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Salonen H, Salthammer T, Castagnoli E, Täubel M, Morawska L. Cleaning products: Their chemistry, effects on indoor air quality, and implications for human health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108836. [PMID: 38917624 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The use of cleaning and disinfecting products both at work and at home increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Those products often include surfactants, acids/bases, carcinogens such as chloroform, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as cyclosiloxanes, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances, which may cause harmful health effects among professional cleaners as well as among people exposed at home or in their workplaces. The aim of this study was to synthesize the effects of the commonly used chemical, surface cleaning and disinfecting products on indoor air quality, focusing on chemical and particulate matter pollutants, exposure, and human health in residential and public buildings. We also provide a summary of recommendations to avoid harmful exposure and suggest future research directions. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) were used to search the literature. Analysis of the literature revealed that the use of cleaning products and disinfectants increase occupants' exposure to a variety of harmful chemical air contaminants and to particulate matter. Occupational exposure to cleaning and disinfectant products has been linked to an increased risk of asthma and rhinitis. Residential exposure to cleaning products has been shown to have an adverse effect on respiratory health, particularly on asthma onset, and on the occurrence of asthma(-like) symptoms among children and adults. Efforts to reduce occupants' exposure to cleaning chemicals will require lowering the content of hazardous substances in cleaning products and improving ventilation during and after cleaning. Experimentally examined, best cleaning practices as well as careful selection of cleaning products can minimize the burden of harmful air pollutant exposure indoors. In addition, indirect ways to reduce exposure include increasing people's awareness of the harmfulness of cleaning chemicals and of safe cleaning practices, as well as clear labelling of cleaning and disinfecting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Salonen
- Aalto University (Aalto), Department of Civil Engineering, PO Box 12100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (WHO CC for Air Quality and Health), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Tunga Salthammer
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (WHO CC for Air Quality and Health), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Emmanuelle Castagnoli
- Aalto University (Aalto), Department of Civil Engineering, PO Box 12100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department Health Security, Environmental Health Unit, PO Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lidia Morawska
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (WHO CC for Air Quality and Health), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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Le Moual N, Dumas O, Bonnet P, Eworo Nchama A, Le Bot B, Sévin E, Pin I, Siroux V, Mandin C. Exposure to Disinfectants and Cleaning Products and Respiratory Health of Workers and Children in Daycares: The CRESPI Cohort Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105903. [PMID: 37239629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although cleaning tasks are frequently performed in daycare, no study has focused on exposures in daycares in relation to respiratory health. The CRESPI cohort is an epidemiological study among workers (n~320) and children (n~540) attending daycares. The purpose is to examine the impact of daycare exposures to disinfectants and cleaning products (DCP) on the respiratory health of workers and children. A sample of 108 randomly selected daycares in the region of Paris has been visited to collect settled dust to analyze semi-volatile organic compounds and microbiota, as well as sample indoor air to analyze aldehydes and volatile organic compounds. Innovative tools (smartphone applications) are used to scan DCP barcodes in daycare and inform their use; a database then matches the barcodes with the products' compositions. At baseline, workers/parents completed a standardized questionnaire, collecting information on DCP used at home, respiratory health, and potential confounders. Follow-up regarding children's respiratory health (monthly report through a smartphone application and biannual questionnaires) is ongoing until the end of 2023. Associations between DCP exposures and the respiratory health of workers/children will be evaluated. By identifying specific environments or DCP substances associated with the adverse respiratory health of workers and children, this longitudinal study will contribute to the improvement of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Le Moual
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Orianne Dumas
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Bonnet
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Indoor Environment Quality Unit, 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Anastasie Eworo Nchama
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Inserm, École des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Isabelle Pin
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Mandin
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Indoor Environment Quality Unit, 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France
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Association between household cleaning product profiles evaluated by the Ménag’Score® index and asthma symptoms among women from the SEPAGES cohort. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1719-1729. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chemicals inhaled from spray cleaning and disinfection products and their respiratory effects. A comprehensive review. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 229:113592. [PMID: 32810683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spray cleaning and disinfection products have been associated with adverse respiratory effects in professional cleaners and among residents doing domestic cleaning. This review combines information about use of spray products from epidemiological and clinical studies, in vivo and in vitro toxicological studies of cleaning chemicals, as well as human and field exposure studies. The most frequent chemicals in spray cleaning and disinfection products were compiled, based on registrations in the Danish Product Registry. The chemicals were divided into acids, bases, disinfectants, fragrances, organic solvents, propellants, and tensides. In addition, an assessment of selected cleaning and disinfectant chemicals in spray products was carried out. Chemicals of concern regarding respiratory effects (e.g. asthma) are corrosive chemicals such as strong acids and bases (including ammonia and hypochlorite) and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). However, the evidence for respiratory effects after inhalation of QACs is ambiguous. Common fragrances are generally not considered to be of concern following inhalation. Solvents including glycols and glycol ethers as well as propellants are generally weak airway irritants and not expected to induce sensitization in the airways. Mixing of certain cleaning products can produce corrosive airborne chemicals. We discuss different hypotheses for the mechanisms behind the development of respiratory effects of inhalation of chemicals in cleaning agents. An integrative assessment is needed to understand how these chemicals can cause the various respiratory effects.
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Dumas O, Le Moual N. Damaging effects of household cleaning products on the lungs. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 14:1-4. [PMID: 31682770 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1689123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orianne Dumas
- Inserm, U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France.,Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, F-78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Nicole Le Moual
- Inserm, U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France.,Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, F-78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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Abstract
Background: Cleaning and disinfecting agents are widely used in modern life, in homes, schools, public places, and workplaces as well as in recreational facilities such as swimming pools. Use has been for sanitizing purposes and to assist in reduction of infection as well as for deodorizing purposes. However, adverse respiratory effects have been associated with use of cleaning products ranging from effects in infancy and early childhood up to adults at home and work. Methods: This review summarizes recent published literature on the effects of cleaning agents used pre-natally, in childhood and adult life, at home, work, and in swimming pools. Results: Several studies have indicated that there is an increased risk of developing asthma among adults with frequent exposure to cleaning products at work and in the home. Potential mechanisms include sensitization and respiratory irritant effects. Exposure to irritant chlorine by-products from swimming pools have also been associated with respiratory effects and increased risk of asthma. Potential effects from maternal exposures to cleaning products on infants, and effects on early childhood atopy are less clear. Conclusions: Exposure to cleaning agents increases relative risks of asthma among workers, and adults using these agents in the home. Risks are also increased with exposure to chlorinated by-products from swimming pools, both in adults and children. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of these associations.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review summarizes the recent literature on the relation between chronic workplace irritant exposures and asthma, focusing on exposures of low to moderate levels. We discuss results from epidemiological surveys, potential biological mechanisms, and needs for further research. These aspects are largely illustrated by studies on exposure to cleaning products. RECENT FINDINGS Recent results from nine population-based and workplace-based epidemiological studies, mostly cross-sectional, found an increased risk of both new-onset and work-exacerbated asthma among participants exposed to moderate level of irritants and/or cleaning products. SUMMARY Evidence of a causal effect of chronic workplace irritant exposure in new-onset asthma remains limited, mainly because of a lack of longitudinal studies and the difficulty to evaluate irritant exposures. However, recent epidemiological studies strengthen the evidence of an effect of chronic exposure to irritants in work-related asthma. The underlying mechanism remains unknown but may be related to oxidative stress, neurogenic inflammation and dual irritant and adjuvant effects. However, disentangling chronic irritant effects from either acute irritant-induced asthma or immunological low molecular weight agent-induced asthma is difficult for some agents. Further research is needed to improve assessment of irritant exposures and identify biomarkers.
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Dumas O, Matran R, Zerimech F, Decoster B, Huyvaert H, Ahmed I, Le Moual N, Nadif R. Occupational exposures and fluorescent oxidation products in 723 adults of the EGEA study. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:258-61. [PMID: 25837036 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00177614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Orianne Dumas
- INSERM U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases, Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, France Channing Division of Network Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Dept of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Farid Zerimech
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Helene Huyvaert
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ismail Ahmed
- INSERM UMR 1181 «Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases» (B2PHI), Villejuif, France Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR 1181, B2PHI, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Nicole Le Moual
- INSERM U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases, Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Rachel Nadif
- INSERM U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases, Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France Univ Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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