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Pagliuca S, Schmid C, Santoro N, Simonetta F, Battipaglia G, Guillaume T, Greco R, Onida F, Sánchez-Ortega I, Yakoub-Agha I, Kuball J, Hazenberg MD, Ruggeri A. Donor lymphocyte infusion after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation for haematological malignancies: basic considerations and best practice recommendations from the EBMT. Lancet Haematol 2024; 11:e448-e458. [PMID: 38796194 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(24)00098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Since the early description of three patients with relapsed leukaemia after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) who obtained complete remission after donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs), the added value of this procedure to induce or maintain graft-versus-leukaemia immunity has been undisputed. For more than 30 years, DLIs have become common practice as prophylactic, pre-emptive, or therapeutic immunotherapy. However, as with many aspects of allogeneic HCT, centres have developed their own routines and practices, and many questions related to the optimal applications and toxicity, or to the immunobiology of DLI induced tumour-immunity, remain. As a part of the Practice Harmonization and Guidelines Committee and the Cellular Therapy and Immunobiology Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation effort, a panel of experts with clinical and translational knowledge in transplantation immunology and cellular therapy met during a 2-day workshop in September, 2023, in Lille, France, and developed a set of consensus-based recommendations for the application of unmanipulated DLI after allogeneic HCT for haematological malignancies. Given the absence of prospective data in the majority of publications, these recommendations are mostly based on retrospective studies and expert consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pagliuca
- Department of Hematology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France; UMR 7365, IMoPA, Lorraine University, CNRS, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Augsburg University Hospital and Medical Faculty Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Santoro
- Haematology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Santo Spirito Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Haematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Battipaglia
- Haematology Department and Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Thierry Guillaume
- Division of Haematology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France; INSERM U1232 CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Raffaella Greco
- Haematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Onida
- Haematology and BMT Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Jurgen Kuball
- Department of Haematology and Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annalisa Ruggeri
- Haematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Shurin MR, Wheeler SE. Clinical Significance of Uncommon, Non-Clinical, and Novel Autoantibodies. Immunotargets Ther 2024; 13:215-234. [PMID: 38686351 PMCID: PMC11057673 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s450184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are a common mark of autoimmune reaction and their identification in the patients' serum, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissues is generally believed to represent diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of autoimmune diseases or autoinflammatory conditions. Traditionally, autoantibody testing is an important part of the clinical examination of suspected patients, and in the absence of reliable T cell tests, characterization of autoantibody responses might be suitable in finding causes of specific autoimmune responses, their strength, and sometimes commencement of autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies are also useful for prognostic stratification in clinically diverse groups of patients if checked repeatedly. Antibody discoveries are continuing, with important consequences for verifying autoimmune mechanisms, diagnostic feasibility, and clinical management. Adding newly identified autoantibody-autoantigen pairs to common clinical laboratory panels should help upgrade and harmonize the identification of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders and other autoimmune conditions. Herein, we aim to summarize our current knowledge of uncommon and novel autoantibodies in the context of discussing their validation, diagnostic practicability, and clinical relevance. The regular updates within the field are important and well justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Shurin
- Division of Clinical Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Wheeler
- Division of Clinical Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Drexhage LZ, Zhang S, Dupont M, Ragaller F, Sjule E, Cabezas-Caballero J, Deimel LP, Robertson H, Russell RA, Dushek O, Sezgin E, Karaji N, Sattentau QJ. Apoptosis-mediated ADAM10 activation removes a mucin barrier promoting T cell efferocytosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:541. [PMID: 38225245 PMCID: PMC10789802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Efferocytic clearance of apoptotic cells in general, and T cells in particular, is required for tissue and immune homeostasis. Transmembrane mucins are extended glycoproteins highly expressed in the cell glycocalyx that function as a barrier to phagocytosis. Whether and how mucins may be regulated during cell death to facilitate efferocytic corpse clearance is not well understood. Here we show that normal and transformed human T cells express a subset of mucins which are rapidly and selectively removed from the cell surface during apoptosis. This process is mediated by the ADAM10 sheddase, the activity of which is associated with XKR8-catalyzed flipping of phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Mucin clearance enhances uptake of apoptotic T cells by macrophages, confirming mucins as an enzymatically-modulatable barrier to efferocytosis. Together these findings demonstrate a glycocalyx regulatory pathway with implications for therapeutic intervention in the clearance of normal and transformed apoptotic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Z Drexhage
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
| | - Shengpan Zhang
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
| | - Maeva Dupont
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
- Immunocore Ltd., 92 Park Dr, Milton, Abingdon, OX14 4RY, UK
| | - Franziska Ragaller
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ellen Sjule
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Lachlan P Deimel
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
| | - Helen Robertson
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
| | - Rebecca A Russell
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
- SpyBiotech Ltd.; 7600 Quorum, Oxford Business Park North, Oxford, OX4 2JZ, UK
| | - Omer Dushek
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Niloofar Karaji
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK.
- Oxford Biomedica plc.; Windrush Court, Transport Way, Oxford, OX4 6LT, UK.
| | - Quentin J Sattentau
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK.
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin-Buch, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Quiros-Roldan E, Sottini A, Signorini SG, Serana F, Tiecco G, Imberti L. Autoantibodies to Interferons in Infectious Diseases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051215. [PMID: 37243300 DOI: 10.3390/v15051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cytokine autoantibodies and, in particular, anti-type I interferons are increasingly described in association with immunodeficient, autoimmune, and immune-dysregulated conditions. Their presence in otherwise healthy individuals may result in a phenotype characterized by a predisposition to infections with several agents. For instance, anti-type I interferon autoantibodies are implicated in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and found preferentially in patients with critical disease. However, autoantibodies were also described in the serum of patients with viral, bacterial, and fungal infections not associated with COVID-19. In this review, we provide an overview of anti-cytokine autoantibodies identified to date and their clinical associations; we also discuss whether they can act as enemies or friends, i.e., are capable of acting in a beneficial or harmful way, and if they may be linked to gender or immunosenescence. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the production of autoantibodies could improve the approach to treating some infections, focusing not only on pathogens, but also on the possibility of a low degree of autoimmunity in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia and University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Federico Serana
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tiecco
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia and University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, P. le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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5
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Ning X, Wei X, Chen B, Li Z, Zheng Z, Yi Z, Wei Q, Guo X, Kang Q, Feng R, Wei Y. CD43 is an adverse prognostic factor in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:2573-2578. [PMID: 35819872 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2092854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the expression pattern and prognostic value of CD43 expression in multiple myeloma (MM) remain unknown. 109 newly diagnosed MM patients were recruited and CD43 expression was determined by multiparameter flow cytometry, of which 77 (70.6%) were CD43 positive. Patients with positive CD43 expression were more likely to present with, hemoglobin < 85 g/L (p = 0.008), International Staging System (ISS) stage III (p = 0.044), 13q14 deletion (p = 0.034) and more monoclonal plasma cells (p = 0.003). Patients with CD43 positive had significantly poor treatment response (p = 0.021), progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.012), and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.023) than those without CD43. The poorer prognosis of CD43-positive patients was retained in multivariate analysis (p = 0.005 for PFS; p = 0.013 for OS). Our study indicated that CD43 was an independent adverse prognostic factor in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Ning
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Wei
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingyuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxin Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengshan Yi
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xutao Guo
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoxi Kang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru Feng
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Wei
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Wang EY, Dai Y, Rosen CE, Schmitt MM, Dong MX, Ferré EM, Liu F, Yang Y, González-Hernández JA, Meffre E, Hinchcliff M, Koumpouras F, Lionakis MS, Ring AM. High-throughput identification of autoantibodies that target the human exoproteome. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100172. [PMID: 35360706 PMCID: PMC8967185 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies that recognize extracellular proteins (the exoproteome) exert potent biological effects but are challenging to detect. Here, we developed rapid extracellular antigen profiling (REAP), a high-throughput technique for the comprehensive discovery of exoproteome-targeting autoantibodies. Patient samples are applied to a genetically barcoded yeast surface display library containing 2,688 human extracellular proteins. Antibody-coated yeast are isolated, and sequencing of barcodes is used to identify displayed antigens. To benchmark REAP's performance, we screened 77 patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1). REAP sensitively and specifically detected both known and previously unidentified autoantibodies in APS-1. We further screened 106 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and identified numerous autoantibodies, several of which were associated with disease severity or specific clinical manifestations and exerted functional effects on cell signaling ex vivo. These findings demonstrate the utility of REAP to atlas the expansive landscape of exoproteome-targeting autoantibodies and their impacts on patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y. Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yile Dai
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Connor E. Rosen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Monica M. Schmitt
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mei X. Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Elise M.N. Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Feimei Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Monique Hinchcliff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Fotios Koumpouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aaron M. Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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7
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Gurney M, O’Dwyer M. Realizing Innate Potential: CAR-NK Cell Therapies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1568. [PMID: 33805422 PMCID: PMC8036691 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation cellular immunotherapies seek to improve the safety and efficacy of approved CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell products or apply their principles across a growing list of targets and diseases. Supported by promising early clinical experiences, CAR modified natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapies represent a complementary and potentially off-the-shelf, allogeneic solution. While acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents an intuitive disease in which to investigate CAR based immunotherapies, key biological differences to B-cell malignancies have complicated progress to date. As CAR-T cell trials treating AML are growing in number, several CAR-NK cell approaches are also in development. In this review we explore why CAR-NK cell therapies may be particularly suited to the treatment of AML. First, we examine the established role NK cells play in AML biology and the existing anti-leukemic activity of NK cell adoptive transfer. Next, we appraise potential AML target antigens and consider common and unique challenges posed relative to treating B-cell malignancies. We summarize the current landscape of CAR-NK development in AML, and potential targets to augment CAR-NK cell therapies pharmacologically and through genetic engineering. Finally, we consider the broader landscape of competing immunotherapeutic approaches to AML treatment. In doing so we evaluate the innate potential, status and remaining barriers for CAR-NK based AML immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gurney
- Apoptosis Research Center, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Michael O’Dwyer
- Apoptosis Research Center, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- ONK Therapeutics Ltd., H91 V6KV Galway, Ireland
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8
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Caracciolo D, Riillo C, Ballerini A, Gaipa G, Lhermitte L, Rossi M, Botta C, Duroyon E, Grillone K, Gallo Cantafio ME, Buracchi C, Alampi G, Gulino A, Belmonte B, Conforti F, Golino G, Juli G, Altomare E, Polerà N, Scionti F, Arbitrio M, Iannone M, Martino M, Correale P, Talarico G, Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Ferrari A, Concolino D, Sestito S, Pensabene L, Giordano A, Hildinger M, Di Martino MT, Martinelli G, Tripodo C, Asnafi V, Biondi A, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Therapeutic afucosylated monoclonal antibody and bispecific T-cell engagers for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002026. [PMID: 33597219 PMCID: PMC7893666 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive disease with a poor cure rate for relapsed/resistant patients. Due to the lack of T-cell restricted targetable antigens, effective immune-therapeutics are not presently available and the treatment of chemo-refractory T-ALL is still an unmet clinical need. To develop novel immune-therapy for T-ALL, we generated an afucosylated monoclonal antibody (mAb) (ahuUMG1) and two different bispecific T-cell engagers (BTCEs) against UMG1, a unique CD43-epitope highly and selectively expressed by T-ALL cells from pediatric and adult patients. METHODS UMG1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on a wide panel of normal tissue microarrays (TMAs), and by flow cytometry on healthy peripheral blood/bone marrow-derived cells, on 10 different T-ALL cell lines, and on 110 T-ALL primary patient-derived cells. CD43-UMG1 binding site was defined through a peptide microarray scanning. ahuUMG1 was generated by Genetic Glyco-Engineering technology from a novel humanized mAb directed against UMG1 (huUMG1). BTCEs were generated as IgG1-(scFv)2 constructs with bivalent (2+2) or monovalent (2+1) CD3ε arms. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and redirected T-cell cytotoxicity assays were analysed by flow cytometry. In vivo antitumor activity of ahUMG1 and UMG1-BTCEs was investigated in NSG mice against subcutaneous and orthotopic xenografts of human T-ALL. RESULTS Among 110 T-ALL patient-derived samples, 53 (48.1%) stained positive (24% of TI/TII, 82% of TIII and 42.8% of TIV). Importantly, no expression of UMG1-epitope was found in normal tissues/cells, excluding cortical thymocytes and a minority (<5%) of peripheral blood T lymphocytes. ahUMG1 induced strong ADCC and ADCP on T-ALL cells in vitro, which translated in antitumor activity in vivo and significantly extended survival of treated mice. Both UMG1-BTCEs demonstrated highly effective killing activity against T-ALL cells in vitro. We demonstrated that this effect was specifically exerted by engaged activated T cells. Moreover, UMG1-BTCEs effectively antagonized tumor growth at concentrations >2 log lower as compared with ahuUMG1, with significant mice survival advantage in different T-ALL models in vivo. CONCLUSION Altogether our findings, including the safe UMG1-epitope expression profile, provide a framework for the clinical development of these innovative immune-therapeutics for this still orphan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Riillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Ludovic Lhermitte
- Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de Recherche Médicale U1151, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Hematology Unit, Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Eugénie Duroyon
- Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de Recherche Médicale U1151, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Buracchi
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Greta Alampi
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Gaetanina Golino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giada Juli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Altomare
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Polerà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Martino
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Clinical Section, Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Correale
- Medical Oncology Unit, "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli" Grand Metropolitan Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Gabriella Talarico
- Immunotransfusion Service Unit, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Anna Ferrari
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Daniela Concolino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de Recherche Médicale U1151, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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de Jong G, Bartels L, Kedde M, Verdegaal EME, Gillissen MA, Levie SE, Cercel MG, van Hal-van Veen SE, Fatmawati C, van de Berg D, Yasuda E, Claassen YB, Bakker AQ, van der Burg SH, Schotte R, Villaudy J, Spits H, Hazenberg MD, van Helden PM, Wagner K. Melanoma cells can be eliminated by sialylated CD43 × CD3 bispecific T cell engager formats in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:1569-1581. [PMID: 33225419 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy with monoclonal antibodies has proven successful for different cancer types but is limited by the availability of suitable antibody targets. CD43s, a unique sialylated form of CD43 expressed by hematologic malignancies, is a recently identified target and antibodies interacting with CD43s may have therapeutic potential against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome. CD43s is recognized by the human antibody AT1413, that was derived from a high-risk AML patient who successfully cleared leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Here we observed that AT1413 binds also to certain non-hematopoietic tumor cells, particularly melanoma and breast cancer. AT1413 immune precipitated CD43s from melanoma cells confirming that it recognizes the same target on melanoma as on AML. AT1413 induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against short-term cultured patient-derived melanoma samples. However, AT1413 was unable to affect the growth of melanoma cells in vivo. To increase the efficacy of AT1413 as a therapeutic antibody, we generated two different formats of bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies (TCEs): one binding bivalently (bTCE) and the other monovalently (knob-in-hole; KiH) to both CD43s and CD3ε. In vitro, these TCEs redirected T-cell cytotoxicity against melanoma cells with differences in potencies. To investigate their effects in vivo, we grafted mice that harbor a human immune system with the melanoma cell line A375. Treatment with both AT1413 bTCE and AT1413 KiH significantly reduced tumor outgrowth in these mice. These data indicate a broad therapeutic potential of AT1413 that includes AML and CD43s-expressing solid tumors that originate from CD43-negative tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de Jong
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Bartels
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kedde
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M E Verdegaal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M A Gillissen
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S E Levie
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G Cercel
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - C Fatmawati
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D van de Berg
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Yasuda
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y B Claassen
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Q Bakker
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Schotte
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Villaudy
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Spits
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P M van Helden
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - K Wagner
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Tumour-reactive B cells and antibody responses after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2020; 7:15-22. [PMID: 35754458 PMCID: PMC9216635 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
For many high-risk haematologic malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukaemia, the success of therapy relies mainly on invoking a curative antitumour immune response. This can be achieved by inducing a graft-versus-leukaemia response following allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. While the contribution of T cells and natural killer cells to graft-versus-leukaemia responses is established, the contribution of B cells and antibodies is relatively unexplored. This article reviews what is known about the contribution of B cells and tumour-specific antibody responses to a successful graft-versus-leukaemia response leading to eradication of the tumour.
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11
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Epperly R, Gottschalk S, Velasquez MP. Harnessing T Cells to Target Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: CARs, BiTEs, and Beyond. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E14. [PMID: 32079207 PMCID: PMC7072334 DOI: 10.3390/children7020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes for pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain poor, highlighting the need for improved targeted therapies. Building on the success of CD19-directed immune therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), efforts are ongoing to develop similar strategies for AML. Identifying target antigens for AML is challenging because of the high expression overlap in hematopoietic cells and normal tissues. Despite this, CD123 and CD33 antigen targeted therapies, among others, have emerged as promising candidates. In this review we focus on AML-specific T cell engaging bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. We review antigens being explored for T cell-based immunotherapy in AML, describe the landscape of clinical trials upcoming for bispecific antibodies and CAR T cells, and highlight strategies to overcome additional challenges facing translation of T cell-based immunotherapy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Epperly
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 77030, USA;
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 77030, USA;
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 77030, USA;
| | - Mireya Paulina Velasquez
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 77030, USA;
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12
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Genome-scale CRISPR activation screen uncovers tumor-intrinsic modulators of CD3 bispecific antibody efficacy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20068. [PMID: 31882897 PMCID: PMC6934601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAb) that bridge tumor cells and CD3-positive effector T cells are being developed against many tumor cell targets. While tumor cell factors other than target expression level appear to play a role in determining the efficacy of CD3 bsAb, the identity of such factors remains largely unknown. Using a co-culture system of primary human T cells and B lymphoma cell lines, we demonstrate a range of sensitivities to CD20xCD3 bsAb that is independent of CD20 surface expression. To identify genes that modulate tumor cell sensitivity to CD3 bsAb, we employed a genome-scale CRISPR activation screen in a CD20xCD3-sensitive human B lymphoma cell line. Among the most highly enriched sgRNAs were those targeting genes with predicted effects on cell-cell adhesion, including sialophorin (SPN). Increased expression of SPN impeded tumor cell clustering with T cells, thereby limiting CD3 bsAb-mediated tumor cell lysis. This inhibitory effect of SPN appeared to be dependent on sialylated core 2 O-glycosylation of the protein. While SPN is not endogenously expressed in the majority of B cell lymphomas, it is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia. CRISPR-mediated SPN knockout in AML cell lines facilitated T cell-tumor cell clustering and enhanced CD3 bsAb-mediated AML cell lysis. In sum, our data establish that the cell cross-linking mechanism of CD3 bsAb is susceptible to subversion by anti-adhesive molecules expressed on the tumor cell surface. Further evaluation of anti-adhesive pathways may provide novel biomarkers of clinical response and enable the development of effective combination regimens for this promising therapeutic class.
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13
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Knorr DA, Goldberg AD, Stein EM, Tallman MS. Immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: from allogeneic stem cell transplant to novel therapeutics. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:3350-3362. [PMID: 31335250 PMCID: PMC6928392 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1639167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy in the form of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) plays an instrumental role in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with non-transplant modalities of immunotherapy including checkpoint blockade now being actively explored. Here, we provide an overview of the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect in AML as a window into understanding the prospects of AML immunotherapy. We explore the roles of various cell types in orchestrating anti-leukemic immunity, as well as those contributing to the unique immune suppressive state of myeloid diseases. We discuss specific approaches to engage the immune system, while noting the challenges of the AML antigen landscape and the barriers to immune modulation. We review the potential for immunomodulatory agents in combination with cellular therapies, donor lymphocyte infusion, and following SCT. Finally, to address the challenge of minimal residual disease (MRD) following chemotherapy, we propose combination epigenetic and immunotherapy for the eradication of MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Knorr
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron D. Goldberg
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eytan M. Stein
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin S. Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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14
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de Jong G, Janssen JJWM, Biemond BJ, Zeerleder SS, Ossenkoppele GJ, Visser O, Nur E, Meijer E, Hazenberg MD. Survival of early posthematopoietic stem cell transplantation relapse of myeloid malignancies. Eur J Haematol 2019; 103:491-499. [PMID: 31411761 PMCID: PMC6851577 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective Relapse of AML after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has a poor prognosis, and standard of care therapy is lacking. Early (<6 months) relapse is associated with dismal outcome, while the majority of relapses occur early after transplantation. A more precise indication which patients could benefit from reinduction therapy is warranted. Methods We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of 83 patients with postallogeneic HSCT relapse. Patients were divided based on intention to treat (curative vs supportive care). Results Of the 50 patients treated with curative intent, 44% reached complete remission (CR) upon reinduction chemotherapy, and of these patients, 50% survived. Two survivors reached CR after immunotherapy (donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), without reinduction chemotherapy). Sixty‐nine percent of the survivors had received high‐intensity cytarabine treatment, followed by immunologic consolidation. Relapse <3 months after transplantation was predictive for adverse survival (P = .004), but relapse <6 months was not. In fact, >50% of the survivors had a relapse <6 months. Conclusion We confirmed the dismal prognosis of postallogeneic HSCT relapse. Importantly, our data demonstrate that patients fit enough to receive high‐dose chemotherapy, even when relapse occurred <6 months, had the best chance to obtain durable remissions, in particular when immunologic consolidation was performed after reaching CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta de Jong
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J W M Janssen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J Biemond
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha S Zeerleder
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Otto Visser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Center, Isala Klinieken Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Erfan Nur
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Meijer
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Bartels L, de Jong G, Gillissen MA, Yasuda E, Kattler V, Bru C, Fatmawati C, van Hal-van Veen SE, Cercel MG, Moiset G, Bakker AQ, van Helden PM, Villaudy J, Hazenberg MD, Spits H, Wagner K. A Chemo-enzymatically Linked Bispecific Antibody Retargets T Cells to a Sialylated Epitope on CD43 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3372-3382. [PMID: 31064847 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a high-risk disease with a poor prognosis, particularly in elderly patients. Because current AML treatment relies primarily on untargeted therapies with severe side effects that limit patient eligibility, identification of novel therapeutic AML targets is highly desired. We recently described AT1413, an antibody produced by donor B cells of a patient with AML cured after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. AT1413 binds CD43s, a unique sialylated epitope on CD43, which is weakly expressed on normal myeloid cells and overexpressed on AML cells. Because of its selectivity for AML cells, we considered CD43s as a target for a bispecific T-cell-engaging antibody (bTCE) and generated a bTCE by coupling AT1413 to two T-cell-targeting fragments using chemo-enzymatic linkage. In vitro, AT1413 bTCE efficiently induced T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward different AML cell lines and patient-derived AML blasts, whereas endothelial cells with low binding capacity for AT1413 remained unaffected. In the presence of AML cells, AT1413 bTCE induced upregulation of T-cell activation markers, cytokine release, and T-cell proliferation. AT1413 bTCE was also effective in vivo. Mice either coinjected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells [human immune system (HIS) mice] were inoculated with an AML cell line or patient-derived primary AML blasts. AT1413 bTCE treatment strongly inhibited tumor growth and, in HIS mice, had minimal effects on normal human hematopoietic cells. Taken together, our results indicate that CD43s is a promising target for T-cell-engaging antibodies and that AT1413 holds therapeutic potential in a bTCE-format. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings offer preclinical evidence for the therapeutic potential of a bTCE antibody that targets a sialylated epitope on CD43 in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Bartels
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Greta de Jong
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijn A Gillissen
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Camille Bru
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Gemma Moiset
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Wagner
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Bartels L, Ploegh HL, Spits H, Wagner K. Preparation of bispecific antibody-protein adducts by site-specific chemo-enzymatic conjugation. Methods 2018; 154:93-101. [PMID: 30081077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, bispecific antibodies have been constructed through the genetic fusion of additional binding domains to the constant domains of the antibody heavy- or light chains. We present an alternative method for the introduction of additional functional domains to an antibody: site-specific chemo-enzymatic conjugation. This method relies on the combination of site-specific transpeptidases and bioorthogonal chemistry. Transpeptidases are used to site-specifically introduce chemical handles, which can then be used to couple new functional groups by means of a bioorthogonal chemical reaction. We demonstrate site-specific chemo-enzymatic linkage using the transpeptidase sortase (hereafter: sortase) and either a strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) or an inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder reaction. Other transpeptidases and bioorthogonal reactions suitable for this purpose exist. Site-specific chemo-enzymatic linkage is a modular method. After introduction of a chemical handle in the antibody, any functional group of interest may then be attached. The modularity of this conjugation method allows for a 'plug-and-play' approach to prepare new antibody conjugates, thus bypassing the need for (potentially) laborious genetic fusions. Moreover, as sortase is used to specifically modify the exact C-termini of the antibody chains, the final product will be fused in a C-to-C orientation, which is impossible to achieve by genetic manipulations alone. Here we demonstrate the utility of site-specific chemo-enzymatic conjugation to prepare antibody heterodimers, bispecific T-cell engager antibodies, and immunocytokines, discussing purification methods and describing possible pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Bartels
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hergen Spits
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Ma XB, Zhong YP, Zheng Y, Jiang J, Wang YP. Coexpression of CD5 and CD43 predicts worse prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4284-4295. [PMID: 30019388 PMCID: PMC6144247 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both CD5 and CD43 are expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes of definite phase and associated with the adverse outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the relationship between CD5 and CD43 expression and the prognostic value of CD5/CD43 coexpression in DLBCL are unknown. We herein determined the correlation between CD5 and CD43 expression, as separate factors or in combination, with the clinicopathological features and survival of 200 patients with DLBCL receiving standard chemotherapy with or without rituximab. Among these DLBCL patients, CD5 expression, CD43 expression, and CD5/CD43 coexpression were detected in 18 (9%), 57 (27%), and 10 (5%) patients, respectively, and all were positively correlated with advanced age and nongerminal cell type. CD5-positive and CD43-positive DLBCL patients had poorer event-free survival (EFS, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS, P < 0.001) than CD5-negative and CD43-negative patients, respectively. CD5/CD43 coexpression was correlated with a significantly worse prognosis than CD5 or CD43 expression alone. Univariate analysis showed that CD5 expression, CD43 expression, and CD5/CD43 coexpression were all adverse prognostic factors for DLBCL patient survival, and CD5/CD43 coexpression was associated with a greater relative risk for recurrence and death than either CD5 or CD43 expression alone. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CD5/CD43 coexpression was an independent prognostic factor for EFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001) in DLBCL. In conclusion, our data indicate that DLBCL patients with CD5/CD43 coexpression represent a specific subgroup with a significantly worse prognosis than those expressing either marker alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhong
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yin-Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Schürch CM. Therapeutic Antibodies for Myeloid Neoplasms-Current Developments and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2018; 8:152. [PMID: 29868474 PMCID: PMC5968093 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as antibody-drug conjugates, ligand-receptor antagonists, immune checkpoint inhibitors and bispecific T cell engagers have shown impressive efficacy in the treatment of multiple human cancers. Numerous therapeutic mAbs that have been developed for myeloid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), are currently investigated in clinical trials. Because AML and MDS originate from malignantly transformed hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells-the so-called leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that are highly resistant to most standard drugs-these malignancies frequently relapse and have a high disease-specific mortality. Therefore, combining standard chemotherapy with antileukemic mAbs that specifically target malignant blasts and particularly LSCs or utilizing mAbs that reinforce antileukemic host immunity holds great promise for improving patient outcomes. This review provides an overview of therapeutic mAbs for AML and MDS. Antibody targets, the molecular mechanisms of action, the efficacy in preclinical leukemia models, and the results of clinical trials are discussed. New developments and future studies of therapeutic mAbs in myeloid neoplasms will advance our understanding of the immunobiology of these diseases and enhance current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Schürch
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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19
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AML-specific cytotoxic antibodies in patients with durable graft-versus-leukemia responses. Blood 2017; 131:131-143. [PMID: 29061569 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-768762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can only be cured when allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation induces a graft-versus-leukemia immune response (GVL). Although the role of T cells and natural killer cells in tumor immunology has been established, less is known about the contribution of B cells. From B cells of high-risk patients with AML with potent and lasting GVL responses, we isolated monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens expressed on the cell surface of AML cells but not on normal hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. A number of these donor-derived antibodies recognized the U5 snRNP200 complex, a component of the spliceosome that in normal cells is found in the cell. In AML however, the U5 snRNP200 complex is exposed on the cell membrane of leukemic blasts. U5 snRNP200 complex-specific antibodies induced death of AML cells in an Fc receptor-dependent way in the absence of cytotoxic leukocytes or complement. In an AML mouse model, treatment with U5 snRNP200 complex-specific antibodies led to significant tumor growth inhibition. Thus, donor-derived U5 snRNP200 complex-recognizing AML-specific antibodies may contribute to antitumor responses.
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