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Neettiyath A, Chung K, Liu W, Lee LP. Nanoplasmonic sensors for extracellular vesicles and bacterial membrane vesicles. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:23. [PMID: 38918255 PMCID: PMC11199476 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising tools for the early diagnosis of diseases, and bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are especially important in health and environment monitoring. However, detecting EVs or bacterial MVs presents significant challenges for the clinical translation of EV-based diagnostics. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the basics of nanoplasmonic sensing and emphasize recent developments in nanoplasmonics-based optical sensors to effectively identify EVs or bacterial MVs. We explore various nanoplasmonic sensors tailored for EV or bacterial MV detection, emphasizing the application of localized surface plasmon resonance through gold nanoparticles and their multimers. Additionally, we highlight advanced EV detection techniques based on surface plasmon polaritons using plasmonic thin film and nanopatterned structures. Furthermore, we evaluate the improved detection capability of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in identifying and classifying these vesicles, aided by plasmonic nanostructures. Nanoplasmonic sensing techniques have remarkable precision and sensitivity, making them a potential tool for accurate EV detection in clinical applications, facilitating point-of-care molecular diagnostics. Finally, we summarize the challenges associated with nanoplasmonic EV or bacterial MV sensors and offer insights into potential future directions for this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Neettiyath
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyungwha Chung
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Wenpeng Liu
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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Foolad F, Samadi-Bahrami Z, Khodagholi F, Nabavi SM, Moore GRW, Javan M. Sirtuins and Metabolism Biomarkers in Relapsing-Remitting and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: a Correlation Study with Clinical Outcomes and Cognitive Impairments. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3442-3460. [PMID: 37995076 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a primary inflammatory demyelinating disease with different clinical courses and subtypes. The present study aimed to determine whether mitochondrial dysfunction and sirtuins 1 and 3, as metabolism and epigenetic modifying factors, might contribute to MS disease progression measured by physical disability and cognitive impairment.The volunteers (n = 20 controls, n = 59 MS) were recruited and assessed for cognitive function and disability scores; then, patients were clinically classified as relapsing-remitting (RR) in remission phase, RR in relapse phase, and secondary progressive MS. We measured sirtuin (SIRT) 1 and 3 levels, mitochondrial complex I, IV, aconitase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGD) activity in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Furthermore, SIRT1, pyruvate, lactate, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) were determined in plasma. Finally, we performed postmortem tissue immunohistochemistry to assess the level of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in the brain lesions of patients with MS.Increased disability and cognitive impairment in patients were correlated. Plasma level of lactate showed a correlation with the disability in MS patients; moreover, a trend toward increased Cyt c plasma level was observed. Investigation of PBMCs exhibited decreased SIRT1 during the relapse phase along with a reduced complex IV activity in all MS subgroups. α-KGD activity was significantly increased in the RR-remission, and SIRT3 was elevated in RR-relapse group. This elevation correlated with disability and cognitive impairment. Finally, immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased levels of SIRT1 and 3 in the brain active lesion of patients with MS.Our data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and alteration in some epigenetics and metabolism modifying factors in the CNS and peripheral blood cells may contribute or correlate with MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Foolad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zahra Samadi-Bahrami
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Massood Nabavi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - G R Wayne Moore
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Ahmed S, Abir AH, Sharmin O, Khurshid N, Akter A, Nakshy NT, Hasan MM, Yesmine S, Rahman M. Modulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling cascade through G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) activation: Prenatal lysophosphatidylinositol attenuates valproic acid-induced synaptic abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction. Life Sci 2023; 334:122195. [PMID: 37866808 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) has recently emerged as a potential regulator of this signaling cascade. This study explores the intricate modulation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling cascade via GPR55 activation and its potential therapeutic implications in the context of autism-associated neuronal impairments. MAIN METHODS Valproic acid (VPA) was administered on embryonic day 12 (E12) to induce ASD, and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), a GPR55 agonist, was used prenatally to modulate the receptor activity. Golgi-cox staining was performed to observe neuronal morphology, and Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining was carried out to quantify damaged neurons. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was implemented to identify molecular mediators involved in neuroprotection. KEY FINDINGS Prenatal VPA exposure resulted in significant abnormalities in synaptic development, which were further evidenced by impairments in social interaction and cognitive function. When LPI was administered, most of the synaptic abnormalities were alleviated, as reflected by higher neuron and dendritic spine count. LPI treatment also reduced cytoplasmic cytochrome c concentration and related neuronal cell death. Mechanistically, GPR55 activation by LPI increases the expression of phospho-Akt and phospho-GSK3β, leading to the activation of this signaling in the process of rescuing synaptic abnormalities and mitochondria-mediated neuronal apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE The observed therapeutic effects of GPR55 activation shed light on its significance as a prospective target for ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and dendritic spine loss, offering novel prospects for developing targeted interventions to alleviate the neuropathological causes of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ariful Haque Abir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universität Klinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Glückstraße 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ozayra Sharmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neda Khurshid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Amana Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Nafisa Tajneen Nakshy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, University of Information Technology and Sciences, Baridhara, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Saquiba Yesmine
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh.
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Di Mambro T, Pellielo G, Agyapong ED, Carinci M, Chianese D, Giorgi C, Morciano G, Patergnani S, Pinton P, Rimessi A. The Tricky Connection between Extracellular Vesicles and Mitochondria in Inflammatory-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098181. [PMID: 37175888 PMCID: PMC10179665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells, where they represent the main site of energy production. Mitochondria are involved in several important cell processes, such as calcium homeostasis, OXPHOS, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, they play a pivotal role also in inflammation through the inter-organelle and inter-cellular communications, mediated by the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs). It is currently well-documented that in addition to traditional endocrine and paracrine communication, the cells converse via extracellular vesicles (EVs). These small membrane-bound particles are released from cells in the extracellular milieu under physio-pathological conditions. Importantly, EVs have gained much attention for their crucial role in inter-cellular communication, translating inflammatory signals into recipient cells. EVs cargo includes plasma membrane and endosomal proteins, but EVs also contain material from other cellular compartments, including mitochondria. Studies have shown that EVs may transport mitochondrial portions, proteins, and/or mtDAMPs to modulate the metabolic and inflammatory responses of recipient cells. Overall, the relationship between EVs and mitochondria in inflammation is an active area of research, although further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved and how they may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Here, we have reported and discussed the latest studies focused on this fascinating and recent area of research, discussing of tricky connection between mitochondria and EVs in inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Di Mambro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellielo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Chianese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Chen ZZ, Johnson L, Trahtemberg U, Baker A, Huq S, Dufresne J, Bowden P, Miao M, Ho JA, Hsu CC, Dos Santos CC, Marshall JG. Mitochondria and cytochrome components released into the plasma of severe COVID-19 and ICU acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:17. [PMID: 37031181 PMCID: PMC10082440 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteomic analysis of human plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS has discovered a limited number of new cellular protein biomarkers that may be confirmed by independent biochemical methods. Analysis of COVID-19 plasma has indicated the re-purposing of known biomarkers that might be used as prognostic markers of COVID-19 infection. However, multiple molecular approaches have previously indicated that the SARS-COV2 infection cycle is linked to the biology of mitochondria and that the response to infections may involve the action of heme containing oxidative enzymes. METHODS Human plasma from COVID-19 and ICU-ARDS was analyzed by classical analytical biochemistry techniques and classical frequency-based statistical approaches to look for prognostic markers of severe COVID-19 lung damage. Plasma proteins from COVID-19 and ICU-ARDS were identified and enumerated versus the controls of normal human plasma (NHP) by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The observation frequency of proteins detected in COVID-19 and ICU-ARDS patients were compared to normal human plasma, alongside random and noise MS/MS spectra controls, using the Chi Square (χ2) distribution. RESULTS PCR showed the presence of MT-ND1 DNA in the plasma of COVID-19, ICU-ARDS, as well as normal human plasma. Mitochondrial proteins such as MRPL, L2HGDH, ATP, CYB, CYTB, CYP, NDUF and others, were increased in COVID-19 and ICU-ARDS plasma. The apparent activity of the cytochrome components were tested alongside NHP by dot blotting on PVDF against a purified cytochrome c standard preparation for H2O2 dependent reaction with luminol as measured by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) that showed increased activity in COVID-19 and ICU-ARDS patients. DISCUSSION The results from PCR, LC-ESI-MS/MS of tryptic peptides, and cytochrome ECL assays confirmed that mitochondrial components were present in the plasma, in agreement with the established central role of the mitochondria in SARS-COV-2 biology. The cytochrome activity assay showed that there was the equivalent of at least nanogram amounts of cytochrome(s) in the plasma sample that should be clearly detectable by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The release of the luminol oxidase activity from cells into plasma forms the basis of a simple and rapid test for the severity of cell damage and lung injury in COVID-19 infection and ICU-ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan, University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lloyd Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan, University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Uriel Trahtemberg
- St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Baker
- St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Saaimatul Huq
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan, University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ja-An Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada.
| | - John G Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan, University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6 R. Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Olanlokun JO, Oyebode OT, Popoola D, Bodede O, Idowu TO, Moodley R, Olorunsogo OO. In vitro effects of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol purified from Alstonia boonei on erythrocyte membrane stabilization and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:678-689. [PMID: 36323654 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A recent review on the ethnomedicinal, chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of Alstonia boonei revealed the plant's potential in the treatment and management of a range of diseases. However, most of these pharmacological effects are only traceable to the crude form of the plant extract and not specific natural products. Phytochemical investigation of the methanol fraction of the methanol extract of the stem-bark of Alstonia boonei led to the isolation and identification of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol. The structures were elucidated by the application of 1D-, and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with literature data. In this study, the membrane stabilizing activity, mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial ATPase activity, and prevention of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation activity of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol (MPBD) isolated from A. boonei were determined. The results showed that MPBD significantly (p < .05) prevented peroxidation of mitochondrial membrane lipids and hemolysis using both the heat-induced and hypotonic solution-induced membrane stabilization assays. On the contrary, the compound caused large amplitude swelling of rat liver mitochondria in the absence of calcium, significant (p < .05) cytochrome c release and enhancement of mitochondrial ATPase activity in vitro. Our findings suggest that MPBD showed characteristic biological properties useful in modulating cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Titilope Oyebode
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - David Popoola
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Bodede
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Oyebode Idowu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Roshila Moodley
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Kanlı Z, Cabadak H, Aydın B. Potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of pilocarpine combined with TNF alpha in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02418-4. [PMID: 36781441 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Pilocarpine is a selective M1/M3 agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are different drug targets. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of pilocarpine on the expression of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, the AChE activity, IL-8 release response, and proliferation in K562 cells, via muscarinic receptor activation. Human chronic myeloid leukemic cell cultures were incubated with drugs. Proliferation assays were performed by BrdU assay. Expression of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and apoptosis proteins such as bcl, bax, cyt C, and caspases was assessed with the semiquantitative Western blotting method. Pilocarpine inhibits chronic myeloid cell proliferation and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor protein expression. Pilocarpine increases caspase-8 and -9 expression levels, upregulating the proapoptotic protein Bax and downregulating the expression levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. The apoptotic activity of pilocarpine is associated with an increase in AChE activity. M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors can activate multiple signal transduction systems and mediate inhibitory effects on chronic myeloid K562 cell proliferation depending on the presence of 1% FBS conditions. This apoptotic effect of pilocarpine may be due to the concentration of pilocarpine and the increase in AChE level. Our results suggest that inhibition of cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis of pilocarpine in K562 cells may be one of the targets. M3 selective agonist may have therapeutic potential in chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Kanlı
- Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Basibuyuk-Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Hülya Cabadak
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey.
| | - Banu Aydın
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
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Cytochrome c in cancer therapy and prognosis. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:232225. [PMID: 36479932 PMCID: PMC9780037 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cyt c) is an electron transporter of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Upon permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane, cyt c is released into the cytoplasm, where it triggers the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Cytoplasmic cyt c can further reach the bloodstream. Apoptosis inhibition is one of the hallmarks of cancer and its induction in tumors is a widely used therapeutic approach. Apoptosis inhibition and induction correlate with decreased and increased serum levels of cyt c, respectively. The quantification of cyt c in the serum is useful in the monitoring of patient response to chemotherapy, with potential prognosis value. Several highly sensitive biosensors have been developed for the quantification of cyt c levels in human serum. Moreover, the delivery of exogenous cyt c to the cytoplasm of cancer cells is an effective approach for inducing their apoptosis. Similarly, several protein-based and nanoparticle-based systems have been developed for the therapeutic delivery of cyt c to cancer cells. As such, cyt c is a human protein with promising value in cancer prognosis and therapy. In addition, its thermal stability can be extended through PEGylation and ionic liquid storage. These processes could contribute to enhancing its therapeutic exploitation in clinical facilities with limited refrigeration conditions. Here, I discuss these research lines and how their timely conjunction can advance cancer therapy and prognosis.
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Choi CHJ, Barr W, Zaman S, Model C, Park A, Koenen M, Lin Z, Szwed SK, Marchildon F, Crane A, Carroll TS, Molina H, Cohen P. LRG1 is an adipokine that promotes insulin sensitivity and suppresses inflammation. eLife 2022; 11:e81559. [PMID: 36346018 PMCID: PMC9674348 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While dysregulation of adipocyte endocrine function plays a central role in obesity and its complications, the vast majority of adipokines remain uncharacterized. We employed bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) and mass spectrometry to comprehensively characterize the secretome of murine visceral and subcutaneous white and interscapular brown adip ocytes. Over 600 proteins were identified, the majority of which showed cell type-specific enrichment. We here describe a metabolic role for leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) as an obesity-regulated adipokine secreted by mature adipocytes. LRG1 overexpression significantly improved glucose homeostasis in diet-induced and genetically obese mice. This was associated with markedly reduced white adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and systemic inflammation. Mechanistically, we found LRG1 binds cytochrome c in circulation to dampen its pro-inflammatory effect. These data support a new role for LRG1 as an insulin sensitizer with therapeutic potential given its immunomodulatory function at the nexus of obesity, inflammation, and associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee J Choi
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD ProgramNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - William Barr
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Samir Zaman
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Corey Model
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Annsea Park
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Mascha Koenen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Zeran Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sarah K Szwed
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD ProgramNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Francois Marchildon
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Audrey Crane
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resouce Center, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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3D biocomposite culture enhances differentiation of dopamine-like neurons from SH-SY5Y cells: A model for studying Parkinson's disease phenotypes. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121858. [PMID: 36272218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies of underlying neurodegenerative processes in Parkinson's Disease (PD) have traditionally utilized cell cultures grown on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces. Biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) cell culture platforms have been developed to better emulate features of the brain's natural microenvironment. We here use our bioengineered brain-like tissue model, composed of a silk-hydrogel composite, to study the 3D microenvironment's contributions on the development and performance of dopaminergic-like neurons (DLNs). Compared with 2D culture, SH-SY5Y cells differentiated in 3D microenvironments were enriched for DLNs concomitant with a reduction in proliferative capacity during the neurodevelopmental process. Additionally, the 3D DLN cultures were more sensitive to oxidative stresses elicited by the PD-related neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP). MPP induced transcriptomic profile changes specific to 3D-differentiated DLN cultures, replicating the dysfunction of neuronal signaling pathways and mitochondrial dynamics implicated in PD. Overall, this physiologically-relevant 3D platform resembles a useful tool for studying dopamine neuron biology and interrogating molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD.
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11
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Rana R, Huirem RS, Kant R, Chauhan K, Sharma S, Yashavarddhan MH, Chhabra SS, Acharya R, Kalra SK, Gupta A, Jain S, Ganguly NK. Cytochrome C as a potential clinical marker for diagnosis and treatment of glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960787. [PMID: 36176404 PMCID: PMC9513483 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent kind of malignant and severe brain cancer. Apoptosis regulating mechanisms are disturbed in malignant gliomas, as they are in added forms of malignancy. Understanding apoptosis and other associated processes are thought to be critical for understanding the origins of malignant tumors and designing anti-cancerous drugs for the treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variation in the expression level of several apoptotic proteins that are responsible for apoptosis in low to high-grade glioma. This suggests a significant change in the expression of five apoptotic proteins: Clusterin, HSP27, Catalase, Cytochrome C, and SMAC. Cytochrome C, one of the five substantially altered proteins, is a crucial component of the apoptotic cascade. The complex enzyme Cytochrome C is involved in metabolic pathways such as respiration and cell death. The results demonstrated that Cytochrome C expression levels are lower in glioma tissues than in normal tissues. What’s more intriguing is that the expression level decreases with an increase in glioma grades. As a result, the discovery shows that Cytochrome C may be a target for glioma prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rashmi Rana, ;
| | | | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kirti Chauhan
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Rajesh Acharya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Samir Kumar Kalra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshul Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunila Jain
- Department of Histopathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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12
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Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns Content in Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Early Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152364. [PMID: 35954208 PMCID: PMC9367540 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common hallmark in different neurodegenerative conditions that share neuronal dysfunction and a progressive loss of a selectively vulnerable brain cell population. Alongside ageing and genetics, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are considered key risk factors. Microglia are considered immune sentinels of the central nervous system capable of initiating an innate and adaptive immune response. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms underlying the initiation and spread of inflammation in the brain are still poorly described. Recently, a new mechanism of intercellular signalling mediated by small extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been identified. EVs are nanosized particles (30–150 nm) with a bilipid membrane that carries cell-specific bioactive cargos that participate in physiological or pathological processes. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are cellular components recognised by the immune receptors of microglia, inducing or aggravating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders. Diverse evidence links mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation mediated by mitochondrial-DAMPs (mtDAMPs) such as mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and cardiolipin, among others. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) are a subtype of EVs produced after mild damage to mitochondria and, upon fusion with multivesicular bodies are released as EVs to the extracellular space. MDVs are particularly enriched in mtDAMPs which can induce an immune response and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, growing evidence supports the association between mitochondrial dysfunction, EV release and inflammation. Here, we describe the role of extracellular vesicles-associated mtDAMPS in physiological conditions and as neuroinflammation activators contributing to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Zhao Y, Feng Y, Li J, Cui C, Wang A, Fang J, Zhang Y, Ye S, Mao Q, Wang X, Shi H. Endogenous ROS-Mediated Covalent Immobilization of Gold Nanoparticles in Mitochondria: A “Sharp Sword” in Tumor Radiotherapy. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2355-2365. [DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yali Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chaoxiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Anna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuyue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiulian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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14
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Iliev DB, Strandskog G, Sobhkhez M, Bruun JA, Jørgensen JB. Secretome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Head Kidney Leukocytes Highlights the Role of Phagocytes in the Immune Response to Soluble β-Glucan. Front Immunol 2021; 12:736964. [PMID: 34917074 PMCID: PMC8671040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
β‐Glucans (BG) are glucose polymers which are produced in bacteria and fungi but not in vertebrate organisms. Being recognized by phagocytic leukocytes including macrophages and neutrophils through receptors such as dectin-1 and Complement receptor 3 (CR3), the BG are perceived by the innate immune system of vertebrates as foreign substances known as Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). The yeast-derived BG has been recognized for its potent biological activity and it is used as an immunomodulator in human and veterinary medicine. The goal of the current study was to characterize the immunostimulatory activity of soluble yeast BG in primary cultures of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) in which phagocytic cell types including neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes predominate. The effect of BG on the secretome of HKL cultures, including secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble protein55s was characterized through western blotting and mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate that, along with upregulation of proinflammatory genes, BG induces secretion of ubiquitinated proteins (UbP), MHCII-containing EVs from professional antigen presenting cells as well as proteins derived from granules of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Among the most abundant proteins identified in BG-induced EVs were beta-2 integrin subunits, including CD18 and CD11 homologs, which highlights the role of salmon granulocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in the response to soluble BG. Overall, the current work advances the knowledge about the immunostimulatory activity of yeast BG on the salmon immune system by shedding light on the effect of this PAMP on the secretome of salmon leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar B Iliev
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology 'Roumen Tsanev', Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Guro Strandskog
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mehrdad Sobhkhez
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jack A Bruun
- Department of Medical Biology, Proteomics Platform, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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15
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Jemmerson R. Paradoxical Roles of Leucine-Rich α 2-Glycoprotein-1 in Cell Death and Survival Modulated by Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 and Cytochrome c. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:744908. [PMID: 34692699 PMCID: PMC8531642 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.744908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) has been shown to impact both apoptosis and cell survival, pleiotropic effects similar to one of its known ligands, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). Recent studies have given insight into the TGF-β1 signaling pathways involved in LRG1-mediated death versus survival signaling, i.e., canonical or non-canonical. Interaction of LRG1 with another ligand, extracellular cytochrome c (Cyt c), promotes cell survival, at least for lymphocytes. LRG1 has been shown to bind Cyt c with high affinity, higher than it binds TGF-β1, making it sensitive to small changes in the level of extracellular Cyt c within a microenvironment that may arise from cell death. Evidence is presented here that LRG1 can bind TGF-β1 and Cyt c simultaneously, raising the possibility that the ternary complex may present a signaling module with the net effect of signaling, cell death versus survival, determined by the relative extent to which the LRG1 binding sites are occupied by these two ligands. A possible role for LRG1 should be considered in studies where extracellular effects of TGF-β1 and Cyt c have been observed in media supplemented with LRG1-containing serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Jemmerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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16
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El Khoury Y, Schirer A, Patte-Mensah C, Klein C, Meyer L, Rataj-Baniowska M, Bernad S, Moss D, Lecomte S, Mensah-Nyagan AG, Hellwig P. Raman Imaging Reveals Accumulation of Hemoproteins in Plaques from Alzheimer's Diseased Tissues. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2940-2945. [PMID: 34292705 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemes have been suggested to play a central role in Alzheimer's disease since they show high peroxidase reactivity when bound to amyloid β peptides, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species. Here we used Fourier transform infrared and Raman imaging on Alzheimer's diseased mice and human brain tissue. Our finding suggests the accumulation of hemes in the senile plaques of both murine and human samples. We compared the Raman signature of the plaques to the ones of various hemeoproteins and to the hemin-Aβ-42 complex. The detected Raman signature of the plaques does not allow identifying the type of heme accumulating in the plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef El Khoury
- Laboratoire de Bioélectrochimie et Spectroscopie, UMR 7140, Chimie De La Matière Complexe, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alicia Schirer
- Laboratoire de Bioélectrochimie et Spectroscopie, UMR 7140, Chimie De La Matière Complexe, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Patte-Mensah
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Klein
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Meyer
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Monika Rataj-Baniowska
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Bernad
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - David Moss
- Synchrotron Light Source ANKA, Karlsruhe Research Center, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- Chimie Biologie des Membranes et Nanoobjets, UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS, 14 Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ayikoe-Guy Mensah-Nyagan
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Laboratoire de Bioélectrochimie et Spectroscopie, UMR 7140, Chimie De La Matière Complexe, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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17
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Canpolat G, Dolak İ, Onat R, Keçili R, Baysal Z, Ziyadanoğulları B, Ersöz A, Say R. Development of molecular imprinting-based smart cryogels for selective recognition and separation of serum cytochrome-c as a biochemical indicator. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Cosentino N, Campodonico J, Moltrasio M, Lucci C, Milazzo V, Rubino M, De Metrio M, Marana I, Grazi M, Bonomi A, Veglia F, Lauri G, Bartorelli AL, Marenzi G. Mitochondrial Biomarkers in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Their Potential Prognostic Implications: A Prospective Observational Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020275. [PMID: 33451159 PMCID: PMC7828727 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial biomarkers have been investigated in different critical settings, including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Whether they provide prognostic information in STEMI, complementary to troponins, has not been fully elucidated. We prospectively explored the in-hospital and long-term prognostic implications of cytochrome c and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: We measured cytochrome c and mtDNA at admission in 466 patients. Patients were grouped according to mitochondrial biomarkers detection: group 1 (−/−; no biomarker detected; n = 28); group 2 (−/+; only one biomarker detected; n = 283); group 3 (+/+; both biomarkers detected; n = 155). A composite of in-hospital mortality, cardiogenic shock, and acute pulmonary edema was the primary endpoint. Four-year all-cause mortality was the secondary endpoint. Results: Progressively lower left ventricular ejection fractions (52 ± 8%, 49 ± 8%, 47 ± 9%; p = 0.006) and higher troponin I peaks (54 ± 44, 73 ± 66, 106 ± 81 ng/mL; p = 0.001) were found across the groups. An increase in primary (4%, 14%, 19%; p = 0.03) and secondary (10%, 15%, 23%; p = 0.02) endpoint rate was observed going from group 1 to group 3. The adjusted odds ratio increment of the primary endpoint from one group to the next was 1.65 (95% CI 1.04–2.61; p = 0.03), while the adjusted hazard ratio increment of the secondary endpoint was 1.55 (95% CI 1.12–2.52; p = 0.03). The addition of study group allocation to admission troponin I reclassified 12% and 22% of patients for the primary and secondary endpoint, respectively. Conclusions: Detection of mitochondrial biomarkers is common in STEMI and seems to be associated with in-hospital and long-term outcome independently of troponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cosentino
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0258-0021
| | - Jeness Campodonico
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Marco Moltrasio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Claudia Lucci
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Valentina Milazzo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Mara Rubino
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Monica De Metrio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Ivana Marana
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Marco Grazi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Alice Bonomi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Veglia
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gianfranco Lauri
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonio L. Bartorelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marenzi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.R.); (M.D.M.); (I.M.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (F.V.); (G.L.); (A.L.B.); (G.M.)
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Wenzel TJ, Kwong E, Bajwa E, Klegeris A. Resolution-Associated Molecular Patterns (RAMPs) as Endogenous Regulators of Glia Functions in Neuroinflammatory Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:483-494. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200702143719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, facilitate the survival and health of all cells
within the Central Nervous System (CNS) by secreting a range of growth factors and contributing to
tissue and synaptic remodeling. Microglia and astrocytes can also secrete cytotoxins in response to
specific stimuli, such as exogenous Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), or endogenous
Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Excessive cytotoxic secretions can induce the death
of neurons and contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease
(AD). The transition between various activation states of glia, which include beneficial and detrimental
modes, is regulated by endogenous molecules that include DAMPs, cytokines, neurotransmitters,
and bioactive lipids, as well as a diverse group of mediators sometimes collectively referred to as
Resolution-Associated Molecular Patterns (RAMPs). RAMPs are released by damaged or dying CNS
cells into the extracellular space where they can induce signals in autocrine and paracrine fashions by
interacting with glial cell receptors. While the complete range of their effects on glia has not been described
yet, it is believed that their overall function is to inhibit adverse CNS inflammatory responses,
facilitate tissue remodeling and cellular debris removal. This article summarizes the available evidence
implicating the following RAMPs in CNS physiological processes and neurodegenerative diseases:
cardiolipin (CL), prothymosin α (ProTα), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), heat shock protein
(HSP) 10, HSP 27, and αB-crystallin. Studies on the molecular mechanisms engaged by RAMPs could
identify novel glial targets for development of therapeutic agents that effectively slow down neuroinflammatory
disorders including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Wenzel
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Evan Kwong
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ekta Bajwa
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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20
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Su Z, Lin M, Zhang H, Li J, Wu M, Lv H, Wang J, Xie S. The Release of Cyclophilin A from Rapamycin-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Mediated by Myosin II Activation: Involvement of Apoptosis but Not Autophagy. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:254-260. [PMID: 32526757 DOI: 10.1159/000506685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The exocytosis of cyclophilin A (CyPA) by a vesicular pathway in response to reactive oxygen species has been determined. However, other sources of extracellular CyPA remain obscure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the role of autophagy in the secretion of CyPA. METHODS AND RESULTS Rapamycin induced the activation of autophagy and release of CyPA from primary cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). However, inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of Atg7 or chloroquine did not affect the rapamycin-induced release of CyPA. With the exception of myosin II activity, rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK), actin remodelling, and synaptic vesicles were not implicated in the release of rapamycin-induced CyPA. Finally, we confirmed that rapamycin-induced extracellular CyPA originated from apoptotic RASMCs. Furthermore, the decreased activation of myosin II by blebbistatin blocked the release of CyPA from apoptotic RASMCs induced by rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin induced the release of CyPA from apoptotic RASMCs but did not affect exocytosis through autophagosomes. ROCK, actin remodelling, and synaptic vesicles were not involved in the apoptosis-related release of CyPA. Myosin II activation modulated the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and the release of CyPA from rapamycin-induced apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhuo Su
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maohuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiajie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiping Wu
- Department of Hematocyte Morphological Lab, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanlu Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuanglun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China,
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Foolad F, Khodagholi F, Nabavi SM, Javan M. Changes in mitochondrial function in patients with neuromyelitis optica; correlations with motor and cognitive disabilities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230691. [PMID: 32214385 PMCID: PMC7098571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that mainly affects optic nerves and spinal cord. Besides, loss of motor and cognitive function has been reported as important symptoms of disease. Objective Here we investigated the mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic alterations in NMO patients and evaluate their correlation with disease progress, disability and cognitive impairment. Methods The individuals (12 controls and 12 NMO) were assessed for disease severity by expanded disease status scale (EDSS), cognitive function via symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) and fine motor disability by 9-hole peg test (9-HPT). We have measured Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), SIRT3, mitochondrial complex I, complex IV, aconitase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGD) activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Furthermore, SIRT1, pyruvate, lactate and cytochrome c (Cyt c) were determined in plasma. Results Our results exhibited increased 9-HPT time in NMO patients. 9-HPT results correlated with EDSS; and SDMT negatively correlated with disease duration and number of attacks in patients. Investigation of PBMCs of NMO patients exhibited a decrease of mitochondrial complex I and IV activity that was significant for complex IV. Besides, complex I activity was negatively correlated with 9-HPT time in NMO group. In the plasma samples, a correlation between pyruvate to lactate ratio and EDSS in NMO patients was found and a negative correlation between Cyt c concentration and SDMT was detected. Conclusion Our data support the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction occurred in the CNS and the peripheral blood may contribute to disease progress, disability level and the cognitive impairment in NMO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Foolad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Massood Nabavi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Jiang MJ, Gu DN, Dai JJ, Huang Q, Tian L. Dark Side of Cytotoxic Therapy: Chemoradiation-Induced Cell Death and Tumor Repopulation. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:419-431. [PMID: 32348737 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated tumor repopulation following chemoradiation is often observed in the clinic, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In recent years, dying cells caused by chemoradiation have attracted much attention, and they may manifest diverse forms of cell death and release complex factors and thus orchestrate tumor repopulation cascades. Dying cells potentiate the survival of residual living tumor cells, remodel the tumor microenvironment, boost cell proliferation, and accelerate cancer cell metastasis. Moreover, dying cells also mediate the side effects of chemoradiation. These findings suggest more caution when weighing the benefits of cytotoxic therapy and the need to accordingly develop new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dian-Na Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Juan-Juan Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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23
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da Cunha FFM, Mugnol KCU, de Melo FM, Nascimento MVSQ, de Azevedo RA, Santos RTS, Magalhães JA, Miguel DC, Tada DB, Mortara RA, Travassos LR, Arruda DC. Peptide R18H from BRN2 Transcription Factor POU Domain Displays Antitumor Activity In Vitro and In Vivo and Induces Apoptosis in B16F10-Nex2 Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:389-401. [PMID: 30417795 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181109164246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRN2 transcription factor is associated with the development of malignant melanoma. The cytotoxic activities and cell death mechanism against B16F10-Nex2 cells were determined with synthetic peptide R18H derived from the POU domain of the BRN2 transcription factor. OBJECTIVE To determine the cell death mechanisms and in vivo activity of peptide R18H derived from the POU domain of the BRN2 transcription factor against B16F10-Nex2 cells. METHODS Cell viability was determined by the MTT method. C57Bl/6 mice were challenged with B16F10-Nex2 cells and treated with R18H. To identify the type of cell death, we used TUNEL assay, Annexin V and PI, Hoechst, DHE, and determination of caspase activation and cytochrome c release. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to verify morphological alterations after peptide treatment. RESULTS Peptide R18H displayed antitumor activity in the first hours of treatment and the EC50% was calculated for 2 and 24h, being 0.76 ± 0.045 mM and 0.559 ± 0.053 mM, respectively. After 24h apoptosis was evident, based on DNA degradation, chromatin condensation, increase of superoxide anion production, phosphatidylserine translocation, activation of caspases 3 and 8, and release of extracellular cytochrome c in B16F10-Nex2 cells. The peptide cytotoxic activity was not affected by necroptosis inhibitors and treated cells did not release LDH in the extracellular medium. Moreover, in vivo antitumor activity was observed following treatment with peptide R18H. CONCLUSION Peptide R18H from BRN2 transcription factor induced apoptosis in B16F10-Nex2 and displayed antitumor activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda F M da Cunha
- Nucleo Integrado de Biotecnologia (NIB), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia C U Mugnol
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Bioquimica (CIIB) Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Filipe M de Melo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta V S Q Nascimento
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Bioquimica (CIIB) Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A de Azevedo
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental (UNONEX), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel T S Santos
- Nucleo Integrado de Biotecnologia (NIB), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica A Magalhães
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriais e Nanotoxicologia, Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dayane B Tada
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriais e Nanotoxicologia, Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato A Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Travassos
- Unidade de Oncologia Experimental (UNONEX), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise C Arruda
- Nucleo Integrado de Biotecnologia (NIB), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
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Liu Z, Zhao X, Zhang L, Pei B. Cytochrome C inhibits tumor growth and predicts favorable prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6026-6032. [PMID: 31788077 PMCID: PMC6866253 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome C (Cyto C), a multifunctional enzyme, has been demonstrated to be associated with cell apoptosis and respiration. Accumulating evidence has revealed that serum Cyto C is an effective indicator in evaluating the effect of chemotherapy. However, to the best of our knowledge, the clinical significance of Cyto C and its role in cell growth and apoptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) remain unknown. In the present study, Cyto C expression was detected in 150 CCRCC and 30 normal tissues samples via immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that Cyto C protein expression levels in CCRCC tissues were downregulated compared with those in corresponding normal tissues. In addition, it was revealed that Cyto C expression was negatively associated with TNM stage. Further analyses revealed that patients with CCRCC and low Cyto C expression levels had a shorter survival time than those with high Cyto C expression. Multivariate analyses indicated that high Cyto C expression levels were an independent prognostic factor for survival. Functionally, overexpression of Cyto C effectively suppressed the growth of CCRCC cells and induced cell apoptosis, and knockdown of Cyto C reversed these effects. Finally, overexpression of Cyto C inhibited the tumor growth of CCRCC cells in vivo. Overall, the data of the present study indicated that Cyto C may be a novel prognostic biomarker and acted as a regulator of tumor growth in CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian Branch Jiangsu Province Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Xiancheng Zhao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian Branch Jiangsu Province Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian Branch Jiangsu Province Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian Branch Jiangsu Province Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
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Extracellular HtrA2 Induces Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215446. [PMID: 31683713 PMCID: PMC6862081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine protease high-temperature-required protein A2 (HtrA2) has been identified as a key intracellular molecule promoting apoptosis in cells during ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. IR injury in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) contributes to overall myocardial damage. HtrA2 has further been shown to be significantly increased in the serum of patients with STEMI. In the present pilot study, we use human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate whether extracellular HtrA2 induces apoptosis using Annexin V staining. Furthermore, we examine whether HtrA2 is released extracellularly after staurosporine-induced apoptosis using ELISA. We find that HtrA2 is released upon induction of apoptosis by staurosporine into the cell culture medium. Furthermore, treatment of HUVECs with extracellular HtrA2-induces apoptosis, while the addition of anti-HtrA2 antibodies reduces both HtrA2- and staurosporine-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. In conclusion, we show here that extracellular HtrA2 induces apoptosis in human endothelial cells, although the exact molecular mechanisms have to be investigated in future.
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26
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Wenzel TJ, Bajwa E, Klegeris A. Cytochrome c can be released into extracellular space and modulate functions of human astrocytes in a toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129400. [PMID: 31344401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic activation of glial cells contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. Cytochrome c (CytC) is a soluble mitochondrial protein that can act as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) when released into the extracellular space from damaged cells. CytC causes immune activation of microglia in a toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-dependent manner. The effects of extracellular CytC on astrocytes are unknown. Astrocytes, which are the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, express TLR 4 and secrete inflammatory mediators; therefore, we hypothesized that extracellular CytC can interact with the TLR 4 of astrocytes inducing their release of inflammatory molecules and cytotoxins. METHOD Experiments were conducted using primary human astrocytes, U118 MG human astrocytic cells, BV-2 murine microglia, and SH-SY5Y human neuronal cells. RESULTS Extracellularly applied CytC increased the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-12 p70 by cultured primary human astrocytes. Anti-TLR 4 antibodies blocked the CytC-induced secretion of IL-1β and GM-CSF by astrocytes. Supernatants from CytC-activated astrocytes were toxic to human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. We also demonstrated CytC release from damaged glial cells by measuring CytC in the supernatants of BV-2 microglia after their exposure to cytotoxic concentrations of staurosporine, amyloid-β peptides (Aβ42) and tumor necrosis factor-α. CONCLUSION CytC can be released into the extracellular space from damaged glial cells causing immune activation of astrocytes in a TLR 4-dependent manner. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Astrocyte activation by CytC may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocyte TLR 4 could be a potential therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Wenzel
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ekta Bajwa
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Anticancer Activity of Earthworm Powder (Lumbricus terrestris) Against MCF-7 and PC-3 Cancer Cell Lines. J Gastrointest Cancer 2019; 50:919-925. [DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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A Comprehensive Assessment of Apigenin as an Antiproliferative, Proapoptotic, Antiangiogenic and Immunomodulatory Phytocompound. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040858. [PMID: 30995771 PMCID: PMC6521017 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) (Api) is an important component of the human diet, being distributed in a wide number of fruits, vegetables and herbs with the most important sources being represented by chamomile, celery, celeriac and parsley. This study was designed for a comprehensive evaluation of Api as an antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory phytocompound. In the set experimental conditions, Api presents antiproliferative activity against the A375 human melanoma cell line, a G2/M arrest of the cell cycle and cytotoxic events as revealed by the lactate dehydrogenase release. Caspase 3 activity was inversely proportional to the Api tested doses, namely 30 μM and 60 μM. Phenomena of early apoptosis, late apoptosis and necrosis following incubation with Api were detected by Annexin V-PI double staining. The flavone interfered with the mitochondrial respiration by modulating both glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways for ATP production. The metabolic activity of human dendritic cells (DCs) under LPS-activation was clearly attenuated by stimulation with high concentrations of Api. Il-6 and IL-10 secretion was almost completely blocked while TNF alpha secretion was reduced by about 60%. Api elicited antiangiogenic properties in a dose-dependent manner. Both concentrations of Api influenced tumour cell growth and migration, inducing a limited tumour area inside the application ring, associated with a low number of capillaries.
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Mignolet A, Wood BR, Goormaghtigh E. Intracellular investigation on the differential effects of 4 polyphenols on MCF-7 breast cancer cells by Raman imaging. Analyst 2018; 143:258-269. [PMID: 29214243 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01460k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The past decades have seen significant interest in the study of polyphenolic compounds as potential therapeutic agents in medicine because they display a vast array of cellular effects beneficial to treat or manage a plethora of chronic diseases including inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular abnormalities and several types of cancer. These compounds act at different stages of carcinogenesis but deciphering their mode of action is a complex task. Live MCF-7 breast cancer cells were investigated using Raman imaging to evaluate the perturbations induced after incubating cells with four different polyphenols: EGCG, gallic acid, resveratrol and tannic acid. First, clear spectral changes could be observed between the spectra of the cytoplasm and the nucleus of live MCF-7 cancer cells demonstrating a difference in their respective global chemical composition. The treatments induced significant modifications in the cells but no clear common pattern of modifications from the 4 drugs could be observed in the cell spectra in the 1800-600 cm-1 region. The high spatial resolution of Raman confocal microscopy enabled both the nucleus and cytoplasm to be independently targeted to study the impact of the polyphenols on the cell line. Positive spectral variations at 2851 cm-1 and 2920 cm-1 as well as in the 1460-1420 cm-1 and 1660-1650 cm-1 spectral regions inside cell cytoplasm reflected an increase of the lipid content after exposure to polyphenols. Lipid accumulation appears to be an early biomarker of drug-induced cell stress and subsequent apoptosis. Interestingly an increase of cytochrome c into the cytosol was also induced by EGCG. These multiple events are possibly associated with cell apoptosis. In conclusion, Raman micro-spectroscopy provides a complementary spectroscopic method to realize biological investigations on live cancer cells and to evaluate the effects of polyphenols at the subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mignolet
- Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, Bld du Triomphe 2, CP206/2, B1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Ghayyem S, Faridbod F. A fluorescent aptamer/carbon dots based assay for Cytochrome c protein detection as a biomarker of cell apoptosis. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 7:015005. [PMID: 30524015 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aaf0ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt c), a heme protein, can be a potential biomarker for cell-apoptosis or even cancer diagnosis. In this work, a simple, rapid, sensitive and selective label-free assay for Cytochrome c (Cyt c) detection is introduced based on an interaction between nucleic acid aptamer biomolecules and surfaces of Carbon Dots (CDs). CDs are used as a fluorescent probes and Cyt c-aptamers as a sensing materials. Interactions of aptamers with CDs quench the fluorescent intensity of CDs. By addition of Cyt c biomolecule as an analyte to the solution and binding to the aptamers, CDs fluorescence turns on. Stronger binding affinity of the aptamers toward Cyt c than CDs, causes they leave the CDs surfaces and the fluorescence is recovered. The amount of recoveries corresponds linearly to the concentration of Cyt c and be used as the basis of detection. The method exhibited high sensitivity to Cyt c with a detection limit of 25.90 nM and a linear range from 40 nM to 240 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Ghayyem
- Analytical Chemistry Department, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Induction of apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells by ruthenium(II) complexes through ROS-mediated lysosome–mitochondria dysfunction and inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Li H, Huang Y, Chen C, Xiao A, Hou G, Huang Y, Feng X, Guan B. Real-Time Cellular Cytochrome C Monitoring through an Optical Microfiber: Enabled by a Silver-Decorated Graphene Nanointerface. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1701074. [PMID: 30128226 PMCID: PMC6096990 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201701074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The translocation of cytochrome c (cyt c) from mitochondria and out of cell is an important signal of cell apoptosis. Monitoring this process extracellularly without invasion and cytotoxicity to cells is of great importance to understand certain diseases at the cellular level; however, it requires sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity and miniature size. This study reports an optical microfiber aptasensor with a silver-decorated graphene (Ag@RGO) nanointerface for real-time cellular cyt c monitoring. Owing to an interfacial sensitization effect coupled with the plasmonic electromagnetic enhancement of silver nanoparticles and chemical enhancement of graphene platforms, which enhances the energy density on microfiber surface obviously, the lowest limit of detection achieved is 6.82 × 10-17 m, which is approximately five orders of magnitude lower than those of existing methods. This microfiber successfully detects the ultralow concentrations of cyt c present during the initial stage of apoptosis in situ. As the microfiber functionalized by Ag@RGO nanointerface can be varied to meet any specific detection objective, this work opens up new opportunities to quantitatively monitor biological functions occurring at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and CommunicationsInstitute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yunyun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and CommunicationsInstitute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Chaoyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and CommunicationsInstitute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Aoxiang Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and CommunicationsInstitute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Guanhua Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and CommunicationsInstitute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yugang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436China
| | - Xinhuan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and CommunicationsInstitute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Bai‐Ou Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and CommunicationsInstitute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
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Semevolos SA, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Larson M, Kinsley MA. Expression of pro-apoptotic markers is increased along the osteochondral junction in naturally occurring osteochondrosis. Bone Rep 2018; 9:19-26. [PMID: 29998174 PMCID: PMC6038796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a naturally occurring disease of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage and subchondral bone layers, leading to pain and decreased mobility. The objective of this study was to characterize gene and protein expression of apoptotic markers in chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and along the osteochondral junction of osteochondrosis (OC)-affected and normal cartilage, using naturally occurring disease in horses. Paraffin-embedded osteochondral samples (6 OC, 8 normal controls) and cDNA from chondrocytes captured with laser capture microdissection (4 OC, 6 normal controls) were obtained from the lateral trochlear ridge of femoropatellar joints in 14 immature horses (1–6 months of age). Equine-specific caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-10, Fas, Bcl-2, BAG-1, TNFα, cytochrome C, thymosin-β10, and 18S mRNA expression levels were evaluated by two-step real-time quantitative PCR. Percentage of cell death was determined using the TUNEL method. Protein expression of caspase-10, Fas, cytochrome C, and thymosin-β10 was determined following immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test or two-sample t-test (p < 0.05). In OC samples, there was significantly increased gene expression of caspase-10, Fas, cytochrome C, and thymosin-β10 in chondrocytes along the osteochondral junction and increased Fas gene expression in chondrocytes adjacent to cartilage canals, compared to controls. In OC samples, higher matrix Fas and cytochrome C protein expression, lower mitochondrial cytochrome C protein expression, and a trend for higher cytoplasmic caspase-10 protein expression were found. Collectively, these results suggest that both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways are activated in OC cartilage. Increased apoptosis of osteochondral junction chondrocytes may play a role in OC, based on increased gene expression of several pro-apoptotic markers in this location. Pro-apoptotic marker gene expression increased in osteochondrosis cartilage Extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways activated along osteochondral junction Higher caspase-10, Fas, cytochrome C, and thymosin-β10 gene expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Semevolos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katja F Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Maureen Larson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Marc A Kinsley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Chen YJ, Schoeler U, Huang CHB, Vollmer F. Combining Whispering-Gallery Mode Optical Biosensors with Microfluidics for Real-Time Detection of Protein Secretion from Living Cells in Complex Media. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703705. [PMID: 29718550 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The noninvasive monitoring of protein secretion of cells responding to drug treatment is an effective and essential tool in latest drug development and for cytotoxicity assays. In this work, a surface functionalization method is demonstrated for specific detection of protein released from cells and a platform that integrates highly sensitive optical devices, called whispering-gallery mode biosensors, with precise microfluidics control to achieve label-free and real-time detection. Cell biomarker release is measured in real time and with nanomolar sensitivity. The surface functionalization method allows for antibodies to be immobilized on the surface for specific detection, while the microfluidics system enables detection in a continuous flow with a negligible compromise between sensitivity and flow control over stabilization and mixing. Cytochrome c detection is used to illustrate the merits of the system. Jurkat cells are treated with the toxin staurosporine to trigger cell apoptosis and cytochrome c released into the cell culture medium is monitored via the newly invented optical microfluidic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jen Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technology (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schoeler
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technology (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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35
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Vakamullu S, Arepalli SK, Velatooru LR, J VR, P KK, B N. In vitro apoptotic mechanism of a novel synthetic Quinazolinyl derivative: Induces caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway on THP-1, leukemia cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 280:117-127. [PMID: 29225136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several quinazoline derivatives have been found to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. Previously our research group has synthesized and studied the anti-proliferative effects of N-Decyl-N-(2-Methyl-4-Quinazolinyl) Amine (DMQA). The current study evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of DMQA in THP-1 cells. The cytotoxic potential of DMQA was assessed using MTT assay on a panel of cancer cell lines which include HeLa, Mia PaCa-2, A 375, B16-F10, A 549,A 431, U937, THP-1, HL-60 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's). Preliminary data revealed that the highest cytotoxic activity was against THP-1 leukemia cell line (IC50=0.66 μg/ml). The apoptotic properties of DMQA on THP-1 cells were characterized by change in nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation, reduction of pro-caspases-3, 9, Bax/Bcl-2 levels, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and cytosolic release of cytochrome c. Further investigation revealed a sub-G1 peak, phosphatidyl serine exposure and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in THP-1 cells. The role of caspases was crucial and was demonstrated by the inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK and Z-DEVD-FMK. Moreover DMQA was markedly less effective in inhibiting the growth of normal cells (PBMC's, IC50 =62.17 μg/ml). Based on the results we suggest that DMQA induced apoptosis via intrinsic pathway and could be a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Vakamullu
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India; MNR Foundation for Research and Innovation, MNR Medical College, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502294, India
| | - S K Arepalli
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - L R Velatooru
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao J
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India.
| | - Kavin Kennedy P
- Flow-cytometry Facility, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
| | - Narsaiah B
- Fluoro Organic Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
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36
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An Assay Using Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Gold Nanorods Functionalized with Aptamers to Sense the Cytochrome-c Released from Apoptotic Cancer Cells for Anti-Cancer Drug Effect Determination. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8110338. [PMID: 30400530 PMCID: PMC6190337 DOI: 10.3390/mi8110338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine the degree of cancer cell killing after treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs, we have developed a sensitive platform using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and aptamers to detect the extracellular cytochrome-c (cyto-c), a mitochondrial protein released from cancer cells for the induction of apoptosis after treatment, to evaluate the effectiveness of cancer therapy. In this assay, a short single-stranded 76-mer DNA aptamer with a unique DNA sequence, which binds towards the cyto-c like an antibody with a high binding affinity and specificity, was conjugated to gold nanorods (AuNR) for LSPR sensing. Practically, cyto-c was first grabbed by a capturing antibody functionalized on the surface of micro-magnetic particles (MMPs). Subsequently, the AuNR-conjugated aptamer was added to form a complex sandwich structure with cyto-c (i.e., (MMP-Ab)-(cyto-c)-(AuNR-aptamer)) after washing away the non-target impurities, such as serum residues and intracellular contents, in a microfluidic chip. The sandwich complex led to formation of AuNR aggregates, which changed the LSPR signals in relation to the amount of cyto-c. With the LSPR signal enhancement effects from the AuNRs, the detection limit of cyto-c, sparked in human serum or culture medium, was found to be 0.1 ng/mL in our platform and the whole sensing process could be completed within two hours. Moreover, we have applied this assay to monitor the apoptosis in leukemia cancer cells induced by a potential anti-cancer agent phenylarsine oxide.
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37
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Borras C, Abdelaziz KM, Gambini J, Serna E, Inglés M, de la Fuente M, Garcia I, Matheu A, Sanchís P, Belenguer A, Errigo A, Avellana JA, Barettino A, Lloret-Fernández C, Flames N, Pes G, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Viña J. Human exceptional longevity: transcriptome from centenarians is distinct from septuagenarians and reveals a role of Bcl-xL in successful aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3185-3208. [PMID: 27794564 PMCID: PMC5270663 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Centenarians not only enjoy an extraordinary aging, but also show a compression of morbidity. Using functional transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) we identified 1721 mRNAs differentially expressed by centenarians when compared with septuagenarians and young people. Sub-network analysis led us to identify Bcl-xL as an important gene up-regulated in centenarians. It is involved in the control of apoptosis, cellular damage protection and also in modulation of immune response, all associated to healthy aging. Indeed, centenarians display lower plasma cytochrome C levels, higher mitochondrial membrane potential and also less cellular damage accumulation than septuagenarians. Leukocyte chemotaxis and NK cell activity are significantly impaired in septuagenarians compared with young people whereas centenarians maintain them. To further ascertain the functional role of Bcl-xL in cellular aging, we found that lymphocytes from septuagenarians transduced with Bcl-xL display a reduction in senescent-related markers. Finally, to demonstrate the role of Bcl-xL in longevity at the organism level, C. elegans bearing a gain of function mutation in the Bcl-xL ortholog ced-9, showed a significant increase in mean and maximal life span. These results show that mRNA expression in centenarians is unique and reveals that Bcl-xL plays an important role in exceptional aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Borras
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, INCLIVA and Spanish Centenarian Study Group; Facultad de Fisioterapia Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kheira M Abdelaziz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, INCLIVA and Spanish Centenarian Study Group; Facultad de Fisioterapia Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Gambini
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, INCLIVA and Spanish Centenarian Study Group; Facultad de Fisioterapia Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, INCLIVA and Spanish Centenarian Study Group; Facultad de Fisioterapia Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Inglés
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | | | - Idoia Garcia
- IIKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Servicio de Geriatría. Hospital de la Ribera. Alzira, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- IIKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Servicio de Geriatría. Hospital de la Ribera. Alzira, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Sanchís
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Viale San Pietro 8, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Angel Belenguer
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Viale San Pietro 8, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan-Antonio Avellana
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Viale San Pietro 8, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ana Barettino
- Departamento de Geriatría. Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Flames
- Departamento de Geriatría. Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianni Pes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jose Viña
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, INCLIVA and Spanish Centenarian Study Group; Facultad de Fisioterapia Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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38
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Alvarez-Paggi D, Hannibal L, Castro MA, Oviedo-Rouco S, Demicheli V, Tórtora V, Tomasina F, Radi R, Murgida DH. Multifunctional Cytochrome c: Learning New Tricks from an Old Dog. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13382-13460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Alvarez-Paggi
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Department
of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María A. Castro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Santiago Oviedo-Rouco
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Veronica Demicheli
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Veronica Tórtora
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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39
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Loo J, Yang C, Tsang HL, Lau PM, Yong KT, Ho HP, Kong SK. An Aptamer Bio-barCode (ABC) assay using SPR, RNase H, and probes with RNA and gold-nanorods for anti-cancer drug screening. Analyst 2017; 142:3579-3587. [PMID: 28852760 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With modifications to an ultra-sensitive bio-barcode (BBC) assay, we have developed a next generation aptamer-based bio-barcode (ABC) assay to detect cytochrome-c (Cyto-c), a cell death marker released from cancer cells, for anti-cancer drug screening. An aptamer is a short single-stranded DNA selected from a synthetic DNA library that is capable of binding to its target with high affinity and specificity based on its unique DNA sequence and 3D structure after folding. Similar to the BBC assay, Cyto-c is captured by a micro-magnetic particle (MMP) coated with capturing antibodies (Ab) and an aptamer specifically against Cyto-c to form sandwich structures ([MMP-Ab]-[Cyto-c]-[Aptamer]). After washing and melting, our aptamers, acting as a DNA bio-barcode, are released from the sandwiches and hybridized with the probes specially designed for RNase H for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing. In an aptamer-probe duplex, RNase H digests the RNA in the probe and releases the intact aptamer for another round of hybridization and digestion. With signal enhancement effects from gold-nanorods (Au-NRs) on probes for SPR sensing, the detection limit was found to be 1 nM for the aptamer and 80 pM for Cyto-c. Without the time-consuming DNA amplification steps by PCR, the detection process of this new ABC assay can be completed within three hours. As a proof-of-concept, phenylarsine oxide was found to be a potent agent to kill liver cancer cells with multi-drug resistance at the nano-molar level. This approach thus provides a fast, sensitive and robust tool for anti-cancer drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Loo
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chengbin Yang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hing Lun Tsang
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Pui Man Lau
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ho Pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Kai Kong
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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40
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Upregulation of Apoptosis Pathway Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of HIV-Infected Individuals with Antiretroviral Therapy-Associated Mitochondrial Toxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00522-17. [PMID: 28584150 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00522-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A case-control study of the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on apoptosis pathway genes comprising 16 cases (HIV infected with mitochondrial toxicity) and 16 controls (HIV uninfected) was conducted. A total of 26 of 84 genes of the apoptosis pathway were differentially expressed. Two of the upregulated genes, DFFA and TNFRSF1A, classified 75% of study participants correctly as either a case or control. Thus, apoptosis may be in the causal pathway of ART-associated mitochondrial toxicity. These two genes could be markers for detecting and monitoring ART-induced mitochondrial toxicity.
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41
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Bock B, Hasdemir D, Wandrer F, Rodt T, Manns MP, Schulze-Osthoff K, Bantel H. Serum cell death biomarker mirrors liver cancer regression after transarterial chemoembolisation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:747-54. [PMID: 27485159 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents an increasing health problem with limited therapeutic options. In patients with intermediate disease stage, transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is widely applied. Treatment response is routinely assessed by imaging techniques according to the international response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST), which consider tumour regression or additionally tumour necrosis (modified RECIST). Evaluation of treatment response, however, by these methods is time- and cost-intensive and usually performed at earliest several months following TACE. AIM To investigate the suitability of novel non-invasive cell death biomarkers for an earlier prediction of TACE response. METHODS We analysed activation of pro-apoptotic caspases and the proteolytic cleavage of the caspase substrate CK-18 in liver tissues and sera from HCC patients by immunohistochemistry, a luminometric substrate assay and ELISA. RESULTS Both caspase activity and caspase-cleaved CK-18 fragments were elevated in HCC patients compared to healthy controls. CK-18 serum levels significantly increased during the first 3 days and peaked at day two following TACE. Interestingly, we found significant differences in CK-18 levels between patients with and without tumour regression. Detection of CK-18 fragments revealed a promising performance for the early prediction of TACE response with an area under the curve value of 0.76. CONCLUSIONS Caspase-cleaved CK-18 levels mirror liver cancer regression and allow an earlier prediction of TACE response. The concordance with mRECIST suggests that the detection of CK-18 levels immediately after TACE might be used as a short-term decision guide to continue or change HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hasdemir
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Wandrer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Rodt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Schulze-Osthoff
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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42
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Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I. Cytochrome c as a Potentially Clinical Useful Marker of Mitochondrial and Cellular Damage. Front Immunol 2016; 7:279. [PMID: 27489552 PMCID: PMC4951490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are evolutionary endosymbionts derived from bacteria. Thus, they bear molecules, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that contains CpG DNA repeats and N-formyl peptides (FPs), found in bacteria. Upon cell necrosis or apoptosis, these molecules are released into the interstitial space and the circulation and recognized by the immune cells through the same receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, leading to inflammation. Other mitochondrial molecules are not of bacterial origin, but they may serve as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) when due to cell injury are translocated into inappropriate compartments. There they are recognized by pattern recognition receptors of the immune cells. Cytochrome c is such a molecule. In this review, experimental and clinical data are presented that confirms cytochrome c release into the extracellular space in pathological conditions characterized by cell death. This indicates that serum cytochrome c, which can be easily measured, may be a clinically useful marker for diagnosing and assessing the severity of such pathological entities. Reasonably, detection of high cytochrome c level into the circulation means release of various other molecules that serves as DAMPs when found extracellularly, the mtDNA and FPs included. Finally, because the release of this universally found compound into the extracellular space makes cytochrome c an ideal molecule to play the role of a DAMP per se, the available experimental and clinical data that support such a role are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly , Larissa , Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly , Larissa , Greece
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43
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Shamsipur M, Molaabasi F, Hosseinkhani S, Rahmati F. Detection of Early Stage Apoptotic Cells Based on Label-Free Cytochrome c Assay Using Bioconjugated Metal Nanoclusters as Fluorescent Probes. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2188-97. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shamsipur
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University, 67149-67346, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaabasi
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Rahmati
- Department of Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
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44
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Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by a very little apoptosis, ie, genetically programmed cell death. Aberrations in apoptotic pathways are central to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and overall tumor growth and regression in response to chemotherapy. It is now increasingly accepted that chemotherapeutic drug efficacy is partially related to its ability to induce apoptosis. Apoptosis, therefore, represents not only a vital target in cancer therapy but also a unique biomarker opportunity that has thus far been largely unexploited. In response to therapy, tumor cells undergo apoptosis and release their cellular components in the circulation. As such, these materials may serve as biomarkers to assess response. Apoptosis markers in breast cancer include circulating soluble FasL, granzyme B, and cytochrome c that increase following chemotherapy. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of information in the literature with respect to this approach. As such, large-scale prospective studies are clearly needed to validate this approach and more fully elucidate clinical usefulness.
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45
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Gregory CD, Ford CA, Voss JJLP. Microenvironmental Effects of Cell Death in Malignant Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 930:51-88. [PMID: 27558817 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39406-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although apoptosis is well recognized as a cell death program with clear anticancer roles, accumulating evidence linking apoptosis with tissue repair and regeneration indicates that its relationship with malignant disease is more complex than previously thought. Here we review how the responses of neighboring cells in the microenvironment of apoptotic tumor cells may contribute to the cell birth/cell death disequilibrium that provides the basis for cancerous tissue emergence and growth. We describe the bioactive properties of apoptotic cells and consider, in particular, how apoptosis of tumor cells can engender a range of responses including pro-oncogenic signals having proliferative, angiogenic, reparatory, and immunosuppressive features. Drawing on the parallels between wound healing, tissue regeneration and cancer, we propose the concept of the "onco-regenerative niche," a cell death-driven generic network of tissue repair and regenerative mechanisms that are hijacked in cancer. Finally, we consider how the responses to cell death in tumors can be targeted to provide more effective and long-lasting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Gregory
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Catriona A Ford
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jorine J L P Voss
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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46
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Wang C, Li X, Shen C, Ma L, Dong Z, Zhu H, Wang P, Ge J, Sun A. SPECT imaging of cytochrome c in pressure overload mice hearts. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, pressure overload (PO) occurs in many clinical settings such as hypertension and valvular stenosis especially in the current aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Changhai Hospital
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Leilei Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- PR China
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47
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Afify M, Kamel RR, Elhosary YA, Hegazy AE, Fahim HH, Ezzat WM. The possible role of Cytochrome c and programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) on pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2015; 13:157-163. [PMID: 30647579 PMCID: PMC6299860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is regarded as one of the most common malignancies and among the leading causes of cancer death in the whole world. Apoptosis is a fundamental process controlling cell death and plays a critical role in normal development of multicellular organisms. When abnormalities occur in apoptosis, a variety of diseases are caused, including cancer. The aim of the current study was to determine the serum expression of Cytochrome c and PDCD4 among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 40 serum and tissue samples (17 samples from chronic hepatitis and 23 samples from HCC patients) were collected. Apoptotic markers in serum were carried out using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. RESULTS We found that serum levels of PCDC4 and Cytochrome c were increased in patients with HCC when compared to chronic hepatitis patients. They were also increased in patients with chronic hepatitis when compared to controls (p < 0.05, significant). Analyzing the impact of HCC characters on serum values of PDCD4 and Cytochrome c revealed that the mean values of both PDCD4 and Cytochrome c are significantly higher in cases with single lesion of HCC (p < 0.05, significant). Right lobe location of HCC lesions has the highest mean values of PDCD4 (p < 0.05, significant). As regards grade of differentiation, grade П has higher mean values of Cytochrome c (p < 0.05, significant). CONCLUSION Serum levels of Cytochrome c and PDCD4 are increased in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and could be used as diagnostic aid for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Afify
- Biochemistry Dept., National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Refaat R. Kamel
- Surgery Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hoda H. Fahim
- Anesthesia Dept., Elsahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M. Ezzat
- Internal Medicine Dept., National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhao L, Feng Y, Shi A, Zong Y, Wan M. Apoptosis Induced by Microbubble-Assisted Acoustic Cavitation in K562 Cells: The Predominant Role of the Cyclosporin A-Dependent Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:2755-64. [PMID: 26164288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic cavitation of microbubbles has been described as inducing tumor cell apoptosis that is partly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction; however, the exact mechanisms have not been fully characterized. Here, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (1 MHz, 0.3-MPa peak negative pressure, 10% duty cycle and 1-kHz pulse repetition frequency) was applied to K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells for 1 min with 10% (v/v) SonoVue microbubbles. After ultrasound exposure, the apoptotic index was determined by flow cytometry with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was determined with the JC-1 assay. Translocation of apoptosis-associated protein cytochrome c was evaluated by Western blotting. We found that microbubble-assisted acoustic cavitation can increase the cellular apoptotic index, mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release in K562 cells, compared with ultrasound treatment alone. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis were significantly inhibited by cyclosporin A, a classic inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore; however, the inhibitor of Bax protein, Bax-inhibiting peptide, could not suppress these effects. Our results suggest that mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening is involved in mitochondrial dysfunction after exposure to microbubble-assisted acoustic cavitation. Moreover, the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria is dependent on cyclosporin A-sensitive mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, but not formation of the Bax-voltage dependent anion channel complex or Bax oligomeric pores. These data provide more insight into the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction induced by acoustic cavitation and can be used as a basis for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, China.
| | - Aiwei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, China
| | - Yujin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, China
| | - Mingxi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, China.
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49
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Identifying the role of cytochrome c in post-resuscitation pathophysiology. Am J Emerg Med 2015; 33:1826-30. [PMID: 26494628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c, an electron carrier that normally resides in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, may translocate to the cytosol under ischemic and hypoxic conditions and contribute to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In addition, reperfusion of brain tissue following ischemia initiates a cell death cascade that includes cytochrome c-mediated induction of apoptosis. Further studies are needed to determine the contribution of cytochrome c in the regulation of cell death, as well as its value as an in vivo prognostic marker after cardiac arrest and resuscitation.
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50
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Safi SZ, Batumalaie K, Mansor M, Chinna K, Mohan S, Kumar S, Karimian H, Qvist R, Ashraf MA, Yan GOS. Glutamine treatment attenuates hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial stress and apoptosis in umbilical vein endothelial cells. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:569-76. [PMID: 26247670 PMCID: PMC4518821 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(08)07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of glutamine and insulin on apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell permeability, and inflammatory cytokines in hyperglycemic umbilical vein endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were grown and subjected to glutamine and insulin to examine the effects of these agents on the hyperglycemic state. Mitochondrial function and the production of inflammatory cytokines were assessed using fluorescence analysis and multiple cytotoxicity assays. Apoptosis was analyzed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling assay. RESULTS Glutamine maintains the integrity of the mitochondria by reducing the cell permeability and cytochrome c levels and increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential. The cytochrome c level was significantly (p<0.005) reduced when the cells were treated with glutamine. An apoptosis assay revealed significantly reduced apoptosis (p<0.005) in the glutamine-treated cells. Moreover, glutamine alone or in combination with insulin modulated inflammatory cytokine levels. Interleukin-10, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor were up-regulated while tumor necrosis factor-α was down-regulated after treatment with glutamine. CONCLUSION Glutamine, either alone or in combination with insulin, can positively modulate the mitochondrial stress and cell permeability in umbilical vein endothelial cells. Glutamine regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and maintains the balance of the mitochondria in a cytoprotective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Zaman Safi
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marzida Mansor
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Selva Kumar
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rajes Qvist
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Garcie Ong Siok Yan
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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