darbari
- Division of Hematology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vivien A Sheehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samir K Ballas
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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de Azevedo JTC, Malmegrim KCR. Immune mechanisms involved in sickle cell disease pathogenesis: current knowledge and perspectives. Immunol Lett 2020; 224:1-11. [PMID: 32437728 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a single point mutation in the β-chain of the hemoglobin gene that results in the replacement of glutamic acid with valine in the hemoglobin protein. However, recent studies have demonstrated that alterations in several other genes, especially immune related genes, may be associated with complications of SCD. In fact, higher chronic inflammatory status is related to more severe clinical symptoms in SCD patients, suggesting crucial roles of the immune system in SCD physiopathology. Nevertheless, although participation of innate immune cells in SCD pathogenesis has been broadly and extensively described, little is known about the roles of the adaptive immune system in this disease. In addition, the influence of treatments on the immune system of SCD patients and their complications (such as alloimmunization) are not yet completely understood. Thus, we reviewed the current knowledge about the immune mechanisms involved in SCD pathogenesis. We suggest recommendations for future studies to allow for a broader understanding of SCD pathogenesis, helping in the development of new therapies and improvement in the life quality and expectancy of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Teixeira Cottas de Azevedo
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kelen Cristina Ribeiro Malmegrim
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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28
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Samarasinghe AE, Rosch JW. Convergence of Inflammatory Pathways in Allergic Asthma and Sickle Cell Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3058. [PMID: 32038616 PMCID: PMC6992560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying pathologies of sickle cell disease and asthma share many characteristics in terms of respiratory inflammation. The principal mechanisms of pulmonary inflammation are largely distinct, but activation of common pathways downstream of the initial inflammatory triggers may lead to exacerbation of both disease states. The altered inflammatory landscape of these respiratory pathologies can differentially impact respiratory pathogen susceptibility in patients with sickle cell disease and asthma. How these two distinct diseases behave in a comorbid setting can further exacerbate pulmonary complications associated with both disease states and impact susceptibility to respiratory infection. This review will provide a concise overview of how asthma distinctly affects individuals with sickle cell disease and how pulmonary physiology and inflammation are impacted during comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amali E Samarasinghe
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Microbiology Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jason W Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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30
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Du S, Lin C, Tao YX. Updated mechanisms underlying sickle cell disease-associated pain. Neurosci Lett 2019; 712:134471. [PMID: 31505241 PMCID: PMC6815235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common severe genetic diseases around the world. A majority of SCD patients experience intense pain, leading to hospitalization, and poor quality of life. Opioids form the bedrock of pain management, but their long-term use is associated with severe side effects including hyperalgesia, tolerance and addiction. Recently, excellent research has shown some new potential mechanisms that underlie SCD-associated pain. This review focused on how transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, endothelin-1/endothelin type A receptor, and cannabinoid receptors contributed to the pathophysiology of SCD-associated pain. Understanding these mechanisms may open a new avenue in managing SCD-associated pain and improving quality of life for SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Corinna Lin
- Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Abstract
Introduction: Acute pain from episodic vaso-occlusion (VOC) spans the lifespan of almost everyone with sickle cell disease (SCD), while additional chronic pain develops in susceptible individuals in early adolescences. Frequent acute pain with chronic pain causes significant physical and psychological morbidity, and frequent health-care utilization. Available pharmacologic therapies reduce acute pain frequency but few evidence-based therapies are available for chronic pain. Areas covered: An extensive PubMed literature search was performed with appropriate search criteria. The pathophysiology of acute pain from VOC in SCD is very complex with many events subsequent to sickle polymer formation. Sensitization of pain pathways and alterations of brain networks contributes to the experience of chronic pain. Numerous therapies targeting putative VOC mechanisms are in clinical trials, and show considerable promise. Alternative analgesic treatments for acute and chronic pain have been examined in small patient cohorts, but formal clinical trials are lacking. Expert opinion: Childhood is likely a critical window for prevention of acute and later chronic pain. New multimodal analgesic therapies are needed, particularly for chronic pain, and should be examined in clinical trials. Given the multifactorial nature of both pain and VOC, simultaneously targeting multiple mechanisms may be the optimal approach for effective preventive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlton Dampier
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta , Atlanta , GA , USA
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Impact of ET-1 and sex in glomerular hyperfiltration in humanized sickle cell mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1475-1486. [PMID: 31273050 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperfiltration, highly prevalent early in sickle cell disease (SCD), is in part driven by an increase in ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf). The increase in Kf may be due to enlarged filtration surface area and/or increased glomerular permeability (Palb). Previous studies have demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to Palb changes in models of diabetes and SCD. Thus, we performed longitudinal studies of renal function to determine the relationship between ET-1 and glomerular size and Palb that may contribute to hyperfiltration in humanized sickle cell (HbSS) and control (HbAA) mice at 8-32 weeks of age. HbSS mice were characterized by significant increases in plasma and glomerular ET-1 expression in both sexes although this increase was significantly greater in males. HbSS glomeruli of both males and females presented with a progressive and significant increase in glomerular size, volume, and Kf During the onset of hyperfiltration, plasma and glomerular ET-1 expression were associated with a greater increase in glomerular size and Kf in HbSS mice, regardless of sex. The pattern of Palb augmentation during the hyperfiltration was also associated with an increase in glomerular ET-1 expression, in both male and female HbSS mice. However, the increase in Palb was significantly greater in males and delayed in time in females. Additionally, selective endothelin A receptor (ETA) antagonist prevented hyperfiltration in HbSS, regardless of sex. These results suggest that marked sex disparity in glomerular hyperfiltration may be driven, in part, by ET-1-dependent ultra-structural changes in filtration barrier components contributing to glomerular hyperfiltration in HbSS mice.
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Allali S, Dietrich C, Machavoine F, Rignault-Bricard R, Brousse V, de Montalembert M, Hermine O, Maciel TT, Leite-de-Moraes M. Innate-like T cells in children with sickle cell disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219047. [PMID: 31251783 PMCID: PMC6599217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The implication of lymphocytes in sickle cell disease pathogenesis is supported by a number of recent reports. These studies provided evidence for the activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in adult patients, but did not investigate the involvement of other innate-like T cell subsets so far. Methods Here we present a monocentric prospective observational study evaluating the number and functional properties of both circulating conventional and innate-like T cells, namely iNKT, Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) and gammadelta (γδ) T cells in a cohort of 39 children with sickle cell disease. Results Relative to age-matched healthy controls, we found that patients had a higher frequency of IL-13- and IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells, as well as higher MAIT cell counts with an increased frequency of IL-17-producing MAIT cells. Patients also presented increased Vδ2 γδ T cell counts, especially during vaso-occlusive crisis, and a lower frequency of IFNγ-producing Vδ2 γδ T cells, except during crisis. iNKT cell counts and the frequency of IFNγ-producing iNKT cells were unchanged compared to controls. Our study revealed positive correlations between 1) the frequency of IFNγ-producing CD4+, CD8+ and Vδ2 γδ T cells and the number of hospitalizations for vaso-occlusive crisis in the previous year; 2) the frequency of IFNγ-producing iNKT cells and patients’ age and 3) the frequency of IL-17-producing Vδ2 γδ T cells and hemoglobin S level. Conclusion These results strongly suggest a role of innate-like T cells in sickle cell disease pathophysiology, especially that of IL-17-producing MAIT and γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimane Allali
- Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (SA); (MLM)
| | - Céline Dietrich
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, Institut Necker-Enfants malades, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8253, Inserm UMR 1151, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - François Machavoine
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, Institut Necker-Enfants malades, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8253, Inserm UMR 1151, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Rignault-Bricard
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, Institut Necker-Enfants malades, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8253, Inserm UMR 1151, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Brousse
- Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Mariane de Montalembert
- Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thiago Trovati Maciel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Inserm U1163, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Maria Leite-de-Moraes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, Institut Necker-Enfants malades, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 8253, Inserm UMR 1151, Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (SA); (MLM)
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Leonard A, Bonifacino A, Dominical VM, Luo M, Haro‐Mora JJ, Demirci S, Uchida N, Pierciey FJ, Tisdale JF. Bone marrow characterization in sickle cell disease: inflammation and stress erythropoiesis lead to suboptimal CD34 recovery. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:286-299. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Leonard
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch NHLBI/NIDDK National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders Children's National Health System Washington DC USA
| | | | - Venina M. Dominical
- NHLBI Flow Cytometry Core Facility National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Min Luo
- bluebird bio, Inc. Cambridge MA USA
| | - Juan J. Haro‐Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch NHLBI/NIDDK National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch NHLBI/NIDDK National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch NHLBI/NIDDK National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | | | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch NHLBI/NIDDK National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
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Sensitization of nociceptors by prostaglandin E 2-glycerol contributes to hyperalgesia in mice with sickle cell disease. Blood 2019; 133:1989-1998. [PMID: 30796025 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-884346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a characteristic feature of sickle cell disease (SCD), 1 of the most common inherited diseases. Patients may experience acute painful crises as well as chronic pain. In the Berkley transgenic murine model of SCD, HbSS-BERK mice express only human hemoglobin S. These mice share many features of SCD patients, including persistent inflammation and hyperalgesia. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is elevated in skin, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and spinal cord in HbSS-BERK mice. In addition to arachidonic acid, COX-2 oxidizes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-glycerol (PGE2-G); PGE2-G is known to produce hyperalgesia. We tested the hypotheses that PGE2-G is increased in DRGs of HbSS-BERK mice and sensitizes nociceptors (sensory neurons that respond to noxious stimuli), and that blocking its synthesis would decrease hyperalgesia in HbSS-BERK mice. Systemic administration of R-flurbiprofen preferentially reduced production of PGE2-G over that of PGE2 in DRGs, decreased mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, and decreased sensitization of nociceptors in HbSS-BERK mice. The same dose of R-flurbiprofen had no behavioral effect in HbAA-BERK mice (the transgenic control), but local injection of PGE2-G into the hind paw of HbAA-BERK mice produced sensitization of nociceptors and hyperalgesia. Coadministration of a P2Y6 receptor antagonist blocked the effect of PGE2-G, indicating that this receptor is a mediator of pain in SCD. The ability of R-flurbiprofen to block the synthesis of PGE2-G and to normalize levels of 2-AG suggests that R-flurbiprofen may be beneficial to treat pain in SCD, thereby reducing the use of opioids to relieve pain.
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Sagi V, Mittal A, Gupta M, Gupta K. Immune cell neural interactions and their contributions to sickle cell disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 699:167-171. [PMID: 30738871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by hemolysis, inflammation, and pain. Mechanisms of pain manifestation are complex, and there is a major gap in knowledge of how the nervous and immune systems interact to contribute to pain and other comorbidities in SCD. Sterile inflammation in the periphery and central nervous system contributes to vascular and neural activation. Cellular and soluble mediators create an inflammatory and neuroinflammatory microenvironment contributing to neurogenic inflammation and acute and chronic pain. In this review we highlight relevant neuro-immune interactions that contribute to the pathobiology of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sagi
- Vascular Biology Center, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Aditya Mittal
- Vascular Biology Center, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mihir Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Vascular Biology Center, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Taylor C, Kasztan M, Tao B, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. Combined hydroxyurea and ET A receptor blockade reduces renal injury in the humanized sickle cell mouse. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13178. [PMID: 30144292 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study is to determine if ambrisentan (ETA selective antagonist) and hydroxyurea (HU) treatment has a synergistic effect on renal injury in sickle cell nephropathy when compared to HU treatment alone. The premise of the study is based on recent studies showing that endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to the pathophysiology of nephropathy in sickle cell disease (SCD) and that ETA receptor blockade improves renal function and protects against renal injury. Hydroxyurea (HU) is commonly prescribed for the treatment of SCD and has been shown to reduce renal injury in patients with SCD. METHODS Male 12-week-old humanized sickle mice (HbSS) and their genetic controls (HbAA) were treated with vehicle, HU, ambrisentan, or HU with ambrisentan for 2 weeks and renal structure and function were assessed. RESULTS Vehicle treated HbSS mice exhibited significant proteinuria compared to vehicle treated HbAA mice. HbSS mice also displayed significantly elevated plasma ET-1 concentrations and decreased urine osmolality compared to HbAA controls. Proteinuria was significantly lower in both HU and ambrisentan treated animals compared to vehicle treated HbSS mice; however, there was no additional improvement in HbSS mice treated with combined ambrisentan and HU. The combination of HU and ambrisentan resulted in significantly lower KIM-1 excretion, glomerular injury, and interstitial inflammation than HU alone. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that HU and ETA receptor blockade produce similar reductions in renal injury in the humanized sickle mouse suggesting that both treatments may converge on the same mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Taylor
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine; Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama
| | - Malgorzata Kasztan
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine; Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama
| | - Binli Tao
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine; Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama
| | - Jennifer S. Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine; Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama
| | - David M. Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine; Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama
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Ramos-Machado V, Ladeia AM, dos Santos Teixeira R, da Anunciação Ferreira T, Terse-Ramos R. Sleep disorders and endothelial dysfunction in children with sickle cell anemia. Sleep Med 2019; 53:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Uaprasert N, Satitthummanid S, Akkawat B, Sutcharitchan P, Rojnuckarin P. Vascular and hemostatic alterations associated with pulmonary hypertension in β-thalassemia hemoglobin E patients receiving regular transfusion and iron chelation. Thromb Res 2018; 174:104-112. [PMID: 30584959 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the commonest cardiac complication in β-thalassemia intermedia, including β-thalassemia/hemoglobin E (β-thal/HbE), and is strongly associated with splenectomy. We aimed to define the prevalence and comprehensively explore mechanisms of PH in β-thal/HbE patients receiving regular transfusion and iron chelation, which were reported to alleviate PH. MATERIALS AND METHODS β-Thal/HbE patients receiving regular transfusion and iron chelation over one year were enrolled. Patients at risk for PH were defined by tricuspid-regurgitant-jet-velocity (TRV) ≥ 2.5 m/s. Laboratory and echocardiographic variables were compared with healthy controls. RESULTS There were 68 β-thal/HbE, including 31 (45.6%) splenectomized patients, and 38 controls included for analysis. PH was detected in 29 β-thal/HbE (42.6%). β-Thal/HbE with PH had a significant reduction in nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) but elevations in thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) values compared to those without PH (all, p < 0.05). TRV was significantly correlated with NOx, TAT, sTM, ET-1 and FMD values (r = -0.514, r = 0.281, r = 0.313, r = 0.245 and r = -0.474; all p < 0.05). Erythropoietic activity, serum ferritin, circulating total tissue factor (TF) antigen, microparticle-associated TF activity, microparticle's procoagulant activity and soluble p-selectin levels were not different between PH and non-PH subgroups. Notably, there were no significant associations between splenectomy and PH. CONCLUSIONS PH remains prevalent in β-thal/HbE patients receiving long-term transfusion and iron chelation. PH is not associated with splenectomy status but correlated with NO depletion, TF-independent hypercoagulability and endothelial perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppacharn Uaprasert
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Sudarat Satitthummanid
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Cardiac Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Benjaporn Akkawat
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pranee Sutcharitchan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ponlapat Rojnuckarin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Fort R, Monneret G, Venet F, Hot A. L’expression diminuée de HLA-DR monocytaire comme indicateur d’immunodépression chez les patients drépanocytaires en crise. Rev Med Interne 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.10.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sadler KE, Stucky CL. Neuronal transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and noxious sensory detection in sickle cell disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 694:184-191. [PMID: 30508569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pain is the leading cause for hospitalization in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). While the characteristics of SCD pain can vary widely between patients and between phases of the disease (e.g. vasoocclusive crisis pain vs. chronic pain), similar neuronal mechanisms likely underlie the various aspects of nociceptive processing. In the peripheral nervous system, small unmyelinated C fibers and lightly-myelinated Aδ fibers detect and transmit noxious stimuli. Both classes of neurons express members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family, a group of ligand gated ion-channels that are activated by thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. Promiscuous TRP channel family members are activated by a wide range of stimuli, many of which are dysregulated in patients with SCD and transgenic SCD mouse models. In 2011, our lab published the first report of TRP channel contributions to rodent SCD pain. Since that time, additional basic and clinical research efforts have investigated the genetic and biochemical status of TRP channels in SCD, placing particular focus on TRPV1. This review will discuss these advances and highlight the clinical SCD presentations that have not yet been studied, but which may be mediated by TRP channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn E Sadler
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - Cheryl L Stucky
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Antwi-Boasiako C, Dzudzor B, Kudzi W, Doku A, Dale CA, Sey F, Otu KH, Boatemaa GD, Ekem I, Ahenkorah J, Achel DG, Aboagye ET, Donkor ES. Association between eNOS Gene Polymorphism (T786C and VNTR) and Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Ghana. Diseases 2018; 6:E90. [PMID: 30274269 PMCID: PMC6313677 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) variants have been found to be associated with several vascular disorders as well as the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease (SCD) complications such as vaso-occlusive crises (VOC). Studies on eNOS gene variants among SCD patients are rare in Ghana and several other African countries. The current study aimed to determine a possible association between variants of the eNOS gene (variable number of tandem repeats in intron 4 and T786C) in SCD complications among Ghanaian patients. This was a cross-sectional study involving 89 HbSS patients with complications and 46 HbSS patients without complications. Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes in the buffy coat and separated from collected whole blood samples of the study participants. PCR amplification, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to genotype T786C (rs2070744) variants. Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in intron 4 was genotyped by PCR and direct electrophoresis. There was a significant difference in the genotype frequency of the T786C variant between HbSS patients with complications and those without complications (p = 0.0165). However, there was no significant difference in the VNTR intron 4 variant of the eNOS gene between patients with complications and those without complications (p > 0.05). The study shows an association between the eNOS gene variant (T786C) and complications in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Antwi-Boasiako
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra +233, Ghana.
| | - Bartholomew Dzudzor
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra +233, Ghana.
| | - William Kudzi
- Centre for Tropical Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra +233, Ghana.
| | - Alfred Doku
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra +233, Ghana.
| | - Campbell Andrew Dale
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders Children's National Medical Center George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Fredericka Sey
- Center for Clinical Genetics, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra +233, Ghana.
| | - Kate Hgar Otu
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Greenhills School of Health Sciences, Accra +233, Ghana.
| | - Gifty Dankwah Boatemaa
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra +233, Ghana.
| | - Ivy Ekem
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast +233, Ghana.
| | - John Ahenkorah
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra +233, Ghana.
| | - Daniel Gyingiri Achel
- Applied Radiation Biology Center, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra +233, Ghana.
| | - Elvis Twumasi Aboagye
- Centre for Tropical Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra +233, Ghana.
| | - Eric S Donkor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra +233, Ghana.
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De A, Manwani D, Rastogi D. Airway inflammation in sickle cell disease-A translational perspective. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:400-411. [PMID: 29314737 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and sickle cell disease (SCD) are common chronic conditions in children of African ancestry that are characterized by cough, wheeze, and obstructive patterns on pulmonary function. Pulmonary function testing in children with SCD has estimated a prevalence of obstructive lung disease ranging from 13% to 57%, and airway hyper-responsiveness of up to 77%, independent of a diagnosis of asthma. Asthma co-existing with SCD is associated with increased risk of acute chest syndrome (ACS), respiratory symptoms, pain episodes, and death. However, there are inherent differences in the pathophysiology of SCD and asthma. While classic allergic asthma in the general population is associated with a T-helper 2 cell (Th-2 cells) pattern of cell inflammation, increased IgE levels and often positive allergy testing, inflammation in SCD is associated with different inflammatory pathways, involving neutrophilic and monocytic pathways, which have been explored to a limited extent in mouse models and with a dearth of human studies. The current review summarizes the existent literature on sickle cell related airway inflammation and its cross roads with allergic asthma-related inflammation, and discusses the importance of further elucidating and understanding these common and divergent inflammatory pathways in human studies to facilitate development of targeted therapy for children with SCD and pulmonary morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliva De
- Division of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Division of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Khaleel M, Puliyel M, Shah P, Sunwoo J, Kato RM, Chalacheva P, Thuptimdang W, Detterich J, Wood JC, Tsao J, Zeltzer L, Sposto R, Khoo MCK, Coates TD. Individuals with sickle cell disease have a significantly greater vasoconstriction response to thermal pain than controls and have significant vasoconstriction in response to anticipation of pain. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:1137-1145. [PMID: 28707371 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The painful vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) that characterize sickle cell disease (SCD) progress over hours from the asymptomatic steady-state. SCD patients report that VOC can be triggered by stress, cold exposure, and, pain itself. We anticipated that pain could cause neural-mediated vasoconstriction, decreasing regional blood flow and promoting entrapment of sickle cells in the microvasculature. Therefore, we measured microvascular blood flow in the fingers of both hands using plethysmography and laser-Doppler flowmetry while applying a series of painful thermal stimuli on the right forearm in 23 SCD patients and 25 controls. Heat pain applied to one arm caused bilateral decrease in microvascular perfusion. The vasoconstriction response started before administration of the thermal pain stimulus in all subjects, suggesting that pain anticipation also causes significant vasoconstriction. The time delay between thermal pain application and global vasoconstriction ranged from 5 to 15.5 seconds and increased with age (P < .01). Although subjective measures, pain threshold and pain tolerance were not different between SCD subjects and controls, but the vaso-reactivity index characterizing the microvascular blood flow response to painful stimuli was significantly higher in SCD patients (P = .0028). This global vasoconstriction increases microvascular transit time, and may promote entrapment of sickle cells in the microvasculature, making vaso-occlusion more likely. The rapidity of the global vasoconstriction response indicates a neural origin that may play a part in the transition from steady-state to VOC, and may also contribute to the variability in VOC frequency observed in SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Khaleel
- Section of Hematology; Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles California
| | - Mammen Puliyel
- Section of Hematology; Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles California
| | - Payal Shah
- Section of Hematology; Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles California
| | - John Sunwoo
- Biomedical engineering; Viterbi School of Engineering; Los Angeles California
| | - Roberta M. Kato
- Division of Pulmonology; Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles California
| | | | - Wanwara Thuptimdang
- Biomedical engineering; Viterbi School of Engineering; Los Angeles California
| | - Jon Detterich
- Division of Cardiology; Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles California
| | - John C. Wood
- Biomedical engineering; Viterbi School of Engineering; Los Angeles California
- Division of Cardiology; Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles California
| | - Jennie Tsao
- Pediatric Pain Program, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Lonnie Zeltzer
- Pediatric Pain Program, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Richard Sposto
- Section of Hematology; Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles California
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| | - Michael C. K. Khoo
- Biomedical engineering; Viterbi School of Engineering; Los Angeles California
| | - Thomas D. Coates
- Section of Hematology; Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles California
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Placenta growth factor mediated gene regulation in sickle cell disease. Blood Rev 2017; 32:61-70. [PMID: 28823762 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the β-globin gene. Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a complication of SCA, results in severe morbidity and mortality. PH is a multifactorial disease: systemic vasculopathy, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and endothelial dysfunction and remodeling. Placenta growth factor (PlGF), an angiogenic growth factor, elaborated from erythroid cells, has been shown to contribute to inflammation, pulmonary vasoconstriction and airway hyper-responsiveness (AH) in mouse models of sickle cell disease. In this review, we summarize the cell-signaling mechanism(s) by which PlGF regulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation, PH and AH in cell culture and corroborate these findings in mouse models of SCA and in individuals with SCA. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the post-transcriptional regulation of these genes is presented and how these miRNAs located in their host genes are transcriptionally regulated. An understanding of the transcriptional regulation of these miRNAs provides a new therapeutic approach to ameliorate the clinical manifestations of SCA.
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Kang BY, Park K, Kleinhenz JM, Murphy TC, Sutliff RL, Archer D, Hart CM. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Regulates the V-Ets Avian Erythroblastosis Virus E26 Oncogene Homolog 1/microRNA-27a Axis to Reduce Endothelin-1 and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Sickle Cell Mouse Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:131-144. [PMID: 27612006 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0166oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a serious complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), causes significant morbidity and mortality. Although a recent study determined that hemin release during hemolysis triggers endothelial dysfunction in SCD, the pathogenesis of SCD-PH remains incompletely defined. This study examines peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) regulation in SCD-PH and endothelial dysfunction. PH and right ventricular hypertrophy were studied in Townes humanized sickle cell (SS) and littermate control (AA) mice. In parallel studies, SS or AA mice were gavaged with the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (RSG), 10 mg/kg/day, or vehicle for 10 days. In vitro, human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were treated with vehicle or hemin for 72 hours, and selected HPAECs were treated with RSG. SS mice developed PH and right ventricular hypertrophy associated with reduced lung levels of PPARγ and increased levels of microRNA-27a (miR-27a), v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and markers of endothelial dysfunction (platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 and E selectin). HPAECs treated with hemin had increased ETS1, miR-27a, ET-1, and endothelial dysfunction and decreased PPARγ levels. These derangements were attenuated by ETS1 knockdown, inhibition of miR-27a, or PPARγ overexpression. In SS mouse lung or in hemin-treated HPAECs, activation of PPARγ with RSG attenuated reductions in PPARγ and increases in miR-27a, ET-1, and markers of endothelial dysfunction. In SCD-PH pathogenesis, ETS1 stimulates increases in miR-27a levels that reduce PPARγ and increase ET-1 and endothelial dysfunction. PPARγ activation attenuated SCD-associated signaling derangements, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach to attenuate SCD-PH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Yong Kang
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Kathy Park
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Jennifer M Kleinhenz
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Tamara C Murphy
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - David Archer
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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Genome-wide association study to identify variants associated with acute severe vaso-occlusive pain in sickle cell anemia. Blood 2017; 130:686-688. [PMID: 28584135 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-769661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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48
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Khorshied MM, Mohamed NS, Hamza RS, Ali RM, El-Ghamrawy MK. Protein Z and Endothelin-1 genetic polymorphisms in pediatric Egyptian sickle cell disease patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28548215 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disease associated with multisystem morbidity. Vasculopathy caused by delicate imbalance between coagulation and endothelial systems plays a pivotal role in disease course. As Protein Z and Endothelin-1 genetic polymorphisms may increase the thrombotic risk, the aim of the current work was to verify the possible impact of Protein Z (PROZ G79A) and Endothelin-1 (EDN1 G5665T) polymorphisms on the clinic-laboratory features of the SCD in a cohort of Egyptian pediatric patients. METHODS Genotyping of Protein Z G79A and Endothelin-1 G5665T was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay for 100 SCD patients and 100 controls. RESULTS Protein -Z G79A polymorphism was not associated with vascular complications in the studied SCD patients. Endothelin-1 G5665T polymorphism was associated with pulmonary dysfunction (pulmonary artery hypertension and acute chest syndrome) and severe vaso-occlusive crises (VOC). CONCLUSION Endothelin-1 G5665T polymorphism could be considered as a molecular predictor for pulmonary dysfunction and severe VOC in SCD. Further researches with larger cohorts are recommended to understand the pathophysiology of SCD and to explain the inter-patients' variability of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat M Khorshied
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nohair S Mohamed
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania S Hamza
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Ali
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona K El-Ghamrawy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Depleted nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 levels are correlated with endothelial dysfunction in β-thalassemia/HbE patients. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:366-374. [PMID: 28474291 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of vascular disorders in β-thalassemia/HbE patients remain poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to determine the presence of endothelial dysfunction and its association with altered vascular mediators in this population. Forty-three β-thalassemia/HbE patients without clinically documented vascular symptoms and 43 age-sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) before and after administration of nitroglycerine (NTG). β-Thalassemia/HbE patients showed a significant endothelial dysfunction using FMD. The percentage change in the brachial artery diameter before NTG was significantly lower in the thalassemia group compared to the control (5.0 ± 5.9 vs. 9.0 ± 4.0%, p < 0.01) while no significant differences after NTG (18.4 ± 8.3 vs. 17.8 ± 6.3%, p = 0.71). Plasma nitric oxide metabolites (NO x ) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were significantly decreased in β-thalassemia/HbE (117.2 ± 27.3 vs. 135.8 ± 11.3 µmol/L, p < 0.01) and (701.9 ± 676.0 vs. 1374.7 ± 716.5 pg/mL, p < 0.01), respectively, while a significant elevation in soluble thrombomodulin levels in β-thalassemia/HbE (3587.7 ± 1310.0 vs. 3093.9 ± 583.8 pg/mL, p = 0.028). NO x and PGE2 levels were significantly correlated with FMD (r = 0.27, p = 0.025) and (r = 0.35, p = 0.003), respectively. These findings suggest roles for endothelial mediators and a new mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction in β-thalassemia/HbE patients.
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Kasztan M, Fox BM, Speed JS, De Miguel C, Gohar EY, Townes TM, Kutlar A, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. Long-Term Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonism Provides Robust Renal Protection in Humanized Sickle Cell Disease Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2443-2458. [PMID: 28348063 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016070711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD)-associated nephropathy is a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients because of the lack of efficacious treatments targeting renal manifestations of the disease. Here, we describe a long-term treatment strategy with the selective endothelin-A receptor (ETA) antagonist, ambrisentan, designed to interfere with the development of nephropathy in a humanized mouse model of SCD. Ambrisentan preserved GFR at the level of nondisease controls and prevented the development of proteinuria, albuminuria, and nephrinuria. Microscopy studies demonstrated prevention of podocyte loss and structural alterations, the absence of vascular congestion, and attenuation of glomerulosclerosis in treated mice. Studies in isolated glomeruli showed that treatment reduced inflammation and oxidative stress. At the level of renal tubules, ambrisentan treatment prevented the increased excretion of urinary tubular injury biomarkers. Additionally, the treatment strategy prevented tubular brush border loss, diminished tubular iron deposition, blocked the development of interstitial fibrosis, and prevented immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, the prevention of albuminuria in treated mice was associated with preservation of cortical megalin expression. In a separate series of identical experiments, combined ETA and ETB receptor antagonism provided only some of the protection observed with ambrisentan, highlighting the importance of exclusively targeting the ETA receptor in SCD. Our results demonstrate that ambrisentan treatment provides robust protection from diverse renal pathologies in SCD mice, and suggest that long-term ETA receptor antagonism may provide a strategy for the prevention of renal complications of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon M Fox
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Joshua S Speed
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Carmen De Miguel
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Eman Y Gohar
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Tim M Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | | | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David M Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, and .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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