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Tielemans B, Wagenaar A, Belge C, Delcroix M, Quarck R. Pulmonary arterial hypertension drugs can partially restore altered angiogenic capacities in bmpr2-silenced human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12293. [PMID: 37790139 PMCID: PMC10543474 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (bmpr2) gene and signaling pathway impairment are observed in heritable and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In PAH, endothelial dysfunction is currently handled by drugs targeting the endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), and prostacyclin (PGI2) pathways. The role of angiogenesis in the disease process and the effect of PAH therapies on dysregulated angiogenesis remain inconclusive. We aim to investigate in vitro whether (i) bmpr2 silencing can impair angiogenic capacity of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) and (ii) PAH therapies can restore them. The effects of macitentan (ET-1), tadalafil (NO), and selexipag (PGI2), on BMPRII pathway activation, endothelial barrier function, and angiogenesis were investigated in bmpr2-silenced HLMVECs. Stable bmpr2 silencing resulted in impaired migration and tube formation in vitro capacity. Inhibition of ET-1 pathway was able to partially restore tube formation in bmpr2-silenced HLMVECs, whereas none of the therapies was able to restore endothelial barrier function, no deleterious effects were observed. Our findings highlight the potential role of BMPRII signaling pathway in driving pulmonary endothelial cell angiogenesis. In addition, PAH drugs display limited effects on endothelial function when BMPRII is impaired, suggesting that innovative therapeutic strategies targeting BMPRII signaling are needed to better rescue endothelial dysfunction in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birger Tielemans
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA) & Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and PathologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Allard Wagenaar
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA)University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Catharina Belge
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA) & Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, University HospitalsUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marion Delcroix
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA) & Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, University HospitalsUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Rozenn Quarck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA) & Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, University HospitalsUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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2
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Ozen G, Benyahia C, Amgoud Y, Patel J, Abdelazeem H, Bouhadoun A, Yung S, Li F, Mahieddine Y, Silverstein AM, Castier Y, Cazes A, Longrois D, Clapp LH, Norel X. Interaction between PGI2 and ET-1 pathways in vascular smooth muscle from Group-III pulmonary hypertension patients. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 146:106388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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3
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Perioperative Considerations in Pediatric Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2019; 57:25-41. [PMID: 31503094 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Wang Y, Chen S, Du J. Bosentan for Treatment of Pediatric Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: State-of-the-Art. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:302. [PMID: 31396496 PMCID: PMC6663967 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a complex disease associated with progressive deterioration. Targeted therapy for IPAH has improved in the last several decades. However, there remain many challenges to current treatment of children with IPAH, including poor prognosis and a median survival of 0.8 years. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) appears to be a key mediator in the pathogenesis of IPAH, with elevated concentrations in the plasma. Bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, has been confirmed in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to effectively treat IPAH when administered in recent studies. This review focuses on related studies and advance of bosentan in the treatment of IPAH in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Selena Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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5
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HONDA J, KIMURA T, SAKAI S, MARUYAMA H, TAJIRI K, MURAKOSHI N, HOMMA S, MIYAUCHI T, AONUMA K. The Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide Improves Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice Partly via Normalization of Reduced ETB Receptor Expression. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S175-S184. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide is an incretin hormone mimetic used in the treatment of diabetes. However, the effects of liraglutide on pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary endothelin (ET) system are unknown. Eight-week-old C57BL6/J mice were injected liraglutide or vehicle for 5 weeks. One week after injection, the mice were exposed to either room air (normoxia) or chronic hypoxia (10 % O2) for 4 weeks. The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was significantly higher in hypoxia + vehicle group than in normoxia + vehicle group. ET-1 mRNA expression in the lungs was comparable among all the groups. ETB mRNA and protein expression in the lungs was significantly lower in hypoxia + vehicle group than in normoxia + vehicle group. The above changes were normalized by liraglutide treatment. The expression of phospho-eNOS and phospho-AMPK proteins in the lungs was significantly higher in hypoxia + liraglutide group than in normoxia + vehicle group. We demonstrated for the first time that liraglutide effectively improved RVSP and RV hypertrophy in hypoxia-induced PH mice by activating eNOS through normalization of impaired ETB pathway and augmentation of AMPK pathway. Therefore, GLP-1R agonists can be promising therapeutic agents for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T. KIMURA
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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6
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Ribeiro de Campos PT, Lopes AA, Issa VS, Aiello VD. Morphologic and immunohistochemical features of pulmonary vasculopathy in end-stage left ventricular systolic failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:422-425. [PMID: 29198927 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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7
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Gien J, Tseng N, Seedorf G, Kuhn K, Abman SH. Endothelin-1-Rho kinase interactions impair lung structure and cause pulmonary hypertension after bleomycin exposure in neonatal rat pups. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1090-L1100. [PMID: 27760762 PMCID: PMC5206397 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00066.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the chronic lung disease associated with premature birth, characterized by impaired vascular and alveolar growth. In neonatal rats bleomycin decreases lung growth and causes pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is poorly responsive to nitric oxide. In the developing lung, through Rho kinase (ROCK) activation, ET-1 impairs endothelial cell function; however, whether ET-1-ROCK interactions contribute to impaired vascular and alveolar growth in experimental BPD is unknown. Neonatal rats were treated daily with intraperitoneal bleomycin with and without selective ETA (BQ123/BQ610) and ETB (BQ788) receptor blockers, nonselective ET receptor blocker (ETRB) (bosentan), or fasudil (ROCK inhibitor). At day 14, lungs were harvested for morphometrics, and measurements of Fulton's index (RV/LV+S), medial wall thickness (MWT), and vessel density. Lung ET-1 protein and ROCK activity (phospho-MYPT-1:total MYPT-1 ratio) were also measured by Western blot analysis. Bleomycin increased lung ET-1 protein expression by 65%, RV/LV+S by 60%, mean linear intercept (MLI) by 212%, and MWT by 140% and decreased radial alveolar count (RAC) and vessel density by 40 and 44%, respectively (P < 0.01 for each comparison). After bleomycin treatment, fasudil and bosentan partially restored RAC and vessel density and decreased MLI, RV/LV+S, and MWT to normal values. Bleomycin increased ROCK activity by 120%, which was restored to normal values by bosentan but not selective ETRB. We conclude that ET-1-ROCK interactions contribute to decreased alveolar and vascular growth and PH in experimental BPD. We speculate that nonselective ETRB and ROCK inhibitors may be effective in the treatment of infants with BPD and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gien
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado;
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nancy Tseng
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gregory Seedorf
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katherine Kuhn
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Steven H Abman
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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8
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Southwood M, MacKenzie Ross RV, Kuc RE, Hagan G, Sheares KK, Jenkins DP, Goddard M, Davenport AP, Pepke-Zaba J. Endothelin ETA receptors predominate in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Life Sci 2016; 159:104-110. [PMID: 26874031 PMCID: PMC5000546 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelin-1 levels are raised in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Our aim in this study was to identify the presence of endothelin receptors in patients with CTEPH by analysing tissue removed at pulmonary endarterectomy. MAIN METHODS Pulmonary endarterectomy tissue cross-sections were analysed using autoradiography with [(125)I]-ET-1 using ligands selective for ETA or ETB to determine sub-type distribution. The precise cellular localisation of ETA and ETB receptors was determined using selective antisera to both sub-types and compared with haematoxylin and eosin, Elastic Van Gieson and smooth muscle actin labelled sections. KEY FINDINGS Two patterns of ET-1 binding were found. In sections with frequent recanalised channels, ET-1 bound to the smooth muscle cells surrounding the channels. In sections where there was less organised thrombus with no obvious re-canalisation, minimal ET-1 binding was observed. Some contractile type smooth muscle cells not associated with recanalised channels and diffusely spread throughout the PEA material were associated with ET receptor antibody binding on immunohistochemistry. There was a greater expression of the ETA receptor type in the specimens. SIGNIFICANCE The presence of ET-1 receptors in the chronic thrombus in proximal CTEPH suggests ET-1 could act not only on the distal vasculopathy in the unobstructed vessels but may also stimulate smooth muscle cell proliferation within chronic clot. The abundance of ET receptors within the tissue provides evidence that the ET pathway is involved in the pathology of chronic thrombus reorganisation leading to CTEPH providing a rationale for the repurposing of ET receptor antagonists in the treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Southwood
- Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK,; Experimental Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rhoda E Kuc
- Experimental Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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9
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Abman SH, Hansmann G, Archer SL, Ivy DD, Adatia I, Chung WK, Hanna BD, Rosenzweig EB, Raj JU, Cornfield D, Stenmark KR, Steinhorn R, Thébaud B, Fineman JR, Kuehne T, Feinstein JA, Friedberg MK, Earing M, Barst RJ, Keller RL, Kinsella JP, Mullen M, Deterding R, Kulik T, Mallory G, Humpl T, Wessel DL. Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension: Guidelines From the American Heart Association and American Thoracic Society. Circulation 2015; 132:2037-99. [PMID: 26534956 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is associated with diverse cardiac, pulmonary, and systemic diseases in neonates, infants, and older children and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. However, current approaches to caring for pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension have been limited by the lack of consensus guidelines from experts in the field. In a joint effort from the American Heart Association and American Thoracic Society, a panel of experienced clinicians and clinician-scientists was assembled to review the current literature and to make recommendations on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension. This publication presents the results of extensive literature reviews, discussions, and formal scoring of recommendations for the care of children with pulmonary hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Diagnostic Imaging/methods
- Disease Management
- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
- Genetic Counseling
- Heart Defects, Congenital/complications
- Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/complications
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/therapy
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Lung/embryology
- Lung Transplantation
- Nitric Oxide/administration & dosage
- Nitric Oxide/therapeutic use
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
- Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome/diagnosis
- Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome/therapy
- Postoperative Complications/therapy
- Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects
- Respiration, Artificial/methods
- Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury/prevention & control
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10
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Clapp LH, Gurung R. The mechanistic basis of prostacyclin and its stable analogues in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Role of membrane versus nuclear receptors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:56-71. [PMID: 25917921 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of distal pulmonary arteries in which patients suffer from elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, extensive vascular remodelling and right ventricular failure. To date prostacyclin (PGI2) therapy remains the most efficacious treatment for PAH and is the only approved monotherapy to have a positive impact on long-term survival. A key thing to note is that improvement exceeds that predicted from vasodilator testing strongly suggesting that additional mechanisms contribute to the therapeutic benefit of prostacyclins in PAH. Given these agents have potent antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and endothelial regenerating properties suggests therapeutic benefit might result from a slowing, stabilization or even some reversal of vascular remodelling in vivo. This review discusses evidence that the pharmacology of each prostacyclin (IP) receptor agonist so far developed is distinct, with non-IP receptor targets clearly contributing to the therapeutic and side effect profile of PGI2 (EP3), iloprost (EP1), treprostinil (EP2, DP1) along with a family of nuclear receptors known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), to which PGI2 and some analogues directly bind. These targets are functionally expressed to varying degrees in arteries, veins, platelets, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells and are likely to be involved in the biological actions of prostacylins. Recently, a highly selective IP agonist, selexipag has been developed for PAH. This agent should prove useful in distinguishing IP from other prostanoid receptors or PPAR binding effects in human tissue. It remains to be determined whether selectivity for the IP receptor gives rise to a superior or inferior clinical benefit in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie H Clapp
- Department of Medicine, UCL, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Rijan Gurung
- Department of Medicine, UCL, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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11
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Estudio del polimorfismo K198N en el gen EDN1 en pacientes afectados con hipertensión arterial pulmonar. Med Clin (Barc) 2015; 144:348-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Chaumais MC, Guignabert C, Savale L, Jaïs X, Boucly A, Montani D, Simonneau G, Humbert M, Sitbon O. Clinical pharmacology of endothelin receptor antagonists used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2015; 15:13-26. [PMID: 25421754 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-014-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating life-threatening disorder characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance leading to elevated pulmonary arterial pressures, right ventricular failure, and ultimately death. Vascular endothelial cells mainly produce and secrete endothelin (ET-1) in vessels that lead to a potent and long-lasting vasoconstrictive effect in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Along with its strong vasoconstrictive action, ET-1 can promote smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thus, ET-1 blockers have attracted attention as an antihypertensive drug, and the ET-1 signaling system has paved a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of PAH. We outline the current understanding of not only the pathogenic role played by ET-1 signaling systems in the pathogenesis of PH but also the clinical pharmacology of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) used in the treatment of PAH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
- Drug Interactions
- Drug Therapy, Combination/adverse effects
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists/adverse effects
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists/pharmacokinetics
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Endothelins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Endothelins/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/immunology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Models, Biological
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Practice Guidelines as Topic
- Pulmonary Circulation/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vasculitis/etiology
- Vasculitis/prevention & control
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13
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Endothelin-1 driven proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells is c-fos dependent. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:137-48. [PMID: 25016214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by enhanced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation leading to vascular remodeling. Although, multiple factors have been associated with pathogenesis of PH the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we hypothesize that already very short exposure to hypoxia may activate molecular cascades leading to vascular remodeling. Microarray studies from lung homogenates of mice exposed to only 3h of hypoxia revealed endothelin-1 (ET-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as the most upregulated genes, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as the most differentially regulated pathway. Evaluation of these results in vitro showed that ET-1 but not CTGF stimulation of human PASMCs increased DNA synthesis and expression of proliferation markers such as Ki67 and cell cycle regulator, cyclin D1. Moreover, ET-1 treatment elevated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)-dependent c-fos expression and phosphorylation of c-fos and c-jun transcription factors. Silencing of c-fos with siRNA abrogated the ET-1-induced proliferation of PASMCs. Expression and immunohistochemical analyses revealed higher levels of total and phosphorylated c-fos and c-jun in the vessel wall of lung samples of human idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patents, hypoxia-exposed mice and monocrotaline-treated rats as compared to control subjects. These findings shed the light on the involvement of c-fos/c-jun in the proliferative response of PASMCs to ET-1 indicating that already very short hypoxia exposure leads to the regulation of mediators involved in vascular remodeling underlying PH.
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14
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Toney BM, Fisher AJ, Albrecht M, Lockett AD, Presson RG, Petrache I, Lahm T. Selective endothelin-A receptor blockade attenuates endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular dysfunction. Pulm Circ 2014; 4:300-10. [PMID: 25006449 DOI: 10.1086/675993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 is a potent mediator of sepsis-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). The pulmonary vascular effects of selective blockade of endothelin receptor subtype A (ETAR) during endotoxemia remain unknown. We hypothesized that selective ETAR antagonism attenuates endotoxin-induced PH and improves pulmonary artery (PA) vasoreactivity. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-450 g) received lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Salmonella typhimurium; 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle 6 hours before hemodynamic assessment and tissue harvest. The selective ETAR antagonist sitaxsentan (10 or 20 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected intravenously 3 hours after receipt of LPS. Right ventricular systolic pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), oxygenation (P/F ratio), and serum bicarbonate were measured. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell differential and lung wet-to-dry ratios were obtained. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxations were determined in isolated PA rings. PA interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA) were measured. LPS caused PH, decreased MAP, CO, and serum bicarbonate, and increased PA IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA. Sitaxsentan attenuated sepsis-induced PH and increased MAP. The P/F ratio, CO, serum bicarbonate, and BAL neutrophilia were not affected by sitaxsentan. In isolated PA rings, while not affecting phenylephrine-induced vasocontraction or endothelium-dependent relaxation, sitaxsentan dose-dependently attenuated LPS-induced alterations in endothelium-independent relaxation. PA cytokine mRNA levels were not significantly attenuated by ETAR blockade. We conclude that ETAR blockade attenuates endotoxin-induced alterations in systemic and PA pressures without negatively affecting oxygenation. This protective effect appears to be mediated not by attenuation of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, acidosis, or alveolar inflammation but rather by improved endothelium-independent vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Toney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda J Fisher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marjorie Albrecht
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Angelia D Lockett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert G Presson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA ; Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA ; Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA ; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tim Lahm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA ; Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA ; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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15
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Karakeci A, Firdolas F, Ozan T, Unus I, Ogras MS, Orhan I. Second pathways in the pathophysiology of ischemic priapism and treatment alternatives. Urology 2013; 82:625-9. [PMID: 23987157 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the early therapeutic alternatives such as bosentan, an endothelin receptor blocker, theophylline, an adenosin receptor blocker, and a nonselective phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a heme oxygenase 1 inhibitor, for the therapy of ischemic priapism in the rat models. METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control group, ZnPP group, bosentan group, and theophylline group. Erection was provided by vacuum constriction method and maintained for 4 hours for achieving the priapism in all groups. The rats in the control group were administered 1 mL/kg saline intraperitoneally (ip). The rats in group 2 were administered 25 mg/kg ZnPP ip. The rats in group 3 were administered 0.25 mg/kg bosentan ip. The rats in group 4 were administered 100 mg/kg theophylline ip. Six rats from each group were decapitated after 6 hours of drug administration. Then endothelin 1, adenosine deaminase, heme oxygenase 1 enzymatic activity, and apoptosis index in the cavernous tissues were estimated. RESULTS Cavernous tissue endothelin 1, adenosine deaminase, heme oxygenase 1 enzymatic activity levels, and apoptosis index were significantly decreased in bosentan, theophylline, and ZnPP-treated rats compared with the controls. CONCLUSION Inhibition of priapism induced apoptosis with bosentan, theophylline, and ZnPP seems promising on preserving erectile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Karakeci
- Department of Urology, Elazig Harput Government Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
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Gien J, Tseng N, Seedorf G, Roe G, Abman SH. Endothelin-1 impairs angiogenesis in vitro through Rho-kinase activation after chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension in fetal sheep. Pediatr Res 2013; 73. [PMID: 23202724 PMCID: PMC3767851 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Rho-kinase (ROCK) increase vascular tone in experimental persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Whether ET-1 activates ROCK to decrease angiogenesis in the developing lung remains unknown. METHODS Proximal pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) were harvested from fetal sheep after partial ligation of the ductus arteriosus in utero (PPHN) and controls. Growth and tube formation were assessed after ET-1 treatment. The effect of ET-1 antagonism on tube formation was studied using ET-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), ET-1 monoclonal antibodies (ET-1mAbs), BQ-123 (an ET(A) blocker), and bosentan (an ET(A)/ET(B) blocker). ET-1 gene and protein and ET(A)/ET(B) receptor protein expression were measured in normal and PPHN PAECs. ET-1-ROCK interactions were assessed by measuring ROCK activity after ET-1, ET-1 siRNA, and bosentan treatments, and tube formation with ET-1 and Y-27632 (ROCK inhibitor). RESULTS ET-1 did not affect growth but decreased tube formation in normal and PPHN PAECs. ET-1 protein and gene expression were increased and ET(B) receptor protein decreased in PPHN PAECs. ET-1 siRNA, ET-1mAbs, and bosentan, but not BQ-123, increased tube formation. ROCK activity was increased in PPHN PAECs and decreased with ET-1 siRNA and bosentan treatments. Y-27632 prevented the decrease in tube formation with ET-1. CONCLUSION ET-1 activation of ROCK impairs angiogenesis of fetal PAECs. Disruption of ET-1-ROCK interactions may increase vascular growth in PPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gien
- Department of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Nancy Tseng
- Department of Neonatology University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Gregory Seedorf
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Gates Roe
- Department of Neonatology University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA 80045
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Turner SW, Devereux G. Fetal ultrasound: shedding light or casting shadows on the fetal origins of airway disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:694-5. [PMID: 22467801 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201202-0180ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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18
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Park JES, Shao D, Upton PD, deSouza P, Adcock IM, Davies RJ, Morrell NW, Griffiths MJD, Wort SJ. BMP-9 induced endothelial cell tubule formation and inhibition of migration involves Smad1 driven endothelin-1 production. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30075. [PMID: 22299030 PMCID: PMC3267722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors, such as bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) II, have been implicated in a wide variety of disorders including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Similarly, endothelin-1 (ET-1), a mitogen and vasoconstrictor, is upregulated in PAH and endothelin receptor antagonists are used in its treatment. We sought to determine whether there is crosstalk between BMP signalling and the ET-1 axis in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), possible mechanisms involved in such crosstalk and functional consequences thereof. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING Using western blot, real time RT-PCR, ELISA and small RNA interference methods we provide evidence that in HPAECs BMP-9, but not BMP-2, -4 and -6 significantly stimulated ET-1 release under physiological concentrations. This release is mediated by both Smad1 and p38 MAPK and is independent of the canonical Smad4 pathway. Moreover, knocking down the ALK1 receptor or BMPR II attenuates BMP-9 stimulated ET-1 release, whilst causing a significant increase in prepro ET-1 mRNA transcription and mature peptide release. Finally, BMP-9 induced ET-1 release is involved in both inhibition of endothelial cell migration and promotion of tubule formation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Although our data does not support an important role for BMP-9 as a source of increased endothelial ET-1 production seen in human PAH, BMP-9 stimulated ET-1 production is likely to be important in angiogenesis and vascular stability. However, increased ET-1 production by endothelial cells as a consequence of BMPR II dysfunction may be clinically relevant in the pathogenesis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. S. Park
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dongmin Shao
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Upton
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia deSouza
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel J. Davies
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. D. Griffiths
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Wort
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kang WK. Is There Any Relationship between the Chronicity of Chronic Anal Fissure and Endothelin-1? JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2011; 27:221. [PMID: 22102968 PMCID: PMC3218122 DOI: 10.3393/jksc.2011.27.5.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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