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Ngema M, Xulu ND, Ngubane PS, Khathi A. Pregestational Prediabetes Induces Maternal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Dysregulation and Results in Adverse Foetal Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5431. [PMID: 38791468 PMCID: PMC11122116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to result in foetal programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to adverse foetal outcomes. T2DM is preceded by prediabetes and shares similar pathophysiological complications. However, no studies have investigated the effects of maternal prediabetes on foetal HPA axis function and postnatal offspring development. Hence, this study investigated the effects of pregestational prediabetes on maternal HPA axis function and postnatal offspring development. Pre-diabetic (PD) and non-pre-diabetic (NPD) female Sprague Dawley rats were mated with non-prediabetic males. After gestation, male pups born from the PD and NPD groups were collected. Markers of HPA axis function, adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone, were measured in all dams and pups. Glucose tolerance, insulin and gene expressions of mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors were further measured in all pups at birth and their developmental milestones. The results demonstrated increased basal concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone in the dams from the PD group by comparison to NPD. Furthermore, the results show an increase basal ACTH and corticosterone concentrations, disturbed MR and GR gene expression, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance assessed via the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) indices in the pups born from the PD group compared to NPD group at all developmental milestones. These observations reveal that pregestational prediabetes is associated with maternal dysregulation of the HPA axis, impacting offspring HPA axis development along with impaired glucose handling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4041, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; (M.N.); (N.D.X.); (P.S.N.)
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Vilcins D, Cortes-Ramirez J, Currie D, Preston P. Early environmental exposures and life-long risk of chronic non-respiratory disease. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 40:33-38. [PMID: 34140237 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental hazards occurs from the earliest stages of development. There are a broad range of environmental hazards, and virtually all children are exposed to these hazards during the critical period of growth and development. The burden of many chronic diseases continues to rise, and life course studies have shown that early exposure to environmental hazards is associated with non-communicable disease in later years. This review will discuss the environmental exposures associated with four non-respiratory chronic diseases: obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and neurodevelopmental /neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwan Vilcins
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Javier Cortes-Ramirez
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Paige Preston
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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3
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Impact of prenatal and early life environmental exposures on normal human development. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 40:10-14. [PMID: 34148806 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The global burden and pattern of disease has changed in recent decades, with fewer early childhood deaths and longer lives complicated by chronic disease. Disruption of normal human growth and development by adverse environmental exposures, especially during foetal development and early postnatal life increase life-long risk of chronic disease. The developmental timing and method of adverse exposure determines the likely impact on health and development. While many organ systems are structurally and functionally mature at birth, the CNS, respiratory and immune systems are not and undergo prolonged periods of postnatal growth and development. As such, these organ systems are vulnerable to adverse effects of both prenatal and postnatal environmental exposures. While the precise mechanisms underlying chronic disease are unknown, epigenetic mechanisms and the induction of oxidative stress are likely to be involved. An understanding of these processes is necessary to develop mitigation strategies aimed at reducing chronic disease prevalence.
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Agusti A, Fabbri LM, Baraldi E, Celli B, Corradi M, Faner R, Martinez FD, Melén E, Papi A. Spirometry: A practical lifespan predictor of global health and chronic respiratory and non-respiratory diseases. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 89:3-9. [PMID: 34016514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1. To review and discuss available evidence supporting that spirometry is an overlooked global health marker, that could be used regularly through the lifespan to monitor human health and predict risk of chronic respiratory and other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). 2. To discuss the challenges and opportunities that this proposal faces.Summary of key data. First, spirometry is essential to assess and monitor respiratory health. Second, spirometry adds prognostic value to other well-accepted health markers used in clinical practice, such as blood pressure, body mass index, glucose and blood lipids, by identifying individuals at risk, not only of respiratory diseases, but also of other NCDs, particularly cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION Although we acknowledge that research gaps still exist, we propose that spirometry assessed during childhood, adolescence and early and late adulthood can be a reproducible, non-invasive, safe and affordable global health marker to identify individuals in the general population at risk of respiratory and non-respiratory NCDs. In this context, spirometry may act as the caged canaries that miners used to carry into mines to alert them of dangerous accumulations of gases, thus providing an early warning and save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvar Agusti
- Cátedra Salud Respiratoria, University of Barcelona, Spain; Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, C/Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Leonardo M Fabbri
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Translational Medicine & Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Institute of Pediatric Research, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rosa Faner
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara; Emergency Department, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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Chen Y, Zhan X, Wang D. Association between Helicobacter pylori and risk of childhood asthma: a meta-analysis of 18 observational studies. J Asthma 2021; 59:890-900. [PMID: 33630702 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1892752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and childhood asthma is unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the association between H. pylori and childhood asthma.Methods: A literature search, study selection, and data extraction were performed independently and in duplicate. Data were analyzed using STATA software.Results: Eighteen studies enrolling 17,196 children were analyzed. All studies were of moderate-to-high quality. Four studies subcategorized H. pylori infection according to CagA status. Overall, there was a significant negative association between H. pylori and risk for childhood asthma (OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.87; P = 0.002), with no/marginal publication bias identified by the Egger's test and the Begg's test (P = 0.162 and P = 0.198, respectively). The observed inverse association persisted for CagA(+) strains of H. pylori (OR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96; P = 0.034) but not for CagA(-) strains (OR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.12-2.28; P = 0.387). There was no significant difference between studies with respect to study design, participant age, geographical region, and method of measuring H. pylori.Conclusion: The evidence suggests that H. pylori infection, particularly CagA(+) H. pylori infection, is inversely associated with the risk of childhood asthma. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at publisher's website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chakari-Khiavi A, Hasannejad-Bibalan M, Shahriari F, Chakari-Khiavi F, Mojtahedi A, Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie H. Risk of Helicobacter pylori infection and childhood asthma in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brantley KD, Hartman TJ, Patel AV, Gapstur SM, Flanders WD, McCullough ML. Test-Retest Reproducibility of Adult-Reported High School Diet Varies among Racially and Ethnically Diverse US Men and Women. J Nutr 2018; 148:599-606. [PMID: 29659953 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent diet is thought to play an important role in future chronic disease risk. However, few studies have examined the reproducibility of adult-reported adolescent diet, and evidence for possible differences in reproducibility by demographic characteristics is limited. Objective We assessed the ability of adults to consistently report past high school diet over a 1-y period and examined differences in reproducibility by selected demographic characteristics. Methods By using age-adjusted partial Spearman (ρ) or Pearson (r) correlations, we assessed 1-y reproducibility for 33 line items, 20 food groups, and 2 dietary patterns of high school diet reported in adulthood via a questionnaire completed by 742 participants in the Cancer Prevention Study 3 (CPS-3) Diet Substudy. Results Participants' median age was 53 y (range: 31-70 y), 65.2% were women, 59.8% were non-Hispanic white, 24.8% were non-Hispanic black, and 15.4% were Hispanic. The mean Spearman correlation assessing reproducibility across the 33 line items was 0.60 and ranged from 0.44 to 0.72, with no differences in mean correlations by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, or body mass index (BMI). Reproducibility was similar across food groups (ρ = 0.62; range: 0.44-0.68), with differences by sex, ethnicity, age, or BMI observed for some food groups (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages). Pearson correlations for the reproducibility of 2 major eating patterns, "fast food" and "whole food," were 0.73 and 0.72, respectively. Conclusion These results show good 1-y reproducibility of assessed high school diet, as reported from memory in adulthood, by line item, food group, and dietary pattern, with noted differences by demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Brantley
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Terryl J Hartman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - W D Flanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Health Consequences of Environmental Exposures in Early Life: Coping with a Changing World in the Post-MDG Era. Ann Glob Health 2018; 82:20-7. [PMID: 27325065 DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite overall progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals, large health discrepancies persist between developed and developing countries. The world is rapidly changing and the influences of societal change and climate change will disproportionately affect the world's most vulnerable populations, thus exacerbating current inequities. Current development strategies do not adequately address these disproportionate impacts of environmental exposures. The aim of this study was to propose a new framework to address the health consequences of environmental exposures beyond 2015. This framework is transdisciplinary and precautionary. It is based on identifying social and economic determinants of health, strengthening primary health systems, and improving the health of vulnerable populations. It incorporates deliberate plans for assessment and control of avoidable environmental exposures. It sets specific, measurable targets for health and environmental improvement.
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Sly PD, Carpenter DO, Van den Berg M, Stein RT, Landrigan PJ, Brune-Drisse MN, Suk W. Health Consequences of Environmental Exposures: Causal Thinking in Global Environmental Epidemiology. Ann Glob Health 2018; 82:3-9. [PMID: 27325063 DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2010 Global Burden of Disease estimates indicate a trend toward increasing years lived with disability from chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Risk factors examined included smoking, diet, alcohol, drug abuse, and physical inactivity. By contrast, little consideration was given to accumulating evidence that exposures to environmental chemicals, psychosocial stress, and malnutrition during fetal development and across the life span also increase risk of NCDs. To address this gap, we undertook a narrative review of early-life environmental contributions to disease. We documented numerous etiologic associations. We propose that future GBD estimates use an expanded approach for assessing etiologic contributions of environmental exposures to recognized disease risk factors. We argue that broadening the definition of environmental disease, together with improved methods of assessing early life exposures and their health outcomes across the life span, will allow better understanding of causal associations and provide the incentives required to support strategies to control avoidable exposures and reduce disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Martin Van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renato T Stein
- Centro Infant, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Marie-Noel Brune-Drisse
- The Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - William Suk
- Hazardous Substances Research Branch; Superfund Research Program, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
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10
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Agustí A. Predicting the future from the past. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/1/1601854. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01854-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lahousse L, Verhamme KM, Stricker BH, Brusselle GG. Cardiac effects of current treatments of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2016; 4:149-64. [PMID: 26794033 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We review the cardiac safety of the drugs available at present for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in stable disease, focusing on inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) and long-acting β2 agonists (LABA), used either as a monotherapy or as a fixed-dose combination. We report the difficulties of, and pitfalls in, the investigation of the safety of drug treatments in COPD, which is hampered by the so-called COPD trial paradox: on the one hand, COPD is defined as a systemic disease and is frequently associated with comorbidities (especially cardiovascular comorbidities), which have an important effect on the prognosis of individual patients; on the other hand, patients with COPD and cardiovascular or other coexisting illnesses are often excluded from participation in randomised controlled clinical trials. In these trials, inhaled long-acting bronchodilators, both LAMA or LABA, or both, seem to be safe when used in the appropriate dose in adherent patients with COPD without uncontrolled cardiovascular disease or other notable comorbidities. However, the cardiac safety of LAMA and LABA is less evident when used inappropriately (eg, overdosing) or in patients with COPD and substantial cardiovascular disease, prolonged QTc interval, or polypharmacy. Potential warnings about rare cardiac events caused by COPD treatment from meta-analyses and observational studies need to be confirmed in high quality large randomised controlled trials. Finally, we briefly cover the cardiac safety issues of chronic oral drug treatments for COPD, encompassing theophylline, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Lahousse
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katia M Verhamme
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Inspectorate of Healthcare, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Gogol M. Stress und optimales Altern. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00391-015-0934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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