1
|
Kong Y, Wang Z, Yu H, Dong A, Song Y, Guo L, Zhu J, Sun L, Guo Y. YiQi GuBen formula alleviates airway inflammation and airway remodeling in OVA-induced asthma mice through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024; 76:1028-1037. [PMID: 38824434 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to investigate the effect of YiQi GuBen formula (YQGB) on airway inflammation and airway remodeling in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model to further explore the potential mechanisms of YQGB in treating allergic asthma. METHODS Mice were divided into five groups randomly (n = 10): the control group, OVA group, OVA + Dex (0.1 mg/kg) group, OVA + low-dose (1.1 g/kg) YQGB group, and OVA + high-dose (2.2 g/kg) YQGB group. Inflammatory cell count and IgE were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Lung tissue histopathology was observed by using H&E, PAS, Masson, and immunohistochemistry staining. qRT-PCR and western blot were applied to analyze key genes and proteins associated with TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways. RESULTS In OVA-induced asthma mice, YQGB decreased eosinophils and IgE in BALF. YQGB alleviated the OVA-induced inflammatory infiltration and declined IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, Eotaxin, ECP, GM-CSF, LTC4, and LTD4. YQGB attenuated the OVA-induced goblet cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion. YQGB mitigated the OVA-induced subepithelial fibrosis and lowered TGF-β1, E-Cadherin, Vimentin, and Fibronectin. YQGB ameliorated the OVA-induced airway smooth muscle thickening and lessened α-SMA and PDGF levels. YQGB reduced the expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, IκBα, and p65 mRNAs, and IκBα and p-p65 protein levels were also reduced. CONCLUSION YQGB exhibits the anti-asthma effect by reducing airway inflammation and airway remodeling through suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and is worth promoting clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibu Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, No.1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue District, Changchun 130017, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongtian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, No.1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue District, Changchun 130017, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Aiai Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yongfu Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, No.1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue District, Changchun 130017, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jinpu Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, No.1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue District, Changchun 130017, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, No.1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue District, Changchun 130017, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao TBT, Quoc QL, Yang EM, Moon JY, Shin YS, Ryu MS, Choi Y, Park HS. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Enhances Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Severe Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:451-472. [PMID: 37075799 PMCID: PMC10359643 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.4.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe asthma (SA) is characterized by persistent airway inflammation and remodeling, followed by lung function decline. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the pathogenesis of SA. METHODS We enrolled 250 adult asthmatics (54 with SA and 196 with non-SA) and 140 healthy controls (HCs). Serum TIMP-1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The release of TIMP-1 from airway epithelial cells (AECs) in response to stimuli as well as the effects of TIMP-1 on the activations of eosinophils and macrophages were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of serum TIMP-1 were noted in asthmatics than in HCs, in the SA group than in non-SA group, and in the type 2 SA group than in non-type 2 SA group (P < 0.01 for all). A negative correlation between serum TIMP-1 and FEV1% values (r = -0.400, P = 0.003) was noted in the SA group. In vitro study demonstrated that TIMP-1 was released from AECs in response to poly I:C, IL-13, eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) and in coculture with eosinophils. TIMP-1-stimulated mice showed eosinophilic airway inflammation, which was not completely suppressed by steroid treatment. In vitro and in vivo functional studies showed that TIMP-1 directly activated eosinophils and macrophages, and induced the release of EETs and macrophages to polarize toward M2 subset, which was suppressed by anti-TIMP-1 antibody. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TIMP-1 enhances eosinophilic airway inflammation and that serum TIMP-1 may be a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target for type 2 SA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Bich Tra Cao
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Quang Luu Quoc
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Yang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Moon
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min Sook Ryu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Margelidon-Cozzolino V, Tsicopoulos A, Chenivesse C, de Nadai P. Role of Th17 Cytokines in Airway Remodeling in Asthma and Therapy Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:806391. [PMID: 35386663 PMCID: PMC8974749 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.806391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a frequent pathological feature of severe asthma leading to permanent airway obstruction in up to 50% of cases and to respiratory disability. Although structural changes related to airway remodeling are well-characterized, immunological processes triggering and maintaining this phenomenon are still poorly understood. As a consequence, no biotherapy targeting cytokines are currently efficient to treat airway remodeling and only bronchial thermoplasty may have an effect on bronchial nerves and smooth muscles with uncertain clinical relevance. Th17 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, play a role in neutrophilic inflammation in severe asthma and may be involved in airway remodeling. Indeed, IL-17 is increased in sputum from severe asthmatic patients, induces the expression of "profibrotic" cytokines by epithelial, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and provokes human airway smooth muscle cell migration in in vitro studies. IL-22 is also increased in asthmatic samples, promotes myofibroblast differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells in vitro. Accordingly, we also found high levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in a mouse model of dog-allergen induced asthma characterized by a strong airway remodeling. Clinical trials found no effect of therapy targeting IL-17 in an unselected population of asthmatic patients but showed a potential benefit in a sub-population of patients exhibiting a high level of airway reversibility, suggesting a potential role on airway remodeling. Anti-IL-22 therapies have not been evaluated in asthma yet but were demonstrated efficient in severe atopic dermatitis including an effect on skin remodeling. In this review, we will address the role of Th17 cytokines in airway remodeling through data from in vitro, in vivo and translational studies, and examine the potential place of Th17-targeting therapies in the treatment of asthma with airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Margelidon-Cozzolino
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tsicopoulos
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Chenivesse
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CRISALIS (Clinical Research Initiative in Severe Asthma: a Lever for Innovation & Science), F-CRIN Network, INSERM US015, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia de Nadai
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Noël A, Perveen Z, Xiao R, Hammond H, Le Donne V, Legendre K, Gartia MR, Sahu S, Paulsen DB, Penn AL. Mmp12 Is Upregulated by in utero Second-Hand Smoke Exposures and Is a Key Factor Contributing to Aggravated Lung Responses in Adult Emphysema, Asthma, and Lung Cancer Mouse Models. Front Physiol 2021; 12:704401. [PMID: 34912233 PMCID: PMC8667558 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.704401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (Mmp12) is upregulated by cigarette smoke (CS) and plays a critical role in extracellular matrix remodeling, a key mechanism involved in physiological repair processes, and in the pathogenesis of emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. While cigarette smoking is associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and lung cancer, in utero exposures to CS and second-hand smoke (SHS) are associated with asthma development in the offspring. SHS is an indoor air pollutant that causes known adverse health effects; however, the mechanisms by which in utero SHS exposures predispose to adult lung diseases, including COPD, asthma, and lung cancer, are poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that in utero SHS exposure aggravates adult-induced emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. Methods: Pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed from gestational days 6–19 to either 3 or 10mg/m3 of SHS or filtered air. At 10, 11, 16, or 17weeks of age, female offspring were treated with either saline for controls, elastase to induce emphysema, house-dust mite (HDM) to initiate asthma, or urethane to promote lung cancer. At sacrifice, specific disease-related lung responses including lung function, inflammation, gene, and protein expression were assessed. Results: In the elastase-induced emphysema model, in utero SHS-exposed mice had significantly enlarged airspaces and up-regulated expression of Mmp12 (10.3-fold compared to air-elastase controls). In the HDM-induced asthma model, in utero exposures to SHS produced eosinophilic lung inflammation and potentiated Mmp12 gene expression (5.7-fold compared to air-HDM controls). In the lung cancer model, in utero exposures to SHS significantly increased the number of intrapulmonary metastases at 58weeks of age and up-regulated Mmp12 (9.3-fold compared to air-urethane controls). In all lung disease models, Mmp12 upregulation was supported at the protein level. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that in utero SHS exposures exacerbate lung responses to adult-induced emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. Our data show that MMP12 is up-regulated at the gene and protein levels in three distinct adult lung disease models following in utero SHS exposures, suggesting that MMP12 is central to in utero SHS-aggravated lung responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Zakia Perveen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Harriet Hammond
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Kelsey Legendre
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sushant Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | - Daniel B Paulsen
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Arthur L Penn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dalouchi F, Falak R, Bakhshesh M, Sharifiaghdam Z, Azizi Y, Aboutaleb N. Human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium reduces inflammatory factors and fibrosis in ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:544-554. [PMID: 33258520 DOI: 10.1113/ep088911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium capable of improving the pathological alterations of ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice? What is the main finding and its importance? Our study indicated that human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium is capable of modulating inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress and the pathological consequences of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in mice. ABSTRACT Paracrine factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties, and the conditioned medium (CM) of these cells might have functional capabilities. We examined the effects of human amniotic membrane MSC-CM (hAM-MSC-CM) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. Forty male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: control; OVA (sensitized and challenged with OVA); OVA+CM (sensitized and challenged with OVA and treated with hAM-MSC-CM); and OVA+Placebo (sensitized and challenged with OVA and treated with placebo). Forty-eight hours after the last challenge, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected and used for evaluation of inflammatory factors and cells, respectively. Lung tissue sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin or Masson's Trichrome to evaluate pathological changes, and oxidative stress was assessed in fresh lung tissues. Treatment with hAM-MSC-CM significantly hindered histopathological changes and fibrosis and reduced the total cell count and the percentage of eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, it reduced serum levels of immunoglobulin E, interleukin-4, transforming growth factor-β and lung malondialdehyde. It also increased serum levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-10, in addition to the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in lung tissue in comparison to the OVA and OVA+Placebo groups. This study showed that administration of hAM-MSC-CM can improve pathological conditions, such as inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress, in OVA-induced allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Dalouchi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Physiology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Bakhshesh
- Department of Physiology, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | | | - Yaser Azizi
- Physiology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boulet LP, Côté A, Abd-Elaziz K, Gauvreau G, Diamant Z. Allergen bronchoprovocation test: an important research tool supporting precision medicine. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 27:15-22. [PMID: 33065599 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergen bronchoprovocation test (ABT) has been used to study asthma pathophysiology and as a disease-modelling tool to assess the properties and efficacy of new asthma drugs. In view of the complexity and heterogeneity of asthma, which has driven the definition of several phenotypes and endotypes, we aim to discuss the role of ABT in the era of precision medicine and provide guidance for clinicians how to interpret and use available data to understand the implications for the benefits of asthma treatment. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we summarize background knowledge and applications of ABT and provide an update with recent publications on this topic. In the past years, several studies have been published on ABT in combination with non-invasive and invasive airway samplings and innovative detection techniques allowing to study several inflammatory mechanisms linked to Th2-pathway and allergen-induced pathophysiology throughout the airways. SUMMARY ABT is a valuable research tool, which has strongly contributed to precision medicine by helping to define allergen-triggered key inflammatory pathways and airway pathophysiology, and thus helped to shape our understanding of allergen-driven asthma phenotypes and endotypes. In addition, ABT has been instrumental to assess the interactions and effects of new-targeted asthma treatments along these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe Boulet
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Andréanne Côté
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Gail Gauvreau
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medicine Ctr Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Insuela DBR, Ferrero MR, Coutinho DDS, Martins MA, Carvalho VF. Could Arachidonic Acid-Derived Pro-Resolving Mediators Be a New Therapeutic Strategy for Asthma Therapy? Front Immunol 2020; 11:580598. [PMID: 33362766 PMCID: PMC7755608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents one of the leading chronic diseases worldwide and causes a high global burden of death and disability. In asthmatic patients, the exacerbation and chronification of the inflammatory response are often related to a failure in the resolution phase of inflammation. We reviewed the role of the main arachidonic acid (AA) specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in the resolution of chronic lung inflammation of asthmatics. AA is metabolized by two classes of enzymes, cyclooxygenases (COX), which produce prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes, and lypoxygenases (LOX), which form leukotrienes and lipoxins (LXs). In asthma, two primary pro-resolving derived mediators from COXs are PGE2 and the cyclopentenone prostaglandin15-Deoxy-Delta-12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2) while from LOXs are the LXA4 and LXB4. In different models of asthma, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs reduced lung inflammation and remodeling. Furthermore, these SPMs inhibited chemotaxis and function of several inflammatory cells involved in asthma pathogenesis, such as eosinophils, and presented an antiremodeling effect in airway epithelial, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs are all able to induce macrophage reprogramming to an alternative M2 pro-resolving phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Although PGE2 and LXA4 showed some beneficial effects in asthmatic patients, there are limitations to their clinical use, since PGE2 caused side effects, while LXA4 presented low stability. Therefore, despite the strong evidence that these AA-derived SPMs induce resolution of both inflammatory response and tissue remodeling in asthma, safer and more stable analogs must be developed for further clinical investigation of their application in asthma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego de Sá Coutinho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Frias Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khan MA. Regulatory T cells mediated immunomodulation during asthma: a therapeutic standpoint. J Transl Med 2020; 18:456. [PMID: 33267824 PMCID: PMC7713035 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lung airway network, which is initiated and perpetuated by allergen-specific CD4+ T cells, IgE antibodies, and a massive release of Th2 cytokines. The most common clinical manifestations of asthma progression include airway inflammation, pathological airway tissue and microvascular remodeling, which leads to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and reversible airway obstruction. In addition to inflammatory cells, a tiny population of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune homeostasis, suppress allergic responses, and participate in the resolution of inflammation-associated tissue injuries. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated a tremendous therapeutic potential of Tregs in allergic airway disease, which plays a crucial role in immunosuppression, and rejuvenation of inflamed airways. These findings supported to harness the immunotherapeutic potential of Tregs to suppress airway inflammation and airway microvascular reestablishment during the progression of the asthma disease. This review addresses the therapeutic impact of Tregs and how Treg mediated immunomodulation plays a vital role in subduing the development of airway inflammation, and associated airway remodeling during the onset of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Korb E, Bağcıoğlu M, Garner-Spitzer E, Wiedermann U, Ehling-Schulz M, Schabussova I. Machine Learning-Empowered FTIR Spectroscopy Serum Analysis Stratifies Healthy, Allergic, and SIT-Treated Mice and Humans. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071058. [PMID: 32708591 PMCID: PMC7408032 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The unabated global increase of allergic patients leads to an unmet need for rapid and inexpensive tools for the diagnosis of allergies and for monitoring the outcome of allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT). In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the potential of Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, a high-resolution and cost-efficient biophotonic method with high throughput capacities, to detect characteristic alterations in serum samples of healthy, allergic, and SIT-treated mice and humans. To this end, we used experimental models of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation and allergen-specific tolerance induction in BALB/c mice. Serum collected before and at the end of the experiment was subjected to FTIR spectroscopy. As shown by our study, FTIR spectroscopy, combined with deep learning, can discriminate serum from healthy, allergic, and tolerized mice, which correlated with immunological data. Furthermore, to test the suitability of this biophotonic method for clinical diagnostics, serum samples from human patients were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. In line with the results from the mouse models, machine learning-assisted FTIR spectroscopy allowed to discriminate sera obtained from healthy, allergic, and SIT-treated humans, thereby demonstrating its potential for rapid diagnosis of allergy and clinical therapeutic monitoring of allergic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Korb
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (E.G.-S.); (U.W.)
| | - Murat Bağcıoğlu
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Erika Garner-Spitzer
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (E.G.-S.); (U.W.)
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (E.G.-S.); (U.W.)
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: (M.E.-S.); (I.S.); Tel.: +43-1-25077-2460 (M.E.-S.); +43-1-40160-38250 (I.S.)
| | - Irma Schabussova
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (E.G.-S.); (U.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.-S.); (I.S.); Tel.: +43-1-25077-2460 (M.E.-S.); +43-1-40160-38250 (I.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yap HM, Israf DA, Harith HH, Tham CL, Sulaiman MR. Crosstalk Between Signaling Pathways Involved in the Regulation of Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Hyperplasia. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1148. [PMID: 31649532 PMCID: PMC6794426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased ASM mass, primarily due to ASM hyperplasia, has been recognized as a hallmark of airway remodeling in asthma. Increased ASM mass is the major contributor to the airway narrowing, thus worsening the bronchoconstriction in response to stimuli. Inflammatory mediators and growth factors released during inflammation induce increased ASM mass surrounding airway wall via increased ASM proliferation, diminished ASM apoptosis and increased ASM migration. Several major pathways, such as MAPKs, PI3K/AKT, JAK2/STAT3 and Rho kinase, have been reported to regulate these cellular activities in ASM and were reported to be interrelated at certain points. This article aims to provide an overview of the signaling pathways/molecules involved in ASM hyperplasia as well as the mapping of the interplay/crosstalk between these major pathways in mediating ASM hyperplasia. A more comprehensive understanding of the complexity of cellular signaling in ASM cells will enable more specific and safer drug development in the control of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Yap
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Hazeera Harith
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Roslan Sulaiman
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nayak AP, Villalba D, Deshpande DA. Bitter Taste Receptors: an Answer to Comprehensive Asthma Control? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019; 19:48. [PMID: 31486942 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-019-0876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma is marked by peculiar pathological features involving airway contraction, an impinging inflammation in the lungs, and an inexorably progressive remodeling of pulmonary architecture. Current medications for management of asthma exacerbations fail to optimally mitigate these pathologies, which is partly due to the intrinsic heterogeneity in the development and progression of asthma within different populations. In recent years, the discovery of the ectopic expression of TAS2Rs in extraoral tissues and different cell types, combined with significant strides in gaining mechanistic understanding into receptor signaling and function, has revealed the potential to target TAS2Rs for asthma relief. RECENT FINDINGS TAS2R activation leads to relaxation of airway smooth muscle cells and bronchodilation. In addition, findings from preclinical studies in murine model of asthma suggest that TAS2R agonists inhibit allergen-induced airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness. In this review, we expand on the opportunity presented by TAS2Rs in the development of a comprehensive asthma treatment that overcomes the limitations set forth by current asthma therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P Nayak
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; and Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Room 543, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Dominic Villalba
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; and Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Room 543, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; and Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Room 543, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Genç D, Zibandeh N, Nain E, Arığ Ü, Göker K, Aydıner E, Akkoç T. IFN-γ stimulation of dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells modulates immune response of CD4 + T lymphocytes in Der p1 + asthmatic patients in vitro. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:467-476. [PMID: 30826066 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND House dust mite (Dermataphagoides pteronyssinus) is a widespread risk factor in the development of asthma. CD4+ T lymphocytes have an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma by polarizing to Th2 cells. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the immunoregulatory effects of dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells with and without IFN-γ stimulation on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of house dust mite sensitive asthmatic patients, and compared those with Dexamethasone as a systemic steroid. MATERIAL AND METHODS PBMC of asthmatic patients and healthy individuals separately cultured with or without DF-MSCs in the presence and absence of IFN-γ or Der p1 or Dexamethasone for 72h. CD4+ T proliferation, cell viability, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cell frequency and cytokine profiles of PBMC were evaluated via flow cytometry. RESULTS DF-MSCs suppressed proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes (pCDmix<0.01, pDerp1<0.01, pIFN<0.005) by increasing the number of FoxP3 expressing CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (pCDmix<0.005, pDerp1<0.01, pIFN<0.001) and suppressed lymphocyte apoptosis (pCDmix<0.05, pDerp1<0.05, pIFN<0.05), while Dexamethasone increased the apoptosis and decreased Treg cell frequency in asthmatic patients. IFN-γ stimulation increased the suppressive effect of DF-MSCs and also enhanced the frequency of FoxP3 expressing CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. The cytokine levels were regulated by DF-MSCs by reducing IL-4 cytokine levels (pCDmix<0.01, pDerp1<0.05, pIFN<0.05) and upregulating IFN-γ levels (pCDmix<0.01, pDerp1<0.05, pIFN<0.005) in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION IFN-γ stimulated DF-MSCs were found to have a high modulatory effect on CD4+ T cell responses, while Dexamethasone had an apoptotic effect on CD4+ T cells in asthmatic patients. DF-MSCs may be a new cell-based therapy option for allergic diseases including asthma.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheong SS, Dean CH. On the Move: The Commander IL-4 Leads the Cell Army in Collective Migration. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:377-378. [PMID: 30423257 PMCID: PMC6444625 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0344ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sek-Shir Cheong
- 1 National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte H Dean
- 1 National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee SN, Ahn JS, Lee SG, Lee HS, Choi AMK, Yoon JH. Integrins αvβ5 and αvβ6 Mediate IL-4–induced Collective Migration in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:420-433. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0081oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seong Gyu Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Suk Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Augustine M. K. Choi
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- The Airway Mucus Institute and
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shilovskiy IP, Sundukova MS, Babakhin АА, Gaisina AR, Maerle AV, Sergeev IV, Nikolskiy AA, Barvinckaya ED, Kovchina VI, Kudlay DA, Nikonova AA, Khaitov MR. Experimental protocol for development of adjuvant-free murine chronic model of allergic asthma. J Immunol Methods 2019; 468:10-19. [PMID: 30880263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse models of allergic asthma play a crucial role in exploring of asthma pathogenesis and testing of novel anti-inflammatory drugs. Widely used acute asthma models usually developed with adjuvant (aluminum hydroxide (alum)) do not reproduce one of the main asthma feature - airway remodeling while chronic asthma model mimic the pathophysiology of human disease. Moreover, the use of alum causes distress in experimental animals and impedes the test of adjuvant-containing drugs. In this study, we aimed to develop a chronic adjuvant-free asthma model with pronounced asthmatic phenotype. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups. The first group was sensitized with intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin (OVA) emulsified in aluminum hydroxide on days 0, 14, 28 followed by two stages of intranasally challenge with OVA on days 41-43 and 62-64. The second group was subcutaneously sensitized with the same dose of OVA without adjuvant and challenged on the same days. The third group (negative control) included mice which did not received any kind of treatment (i.e. sensitization and challenge). Serum levels of OVA-specific IgE, IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies were detected by ELISA. Airway hyper-responsiveness was measured by non-invasive plethysmography on days 44 and 65. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) sampled in all groups on days 45 and 66 were analyzed by light microscopy. The left lung was removed for histological analysis. The IL-4 and IFNγ mRNA expression in BALF cells was evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS The OVA-specific IgE antibody response was two-fold increased in mice from adjuvant-free group compared to the adjuvant group that reflects reorientation of immune response towards Th2 phenotype. At the same time, the level of OVA-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies was increased in the adjuvant group. Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in mice of both experimental groups was two-fold higher than in control. Analysis of cell composition in BAL has shown a significant increase in eosinophil count in both experimental groups that indicate the development of allergic inflammation. Lung histology revealed airway remodeling in both experimental groups including goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, thickening of airway walls, collagen deposition in the wall of distal airways. Additionally, the tendency to develop hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle layer was observed. Study of gene expression in BAL cells revealed the increase of IL-4 level in both adjuvant and adjuvant-free groups while IFNγ expression in both experimental groups was similar to control group. CONCLUSION We have developed a chronic adjuvant-free mouse asthma model which possesses all necessary features of the disease including airway remodeling and is more suitable for pre-clinical evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches including adjuvant-containing drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I P Shilovskiy
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M S Sundukova
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - А А Babakhin
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - A R Gaisina
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Maerle
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Sergeev
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Nikolskiy
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - E D Barvinckaya
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Kovchina
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Kudlay
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Nikonova
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia; Mechnikov Research Institute for vaccines and sera, 105064, 5A, M. Kazenny Per, Moscow, Russia
| | - M R Khaitov
- National Research Center - Institute of immunology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, 115478, 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aspergillus fumigatus Infection-Induced Neutrophil Recruitment and Location in the Conducting Airway of Immunocompetent, Neutropenic, and Immunosuppressed Mice. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5379085. [PMID: 29577051 PMCID: PMC5822902 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5379085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to fungal infection is commonly associated with impaired neutrophil responses. To study the mechanisms underlying this association, we investigated neutrophil recruitment to the conducting airway wall after Aspergillus fumigatus conidium inhalation in mouse models of drug-induced immunosuppression and antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion (neutropenia) by performing three-dimensional confocal laser-scanning microscopy of whole-mount primary bronchus specimens. Actin staining enabled visualization of the epithelial and smooth muscle layers that mark the airway wall. Gr-1+ or Ly6G+ neutrophils located between the epithelium and smooth muscles were considered airway wall neutrophils. The number of airway wall neutrophils for immunocompetent, immunosuppressed, and neutropenic mice before and 6 h after A. fumigatus infection were analyzed and compared. Our results show that the number of conducting airway wall neutrophils in immunocompetent mice significantly increased upon inflammation, while a dramatic reduction in this number was observed following immunosuppression and neutropenia. Interestingly, a slight increase in the infiltration of neutrophils into the airway wall was detected as a result of infection, even in immunosuppressed and neutropenic mice. Taken together, these data indicate that neutrophils are present in intact conducting airway walls and the number elevates upon A. fumigatus infection. Conducting airway wall neutrophils are affected by both neutropenia and immunosuppression.
Collapse
|
17
|
Meeusen E, Lim E, Mathivanan S. Secreted Tumor Antigens - Immune Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Therapy. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Els Meeusen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science; La Trobe University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research; St. Vincent's Health; University of New South Wales; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science; La Trobe University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang FQ, Han XP, Zhang F, Ma X, Xiang D, Yang XM, Ou-Yang HF, Li Z. Therapeutic efficacy of a co-blockade of IL-13 and IL-25 on airway inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:133-140. [PMID: 28282577 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Repeated airway inflammation and unremitting remodeling provoke irreversible pulmonary dysfunction and resistance to current drugs in patients with chronic bronchial asthma. Interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-25 play an important role in airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. We aimed to investigate whether co-inhibiting IL-13 and IL-25 can effectively down-regulate allergen-induced airway inflammation and remodeling in mice. Mice with asthma induced by chronic exposure to ovalbumin (OVA) were given soluble IL-13 receptor α2 (sIL-13R) or soluble IL-25 receptor (sIL-25R) protein alone and in combination to neutralize the bioactivity of IL-13 and IL-25, and relevant airway inflammation and remodeling experiments were performed. We found that the co-blockade of IL-13 and IL-25 with sIL-13R and sIL-25R was more effective than either agent alone at decreasing inflammatory cell infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness (AhR) and airway remodeling including mucus production, extracellular collagen deposition, smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and angiogenesis in mice exposed to OVA. These results suggest that the combined inhibition of IL-13 and IL-25 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for asthma, especially for patients who are resistant to current treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Qi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Peng Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Min Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Feng Ou-Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhikui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khan MA. Dynamics of airway response in lung microsections: a tool for studying airway-extra cellular matrix interactions. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:43. [PMID: 27176036 PMCID: PMC4865010 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological configuration of extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in how mechanical interactions of the airway with its parenchymal attachments affect the dynamics of airway responses in different pulmonary disorders including asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It is now recognized that mechanical interactions between airway tissue and ECM play a key regulatory role on airway physiology and kinetics that can lead to the reorganization and remodeling of airway connective tissue. A connective tissue is composed of airway smooth muscle cells (ASM) and the ECM, which includes variety of glycoproteins and therefore the extent of interactions between ECM and ASM affects airway dynamics during exacerbations of major pulmonary disorders. Measurement of the velocity and magnitude of airway closure or opening provide important insights into the functions of the airway contractile apparatus and the interactions with its surrounding connective tissues. This review highlights suitability of lung microsection technique in studying measurements of airway dynamics (narrowing/opening) and associated structural distortions in airway compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC 03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabiana.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Khan MA, Assiri AM, Broering DC. Complement mediators: key regulators of airway tissue remodeling in asthma. J Transl Med 2015; 13:272. [PMID: 26289385 PMCID: PMC4544802 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement mediators are the major effectors of the immune balance, which operates at the interface between the innate and adaptive immunity, and is vital for many immunoregulatory functions. Activation of the complement cascade through the classical, alternative or lectin pathways thus generating opsonins like C3b and C5b, anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, chemotaxin, and inflammatory mediators, which leads to cellular death. Complement mediators that accelerate the airway remodeling are not well defined; however, an uncontrolled Th2-driven adaptive immune response has been linked to the major pathophysiologic features of asthma, including bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. The mechanisms leading to complement mediated airway tissue remodeling, and the effect of therapy on preventing and/or reversing it are not clearly understood. This review highlights complement-mediated inflammation, and the mechanism through it triggers the airway tissue injury and remodeling in the airway epithelium that could serve as potential targets for developing a new drug to rescue the asthma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 MBC-03, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Assiri
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 MBC-03, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dieter Clemens Broering
- Organ Transplant Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Barham HP, Osborn JL, Snidvongs K, Mrad N, Sacks R, Harvey RJ. Remodeling changes of the upper airway with chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:565-72. [PMID: 25995066 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although remodeling changes of the lower airway are well described, similar changes in the upper airway are less well known. Remodeling changes of the upper airway in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) relevant to different phenotypes and endotypes and their clinical characteristics are investigated. METHODS A cross-sectional study of adult patients with CRS was performed. Mucosal samples were taken during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Histopathological analysis included eosinophil count, eosinophil activation (eosinophilic mucin), and remodeling changes. Mucosal damage was defined as ulceration, edema, and hypertrophic changes. Patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) were assessed using a Nasal Symptom Score (NSS) and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Patients were subgrouped by presence of polyps (CRSwNP/CRSsNP) or tissue eosinophilia (>10/high power field). Subgroup analysis was performed when both eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) and eosinophil activation (eCRSwEA) were coexistent. Analysis between subgroups, pathology, and PROMs was also performed. RESULTS A total of 259 patients (age 48.5 ± 15.6 years, 45% female) were recruited; 53% CRSwNP, 51% eCRS. Remodeling changes were present in 85%, higher in both CRSwNP (90%, p = 0.006) and eCRS (91%, p = 0.004). Mucosal damage changes were common in eCRS (ulceration 18%, p = 0.003; edema 98%, p < 0.001; hypertrophic changes 25%, p = 0.007). NSS was worse in CRSwNP compared to CRSsNP (2.84 ± 1.1 vs 2.29 ± 1.1, p < 0.001) and eCRSwEA (2.95 ± 0.16 vs 2.51 ± 0.11, p = 0.04). "Loss of sense of smell or taste" was worse in patients with evidence of mucosal damage (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Remodeling features are present in CRS. Tissue eosinophilia and evidence of eosinophil activation is closely associated with remodeling features of CRS, associated mucosal damage and clinical symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry P Barham
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, Applied Medical Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jodi L Osborn
- The University of Sydney, Department of Otolaryngology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kornkiat Snidvongs
- Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, Applied Medical Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Chulalongkorn University, Department of Otolaryngology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nadine Mrad
- Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, Applied Medical Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raymond Sacks
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, Applied Medical Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Department of Otolaryngology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard J Harvey
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, Applied Medical Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao P, Zhou Y, Xian L, Li C, Xu T, Plunkett B, Huang SK, Wan M, Cao X. Functional effects of TGF-β1 on mesenchymal stem cell mobilization in cockroach allergen-induced asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4560-4570. [PMID: 24711618 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested to participate in immune regulation and airway repair/remodeling. TGF-β1 is critical in the recruitment of stem/progenitor cells for tissue repair, remodeling, and cell differentiation. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of TGF-β1 in MSC migration in allergic asthma. We examined nestin expression (a marker for MSCs) and TGF-β1 signaling activation in airways in cockroach allergen extract (CRE)-induced mouse models. Compared with control mice, there were increased nestin(+) cells in airways and higher levels of active TGF-β1 in serum and p-Smad2/3 expression in lungs of CRE-treated mice. Increased activation of TGF-β1 signaling was also found in CRE-treated MSCs. We then assessed MSC migration induced by conditioned medium from CRE-challenged human epithelium in air/liquid interface culture in Transwell assays. MSC migration was stimulated by epithelial-conditioned medium, but was significantly inhibited by either TGF-β1-neutralizing Ab or TβR1 inhibitor. Intriguingly, increased migration of MSCs from blood and bone marrow to the airway was also observed after systemic injection of GFP(+) MSCs and from bone marrow of Nes-GFP mice following CRE challenge. Furthermore, TGF-β1-neutralizing Ab inhibited the CRE-induced MSC recruitment, but promoted airway inflammation. Finally, we investigated the role of MSCs in modulating CRE-induced T cell response and found that MSCs significantly inhibited CRE-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IFN-γ) by CD4(+) T cells. These results suggest that TGF-β1 may be a key promigratory factor in recruiting MSCs to the airways in mouse models of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peisong Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lingling Xian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Changjun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beverly Plunkett
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) modulates cockroach allergen-induced immune responses through active TGFβ1 release. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:591479. [PMID: 24795504 PMCID: PMC3984807 DOI: 10.1155/2014/591479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a multifunctional regulator that senses and responds to environmental stimuli, plays a role in normal cell development and immune regulation. Recent evidence supports a significant link between environmental exposure and AhR in the development of allergic diseases. We sought to investigate whether AhR plays a role in mediating cockroach allergen-induced allergic immune responses. Methods. AhR expression in human lung fibroblasts from asthmatic and healthy individuals and in cockroach extract (CRE) treated human lung fibroblasts (WI-38) was examined. The role of AhR in modulating CRE induced TGFβ1 production was investigated by using AhR agonist, TCDD, antagonist CH122319, and knockdown of AhR. The role of latent TGFβ1 binding protein-1 (LTBP1) in mediating TCDD induced active TGFβ1 release was also examined. Results. AhR expression was higher in airway fibroblasts from asthmatic subjects as compared to healthy controls. AhR in fibroblasts was activated by TCDD with an increased expression of cyp1a1 and cyp1b1. Increased AhR expression was observed in CRE-treated fibroblasts. Importantly, CRE induced TGFβ1 production in fibroblasts was significantly enhanced by TCDD but inhibited by CH122319. Reduced TGFβ1 production was further confirmed in fibroblasts with AhR knockdown. Moreover, AhR knockdown inhibited CRE induced fibroblast differentiation. Furthermore, TCDD induced active TGFβ1 release was significantly inhibited by LTBP1 knockdown. Conclusion. These results provide evidence for the role of AhR in modulating cockroach allergen-induced immune responses through controlling the active TGFβ1 release, suggesting a possible synergistic effect between exposure to allergens and environmental chemicals on the development of allergic diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hocaoglu AB, Karaman O, Erge DO, Erbil G, Yilmaz O, Bagriyanik A, Uzuner N. Glycyrrhizin and long-term histopathologic changes in a murine model of asthma. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2014; 72:250-61. [PMID: 24648593 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Licorice root has been widely used to treat bronchial asthma for many years. However, the effect of this herb on lung histopathologic features is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of oral administration of glycyrrhizin, an active constituent of licorice root, on lung histopathologic features in BALB/c mice, in which the model of chronic asthma was established. METHODS Twenty-eight BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups: control, placebo, dexamethasone, and glycyrrhizin. Mice in the treatment and placebo groups were sensitized with 2 intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin and then were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin for 30 minutes per day on 3 days each week for 8 weeks beginning on the 21st study day. In the last week of inhalational exposure, mice in the placebo group received saline and those in the treatment groups received either dexamethasone, 1 mg/kg, or glycyrrhizin, 10 mg/kg, via orogastric gavage for 7 consecutive days. Animals were humanely killed 24 hours after the last ovalbumin and drug exposure. Lung histopathologic findings were evaluated using light and electron microscopy. RESULTS As evaluated in the control, placebo, dexamethasone, and glycyrrhizin groups, respectively, the mean (SD) basement membrane thickness was 306.34 (36.91), 657.52 (98.99), 405.13 (96.1), and 465.01 (121.48) nm; subepithelial smooth muscle thickness was 7.22 (1.37), 11.24 (1.85), 5.62 (1.15), and 7.76 (1.11) μm; epithelium thickness was 19.48 (1.22), 41.62 (5.49), 22.59 (3.18), and 25.54 (4.68) μm; number of mast cells was 1.34 (0.19), 3.62 (0.5), 2.06 (0.77), and 2.77 (0.23)/16,400 μm(2); and number of goblet cells was 0.32 (0.1), 4.92 (0.82), 0.66 (0.06), and 0.98 (0.15)/100 μm. Evaluation of lung histopathologic features demonstrated that the chronic asthma model of mice was successfully established, with significantly higher numbers of goblet and mast cells and increased thickness of epithelium, basement membrane, and subepithelial smooth muscle layers (P < 0.001 for all) in the asthma group compared with in the control group. The number of goblet (P < 0.001) and mast (P < 0.02) cells and the thickness of basement membrane (P < 0.001), subepithelial smooth muscle layers (P ≤ 0.001), and epithelium of the lung (P < 0.001) were found to be significantly lower in the glycyrrhizin group compared with in the placebo group. When the glycyrrhizin and dexamethasone groups were compared, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in the histopathologic parameters, including thickness of basement membrane (P = 0.514), subepithelial smooth muscle (P = 0.054), and epithelium (P = 1.0) and number of mast (P = 0.075) and goblet (P = 0.988) cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the group receiving glycyrrhizin had amelioration of all established chronic histopathologic changes of lung in the mouse model of asthma. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of glycyrrhizin in the management of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Babayigit Hocaoglu
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Karaman
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Olmez Erge
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guven Erbil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Department of Multidisciplinary Animal Laboratory, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alper Bagriyanik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nevin Uzuner
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Keglowich L, Roth M, Philippova M, Resink T, Tjin G, Oliver B, Lardinois D, Dessus-Babus S, Gosens R, Hostettler Haack K, Tamm M, Borger P. Bronchial smooth muscle cells of asthmatics promote angiogenesis through elevated secretion of CXC-chemokines (ENA-78, GRO-α, and IL-8). PLoS One 2013; 8:e81494. [PMID: 24339939 PMCID: PMC3855263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway wall remodelling is a key pathology of asthma. It includes thickening of the airway wall, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMC), as well as an increased vascularity of the sub-epithelial cell layer. BSMC are known to be the effector cells of bronchoconstriction, but they are increasingly recognized as an important source of inflammatory mediators and angiogenic factors. Objective To compare the angiogenic potential of BSMC of asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients and to identify asthma-specific angiogenic factors. Methods Primary BSMC were isolated from human airway tissue of asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients. Conditioned medium (CM) collected from BSMC isolates was tested for angiogenic capacity using the endothelial cell (EC)-spheroid invitro angiogenesis assay. Angiogenic factors in CM were quantified using a human angiogenesis antibody array and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results Induction of sprout outgrowth from EC-spheroids by CM of BSMC obtained from asthma patients was increased compared with CM of control BSMC (twofold, p < 0.001). Levels of ENA-78, GRO-α and IL-8 were significantly elevated in CM of BSMC from asthma patients (p < 0.05 vs. non-asthmatic patients). SB 265610, a competitive antagonist of chemokine (CXC-motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2), attenuated the increased sprout outgrowth induced by CM of asthma patient-derived BSMC. Conclusions BSMC isolated from asthma patients exhibit increased angiogenic potential. This effect is mediated through the CXCR2 ligands (ENA78, GRO-α and IL-8) produced by BSMC. Implications CXCR2 ligands may play a decisive role in directing the neovascularization in the sub-epithelial cell layers of the lungs of asthma patients. Counteracting the CXCR2-mediated neovascularization by pharmaceutical compounds may represent a novel strategy to reduce airway remodelling in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keglowich
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Philippova
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thérèse Resink
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gavin Tjin
- Department of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School and Cell Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian Oliver
- Department of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School and Cell Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Didier Lardinois
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dessus-Babus
- Functional Genomics, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Hostettler Haack
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Borger
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Behbod B, Sordillo JE, Hoffman EB, Datta S, Muilenberg ML, Scott JA, Chew GL, Platts-Mills TA, Schwartz J, Burge H, Gold DR. Wheeze in infancy: protection associated with yeasts in house dust contrasts with increased risk associated with yeasts in indoor air and other fungal taxa. Allergy 2013; 68:1410-8. [PMID: 24118031 PMCID: PMC4761422 DOI: 10.1111/all.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While fungal exposures are assumed to provoke wheeze through irritant or allergenic mechanisms, little is known about the differential effects of indoor and outdoor fungi on early-life wheeze. METHODS In a Boston prospective birth cohort of 499 at-risk infants, culturable fungi in bedroom air and dust and outdoor air were measured at the age of 2-3 months. Wheeze was determined using bimonthly telephone questionnaires. Odds ratios were estimated for an interquartile increase in fungal natural log-transformed concentrations, adjusting for predictors of wheeze and potential confounders. RESULTS Increased odds of 'any wheeze' (≥1 vs 0 episodes) by age one were positively associated with indoor dust Alternaria [odds ratio (OR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-3.14], Penicillium [OR = 1.18; (0.98-1.43)], and Cladosporium [OR = 1.47; (1.16-1.85)]; indoor air Penicillium [OR = 1.26; (0.92-1.74)]; and outdoor air Cladosporium [OR = 1.68; (1.04-2.72)]. In contrast, indoor dust yeasts were protective [OR = 0.78; (0.66-0.93)]. 'Frequent wheeze' (≥2 vs <2 episodes) by age one was borderline associated with dust yeasts [OR = 0.86; (0.70-1.04)] and indoor air yeasts [OR = 1.53; (0.93-2.53)]. Alternaria concentration was associated with any wheeze for children with maternal mold sensitization [OR = 9.16; (1.37-61.22)], but not for those without maternal mold sensitization [OR = 1.32; (0.79-2.20)]. CONCLUSIONS While wheeze rates were higher with exposures to fungal taxa considered to be irritant or allergenic in sensitive subjects, yeasts in the home had a strong protective association with wheeze in infancy. Molecular microbiologic studies may elucidate specific components of innate microbiologic stimulants that lead to contrasting effects on wheeze development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Behbod
- Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive West, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joanne E. Sordillo
- The Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elaine B. Hoffman
- Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive West, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 350 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Soma Datta
- The Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - James A. Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R4, CANADA
| | - Ginger L. Chew
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Joel Schwartz
- Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive West, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Harriet Burge
- Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive West, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive West, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- The Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ma Y, Halayko AJ, Basu S, Guan Q, Weiss CR, Ma AG, HayGlass KT, Becker AB, Warrington RJ, Peng Z. Sustained Suppression of IL-13 by a Vaccine Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:540-549. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0060oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Ma
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrew J. Halayko
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Physiology
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Sujata Basu
- Department of Physiology
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Qingdong Guan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
| | - Carolyn R. Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
| | | | - Kent T. HayGlass
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Allan B. Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Richard J. Warrington
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhikang Peng
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Organs such as the liver, uterus and lung possess hallmark immunotolerant features, making these organs important for sustaining self-homeostasis. These organs contain a relatively large amount of negative regulatory immune cells, which are believed to take part in the regulation of immune responses. Because natural killer cells constitute a large proportion of all lymphocytes in these organs, increasing attention has been given to the roles that these cells play in maintaining immunotolerance. Here, we review the distribution, differentiation, phenotypic features and functional features of natural killer cells in these immunotolerant organs, in addition to the influence of local microenvironments on these cells and how these factors contribute to organ-specific diseases.
Collapse
|
29
|
Tuncel T, Karaman M, Firinci F, Uysal P, Kiray M, Bagriyanik AH, Yilmaz O, Karaman O, Uzuner N. The effect of rupatadine on lung histopathology in a murine model of chronic asthma. J Asthma 2013; 50:141-6. [PMID: 23387391 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2012.757775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rupatadine is a new second-generation antihistamine with H(1) receptor antagonist activity and platelet-activating factor antagonist properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of rupatadine on histologic changes in the lungs in a murine model of chronic asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five BALB/c mice were divided into five groups of seven mice each: group I (control), group II (placebo [saline]), group III (dexamethasone 1 mg · kg(-1)·d(-1)), group IV (rupatadine 3 mg·kg(-1) d(-1)), and group V (rupatadine 30 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)). Groups II through V were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin and treated once per day via the oral route (gavage). Animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment was administered. Airway histopathology was evaluated using light and electron microscopy in all groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences observed in any of the histologic parameters between groups II and IV. There were significantly thinner basement membrane, subepithelial smooth muscle layer, and epithelia were significantly thinner in group V than in group II (p < .05). There were no statistically significant differences in the thicknesses of the basement membrane, subepithelial smooth muscle layer and epithelia between groups III and V. CONCLUSION Rupatadine had a beneficial effect on histologic changes in a chronic murine model of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Tuncel
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dekkers BGJ, Pehlic A, Mariani R, Bos IST, Meurs H, Zaagsma J. Glucocorticosteroids and β₂-adrenoceptor agonists synergize to inhibit airway smooth muscle remodeling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 342:780-7. [PMID: 22685341 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.195867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling, including increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and contractility, contributes to increased airway narrowing in asthma. Increased ASM mass may be caused by exposure to mitogens, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and collagen type I, which induce a proliferative, hypocontractile ASM phenotype. In contrast, prolonged exposure to insulin induces a hypercontractile phenotype. Glucocorticosteroids and β₂-adrenoceptor agonists synergize to increase glucocorticosteroid receptor translocation in ASM cells; however, the impact of this synergism on phenotype modulation is unknown. Using bovine tracheal smooth muscle, we investigated the effects of the glucocorticosteroids fluticasone (10 nM), budesonide (30 nM), and dexamethasone (0.1-1 μM) and the combination of low concentrations of fluticasone (3-100 pM) and fenoterol (10 nM) on ASM phenotype switching in response to PDGF (10 ng/ml), collagen type I (50 μg/ml), and insulin (1 μM). All glucocorticosteroids inhibited PDGF- and collagen I-induced proliferation and hypocontractility, with the effects of collagen I being less susceptible to glucocorticosteroid action. At 100-fold lower concentrations, fluticasone (100 pM) synergized with fenoterol to prevent PDGF- and collagen I-induced phenotype switching. This inhibition of ASM phenotype switching was associated with a normalization of the PDGF-induced decrease in the cell cycle inhibitors p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p57(KIP2). At this concentration, fluticasone also prevented the insulin-induced hypercontractile phenotype. At even lower concentrations, fluticasone (3 pM) synergized with fenoterol to inhibit this phenotype switch. Collectively, these findings indicate that glucocorticosteroids and β₂-agonists synergistically inhibit ASM phenotype switching, which may contribute to the increased effectiveness of combined treatment with glucocorticosteroids and β₂-agonists in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart G J Dekkers
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University Centre for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Risse F, Pesic J, Young S, Olsson LE. A texture analysis approach to quantify ventilation changes in hyperpolarised ³He MRI of the rat lung in an asthma model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:131-141. [PMID: 21739495 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical research, allergic asthma is investigated in rats sensitised with the antigen ovalbumin (OVA), followed by a challenge with aerosolised OVA to induce an inflammatory reaction of the lower airways. This causes diffuse, nonfocal ventilation defects that lead to heterogeneously distributed signal intensities in hyperpolarised (HP) (3)He MR images, which are difficult to assess directly by diagnostic grading or volumetry. Texture analysis can characterise these changes and does not require segmentation of the lung structures prior to the analysis. The aim of this work was to evaluate a texture analysis approach to quantify changes in lung ventilation in HP (3)He MRI of OVA-challenged rats. OVA-challenged animals were treated with two different compound doses to evaluate the sensitivity of the texture analysis. Four groups were investigated using HP (3)He MRI at 4.7 T: controls, vehicle-treated, and low- and high-dose budesonide-treated rats. In addition, broncho-alveolar lavage was performed and the eosinophil cell count was used as a biological reference marker. First-order texture, geometrical features and features based on second-order statistics using run-length and grey-level co-occurrence matrices were calculated. In addition, wavelet transforms were applied to compute first-order statistics on multiple scales. The texture analysis was able to show significant differences between the control and untreated vehicle groups as well as between the vehicle and treatment groups. This is in agreement with the findings of the eosinophil cell counts, which were used as a marker for the severity of inflammation. However, not all features used in the different texture analysis methods could differentiate between the treatment groups. In conclusion, texture analysis can be used to quantify changes in lung ventilation as measured with HP (3)He MRI after therapeutic intervention with budesonide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Risse
- DECS Imaging&Antibodies, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hocaoglu AB, Karaman O, Erge DO, Erbil G, Yilmaz O, Bagriyanik A, Uzuner N. Glycyrrhizin and long-term histopathologic changes in a murine model of asthma. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2011. [PMID: 24648593 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2011.11.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Licorice root has been widely used to treat bronchial asthma for many years. However, the effect of this herb on lung histopathologic features is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of oral administration of glycyrrhizin, an active constituent of licorice root, on lung histopathologic features in BALB/c mice, in which the model of chronic asthma was established. METHODS Twenty-eight BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups: control, placebo, dexamethasone, and glycyrrhizin. Mice in the treatment and placebo groups were sensitized with 2 intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin and then were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin for 30 minutes per day on 3 days each week for 8 weeks beginning on the 21st study day. In the last week of inhalational exposure, mice in the placebo group received saline and those in the treatment groups received either dexamethasone, 1 mg/kg, or glycyrrhizin, 10 mg/kg, via orogastric gavage for 7 consecutive days. Animals were humanely killed 24 hours after the last ovalbumin and drug exposure. Lung histopathologic findings were evaluated using light and electron microscopy. RESULTS As evaluated in the control, placebo, dexamethasone, and glycyrrhizin groups, respectively, the mean (SD) basement membrane thickness was 306.34 (36.91), 657.52 (98.99), 405.13 (96.1), and 465.01 (121.48) nm; subepithelial smooth muscle thickness was 7.22 (1.37), 11.24 (1.85), 5.62 (1.15), and 7.76 (1.11) μm; epithelium thickness was 19.48 (1.22), 41.62 (5.49), 22.59 (3.18), and 25.54 (4.68) μm; number of mast cells was 1.34 (0.19), 3.62 (0.5), 2.06 (0.77), and 2.77 (0.23)/16,400 μm(2); and number of goblet cells was 0.32 (0.1), 4.92 (0.82), 0.66 (0.06), and 0.98 (0.15)/100 μm. Evaluation of lung histopathologic features demonstrated that the chronic asthma model of mice was successfully established, with significantly higher numbers of goblet and mast cells and increased thickness of epithelium, basement membrane, and subepithelial smooth muscle layers (P < 0.001 for all) in the asthma group compared with in the control group. The number of goblet (P < 0.001) and mast (P < 0.02) cells and the thickness of basement membrane (P < 0.001), subepithelial smooth muscle layers (P ≤ 0.001), and epithelium of the lung (P < 0.001) were found to be significantly lower in the glycyrrhizin group compared with in the placebo group. When the glycyrrhizin and dexamethasone groups were compared, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in the histopathologic parameters, including thickness of basement membrane (P = 0.514), subepithelial smooth muscle (P = 0.054), and epithelium (P = 1.0) and number of mast (P = 0.075) and goblet (P = 0.988) cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the group receiving glycyrrhizin had amelioration of all established chronic histopathologic changes of lung in the mouse model of asthma. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of glycyrrhizin in the management of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Babayigit Hocaoglu
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Karaman
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Olmez Erge
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guven Erbil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Department of Multidisciplinary Animal Laboratory, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alper Bagriyanik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nevin Uzuner
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a central feature of asthma. It is exemplified by thickening of the lamina reticularis and structural changes to the epithelium, submucosa, smooth muscle, and vasculature of the airway wall. Airway remodeling may result from persistent airway inflammation. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an important mediator of allergic reactions and has a central role in airway inflammation and asthma-related symptoms. Anti-IgE therapies (such as omalizumab) have the potential to block an early step in the allergic cascade and therefore have the potential to reduce airway remodeling. The reduction in free IgE levels following anti-IgE therapy leads to reductions in high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expression on mast cells, basophils, and dendritic cells. This combined effect results in attenuation of several markers of inflammation, including peripheral and bronchial tissue eosinophilia and levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Considering the previously demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of anti-IgE therapy, along with results from a small study showing continued benefit after discontinuation of long-term treatment, a larger study to assess its effect on markers of airway remodeling is underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K F Rabe
- Department of Medicine, University Kiel, Kiel, Germany and Krankenhaus Grosshansdorf, Center for Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Wöhrendamm 80, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Buckland GL. Harnessing opportunities in non-animal asthma research for a 21st-century science. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:914-27. [PMID: 21875684 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of asthma is on the increase and calls for research are growing, yet asthma is a disease that scientists are still trying to come to grips with. Asthma research has relied heavily on animal use; however, in light of increasingly robust in vitro and computational models and the need to more fully incorporate the 'Three Rs' principles of Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, is it time to reassess the asthma research paradigm? Progress in non-animal research techniques is reaching a level where commitment and integration are necessary. Many scientists believe that progress in this field rests on linking disciplines to make research directly translatable from the bench to the clinic; a '21st-century' scientific approach to address age-old questions.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. Chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing, as well as variable airflow obstruction within the lung. With time, such airflow obstruction may become permanent due to remodeling. It has been treated for more than 100 years by subcutaneous immunotherapy with allergen extracts but in recent years, other forms and types of immunotherapy have been introduced. Perhaps the most successful of these to date, is sublingual immunotherapy, which has attained significant usage in European countries but has yet to make inroads into clinical practice in North America. Other mechanisms to modify the inflammatory responses of asthma have included immunotherapy with recombinant allergens, the use of allergen peptides targeting antigen-specific T cells and the administration of Toll-like receptor agonists coupled to allergen proteins. As the inflammatory responses in asthma frequently involve IgE, a modified monoclonal antibody to IgE and interfering with its binding to the IgE receptor have gained acceptance for treating severe allergic asthma. Other monoclonal antibodies or recombinant receptor antagonists are being assessed for their ability to block other contributors to the inflammatory response. Finally, attempts have been made to generate autoantibody responses to cytokines implicated in asthma. Most of these therapies aim to modify or inhibit the so-called Th 2 immune response, which is implicated in many forms of asthma, or to inhibit cytokines involved in these responses. However, an added benefit of classical immunotherapy seems to be the ability to prevent the allergic progression to new sensitivities and new forms of allergic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Warrington
- University of Manitoba, GC319, 820 Sherbook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Blumberga G, Groes L, Dahl R. SQ-standardized house dust mite immunotherapy as an immunomodulatory treatment in patients with asthma. Allergy 2011; 66:178-85. [PMID: 20883456 PMCID: PMC3039748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific immunotherapy is the only treatment with the potential to prevent progression of the allergic disease and the potential to cure patients. The immunomodulatory ability of SQ-standardized house dust mite (HDM) subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) was investigated in patients with allergic asthma. METHODS Fifty-four adults with HDM-allergic asthma were randomized 1:1 to receive SQ-standardized HDM SCIT (ALK) or placebo for 3 years. At baseline, and after 1, 2 and 3 years of treatment, the lowest possible inhaled corticosteroid dose required to maintain asthma control was determined, followed by determinations of nonspecific and HDM-allergen-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, late asthmatic reaction (LAR), immediate and late-phase skin reactions, and immunological response. RESULTS SQ-standardized HDM SCIT provided a statistically significantly higher HDM-allergen tolerance (P<0.05 vs placebo) in terms of a 1.6-fold increase in PD(20) (HDM-allergen inhalation challenge), a 60-fold increase in skin test histamine equivalent HDM-allergen concentrations, reduced immediate- and reduced or abolished late-phase skin reactions, as well as fewer patients with LAR. PD(20) (methacholine inhalation challenge) increased initially and was similar between groups. House dust mite SCIT induced an initial increase in serum HDM-allergen-specific IgE (P=0.028 vs placebo), which then declined to baseline value. House dust mite SCIT induced an increase in components blocking IgE binding to allergen [ΔIgE-blocking factor: 0.31; 95% CI of (0.26; 0.37)] after 1 year that remained constant after 2 and 3 years (P < 0.0001 vs placebo). CONCLUSION SQ-standardized HDM SCIT induced a consistent immunomodulatory effect in adults with HDM-allergic asthma; the humoral immune response was changed and the HDM-allergen tolerance in lung and skin increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Blumberga
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abeynaike L, Meeusen EN, Bischof RJ. An ovine tracheal explant culture model for allergic airway inflammation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:46. [PMID: 20804555 PMCID: PMC2940870 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background The airway epithelium is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthmatic disease. However, much of our understanding of airway epithelial cell function in asthma has been derived from in vitro studies that may not accurately reflect the interactive cellular and molecular pathways active between different tissue constituents in vivo. Methods Using a sheep model of allergic asthma, tracheal explants from normal sheep and allergic sheep exposed to house dust mite (HDM) allergen were established to investigate airway mucosal responses ex vivo. Explants were cultured for up to 48 h and tissues were stained to identify apoptotic cells, goblet cells, mast cells and eosinophils. The release of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α) by cultured tracheal explants, was assessed by ELISA. Results The general morphology and epithelial structure of the tracheal explants was well maintained in culture although evidence of advanced apoptosis within the mucosal layer was noted after culture for 48 h. The number of alcian blue/PAS positive mucus-secreting cells within the epithelial layer was reduced in all cultured explants compared with pre-cultured (0 h) explants, but the loss of staining was most evident in allergic tissues. Mast cell and eosinophil numbers were elevated in the allergic tracheal tissues compared to naïve controls, and in the allergic tissues there was a significant decline in mast cells after 24 h culture in the presence or absence of HDM allergen. IL-6 was released by allergic tracheal explants in culture but was undetected in cultured control explants. Conclusions Sheep tracheal explants maintain characteristics of the airway mucosa that may not be replicated when studying isolated cell populations in vitro. There were key differences identified in explants from allergic compared to control airways and in their responses in culture for 24 h. Importantly, this study establishes the potential for the application of tracheal explant cultures in relevant ex vivo investigations on the therapeutic and mechanistic modalities of asthmatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latasha Abeynaike
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pegorier S, Campbell GA, Kay AB, Lloyd CM. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 and BMP-7 regulate differentially transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF). Respir Res 2010; 11:85. [PMID: 20573231 PMCID: PMC2898775 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway remodelling is thought to be under the control of a complex group of molecules belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-superfamily. The Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) belong to this family and have been shown to regulate fibrosis in kidney and liver diseases. However, the role of BMPs in lung remodelling remains unclear. BMPs may regulate tissue remodelling in asthma by controlling TGF-β-induced profibrotic functions in lung fibroblasts. Methods Cell cultures were exposed to TGF-β1 alone or in the presence of BMP-4 or BMP-7; control cultures were exposed to medium only. Cell proliferation was assessed by quantification of the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine. The expression of the mRNA encoding collagen type I and IV, tenascin C and fibronectin in normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) was determined by real-time quantitative PCR and the main results were confirmed by ELISA. Cell differentiation was determined by the analysis of the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The effect on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity was assessed by zymography. Results We have demonstrated TGF-β1 induced upregulation of mRNAs encoding the extracellular matrix proteins, tenascin C, fibronectin and collagen type I and IV when compared to unstimulated NHLF, and confirmed these results at the protein level. BMP-4, but not BMP-7, reduced TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix protein production. TGF-β1 induced an increase in the activity of the pro-form of MMP-2 which was inhibited by BMP-7 but not BMP-4. Both BMP-4 and BMP-7 downregulated TGF-β1-induced MMP-13 release compared to untreated and TGF-β1-treated cells. TGF-β1 also induced a myofibroblast-like transformation which was partially inhibited by BMP-7 but not BMP-4. Conclusions Our study suggests that some regulatory properties of BMP-7 may be tissue or cell type specific and unveil a potential regulatory role for BMP-4 in the regulation of lung fibroblast function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Pegorier
- Leukocyte Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Venge P. The eosinophil and airway remodelling in asthma. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2010; 4 Suppl 1:15-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2010.00192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
40
|
Said SI, Hamidi SA, Gonzalez Bosc L. Asthma and pulmonary arterial hypertension: do they share a key mechanism of pathogenesis? Eur Respir J 2010; 35:730-4. [PMID: 20356986 PMCID: PMC2963099 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00097109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although largely distinct and seemingly unrelated, asthma and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have important pathological features in common, including inflammation, smooth muscle contraction and remodelling. We hypothesised that these common features could be explained by one shared mechanism of pathogenesis: activation of the transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells). If this concept is validated, it could lead to the introduction of novel therapeutic strategies against both lung disorders. In several experimental models, airway remodelling is accompanied by remodelling of smaller pulmonary arteries, validating the hypothesis of their similar pathogenesis. In addition, lungs of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) knockout mice express airway hyperresponsiveness with airway inflammation and PAH with vascular remodelling, with both sets of pathological findings being reversible with VIP treatment. Preliminary data suggest that absence of the VIP gene leads to activation of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway, and that VIP is probably a physiological inhibitor of this pathway. Enough evidence exists to support the views that asthma and PAH share important pathological features, probably related to NFAT activation, and that VIP may be a physiological modulator of this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S I Said
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 , USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The lungs are a major site of entry of pathogens into the body and thus require rapid and effective innate responses to prevent pathogens establishing infection and to limit their spread. Additionally, the immune response in the lung must be tightly regulated such that pathogens are cleared, but immunopathology and chronic inflammation are prevented. In this review, I consider the role of natural killer (NK) cells in pulmonary infection and inflammation, specifically their contributions to influenza, tuberculosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which are major causes of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Despite evidence of the importance of NK cells in these diseases, there are still major gaps in our understanding of how their function is regulated in this unique tissue environment. Understanding how different beneficial and detrimental effector functions of NK cells are triggered will be crucial if NK cells are to be exploited therapeutically in respiratory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Culley
- Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W21PG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The lung, like many other organs, is innervated by a variety of sensory nerves and by nerves of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems that regulate the function of cells within the respiratory tract. Activation of sensory nerves by both mechanical and chemical stimuli elicits a number of defensive reflexes, including cough, altered breathing pattern, and altered autonomic drive, which are important for normal lung homeostasis. However, diseases that afflict the lung are associated with altered reflexes, resulting in a variety of symptoms, including increased cough, dyspnea, airways obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the physiological role of different sensory nerve subtypes that innervate the lung, the factors which lead to their activation, and pharmacological approaches that have been used to interrogate the function of these nerves. This information may potentially facilitate the identification of novel drug targets for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as cough, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Collapse
|
43
|
Gregory LG, Causton B, Murdoch JR, Mathie SA, O'Donnell V, Thomas CP, Priest FM, Quint DJ, Lloyd CM. Inhaled house dust mite induces pulmonary T helper 2 cytokine production. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:1597-610. [PMID: 19545261 PMCID: PMC3385347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled house dust mite (HDM) results in T-helper (TH) 2 type pathology in unsensitized mice, in conjunction with airway hyperreactivity and airway remodelling. However, the pulmonary cytokine and chemokine profile has not been reported. METHODS We have performed a time course analysis of the characteristic molecular mediators and cellular influx in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung in order to define the pulmonary inflammatory response to inhaled HDM extract. Mice were exposed five times a week to soluble HDM extract for 3 weeks. Lung function was measured in groups of mice at intervals following the final HDM challenge. Recruitment of inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediator production was then assessed in BAL and lungs of individual mice. RESULTS We found that Th2 cytokines were significantly increased in BAL and lung after HDM challenge from as early as 2 h post-final challenge. The levels of cytokines and chemokines correlated with the influx of eosinophils and Th2 cells to the different compartments of the lung. However, the production of key cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 preceded the increase in airways resistance. CONCLUSION Inhaled HDM challenge induces a classical Th2 inflammatory mediator profile in the BAL and lung. These data are important for studies determining the efficacy of novel treatment strategies for allergic airways disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L G Gregory
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Murdoch JR, Lloyd CM. Chronic inflammation and asthma. Mutat Res 2009; 690:24-39. [PMID: 19769993 PMCID: PMC2923754 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a complex and chronic inflammatory disorder which is associated with airway hyper-responsiveness and tissue remodelling of the airway structure. Although originally thought to be a Th2-driven inflammatory response to inhaled innocuous allergen, the immune response in asthma is now considered highly heterogeneous. There are now various in vivo systems which have been designed to examine the pathways leading to the development of this chronic immune response and reflect, in part this heterogeneity. Furthermore, the emergence of endogenous immunoregulatory pathways and active pro-resolving mediators hold great potential for future therapeutic intervention. In this review, the key cellular and molecular mediators relating to chronic allergic airway disease are discussed, as well as emerging players in the regulation of chronic allergic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Murdoch
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gordon IO, Cipriani N, Arif Q, Mackinnon AC, Husain AN. Update in nonneoplastic lung diseases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2009; 133:1096-105. [PMID: 19642736 DOI: 10.5858/133.7.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonneoplastic lung diseases include a wide range of pathologic disorders from asthma to interstitial lung disease to pulmonary hypertension. Recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of many of these disorders may ultimately impact diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. It is important for the practicing pathologist to be aware of this new information and to understand how it impacts the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of these diseases. OBJECTIVE To update current progress toward elucidating the pathophysiology of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as to present classification systems for pulmonary hypertension, asthma, and interstitial lung disease and describe how these advances relate to the current practice of pulmonary pathology. DATA SOURCES Published literature from PubMed (National Library of Medicine) and primary material from the authors' institution. CONCLUSIONS Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary hypertension, and idiopathic hemosiderosis may impact the role of the surgical pathologist. New markers of disease may need to be assessed by immunohistochemistry or molecular techniques. The classification systems for interstitial lung disease, asthma, and pulmonary hypertension are evolving, and surgical pathologists should consider the clinicopathologic context of their diagnoses of these entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilyssa O Gordon
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Systems biology is being increasingly used to probe the underlying pathophysiology of asthma, although serious challenges remain to decipher the physiologic significance of the information revealed in these studies relating to gene expression and regulatory gene networks often used to understand gene-gene interactions. One phenotypic change characteristic of asthma is increased airway irritability, or bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) which is still poorly understood. While the precise mechanism(s) remain(s) to be identified, a number of hypotheses have been posited to account for this phenomenon, including airways inflammation, alteration in airway smooth muscle function, and airway remodeling. However, the role of sensory nerves in this phenomenon has received scant attention yet offers a potentially new target for the development of novel drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Spina
- The Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science Division, 5th Floor Hodgkin Building, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Allen JE, Bischof RJ, Sucie Chang HY, Hirota JA, Hirst SJ, Inman MD, Mitzner W, Sutherland TE. Animal models of airway inflammation and airway smooth muscle remodelling in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009; 22:455-65. [PMID: 19393759 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 12/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease that involves chronic inflammation and subsequent decline in airway function. The widespread use of animal models has greatly contributed to our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways underlying human allergic asthma. Animal models of allergic asthma include smaller animal models which offer 'ease of use' and availability of reagents, and larger animal models that may be used to address aspects of allergic airways disease not possible in humans or smaller animal models. This review examines the application and suitability of various animal models for studying mechanisms of airway inflammation and tissue remodelling in allergic asthma, with a specific focus on airway smooth muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Allen
- Ashworth Laboratory, Institute of Infection and Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sutherland TE, Maizels RM, Allen JE. Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins: potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of T-helper type 2 allergies. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:943-55. [PMID: 19400900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian chitinase and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) are a family of mediators increasingly associated with infection, T cell-mediated inflammation, wound healing, allergy and asthma. Although our current knowledge of the function of mammalian chitinases and CLPs is very limited, important information can be deduced from research carried out in lower organisms, and in different immunopathological conditions. Enzymatically active mammalian chitinase proteins may have evolved to degrade the copious amounts of chitin mammals are exposed to on a daily basis, and to form an innate barrier to chitin-containing organisms. CLPs are homologous to chitinases but lack the ability to degrade chitin. It is most striking that both chitinases and CLPs are up-regulated in T-helper type 2 (Th2)-driven conditions, and the first evidence is now emerging that these proteins may accentuate Th2 reactivity, and possibly contribute to the repair process that follows inflammation. Following studies demonstrating that chitinase inhibition leads to an attenuated allergic response, several strategies are being used to develop enzyme inhibitors for therapeutic use in human diseases. In this review, we will summarize recent insights into the effects of chitinases and CLPs in the context of Th2-dominated pathology with particular focus on allergy and asthma, discussing whether chitinase enzyme inhibitors may be of therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T E Sutherland
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Heidenfelder BL, Reif DM, Harkema JR, Cohen Hubal EA, Hudgens EE, Bramble LA, Wagner JG, Morishita M, Keeler GJ, Edwards SW, Gallagher JE. Comparative microarray analysis and pulmonary changes in Brown Norway rats exposed to ovalbumin and concentrated air particulates. Toxicol Sci 2009; 108:207-21. [PMID: 19176365 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between air particulates and genetic susceptibility has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. The overall objective of this study was to determine the effects of inhalation exposure to environmentally relevant concentrated air particulates (CAPs) on the lungs of ovalbumin (ova) sensitized and challenged Brown Norway rats. Changes in gene expression were compared with lung tissue histopathology, morphometry, and biochemical and cellular parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Ova challenge was responsible for the preponderance of gene expression changes, related largely to inflammation. CAPs exposure alone resulted in no significant gene expression changes, but CAPs and ova-exposed rodents exhibited an enhanced effect relative to ova alone with differentially expressed genes primarily related to inflammation and airway remodeling. Gene expression data was consistent with the biochemical and cellular analyses of the BALF, the pulmonary pathology, and morphometric changes when comparing the CAPs-ova group to the air-saline or CAPs-saline group. However, the gene expression data were more sensitive than the BALF cell type and number for assessing the effects of CAPs and ova versus the ova challenge alone. In addition, the gene expression results provided some additional insight into the TGF-beta-mediated molecular processes underlying these changes. The broad-based histopathology and functional genomic analyses demonstrate that exposure to CAPs exacerbates rodents with allergic inflammation induced by an allergen and suggests that asthmatics may be at increased risk for air pollution effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Heidenfelder
- Human Studies Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kohan M, Breuer R, Berkman N. Osteopontin induces airway remodeling and lung fibroblast activation in a murine model of asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 41:290-6. [PMID: 19151319 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0307oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a central feature of asthma; however, the mechanisms underlying its development have not been fully elucidated. We have demonstrated that osteopontin, an inflammatory cytokine and an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with profibrotic properties, is up-regulated in a murine model of allergen-induced airway remodeling. In the present study, we determined whether osteopontin plays a functional role in airway remodeling. Osteopontin (OPN)-deficient (OPN(-/-)) and wild-type mice were sensitized and exposed to inhaled ovalbumin (OVA) or saline for 5 weeks. Collagen production, peribronchial smooth muscle area, mucus-producing cell number, and bronchoalveolar cell counts were assessed. The functional behavior and phenotype of lung fibroblasts from OVA-treated OPN(-/-) and from wild-type mice were studied using ex vivo cultures. OVA-treated OPN(-/-) mice exhibited reduced lung collagen content, smooth muscle area, mucus-producing cells, and inflammatory cell accumulation as compared with wild-type mice. Reduced matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and vascular endothelial growth factor were observed in OVA-treated OPN(-/-) mice. Lung fibroblasts from OVA-treated OPN(-/-) mice showed reduced proliferation, migration, collagen deposition, and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in comparison with OVA-treated wild-type lung fibroblasts. Thus, OPN is key for the development of allergen-induced airway remodeling in mice. In response to allergen, OPN induces the switching of lung fibroblasts to a pro-fibrogenic myofibroblast phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kohan
- Lung Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Pulmonology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|