1
|
Jarosławska J, Kordas B, Miłowski T, Juranek JK. Mammalian Diaphanous1 signalling in neurovascular complications of diabetes. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2628-2645. [PMID: 38491850 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, diabetes gradually has become one of the top non-communicable disorders, affecting 476.0 million in 2017 and is predicted to reach 570.9 million people in 2025. It is estimated that 70 to 100% of all diabetic patients will develop some if not all, diabetic complications over the course of the disease. Despite different symptoms, mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic complications are similar, likely stemming from deficits in both neuronal and vascular components supplying hyperglycaemia-susceptible tissues and organs. Diaph1, protein diaphanous homolog 1, although mainly known for its regulatory role in structural modification of actin and related cytoskeleton proteins, in recent years attracted research attention as a cytoplasmic partner of the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) a signal transduction receptor, whose activation triggers an increase in proinflammatory molecules, oxidative stressors and cytokines in diabetes and its related complications. Both Diaph1 and RAGE are also a part of the RhoA signalling cascade, playing a significant role in the development of neurovascular disturbances underlying diabetes-related complications. In this review, based on the existing knowledge as well as compelling findings from our past and present studies, we address the role of Diaph1 signalling in metabolic stress and neurovascular degeneration in diabetic complications. In light of the most recent developments in biochemical, genomic and transcriptomic research, we describe current theories on the aetiology of diabetes complications, highlighting the function of the Diaph1 signalling system and its role in diabetes pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jarosławska
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bernard Kordas
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Miłowski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Judyta K Juranek
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Su M, Xie X, Wang P, Bi H, Li E, Ren K, Dong L, Lv Z, Ma X, Liu Y, Zhao B, Peng Y, Liu J, Liu L, Yang J, Ji P, Mei Y. mDia formins form hetero-oligomers and cooperatively maintain murine hematopoiesis. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011084. [PMID: 38157491 PMCID: PMC10756686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
mDia formin proteins regulate the dynamics and organization of the cytoskeleton through their linear actin nucleation and polymerization activities. We previously showed that mDia1 deficiency leads to aberrant innate immune activation and induces myelodysplasia in a mouse model, and mDia2 regulates enucleation and cytokinesis of erythroblasts and the engraftment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, whether and how mDia formins interplay and regulate hematopoiesis under physiological and stress conditions remains unknown. Here, we found that both mDia1 and mDia2 are required for HSPC regeneration under stress, such as serial plating, aging, and reconstitution after myeloid ablation. We showed that mDia1 and mDia2 form hetero-oligomers through the interactions between mDia1 GBD-DID and mDia2 DAD domains. Double knockout of mDia1 and mDia2 in hematopoietic cells synergistically impaired the filamentous actin network and serum response factor-involved transcriptional signaling, which led to declined HSPCs, severe anemia, and significant mortality in neonates and newborn mice. Our data demonstrate the potential roles of mDia hetero-oligomerization and their non-rodent functions in the regulation of HSPCs activity and orchestration of hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Su
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinshu Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Honghao Bi
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ermin Li
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kehan Ren
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lili Dong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyi Lv
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanliang Peng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University; Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University; Changsha, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yang Mei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rabbolini D, Liang HPH, Morel-Kopp MC, Connor D, Whittaker S, Dunkley S, Donikian D, Kondo M, Chen W, Stevenson WS, Campbell H, Joseph J, Ward C, Brighton T, Chen VM. Building platelet phenotypes: diaphanous-related formin 1 (DIAPH1)-related disorder. Platelets 2021; 33:432-442. [PMID: 34223798 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1937593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Variants of the Diaphanous-Related Formin 1 (DIAPH-1) gene have recently been reported causing inherited macrothrombocytopenia. The essential/"diagnostic" characteristics associated with the disorder are emerging; however, robust and complete criteria are not established. Here, we report the first cases of DIAPH1-related disorder in Australia caused by the autosomal dominant gain-of-function DIAPH1 R1213X variant formed by truncation of the protein within the diaphanous auto-regulatory domain (DAD) with loss of regulatory motifs responsible for autoinhibitory interactions within the DIAPH1 protein. We affirm phenotypic changes induced by the DIAPH1 R1213X variant to include macrothrombocytopenia, early-onset progressive sensorineural hearing loss, and mild asymptomatic neutropenia. High-resolution microscopy confirms perturbations of cytoskeletal dynamics caused by the DIAPH1 variant and we extend the repertoire of changes generated by this variant to include alteration of procoagulant platelet formation and possible dental anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Rabbolini
- Department of Haematology, Lismore Base Hospital, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hai Po Helena Liang
- Platelets, Thrombosis and Cancer Research Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie-Christine Morel-Kopp
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Connor
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane Whittaker
- Platelets, Thrombosis and Cancer Research Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Dunkley
- Department of Haematology, The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dea Donikian
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Haematology NSW Health Pathology Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mayuko Kondo
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Haematology NSW Health Pathology Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Walter Chen
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William S Stevenson
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather Campbell
- Platelets, Thrombosis and Cancer Research Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne Joseph
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Ward
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Brighton
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Haematology NSW Health Pathology Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivien M Chen
- Platelets, Thrombosis and Cancer Research Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zuidscherwoude M, Haining EJ, Simms VA, Watson S, Grygielska B, Hardy AT, Bacon A, Watson SP, Thomas SG. Loss of mDia1 and Fhod1 impacts platelet formation but not platelet function. Platelets 2020; 32:1051-1062. [PMID: 32981398 PMCID: PMC8635707 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1822522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
An organized and dynamic cytoskeleton is required for platelet formation and function. Formins are a large family of actin regulatory proteins which are also able to regulate microtubule dynamics. There are four formin family members expressed in human and mouse megakaryocytes and platelets. We have previously shown that the actin polymerization activity of formin proteins is required for cytoskeletal dynamics and platelet spreading using a small molecule inhibitor. In the current study, we analyze transgenic mouse models deficient in two of these proteins, mDia1 and Fhod1, along with a model lacking both proteins. We demonstrate that double knockout mice display macrothrombocytopenia which is due to aberrant megakaryocyte function and a small decrease in platelet lifespan. Platelet function is unaffected by the loss of these proteins. This data indicates a critical role for formins in platelet and megakaryocyte function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malou Zuidscherwoude
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Elizabeth J. Haining
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Victoria A. Simms
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephanie Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Beata Grygielska
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alex T. Hardy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea Bacon
- Genome Editing Facility, Technology Hub, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Steven G. Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diaphanous-related formin mDia2 regulates beta2 integrins to control hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell engraftment. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3172. [PMID: 32576838 PMCID: PMC7311390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow engraftment of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) involves homing to the vasculatures and lodgment to their niches. How HSPCs transmigrate from the vasculature to the niches is unclear. Here, we show that loss of diaphanous-related formin mDia2 leads to impaired engraftment of long-term hematopoietic stem cells and loss of competitive HSPC repopulation. These defects are likely due to the compromised trans-endothelial migration of HSPCs since their homing to the bone marrow vasculatures remained intact. Mechanistically, loss of mDia2 disrupts HSPC polarization and induced cytoplasmic accumulation of MAL, which deregulates the activity of serum response factor (SRF). We further reveal that beta2 integrins are transcriptional targets of SRF. Knockout of beta2 integrins in HSPCs phenocopies mDia2 deficient mice. Overexpression of SRF or beta2 integrins rescues HSPC engraftment defects associated with mDia2 deficiency. Our findings show that mDia2-SRF-beta2 integrin signaling is critical for HSPC lodgment to the niches. Bone marrow engraftment of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) requires homing and lodgement to the niche. Here, the authors show that mDia2 is required for HSPC polarization, nuclear MAL, and SRF-induced beta2 integrin expression during transendothelial migration of HSPCs required for engraftment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu D, Fu X, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang H, Wen J, Kang N. Protein diaphanous homolog 1 (Diaph1) promotes myofibroblastic activation of hepatic stellate cells by regulating Rab5a activity and TGFβ receptor endocytosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:7345-7359. [PMID: 32304339 PMCID: PMC7686927 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903033r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ induces the differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into tumor-promoting myofibroblasts but underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Because endocytosis of TGFβ receptor II (TβRII), in response to TGFβ stimulation, is a prerequisite for TGF signaling, we investigated the role of protein diaphanous homolog 1 (known as Diaph1 or mDia1) for the myofibroblastic activation of HSCs. Using shRNA to knockdown Diaph1 or SMIFH2 to target Diaph1 activity of HSCs, we found that the inactivation of Diaph1 blocked internalization and intracellular trafficking of TβRII and reduced SMAD3 phosphorylation induced by TGFβ1. Mechanistic studies revealed that the N-terminal portion of Diaph1 interacted with both TβRII and Rab5a directly and that Rab5a activity of HSCs was increased by Diaph1 overexpression and decreased by Diaph1 knockdown. Additionally, expression of Rab5aQ79L (active Rab5a mutant) increased whereas the expression of Rab5aS34N (inactive mutant) reduced the endosomal localization of TβRII in HSCs compared to the expression of wild-type Rab5a. Functionally, TGFβ stimulation promoted HSCs to express tumor-promoting factors, and α-smooth muscle actin, fibronection, and CTGF, markers of myofibroblastic activation of HSCs. Targeting Diaph1 or Rab5a suppressed HSC activation and limited tumor growth in a tumor implantation mouse model. Thus, Dipah1 and Rab5a represent targets for inhibiting HSC activation and the hepatic tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donglian Liu
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Xinhui Fu
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Xianghu Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Jialing Wen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Ningling Kang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klein O, Krier-Burris RA, Lazki-Hagenbach P, Gorzalczany Y, Mei Y, Ji P, Bochner BS, Sagi-Eisenberg R. Mammalian diaphanous-related formin 1 (mDia1) coordinates mast cell migration and secretion through its actin-nucleating activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1074-1090. [PMID: 31279009 PMCID: PMC7278082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actin remodeling is a key regulator of mast cell (MC) migration and secretion. However, the precise mechanism underlying the coordination of these processes has remained obscure. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the actin rearrangements that occur during MC secretion or chemotactic migration and identify the underlying mechanism of their coordination. METHODS Using high-resolution microscopy, we analyzed the dynamics of actin rearrangements in MCs triggered to migration by IL-8 or prostaglandin E2 or to FcεRI-stimulated secretion. RESULTS We show that a major feature of the actin skeleton in MCs stimulated to migration is the buildup of pericentral actin clusters that prevent cell flattening and converge the secretory granules (SGs) in the cell center. This migratory phenotype is replaced on encounter of an IgE cross-linking antigen that stimulates secretion through a secretory phenotype characterized by cell flattening, reduction of actin mesh density, ruffling of cortical actin, and mobilization of SGs. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of mammalian diaphanous-related formin 1 (mDia1) inhibits chemotactic migration and its typical actin rearrangements, whereas expression of an active mDia1 mutant recapitulates the migratory actin phenotype and enhances cell migration while inhibiting FcεRI-triggered secretion. However, mice deficient in mDia1 appear to have normal numbers of MCs in various organs at baseline. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a unique role of actin rearrangements in clustering the SGs and inhibiting their secretion during MC migration. We identify mDia1 as a novel regulator of MC response that coordinates MC chemotaxis and secretion through its actin-nucleating activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Klein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rebecca A Krier-Burris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Pia Lazki-Hagenbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaara Gorzalczany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yang Mei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qiu P, Liu Y, Zhang J. Recent Advances in Studies of Molecular Hydrogen against Sepsis. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1261-1275. [PMID: 31223285 PMCID: PMC6567800 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome comprised of a series of life-threatening organ dysfunctions caused by a maladjusted body response to infection with no effective treatment. Molecular hydrogen is a new type of antioxidant with strong free radical scavenging ability, which has been demonstrated to be effective for treating various diseases, such as infection, trauma, poisoning, organ ischemia-reperfusion, metabolic diseases, and tumors. Molecular hydrogen exerts multiple biological effects involving anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-shock, and autophagy regulation, which may attenuate the organ and barrier damage caused by sepsis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive, but are likely related to the signaling pathways involved. This review focuses on the research progress and potential mechanisms of molecular hydrogen against sepsis to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Palmblad J, Höglund P. Ethnic benign neutropenia: A phenomenon finds an explanation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27361. [PMID: 30117263 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ethnic benign neutropenia (ENP) is the most common form of neutropenia (NP) worldwide, if an absolute blood neutrophil count (ANC) of < 1.5 G/L is used as definition. In 2009, ENP was associated with a gene variation in the ACKR1/DARC gene, the same variation that also confers the Duffy-null trait. In 2017, a novel mechanism for ENP was introduced, questioning if ENP is a true neutropenic state, when the body's total neutrophil count (TBNC) is concerned. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of ENP, asking (1) How well does the peripheral blood ANC predict the TBNC? (2) Can we improve methods for assessing TBNC? (3) Will estimates of TBNC predict infection propensity and reduce the need for further, costly workup?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Palmblad
- Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, The Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Höglund
- Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, and Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zuidscherwoude M, Green HLH, Thomas SG. Formin proteins in megakaryocytes and platelets: regulation of actin and microtubule dynamics. Platelets 2018; 30:23-30. [PMID: 29913076 PMCID: PMC6406210 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1481937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The platelet and megakaryocyte cytoskeletons are essential for formation and function of these cells. A dynamic, properly organised tubulin and actin cytoskeleton is critical for the development of the megakaryocyte and the extension of proplatelets. Tubulin in particular plays a pivotal role in the extension of these proplatelets and the release of platelets from them. Tubulin is further required for the maintenance of platelet size, and actin is the driving force for shape change, spreading and platelet contraction during platelet activation. Whilst several key proteins which regulate these cytoskeletons have been described in detail, the formin family of proteins has received less attention. Formins are intriguing as, although they were initially believed to simply be a nucleator of actin polymerisation, increasing evidence shows they are important regulators of the crosstalk between the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. In this review, we will introduce the formin proteins and consider the recent evidence that they play an important role in platelets and megakaryocytes in mediating both the actin and tubulin cytoskeletons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malou Zuidscherwoude
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,b Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , Midlands , UK
| | - Hannah L H Green
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Steven G Thomas
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,b Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE) , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , Midlands , UK
| |
Collapse
|