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Liu F, Deng Y, Wang A, Yang T, Ke H, Tang Y, Wu H, Chen H. Harness arsenic in medicine: current status of arsenicals and recent advances in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38913024 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2372363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arsenicals have a special place in the history of human health, acting both as poison and medicine. Having been used to treat a variety of diseases in the past, the success of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in the last century marked its use as a drug in modern medicine. To expand their role against cancer, there have been clinical uses of arsenicals worldwide and progress in the development of drug delivery for various malignancies, especially solid tumors. AREAS COVERED In this review, conducted on Google Scholar [1977-2024], we start with various forms of arsenicals, highlighting the well-known ATO. The mechanism of action of arsenicals in cancer therapy is then overviewed. A summary of the research progress in developing new delivery approaches (e.g. polymers, inorganic frameworks, and biomacromolecules) in recent years is provided, addressing the challenges and opportunities in treating various malignant tumors. EXPERT OPINION Reducing toxicity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy are guidelines for designing and developing new arsenicals and drug delivery systems. They have shown potential in the fight against cancer and emerging pathogens. New technologies and strategies can help us harness the potency of arsenicals and make better products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yibin Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Anru Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hengte Ke
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huabing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Chowdhary S, Deka R, Panda K, Kumar R, Solomon AD, Das J, Kanoujiya S, Gupta AK, Sinha S, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Gupta PK. Recent Updates on Viral Oncogenesis: Available Preventive and Therapeutic Entities. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3698-3740. [PMID: 37486263 PMCID: PMC10410670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Human viral oncogenesis is a complex phenomenon and a major contributor to the global cancer burden. Several recent findings revealed cellular and molecular pathways that promote the development and initiation of malignancy when viruses cause an infection. Even, antiviral treatment has become an approach to eliminate the viral infections and prevent the activation of oncogenesis. Therefore, for a better understanding, the molecular pathogenesis of various oncogenic viruses like, hepatitis virus, human immunodeficiency viral (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), could be explored, especially, to expand many potent antivirals that may escalate the apoptosis of infected malignant cells while sparing normal and healthy ones. Moreover, contemporary therapies, such as engineered antibodies antiviral agents targeting signaling pathways and cell biomarkers, could inhibit viral oncogenesis. This review elaborates the recent advancements in both natural and synthetic antivirals to control viral oncogenesis. The study also highlights the challenges and future perspectives of using antivirals in viral oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Chowdhary
- Department
of Industrial Microbiology, Sam Higginbottom
University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rahul Deka
- Department
of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla
Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kingshuk Panda
- Department
of Applied Microbiology, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department
of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishikt David Solomon
- Department
of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jimli Das
- Centre
for
Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh
University, Assam 786004, India
| | - Supriya Kanoujiya
- School
of
Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Somya Sinha
- Department
of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to
Be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Division
of Research and Development, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to
Be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
- Faculty
of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International
University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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Hleihel R, Skayneh H, de Thé H, Hermine O, Bazarbachi A. Primary cells from patients with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma depend on HTLV-1 Tax expression for NF-κB activation and survival. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:67. [PMID: 37137914 PMCID: PMC10156663 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy secondary to chronic infection with human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The viral oncoprotein Tax initiates T cell transformation through activation of critical cellular pathways, including NF-κB. Unexpectedly, Tax protein is not detectable in most ATL cells, in contrast to the HTLV-1 HBZ protein which antagonizes Tax effects. Here, we demonstrate that primary ATL cells from patients with acute or chronic ATL express very low levels of Tax mRNA and protein. Critically, survival of these primary ATL cells is dependent on continued Tax expression. Mechanistically, Tax extinction results in reversal of NF-κB activation, P53/PML activation and apoptosis. Tax drives interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression and recombinant IL-10 rescues the survival of tax-depleted primary ATL cells. These results demonstrate the critical role of continued Tax and IL-10 expression for the survival of primary ATL cells, highlighting their relevance as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hleihel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Skayneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hugues de Thé
- INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Cité, Hôpital St. Louis 1, Paris, France
- Service d'Hématologie, Assistance Publique, Hôpital St. Louis 1, Paris, France
- College de France, PSL research University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Institut Imagine-INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, Necker Hospital, University of Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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4
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El Hajj H, Bazarbachi A. Interplay between innate immunity and the viral oncoproteins Tax and HBZ in the pathogenesis and therapeutic response of HTLV-1 associated adult T cell leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957535. [PMID: 35935975 PMCID: PMC9352851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human T-cell Leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes an array of pathologies, the most aggressive of which is adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), a fatal blood malignancy with dismal prognosis. The progression of these diseases is partly ascribed to the failure of the immune system in controlling the spread of virally infected cells. HTLV-1 infected subjects, whether asymptomatic carriers or symptomatic patients are prone to opportunistic infections. An increasing body of literature emphasizes the interplay between HTLV-1, its associated pathologies, and the pivotal role of the host innate and adoptive immune system, in shaping the progression of HTLV-1 associated diseases and their response to therapy. In this review, we will describe the modalities adopted by the malignant ATL cells to subvert the host innate immune response with emphasis on the role of the two viral oncoproteins Tax and HBZ in this process. We will also provide a comprehensive overview on the function of innate immunity in the therapeutic response to chemotherapy, anti-viral or targeted therapies in the pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- *Correspondence: Ali Bazarbachi,
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5
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El Hajj H, Hleihel R, El Sabban M, Bruneau J, Zaatari G, Cheminant M, Marçais A, Akkouche A, Hasegawa H, Hall W, De Thé H, Hermine O, Bazarbachi A. Loss of interleukin-10 activates innate immunity to eradicate adult T-cell leukemia-initiating cells. Haematologica 2021; 106:1443-1456. [PMID: 33567810 PMCID: PMC8094094 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.264523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is associated with chronic human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection and carries a poor pr o gnosi s. Arsenic tr ioxide (AS) and inter feron-alpha (IFN) together selectively trigger Tax viral oncoprotein degradation and cure Tax-driven murine ATL. AS/IFN/zidovudine treatment achieves a high response rate in patients with chronic ATL. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an immuno-suppressive cytokine whose expression is activated by Tax. Here we show that, in ATL, AS/IFN-induced abrogation of leukemiainitiating cell activity requires IL-10 expression shutoff. Loss of IL-10 secretion drives production of inflammatory cytokines by the microenvironment, followed by innate immunity-mediated clearance of Tax-driven leukemic cells. Accordingly, anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibodies significantly increased the efficiency of AS/IFNtherapy. These results emphasize the sequential targeting of malignant ATL cells and their immune microenvironment in leukemia-initiating cell eradication and provide a strong rationale to test the AS/IFN/anti-IL10 combination in ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107 2020 Beirut.
| | - Rita Hleihel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107 2020 Beirut
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107 2020 Beirut
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Institut Imagine - INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital, University of Paris, 75015 Paris France; Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, University of Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris
| | - Ghazi Zaatari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107 2020 Beirut
| | - Morgane Cheminant
- Institut Imagine - INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital, University of Paris, 75015 Paris France; Department of Hematology, Necker Hospital, University of Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris
| | - Ambroise Marçais
- Department of Hematology, Necker Hospital, University of Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM UMR 1151, University of Paris, Paris
| | - Abdou Akkouche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107 2020 Beirut
| | | | - William Hall
- University College Dublin, 47335 Dublin, Ireland; GI CoRE, Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - Hugues De Thé
- INSERM UMR 944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux 75475 PARIS cedex 10 France; CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux 75475 PARIS cedex 10 France; College de France, Place Marcelin Berthelot 75005 PARIS France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Institut Imagine - INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital, University of Paris, 75015 Paris France; Department of Hematology, Necker Hospital, University of Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris.
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107 2020 Beirut.
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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Arsenic Toxicity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020240. [PMID: 32033297 PMCID: PMC7072296 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning is a global health problem. Chronic exposure to arsenic has been associated with the development of a wide range of diseases and health problems in humans. Arsenic exposure induces the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which mediate multiple changes to cell behavior by altering signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications, or cause direct oxidative damage to molecules. Antioxidants with the potential to reduce ROS levels have been shown to ameliorate arsenic-induced lesions. However, emerging evidence suggests that constructive activation of antioxidative pathways and decreased ROS levels contribute to chronic arsenic toxicity in some cases. This review details the pathways involved in arsenic-induced redox imbalance, as well as current studies on prophylaxis and treatment strategies using antioxidants.
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7
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Combined mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibition blocks growth and induces catastrophic macropinocytosis in cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24583-24592. [PMID: 31732667 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911393116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which plays a critical role in regulating cellular growth and metabolism, is aberrantly regulated in the pathogenesis of a variety of neoplasms. Here we demonstrate that dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors OSI-027 and PP242 cause catastrophic macropinocytosis in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells and cancers of the skin, breast, lung, and cervix, whereas the effects are much less pronounced in immortalized human keratinocytes. Using RMS as a model, we characterize in detail the mechanism of macropinocytosis induction. Macropinosomes are distinct from endocytic vesicles and autophagosomes in that they are single-membrane bound vacuoles formed by projection, ruffling, and contraction of plasma membranes. They are positive for EEA-1 and LAMP-1 and contain watery fluid but not organelles. The vacuoles then merge and rupture, killing the cells. We confirmed the inhibition of mTORC1/mTORC2 as the underpinning mechanism for macropinocytosis. Exposure to rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, or mTORC2 knockdown alone had little or reduced effect relative to the combination. We further demonstrate that macropinocytosis depends on MKK4 activated by elevated reactive oxygen species. In a murine xenograft model, OSI-027 reduced RMS tumor growth. Molecular characterization of the residual tumors was consistent with the induction of macropinocytosis. Furthermore, relative to the control xenograft tumors, the residual tumors manifested reduced expression of cell proliferation markers and proteins that drive the epithelial mesenchymal transition. These data indicate a role of mTORC2 in regulating tumor growth by macropinocytosis and suggest that dual inhibitors could help block refractory or recurrent RMS and perhaps other neoplasms and other cancer as well.
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Siraj AK, Begum R, Melosantos R, Albalawy W, Abboud J, Siraj N, Al-Kuraya KS. Zamzam water protects cancer cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis via mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109376. [PMID: 31545262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many Muslims believe that water from the Zamzam well is the cure for every disease. Zamzam water (ZW) is naturally alkaline water consumed by millions of people worldwide. The current study investigated the effect of ZW on cell viability and apoptosis in breast, colorectal and ovarian cancer cell lines and compared the effect with that of drinking water (DW). METHODS Three different ZW samples collected from different sources at different periods were used. To balance the tonicity, ZW and DW were buffered using PBS and the pH was adjusted to 7.4. For the treatment, ZW and DW were diluted to 50% with RPMI medium (10% FBS). Cancer cell lines were treated with ZW or DW, with and without chemotherapeutic agents, for 24 h. Apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry whilst the level of protein expression was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that treatment with ZW significantly increased cell proliferation compared to DW control. Treatment with ZW significantly suppressed the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on decreasing cell viability and inducing apoptosis in all the cancer cell lines compared to chemotherapeutic agents alone treated in DW. Furthermore, ZW treatment increased the phosphorylation of CRAF, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and P38 proteins in these cell lines. Notably, treatment with ZW suppressed the effect of chemotherapy-induced reduction of CRAF, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and P38 phosphorylation in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. We also showed that silencing of ERK1/2 significantly increased the chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in breast and colorectal cancer cell lines. These data suggest that MAPK proteins; especially activated ERK1/2 may play a role in ZW mediated suppression of chemotherapy-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS These findings clearly demonstrate that ZW protects cancer cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis through activation of the ERK1/2-MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khalid Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafia Begum
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roxanne Melosantos
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Albalawy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehan Abboud
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Zhou J, Ci X, Ma X, Yu Q, Cui Y, Zhen Y, Li S. Pterostilbene Activates the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant Response to Ameliorate Arsenic-Induced Intracellular Damage and Apoptosis in Human Keratinocytes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:497. [PMID: 31139082 PMCID: PMC6519314 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that regulates the cellular adaptive response to oxidative stress, is a target for limiting tissue damage from exposure to environmental toxins, including arsenic. In the current study, we determine whether Pterostilbene (Pts), as a potent activator of Nrf2, has a protective effect on arsenic-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human keratinocytes. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) or mouse epidermal cells (JB6) were pretreated with Pts for 24 h prior to arsenic treatment. Harvested cells were analyzed by MTT, DCFH-DA, commercial kits, Flow cytometry assay and western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that Pts effectively regulated the viability in HaCaT and JB6 cells, decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation (MDA), and improved the NaAsO2-induced depletion of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, Pts treatment further dramatically inhibited NaAsO2-induced apoptosis, specifically the mitochondrial mediation of apoptosis, which coincided with the effective recovery of NaAsO2-induced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria. Furthermore, arsenic-induced decrease of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, and increase of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and Bad, as well as survival signal related factor caspase 3 activation were reversed by Pts treatment. Further mechanistic studies confirmed that Pts increased antioxidant enzyme expression in a dose-dependent manner, which was related to Nrf2 nuclear translocation. In addition, the effects of Pts on NaAsO2-induced cell viability were largely weakened when Nrf2 was knocked down. Together, our results provide evidence for the use of Pts to activate the Nrf2 pathway to alleviate arsenic-induced dermal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Ci
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ma
- General Situation of Jilin Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinlei Yu
- General Situation of Jilin Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
It has been nearly 40 years since human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1), the first oncogenic retrovirus in humans and the first demonstrable cause of cancer by an infectious agent, was discovered. Studies indicate that HTLV-1 is arguably one of the most carcinogenic agents to humans. In addition, HTLV-1 causes a diverse array of diseases, including myelopathy and immunodeficiency, which cause morbidity and mortality to many people in the world, including the indigenous population in Australia, a fact that was emphasized only recently. HTLV-1 can be transmitted by infected lymphocytes, from mother to child via breast feeding, by sex, by blood transfusion, and by organ transplant. Therefore, the prevention of HTLV-1 infection is possible but such action has been taken in only a limited part of the world. However, until now it has not been listed by the World Health Organization as a sexually transmitted organism nor, oddly, recognized as an oncogenic virus by the recent list of the National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health. Such underestimation of HTLV-1 by health agencies has led to a remarkable lack of funding supporting research and development of treatments and vaccines, causing HTLV-1 to remain a global threat. Nonetheless, there are emerging novel therapeutic and prevention strategies which will help people who have diseases caused by HTLV-1. In this review, we present a brief historic overview of the key events in HTLV-1 research, including its pivotal role in generating ideas of a retrovirus cause of AIDS and in several essential technologies applicable to the discovery of HIV and the unraveling of its genes and their function. This is followed by the status of HTLV-1 research and the preventive and therapeutic developments of today. We also discuss pending issues and remaining challenges to enable the eradication of HTLV-1 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Robert Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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11
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The HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax is modified by the ubiquitin related modifier 1 (Urm1). Retrovirology 2018; 15:33. [PMID: 29665857 PMCID: PMC5904992 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy secondary to chronic human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 infection, triggered by the virally encoded oncoprotein Tax. The transforming activity and subcellular localization of Tax is strongly influenced by posttranslational modifications, among which ubiquitylation and SUMOylation have been identified as key regulators of the nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling of Tax, as well as its ability to activate NF-κB signaling. Results Adding to the complex posttranslational modification landscape of Tax, we here demonstrate that Tax also interacts with the ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (Urm1). Conjugation of Urm1 to Tax results in a redistribution of Tax to the cytoplasm and major increase in the transcription of the NF-ĸB targets Rantes and interleukin-6. Utilizing a tax-transgenic Drosophila model, we show that the Urm1-dependent subcellular targeting of Tax is evolutionary conserved, and that the presence of Urm1 is strongly correlated with the transcriptional output of Diptericin, an antimicrobial peptide and established downstream target of NF-κB in flies. Conclusions These data put forward Urm1 as a novel Tax modifier that modulates its oncogenic activity and hence represents a potential novel target for developing new strategies for treating ATL.
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Wu S, Xu L, Huang X, Geng S, Xu Y, Chen S, Yang L, Wu X, Weng J, DU X, Li Y. Arsenic induced complete remission in a refractory T-ALL patient with a distinct T-cell clonal evolution without molecular complete remission: A case report. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:4123-4130. [PMID: 27313752 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, arsenic trioxide therapy is widely used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), relapsed and refractory adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndrome. Regarding the broad antitumor activity of arsenic, certain studies have been undertaken to test its efficacy in treating acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines and patients; however, to the best of our knowledge, no reports document that arsenic is able to induce the remission of T-ALL patients. The present study reports the case of young male patient diagnosed with T-ALL, with no significant response to common chemotherapy regimens, who finally achieved complete remission without minimal residual disease (as detected by flow cytometry) due to arsenic treatment. This result is encouraging, and the present study has shown that malignant TCRαβ+ cell clones can be detected at the molecular level using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with the GeneScan technique. The result is mainly based on the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ1 clone (a 190-base pair PCR product that with the same complementarity determining region 3 length can be detected for all samples collected during various statuses) and on undetectable TCR Vγ subfamily members, at the time of disease diagnosis. It is important to analyze the dynamically changing TCR pool in leukemia patients during therapy. Although the molecular mechanism through which arsenic contributes to malignant clone elimination remains unclear in the case presented, the use of arsenic is expected to be effective for clinically treating refractory and relapsed T-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suijing Wu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Suxia Geng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Yang
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Janyu Weng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xin DU
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Abstract
Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive malignant disease of CD4+ T-cells associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). Prognosis of ATL patients is directly correlated to the subtype of ATL. Treatment of the aggressive forms (acute and lymphoma types) of ATL remains inadequate, as most ATL patients receive conventional chemotherapy without stem cell rescue. At present, LSG15 is the standard chemotherapy for the treatment of aggressive ATL, but the efficacy of LSG15 in most patients is transient. To prolong median survival time, additional therapies for maintenance of complete response (CR) are needed after achieving CR by induction chemotherapy. Improved outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), despite a high incidence of graft-versus-host disease, has been reported. Thus, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and allogeneic peripheral blood SCT may have great potential for eradication of HTLV-1 and cure of ATL. Recently, reduced-intensity conditioning stem cell transplantation was also reported to be effective for ATL. Although several issues, including selection criteria for patients and sources of stem cells remain to be resolved, allo-SCT may be considered as a treatment option for patients with aggressive ATL. To evaluate whether allo-SCT is more effective than the standard chemotherapy (LSG15) for aggressive ATL, an up front phase II clinical trial of JCOG-LSG is now being planned. Novel innovative targeted strategies, such as antiretroviral therapy, arsenic trioxide, nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, several monoclonal antibodies including anti-CC chemokine receptor 4, anti-folate, purine nucleotide phosphorylase inhibitor, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, bendamustine, small molecule Bcl-2 inhibitors and Tax-targeted immunotherapy, should be promptly studied in order to develop curative treatments for ATL in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiru Uozumi
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kagoshima University Hospital.
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Xiang T, Du L, Pham P, Zhu B, Jiang S. Nelfinavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human cervical cancer cells via the ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Cancer Lett 2015; 364:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Nicolás D, Ambrosioni J, Paredes R, Marcos MÁ, Manzardo C, Moreno A, Miró JM. Infection with human retroviruses other than HIV-1: HIV-2, HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:947-63. [PMID: 26112187 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1056157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 is the most prevalent retrovirus, with over 30 million people infected worldwide. Nevertheless, infection caused by other human retroviruses like HIV-2, HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 is gaining importance. Initially confined to specific geographical areas, HIV-2, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are becoming a major concern in non-endemic countries due to international migration flows. Clinical manifestations of retroviruses range from asymptomatic carriers to life-threatening conditions, such as AIDS in HIV-2 infection or adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia or tropical spastic paraparesis in HTLV-1 infection. HIV-2 is naturally resistant to some antiretrovirals frequently used to treat HIV-1 infection, but it does have effective antiretroviral therapy options. Unfortunately, HTLV still has limited therapeutic options. In this article, we will review the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, pathogenic and therapeutic aspects of infections caused by these human retroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nicolás
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Imrichova D, Messingerova L, Seres M, Kavcova H, Pavlikova L, Coculova M, Breier A, Sulova Z. Selection of resistant acute myeloid leukemia SKM-1 and MOLM-13 cells by vincristine-, mitoxantrone- and lenalidomide-induced upregulation of P-glycoprotein activity and downregulation of CD33 cell surface exposure. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 77:29-39. [PMID: 26002042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients contain upregulated levels of cell surface antigen CD33 compared with healthy controls. This difference enables the use of humanized anti-CD33 antibody conjugated to cytotoxic agents for CD33 targeted immunotherapy. However, the expression of the membrane-bound drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has been shown to be critical for resistance against the cytotoxicity of a humanized anti-CD33 antibody conjugated to maytansine-derivative DM4. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the expression of P-gp in AML cell lines is associated with changes in CD33 expression. For this purpose, we established drug resistant variants of SKM-1 and MOLM-13 AML cell lines via the selection of parental cells for resistance to vincristine, mitoxantrone and lenalidomide. All three substances induced a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in SKM-1 cells associated with strong upregulation of P-gp and downregulation of CD33. However, in MOLM-13 cells, the upregulation of P-gp and downregulation of CD33 were present only in cells selected for resistance to vincristine and mitoxantrone but not lenalidomide. Inverse expression of P-gp and CD33 were observed in all resistant variants of SKM-1 and MOLM-13 cells. The MDR phenotype of resistant variants of SKM-1 and MOLM-13 cells was associated with alterations in apoptotic regulatory proteins and downregulation of the multidrug resistance associated protein 1 and breast cancer resistance protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Imrichova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 5, 833 34 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - L Messingerova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 5, 833 34 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M Seres
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 5, 833 34 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - H Kavcova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 5, 833 34 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - L Pavlikova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 5, 833 34 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M Coculova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - A Breier
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 5, 833 34 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Z Sulova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 5, 833 34 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Downregulation of thymidylate synthase and E2F1 by arsenic trioxide in mesothelioma. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:113-22. [PMID: 25335113 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a global health issue. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been shown to suppress thymidylate synthase (TYMS) in lung adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer, and induce apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia. With TYMS as a putative therapeutic target, the effect of ATO in mesothelioma was therefore studied. A panel of 5 mesothelioma cell lines was used to study the effect of ATO on cell viability, protein expression, mRNA expression and TYMS activity by MTT assay, western blot, qPCR and tritium-release assay, respectively. The knockdown of TYMS and E2F1 was performed with a specific siRNA. Phosphatidylserine externalization and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were measured by Annexin V and JC-1 staining respectively. The in vivo effect of ATO was studied using a nude mouse xenograft model. Application of ATO demonstrated anticancer effects in the cell line model with clinically achievable concentrations. Downregulation of TYMS protein (except H226 cells and 1.25 µM ATO in H2052 cells) and mRNA expression (H28 cells), pRB1 (H28 cells) and E2F1 and TYMS activity (except H226 cells) were also evident. E2F1 knockdown decreased cell viability more significantly than TYMS knockdown. In general, thymidine kinase 1, ribonucleotide reductase M1, c-myc and skp2 were downregulated by ATO. p-c-Jun was downregulated in H28 cells while upregulated in 211H cells. Phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and upregulation of Bak and cleaved caspase-3 were observed. In the H226 xenograft model, the relative tumor growth was aborted, and E2F1 was downregulated while cleaved caspase-3 was elevated and localized to the nucleus in the ATO treatment group. ATO has potent antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in mesothelioma in vitro and in vivo, partially mediated through E2F1 targeting (less effect through TYMS targeting). There is sound scientific evidence to support the clinical application of ATO in treatment of mesothelioma.
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Wang C, Chen X, Zou H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhao S. The roles of mitoferrin-2 in the process of arsenic trioxide-induced cell damage in human gliomas. Eur J Med Res 2014; 19:49. [PMID: 25256833 PMCID: PMC4200193 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-014-0049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among glioma treatment strategies, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has shown efficacy as a therapeutic agent against human gliomas. However, the exact antitumor mechanism of action of As2O3 is still unclear. Mitochondria are considered to be the major source of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to be associated with As2O3-induced cell damage. Therefore, we investigated whether mitoferrin-2, a mitochondrial iron uptake transporter, participates in As2O3-induced cell killing in human gliomas. Methods Human glioma cell lines were used to explore the mechanism of As2O3’s antitumor effects. First, expression of mitoferrin-2 was analyzed in glioma cells that were pretreated with As2O3. Changes in ROS production and apoptosis were assessed. Furthermore, cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Results In the present study we found that As2O3 induced ROS production and apoptosis in glioma cells. In addition, gene expression of mitoferrin-2, a mitochondrial iron uptake transporter, was increased 4 to 5 fold after exposure to As2O3 (5 μM) for 48 hours. Furthermore, apoptosis and cytotoxicity induced by As2O3 in glioma cells were decreased after silencing the mitoferrin-2 gene. Conclusions Our findings indicated that mitoferrin-2 participates in mitochondrial ROS-dependent mechanisms underlying As2O3-mediated damage in glioma cells.
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Graham B, Stevens J, Wells P, Sims J, Rogers C, Leggett SS, Ekunwe S, Ndebele K. Enhancement of arsenic trioxide-mediated changes in human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:7524-36. [PMID: 25054231 PMCID: PMC4113892 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110707524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS) are an artificially derived type of pluripotent stem cell, showing many of the same characteristics as natural pluripotent stem cells. IPS are a hopeful therapeutic model; however there is a critical need to determine their response to environmental toxins. Effects of arsenic on cells have been studied extensively; however, its effect on IPS is yet to be elucidated. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and genotoxicity in many cells. Based on ATOs action in other cells, we hypothesize that it will induce alterations in morphology, inhibit cell viability and induce a genotoxic effect on IPS. Cells were treated for 24 hours with ATO (0-9 µg/mL). Cell morphology, viability and DNA damage were documented. Results indicated sufficient changes in morphology of cell colonies mainly in cell ability to maintain grouping and ability to remain adherent. Cell viability decreased in a dose dependent manner. There were significant increases in tail length and moment as well as destruction of intact DNA as concentration increased. Exposure to ATO resulted in a reproducible dose dependent sequence of events marked by changes in morphology, decrease of cell viability, and induction of genotoxicity in IPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Graham
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Target Validation, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Stevens
- RCMI Molecular Core Lab, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Phatia Wells
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Target Validation, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Jennifer Sims
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Target Validation, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Christian Rogers
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Sophia S Leggett
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Stephen Ekunwe
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Kenneth Ndebele
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Target Validation, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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Lam SK, Mak JCW, Zheng CY, Li YY, Kwong YL, Ho JCM. Downregulation of thymidylate synthase with arsenic trioxide in lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:2093-102. [PMID: 24691991 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important chemotherapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been shown to suppress TYMS in a colonic cancer model. We examined the effects of TYMS suppression by ATO in lung adenocarcinoma. A panel of 4 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines was used to determine the effects of ATO treatment on cell viability, TYMS expression (protein and mRNA), E2F1 protein expression and TYMS activity. TYMS knockdown and overexpression were performed. Tumor growth inhibition in vivo was studied using a nude mouse xenograft model. ATO showed antiproliferative effects with clinically achievable concentrations (around 1.1-6.9 µM) in 4 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Downregulation of TYMS protein and mRNA expression, reduced TYMS activity, and suppressed E2F1 expression were demonstrated in lung adenocarcinoma with ATO. Cell viability was reduced by 15-50% with TYMS knockdown. Overexpression of TYMS led to a 2.7-fold increase in IC50 value with ATO treatment in H358 cells, but not in H23 cells. Using a xenograft model with H358 cell line, relative tumor volume was reduced to 44% that of the control following 8 days of treatment with 7.5 mg/kg ATO, and associated with significant downregulation of TYMS protein expression. In conclusion, ATO has potent in vitro and in vivo activity in lung adenocarcinoma, and is partially mediated by transcriptional downregulation of TYMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Kwan Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Judith Choi-Wo Mak
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Zheng
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yok-Lam Kwong
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - James Chung-Man Ho
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
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Cachat A, Chevalier SA, Alais S, Ko NL, Ratner L, Journo C, Dutartre H, Mahieux R. Alpha interferon restricts human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 de novo infection through PKR activation. J Virol 2013; 87:13386-96. [PMID: 24089560 PMCID: PMC3838277 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02758-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) inhibits the replication of different viruses. However, the effect of IFN-I on the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) viral cycle is controversial. Here, we investigated the consequences of IFN-α addition for different steps of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection. We first show that alpha interferon (IFN-α) efficiently impairs HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 de novo infection in a T cell line and in primary lymphocytes. Using pseudotyped viruses expressing HTLV-1 envelope, we then show that cell-free infection is insensitive to IFN-α, demonstrating that the cytokine does not affect the early stages of the viral cycle. In contrast, intracellular levels of Gag, Env, or Tax protein are affected by IFN-α treatment in T cells, primary lymphocytes, or 293T cells transfected with HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 molecular clones, demonstrating that IFN-α acts during the late stages of infection. We show that IFN-α does not affect Tax-mediated transcription and acts at a posttranscriptional level. Using either small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against PKR or a PKR inhibitor, we demonstrate that PKR, whose expression is induced by interferon, plays a major role in IFN-α-induced HTLV-1/2 inhibition. These results indicate that IFN-α has a strong repressive effect on the HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 viral cycle during de novo infection of cells that are natural targets of the viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cachat
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale
- Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- Université Lyon 1, LabEx ECOFECT-Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Alain Chevalier
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale
- Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- Université Lyon 1, LabEx ECOFECT-Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Alais
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale
- Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- Université Lyon 1, LabEx ECOFECT-Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Lyon, France
| | - Nga Ling Ko
- Unité d'Épidémiologie et Physiopathoglogie des Virus Oncogenes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Lee Ratner
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chloé Journo
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale
- Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- Université Lyon 1, LabEx ECOFECT-Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale
- Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- Université Lyon 1, LabEx ECOFECT-Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Lyon, France
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale
- Equipe Labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- Université Lyon 1, LabEx ECOFECT-Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Lyon, France
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El Hajj H, Ali J, Ghantous A, Hodroj D, Daher A, Zibara K, Journo C, Otrock Z, Zaatari G, Mahieux R, El Sabban M, Bazarbachi A, Abou Merhi R. Combination of arsenic and interferon-α inhibits expression of KSHV latent transcripts and synergistically improves survival of mice with primary effusion lymphomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79474. [PMID: 24250827 PMCID: PMC3826709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of primary effusion lymphomas (PEL). PEL cell lines infected with KSHV, but negative for Epstein-Barr virus have a tumorigenic potential in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice and result in efficient engraftment and formation of malignant ascites with notable abdominal distension, consistent with the clinical manifestations of PEL in humans. Methodology/Principal Findings Using this preclinical mouse model, we demonstrate that the combination of arsenic trioxide and interferon-alpha (IFN) inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and downregulates the latent viral transcripts LANA-1, v-FLIP and v-Cyc in PEL cells derived from malignant ascites. Furthermore, this combination decreases the peritoneal volume and synergistically increases survival of PEL mice. Conclusion/Significance These results provide a promising rationale for the therapeutic use of arsenic/IFN in PEL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jihane Ali
- Lebanese University, Rafik Hariri Campus, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Akram Ghantous
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Dana Hodroj
- Lebanese University, Rafik Hariri Campus, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Daher
- Lebanese University, Rafik Hariri Campus, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, fifth section, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Chloé Journo
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, Equipe labelisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer” INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Biology Department, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Zaher Otrock
- Leukemia Program, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ghazi Zaatari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, Equipe labelisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer” INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Biology Department, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (AB); (RAM)
| | - Raghida Abou Merhi
- Lebanese University, Rafik Hariri Campus, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Hadath, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (AB); (RAM)
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Liu X, Li X, Wang L, Lv X, Chen N, Li P, Lu K, Wang X. Realgar induces apoptosis in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line MEC‑1. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1866-70. [PMID: 24141727 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of realgar on the viability, proliferation and apoptosis in the human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell line, MEC‑1. Potential mechanisms mediating the effect were also explored in the experiment. Cultured MEC‑1 cells were incubated with various concentrations of realgar for 24, 48 and 72 h. A WST‑8 assay was employed to evaluate the effect on cell viability. Inhibitory effects on cell proliferation were determined using a 5‑bromodeoxyuridine cell proliferation ELISA. The apoptotic effect on MEC‑1 cells was evaluated by annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide dual staining, followed by flow cytometry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the mRNA expression levels of BCL2‑associated X protein (BAX), BCL2‑like 1 (Bcl-xL), v‑myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian; c‑Myc) and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21). It was found that viability and proliferation were significantly reduced while apoptotic rates increased in MEC‑1 cells following exposure to realgar. Furthermore, mRNA expression of BAX and c‑Myc was upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in realgar‑treated MEC‑1 cells. In conclusion, the results showed that realgar inhibits viability and prolife-ration and induces apoptosis of MEC‑1 cells in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. The effect may depend on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The results of the present study may be beneficial in the identification of a new target therapy for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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25
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Cardioprotective effect of salvianolic acid B against arsenic trioxide-induced injury in cardiac H9c2 cells via the PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Toxicol Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Macaire H, Riquet A, Moncollin V, Biémont-Trescol MC, Duc Dodon M, Hermine O, Debaud AL, Mahieux R, Mesnard JM, Pierre M, Gazzolo L, Bonnefoy N, Valentin H. Tax protein-induced expression of antiapoptotic Bfl-1 protein contributes to survival of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected T-cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21357-70. [PMID: 22553204 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.340992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). ATLL is a severe malignancy with no effective treatment. HTLV-1 regulatory proteins Tax and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) play a major role in ATLL development, by interfering with cellular functions such as CD4(+) T-cell survival. In this study, we observed that the expression of Bfl-1, an antiapoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family, is restricted to HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines and to T-cells expressing both Tax and HBZ proteins. We showed that Tax-induced bfl-1 transcription through the canonical NF-κB pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated that Tax cooperated with c-Jun or JunD, but not JunB, transcription factors of the AP-1 family to stimulate bfl-1 gene activation. By contrast, HBZ inhibited c-Jun-induced bfl-1 gene activation, whereas it increased JunD-induced bfl-1 gene activation. We identified one NF-κB, targeted by RelA, c-Rel, RelB, p105/p50, and p100/p52, and two AP-1, targeted by both c-Jun and JunD, binding sites in the bfl-1 promoter of T-cells expressing both Tax and HBZ. Analyzing the potential role of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in HTLV-1-infected T-cell survival, we demonstrated that these cells are differentially sensitive to silencing of Bfl-1, Bcl-x(L), and Bcl-2. Indeed, both Bfl-1 and Bcl-x(L) knockdowns decreased the survival of HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines, although no cell death was observed after Bcl-2 knockdown. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Bfl-1 knockdown sensitizes HTLV-1-infected T-cells to ABT-737 or etoposide treatment. Our results directly implicate Bfl-1 and Bcl-x(L) in HTLV-1-infected T-cell survival and suggest that both Bfl-1 and Bcl-x(L) represent potential therapeutic targets for ATLL treatment.
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27
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Shen SC, Lee WR, Yang LY, Tsai HH, Yang LL, Chen YC. Quercetin enhancement of arsenic-induced apoptosis via stimulating ROS-dependent p53 protein ubiquitination in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:370-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Ishitsuka K, Kunami N, Katsuya H, Nogami R, Ishikawa C, Yotsumoto F, Tanji H, Mori N, Takeshita M, Miyamoto S, Tamura K. Targeting Bcl-2 family proteins in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: in vitro and in vivo effects of the novel Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT-737. Cancer Lett 2011; 317:218-25. [PMID: 22138435 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1). ABT-737, a small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and Bcl-w, significantly induced apoptosis in HTLV-1 infected T-cell lines as well as in fresh ATLL cells, and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by conventional cytotoxic drugs. Moreover, ABT-737 significantly inhibited the in vivo tumor growth of an ATLL mouse model. These results suggest that the use of an agent targeting anti-apoptotic bcl-2 family proteins, either alone or in combination with other conventional drugs, represents a novel promising approach for ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ishitsuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Hematology and Infectious Disease, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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29
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Liu L, Chen C, Gong W, Li Y, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids attenuate reactive oxygen species level, mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase activation, and apoptosis in carcinoma cells treated with arsenic trioxide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:451-63. [PMID: 21846841 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.180505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase CYP2J2 promote tumorogenesis in vivo and in vitro via direct stimulation of tumor cell growth and inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis. Herein, we describe a novel mechanism of inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis by EETs. In Tca-8113 cancer cells, the antileukemia drug arsenic trioxide (ATO) led to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired mitochondrial function, and induced apoptosis. 11,12-EET pretreatment increased expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase and inhibited ATO-induced apoptosis. 11,12-EET also prevented the ATO-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, caspase-3, and caspase-9. Therefore, 11,12-EET-pretreatment attenuated the ROS generation, loss of mitochondrial function, and caspase activation observed after ATO treatment. Moreover, the CYP2J2-specific inhibitor compound 26 enhanced arsenic cytotoxicity to a clinically relevant concentration of ATO (1-2 μM). Both the thiol-containing antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine, and 11,12-EET reversed the synergistic effect of the two agents. Taken together, these data indicate that 11,12-EET inhibits apoptosis induced by ATO through a mechanism that involves induction of antioxidant proteins and attenuation of ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, PR China
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30
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Journo C, Mahieux R. HTLV-1 and innate immunity. Viruses 2011; 3:1374-94. [PMID: 21994785 PMCID: PMC3185810 DOI: 10.3390/v3081374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity plays a critical role in the host response to a viral infection. The innate response has two main functions. First, it triggers effector mechanisms that restrict the infection. Second, it primes development of the adaptive response, which completes the elimination of the pathogen or of infected cells. In vivo, HTLV-1 infects T lymphocytes that participate in adaptive immunity but also monocytes and dendritic cells that are major players in innate immunity. Herein, we will review the interplay between HTLV-1 and innate immunity. Particular emphasis is put on HTLV-1-induced alteration of type-I interferon (IFN-I) function. In vitro, the viral Tax protein plays a significant role in the alteration of IFN synthesis and signaling. Despite this, IFN-I/AZT treatment of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) patients leads to complete remission. We will discuss a model in which exogenous IFN-I could act both on the microenvironment of the T-cells to protect them from infection, and also on infected cells when combined with other drugs that lead to Tax down-regulation/degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Journo
- Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM-U758 Human Virology, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
- IFR 128 Biosciences Lyon-Gerland, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM-U758 Human Virology, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
- IFR 128 Biosciences Lyon-Gerland, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
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31
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Guimaraes-Correa AB, Crawford LB, Figueiredo CR, Gimenes KP, Pinto LA, Rios Grassi MF, Feuer G, Travassos LR, Caires AC, Rodrigues EG, Marriott SJ. C7a, a biphosphinic cyclopalladated compound, efficiently controls the development of a patient-derived xenograft model of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. Viruses 2011; 3:1041-1058. [PMID: 21994769 PMCID: PMC3185797 DOI: 10.3390/v3071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a highly aggressive disease that occurs in individuals infected with the human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Patients with aggressive ATLL have a poor prognosis because the leukemic cells are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. We have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a biphosphinic cyclopalladated complex {Pd2 [S(−)C2, N-dmpa]2 (μ-dppe)Cl2}, termed C7a, in a patient-derived xenograft model of ATLL, and investigated the mechanism of C7a action in HTLV-1-positive and negative transformed T cell lines in vitro. In vivo survival studies in immunocompromised mice inoculated with human RV-ATL cells and intraperitoneally treated with C7a led to significantly increased survival of the treated mice. We investigated the mechanism of C7a activity in vitro and found that it induced mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, caspase activation, nuclear condensation and DNA degradation. These results suggest that C7a triggers apoptotic cell death in both HTLV-1 infected and uninfected human transformed T-cell lines. Significantly, C7a was not cytotoxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors and HTLV-1-infected individuals. C7a inhibited more than 60% of the ex vivo spontaneous proliferation of PBMC from HTLV-1-infected individuals. These results support a potential therapeutic role for C7a in both ATLL and HTLV-1-negative T-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Guimaraes-Correa
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.B.G.-C.); (C.R.F.); (K.P.G.); (L.R.T.); (E.G.R.)
| | - Lindsey B. Crawford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; E-Mail: (L.B.C.)
| | - Carlos R. Figueiredo
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.B.G.-C.); (C.R.F.); (K.P.G.); (L.R.T.); (E.G.R.)
| | - Karina P. Gimenes
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.B.G.-C.); (C.R.F.); (K.P.G.); (L.R.T.); (E.G.R.)
| | - Lorena A. Pinto
- Laboratorio Avançado de Saúde Pública, CPQGM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia 40296-700, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.A.P.); (M.F.R.G.)
| | - Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi
- Laboratorio Avançado de Saúde Pública, CPQGM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia 40296-700, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.A.P.); (M.F.R.G.)
| | - Gerold Feuer
- Humurine Technologies, Inc., 640 Arrow Highway, La Verne, CA 91750, USA; E-Mail: (G.F.)
| | - Luiz R. Travassos
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.B.G.-C.); (C.R.F.); (K.P.G.); (L.R.T.); (E.G.R.)
| | - Antonio C.F. Caires
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi de Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo 08780-911, Brazil; E-Mail: (A.C.F.C.)
| | - Elaine G. Rodrigues
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.B.G.-C.); (C.R.F.); (K.P.G.); (L.R.T.); (E.G.R.)
| | - Susan J. Marriott
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, TX 77030, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-713-798-4440; Fax: +1-713-798-4435
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Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy of mature activated T cells caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I. ATL carries a bad prognosis because of intrinsic chemoresistance and severe immunosuppression. In acute ATL, Japanese trials demonstrated that although combinations of chemotherapy improved response rate, they failed to achieve a significant impact on survival. Patients with chronic and smoldering ATL have a better prognosis, but long-term survival is poor when these patients are managed with a watchful-waiting policy or with chemotherapy. Recently, a worldwide meta-analysis revealed that the combination of zidovudine and IFN-α is highly effective in the leukemic subtypes of ATL and should be considered as standard first-line therapy in that setting. This combination has changed the natural history of the disease through achievement of significantly improved long-term survival in patients with smoldering and chronic ATL as well as a subset of patients with acute ATL. ATL lymphoma patients still benefit from chemotherapy induction with concurrent or sequential antiretroviral therapy with zidovudine/IFN. To prevent relapse, clinical trials assessing consolidative targeted therapies such as arsenic/IFN combination or novel monoclonal antibodies are needed. Finally, allogeneic BM transplantation should be considered in suitable patients.
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Controversies in targeted therapy of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma: ON target or OFF target effects? Viruses 2011; 3:750-69. [PMID: 21994752 PMCID: PMC3185778 DOI: 10.3390/v3060750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) represents an ideal model for targeted therapy because of intrinsic chemo-resistance of ATL cells and the presence of two well identified targets: the HTLV-I retrovirus and the viral oncoprotein Tax. The combination of zidovudine (AZT) and interferon-alpha (IFN) has a dramatic impact on survival of ATL patients. Although the mechanism of action remains unclear, arguments in favor or against a direct antiviral effect will be discussed. Yet, most patients relapse and alternative therapies are mandatory. IFN and arsenic trioxide induce Tax proteolysis, synergize to induce apoptosis in ATL cells and cure Tax-driven ATL in mice through specific targeting of leukemia initiating cell activity. These results provide a biological basis for the clinical success of arsenic/IFN/AZT therapy in ATL patients and suggest that both extinction of viral replication (AZT) and Tax degradation (arsenic/IFN) are needed to cure ATL.
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Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first oncogenic human retrovirus to be discovered, more than 25 years ago. HTLV-1 infects 15 to 20 million individuals worldwide. This oncoretrovirus can be transmitted in three ways: horizontally (sexually), vertically (mother to child), and via blood transfusion. HTLV-1 causes two major diseases: adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). ATLL can be classified into four major subtypes: a smoldering type, a chronic type, a lymphoma type, and a leukemic type. Because of intrinsic chemoresistance and severe immunosuppression, the survival rate of ATLL patients, especially those who develop the acute leukemic or lymphoma forms, is very poor, and such clonal malignant CD4 expansion remains one of the most severe lymphoproliferations. This article discusses a number of recent treatments including antiretroviral therapy, aggressive chemotherapy, and allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation, as well as new drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alemtuzumab
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Arsenic Trioxide
- Arsenicals/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Daclizumab
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Endemic Diseases
- Female
- Gene Products, tax/physiology
- Genes, pX
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/isolation & purification
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/pathogenicity
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/physiology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/therapeutic use
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunotherapy
- Infant, Newborn
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/epidemiology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/virology
- Male
- Oxides/therapeutic use
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/epidemiology
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/virology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
- Zidovudine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Mahieux
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, CNRS URA 3015, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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35
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Liao VHC, Liu JT, Li WH, Yu CW, Hsieh YC. Caenorhabditis elegans bicarbonate transporter ABTS-1 is involved in arsenite toxicity and cholinergic signaling. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:926-32. [PMID: 20423156 DOI: 10.1021/tx100016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning affects millions of people worldwide. Although there is accumulating evidence to suggest that the nervous system is a target of arsenic, relatively little information is known regarding its effects on the nervous system. The effects of arsenite on the nervous system in Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated in the present study. We found that abts-1, which encodes a Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) transporter, is required to protect C. elegans from arsenite toxicity. The abts-1::GFP transgene is primarily expressed in neurons and the hypodermis, but stronger expression was also observed in the pharynx and body wall muscle cells after exposure to arsenite. The steady-state level of ABTS-1 mRNA increased in response to arsenite exposure. We showed that worms lacking abts-1 are hypersensitive to the paralytic effects of the cholinesterase inhibitor, aldicarb, and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, levamisole. We also showed that arsenite enhanced sensitivity to aldicarb and levamisole in abts-1 mutant worms. Our results indicate neuronal effects of arsenite and the ABTS-1 bicarbonate transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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McNeer JL, Goussetis DJ, Sassano A, Dolniak B, Kroczynska B, Glaser H, Altman JK, Platanias LC. Arsenic trioxide-dependent activation of thousand-and-one amino acid kinase 2 and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:828-35. [PMID: 20159944 PMCID: PMC2872974 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.061507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) has potent antileukemic properties in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanisms by which it generates its effects on target leukemic cells are not well understood. Understanding cellular mechanisms and pathways that are activated in leukemic cells to control the generation of As(2)O(3) responses should have important implications in the development of novel approaches using As(2)O(3) for the treatment of leukemias. In this study, we used immunoblotting and immune complex kinase assays to provide evidence that the kinases thousand-and-one amino acid kinase 2 (TAO2) and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) are rapidly activated in response to treatment of acute leukemia cells with As(2)O(3). Such activation occurs after the generation of reactive oxygen species and regulates downstream engagement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Our studies demonstrate that siRNA-mediated knockdown of TAO2 or TAK1 or pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 enhances the suppressive effects of As(2)O(3) on KT-1-derived leukemic progenitor colony formation and on primary leukemic progenitors from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. These results indicate key negative-feedback regulatory roles for these kinases in the generation of the antileukemic effects of As(2)O(3). Thus, molecular or pharmacological targeting of these kinases may provide a novel approach to enhance the generation of arsenic-dependent antileukemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McNeer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Gentry PR, McDonald TB, Sullivan DE, Shipp AM, Yager JW, Clewell HJ. Analysis of genomic dose-response information on arsenic to inform key events in a mode of action for carcinogenicity. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:1-14. [PMID: 19551812 DOI: 10.1002/em.20505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify information on gene expression changes following exposures to inorganic arsenic compounds. This information was organized by compound, exposure, dose/concentration, species, tissue, and cell type. A concentration-related hierarchy of responses was observed, beginning with changes in gene/protein expression associated with adaptive responses (e.g., preinflammatory responses, delay of apoptosis). Between 0.1 and 10 microM, additional gene/protein expression changes related to oxidative stress, proteotoxicity, inflammation, and proliferative signaling occur along with those related to DNA repair, cell cycle G2/M checkpoint control, and induction of apoptosis. At higher concentrations (10-100 microM), changes in apoptotic genes dominate. Comparisons of primary cell results with those obtained from immortalized or tumor-derived cell lines were also evaluated to determine the extent to which similar responses are observed across cell lines. Although immortalized cells appear to respond similarly to primary cells, caution must be exercised in using gene expression data from tumor-derived cell lines, where inactivation or overexpression of key genes (e.g., p53, Bcl-2) may lead to altered genomic responses. Data from acute in vivo exposures are of limited value for evaluating the dose-response for gene expression, because of the transient, variable, and uncertain nature of tissue exposure in these studies. The available in vitro gene expression data, together with information on the metabolism and protein binding of arsenic compounds, provide evidence of a mode of action for inorganic arsenic carcinogenicity involving interactions with critical proteins, such as those involved in DNA repair, overlaid against a background of chemical stress, including proteotoxicity and depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryls. The inhibition of DNA repair under conditions of toxicity and proliferative pressure may compromise the ability of cells to maintain the integrity of their DNA.
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38
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Arsenic trioxide inhibits cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and induces apoptosis. Pathol Oncol Res 2009; 16:413-20. [PMID: 20012722 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-009-9234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)), an ingredient in many traditional Chinese medicines, has drawn broad attention due to its therapeutic effects on a variety of cancers, including some solid tumors. However, the effects of As(2)O(3) on cholangiocarcinoma have not been reported. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that clinically obtainable concentrations of As(2)O(3) inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma SK-ChA-1 cells. As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis was partially inhibited by caspase inhibitor and accompanied by changes in the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, activation of caspase-3, caspase-9, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Thus As(2)O(3) induces apoptosis in SK-ChA-1 cells via mitochondria-mediated, caspases-dependent pathways. As(2)O(3) inhibition of Akt phosphorylation may contribute to As(2)O(3)-mediated cholangiocarcinoma cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction.
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Nabeshi H, Yoshikawa T, Kamada H, Shibata H, Sugita T, Abe Y, Nagano K, Nomura T, Minowa K, Yamashita T, Itoh N, Yoshioka Y, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y. Arsenic trioxide inhibits human t cell-lymphotropic virus-1-induced syncytiums by down-regulating gp46. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1286-8. [PMID: 19571400 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a severe chemotherapy-resistant malignancy associated with prolonged infection by the human T cell-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1). One approach to prevent the onset of ATL is to inhibit the growth/transmission of HTLV-1 infected cells using arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)). However, there are no reports on the transmission inhibitory effect of As(2)O(3). In this study, we reveal that As(2)O(3) exerts an inhibitory effect on syncytium formation between HTLV-1 infected MT-2 and HeLa cells. In addition, Western blot analysis revealed that the HTLV-1 derived envelope protein gp46 was down regulated by As(2)O(3) treatment, suggesting that As(2)O(3) may inhibit HTLV-1 virus transmission via down-regulation of gp46. These results suggest that As(2)O(3) may be a promising drug to treat refractory HTLV-1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nabeshi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Proteomics, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation
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Fu GH, Wang Y, Xi YH, Guo ZW, Liu XB, Bai SZ, Yang BF, Chen GQ. As2O3enhances the anion transport activity of band 3 and the action is related with the C-terminal 16 residues of the protein. J Drug Target 2008; 13:235-43. [PMID: 16051535 DOI: 10.1080/10611860500207060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Successful application of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has been attracting worldwide interest, but the exact mechanism for the action of As2O3 remains somewhat obscure. In the present work, we show for the first time that As2O3 facilitates the DIDS-sensitive anion transport activity of band 3 protein in red blood cells (RBCs) isolated from normal adults and APL patients. To elucidate the effect of As2O3 on band 3 protein, constructs encoding the full length of the band 3 transmembrane domain (mdb3) and its C-terminal deletion forms were transfected into yeast cells by a yeast display system. The results demonstrate that deletion of the C-terminal 16 residues of mdb3 (mdb3-d16) does not affect anion transport activity of mdb3 or its sensitivity to DIDS, but decreases its sensitivity to As2O3 in the yeast cell. More intriguingly, the forced expression of intact mdb3 by transfection significantly induces cell apoptosis in HeLa cells, to a higher degree than in cells transfected with mdb3-d16 or empty vector. Expression of activated caspase 3 in HeLa cells also indicates that the C-terminal 16 residues are important for mdb3-mediated apoptosis in cells treated with As2O3. Our results provide the first evidence that As2O3 enhances the anion transport activity of band 3 and the action is related with the C-terminal 16 residues of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hui Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University (SSMU), Shanghai 200025, China.
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41
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Taylor JM, Nicot C. HTLV-1 and apoptosis: role in cellular transformation and recent advances in therapeutic approaches. Apoptosis 2008; 13:733-47. [PMID: 18421579 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A universal cellular defense mechanism against viral invasion is the elimination of infected cells through apoptotic cell death. To counteract host defenses many viruses have evolved complex apoptosis evasion strategies. The oncogenic human retrovirus HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of adult-T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the neurodegenerative disease known as HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The poor prognosis in HTLV-1-induced ATLL is linked to the resistance of neoplastic T cells against conventional therapies and the immuno-compromised state of patients. Nevertheless, several studies have shown that the apoptotic pathway is largely intact and can be reactivated in ATLL tumor cells to induce specific killing. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by HTLV-1 to counteract cellular death pathways remains an important challenge for future therapies and the treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3025 Wahl Hall West, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Redox status of thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) determines the sensitivity of human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) to arsenic trioxide-induced cell death. Cell Res 2008; 18:458-71. [PMID: 18157160 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2007.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular redox homeostasis plays a critical role in determining tumor cells' sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis. Here we investigated the role of thioredoxin-1 (TRX1), a key component of redox regulation, in arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3))-induced apoptosis. Over-expression of wild-type TRX1 in HepG(2) cells led to the inhibition of As(2)O(3)-induced cytochrome c (cyto c) release, caspase activation and apoptosis, and down-regulation of TRX1 expression by RNAi sensitized HepG(2) cells to As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, mutation of the active site of TRX1 from Cys(32/35) to Ser(32/35) converted this molecule from an apoptotic protector to an apoptotic promoter. In an effort to understand the mechanisms of this conversion, we used isolated mitochondria from mouse liver and found that recombinant wild-type TRX1 could protect mitochondria from the apoptotic changes. In contrast, the mutant form of TRX1 alone elicited mitochondria-related apoptotic changes, including the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cyto c release from mitochondria. These apoptotic effects were inhibited by cyclosporine A (CsA), indicating that mutant TRX1 targeted to mPTP. Alteration of TRX1 from its reduced form to oxidized form in vivo by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), a specific inhibitor of TRX reductase, also sensitized HepG(2) cells to As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that TRX1 plays a central role in regulating apoptosis by blocking cyto c release, and inactivation of TRX1 by either mutation or oxidization of the active site cysteines may sensitize tumor cells to As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis.
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Altman JK, Yoon P, Katsoulidis E, Kroczynska B, Sassano A, Redig AJ, Glaser H, Jordan A, Tallman MS, Hay N, Platanias LC. Regulatory Effects of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin-mediated Signals in the Generation of Arsenic Trioxide Responses. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:1992-2001. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705227200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Ishitsuka K, Tamura K. Treatment of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: past, present, and future. Eur J Haematol 2007; 80:185-96. [PMID: 18081707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.01016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I. Clinical manifestations of ATLL range from smoldering to chronic, lymphoma and acute. Patients with acute and lymphoma type ATLL require therapeutic intervention. Conventional chemotherapeutic regimens used against other malignant lymphoma have been administered to ATLL patients, but the therapeutic outcomes of acute and lymphoma type ATLL remain very poor. Promising results of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) for ATLL patients have recently been reported and the treatment outcome might be improved for some ATLL patients. Besides conventional chemotherapy and SCT, interferon, zidovudine, arsenic trioxide, targeted therapy against surface molecule on ATLL cells, retinoid derivatives, and bortezomib have been administered to ATLL patients in pilot or phase I/II studies. Further studies are required to confirm the clinical benefits of these novel therapeutics. This article reviews the current status and future directions of ATLL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ishitsuka
- Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Abou-Merhi R, Khoriaty R, Arnoult D, El Hajj H, Dbouk H, Munier S, El-Sabban ME, Hermine O, Gessain A, de Thé H, Mahieux R, Bazarbachi A. PS-341 or a combination of arsenic trioxide and interferon-α inhibit growth and induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in KSHV/HHV-8-infected primary effusion lymphoma cells. Leukemia 2007; 21:1792-801. [PMID: 17568816 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpes virus (KSHV) is the causative agent of primary effusion lymphoma and of KS. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive proliferation of B cells. Conventional chemotherapy has limited benefits in PEL patients, and the prognosis is very poor. We previously reported that treatment of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells either with arsenic trioxide (As) combined to interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) or with the bortezomib (PS-341) proteasome inhibitor induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, partly due to the reversal of the constitutive nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. PEL cells also display an activated NF-kappaB pathway that is necessary for their survival. This prompted us to investigate the effects of PS-341, or of the As/IFN-alpha combination on PEL cells. A dramatic inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis was observed in PS-341 and in As/IFN-alpha treated cells. This was associated with the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, caspase activation and was reversed by the z-VAD caspase inhibitor. PS-341 and As/IFN-alpha treatment abrogated NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus and decreased the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-X(L). Altogether, these results provide a rational basis for a future therapeutic use of PS-341 or combined As and IFN-alpha in PEL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abou-Merhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Yoon P, Giafis N, Smith J, Mears H, Katsoulidis E, Sassano A, Altman J, Redig AJ, Tallman MS, Platanias LC. Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin and the p70 S6 kinase by arsenic trioxide in BCR-ABL-expressing cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 5:2815-23. [PMID: 17121928 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) exhibits important antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo, but the precise mechanisms by which it induces its effects are not known. We provide evidence that during treatment of BCR-ABL-expressing cells with As(2)O(3), there is activation of a cellular pathway involving the p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K). Our data show that p70S6K is rapidly phosphorylated on Thr(421) and Ser(424) and is activated in an As(2)O(3)-inducible manner. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is also phosphorylated/activated in an As(2)O(3)-inducible manner, and its activity is required for downstream engagement of p70S6K. p70S6K subsequently phosphorylates the S6 ribosomal protein on Ser(235)/Ser(236) and Ser(240)/Ser(244) to promote initiation of mRNA translation. Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia-derived cell lines with As(2)O(3) also results in phosphorylation of the 4E-BP1 repressor of mRNA translation on Thr(37)/Thr(46) and Thr(70), sites required for its deactivation and its dissociation from the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E complex to allow cap-dependent mRNA translation. In studies to determine the functional relevance of this pathway, we found that inhibition of mTOR and downstream cascades enhances induction of apoptosis by As(2)O(3). Consistent with this, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin strongly potentiated As(2)O(3)-mediated suppression of primitive leukemic progenitors from the bone marrow of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. Altogether, our data show that the mTOR/p70S6K pathway is activated in a negative feedback regulatory manner in response to As(2)O(3) in BCR-ABL-transformed cells and plays a key regulatory role in the induction of anti-leukemic responses.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Arsenic Trioxide
- Arsenicals/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Oxides/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Yoon
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 303 East Superior Street, Lurie 3-107, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Brown M, Bellon M, Nicot C. Emodin and DHA potently increase arsenic trioxide interferon-alpha-induced cell death of HTLV-I-transformed cells by generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of Akt and AP-1. Blood 2006; 109:1653-9. [PMID: 17077332 PMCID: PMC1794054 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-015537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive lymphoproliferative disease of poor clinical prognosis associated with infection by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). The use of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been shown to effectively treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with greater than 80% of patients achieving complete remission. The combination of arsenic and interferon has also shown promising results in the treatment of ATL. The requirement for slow dosage increases of arsenic and the time required to achieve a pharmacologic active dose in patients is a major obstacle because median survival of patients with ATL is about 6 months. In this study we report a potent synergistic effect of the combination of arsenic trioxide and interferon alpha (As/IFN-alpha) with emodin and DHA on cell-cycle arrest and cell death of HTLV-I-infected cells. Importantly, we found that clinically achievable doses of DHA and emodin allowed for reduced arsenic concentrations by 100-fold while still remaining highly toxic to tumor cells. Our data provide a rationale for combined use of As/IFN-alpha with emodin and DHA in patients with ATL refractory to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA
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Giafis N, Katsoulidis E, Sassano A, Tallman MS, Higgins LS, Nebreda AR, Davis RJ, Platanias LC. Role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the generation of arsenic trioxide-dependent cellular responses. Cancer Res 2006; 66:6763-71. [PMID: 16818652 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) induces differentiation and apoptosis of leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo, but the precise mechanisms that mediate such effects are not known. In the present study, we provide evidence that the kinases MAPK kinase 3 (Mkk3) and Mkk6 are activated during treatment of leukemic cell lines with As(2)O(3) to regulate downstream engagement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Using cells with targeted disruption of both the Mkk3 and Mkk6 genes, we show that As(2)O(3)-dependent activation of p38 is defective in the absence of Mkk3 and Mkk6, establishing that these kinases are essential for As(2)O(3)-dependent engagement of the p38 pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of p38 enhances As(2)O(3)-dependent activation of the c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and subsequent induction of apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)- or acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived cell lines. In addition, in APL blasts, inhibition of p38 enhances myeloid cell differentiation in response to As(2)O(3), as well as suppression of Bcl-2 expression and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Similarly, induction of As(2)O(3)-dependent apoptosis is enhanced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) with targeted disruption of both the Mkk3 and Mkk6 genes, establishing a key role for this pathway in the regulation of As(2)O(3)-induced apoptosis. In other studies, we show that the small-molecule p38 inhibitors SD-282 and SCIO-469 potentiate As(2)O(3)-mediated suppression of myeloid leukemic progenitor growth from CML patients, indicating a critical regulatory role for p38 in the induction of antileukemic responses. Altogether, our data indicate that the Mkk3/6-p38 signaling cascade is activated in a negative regulatory feedback manner to control induction of As(2)O(3)-mediated antileukemic effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Arsenic Trioxide
- Arsenicals/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/enzymology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Oxides/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Giafis
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Wan CK, Wang C, Cheung HY, Yang M, Fong WF. Triptolide induces Bcl-2 cleavage and mitochondria dependent apoptosis in p53-deficient HL-60 cells. Cancer Lett 2006; 241:31-41. [PMID: 16316721 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide, a bioactive component of the Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., induces p53-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. This study demonstrated that triptolide activated an alternative p53-independent apoptotic pathway in HL-60 cells. In the absence of an intact p53 and without changing Bax level, at nM range triptolide induced apoptosis with concomitant DNA fragmentation, S phase cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial cytochrome c release and the activation of caspases. Besides, both caspases 8 and 9 were activated and the simultaneous inhibition of both was required to completely block triptolide's apoptotic effect. Importantly, triptolide induced the appearance of a truncated 23kD Bcl-2 which was inhibited by the general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. In the MCF-7 cells that possessed the wild type p53 but lacked caspases 3, triptolide induced cell death with an increase in p53 but Bcl-2 remained unaltered. On the other hand, transfected cells overexpressing the 28kD Bcl-2 became more resistant to triptolide and upon triptolide treatment accumulated in the G(1) instead of S phase. After 36h treatment, triptolide activated JNK pathways, at the same time inactivated the ERK and p38 pathways. However, SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor, could not inhibit the triptolide-mediated cleavage of caspase 3, indicated that activation of JNK might not be related to the apoptotic effects of triptolide. Our data suggest that in the absence of an intact p53 and without altering Bax level triptolide induces apoptosis activates a positive amplification loop involving caspase-mediated Bcl-2 cleavage/activation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release and further activation of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Keung Wan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Bioactive Products Research Group, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR., China
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Abstract
Anion exchanger 2 (AE2) mediates the exchange of C1-/HCO3- across the plasma membrane and plays a role in the regulation of intracellular pH. The present study showed that AE2 protein expression was upregulated immediately after exposure to either low (0.5 micromol/l) or high (1 and 2 micromol/l) concentrations of arsenic trioxide. This suggests that arsenic trioxide may act via regulation of intracellular pH. Changing the culture pH in NB4 cells modulated the degradation of promyelocytic leukaemia-retinoic acid receptor-alpha (PML-RARalpha), PML and RARalpha, which supported this hypothesis. DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid) inhibited AE2 function, preventing the arsenic trioxide-induced degradation of RARalpha and low concentration showed synergistic effects on the expression of CD11c, which is related with cell differentiation. In addition, DIDS rescued the cells from 1 micromol/l arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, AE2 mediated the action of arsenic trioxide via regulation of intracellular pH and a novel pathway for the mechanism of action of arsenic trioxide is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine
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