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Ma L, Yu J, Fu Y, He X, Ge S, Jia R, Zhuang A, Yang Z, Fan X. The dual role of cellular senescence in human tumor progression and therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e695. [PMID: 39161800 PMCID: PMC11331035 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, one of the hallmarks of cancer, is characterized by cell cycle arrest and the loss of most normal cellular functions while acquiring a hypersecretory, proinflammatory phenotype. The function of senescent cells in cancer cells varies depending on the cellular conditions. Before the occurrence of cancer, senescent cells act as a barrier to prevent its development. But once cancer has occurred, senescent cells play a procancer role. However, few of the current studies have adequately explained the diversity of cellular senescence across cancers. Herein, we concluded the latest intrinsic mechanisms of cellular senescence in detail and emphasized the senescence-associated secretory phenotype as a key contributor to heterogeneity of senescent cells in tumor. We also discussed five kinds of inducers of cellular senescence and the advancement of senolytics in cancer, which are drugs that tend to clear senescent cells. Finally, we summarized the various effects of senescent cells in different cancers and manifested that their functions may be diametrically opposed under different circumstances. In short, this paper contributes to the understanding of the diversity of cellular senescence in cancers and provides novel insight for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yidian Fu
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of OphthalmologyNinth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghaiChina
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Melo-Narváez MC, Bramey N, See F, Heinzelmann K, Ballester B, Steinchen C, Jain E, Federl K, Hu Q, Dhakad D, Behr J, Eickelberg O, Yildirim AÖ, Königshoff M, Lehmann M. Stimuli-Specific Senescence of Primary Human Lung Fibroblasts Modulates Alveolar Stem Cell Function. Cells 2024; 13:1129. [PMID: 38994981 PMCID: PMC11240317 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for chronic lung diseases (CLDs) including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Accordingly, hallmarks of aging like cellular senescence are increased in these patients in different lung cell types including fibroblasts. However, little is known about the different triggers that induce a senescence phenotype in different disease backgrounds and its role in CLD pathogenesis. Therefore, we characterized senescence in primary human lung fibroblasts (phLF) from control, IPF, or COPD patients at baseline and after exposure to disease-relevant insults (H2O2, bleomycin, TGF-β1) and studied their capacity to support progenitor cell potential in a lung organoid model. Bulk-RNA sequencing revealed that phLF from IPF and COPD activate different transcriptional programs but share a similar senescence phenotype at baseline. Moreover, H2O2 and bleomycin but not TGF-β1 induced senescence in phLF from different disease origins. Exposure to different triggers resulted in distinct senescence programs in phLF characterized by different SASP profiles. Finally, co-culture with bleomycin- and H2O2-treated phLF reduced the progenitor cell potential of alveolar epithelial progenitor cells. In conclusion, phLF from COPD and IPF share a conserved senescence response that varies depending on the insult and impairs alveolar epithelial progenitor capacity ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Melo-Narváez
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.-N.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (E.J.); (D.D.); (A.Ö.Y.)
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nora Bramey
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.-N.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (E.J.); (D.D.); (A.Ö.Y.)
| | - Fenja See
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.-N.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (E.J.); (D.D.); (A.Ö.Y.)
| | - Katharina Heinzelmann
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.-N.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (E.J.); (D.D.); (A.Ö.Y.)
| | - Beatriz Ballester
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.-N.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (E.J.); (D.D.); (A.Ö.Y.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera—CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carina Steinchen
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.-N.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (E.J.); (D.D.); (A.Ö.Y.)
| | - Eshita Jain
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.-N.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (E.J.); (D.D.); (A.Ö.Y.)
| | - Kathrin Federl
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.-N.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (E.J.); (D.D.); (A.Ö.Y.)
| | - Qianjiang Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (Q.H.); (O.E.); (M.K.)
| | - Deepesh Dhakad
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.-N.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (E.J.); (D.D.); (A.Ö.Y.)
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Munich, Medical Faculty of the LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (Q.H.); (O.E.); (M.K.)
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.-N.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (E.J.); (D.D.); (A.Ö.Y.)
- Institute of Experimental Pneumology, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (Q.H.); (O.E.); (M.K.)
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.C.M.-N.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (E.J.); (D.D.); (A.Ö.Y.)
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Lung Aging and Regeneration, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Jha SK, De Rubis G, Devkota SR, Zhang Y, Adhikari R, Jha LA, Bhattacharya K, Mehndiratta S, Gupta G, Singh SK, Panth N, Dua K, Hansbro PM, Paudel KR. Cellular senescence in lung cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102315. [PMID: 38679394 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer stands as the primary contributor to cancer-related fatalities worldwide, affecting both genders. Two primary types exist where non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounts for 80-85% and SCLC accounts for 10-15% of cases. NSCLC subtypes include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Smoking, second-hand smoke, radon gas, asbestos, and other pollutants, genetic predisposition, and COPD are lung cancer risk factors. On the other hand, stresses such as DNA damage, telomere shortening, and oncogene activation cause a prolonged cell cycle halt, known as senescence. Despite its initial role as a tumor-suppressing mechanism that slows cell growth, excessive or improper control of this process can cause age-related diseases, including cancer. Cellular senescence has two purposes in lung cancer. Researchers report that senescence slows tumor growth by constraining multiplication of impaired cells. However, senescent cells also demonstrate the pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is widely reported to promote cancer. This review will look at the role of cellular senescence in lung cancer, describe its diagnostic markers, ask about current treatments to control it, look at case studies and clinical trials that show how senescence-targeting therapies can be used in lung cancer, and talk about problems currently being faced, and possible solutions for the same in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Shankar Raj Devkota
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yali Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Radhika Adhikari
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Laxmi Akhileshwar Jha
- Naraina Vidya Peeth Group of Institutions, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 0208020, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India; Royal School of Pharmacy, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
| | - Samir Mehndiratta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Nisha Panth
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Bramey N, Melo-Narvaez MC, See F, Ballester-Lllobell B, Steinchen C, Jain E, Hafner K, Yildirim AÖ, Königshoff M, Lehmann M. Stimuli-specific senescence of primary human lung fibroblasts modulates alveolar stem cell function. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3879423. [PMID: 38352619 PMCID: PMC10862971 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3879423/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for chronic lung diseases (CLDs) including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Accordingly, hallmarks of aging such as cellular senescence are present in different lung cell types such as fibroblasts in these patients. However, whether the senescent phenotype of fibroblasts derived from IPF or COPD patients differs is still unknown. Therefore, we characterized senescence at baseline and after exposure to disease-relevant insults (H 2 O 2 , bleomycin, and TGF-β1) in cultured primary human lung fibroblasts (phLF) from control donors, IPF, or COPD patients. We found that phLF from different disease-origins have a low baseline senescence. H 2 O 2 and bleomycin treatment induced a senescent phenotype in phLF, whereas TGF-β1 had primarily a pro-fibrotic effect. Notably, we did not observe any differences in susceptibility to senescence induction in phLF based on disease origin, while exposure to different stimuli resulted in distinct senescence programs in phLF. Moreover, senescent phLF reduced colony formation efficiency of distal alveolar epithelial progenitor cells in a stimuli-dependent manner. In conclusion, the senescent phenotype of phLF is mainly determined by the senescence inducer and impairs alveolar epithelial progenitor capacity in vitro .
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Herath D, Even B, Oranger M, Foresti R, Papy D, Boyer L, Boczkowski J, Dagouassat M. Secreted phospholipase A2 XIIA triggers a mitochondrial damage-induced senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:129-140. [PMID: 37257701 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Lung fibroblast senescence is involved in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the mechanisms underlining this phenomenon are still poorly understood. Secreted phospholipases (sPLA2, a subclass of phospholipases) are secreted by senescent cells and can in turn induce senescence. However, their role in fibroblasts senescence in COPD is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the role of sPLA2 in pulmonary fibroblast senescence. METHODS Fibroblasts were isolated from patients with COPD and control subjects, and senescence markers and inflammatory profile was analyzed. sPLA2 levels were quantified in serum of COPD and controls. MAIN RESULTS In comparison with non-smokers and smoker controls, senescent lung COPD fibroblasts exhibited a higher mRNA and protein expression of the sPLA2 isoform XIIA and of syndecan 4 (one of its receptors). sPLA2 XIIA induced in turn senescence of non-senescent pulmonary fibroblasts via a pathway involving consecutively syndecan 4, activation of MAPK and p-serine 727 STAT-3, increased mitochondrial ROS production, and activation of AMPK/p53. This pathway was associated with a specific inflammatory secretome (IL-10, IL-12 and TNFα), globally suggesting occurrence of a mitochondrial damage-induced senescence. COPD fibroblasts were more susceptible to this sPLA2 XIIA effect than cells from controls subjects. sPLA2 XIIA levels were significantly higher in serum from COPD patients as compared to controls. CONCLUSION sPLA2 XIIA is involved in senescence in COPD and could be a potential target to dampen this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushki Herath
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
| | - Benjamin Even
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
| | | | - Roberta Foresti
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
| | | | - Laurent Boyer
- AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, Service de Physiologie Explorations Fonctionnelles, F-94010, Creteil, France.
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France; AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, Antenne de Pneumologie, F-94010, Creteil, France.
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Suki B, Bates JHT, Bartolák-Suki E. Remodeling of the Aged and Emphysematous Lungs: Roles of Microenvironmental Cues. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3559-3574. [PMID: 35766835 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a slow process that affects all organs, and the lung is no exception. At the alveolar level, aging increases the airspace size with thicker and stiffer septal walls and straighter and thickened collagen and elastic fibers. This creates a microenvironment that interferes with the ability of cells in the parenchyma to maintain normal homeostasis and respond to injury. These changes also make the lung more susceptible to disease such as emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by slow but progressive remodeling of the deep alveolar regions that leads to airspace enlargement and increased but disorganized elastin and collagen deposition. This remodeling has been attributed to ongoing inflammation that involves inflammatory cells and the cytokines they produce. Cellular senescence, another consequence of aging, weakens the ability of cells to properly respond to injury, something that also occurs in emphysema. These factors conspire to make alveolar walls more prone to mechanical failure, which can set emphysema in motion by driving inflammation through immune stimulation by protein fragments. Both aging and emphysema are influenced by microenvironmental conditions such as local inflammation, chemical makeup, tissue stiffness, and mechanical stresses. Although aging and emphysema are not equivalent, they have the potential to influence each other in synergistic ways; aging sets up the conditions for emphysema to develop, while emphysema may accelerate cellular senescence and thus aging itself. This article focuses on the similarities and differences between the remodeled microenvironment of the aging and emphysematous lung, with special emphasis on the alveolar septal wall. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3559-3574, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason H T Bates
- Depatment of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Murata K, Fujita N, Takahashi R. Ninjinyoeito ameliorated cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptosis and inflammation through JNK signaling inhibition in human lung fibroblasts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:96. [PMID: 35361188 PMCID: PMC8973640 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for various lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ninjinyoeito (NYT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been prescribed for patients with post-illness or post-operative weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, rash, cold limbs, and anemia. In addition to its traditional use, NYT has been prescribed for treating frailty in gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary functions. Further, NYT treatment can ameliorate cigarette smoke-induced lung injury, which is a destructive index in mice; however, the detailed underlying mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether NYT ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced cell injury and inflammation in human lung fibroblasts and determine its mechanism of action. METHODS We prepared a cigarette smoke extract (CSE) from commercially available cigarettes to induce cell injury and inflammation in the human lung fibroblast cell line HFL1. The cells were pretreated with NYT for 24 h prior to CSE exposure. Cytotoxicity and cell viability were measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay and cell counting kit (CCK)-8. IL-8 level in the cell culture medium was measured by performing Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). To clarify the mechanisms of NYT, we used CellROX Green Reagent for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and western blotting analysis for cell signaling. RESULTS Exposure of HFL1 cells to CSE for 24 h induced apoptosis and interleukin (IL)-8 release. Pretreatment with NYT inhibited apoptosis and IL-8 release. Furthermore, CSE exposure for 24 h increased the production of ROS and phosphorylation levels of p38 and JNK. Pretreatment with NYT only inhibited CSE-induced JNK phosphorylation, and not ROS production and p38 phosphorylation. These results suggest that NYT acts as a JNK-specific inhibitor. CONCLUSION NYT treatment ameliorated CSE-induced apoptosis and inflammation by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway. Finally, these results suggest that NYT may be a promising therapeutic agent for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Murata
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-machi, Takaoka-City, Toyama, 933-0856, Japan.
| | - Nina Fujita
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-machi, Takaoka-City, Toyama, 933-0856, Japan
| | - Ryuji Takahashi
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-machi, Takaoka-City, Toyama, 933-0856, Japan
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Chen XY, Chen YY, Lin W, Chen CH, Wen YC, Hsiao TC, Chou HC, Chung KF, Chuang HC. Therapeutic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Recovering From Murine Pulmonary Emphysema Under Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:713824. [PMID: 34646841 PMCID: PMC8502916 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.713824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) were shown to have potential for immunoregulation and tissue repair. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hUC-MSCs on emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The C57BL/6JNarl mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 4 months followed by administration of hUC-MSCs at 3 × 106 (low dose), 1 × 107 (medium dose), and 3 × 107 cells/kg body weight (high dose). The hUC-MSCs caused significant decreases in emphysema severity by measuring the mean linear intercept (MLI) and destructive index (DI). A decrease in neutrophils (%) and an increase in lymphocytes (%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were observed in emphysematous mice after hUC-MSC treatment. Lung levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1)/keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 significantly decreased after hUC-MSC administration. Significant reductions in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and IL-17A in serum occurred after hUC-MSC administration. Notably, the cell viability of lung fibroblasts improved with hUC-MSCs after being treated with CS extract (CSE). Furthermore, the hUC-MSCs-conditioned medium (hUC-MSCs-CM) restored the contractile force, and increased messenger RNA expressions of elastin and fibronectin by lung fibroblasts. In conclusion, hUC-MSCs reduced inflammatory responses and emphysema severity in CS-induced emphysematous mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yue Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Willie Lin
- Meridigen Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Leslie MN, Chou J, Young PM, Traini D, Bradbury P, Ong HX. How Do Mechanics Guide Fibroblast Activity? Complex Disruptions during Emphysema Shape Cellular Responses and Limit Research. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:110. [PMID: 34436113 PMCID: PMC8389228 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8080110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emphysema death toll has steadily risen over recent decades, causing the disease to become the third most common cause of death worldwide in 2019. Emphysema is currently incurable and could be due to a genetic condition (Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) or exposure to pollutants/irritants, such as cigarette smoke or poorly ventilated cooking fires. Despite the growing burden of emphysema, the mechanisms behind emphysematous pathogenesis and progression are not fully understood by the scientific literature. A key aspect of emphysematous progression is the destruction of the lung parenchyma extracellular matrix (ECM), causing a drastic shift in the mechanical properties of the lung (known as mechanobiology). The mechanical properties of the lung such as the stiffness of the parenchyma (measured as the elastic modulus) and the stretch forces required for inhalation and exhalation are both reduced in emphysema. Fibroblasts function to maintain the structural and mechanical integrity of the lung parenchyma, yet, in the context of emphysema, these fibroblasts appear incapable of repairing the ECM, allowing emphysema to progress. This relationship between the disturbances in the mechanical cues experienced by an emphysematous lung and fibroblast behaviour is constantly overlooked and consequently understudied, thus warranting further research. Interestingly, the failure of current research models to integrate the altered mechanical environment of an emphysematous lung may be limiting our understanding of emphysematous pathogenesis and progression, potentially disrupting the development of novel treatments. This review will focus on the significance of emphysematous lung mechanobiology to fibroblast activity and current research limitations by examining: (1) the impact of mechanical cues on fibroblast activity and the cell cycle, (2) the potential role of mechanical cues in the diminished activity of emphysematous fibroblasts and, finally, (3) the limitations of current emphysematous lung research models and treatments as a result of the overlooked emphysematous mechanical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew N. Leslie
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (M.N.L.); (P.M.Y.); (D.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Healthy and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Joshua Chou
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Paul M. Young
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (M.N.L.); (P.M.Y.); (D.T.)
- Department of Marketing, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (M.N.L.); (P.M.Y.); (D.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Healthy and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Peta Bradbury
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (M.N.L.); (P.M.Y.); (D.T.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumoral Development Group, UMR168—Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; (M.N.L.); (P.M.Y.); (D.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Healthy and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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10
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Rajasekar P, Patel J, Clifford RL. DNA Methylation of Fibroblast Phenotypes and Contributions to Lung Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081977. [PMID: 34440746 PMCID: PMC8391838 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are an integral part of connective tissue and play a crucial role in developing and modulating the structural framework of tissues by acting as the primary source of extracellular matrix (ECM). A precise definition of the fibroblast remains elusive. Lung fibroblasts orchestrate the assembly and turnover of ECM to facilitate gas exchange alongside performing immune functions including the secretion of bioactive molecules and antigen presentation. DNA methylation is the covalent attachment of a methyl group to primarily cytosines within DNA. DNA methylation contributes to diverse cellular phenotypes from the same underlying genetic sequence, with DNA methylation profiles providing a memory of cellular origin. The lung fibroblast population is increasingly viewed as heterogeneous with between 6 and 11 mesenchymal populations identified across health and lung disease to date. DNA methylation has been associated with different lung fibroblast populations in health and with alterations in lung disease, but to varying extents. In this review, we will discuss lung fibroblast heterogeneity and the evidence for a contribution from DNA methylation to defining cell populations and alterations in disease.
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11
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Sevilla-Montero J, Labrousse-Arias D, Fernández-Pérez C, Fernández-Blanco L, Barreira B, Mondéjar-Parreño G, Alfaro-Arnedo E, López IP, Pérez-Rial S, Peces-Barba G, Pichel JG, Peinado VI, Cogolludo Á, Calzada MJ. Cigarette Smoke Directly Promotes Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling and Kv7.4 Channel Dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1290-1305. [PMID: 33306938 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201911-2238oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cigarette smoke is considered the chief leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Its impact on the progressive deterioration of airways has been extensively studied, but its direct effects on the pulmonary vasculature are less known. Objectives: To prove that pulmonary arterial remodeling in patients with COPD is not just a consequence of alveolar hypoxia but also due to the direct effects of cigarette smoke on the pulmonary vascular bed. Methods: We have used different molecular and cell biology approaches, as well as traction force microscopy, wire myography, and patch-clamp techniques in human cells and freshly isolated pulmonary arteries. In addition, we relied on in vivo models and human samples to analyze the effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary vascular tone alterations. Measurements and Main Results: Cigarette smoke extract exposure directly promoted a hypertrophic, senescent phenotype that in turn contributed, through the secretion of inflammatory molecules, to an increase in the proliferative potential of nonexposed cells. Interestingly, these effects were significantly reversed by antioxidants. Furthermore, cigarette smoke extract affected cell contractility and dysregulated the expression and activity of the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv7.4. This contributed to the impairment of vasoconstriction and vasodilation responses. Most importantly, the levels of this channel were diminished in the lungs of smoke-exposed mice, smokers, and patients with COPD. Conclusions: Cigarette smoke directly contributes to pulmonary arterial remodeling through increased cell senescence, as well as vascular tone alterations because of diminished levels and function in the Kv7.4 channel. Strategies targeting these pathways may lead to novel therapies for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sevilla-Montero
- Biomedical Research Institute La Princesa Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
- Doctoral School, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Labrousse-Arias
- Biomedical Research Institute La Princesa Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Cintia Fernández-Pérez
- Biomedical Research Institute La Princesa Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Laura Fernández-Blanco
- Biomedical Research Institute La Princesa Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Mondéjar-Parreño
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Alfaro-Arnedo
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Biomedical Research Center of La Rioja, Rioja Salud Foundation, Logroño, Spain
| | - Icíar P López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Biomedical Research Center of La Rioja, Rioja Salud Foundation, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez-Rial
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Research Unit, Biomedical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Germán Peces-Barba
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Research Unit, Biomedical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - José G Pichel
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Biomedical Research Center of La Rioja, Rioja Salud Foundation, Logroño, Spain
| | - Víctor Ivo Peinado
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Calzada
- Biomedical Research Institute La Princesa Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
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12
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Iwai M, Tulafu M, Togo S, Kawaji H, Kadoya K, Namba Y, Jin J, Watanabe J, Okabe T, Hidayat M, Sumiyoshi I, Itoh M, Koyama Y, Ito Y, Orimo A, Takamochi K, Oh S, Suzuki K, Hayashizaki Y, Yoshida K, Takahashi K. Cancer-associated fibroblast migration in non-small cell lung cancers is modulated by increased integrin α11 expression. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1507-1527. [PMID: 33682233 PMCID: PMC8096795 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) regulate cancer progression through the modulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cancer cell adhesion. While undergoing a series of phenotypic changes, CAFs control cancer–stroma interactions through integrin receptor signaling. Here, we isolated CAFs from patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and examined their gene expression profiles. We identified collagen type XI α1 (COL11A1), integrin α11 (ITGA11), and the ITGA11 major ligand collagen type I α1 (COL1A1) among the 390 genes that were significantly enriched in NSCLC‐associated CAFs. Increased ITGA11 expression in cancer stroma was correlated with a poor clinical outcome in patients with NSCLC. Increased expression of fibronectin and collagen type I induced ITGA11 expression in CAFs. The cellular migration of CAFs toward collagen type I and fibronectin was promoted via ERK1/2 signaling, independently of the fibronectin receptor integrin α5β1. Additionally, ERK1/2 signaling induced ITGA11 and COL11A1 expression in cancer stroma. We, therefore, propose that targeting ITGA11 and COL11A1 expressing CAFs to block cancer–stroma interactions may serve as a novel, promising anti‐tumor strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Iwai
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miniwan Tulafu
- Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Japan.,Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kadoya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Namba
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Jin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, China
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okabe
- Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moulid Hidayat
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Issei Sumiyoshi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yu Koyama
- Departments of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Departments of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Departments of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takamochi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiaki Oh
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Yoshida
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Ushakumary MG, Riccetti M, Perl AKT. Resident interstitial lung fibroblasts and their role in alveolar stem cell niche development, homeostasis, injury, and regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1021-1032. [PMID: 33624948 PMCID: PMC8235143 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing, regenerating, and repairing a lung all require interstitial resident fibroblasts (iReFs) to direct the behavior of the epithelial stem cell niche. During lung development, distal lung fibroblasts, in the form of matrix-, myo-, and lipofibroblasts, form the extra cellular matrix (ECM), create tensile strength, and support distal epithelial differentiation, respectively. During de novo septation in a murine pneumonectomy lung regeneration model, developmental processes are reactivated within the iReFs, indicating progenitor function well into adulthood. In contrast to the regenerative activation of fibroblasts upon acute injury, chronic injury results in fibrotic activation. In murine lung fibrosis models, fibroblasts can pathologically differentiate into lineages beyond their normal commitment during homeostasis. In lung injury, recently defined alveolar niche cells support the expansion of alveolar epithelial progenitors to regenerate the epithelium. In human fibrotic lung diseases like bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dynamic changes in matrix-, myo-, lipofibroblasts, and alveolar niche cells suggest differential requirements for injury pathogenesis and repair. In this review, we summarize the role of alveolar fibroblasts and their activation stage in alveolar septation and regeneration and incorporate them into the context of human lung disease, discussing fibroblast activation stages and how they contribute to BPD, IPF, and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mereena George Ushakumary
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Riccetti
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anne-Karina T Perl
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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14
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is a feature of most somatic cells. It is characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest and by the ability to secrete a plethora of mediators of inflammation and growth factors, which can alter the senescent cell's microenvironment. Senescent cells accumulate in tissues over time and contribute to both aging and the development of age-associated diseases. Senescent cells have antagonistic pleiotropic roles in cancer. Given the inability of senescent cells to proliferate, cellular senescence is a powerful tumor suppressor mechanism in young individuals. However, accumulation of senescent stromal cells during aging can fuel cancer cell growth in virtue of their capacity to release factors that stimulate cell proliferation. Caveolin-1 is a structural protein component of caveolae, invaginations of the plasma membrane involved in a variety of cellular processes, including signal transduction. Mounting evidence over the last 10-15 years has demonstrated a central role of caveolin-1 in the development of a senescent phenotype and the regulation of both the anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic properties of cellular senescence. In this review, we discuss the cellular mechanisms and functions of caveolin-1 in the context of cellular senescence and their relevance to the biology of cancer.
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15
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Lekovic MH, Drekovic NE, Granica ND, Mahmutovic EH, Djordjevic NZ. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field induces a change in proliferative capacity and redox homeostasis of human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39466-39473. [PMID: 32651790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) by modulating oxidative-antioxidative balance in the cells achieved beneficial and harmful effects on living organisms. The aim of this study was to research changes of both proliferative capacity and redox homeostasis of human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 during exposure to ELF-EMF (50 Hz). The human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 were exposed to ELF-EMF once a day in duration of 1 h during 24 h (1 treatment 1 h/day), 48 h (2 treatments 1 h/day), 72 h (3 treatments 1 h/day), and 7 days (7 treatments 1 h/day). After 24 h of the last treatment, the proliferative capacity of the cells and the concentrations and activities of the components of the oxidative/antioxidative system were determined: superoxide anion (O2.-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The results of this study show that ELF-EMF may affect a cell cycle regulation of human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 through modulation of oxidative/antioxidative defense system. The effects of ELF-EMF on proliferation and redox balance of human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 depend on exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maida H Lekovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadzica bb, Novi Pazar, 36300, Serbia
| | - Nerkesa E Drekovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadzica bb, Novi Pazar, 36300, Serbia
| | - Nihat Dz Granica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadzica bb, Novi Pazar, 36300, Serbia
| | - Elvis H Mahmutovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadzica bb, Novi Pazar, 36300, Serbia
| | - Natasa Z Djordjevic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadzica bb, Novi Pazar, 36300, Serbia.
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16
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Melo-Narváez MC, Stegmayr J, Wagner DE, Lehmann M. Lung regeneration: implications of the diseased niche and ageing. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/157/200222. [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0222-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most chronic and acute lung diseases have no cure, leaving lung transplantation as the only option. Recent work has improved our understanding of the endogenous regenerative capacity of the lung and has helped identification of different progenitor cell populations, as well as exploration into inducing endogenous regeneration through pharmaceutical or biological therapies. Additionally, alternative approaches that aim at replacing lung progenitor cells and their progeny through cell therapy, or whole lung tissue through bioengineering approaches, have gained increasing attention. Although impressive progress has been made, efforts at regenerating functional lung tissue are still ineffective. Chronic and acute lung diseases are most prevalent in the elderly and alterations in progenitor cells with ageing, along with an increased inflammatory milieu, present major roadblocks for regeneration. Multiple cellular mechanisms, such as cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction, are aberrantly regulated in the aged and diseased lung, which impairs regeneration. Existing as well as new human in vitro models are being developed, improved and adapted in order to study potential mechanisms of lung regeneration in different contexts. This review summarises recent advances in understanding endogenous as well as exogenous regeneration and the development of in vitro models for studying regenerative mechanisms.
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17
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Korfei M, MacKenzie B, Meiners S. The ageing lung under stress. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/156/200126. [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0126-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy ageing of the lung involves structural changes but also numerous cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic alterations. Among them are the age-related decline in central cellular quality control mechanisms such as redox and protein homeostasis. In this review, we would like to provide a conceptual framework of how impaired stress responses in the ageing lung, as exemplified by dysfunctional redox and protein homeostasis, may contribute to onset and progression of COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We propose that age-related imbalanced redox and protein homeostasis acts, amongst others (e.g.cellular senescence), as a “first hit” that challenges the adaptive stress-response pathways of the cell, increases the level of oxidative stress and renders the lung susceptible to subsequent injury and disease. In both COPD and IPF, additional environmental insults such as smoking, air pollution and/or infections then serve as “second hits” which contribute to persistently elevated oxidative stress that overwhelms the already weakened adaptive defence and repair pathways in the elderly towards non-adaptive, irremediable stress thereby promoting development and progression of respiratory diseases. COPD and IPF are thus distinct horns of the same devil, “lung ageing”.
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18
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Kulshrestha R, Singh H, Pandey A, Soundarya D, Jaggi AS, Ravi K. Differential expression of caveolin-1 during pathogenesis of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165802. [PMID: 32311453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a relatively new entity within the spectrum of cigarette smoke induced lung disorders. Currently there is no consensus about its treatment. We hypothesized that caveolin-1 critically determines the parenchymal and vascular remodeling leading to the development of CPFE. We assessed the effect of therapeutic targeting of caveolin-1 in mesenchymal and endothelial cells by the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 168) were exposed to; room air (control); bleomycin (7 U/kg), bleomycin+sildenafil (50 mg/kg/day P.O.), cigarette smoke (CS) (4 Gold Flake 69 mm/day), CS + sildenafil, CS + bleomycin, CS + bleomycin+sildenafil. Animals were euthanized at 8, 9, 11, 12 weeks and lung histopathological changes, collagen deposition, ROS, Xanthine oxidase, caveolin-1 determined. RESULTS Cigarette smoke causes progressive ROS accumulation, caveolin-1 up-regulation in alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, peribronchiolar fibroblasts, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, interstitial inflammation and emphysema. Sildenafil reduces oxidative stress, parenchymal caveolin-1 and attenuates emphysema caused by CS. Bleomycin increases lung ROS and downregulates caveolin-1 leading to fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis. Combined cigarette smoke and bleomycin exposure, results in differential caveolin-1 expression and heterogeneous parenchymal remodeling with alternating areas of emphysema and fibrosis. Increased caveolin-1 induces premature senescence of lung fibroblasts and emphysema. Decreased caveolin-1 is associated with propagation of EMT and fibrosis. Sildenafil attenuates the parenchymal remodeling however it is not effective in reducing VSMC hypertrophy in combined group. CONCLUSION CPFE is characterized by heterogenous parenchymal remodeling and differential caveolin-1 expression. Sildenafil therapy attenuates parenchymal pathologies in CPFE. Additional therapy is however needed for attenuating VSMC remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kulshrestha
- Department of Pathology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - H Singh
- Department of Pathology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - A Pandey
- Department of Pathology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - D Soundarya
- Department of Pathology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - A S Jaggi
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - K Ravi
- Department of Physiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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19
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Hamsanathan S, Alder JK, Sellares J, Rojas M, Gurkar AU, Mora AL. Cellular Senescence: The Trojan Horse in Chronic Lung Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:21-30. [PMID: 30965013 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0410tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a cell fate decision characterized by irreversible arrest of proliferation accompanied by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Traditionally, cellular senescence has been recognized as a beneficial physiological mechanism during development and wound healing and in tumor suppression. However, in recent years, evidence of negative consequences of cellular senescence has emerged, illuminating its role in several chronic pathologies. In this context, senescent cells persist or accumulate and have detrimental consequences. In this review, we discuss the possibility that in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, persistent senescence impairs wound healing in the lung caused by secretion of proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors and exhaustion of progenitor cells. In contrast, in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic senescence in alveolar epithelial cells exacerbates the accumulation of senescent fibroblasts together with production of extracellular matrix. We review how cellular senescence may contribute to lung disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- 2 Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and.,3 Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases
| | - Jacobo Sellares
- 4 Interstitial Lung Disease Program, Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5 Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes CB06/06/0028), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- 2 Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and.,3 Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases.,6 McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, and
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- 1 Aging Institute.,7 Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine.,8 Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ana L Mora
- 1 Aging Institute.,2 Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and.,9 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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20
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Jin J, Togo S, Kadoya K, Tulafu M, Namba Y, Iwai M, Watanabe J, Nagahama K, Okabe T, Hidayat M, Kodama Y, Kitamura H, Ogura T, Kitamura N, Ikeo K, Sasaki S, Tominaga S, Takahashi K. Pirfenidone attenuates lung fibrotic fibroblast responses to transforming growth factor-β1. Respir Res 2019; 20:119. [PMID: 31185973 PMCID: PMC6558902 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pirfenidone, an antifibrotic agent used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), functions by inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation, which is involved in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced IPF pathogenesis. However, unlike normal lung fibroblasts, the relationship between pirfenidone responses of TGF-β1-induced human fibrotic lung fibroblasts and lung fibrosis has not been elucidated. METHODS The effects of pirfenidone were evaluated in lung fibroblasts isolated from fibrotic human lung tissues after TGF-β1 exposure. The ability of two new pharmacological targets of pirfenidone, collagen triple helix repeat containing protein 1(CTHRC1) and four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2), to mediate contraction of collagen gels and migration toward fibronectin were assessed in vitro. RESULTS Compared to control lung fibroblasts, pirfenidone significantly restored TGF-β1-stimulated fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction, migration, and CTHRC1 release in lung fibrotic fibroblasts. Furthermore, pirfenidone attenuated TGF-β1- and CTHRC1-induced fibroblast activity, upregulation of bone morphogenic protein-4(BMP-4)/Gremlin1, and downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and FHL2, similar to that observed post-CTHRC1 inhibition. In contrast, FHL2 inhibition suppressed migration and fibronectin expression, but did not downregulate CTHRC1. CONCLUSIONS Overall, pirfenidone suppressed fibrotic fibroblast-mediated fibrotic processes via inverse regulation of CTHRC1-induced lung fibroblast activity. Thus, CTHRC1 can be used for predicting pirfenidone response and developing new therapeutic targets for lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Kadoya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miniwan Tulafu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yukiko Namba
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomiokahigashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan
| | - Moe Iwai
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kumi Nagahama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okabe
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Moulid Hidayat
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideya Kitamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomiokahigashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomiokahigashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan
| | - Norikazu Kitamura
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tominaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 -1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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21
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Okuda R, Aoshiba K, Matsushima H, Ogura T, Okudela K, Ohashi K. Cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype: comparison of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:857-864. [PMID: 31019774 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.02.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) develops due to cellular senescence during conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, studies comparing the degree of cellular senescence and SASP between COPD and IPF are limited. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, no study has examined cellular senescence and/or SASP in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). Methods To compare the degree of cellular senescence among COPD, IPF, and CTD-ILD, tissue samples from surgical lung biopsies or noncancerous tissue from lobectomy specimens of patients with lung cancer were subjected to immunostaining for p16 and p21. Double-staining for p16 and phosphorylated NF-κB was performed to verify the relationship between cellular senescence and SASP. Results There was a greater degree of enhancement of p16 and p21 expression in patients with IPF than in those with COPD and controls. Immunostaining for p16 revealed an enhanced expression of this marker in patients with COPD compared with that in controls. No significant differences were observed in the phosphorylated NF-κB expression rate of p16-positive and p16-negative cells among patients with IPF, CTD-ILD, and COPD. Conclusions Epithelial cells in patients with IPF express higher levels of both cellular senescence and SASP than those in patients with COPD or controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Matsushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Okudela
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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22
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Miyazaki K, Oyanagi J, Hoshino D, Togo S, Kumagai H, Miyagi Y. Cancer cell migration on elongate protrusions of fibroblasts in collagen matrix. Sci Rep 2019; 9:292. [PMID: 30670761 PMCID: PMC6342997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play critical roles in the tumor progression. However, it remains unclear how cancer cells migrate in the three-dimensional (3D) matrix of cancer tissues and how CAFs support the cancer invasion. Here we propose a novel mechanism of fibroblast-dependent cancer cell invasion in the 3D collagen matrix. Human cancer cell lines from the pancreas (Panc-1), lung (A549) and some other organs actively adhered to normal fibroblasts and primary lung CAFs in cultures. To show its significance in tumor invasion, we designed a new invasion assay in which homogeneous microspheroids consisting of cancer cells and fibroblasts were embedded into collagen gel. Time-lapse experiments showed that cancer cells adhered to and quickly migrated on the long protrusions of fibroblasts in the 3D collagen matrix. Fibroblast-free cancer cells poorly invaded the matrix. Experiments with function-blocking antibodies, siRNAs, and immunocytochemistry demonstrated that cancer cells adhered to fibroblasts through integrin α5β1-mediated binding to fibronectin on the surface of fibroblasts. Immunochemical analyses of the co-cultures and lung cancers suggested that cancer cells could acquire the migratory force by the fibronectin/integrin signaling. Our results also revealed that the fibroblast-bound fibronectin was a preferential substrate for cancer cells to migrate in the collagen matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Miyazaki
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan. .,Division of Cell Biology, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan.
| | - Jun Oyanagi
- Division of Cell Biology, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan.,Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hoshino
- Cancer Cell Biology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kumagai
- Kumagai Fellow laboratory, Innovative Technology Research Center, Technology General Division, AGC Inc, 1150 Hazawa-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8515, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan
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23
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Guerrina N, Traboulsi H, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and the Maintenance of Lung Health. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3882. [PMID: 30563036 PMCID: PMC6320801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of what is known about the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) centers on its ability to mediate the deleterious effects of the environmental toxicant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; dioxin). However, the AhR is both ubiquitously-expressed and evolutionarily-conserved, suggesting that it evolved for purposes beyond strictly mediating responses to man-made environmental toxicants. There is growing evidence that the AhR is required for the maintenance of health, as it is implicated in physiological processes such as xenobiotic metabolism, organ development and immunity. Dysregulation of AhR expression and activity is also associated with a variety of disease states, particularly those at barrier organs such as the skin, gut and lungs. The lungs are particularly vulnerable to inhaled toxicants such as cigarette smoke. However, the role of the AhR in diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-a respiratory illness caused predominately by cigarette smoking-and lung cancer remains largely unexplored. This review will discuss the growing body of literature that provides evidence that the AhR protects the lungs against the damaging effects of cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necola Guerrina
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Hussein Traboulsi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - David H Eidelman
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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24
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Even B, Fayad-Kobeissi S, Gagliolo JM, Motterlini R, Boczkowski J, Foresti R, Dagouassat M. Heme oxygenase-1 induction attenuates senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lung fibroblasts by protecting against mitochondria dysfunction. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12837. [PMID: 30341816 PMCID: PMC6260925 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with lung fibroblast senescence, a process characterized by an irreversible proliferation arrest associated with secretion of inflammatory mediators. ROS production, known to induce senescence, is increased in COPD fibroblasts and mitochondria dysfunction participates in this process. Among the battery of cellular responses against oxidative stress damage, heme oxygenase (HO)‐1 plays a critical role in defending the lung against oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, we investigated whether pharmacological induction of HO‐1 by chronic hemin treatment attenuates senescence and improves dysfunctional mitochondria in COPD fibroblasts. Fibroblasts from smoker controls (S‐C) and COPD patients were isolated from lung biopsies. Fibroblasts were long‐term cultured in the presence or absence of hemin, and/or ZnPP or QC‐15 (HO‐1 inhibitors). Lung fibroblasts from smokers and COPD patients displayed in long‐term culture a senescent phenotype, characterized by a reduced replicative capacity, an increased senescence and inflammatory profile. These parameters were significantly higher in senescent COPD fibroblasts which also exhibited decreased mitochondrial activity (respiration, glycolysis, and ATP levels) which led to an increased production of ROS, and mitochondria biogenesis and impaired mitophagy process. Exposure to hemin increased the gene and protein expression level of HO‐1 in fibroblasts and diminished ROS levels, senescence, the inflammatory profile and simultaneously rescued mitochondria dysfunction by restoring mitophagy in COPD cells. The effects of hemin were abolished by a cotreatment with ZnPP or QC‐15. We conclude that HO‐1 attenuates senescence in COPD fibroblasts by protecting, at least in part, against mitochondria dysfunction and restoring mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Even
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04; Créteil France
- Université Paris Est; Faculté de Médecine; Créteil France
| | - Sarah Fayad-Kobeissi
- Université Paris Est; Faculté de Médecine; Créteil France
- Inserm U955, Equipe 12; Créteil France
| | - Jean-Marie Gagliolo
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04; Créteil France
- Université Paris Est; Faculté de Médecine; Créteil France
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- Université Paris Est; Faculté de Médecine; Créteil France
- Inserm U955, Equipe 12; Créteil France
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04; Créteil France
- Université Paris Est; Faculté de Médecine; Créteil France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DHU A-TVB, Antenne de Pneumologie; Service de Réanimation Médicale; Créteil France
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Université Paris Est; Faculté de Médecine; Créteil France
- Inserm U955, Equipe 12; Créteil France
| | - Maylis Dagouassat
- Inserm U955, Equipe 04; Créteil France
- Université Paris Est; Faculté de Médecine; Créteil France
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25
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Kadota T, Fujita Y, Yoshioka Y, Araya J, Kuwano K, Ochiya T. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype: Insights into the pathophysiology of lung diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 60:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Li A, Liu Y, Zhu X, Sun X, Feng X, Li D, Zhang J, Zhu M, Zhao Z. Protective effect of methylallyl sulfone in the development of cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptosis in rats and HFL-1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Parasaram V, Nosoudi N, Chowdhury A, Vyavahare N. Pentagalloyl glucose increases elastin deposition, decreases reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinase activity in pulmonary fibroblasts under inflammatory conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:24-29. [PMID: 29550472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emphysema is characterized by degradation of lung alveoli that leads to poor airflow in lungs. Irreversible elastic fiber degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity leads to loss of elasticity and drives the progression of this disease. We investigated if a polyphenol, pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) can increase elastin production in pulmonary fibroblasts. We also studied the effect of PGG treatment in reducing MMP activity and ROS levels in cells. We exposed rat pulmonary fibroblasts to two different types of inflammatory environments i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to mimic the disease. Parameters like lysyl oxidase (LOX) and elastin gene expression, MMP-9 activity in the medium, lysyl oxidase (LOX) activity and ROS levels were studied to assess the effect of PGG on pulmonary fibroblasts. CSE inhibited lysyl oxidase (LOX) enzyme activity that resulted in a decreased elastin formation. Similarly, TNF-α treated cells showed less elastin in the cell layers. Both these agents caused increase in MMP activity and ROS levels in cells. However, when supplemented with PGG treatment along with these two inflammatory agents, we saw a significant increase in elastin deposition, reduction in both MMP activity and ROS levels. Thus PGG, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant properties coupled with its ability to aid in elastic fiber formation, can be a multifunctional drug to potentially arrest the progression of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasim Nosoudi
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, OH, United States
| | - Aniqa Chowdhury
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC, United States
| | - Naren Vyavahare
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC, United States.
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28
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29
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Reduced proliferation capacity of lung cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 52:249-255. [DOI: 10.1007/s00391-018-1377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Senescent cells have the capacity to both effect and limit fibrosis. Senotherapeutics target senescent cells to improve aging conditions. Here, we review the contexts in which senescent cells mediate wound healing and fibrotic pathology and the potential utility of senotherapeutic drugs for treatment of fibrotic disease. RECENT FINDINGS Multi-action and temporal considerations influence deleterious versus beneficial actions of senescent cells. Acutely generated senescent cells can limit proliferation, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contains factors that can facilitate tissue repair. Long-lived senescent cells that evade clearance or are generated outside of programmed remodeling can deplete the progenitor pool to exhaust regenerative capacity and through the SASP, stimulate continual activation, leading to disorganized tissue architecture, fibrotic damage, sterile inflammation, and induction of bystander senescence. Senescent cells contribute to fibrotic pathogenesis in multiple tissues, including the liver, kidney, and lung. Senotherapeutics may be a viable strategy for treatment of a range of fibrotic conditions.
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31
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Boudewijn IM, Faiz A, Steiling K, van der Wiel E, Telenga ED, Hoonhorst SJM, Ten Hacken NHT, Brandsma CA, Kerstjens HAM, Timens W, Heijink IH, Jonker MR, de Bruin HG, Sebastiaan Vroegop J, Pasma HR, Boersma WG, Wielders P, van den Elshout F, Mansour K, Spira A, Lenburg ME, Guryev V, Postma DS, van den Berge M. Nasal gene expression differentiates COPD from controls and overlaps bronchial gene expression. Respir Res 2017; 18:213. [PMID: 29268739 PMCID: PMC5740586 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasal gene expression profiling is a promising method to characterize COPD non-invasively. We aimed to identify a nasal gene expression profile to distinguish COPD patients from healthy controls. We investigated whether this COPD-associated gene expression profile in nasal epithelium is comparable with the profile observed in bronchial epithelium. Methods Genome wide gene expression analysis was performed on nasal epithelial brushes of 31 severe COPD patients and 22 controls, all current smokers, using Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Arrays. We repeated the gene expression analysis on bronchial epithelial brushes in 2 independent cohorts of mild-to-moderate COPD patients and controls. Results In nasal epithelium, 135 genes were significantly differentially expressed between severe COPD patients and controls, 21 being up- and 114 downregulated in COPD (false discovery rate < 0.01). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed significant concordant enrichment of COPD-associated nasal and bronchial gene expression in both independent cohorts (FDRGSEA < 0.001). Conclusion We identified a nasal gene expression profile that differentiates severe COPD patients from controls. Of interest, part of the nasal gene expression changes in COPD mimics differentially expressed genes in the bronchus. These findings indicate that nasal gene expression profiling is potentially useful as a non-invasive biomarker in COPD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT01351792 (registration date May 10, 2011), ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT00848406 (registration date February 19, 2009), ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT00807469 (registration date December 11, 2008). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0696-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse M Boudewijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Alen Faiz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Katrina Steiling
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erica van der Wiel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eef D Telenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Susan J M Hoonhorst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nick H T Ten Hacken
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, section Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Huib A M Kerstjens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, section Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, section Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marnix R Jonker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, section Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harold G de Bruin
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, section Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Henk R Pasma
- Medical Center Leeuwarden, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Wim G Boersma
- Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Wielders
- Catharina Hospital, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Khaled Mansour
- Orbis Concern, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Sittard, the Netherlands
| | - Avrum Spira
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Ikari J, Nelson AJ, Obaid J, Giron-Martinez A, Ikari K, Makino F, Iwasawa S, Gunji Y, Farid M, Wang X, Basma H, Demeo D, Feghali-Bostwick C, Holz O, Rabe K, Liu X, Rennard SI. Reduced microRNA-503 expression augments lung fibroblast VEGF production in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184039. [PMID: 28880936 PMCID: PMC5589164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression may contribute to COPD pathogenesis. In COPD, lung fibroblast repair functions are altered in multiple ways, including extracellular mediator release. Our prior study revealed miR-503 expression is decreased in COPD lung fibroblasts, although the exact role played by miR-503 is undetermined. The current study examined a role of miR-503 in cytokine, growth factor and fibronectin production by lung fibroblasts from patients with and without COPD. Primary adult lung fibroblasts were isolated from patients with or without COPD. MiR-503 expression and interleukin (IL)-6, -8, PGE2, HGF, KGF, VEGF and fibronectin release were examined with or without inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. MiR-503 expression was decreased in COPD lung fibroblasts. The expression of miR-503 was positively correlated with %FVC, %FEV1, and %DLco as well as IL-6, -8, PGE2, HGF, KGF, and VEGF in the absence or presence of IL-1ß/TNF-α. In addition, IL-8 and VEGF release from COPD lung fibroblasts were increased compared to those from control. Exogenous miR-503 inhibited VEGF release from primary adult and fetal lung fibroblasts but not IL-8 release. As expected, COPD fibroblasts proliferated more slowly than control fibroblasts. MiR-503 did not affect proliferation of either control or COPD lung fibroblasts. MiR-503 inhibition of VEGF protein production and mRNA was mediated by direct binding to the 3' untranslated region of VEGF mRNA. Endogenous miR-503 was differently regulated by exogenous stimulants associated with COPD pathogenesis, including IL-1ß/TNF-α, TGF-ß1 and PGE2. Endogenous miR-503 inhibition augmented VEGF release by IL-1ß/TNF-α and TGF-ß1 but not by PGE2, demonstrating selectivity of miR-503 regulation of VEGF. In conclusions, reduced miR-503 augments VEGF release from lung fibroblasts from patients with COPD. Since VEGF contributes to disturbed vasculature in COPD, altered miR-503 production might play a role in modulating fibroblast-mediated vascular homeostasis in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ikari
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jannah Obaid
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Alvaro Giron-Martinez
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kumiko Ikari
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Fumihiko Makino
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shunichiro Iwasawa
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Yoko Gunji
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Maha Farid
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xingqi Wang
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Hesham Basma
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Dawn Demeo
- Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Olaf Holz
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL, BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Rabe
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Lungen Clinic Grosshansdorf, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Xiangde Liu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Stephen I. Rennard
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in SMP30 knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:74-81. [PMID: 28807355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predominantly a cigarette smoke (CS)-triggered disease with features of chronic systemic inflammation. Oxidants derived from CS can induce DNA damage and stress-induced premature cellular senescence in the respiratory system, which play significant roles in COPD. Therefore, antioxidants should provide benefits for the treatment of COPD; however, their therapeutic potential remains limited owing to the complexity of this disease. Recently, molecular hydrogen (H2) has been reported as a preventive and therapeutic antioxidant. Molecular H2 can selectively reduce hydroxyl radical accumulation with no known side effects, showing potential applications in managing oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism. However, there have been no reports on the efficacy of molecular H2 in COPD patients. In the present study, we used a mouse model of COPD to investigate whether CS-induced histological damage in the lungs could be attenuated by administration of molecular H2. We administered H2-rich pure water to senescence marker protein 30 knockout (SMP30-KO) mice exposed to CS for 8 weeks. Administration of H2-rich water attenuated the CS-induced lung damage in the SMP30-KO mice and reduced the mean linear intercept and destructive index of the lungs. Moreover, H2-rich water significantly restored the static lung compliance in the CS-exposed mice compared with that in the CS-exposed H2-untreated mice. Moreover, treatment with H2-rich water decreased the levels of oxidative DNA damage markers such as phosphorylated histone H2AX and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and senescence markers such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1, and β-galactosidase in the CS-exposed mice. These results demonstrated that H2-rich pure water attenuated CS-induced emphysema in SMP30-KO mice by reducing CS-induced oxidative DNA damage and premature cell senescence in the lungs. Our study suggests that administration of molecular H2 may be a novel preventive and therapeutic strategy for COPD.
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Namba Y, Togo S, Tulafu M, Kadoya K, Nagahama KY, Taka H, Kaga N, Orimo A, Liu X, Takahashi K. Combination of glycopyrronium and indacaterol inhibits carbachol-induced ERK5 signal in fibrotic processes. Respir Res 2017; 18:46. [PMID: 28284212 PMCID: PMC5346259 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway fibrosis is one of the pathological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and recent studies revealed that acetylcholine plays an important role in the development of airway remodeling by stimulating proliferation and collagen synthesis of lung fibroblasts. This study was designed to examine the effects of a long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA) glycopyrronium and a long-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonist (LABA) indacaterol on acetylcholine-mediated fibrotic responses in lung fibroblasts. Methods After carbachol (CCh) or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) exposure, the response to glycopyrronium and indacaterol was determined in vitro in fibroblasts isolated from mild-to-moderate COPD lung tissue. The ability of fibroblasts to mediate the contraction of collagen gels was assessed. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) were determined by immunoblot. TGF-β1 was quantified by ELISA and acetylcholine was quantified by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Results CCh stimulated fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction and α-SMA expression and TGF-β1 release by fibroblasts. Blockade of autocrine TGF-β1 attenuated CCh-mediated fibrotic responses, while TGF-β1 did not stimulate acetylcholine release. Glycopyrronium plus indacaterol significantly attenuated CCh- and TGF-β1-mediated fibrotic responses through inhibition of ERK5 phosphorylation. Notably, the magnitudes of CCh- and TGF-β1-stimulated gel contraction, CCh-induced TGF-β1 release, and ERK5 phosphorylation were greater in fibroblasts isolated from COPD subjects than in those from non-smokers. Conclusions CCh induced TGF-β1 self-sustaining signaling loops by potentiating ERK5 signaling and promoted myofibroblast activity. This autocrine signaling mechanism may be an attractive therapeutic target to block the fibrotic response, which was modulated by the combination of glycopyrronium and indacaterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Namba
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Miniwan Tulafu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kadoya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kumi Yoneda Nagahama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hikari Taka
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaga
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Xiangde Liu
- Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Jang JH, Chand HS, Bruse S, Doyle-Eisele M, Royer C, McDonald J, Qualls C, Klingelhutz AJ, Lin Y, Mallampalli R, Tesfaigzi Y, Nyunoya T. Connective Tissue Growth Factor Promotes Pulmonary Epithelial Cell Senescence and Is Associated with COPD Severity. COPD 2016; 14:228-237. [PMID: 28026993 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2016.1262340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is consistent in humans and animal models of COPD and to investigate the role of this protein in lung epithelial cells. CTGF in lung epithelial cells of ex-smokers with COPD was compared with ex-smokers without COPD by immunofluorescence. A total of twenty C57Bl/6 mice and sixteen non-human primates (NHPs) were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 4 weeks. Ten mice of these CS-exposed mice and eight of the CS-exposed NHPs were infected with H3N2 influenza A virus (IAV), while the remaining ten mice and eight NHPs were mock-infected with vehicle as control. Both mRNA and protein expression of CTGF in lung epithelial cells of mice and NHPs were determined. The effects of CTGF overexpression on cell proliferation, p16 protein, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity were examined in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). In humans, CTGF expression increased with increasing COPD severity. We found that protein expression of CTGF was upregulated in lung epithelial cells in both mice and NHPs exposed to CS and infected with IAV compared to those exposed to CS only. When overexpressed in HBECs, CTGF accelerated cellular senescence accompanied by p16 accumulation. Both CTGF and p16 protein expression in lung epithelia are positively associated with the severity of COPD in ex-smokers. These findings show that CTGF is consistently expressed in epithelial cells of COPD lungs. By accelerating lung epithelial senescence, CTGF may block regeneration relative to epithelial cell loss and lead to emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Jang
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,b VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- c Department of Immunology , Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University Miami , Miami , FL , USA
| | | | - Melanie Doyle-Eisele
- e COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Christopher Royer
- e COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Jacob McDonald
- e COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | | | - Aloysius J Klingelhutz
- g Department of Microbiology , University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Yong Lin
- e COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Rama Mallampalli
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,b VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- e COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Toru Nyunoya
- a Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,b VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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36
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Hoshika Y, Takahashi F, Togo S, Hashimoto M, Nara T, Kobayashi T, Nurwidya F, Kataoka H, Kurihara M, Kobayashi E, Ebana H, Kikkawa M, Ando K, Nishino K, Hino O, Takahashi K, Seyama K. Haploinsufficiency of the folliculin gene leads to impaired functions of lung fibroblasts in patients with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/21/e13025. [PMID: 27905298 PMCID: PMC5112502 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder caused by germline mutations in the FLCN gene, and characterized by skin fibrofolliculomas, multiple lung cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, and renal neoplasms. Pulmonary manifestations frequently develop earlier than other organ involvements, prompting a diagnosis of BHDS. However, the mechanism of lung cyst formation and pathogenesis of pneumothorax have not yet been clarified. Fibroblasts were isolated from lung tissues obtained from patients with BHDS (n = 12) and lung cancer (n = 10) as controls. The functional abilities of these lung fibroblasts were evaluated by the tests for chemotaxis to fibronectin and three‐dimensional (3‐D) gel contraction. Fibroblasts from BHDS patients showed diminished chemotaxis as compared with fibroblasts from controls. Expression of fibronectin and TGF‐β1 was significantly reduced in BHDS fibroblasts when assessed by qPCR. Addition of TGF‐β1 in culture medium of BHDS lung fibroblasts significantly restored these cells' abilities of chemotaxis and gel contraction. Human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL‐1) exhibited reduced chemotaxis and 3‐D gel contraction when FLCN expression was knocked down. To the contrary, a significant increase in chemotactic activity toward to fibronectin was demonstrated when wild‐type FLCN was overexpressed, whereas transduction of mutant FLCN showed no effect on chemotaxis. Our results suggest that FLCN is associated with chemotaxis in lung fibroblasts. Together with reduced TGF‐β1 expression by BHDS lung fibroblasts, a state of FLCN haploinsufficiency may cause lung fibroblast dysfunction, thereby impairing tissue repair. These may reveal one mechanism of lung cyst formation and pneumothorax in BHDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Hoshika
- Divisions of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,The Study Group of Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Divisions of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Divisions of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneaki Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fariz Nurwidya
- Divisions of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kataoka
- The Study Group of Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Pneumothorax Research Center and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Nissan Tamagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kurihara
- The Study Group of Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Pneumothorax Research Center and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Nissan Tamagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kobayashi
- Divisions of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,The Study Group of Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ebana
- Divisions of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,The Study Group of Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Kikkawa
- Biomedical Research Center, Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Ando
- Divisions of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,The Study Group of Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishino
- Divisions of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Divisions of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Seyama
- Divisions of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan .,The Study Group of Pneumothorax and Cystic Lung Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Ge Z, Li B, Zhou X, Yang Y, Zhang J. Basic fibroblast growth factor activates β-catenin/RhoA signaling in pulmonary fibroblasts with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 423:165-174. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we explore an emerging theme in the literature, which is the role of dendritic cells in the causation of fibrosis. To fully appreciate this pathway to disease, we also review the most recent literature regarding dendritic cell biology as it pertains to ocular surface tissues. On the basis of this information, we propose a unifying hypothesis for how dendritic cells may cause conjunctival fibrosis in the allergy setting. RECENT FINDINGS Work in models of airway remodeling and liver fibrosis has pointed to a potentially central role for dendritic cells in the pathobiology of fibrosis. Indeed, these cells are recognized as the most potent antigen-presenting cells, and as such activate T lymphocytes that are profibrotic under certain conditions. However, recent findings suggest a more direct role for dendritic cells, which opens up the possibility that a similar pathway may be relevant in the causation of conjunctival fibrosis, particularly in allergic eye disease. SUMMARY Conjunctival fibrosis is a serious clinical concern and is associated with chronic inflammation of the ocular surface tissue, such as in allergic eye disease. Dendritic cells are required in mediating allergic disease by activating pathologic T lymphocytes. Recent findings pointing to a central role for dendritic cell in fibrosis may, however, mean that these cells could also be contributing directly to conjunctival fibrosis. If so, furthering our understanding of dendritic cells could lead to the identification of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies to treat this disease.
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Kuwano K, Araya J, Hara H, Minagawa S, Takasaka N, Ito S, Kobayashi K, Nakayama K. Cellular senescence and autophagy in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Respir Investig 2016; 54:397-406. [PMID: 27886850 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with impairments in homeostasis. Although aging and senescence are not equivalent, the number of senescent cells increases with aging. Cellular senescence plays important roles in tissue repair or remodeling, as well as embryonic development. Autophagy is a process of lysosomal self-degradation that maintains a homeostatic balance between the synthesis, degradation, and recycling of cellular proteins. Autophagy diminishes with aging; additionally, accelerated aging can be attributed to reduced autophagy. Cellular senescence has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a disease of accelerated lung aging, presumably by impairing cell repopulation and by aberrant cytokine secretion in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The possible participation of autophagy in the pathogenic sequence of COPD has been extensively explored. Although it has been reported that increased autophagy may induce epithelial cell death, an insufficient reserve of autophagy can induce cellular senescence in bronchial epithelial cells of COPD. Furthermore, advanced age is one of the most important risk factors for the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Telomere shortening is found in blood leukocytes and alveolar epithelial cells from patients with IPF. Accelerated senescence of epithelial cells plays a role in IPF pathogenesis by perpetuating abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Insufficient autophagy may be an underlying mechanism of accelerated epithelial cell senescence and myofibroblast differentiation in IPF. Herein, we review the molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence and autophagy and summarize the role of cellular senescence and autophagy in both COPD and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Hara
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Minagawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Naoki Takasaka
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Saburo Ito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Nakayama
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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Pirzad Jahromi G, Ghanei M, Hosseini SK, Shamsaei A, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Koochaki A, Karkuki Osguei N, Samadikuchaksaraei A. Characterization of Lung Fibroblasts More than Two Decades after Mustard Gas Exposure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145148. [PMID: 26679937 PMCID: PMC4683060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In patients with short-term exposure to the sulfur mustard gas, the delayed cellular effects on lungs have not been well understood yet. The lung pathology shows a dominant feature consistent with obliterative bronchiolitis, in which fibroblasts play a central role. This study aims to characterize alterations to lung fibroblasts, at the cellular level, in patients with delayed respiratory complications after short-term exposure to the sulfur mustard gas. Methods Fibroblasts were isolated from the transbronchial biopsies of patients with documented history of exposure to single high-dose sulfur mustard during 1985–7 and compared with the fibroblasts of control subjects. Results Compared with controls, patients’ fibroblasts were thinner and shorter, and showed a higher population doubling level, migration capacity and number of filopodia. Sulfur mustard decreased the in vitro viability of fibroblasts and increased their sensitivity to induction of apoptosis, but did not change the rate of spontaneous apoptosis. In addition, higher expression of alpha smooth muscle actin showed that the lung's microenvironment in these patients is permissive for myofibroblastic differentiation. Conclusions These findings suggest that in patients under the study, the delayed pulmonary complications of sulfur mustard should be considered as a unique pathology, which might need a specific management by manipulation of cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila Pirzad Jahromi
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injury Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Hosseini
- Tissue Bank & Preparation Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shamsaei
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Koochaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress induces apoptosis via the MAPKs/STAT1 pathway in mouse lung fibroblasts. Toxicol Lett 2015; 240:140-8. [PMID: 26546778 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the major aetiologic factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lung fibroblasts are key participants in the maintenance of the extracellular matrix within the lung parenchyma. However, it still remains unknown how pulmonary fibroblasts are affected by cigarette smoking. Therefore, in this study, we isolated lung fibroblasts from mice and determined the apoptotic mechanism in response to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). When the lung fibroblasts were exposed to CSE, the generation of ROS was increased as shown by H2-DCFDA staining and Flow Cytometry. By immunocytochemistry, Ki67 expressing cells gradually decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The nitrite concentration in the supernatants increased, while the SOD activity and GSH recycling decreased in response to CSE. CSE increased the mRNA levels of TNF-α and COX-2, and the secretory proteins TNF-α and IL-6 increased as measured by ELISA. We next determined whether this inflammatory process is associated with the Bax/Bcl-2 apoptosis pathway. The Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio increased, and cleaved caspase-3 protein was activated in the lung fibroblasts treated with CSE. Moreover, CSE induced the phosphorylation of STAT1 at Tyr701/Ser727 and increased the activation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK in the MAPK pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that CSE-mediated inflammation alters the redox regulation via the MAPK-STAT1 pathway, leading to intrinsic apoptosis of lung fibroblasts.
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Yamada Y, Tomaru U, Ishizu A, Ito T, Kiuchi T, Ono A, Miyajima S, Nagai K, Higashi T, Matsuno Y, Dosaka-Akita H, Nishimura M, Miwa S, Kasahara M. Decreased proteasomal function accelerates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice. J Transl Med 2015; 95:625-34. [PMID: 25915723 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease common in elderly people, characterized by progressive destruction of lung parenchyma and chronic inflammation of the airways. The pathogenesis of COPD remains unclear, but recent studies suggest that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in alveolar cells contributes to emphysematous lung destruction. The proteasome is a multicatalytic enzyme complex that plays a critical role in proteostasis by rapidly destroying misfolded and modified proteins generated by oxidative and other stresses. Proteasome activity decreases with aging in many organs including lungs, and an age-related decline in proteasomal function has been implicated in various age-related pathologies. However, the role of the proteasome system in the pathogenesis of COPD has not been investigated. Recently, we have established a transgenic (Tg) mouse model with decreased proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity, showing age-related phenotypes. Using this model, we demonstrate here that decreased proteasomal function accelerates cigarette smoke (CS)-induced pulmonary emphysema. CS-exposed Tg mice showed remarkable airspace enlargement and increased foci of inflammation compared with wild-type controls. Importantly, apoptotic cells were found in the alveolar walls of the affected lungs. Impaired proteasomal activity also enhanced apoptosis in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-exposed fibroblastic cells derived from mice and humans in vitro. Notably, aggresome formation and prominent nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor were observed in CSE-exposed fibroblastic cells isolated from Tg mice. Collective evidence suggests that CS exposure and impaired proteasomal activity coordinately enhance apoptotic cell death in the alveolar walls that may be involved in the development and progression of emphysema in susceptible individuals such as the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- 1] Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan [2] Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kiuchi
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayako Ono
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Syota Miyajima
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsura Nagai
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsunehito Higashi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nishimura
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soichi Miwa
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanori Kasahara
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Thannickal VJ, Murthy M, Balch WE, Chandel NS, Meiners S, Eickelberg O, Selman M, Pardo A, White ES, Levy BD, Busse PJ, Tuder RM, Antony VB, Sznajder JI, Budinger GRS. Blue journal conference. Aging and susceptibility to lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:261-9. [PMID: 25590812 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201410-1876pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of the population in the United States and throughout the developed world has increased morbidity and mortality attributable to lung disease, while the morbidity and mortality from other prevalent diseases has declined or remained stable. Recognizing the importance of aging in the development of lung disease, the American Thoracic Society (ATS) highlighted this topic as a core theme for the 2014 annual meeting. The relationship between aging and lung disease was discussed in several oral symposiums and poster sessions at the annual ATS meeting. In this article, we used the input gathered at the conference to develop a broad framework and perspective to stimulate basic, clinical, and translational research to understand how the aging process contributes to the onset and/or progression of lung diseases. A consistent theme that emerged from the conference was the need to apply novel, systems-based approaches to integrate a growing body of genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data and elucidate the relationship between biologic hallmarks of aging, altered lung function, and increased susceptibility to lung diseases in the older population. The challenge remains to causally link the molecular and cellular changes of aging with age-related changes in lung physiology and disease susceptibility. The purpose of this review is to stimulate further research to identify new strategies to prevent or treat age-related lung disease.
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Lung fibroblasts share mesenchymal stem cell features which are altered in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via the overactivation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121579. [PMID: 25815884 PMCID: PMC4376723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alteration of functional regenerative properties of parenchymal lung fibroblasts is widely proposed as a pathogenic mechanism for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, what these functions are and how they are impaired in COPD remain poorly understood. Apart from the role of fibroblasts in producing extracellular matrix, recent studies in organs different from the lung suggest that such cells might contribute to repair processes by acting like mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, several reports sustain that the Hedgehog pathway is altered in COPD patients thus aggravating the disease. Nevertheless, whether this pathway is dysregulated in COPD fibroblasts remains unknown. Objectives and Methods We investigated the stem cell features and the expression of Hedgehog components in human lung fibroblasts isolated from histologically-normal parenchymal tissue from 25 patients—8 non-smokers/non-COPD, 8 smokers-non COPD and 9 smokers with COPD—who were undergoing surgery for lung tumor resection. Results We found that lung fibroblasts resemble mesenchymal stem cells in terms of cell surface marker expression, differentiation ability and immunosuppressive potential and that these properties were altered in lung fibroblasts from smokers and even more in COPD patients. Furthermore, we showed that some of these phenotypic changes can be explained by an over activation of the Hedgehog signaling in smoker and COPD fibroblasts. Conclusions Our study reveals that lung fibroblasts possess mesenchymal stem cell-features which are impaired in COPD via the contribution of an abnormal Hedgehog signaling. These processes should constitute a novel pathomechanism accounting for disease occurrence and progression.
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Wang R, Li M, Zhou S, Zeng D, Xu X, Xu R, Sun G. Effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism in miR-146a on COX-2 protein expression and lung function in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:463-73. [PMID: 25767384 PMCID: PMC4354402 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s74345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2910164) in the miR-146a precursor on the expression level of miR-146a, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lung tissue harvested from smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as the lung function and disease stages from the same patient population. METHODS AND RESULTS One-hundred and sixty-eight smokers with diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were recruited. The patients were genotyped for rs2910164 polymorphism using Sanger sequencing, and their lung function/disease stages were evaluated following Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Meanwhile, messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression levels of miR-146a and COX2 as well as PGE2 production were determined in 66 lung tissue samples collected in the patients who received surgical treatment. We confirmed that COX2 is a validated target of miR-146a in human fibroblast cells, and identified the differential expression patterns of miR-146a and COX2 in each rs2910164 genotype group. We observed a significant association between rs2910164 in miR-146a and the levels of either COX2 or PGE2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Consistently, we were able to demonstrate that the rs2910164 single nucleotide polymorphism has a functional effect on the baseline lung function in the study population. CONCLUSION In the present study, the rs2910164 CC and GC genotype was found to be associated with an improved lung function and milder disease stages, at least partially, mediated by its ability to increase in COX2 expression and PGE2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China ; Hefei Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiong Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengyun Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Effect of culture conditions on microRNA expression in primary adult control and COPD lung fibroblasts in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:390-9. [PMID: 25552310 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cell cultures, including lung fibroblasts, have been used to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. However, culture conditions may affect miRNA expression. We examined whether miRNA expression in primary adult lung fibroblasts varies with cell density or passage in vitro and whether culture conditions confound the identification of altered miRNA expression in COPD lung fibroblasts. Primary adult control and COPD lung fibroblasts were cultured until passage 3 or 8, after which cells were further cultured for 3 or 7 d (low vs. high density). Then, cells at low density were cultured with serum-free media, and those at high density were cultured with serum-free media in the absence or presence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) for 24 h. RNA was extracted to perform miRNA microarray from which 1.25-fold differential expression and 10% false discovery rate were applied to identify "invariant" and "variant" miRNA for the various culture conditions. Of the 2226 miRNAs evaluated, 39.0% for cell density, 40.7% for cell passage, and 29.4% for both conditions were identified as "invariant" miRNAs. Furthermore, 38.1% of the evaluated miRNAs were "invariant" for cell passage with IL-1β and TNF-α. Differentially expressed miRNAs between control and COPD lung fibroblasts were identified with and without IL-1β and TNF-α, and of these, 32 out of the 34 top-ranked miRNAs exceeded the differences due to culture conditions. Thus, culture conditions may affect miRNA expression of adult human lung fibroblasts. Nevertheless, in vitro cultures can be used to assess differential miRNA expression in COPD lung fibroblasts.
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Efremova AS, Shram SI, Drenichev MS, Posypanova GA, Myasoedov NF, Mikhailov SN. The selective toxic effect of dialdehyde derivatives of pyrimidine nucleosides on human ovarian cancer cells. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kumar M, Seeger W, Voswinckel R. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its possible role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:323-33. [PMID: 25171460 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0382ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major disease of the lungs. It primarily occurs after a prolonged period of cigarette smoking. Chronic inflammation of airways and the alveolar space as well as lung tissue destruction are the hallmarks of COPD. Recently it has been shown that cellular senescence might play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Cellular senescence comprises signal transduction program, leading to irreversible cell cycle arrest. The growth arrest in senescence can be triggered by many different mechanisms, including DNA damage and its recognition by cellular sensors, leading to the activation of cell cycle checkpoint responses and activation of DNA repair machinery. Senescence can be induced by several genotoxic factors apart from telomere attrition. When senescence induction is based on DNA damage, senescent cells display a unique phenotype, which has been termed "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP). SASP may be an important driver of chronic inflammation and therefore may be part of a vicious cycle of inflammation, DNA damage, and senescence. This research perspective aims to showcase cellular senescence with relevance to COPD and the striking similarities between the mediators and secretory phenotype in COPD and SASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- 1 Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and
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Jang JH, Bruse S, Huneidi S, Schrader RM, Monick MM, Lin Y, Carter AB, Klingelhutz AJ, Nyunoya T. Acrolein-exposed normal human lung fibroblasts in vitro: cellular senescence, enhanced telomere erosion, and degradation of Werner's syndrome protein. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:955-62. [PMID: 24747221 PMCID: PMC4154210 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrolein is a ubiquitous environmental hazard to human health. Acrolein has been reported to activate the DNA damage response and induce apoptosis. However, little is known about the effects of acrolein on cellular senescence. OBJECTIVES We examined whether acrolein induces cellular senescence in cultured normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF). METHODS We cultured NHLF in the presence or absence of acrolein and determined the effects of acrolein on cell proliferative capacity, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, the known senescence-inducing pathways (e.g., p53, p21), and telomere length. RESULTS We found that acrolein induced cellular senescence by increasing both p53 and p21. The knockdown of p53 mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated acrolein-induced cellular senescence. Acrolein decreased Werner's syndrome protein (WRN), a member of the RecQ helicase family involved in DNA repair and telomere maintenance. Acrolein-induced down-regulation of WRN protein was rescued by p53 knockdown or proteasome inhibition. Finally, we found that acrolein accelerated p53-mediated telomere shortening. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that acrolein induces p53-mediated cellular senescence accompanied by enhanced telomere attrition and WRN protein down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico and New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Kanaji N, Basma H, Nelson A, Farid M, Sato T, Nakanishi M, Wang X, Michalski J, Li Y, Gunji Y, Feghali-Bostwick C, Liu X, Rennard SI. Fibroblasts that resist cigarette smoke-induced senescence acquire profibrotic phenotypes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L364-73. [PMID: 25015975 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00041.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of extended exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on tissue repair functions in lung fibroblasts. Human fetal (HFL-1) and adult lung fibroblasts were exposed to CSE for 14 days. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) expression, cell proliferation, and tissue repair functions including chemotaxis and gel contraction were assessed. HFL-1 proliferation was inhibited by CSE and nearly half of the CSE-exposed cells were SA β-gal positive after 14 days exposure, whereas 33% of adult lung fibroblasts were SA β-gal positive in response to 10% CSE exposure. The SA β-gal-positive cells did not proliferate as indicated by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. In contrast, cells negative for SA β-gal after CSE exposure proliferated faster than cells never exposed to CSE. These nonsenescent cells migrated more and contracted collagen gels more than control cells. CSE exposure stimulated TGF-β1 production, and both inhibition of TGF-β receptor kinase and TGF-β1 siRNA blocked CSE modulation of fibroblast function. Extended exposure to CSE might induce two different fibroblast phenotypes, a senescent and a profibrotic phenotype. The fibroblasts that resist CSE-induced cellular senescence may contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and could contribute to fibrotic lesions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease acting through a TGF-β1-mediated pathway. In contrast, the senescent cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kanaji
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hesham Basma
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Amy Nelson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Maha Farid
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tadashi Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakanishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Xingqi Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joel Michalski
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - YingJi Li
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Gunji
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiangde Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska;
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