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Viode A, Smolen KK, van Zalm P, Stevenson D, Jha M, Parker K, Levy O, Steen JA, Steen H. Longitudinal plasma proteomic analysis of 1117 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 identifies features associated with severity and outcomes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl5762. [PMID: 38787940 PMCID: PMC11122669 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl5762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by highly heterogeneous manifestations ranging from asymptomatic cases to death for still incompletely understood reasons. As part of the IMmunoPhenotyping Assessment in a COVID-19 Cohort study, we mapped the plasma proteomes of 1117 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from 15 hospitals across the United States. Up to six samples were collected within ~28 days of hospitalization resulting in one of the largest COVID-19 plasma proteomics cohorts with 2934 samples. Using perchloric acid to deplete the most abundant plasma proteins allowed for detecting 2910 proteins. Our findings show that increased levels of neutrophil extracellular trap and heart damage markers are associated with fatal outcomes. Our analysis also identified prognostic biomarkers for worsening severity and death. Our comprehensive longitudinal plasma proteomics study, involving 1117 participants and 2934 samples, allowed for testing the generalizability of the findings of many previous COVID-19 plasma proteomics studies using much smaller cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Viode
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kinga K. Smolen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick van Zalm
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, EURON, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - David Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meenakshi Jha
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Parker
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - IMPACC Network‡
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, EURON, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurobiology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Judith A. Steen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurobiology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurobiology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Harm S, Schildböck C, Cont D, Weber V. Heparin enables the reliable detection of endotoxin in human serum samples using the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2410. [PMID: 38287051 PMCID: PMC10825173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The determination of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) in serum or plasma samples using Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)-based assays is currently not sufficiently reliable in clinical diagnostics due to numerous interfering factors that strongly reduce the recovery of LPS in clinical samples. The specific plasma components responsible for the endotoxin neutralizing capacity of human blood remain to be identified. There are indications that certain endotoxin-neutralizing proteins or peptides, which are part of the host defense peptides/proteins of the innate immune system may be responsible for this effect. Based on our finding that several antimicrobial peptides can be neutralized by the polyanion heparin, we developed a heparin-containing diluent for serum and plasma samples, which enables reliable quantification of LPS measurement in clinical samples using the LAL assay. In a preclinical study involving 40 donors, this improved protocol yielded an over eightfold increase in LPS recovery in serum samples, as compared to the standard protocol. This modified protocol of sample pretreatment could make LPS measurement a valuable tool in medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Harm
- Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria.
| | - Claudia Schildböck
- Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Denisa Cont
- Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University, Krems, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
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3
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Grønning AGB, Schéele C. Integrating a Multi-label Deep Learning Approach with Protein Information to Compare Bioactive Peptides in Brain and Plasma. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2758:179-195. [PMID: 38549014 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3646-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Peptide therapeutics is gaining momentum. Advances in the field of peptidomics have enabled researchers to harvest vital information from various organisms and tissue types concerning peptide existence, expression and function. The development of mass spectrometry techniques for high-throughput peptide quantitation has paved the way for the identification and discovery of numerous known and novel peptides. Though much has been achieved, scientists are still facing difficulties when it comes to reducing the search space of the large mass spectrometry-generated peptidomics datasets and focusing on the subset of functionally relevant peptides. Moreover, there is currently no straightforward way to analytically compare the distributions of bioactive peptides in distinct biological samples, which may reveal much useful information when seeking to characterize tissue- or fluid-specific peptidomes. In this chapter, we demonstrate how to identify, rank, and compare predicted bioactive peptides and bioactivity distributions from extensive peptidomics datasets. To aid this task, we utilize MultiPep, a multi-label deep learning approach designed for classifying peptide bioactivities, to identify bioactive peptides. The predicted bioactivities are synergistically combined with protein information from the UniProt database, which assist in navigating through the jungle of putative therapeutic peptides and relevant peptide leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G B Grønning
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Schéele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Cl K, Jeyaraman M, Jeyaraman N, Ramasubramanian S, Khanna M, Yadav S. Antimicrobial Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e51360. [PMID: 38292974 PMCID: PMC10825076 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), derived from the centrifugation and subsequent separation of whole blood, results in an unusually high concentration of platelets. A newer form of platelet concentrate, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), has also been developed. There has been significant research into the therapeutic effects of PRP, particularly in enhancing wound healing and preventing infections in surgical wounds. This scoping review aims to thoroughly evaluate preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the antimicrobial effects of PRP and PRF. In conducting this review, 612 records were examined, and 36 articles were selected for inclusion. The studies reviewed include preclinical research, such as in-vitro and in-vivo studies, and clinical trials involving human participants. The current clinical evidence suggests a notable trend towards the antimicrobial capabilities of PRP and PRF, underscoring their potential benefits in treating wounds. The application of PRP and PRF in wound management shows encouraging outcomes, but further investigation is needed to optimize their use as antimicrobial agents. Additional research, particularly randomized controlled trials, is essential to substantiate their antimicrobial effectiveness in specific diseases and types of wounds, considering their potential impact on clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Cl
- Orthopaedics, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Manish Khanna
- Orthopaedics, Autonomous State Medical College, Ayodhya, IND
| | - Sankalp Yadav
- Internal Medicine, Shri Madan Lal Khurana Chest Clinic, New Delhi, IND
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5
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Mao Z, Zhang H, Cai W, Yang Y, Zhang X, Jiang F, Li G. NhaA facilitates the maintenance of bacterial envelope integrity and the evasion of complement attack contributing to extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0003923. [PMID: 37815368 PMCID: PMC10652942 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00039-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is responsible for severe bloodstream infections in humans and animals. However, the mechanisms underlying ExPEC's serum resistance remain incompletely understood. Through the transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing approach, our previous study identified nhaA, the gene encoding a Na+/H+ antiporter, as a crucial factor for infection in vivo. In this study, we investigated the role of NhaA in ExPEC virulence utilizing both in vitro models and systemic infection models involving avian and mammalian animals. Genetic mutagenesis analysis revealed that nhaA deletion resulted in filamentous bacterial morphology and rendered the bacteria more susceptible to sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting the role of nhaA in maintaining cell envelope integrity. The nhaA mutant also displayed heightened sensitivity to complement-mediated killing compared to the wild-type strain, attributed to augmented deposition of complement components (C3b and C9). Remarkably, NhaA played a more crucial role in virulence compared to several well-known factors, including Iss, Prc, NlpI, and OmpA. Our findings revealed that NhaA significantly enhanced virulence across diverse human ExPEC prototype strains within B2 phylogroups, suggesting widespread involvement in virulence. Given its pivotal role, NhaA could serve as a potential drug target for tackling ExPEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- National Animal Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Division of Zoonoses Surveillance, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Wentong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fengwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ganwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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6
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Thomas S, Guenther G, Rowe JH, Platt CD, Shimamura A, Levy O, Ganapathi L. Severe congenital neutropenia due to jagunal homolog 1 ( JAGN1) mutation: a case report and literature review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1223191. [PMID: 37528877 PMCID: PMC10389042 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1223191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia caused by jagunal homolog 1 (JAGN1) mutation is a rare condition resulting from maturation arrest secondary to endoplasmic reticulum stress response from impaired neutrophil protein glycosylation. Here, we report a case of a 4-year-old boy who presented with a history of recurrent infections and manifestations, including recurrent intracranial hemorrhage. A review of similar cases reported in the literature indicates that a bleeding diathesis has not been previously described in these patients. We hypothesize that this newly described association of bleeding complications in this patient with JAGN1 mutation is secondary to defective glycosylation in the normal functioning of platelets or clotting factors. Recurrent infections with intracranial hemorrhage, new focal neurologic defects, or altered mental status in a child should warrant a suspicion for this immunodeficiency for the prompt initiation of treatment and prophylaxis for life-threatening infections or trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Thomas
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Geoffrey Guenther
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jared H. Rowe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Hematology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Craig D. Platt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lakshmi Ganapathi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Pediatric Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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7
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Douglas EJA, Palk N, Brignoli T, Altwiley D, Boura M, Laabei M, Recker M, Cheung GYC, Liu R, Hsieh RC, Otto M, O'Brien E, McLoughlin RM, Massey RC. Extensive remodelling of the cell wall during the development of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. eLife 2023; 12:RP87026. [PMID: 37401629 PMCID: PMC10328498 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bloodstream represents a hostile environment that bacteria must overcome to cause bacteraemia. To understand how the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus manages this we have utilised a functional genomics approach to identify a number of new loci that affect the ability of the bacteria to survive exposure to serum, the critical first step in the development of bacteraemia. The expression of one of these genes, tcaA, was found to be induced upon exposure to serum, and we show that it is involved in the elaboration of a critical virulence factor, the wall teichoic acids (WTA), within the cell envelope. The activity of the TcaA protein alters the sensitivity of the bacteria to cell wall attacking agents, including antimicrobial peptides, human defence fatty acids, and several antibiotics. This protein also affects the autolytic activity and lysostaphin sensitivity of the bacteria, suggesting that in addition to changing WTA abundance in the cell envelope, it also plays a role in peptidoglycan crosslinking. With TcaA rendering the bacteria more susceptible to serum killing, while simultaneously increasing the abundance of WTA in the cell envelope, it was unclear what effect this protein may have during infection. To explore this, we examined human data and performed murine experimental infections. Collectively, our data suggests that whilst mutations in tcaA are selected for during bacteraemia, this protein positively contributes to the virulence of S. aureus through its involvement in altering the cell wall architecture of the bacteria, a process that appears to play a key role in the development of bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward JA Douglas
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Nathanael Palk
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Tarcisio Brignoli
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Dina Altwiley
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Marcia Boura
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Life Sciences, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Mario Recker
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn CampusExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Gordon YC Cheung
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), US National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Ryan Liu
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), US National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Roger C Hsieh
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), US National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Michael Otto
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), US National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Eoin O'Brien
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Ruth C Massey
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Schools of Microbiology and Medicine, University College Cork, and APC Microbiome IrelandCorkIreland
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8
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Varada VV, Panneerselvam D, Pushpadass HA, Mallapa RH, Ram C, Kumar S. In vitro safety assessment of electrohydrodynamically encapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRD7 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRD11 for probiotics use. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100507. [PMID: 37215740 PMCID: PMC10196993 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to validate the safety of electrohydrodynamically encapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRD7 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRD11 in accordance with guidelines of FAO/WHO and ICMR/DBT. In vitro assays such as mucin degradation, hemolysis of blood cells, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, possession of virulence factors, biogenic amine, and ammonia production were assessed. In results, the cross-streak and co-culture techniques revealed that CRD7 and CRD11 were compatible in vitro. Upon visual inspection through scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy, the integrity of bacterial cell membrane was confirmed even after the encapsulation process. CRD7 and CRD11 were non-hemolytic and showed negative responses to gelatinase, urease, and DNase activities. Non-mucinolytic activity of CRD7 and CRD11 was verified by measuring cell growth rate (p < 0.05) in different modified media followed by SDS-PAGE. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that both the strains did not produce biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine). Neither of the Lactobacillus strains produced ammonia after growing in BHI broth for 5 days at 37 °C. L-lactate production was highest (p < 0.05) in CRD11 (8.83 g/L), followed by CRD7 (8.16 g/L), whereas the lowest (p < 0.05) D-lactate was registered for encapsulated CRD11 (0.33 g/L) and CRD7 (0.49 g/L). The antibiogram profile determined through minimum inhibitory concentration showed that CRD7 and CRD11 were sensitive to key antibiotics suggested by EFSA except for gentamycin and kanamycin. PCR data on virulence genes demonstrated that both strains were safe for probiotic use. Moreover, CRD7 and CRD11 strains caused insignificant (p > 0.05) changes in the cell viability of Caco-2 cells as estimated by MTT (98.94-99.50%) and NR uptake (95.42-97.03%) assays and showed sensitivity to human serum. According to the results of these evaluated attributes, it is concluded that L. plantarum CRD7 and L. rhamnosus CRD11 are safe, non-toxic to human epithelial cells, and thus may be potentially suitable for various food/feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Venkatesh Varada
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Divya Panneerselvam
- Dairy Engineering Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Heartwin A. Pushpadass
- Dairy Engineering Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Chand Ram
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
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9
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Douglas EJA, Palk N, Brignoli T, Altwiley D, Boura M, Laabei M, Recker M, Cheung GYC, Liu R, Hsieh RC, Otto M, Oâ Brien E, McLoughlin RM, Massey RC. Extensive re-modelling of the cell wall during the development of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.23.529713. [PMID: 36865143 PMCID: PMC9980097 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.23.529713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The bloodstream represents a hostile environment that bacteria must overcome to cause bacteraemia. To understand how the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus manages this we have utilised a functional genomics approach to identify a number of new loci that affect the ability of the bacteria to survive exposure to serum, the critical first step in the development of bacteraemia. The expression of one of these genes, tcaA , was found to be induced upon exposure to serum, and we show that it is involved in the elaboration of a critical virulence factor, the wall teichoic acids (WTA), within the cell envelope. The activity of this protein alters the sensitivity of the bacteria to cell wall attacking agents, including antimicrobial peptides, human defence fatty acids, and several antibiotics. This protein also affects the autolytic activity and lysostaphin sensitivity of the bacteria, suggesting that in addition to changing WTA abundance in the cell envelope, it also plays a role in peptidoglycan crosslinking. With TcaA rendering the bacteria more susceptible to serum killing, while simultaneously increasing the abundance of WTA in the cell envelope, it was unclear what effect this protein may have during infection. To explore this, we examined human data and performed murine experimental infections. Collectively, our data suggests that whilst mutations in tcaA are selected for during bacteraemia, this protein positively contributes to the virulence of S. aureus through its involvement in altering the cell wall architecture of the bacteria, a process that appears to play a key role in the development of bacteraemia.
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10
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Zhang K, Teng D, Mao R, Yang N, Hao Y, Wang J. Thinking on the Construction of Antimicrobial Peptide Databases: Powerful Tools for the Molecular Design and Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043134. [PMID: 36834553 PMCID: PMC9960615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the accelerating growth of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), there is an urgent need for new antimicrobial agents with low or no AMR. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been extensively studied as alternatives to antibiotics (ATAs). Coupled with the new generation of high-throughput technology for AMP mining, the number of derivatives has increased dramatically, but manual running is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, it is necessary to establish databases that combine computer algorithms to summarize, analyze, and design new AMPs. A number of AMP databases have already been established, such as the Antimicrobial Peptides Database (APD), the Collection of Antimicrobial Peptides (CAMP), the Database of Antimicrobial Activity and Structure of Peptides (DBAASP), and the Database of Antimicrobial Peptides (dbAMPs). These four AMP databases are comprehensive and are widely used. This review aims to cover the construction, evolution, characteristic function, prediction, and design of these four AMP databases. It also offers ideas for the improvement and application of these databases based on merging the various advantages of these four peptide libraries. This review promotes research and development into new AMPs and lays their foundation in the fields of druggability and clinical precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-82106081 or +86-10-82106079; Fax: +86-10-82106079
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11
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Ghirmai S, Wu H, Axelsson M, Matsuhira T, Sakai H, Undeland I. Exploring how plasma- and muscle-related parameters affect trout hemolysis as a route to prevent hemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation of fish muscle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13446. [PMID: 35927386 PMCID: PMC9352706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a powerful promoter of lipid oxidation, particularly in muscle of small pelagic fish species and fish by-products, both having high Hb-levels and highly unsaturated lipids. As Hb is located within the red blood cells (RBCs) it is here hypothesized that the perishable polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can be protected from oxidation by limiting hemolysis during early fish processing. Using a model system consisting of washed-resuspended trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) RBCs (wr-RBCs), the aim of this study was to evaluate how RBC lysis under cold storage was affected by selected parameters linked to blood or muscle: bacterial growth, energy status, pH, RBC membrane lipid oxidation and colloidal osmotic pressure (COP). The results indicated that bacterial growth had a modest effect on hemolysis while pH-values typical for post mortem fish muscle (6.4–6.8), and absence of glucose or albumin stimulated hemolysis. The rapid hemolysis observed at pH 6.4–6.8 correlated with lipid oxidation of the RBC membrane, while the lower hemolysis at pH 7.2–8.0 occurred with low, or without any RBC membrane lipid oxidation. When hemin was added to the RBCs at pH 6.8 hemolysis was induced without parallel RBC membrane oxidation, pointing at Hb-autoxidation and hemin-release per se as important events triggering lysis in fish muscle. Altogether, the study provided valuable findings which ultimately can aid development of new tools to combat lipid oxidation in post mortem fish muscle by limiting hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semhar Ghirmai
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Haizhou Wu
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Axelsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg University, Medicinaregatan 18a, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Takashi Matsuhira
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ingrid Undeland
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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López-Cano A, Martínez-Miguel M, Guasch J, Ratera I, Arís A, Garcia-Fruitós E. Exploring the impact of the recombinant Escherichia coli strain on defensins antimicrobial activity: BL21 versus Origami strain. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:77. [PMID: 35527241 PMCID: PMC9082834 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing emergence of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics has prompted the development of alternative antimicrobial therapies. Among them, the antimicrobial peptides produced by innate immunity, which are also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), hold great potential. They have been shown to exert activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including those resistant to antibiotics. These HDPs are classified into three categories: defensins, cathelicidins, and histatins. Traditionally, HDPs have been chemically synthesized, but this strategy often limits their application due to the high associated production costs. Alternatively, some HDPs have been recombinantly produced, but little is known about the impact of the bacterial strain in the recombinant product. This work aimed to assess the influence of the Escherichia coli strain used as cell factory to determine the activity and stability of recombinant defensins, which have 3 disulfide bonds. For that, an α-defensin [human α-defensin 5 (HD5)] and a β-defensin [bovine lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP)] were produced in two recombinant backgrounds. The first one was an E. coli BL21 strain, which has a reducing cytoplasm, whereas the second was an E. coli Origami B, that is a strain with a more oxidizing cytoplasm. The results showed that both HD5 and LAP, fused to Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), were successfully produced in both BL21 and Origami B strains. However, differences were observed in the HDP production yield and bactericidal activity, especially for the HD5-based protein. The HD5 protein fused to GFP was not only produced at higher yields in the E. coli BL21 strain, but it also showed a higher quality and stability than that produced in the Origami B strain. Hence, this data showed that the strain had a clear impact on both HDPs quantity and quality.
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13
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Iida A, Nakai R, Yoshida J, Sano K, Hondo E. Expression and antimicrobial activity of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptides in the ovaries of the viviparous teleost Xenotoca eiseni. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:405-410. [PMID: 34582977 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism via which the mothers of viviparous animals regulate the internal environment of pregnancy-associated organs for maintaining offspring growth is poorly understood. Environmental niches in organs contain fluid components for supporting embryonic growth; however, they may serve as nutrients for microbes. Therefore, microbial control is essential in viviparous animals to reduce the risk of infection in the ovarian lumen. Its importance may be higher than that in the case of oviparous animals. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial factors in a viviparous teleost, Xenotoca eiseni. Four transcripts of the liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP) were identified via RNA-Seq analysis. Some of the genes were expressed in the ovaries or intraovarian embryos of the fish. In particular, high expression of leap1a was detected in the ovaries of both pregnant and non-pregnant fish. Moreover, the ovary extracts from X. eiseni and transformed leap genes exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Our results suggest that viviparous teleosts utilize antimicrobial peptides to reduce the risk of infection in the ovarian lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Iida
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Risako Nakai
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junki Yoshida
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
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14
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Hyun H, Lee MS, Park I, Ko HS, Yun S, Jang DH, Kim S, Kim H, Kang JH, Lee JH, Kwon T. Analysis of Porcine Model of Fecal-Induced Peritonitis Reveals the Tropism of Blood Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:676650. [PMID: 34527598 PMCID: PMC8435847 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.676650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested the existence of a blood microbiome in the healthy host. However, changes in the blood microbiome upon bloodstream infection are not known. Here, we analyzed the dynamics of the blood microbiome in a porcine model of polymicrobial bacteremia induced by fecal peritonitis. Surprisingly, we detected bacterial populations in the bloodstream even before the infection, and these populations were maintained over time. The native blood microbiome was notably taxonomically different from the fecal microbiome that was used to induce peritonitis, reflecting microbial tropism for the blood. Although the population composition after the infection was similar to that of the native blood microbiome, new bacterial strains entered the bloodstream upon peritonitis induction as clinical symptoms relevant to sepsis developed. This indicates that the bacteria detected in the blood before peritonitis induction were derived from the blood rather than a contamination. Comparison of the functional pathways enriched in the blood and fecal microbiomes revealed that communication and stress management pathways are essential for the survival of the blood microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Min Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Inwon Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Hwa Soo Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seongmin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Seonghye Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Hajin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Joo H Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, South Korea
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15
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Hernández-Aristizábal I, Ocampo-Ibáñez ID. Antimicrobial Peptides with Antibacterial Activity against Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains: Classification, Structures, and Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7927. [PMID: 34360692 PMCID: PMC8347216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics is of great concern in modern medicine because it renders ineffectiveness of the current empirical antibiotic therapies. Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strains represent a serious threat to global health due to their considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need of research and development of new antimicrobial alternatives against these bacteria. In this context, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is considered a promising alternative therapeutic strategy to control resistant strains. Therefore, a wide number of natural, artificial, and synthetic AMPs have been evaluated against VRSA and VISA strains, with great potential for clinical application. In this regard, we aimed to present a comprehensive and systematic review of research findings on AMPs that have shown antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate resistant strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus, discussing their classification and origin, physicochemical and structural characteristics, and possible action mechanisms. This is the first review that includes all peptides that have shown antibacterial activity against VRSA and VISA strains exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Darío Ocampo-Ibáñez
- Research Group of Microbiology, Industry and Environment, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia;
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16
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Elyass ME, Mahdi AA, Semeih AE, Eltaib FI, Attitalla IH. Exploratory investigation on the antibacterial effect of antimicrobial peptides of four mammalian plasmas. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104839. [PMID: 33689814 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are presently being revisited as promising potential antimicrobial combat agents. Acquisition of resistance to AMPs is very rare compared to conventional antibiotics as they kill microbes by direct disruption of cellular components including the microbial membrane and DNA. In this study four sources of mammalian plasma (human, bovine, caprine and ovine) were explored for presence and effectiveness of antimicrobial peptides by the spot-on-lawn method, followed by the agar well diffusion assay to confirm their antibacterial activity. This was followed by determination of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by the broth macrodilusion method. The MICs were compared to those produced by the antibiotics Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline and Metronidazole. All four plasma types exhibited antibacterial activity in their native form (plasmaN) or in presence of added pepsin (plasmap). The highest antibacterial activity was shown by ovine plasmap against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC at dilution of 1:128), while least activity (MIC at dilution of 1:2) was shown by bovine plasmap and ovine plasmaN against K. pneumoniae, ovine plasmaN against E. coli, and ovine plasmap against Staph. aureus. All plasma sources achieved bactericidal effect. Activity of ovine plasmaN against K. pneumoniae was higher than that due to Ampilcillin, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline or Metronidazole. The least antibacterial activity was achieved by Ampicillin against K. pneumoniae, E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. Metronidazole had no effect on any of the four bacteria tested. These results indicate that AMPs hold great promise as a valuable renewed tool in the control of pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona E Elyass
- National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan; Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Faculty of Medical Technology, Box 919, Al-Bayda, Libya
| | - Ahmed A Mahdi
- Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Faculty of Medical Technology, Box 919, Al-Bayda, Libya
| | | | | | - Idrerss H Attitalla
- Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Box 919, Al-Bayda, Libya; Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Faculty of Medical Technology, Box 919, Al-Bayda, Libya.
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17
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Zhu L, Olsen RJ, Beres SB, Saavedra MO, Kubiak SL, Cantu CC, Jenkins L, Waller AS, Sun Z, Palzkill T, Porter AR, DeLeo FR, Musser JM. Streptococcus pyogenes genes that promote pharyngitis in primates. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137686. [PMID: 32493846 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus; GAS) causes 600 million cases of pharyngitis annually worldwide. There is no licensed human GAS vaccine despite a century of research. Although the human oropharynx is the primary site of GAS infection, the pathogenic genes and molecular processes used to colonize, cause disease, and persist in the upper respiratory tract are poorly understood. Using dense transposon mutant libraries made with serotype M1 and M28 GAS strains and transposon-directed insertion sequencing, we performed genome-wide screens in the nonhuman primate (NHP) oropharynx. We identified many potentially novel GAS fitness genes, including a common set of 115 genes that contribute to fitness in both genetically distinct GAS strains during experimental NHP pharyngitis. Targeted deletion of 4 identified fitness genes/operons confirmed that our newly identified targets are critical for GAS virulence during experimental pharyngitis. Our screens discovered many surface-exposed or secreted proteins - substrates for vaccine research - that potentially contribute to GAS pharyngitis, including lipoprotein HitA. Pooled human immune globulin reacted with purified HitA, suggesting that humans produce antibodies against this lipoprotein. Our findings provide new information about GAS fitness in the upper respiratory tract that may assist in translational research, including developing novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchang Zhu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Randall J Olsen
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen B Beres
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Ojeda Saavedra
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samantha L Kubiak
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Concepcion C Cantu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leslie Jenkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew S Waller
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Zhizeng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy Palzkill
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adeline R Porter
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - James M Musser
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Dugovich BS, Crane LL, Alcantar BB, Beechler BR, Dolan BP, Jolles AE. Multiple innate antibacterial immune defense elements are correlated in diverse ungulate species. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225579. [PMID: 31774834 PMCID: PMC6881064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate to what extent different assays of innate immunity reveal similar patterns of variation across ungulate species. We compared several measures of innate antibacterial immune function across seven different ungulate species using blood samples obtained from captive animals maintained in a zoological park. We measured mRNA expression of two receptors involved in innate pathogen detection, toll-like receptors 2 and 5 (TLR2 and 5), the bactericidal capacity of plasma, as well as the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes. Species examined included aoudad (Ammotragus lervia), American bison (Bison bison bison), yak (Bos grunniens), Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti), fallow deer (Dama dama), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and Damara zebra (Equus quagga burchellii). Innate immunity varied among ungulate species. However, we detected strong, positive correlations between the different measures of innate immunity-specifically, TLR2 and TLR5 were correlated, and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was positively associated with TLR2, TLR5, and bacterial killing ability. Our results suggest that ecoimmunological study results may be quite robust to the choice of assays, at least for antibacterial innate immunity; and that, despite the complexity of the immune system, important sources of variation in immunity in natural populations may be discoverable with comparatively simple tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Dugovich
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Lucie L. Crane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Benji B. Alcantar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- Wildlife Safari, Winston, OR, United States of America
| | - Brianna R. Beechler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Dolan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Anna E. Jolles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
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19
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Kimble B, Vogelnest L, Gharibi S, Izes AM, Govendir M. Pharmacokinetic profile of amoxicillin and its glucuronide-like metabolite when administered subcutaneously to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 43:115-122. [PMID: 31183878 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amoxicillin was administered as a single subcutaneous injection at 12.5 mg/kg to four koalas and changes in amoxicillin plasma concentrations over 24 hr were quantified. Amoxicillin had a relatively low average ± SD maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of 1.72 ± 0.47 µg/ml; at an average ± SD time to reach Cmax (Tmax ) of 2.25 ± 1.26 hr, and an elimination half-life of 4.38 ± 2.40 hr. The pharmacokinetic profile indicated relatively poor subcutaneous absorption. A metabolite was also identified, likely associated with glucuronic acid conjugation. Bacterial growth inhibition assays demonstrated that all plasma samples other than t = 0 hr, inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 to some extent. Calculated pharmacokinetic indices were used to predict whether this dose could attain a plasma concentration to inhibit some susceptible Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. It was predicted that a twice daily dose of 12.5 mg/kg would be efficacious to inhibit susceptible bacteria with an amoxicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 0.75 µg/ml such as susceptible Bordetella bronchiseptica, E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kimble
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Soraya Gharibi
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron M Izes
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Merran Govendir
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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20
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Jasmine S, A T, Janarthanan K, Krishnamoorthy R, Alshatwi AA. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of injectable platelet rich fibrin-a second-generation platelet concentrate-against biofilm producing oral staphylococcus isolates. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 27:41-46. [PMID: 31889815 PMCID: PMC6933211 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable Platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) is a platelet concentrate that has been extensively used for multiple medical purposes and is a valuable adjunct for the regeneration of damaged tissues in surgical procedures. The enriched bioactive substances in i-PRF are responsible for speeding the wound healing process. Infection of biofilm producing bacteria in surgical wounds is becoming a serious threat. Research in this field is focused on new strategies to fight infections and to reduce the healing time. The present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of i-PRF against oral pathogenic biofilm producing staphylococcus bacteria isolated from patient with dental and oral abscess. The antibacterial activity of i-PRF, was determined through broth microdilution as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). i-PRF exhibited bactericidal activity against both non biofilm and biofilm producing bacteria. i-PRF could be potential antimicrobial peptide used to combat postoperative infections caused by biofilm producing staphylococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Jasmine
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangavelu A
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Janarthanan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Trenin AS, Arzumanian VG, Zhmak MN, Shelukhina IV, Makarova YV, Ivanov IA, Bychkova OP, Budikhina AS, Balyasova LS, Tsetlin VI. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of a New Drug Based on a Retro-Analog of Cathelicidin—Polypeptide SE-33. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Cieślik-Bielecka A, Reichert P, Skowroński R, Królikowska A, Bielecki T. A new aspect of in vitro antimicrobial leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma activity based on flow cytometry assessment. Platelets 2018; 30:728-736. [PMID: 30252585 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1513472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The current literature suggests that the antibacterial effect of leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) is directly related to platelet and leukocyte concentrations. The aim of this study was twofold: first, to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of L-PRP against selected bacterial strains in vitro, and second, to correlate this effect with leukocyte and platelet content in the final concentration. Blood was collected from 20 healthy males, and L-PRP, acellular plasma (AP), and autologous thrombin were consecutively prepared. Flow cytometry analysis of the blood, L-PRP, and AP was performed. The L-PRP gel, liquid L-PRP, and thrombin samples were tested in vitro for their antibacterial properties against seven selected bacterial strains using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method. There was notable antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial strains. No statistically significant correlations between antimicrobial activities and the platelet concentration in L-PRP were observed. Statistically significant positive correlations between selected leukocyte subtypes and antimicrobial activity were noted. A negative correlation was found between elevated monocyte count and antimicrobial activity of L-PRP against one bacterial strain studied. L-PRP possesses antimicrobial activity and can be potentially useful in the fight against certain postoperative infections. The bactericidal effect of L-PRP is caused by leukocytes, and there exists a relationship among selected leukocyte subtypes and L-PRP antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł Reichert
- b Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Rafał Skowroński
- c Department of Orthopaedics , Medical University of Białystok , Białystok , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Królikowska
- d Department of Physiotherapy , The College of Physiotherapy in Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Bielecki
- e Department of Orthopaedics , Medical University of Silesia, Trauma Center , Sosnowiec , Poland
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23
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Vasilchenko AS, Gritsenko VA, Kosyan DB, Rogozhin EA. A Low-Molecular-Weight Compound Derived from Human Leukocytes Determines a Bactericidal Activity of the Interferon Preparation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:999-1008. [PMID: 30215182 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the structure and mode of action of antimicrobials derived from a commercial preparation of alfa-interferon. By combination of semi-preparative/analytical reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, we isolated and purified a novel active substance based on carbohydrate with a complex of amino acids, which determines antimicrobial property of commercial preparation of interferon. A size-exclusion chromatography was performed and LC/ESI-MS revealed molecular masses of active substance were in the range of 180-249 Da. Edman sequencing identified phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) derivatives which consisted a set of preliminary (Asp, Glu, Gly, and Ala) and minor amino acids (Leu and Thr) at equimolar ratio. Thus, the purified active substance is a compound containing the complex of amino acids connected with carbohydrate background and called leucidin. Leucidin demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the model Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 strain at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 20 μg mL-1. The revealed antimicrobial mechanism of action is associated with violation of the bacterial cell wall leading to a SOS response and bacterial autolysis. Despite the preliminary nature of the results, obtained data allowed us to discover the previously unknown leukocyte-derived antimicrobial molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Vasilchenko
- Tyumen State University, Volodarsky st 6, Tyumen, Russian Federation.
| | - V A Gritsenko
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, RAS, Pionerskaya st 11, Orenburg, Russian Federation
| | - D B Kosyan
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies, RAS, Yanvarya st 9, Orenburg, Russia
| | - E A Rogozhin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, Moscow, Russian Federation
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24
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Wang Y, Cui P, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Zhang S. Augmentation of the antibacterial activities of Pt5-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) by amino acid substitutions: Design of novel AMPs against MDR bacteria. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:100-111. [PMID: 29567140 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing concerns on multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria lead to urgent demands for novel antibiotics including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Pt5, a peptide consisting of the C-terminal 55 residues of zebrafish phosvitin, has been shown to function as an antibacterial agent. Here we used Pt5 as a template to design new AMPs by shortening the sequence and substituting with tryptophan (W) and lysine (K) at selected positions. Among the resultant Pt5-derived peptides, Pt5-1c showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including MDR bacteia, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1.2 μM to 4.8 μM. Electron microscopic examination showed that Pt5-1c was able to kill the bacteria directly. ELISA revealed that Pt5-1c possessed high affinity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN). Importantly, Pt5-1c was able to disrupt the bacterial membrane by a combined action of membrane depolarization and permeabilization, with little cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that Pt5-1c has considerable potential for future development as novel peptide antibiotics against MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashuo Wang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingyun Yang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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25
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Machado R, da Costa A, Silva DM, Gomes AC, Casal M, Sencadas V. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Poly(Lactic Acid)-Bovine Lactoferrin Nanofiber Membranes. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18. [PMID: 29333738 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial materials have become relevant for local therapies preventing microbial resistance induced by systemic antibiotic treatments. This work reports the development of electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofiber membranes loaded with bovine lactoferrin (bLF) up to 20 wt%. The membranes present smooth and nondefective fibers with mean diameters between 717 ± 197 and 495 ± 127 nm, and an overall porosity of ≈80%. The hydrophobicity of the PLLA membranes is reduced by the presence of bLF. The release profile of bLF correlates with an anomalous transport model, with 17.7 ± 3.6% being released over 7 weeks. The nanofiber mats show no cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblasts and even promote cell proliferation after short exposure periods. Furthermore, the developed membranes display antifungal activity against Aspergillus nidulans by inhibiting spore germination and mycelial growth. These results evidence the strong potential of bLF-PLLA nanofiber membranes to be used as antifungal dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Machado
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - André da Costa
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Dina M Silva
- School of Mechanical, Materials Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Andreia C Gomes
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Margarida Casal
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Vitor Sencadas
- School of Mechanical, Materials Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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26
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Agarwal S, Riffault M, Hoey D, Duffy B, Curtin J, Jaiswal S. Biomimetic Hyaluronic Acid-Lysozyme Composite Coating on AZ31 Mg Alloy with Combined Antibacterial and Osteoinductive Activities. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3244-3253. [PMID: 33445367 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the covalent grafting of a hyaluronic acid-lysozyme (HA-LZ) composite onto corrosion-resistant silane-coated AZ31 Mg alloy via EDC-NHS coupling reactions. The HA-LZ composite coatings created a smooth and hydrophilic surface with the increased concentration of functional lysozyme complexed to the hyaluronic acid. This was confirmed by the measurement of AFM, water contact angle, and quantification of hyaluronic acid and lysozyme. The colonization of S.aureus on HA-LZ composite-coated substrates was significantly reduced as compared to the hyaluronic acid, lysozyme coated and uncoated AZ31 controls. Such activity is due to the enhanced antibacterial activity of lysozyme component as observed from the spread plate assay, propidium iodide staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, morphology of the osteoblast cells, alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA quantification studies demonstrated the improved biocompatibility and osteoinductive properties of HA-LZ-coated substrates. This was verified by comparing with the lysozyme coated and uncoated AZ31 substrates in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblastic cells. Therefore, such multifunctional composite coatings with antibacterial and osteoinductive properties are promising can be potentially used for the surface modifications of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Agarwal
- Centre for Research in Engineering and Surface Technology, FOCAS Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.,School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Mathieu Riffault
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David Hoey
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brendan Duffy
- Centre for Research in Engineering and Surface Technology, FOCAS Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - James Curtin
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- Centre for Research in Engineering and Surface Technology, FOCAS Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
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27
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Godlewska U, Brzoza P, Sroka A, Majewski P, Jentsch H, Eckert M, Eick S, Potempa J, Zabel BA, Cichy J. Antimicrobial and Attractant Roles for Chemerin in the Oral Cavity during Inflammatory Gum Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:353. [PMID: 28424689 PMCID: PMC5372799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation is one of the most common chronic inflammatory conditions in humans. Despite recent advances in identifying and characterizing oral microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of gum disease, just how host factors maintain a healthy homeostatic oral microbial community or prevent the development of a pathogenic oral microbiota remains poorly understood. An important determinant of microbiota fate is local antimicrobial proteins. Here, we report that chemoattractant protein chemerin, which we recently identified as a potent endogenous antimicrobial agent in body barriers such as the skin, is present in the oral cavity under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Chemerin and a chemerin-derived antimicrobial peptide are bactericidal against select bacteria strategically positioned in dental biofilm. Gingival crevicular samples from patients with gingivitis but not periodontitis contain abundant bioactive chemerin capable of inducing CMKLR1-dependent leukocyte migration. Gingipains secreted by the periodontopathogen P. gingivalis inactivate chemerin. Together, these data suggest that as an antimicrobial agent and leukocyte chemoattractant, chemerin likely contributes to antimicrobial immune defense in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Godlewska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Brzoza
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Sroka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pawel Majewski
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Eckert
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Brian A Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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28
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Involvement of β-defensin 130 (DEFB130) in the macrophage microbicidal mechanisms for killing Plasmodium falciparum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41772. [PMID: 28181499 PMCID: PMC5299406 DOI: 10.1038/srep41772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular defense mechanism of macrophages and identifying their effector molecules against malarial parasites may provide important clues for the discovery of new therapies. To analyze the immunological responses of malarial parasite-induced macrophages, we used DNA microarray technology to examine the gene profile of differentiated macrophages phagocytizing Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes (iRBC). The transcriptional gene profile of macrophages in response to iRBCs represented 168 down-regulated genes, which were mainly involved in the cellular immune response, and 216 upregulated genes, which were involved in cellular proteolysis, growth, and adhesion. Importantly, the specific upregulation of β-defensin 130 (DEFB130) in these macrophages suggested a possible role for DEFB130 in malarial parasite elimination. Differentiated macrophages phagocytizing iRBCs exhibited an increase in intracellular DEFB130 levels and DEFB130 appeared to accumulate at the site of iRBC engulfment. Transfection of esiRNA-mediated knockdown of DEFB130 into macrophages resulted in a remarkable reduction in their antiplasmodial activity in vitro. Furthermore, DEFB130 synthetic peptide exhibited a modest toxic effect on P. falciparum in vitro and P. yoelii in vivo, unlike scrambled DEFB130 peptide, which showed no antiplasmodial activity. Together, these results suggest that DEFB130 might be one of the macrophage effector molecules for eliminating malarial parasites. Our data broaden our knowledge of the immunological response of macrophages to iRBCs and shed light on a new target for therapeutic intervention.
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29
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Bussalleu E, Sancho S, Briz MD, Yeste M, Bonet S. Do antimicrobial peptides PR-39, PMAP-36 and PMAP-37 have any effect on bacterial growth and quality of liquid-stored boar semen? Theriogenology 2016; 89:235-243. [PMID: 28043357 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) has become one of the most promising alternatives to the use of antibiotics (Abs) in semen extender's formulation to overcome the increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. However, AMP may impair boar sperm quality, so that their deleterious effects might be higher than their effectiveness against bacteria. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether three different AMP, the proline-arginine-rich antimicrobial peptide PR-39 (PR-39), and the porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptides 36 (PMAP-36) and 37 (PMAP-37) had any effect upon boar sperm quality and bacterial growth. For this purpose, three different concentrations of each peptide (1 μM, 10 μM and 20 μM for PR-39 and 0.5 μM, 1 μM and 3 μM for PMAP-36 and PMAP-37) were added to 2 mL of a pool of extended semen with BTS without Abs; two controls, one without AMPs and Abs, and the other with Abs only were used for each peptide (n = 3). Total (TMOT) and progressive (PMOT) sperm motility, sperm viability and bacterial concentration were assessed before the addition of each AMP or Abs and at 1, 3, 6, 8 and 10 days post-addition. For each AMP, results revealed a drop in the TMOT and PMOT in all treatments and controls. In regard to sperm viability, while PR-39 at 10 μM maintained it in values similar to those of the control with Abs and PMAP-36 kept also the sperm viability in a similar fashion to the treatment with Abs, PMAP-37 was more effective in keeping sperm viability than controls (P < 0.05). Whereas PR-39 at 20 μM and PMAP-37 at 3 μM were quite effective in controlling bacterial load, PMAP-36 did not avoid bacterial growth at any concentration tested. In conclusion, taking all results together, PMAP-37 seems to be a suitable candidate to replace Abs in extended semen, as it hardly impairs sperm viability and controls the bacterial load. Nevertheless, further studies are still required to improve its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bussalleu
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Sílvia Sancho
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria D Briz
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Bonet
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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30
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Gaertner F, Massberg S. Blood coagulation in immunothrombosis-At the frontline of intravascular immunity. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:561-569. [PMID: 27866916 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
While hemostasis is the physiological process that prevents blood loss after vessel injury, thrombosis is often portrayed as a pathologic event involving blood coagulation and platelet aggregation eventually leading to vascular occlusion and tissue damage. However, recent work suggests that thrombosis can also be a physiological process, termed immunothrombosis, initiated by the innate immune system providing a first line of defense to locally control infection. Fibrin forms the structural basis of immunothrombotic clots and its assembly involves the concerted action of coagulation factors, platelets and leukocytes. Here, we summarize the cellular and molecular events that initiate fibrin formation during the innate immune response and discuss how aberrant activation of these pathways fosters pathologies associated with thrombosis, including disseminated intravascular coagulation and atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gaertner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, 81377, Germany.
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, 81377, Germany.
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31
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Yoon J, Cho HS, Park C, Park BY, Kim YH, Min J. Efficacy of Yeast' Vacuoles as Antimicrobial Agents to Escherichia coli Bacteremia in Rat. Curr Microbiol 2016; 74:22-27. [PMID: 27757529 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yeast vacuoles, lysosomes, are cell organelles that have antimicrobial activity against several bacteria in vitro. Lysosomes have a potential application to the treatment of pathogens such as antibiotics in vivo. Therefore, the in vivo efficacy of lysosomes was examined in a rat infection model against pathogenic Escherichia coli with varying susceptibilities to standard antimicrobial agents. Before in vivo testing, the concentration-dependent safety of lysosomes was confirmed by blood test and histopathology of normal rats. The therapeutic efficacy of lysosomes was examined in terms of the survival of E. coli in infected rat blood. The complete blood count and histopathology results were affected by the lysosomes concentration. In addition, the E. coli growth was inhibited by the initial injection of lysosomes. These results support the use of lysosomes as a bacterial inhibitor of an infected rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Yoon
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Cho
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
| | - Chul Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Yong Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
| | - Jiho Min
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea.
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32
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López-Medrano R, Guerra-Laso JM, López-Fidalgo E, Diez-Tascón C, García-García S, Blanco-Conde S, Rivero-Lezcano OM. Plasma contributes to the antimicrobial activity of whole blood against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Innate Immun 2016; 22:557-66. [PMID: 27554054 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916663311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The whole blood model for infection has proven useful to analyze the immunological response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, because it exerts a significant antimicrobial activity. Although this activity has been generally assumed to be cellular, we have found that the leukocyte fraction of blood from healthy volunteers did not kill the bacilli. We have discovered that plasma was responsible for a large proportion, but not all, of the antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, infected monocytes controlled the mycobacterial multiplication when cultivated in the presence of plasma. Intriguingly, serum from the same donors did not share this activity, although it was able to eliminate the non-pathogenic Mycobacterium gordonae To identify the remaining components that participate in the antimycobacterial activity we fractionated blood in leukocytes, plasma, erythrocytes and platelets, and analyzed the bactericidal power of each fraction and their combinations using a factorial design. We found that erythrocytes, but not platelets, participated and showed by flow cytometry that mycobacteria physically associated with erythrocytes. We propose that in exposed healthy individuals that show 'early clearance' of the mycobacteria, the innate response is predominantly humoral, probably through the effect of antimicrobial peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Guerra-Laso
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, (CAULE), León, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Fidalgo
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), León, Spain
| | - Cristina Diez-Tascón
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), León, Spain Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Silvia García-García
- Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), León, Spain
| | - Sara Blanco-Conde
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), León, Spain
| | - Octavio Miguel Rivero-Lezcano
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), León, Spain Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), León, Spain
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33
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Battersby AJ, Khara J, Wright VJ, Levy O, Kampmann B. Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides in Early Life: Ontogeny and Translational Opportunities. Front Immunol 2016; 7:309. [PMID: 27588020 PMCID: PMC4989132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While developing adaptive immune responses, young infants are especially vulnerable to serious infections, including sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (APPs) are key effectors that function as broad-spectrum anti-infectives. This review seeks to summarize the clinically relevant functional qualities of APPs and the increasing clinical trial evidence for their use to combat serious infections in infancy. Levels of APPs are relatively low in early life, especially in infants born preterm or with low birth weight (LBW). There are several rationales for the potential clinical utility of APPs in the prevention and treatment of infections in infants: (a) APPs may be most helpful in those with reduced levels; (b) during sepsis microbial products signal via pattern recognition receptors causing potentially harmful inflammation that APPs may counteract; and (c) in the era of antibiotic resistance, development of new anti-infective strategies is essential. Evidence supports the potential clinical utility of exogenous APPs to reduce infection-related morbidity in infancy. Further studies should characterize the ontogeny of antimicrobial activity in mucosal and systemic compartments, and examine the efficacy of exogenous-APP formulations to inform translational development of APPs for infant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Battersby
- Academic Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Jasmeet Khara
- Academic Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Academic Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Fajara, Gambia
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34
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Glaser K, Speer CP. Neonatal CNS infection and inflammation caused by Ureaplasma species: rare or relevant? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 13:233-48. [PMID: 25578885 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.999670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Colonization with Ureaplasma species has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, and perinatal transmission has been implicated in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates. Little is known about Ureaplasma-mediated infection and inflammation of the CNS in neonates. Controversy remains concerning its incidence and implication in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain injury. In vivo and in vitro data are limited. Despite improving care options for extremely immature preterm infants, relevant complications remain. Systematic knowledge of ureaplasmal infection may be of great benefit. This review aims to summarize pathogenic mechanisms, clinical data and diagnostic pitfalls. Studies in preterm and term neonates are critically discussed with regard to their limitations. Clinical questions concerning therapy or prophylaxis are posed. We conclude that ureaplasmas may be true pathogens, especially in preterm neonates, and may cause CNS inflammation in a complex interplay of host susceptibility, serovar pathogenicity and gestational age-dependent CNS vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Glaser
- University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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35
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Riera Romo M, Pérez-Martínez D, Castillo Ferrer C. Innate immunity in vertebrates: an overview. Immunology 2016; 148:125-39. [PMID: 26878338 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is a semi-specific and widely distributed form of immunity, which represents the first line of defence against pathogens. This type of immunity is critical to maintain homeostasis and prevent microbe invasion, eliminating a great variety of pathogens and contributing with the activation of the adaptive immune response. The components of innate immunity include physical and chemical barriers, humoral and cell-mediated components, which are present in all jawed vertebrates. The understanding of innate defence mechanisms in non-mammalian vertebrates is the key to comprehend the general picture of vertebrate innate immunity and its evolutionary history. This is also essential for the identification of new molecules with applications in immunopharmacology and immunotherapy. In this review, we describe and discuss the main elements of vertebrate innate immunity, presenting core findings in this field and identifying areas that need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Riera Romo
- Pharmacology Department, Centre of Marine Bioproducts, Havana, Cuba
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Bovine natural antibodies in antibody-dependent bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium and risk of mastitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 171:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kim TK, Tirloni L, Pinto AFM, Moresco J, Yates JR, da Silva Vaz I, Mulenga A. Ixodes scapularis Tick Saliva Proteins Sequentially Secreted Every 24 h during Blood Feeding. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004323. [PMID: 26751078 PMCID: PMC4709002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ixodes scapularis is the most medically important tick species and transmits five of the 14 reportable human tick borne disease (TBD) agents in the USA. This study describes LC-MS/MS identification of 582 tick- and 83 rabbit proteins in saliva of I. scapularis ticks that fed for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h, as well as engorged but not detached (BD), and spontaneously detached (SD). The 582 tick proteins include proteases (5.7%), protease inhibitors (7.4%), unknown function proteins (22%), immunity/antimicrobial (2.6%), lipocalin (3.1%), heme/iron binding (2.6%), extracellular matrix/ cell adhesion (2.2%), oxidant metabolism/ detoxification (6%), transporter/ receptor related (3.2%), cytoskeletal (5.5%), and housekeeping-like (39.7%). Notable observations include: (i) tick saliva proteins of unknown function accounting for >33% of total protein content, (ii) 79% of proteases are metalloproteases, (iii) 13% (76/582) of proteins in this study were found in saliva of other tick species and, (iv) ticks apparently selectively inject functionally similar but unique proteins every 24 h, which we speculate is the tick's antigenic variation equivalent strategy to protect important tick feeding functions from host immune system. The host immune responses to proteins present in 24 h I. scapularis saliva will not be effective at later feeding stages. Rabbit proteins identified in our study suggest the tick's strategic use of host proteins to modulate the feeding site. Notably fibrinogen, which is central to blood clotting and wound healing, was detected in high abundance in BD and SD saliva, when the tick is preparing to terminate feeding and detach from the host. A remarkable tick adaptation is that the feeding lesion is completely healed when the tick detaches from the host. Does the tick concentrate fibrinogen at the feeding site to aide in promoting healing of the feeding lesion? Overall, these data provide broad insight into molecular mechanisms regulating different tick feeding phases. These data set the foundation for in depth I. scapularis tick feeding physiology and TBD transmission studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kwon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lucas Tirloni
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antônio F. M. Pinto
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - James Moresco
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Albert Mulenga
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schulze M, Dathe M, Waberski D, Müller K. Liquid storage of boar semen: Current and future perspectives on the use of cationic antimicrobial peptides to replace antibiotics in semen extenders. Theriogenology 2015; 85:39-46. [PMID: 26264695 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are of great importance in boar semen extenders to ensure long shelf life of spermatozoa and to reduce transmission of pathogens into the female tract. However, the use of antibiotics carries a risk of developing resistant bacterial strains in artificial insemination laboratories and their spread via artificial insemination. Development of multiresistant bacteria is a major concern if mixtures of antibiotics are used in semen extenders. Minimal contamination prevention techniques and surveillance of critical hygiene control points proved to be efficient in reducing bacterial load and preventing development of antibiotic resistance. Nevertheless, novel antimicrobial concepts are necessary for efficient bacterial control in extended boar semen with a minimum risk of evoking antibiotic resistance. Enhanced efforts have been made in recent years in the design and use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. The male genital tract harbors a series of endogenic substances with antimicrobial activity and additional functions relevant to the fertilization process. However, exogenic AMPs often exert dose- and time-dependent toxic effects on mammalian spermatozoa. Therefore, it is important that potential newly designed AMPs have only minor impacts on eukaryotic cells. Recently, synthetic magainin derivatives and cyclic hexapeptides were tested for their application in boar semen preservation. Bacterial selectivity, proteolytic stability, thermodynamic resistance, and potential synergistic interaction with conventional antibiotics propel predominantly cyclic hexapeptides into highly promising, leading candidates for further development in semen preservation. The time scale for the development of resistant pathogens cannot be predicted at this moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schulze
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow Inc., Bernau, Germany.
| | - M Dathe
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Waberski
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine of Clinics, Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
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Schulze M, Grobbel M, Müller K, Junkes C, Dathe M, Rüdiger K, Jung M. Challenges and Limits Using Antimicrobial Peptides in Boar Semen Preservation. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50 Suppl 2:5-10. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schulze
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow Inc.; Bernau Germany
| | - M Grobbel
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Berlin Germany
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment; Berlin Germany
| | - K Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Berlin Germany
| | - C Junkes
- Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology; Berlin Germany
| | - M Dathe
- Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology; Berlin Germany
| | - K Rüdiger
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow Inc.; Bernau Germany
| | - M Jung
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow Inc.; Bernau Germany
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Kipfmueller F, Schneider J, Prusseit J, Dimitriou I, Zur B, Franz AR, Bartmann P, Mueller A. Role of Neutrophil CD64 Index as a Screening Marker for Late-Onset Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124634. [PMID: 25894336 PMCID: PMC4404048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of CD64 in late onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants has been described in several studies. Aim of this study was to investigate whether CD64 expression is increased in the days before clinical manifestation of LOS. Methods Patients with birth weight below 1,500g were eligible for study participation. During routine blood sampling CD64 index was determined between day of life 4 and 28. Patients were allocated to one of four groups: (1) blood-culture positive sepsis, (2) clinical sepsis, (3) symptoms of infection without biochemical evidence of infection, or (4) patients without suspected infection. Kinetics of CD64 expression were compared during a period before and after the day of infection in the respective groups. Results 50 infants were prospectively enrolled and allocated to each group as follows: group (1) n = 7; group (2) n = 10; group (3) n = 8; and group (4) n = 25. CD64 index was elevated in 57% of patients in group (1) at least two days before infection. In contrast only 20% in the clinical sepsis group and 0% in group (3) had an elevated CD64 index in the days before infection. 10 of the 25 patients in the control group (4) presented increased CD64 index values during the study period. Conclusions The CD64 index might be a promising marker to detect LOS before infants demonstrate signs or symptoms of infection. However, larger prospective studies are needed to define optimal cut-off values and to investigate the role of non-infectious inflammation in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kipfmueller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Schneider
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Prusseit
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ioanna Dimitriou
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Berndt Zur
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Axel R. Franz
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Current affiliation: Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Mueller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Children‘s Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Otvos L, Ostorhazi E. Therapeutic utility of antibacterial peptides in wound healing. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:871-81. [PMID: 25835521 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1033402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides were first thought to fight infection in animal models by disintegrating bacterial peptides and later by inhibiting bacteria-specific intracellular processes. However, ever increasing evidences indicate that cationic peptides accumulate around and modulate the immune system both systemically and in cutaneous and mucosal surfaces where injuries and infections occur. Native and designer antibacterial peptides as well as cationic peptides, never considered as antibiotics, promote wound healing at every step of cutaneous tissue regeneration. This article provides an introductory list of examples of how cationic peptides are involved in immunostimulation and epithelial tissue repair, eliminating wound infections and promoting wound healing in potential therapeutic utility in sight. Although a few antimicrobial peptides reached the Phase II clinical trial stage, toxicity concerns limit the potential administration routes. Resistance induction to both microbiology actions and the integrity of the innate immune system has to be carefully monitored.
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Siroski PA, Russi NB, Ortega HH, Formentini EA. In vitro evaluation of synergistic activity between ciprofloxacin and broad snouted caiman serum against Escherichia coli. Res Vet Sci 2014; 98:98-105. [PMID: 25468795 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro synergistic activity between ciprofloxacin and serum of broad snouted caiman on Escherichia coli was studied. The estimated MIC value of ciprofloxacin was 0.0188 µg/ml, and two assays of kill curve during 5 hours were performed: the first one in a standard culture medium and the second one in the presence of caiman serum. Different concentrations of ciprofloxacin were tested. Ciprofloxacin showed higher values of bacterial elimination rate in the presence of caiman serum in all concentrations tested. The combined activity of sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and the humoral immune factors present in caiman serum determined an increase in the bacterial elimination observed in this assay. We suggest that the antibacterial activity of complement and natural antibodies present in caiman serum, which can bind to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and acting through the classical complement pathway, can inhibit bacterial growth of Escherichia coli by lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Siroski
- ICIVET-CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P. Kreder 2805, CP S3080HOF Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MASPyMA) Departamento de ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria -Paraje El Pozo, CP S3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - N B Russi
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología del Hospital de Salud Animal-Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P. Kreder 2805, CP S3080HOF Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H H Ortega
- ICIVET-CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P. Kreder 2805, CP S3080HOF Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E A Formentini
- Cátedra de Farmacología-Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P. Kreder 2805, CP S3080HOF Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Drago L, Bortolin M, Vassena C, Romanò CL, Taschieri S, Fabbro MD. Plasma components and platelet activation are essential for the antimicrobial properties of autologous platelet-rich plasma: an in vitro study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107813. [PMID: 25232963 PMCID: PMC4169456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous platelet concentrates are successfully adopted in a variety of medical fields to stimulate bone and soft tissue regeneration. The rationale for their use consists in the delivery of a wide range of platelet-derived bioactive molecules that promotes wound healing. In addition, antimicrobial properties of platelet concentrates have been pointed out. In this study, the effect of the platelet concentration, of the activation step and of the presence of plasmatic components on the antimicrobial activity of pure platelet-rich plasma was investigated against gram positive bacteria isolated from oral cavity. The antibacterial activity, evaluated as the minimum inhibitory concentration, was determined through the microdilution two-fold serial method. Results seem to suggest that the antimicrobial activity of platelet-rich plasma against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus oralis and Staphylococcus aureus is sustained by a co-operation between plasma components and platelet-derived factors and that the activation of coagulation is a fundamental step. The findings of this study may have practical implications in the modality of application of platelet concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Technical Sciences for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Monica Bortolin
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Vassena
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo L. Romanò
- Center of Reconstructive Surgery and Osteoarticular Infection, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Taschieri
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Strunk T, Inder T, Wang X, Burgner D, Mallard C, Levy O. Infection-induced inflammation and cerebral injury in preterm infants. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:751-762. [PMID: 24877996 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth and infectious diseases are the most common causes of neonatal and early childhood deaths worldwide. The rates of preterm birth have increased over recent decades and account for 11% of all births worldwide. Preterm infants are at significant risk of severe infection in early life and throughout childhood. Bacteraemia, inflammation, or both during the neonatal period in preterm infants is associated with adverse outcomes, including death, chronic lung disease, and neurodevelopmental impairment. Recent studies suggest that bacteraemia could trigger cerebral injury even without penetration of viable bacteria into the CNS. Here we review available evidence that supports the concept of a strong association between bacteraemia, inflammation, and cerebral injury in preterm infants, with an emphasis on the underlying biological mechanisms, clinical correlates, and translational opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Strunk
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Terrie Inder
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology and Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Shangjie, Henan, China
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carina Mallard
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ofer Levy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Jiang Z, Vasil AI, Vasil ML, Hodges RS. "Specificity Determinants" Improve Therapeutic Indices of Two Antimicrobial Peptides Piscidin 1 and Dermaseptin S4 Against the Gram-negative Pathogens Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:366-91. [PMID: 24670666 PMCID: PMC4014698 DOI: 10.3390/ph7040366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of antimicrobial agents with lower rates of resistance and different targets is urgently needed because of the rapidly increasing resistance to classical antibiotics. Amphipathic cationic α-helical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent such a class of compounds. In our previous studies, using a 26-residue de novo designed antimicrobial peptide, we proposed the concept of “specificity determinant(s)”: positively charged residue(s) in the center of the non-polar face of AMPs that could decrease hemolytic activity/toxicity but increase or maintain the same level of antimicrobial activity to increase dramatically the therapeutic index. In the current study, we used d-enantiomers of two AMPs, Piscidin 1 isolated from fish and dermaseptin S4 isolated from frog. We substituted different positions in the center of the hydrophobic face with one or two lysine residue(s) (one or two “specificity determinant(s)”). This simple modification not only maintained or improved antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative pathogens Acinetobacter baumannii (11 strains) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6 strains), but also dramatically decreased hemolytic activity of human red blood cells, as predicted. Therapeutic indices improved by 55-fold and 730-fold for piscidin 1 (I9K) and dermaseptin S4 (L7K, A14K), respectively, against A. baumannii. Similarly, the therapeutic indices improved 32-fold and 980-fold for piscidin 1 (I9K) and dermaseptin S4 (L7K, A14K), respectively, against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Adriana I Vasil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Michael L Vasil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Robert S Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Miajlovic H, Smith SG. Bacterial self-defence: how Escherichia coli evades serum killing. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 354:1-9. [PMID: 24617921 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to survive the bactericidal action of serum is advantageous to extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli that gain access to the bloodstream. Evasion of the innate defences present in serum, including complement and antimicrobial peptides, involves multiple factors. Serum resistance mechanisms utilized by E. coli include the production of protective extracellular polysaccharide capsules and expression of factors that inhibit or interfere with the complement cascade. Recent studies have also highlighted the importance of structural integrity of the cell envelope in serum survival. These survival strategies are outlined in this review with particular attention to novel findings and recent insights into well-established resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Miajlovic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sir Patrick Dun Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Arpornsuwan T, Buasakul B, Jaresitthikunchai J, Roytrakul S. Potent and rapid antigonococcal activity of the venom peptide BmKn2 and its derivatives against different Maldi biotype of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Peptides 2014; 53:315-20. [PMID: 24184420 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae constitutes a serious threat to public health and necessitates the discovery of new types of antimicrobial agents. Among the 18 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae with susceptible to spectinomycin, ceftriaxone and cefixime, 14 isolates were resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, while 2 isolates were susceptible to tetracycline and another was penicillin intermediate isolate. Significant differences between laboratory strain and multidrug resistant strains were revealed by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry profiling and bioinformatics examination using the MALDI BioTyper software. However, Maldi Biotyper was not successfully separated ciprofloxacin-penicillin resistance and ciprofloxacin-tetracycline resistance from ciprofloxacin-penicillin-tetracycline resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolates. BmKn2 is a basic, alpha-helical peptide with no disulfide-bridge venom peptides that was first isolated from Buthus martensii Kasch. A panel of BmKn2 scorpion venom peptide and its derivatives of varying length and characteristics were synthesized chemically and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of clinical N. gonorrhoeae isolates. Synthetic BmKn2 displayed potent activity against 18 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae with MIC50 values of 6.9-27.6 μM. BmKn2 exerted its antibacterial activity via a bactericidal mechanism. Cyclic BmKn1 did not show antigonococcal activity. Decreasing the cationicity and helix percentage at the C-terminus of BmKn2 reduced the potency against N. gonorrhoeae. Taken together, the BmKn1 peptide can be developed as a topical therapeutic agent for treating multidrug-resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerakul Arpornsuwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
| | - Brisana Buasakul
- Sexually Transmitted Infection Cluster, Bureau of AIDS TB and STIs, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Sathon, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Ginsburg I, Koren E. Are cationic antimicrobial peptides also ‘double-edged swords’? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 6:453-62. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.6.4.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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50
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Hein-Kristensen L, Knapp KM, Franzyk H, Gram L. Selectivity in the potentiation of antibacterial activity of α-peptide/β-peptoid peptidomimetics and antimicrobial peptides by human blood plasma. Res Microbiol 2013; 164:933-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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