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Razavi SM, Yaghoobpour T, Nazifi S. A review on acute phase response in parasitic blood diseases of ruminants. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105055. [PMID: 37862863 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic blood diseases (theileriosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and trypanosomiasis) are common in regions where the distributions of the hosts, parasites, and vectors are convergent. They endanger animal production, and a few are also harmful to public health. The acute phase reaction (APR) is a complex, non-specific reaction that occurs in various events, including surgical trauma, infection, stress, inflammation, and neoplasia. To understand pathogenesis, we must study APR effects and acute phase proteins (APPs) alterations in naturally occurring and experimental infections. The elevation of haptoglobin (Hp), Serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen concentrations was markedly significant in bovine and ovine theileriosis. Hp, SAA, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen concentrations in anaplasmosis were dramatically elevated. A significant increase in SAA was observed in bovine babesiosis, while ovine babesiosis showed a significant rise in sialic acid levels. In cases of trypanosomiasis caused by T. vivax, there have been reports of elevated levels of Hp, complement C3, and antitrypsin. Improving our understanding of APR could result in more effective methods for diagnosis, treatment, control, and eradication of diseases. The article provides an overview of APPs alterations and other inflammation-related parameters (some cytokines, adenosine deaminase, and sialic acids) in parasitic blood diseases of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Razavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tina Yaghoobpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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2
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Using integrated wildlife monitoring to prevent future pandemics through one health approach. One Health 2022; 16:100479. [PMID: 36600947 PMCID: PMC9806683 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the One Health context, Integrated Wildlife Monitoring (IWM) merges wildlife health monitoring (WHM) and host community monitoring to early detect emerging infections, record changes in disease dynamics, and assess the impact of interventions in complex multi-host and multi-pathogen networks. This study reports the deployment and results obtained from a nationwide IWM pilot test in eleven sites representing the habitat diversity of mainland Spain. In each study site, camera-trap networks and sampling of indicator species for antibody and biomarker analysis were used to generate information. The results allowed identifying differences in biodiversity and host community characteristics among the study sites, with a range of 8 to 19 relevant host species per point. The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) was the most connected and central species of the host communities, becoming a key target indicator species for IWM. A negative relationship between biodiversity and disease risk was detected, with a lower number and prevalence of circulating pathogens in the sites with more species in the community and larger network size. However, this overall trend was modified by specific host-community and environmental factors, such as the relative index of wild boar - red deer interactions or the proximity to urban habitats, suggesting that human-driven imbalances may favour pathogen circulation. The effort of incorporating wildlife population monitoring into the currently applied WHM programs to achieve effective IWM was also evaluated, allowing to identify population monitoring as the most time-consuming component, which should be improved in the future. This first nationwide application of IWM allowed to detect drivers and hotspots for disease transmission risk among wildlife, domestic animals, and humans, as well as identifying key target indicator species for monitoring. Moreover, anthropogenic effects such as artificially high wildlife densities and urbanisation were identified as risk factors for disease prevalence and interspecific transmission.
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3
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Dinler Ay C, Tuna GE, Ekren Asici GS, Ulutas B. Effects of the clinical severity of disease and concomitant pyoderma on serum acute-phase proteins concentrations in dogs with sarcoptic mange. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:378-383. [PMID: 35670652 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on acute-phase protein (APP) concentrations in dogs with sarcoptic mange (SM) is scarce. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of the clinical severity of disease and concomitant pyoderma on serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid-A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations in dogs with SM. ANIMALS Forty client-owned dogs with SM (INF group) and 10 healthy control dogs (CON group). MATERIALS AND METHODS The INF group was divided into three subgroups; Group 1 (mild/moderate), Group 2 (severe) and Group 3 (severe+pyoderma) according to the extent of skin lesions and the presence of concomitant pyoderma. Serum CRP, SAA, Hp and Cp concentrations of all study groups were measured. RESULTS Serum CRP (P < 0.001), SAA (P < 0.001) and Hp (P = 0.016) concentrations of the INF group were higher than the CON group, with no difference in terms of Cp. A statistical difference was measured between groups 2 and 1 in SAA only. C-reactive protein was found to be significantly higher in dogs with severe SM accompanied by pyoderma (Group 3) when compared with dogs with severe SM (Group 2). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves differentiating pyoderma among dogs with severe SM was 0.850 for CRP (P = 0.0001, cut-off value >61.3 mg/L with sensitivity 69.29% and specificity 90.91%). CONCLUSIONS The unique findings in this were that the SAA serum concentrations are related to the severity of SM and that serum CRP concentrations are effective in detecting the presence of pyoderma in dogs with severe SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Dinler Ay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Gulten Emek Tuna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | | | - Bulent Ulutas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Assessment of Standing and Recumbent Restraint Positions and the Significance of Rumenotomy Techniques Based on the Profiles of Serum Amyloid a in Kano Brown Goats. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Standing and lateral recumbency positions have been used as a standard approach for most surgical procedures for large and small ruminants, respectively, without appropriate attention to the associated surgical stress. The study aimed to assess the level of surgical stress in Kano Brown goats (KBGs) based on their serum amyloid A (SAA) profiles by undergoing rumenotomy in lateral recumbency (Rumen Skin Clamp Fixation-RSCF and Stay Suture Rumenotomy-SSR) and a standing position restraint. A total of 24 KBGs were equally allocated by number and sex in groups A, B, C, and D. Groups A and B underwent RSCF and SSR in lateral recumbency, respectively, while group D underwent a rumenotomy in a standing position performed in a custom made mobile small ruminant surgical chute. Animals in groups A, B, and D were diagnosed with rumen foreign bodies, whereas group C was used as a control with a negative diagnosis. At 48 h post-rumenotomy, the mean SAA concentration in group B (137.88±66.87 g/L) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the value in group C (34.59±0.57 g/L). The females in group B had a significantly higher (P<0.05) mean concentration of SAA at 48 hours (210.15±123.73 g/L) than groups C (35.18±0.08 g/L) and D (48.35±12.15 g/L). In group A, at 24 hours, SAA concentration (115.61±20.96 µg/L) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of group B (31.51±2.59 µg/L) and group C (34.86±3.21 µg/L) in males. Rumenotomy in the standing restraint position was associated with minimal surgical stress, hence it’s recommended over the conventional lateral recumbent position techniques.
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Potential Novel Biomarkers for Mastitis Diagnosis in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102783. [PMID: 34679803 PMCID: PMC8532728 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is an important disease of dairy sheep. Mastitis management depends mainly on the diagnosis. Conventional diagnostic methods including somatic cell count, California Mastitis Test, and microbial culture have limitations. Therefore researchers are looking for new diagnostic biomarkers of mastitis including specific proteins produced by the liver in case of disease (acute phase proteins), unique genetic sequences (miRNAs), or antimicrobial peptides produced by immune cells during inflammation (cathelicidines). Abstract This review aims to characterize promising novel markers of ovine mastitis. Mastitis is considered as one of the primary factors for premature culling in dairy sheep and has noticeable financial, productional, and animal welfare-related implications. Furthermore, clinical, and subclinical mammary infections negatively affect milk yield and alter the milk composition, thereby leading to lowered quality of dairy products. It is, therefore, crucial to control and prevent mastitis through proper diagnosis, treatment or culling, and appropriate udder health management particularly at the end of the lactation period. The clinical form of mastitis is characterized by abnormalities in milk and mammary gland tissue alteration or systemic symptoms consequently causing minor diagnostic difficulties. However, to identify ewes with subclinical mastitis, laboratory diagnostics is crucial. Mastitis control is primarily dependent on determining somatic cell count (SCC) and the California Mastitis Test (CMT), which aim to detect the quantity of cells in the milk sample. The other useful diagnostic tool is microbial culture, which complements SCC and CMT. However, all mentioned diagnostic methods have their limitations and therefore novel biomarkers of ovine subclinical mastitis are highly desired. These sensitive indicators include acute-phase proteins, miRNA, and cathelicidins measurements, which could be determined in ovine serum and/or milk and in the future may become useful in early mastitis diagnostics as well as a preventive tool. This may contribute to increased detection of ovine mammary gland inflammation in sheep, especially in subclinical form, and consequently improves milk quality and quantity.
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Shalby NA, Abo El-Maaty AM, Ali AH, Elgioushy M. Acute phase biomarkers, oxidants, antioxidants, and trace minerals of mobile sheep flocks naturally infected with brucellosis. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assayed the acute phase responses of sheep seropositive to Brucella. Sera collected from ewes (n=160) were subjected to serological tests of Brucella, Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPAT), buffer acidified plate agglutination test (BAPAT), and complement fixation test (CFT). Results revealed that CFT was the most predictive test of brucellosis followed by BAPAT then RBPAT. The moderate predictive blood biochemical parameters were zinc and ascorbic acid. Ewes with low CFT titre (chronic) had low fibrinogen, copper, NO, and GPx. Seropositive animals had high blood concentrations of ascorbic acid and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Shalby
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - A. M. Abo El-Maaty
- Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza (Reproductive Physiology), Egypt
| | - A. H. Ali
- Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza (Reproductive Physiology), Egypt
| | - M. Elgioushy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
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7
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Assessment of Acute-Phase Protein Response Associated with the Different Pathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101925. [PMID: 33092108 PMCID: PMC7589328 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic debilitating disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) that affects ruminants worldwide. Many aspects related to the pathogenesis of this disease are still unknown, including the inflammatory acute-phase response developed during the course of the infection. To clarify this, serum levels of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, two positive acute-phase proteins, were evaluated in a total of 190 cows, among which 59 were healthy control animals and 131 cows were diagnosed post-mortem with different types of lesion associated with Map-infection. The results reflect a significant increase of these proteins’ levels in the infected animals and, more specifically, in those animals with types of lesion characterized by a low bacterial load and with predominance of a cell-mediated immune response. This suggests that these molecules would play a certain role in the pathogenesis of the PTB and a possible utility as biomarkers of different stages of the disease. Abstract In this study, the concentrations of two acute-phase proteins (APPs), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), were quantitatively assessed in serum samples from cattle naturally infected with paratuberculosis (PTB). APP profiles were compared across 190 animals classified according to the different pathological forms associated with infection: uninfected (n = 59), with focal lesions (n = 73), multifocal lesions (n = 19), and diffuse paucibacillary (n = 11) and diffuse multibacillary lesions (n = 28). Our results showed a significant increase in both APPs in infected animals compared to the control group, with differences depending on the type of lesion. Hp and SAA levels were increased significantly in all infected animals, except in cows with diffuse multibacillary lesions that showed similar values to non-infected animals. The expression pattern of both APPs was similar and negatively correlated with the antibody levels against PTB. These results indicate that the release of Hp and SAA is related to the presence of PTB lesions associated with a high cell-mediated immune response and a lower bacterial load, suggesting that the pro-inflammatory cytokines that are associated with these forms are the main stimulus for their synthesis. These molecules could show some potential to be used as putative biomarkers of PTB infection, particularly for the identification of subclinical animals showing pathological forms related to latency or resistance to the development of advanced lesions.
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Greguła-Kania M, Kosior-Korzecka U, Patkowski K, Juszczuk-Kubiak E, Plewik M, Gruszecki TM. Acute-phase proteins, cortisol and haematological parameters in ewes during the periparturient period. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:393-400. [PMID: 31916297 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous subclinical diseases in sheep occur in the periparturient period and involve inflammatory processes; therefore, determining markers, such as acute-phase proteins (APPs), can allow an early diagnosis. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess changes in the plasma concentration of APPs and cortisol in clinically healthy ewes in the periparturient period for use in future studies. At the same time, haematological parameters were monitored. We showed that plasma APPs and cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant ewes than before insemination. A gradual increase in the SAA concentration was observed from the 14th day before to the day of parturition, while Hp was reduced from 2 weeks before up to 2 weeks after delivery. A significant increase in the Fb concentration was detected from the 14th day before to the 1st week after delivery. The cortisol concentration did not undergo significant changes in the periparturient period. We found an increase in the SAA and Fb concentrations and decrease in Hp in the periparturient period. The direction of the change in APPs of healthy ewes in the current study may be related to their distinct regulatory mechanisms during pregnancy. The APPs are usually altered during infection, inflammation, neoplasia, stress and trauma; therefore, knowing their reference values could help lead to an early diagnosis of subclinical forms of some diseases and pregnancy complications in ewes. The haematological analysis showed that ewes in late pregnancy and postpartum compared to dry period were under metabolic stress related to pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Greguła-Kania
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Kosior-Korzecka
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Patkowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic and Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Plewik
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Maria Gruszecki
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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9
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Filling the gap of Brachiaria decumbens (signal grass) research on clinico-pathology and haemato-biochemistry in small ruminants: A review. Toxicon 2019; 174:26-31. [PMID: 31989927 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brachiaria decumbens (signal grass) is a highly productive tropical grass that is widespread in some tropical countries due to its adaptation to a wide range of environments and soil types. However, a limiting factor for the use of this grass is its toxicity from steroidal saponins. Sporadic outbreaks of hepatogenous photosensitization in ruminants grazing on this grass have been reported. Sheep are more susceptible than other animal species and the young are more susceptible than adults. This review article will critically shed light on the B. decumbens profile, its toxic compounds, mechanisms, clinical responses, blood profile alterations, pathological changes, and acute phase responses related to signal grass intoxication. Further research is needed to integrate new findings on B. decumbens intoxication with previous preventive and therapeutic trials to minimize or remove its deleterious toxic effect.
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10
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Gu X, Gu J, Ren Y, Zheng Y, Yang G, Zhou X, Xie Y. Evaluation of an Indirect ELISA Using Recombinant Arginine Kinase for Serodiagnosis of Psoroptes ovis var. cuniculi Infestation in Rabbits. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:411. [PMID: 31824969 PMCID: PMC6879429 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoroptes ovis var. cuniculi is a common ectoparasite of the wild and domestic rabbits worldwide, which causes significant economic losses in commercial rabbit breeding. In China, the diagnosis of rabbits infested with P. ovis var. cuniculi currently relies on detection of clinical signs and Psoroptes mites in skin scrapings by microscopy examination. However, this method is not very efficient in detection of the low mite loads and/or sub-clinical infections. In the present study, we cloned and expressed an arginine kinase homolog gene from P. ovis var. cuniculi (Poc-AK) and used its recombinant protein rPoc-AK to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) method for diagnosis of P. ovis var. cuniculi infestation in rabbits. The results showed that the rPoc-AK protein was ~61 kDa and had no signal peptide. The rPoc-AK-based iELISA achieved a 94.4% sensitivity and a 88.2% specificity, and was able to detect P. ovis var. cuniculi infection as early as the 1st week post-infection, prior to the appearance of clinical signs. Further field study showed 24.94% (66.33/266) clinically normal rabbits were seropositive with the highest and lowest seropositive rates for California (35.71%) and Belgian (15.14%), respectively. These results suggested that the rPoc-AK has potential as a diagnostic antigen for early P. ovis var. cuniculi infestation in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjun Ren
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Youle Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Kaab H, Bain MM, Bartley K, Turnbull F, Wright HW, Nisbet AJ, Birchmore R, Eckersall PD. Serum and acute phase protein changes in laying hens, infested with poultry red mite. Poult Sci 2019; 98:679-687. [PMID: 30239853 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry red mite (PRM) is one of the most economically important ectoparasites of laying hens globally. This mite can have significant deleterious effects on its fowl host including distress, anemia, reduced egg production, and reduced egg quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of PRM on the serum protein profile in laying hens and its effect on the acute phase proteins (APPs) to assess their potential as biomarkers for mite infestation. Three APPs: alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), serum amyloid-A (SAA), and ceruloplasmin (CP) were measured in serum samples collected from laying hens at 12 and 17 wk of age, and then for up to 4 mo after a challenge with PRM (starting at 18.5 wk of age). The serum protein profile (SDS-PAGE/nanoflow HPLC electrospray tandem mass spectrometry) and concentration of individual serum proteins (SDS-PAGE-band densitometry) were also compared. Post challenge there was a positive correlation (r = 0.489; P < 0.004) between the levels of SAA and the PRM numbers. The levels of SAA steadily increased after the PRM challenge and were significantly different than the pre-challenge levels at 28, 32, and 36 wk of age (P < 0.01). The PRM numbers also peaked around 31-33 wk of age. The results for AGP and CP in comparison were inconsistent. Proteomics revealed the presence of 2 high molecular weight proteins in the serum between 12 and 17 wk of age. These were identified as Apolipoprotein-B and Vitellogenin-2, and their increase was commensurate with the onset of lay. No other major differences were detected in the protein profiles of blood sera collected pre and post challenge. We conclude that SAA could be used as a useful biomarker to monitor PRM infestation in commercial poultry flocks and that PRM infestation does not disrupt the production of the major proteins in the serum that are associated with egg formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Kaab
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK G12 8QQ
| | - Maureen M Bain
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK G12 8QQ
| | - Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK EH26 0PZ
| | - Frank Turnbull
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK EH26 0PZ
| | - Harry W Wright
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK EH26 0PZ
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK EH26 0PZ
| | - Richard Birchmore
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK G61 1QH
| | - P David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK G12 8QQ
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12
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Iliev P, Georgieva T. Acute phase biomarkers of diseases in small ruminants: an overview. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15547/10.15547/bjvm.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a large group of proteins synthesised mainly by the liver. Their
production is stimulated in response to disturbances in the systemic homeostasis. It is known that
each species has a specific set of APPs. Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin are the main APPs in
small ruminants and their plasma concentration is changed most significantly in comparison with
minor APPs such as ceruloplasmin. In general, APPs could provide valuable information on the general
condition of the organism but cannot point at the exact disease. Therefore, APPs should be
included as an additional indicator in clinical diagnosis. Knowledge of APPs behaviour in disease
states has a remarkable potential for detecting animals with subclinical infections, determining the
prognosis of clinical infection, differentiation between viral and bacterial disease, treatment
monitoring, vaccine effectiveness and stress conditions. The aim of this review is to present data on
APPs behaviour during some parasitic and infectious diseases as well as pathological conditions leading
to aseptic inflammation and stress in sheep and goats.
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13
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Jesse FFA, Chung ELT, Abba Y, Muniandy KV, Tan AHAR, Maslamany D, Bitrus AA, Lila MAM, Norsidin MJ. Establishment of lung auscultation scoring method and responses of acute phase proteins and heat shock proteins in vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:289-295. [PMID: 30088124 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonic pasteurellosis is an economically important infectious disease in the small ruminant industry which causes sudden death and loss for farmers. Nonetheless, this disease is still a common sight in sheep and goats in Malaysia, probably due to the unpopular usage of pasteurellosis vaccine or inappropriate vaccination practices. The aim of this study was designed to classify the severity of pneumonia via the establishment of auscultation scoring method and to quantify the acute phase proteins and heat shock proteins responses from vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats. Goat farms, consist of vaccinated and non-vaccinated farms, were selected in this study: where 15 clinically normal healthy goats and 9 pneumonic goats were selected from vaccinated farms whereas 15 clinically normal healthy goats and 31 pneumonic goats from non-vaccinated farms were selected for this study. Crackle lung sounds were not detected in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated normal goats. However, vaccinated pneumonic goats showed mild crackle lung sound while non-vaccinated pneumonic goats exhibited moderate crackle lung sound. There were significant increases (p < 0.05) in acute phase proteins and heat shock proteins concentrations for the non-vaccinated pneumonic goats group. In this study, conclusion can be made that the vaccinated goats exhibited very mild clinical responses of pneumonia and non-significant biomarker responses compared to the non-vaccinated goats. Thus, vaccination is an effective preventive measure to control pneumonic pasteurellosis and acute phase proteins and heat shock proteins can be considered as future biomarkers in screening and rapid diagnostic method for this particular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria
| | - Kalai Vaani Muniandy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hafizin Ahmad Ramizi Tan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dharshini Maslamany
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus
- Research Unit, Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Jefri Norsidin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Miglio A, Moscati L, Scoccia E, Maresca C, Antognoni MT, Felici A. Reference values for serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, lysozyme, zinc and iron in healthy lactating Lacaune sheep. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:46. [PMID: 30081939 PMCID: PMC6080557 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-phase proteins and trace elements are considered biomarkers of the immune response to infection, inflammation, trauma and other pathological conditions, as well as indicators of the health status and productivity of farm animals. Given the scarcity of published data on this topic, the purpose of this study was to determine the serum levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin, as well as lysozyme, iron and zinc in clinically healthy Lacaune sheep in lactation months 3–7 ranging in age from 2 to 6 years. The mean serum levels for SAA (12.2 µg/mL), lysozyme (1.47 µg/mL), zinc (78.9 µg/dL) and iron (26.6 mmol/L) differed from those found in other sheep breeds and indicate considerable variations depending on breed, age and physiological status of the sheep. Reference values for clinically healthy mid-lactating Lacaune sheep were determined by using well-described and modern analytical and statistical methods. The reference intervals may be used to determine the health and welfare of lactating Lacaune sheep and may serve as a starting point to investigate diseases.
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15
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Oliveira F, Haas C, Ferreira C, Goularte K, Pegoraro L, Gasperin B, Schneider A, Mondadori R, Lucia T, Vieira A. Inflammatory markers in ewes submitted to surgical or transcervical embryo collection. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Czopowicz M, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Mickiewicz M, Witkowski L, Markowska-Daniel I, Stefaniak T, Reczyńska D, Bagnicka E, Kaba J. Acute-phase proteins in pregnant goats: a longitudinal study. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638717714295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We documented changes in serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) concentration in goats during pregnancy, as measured by competitive ELISAs. Fifteen does (pregnant group) and 20 castrated males (control group) were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected on the same day from all 35 goats, 7 times throughout the study period: at mating, then once every month, during the week preceding kidding, and 1 mo after kidding. Baseline SAA and Hp concentrations at mating were identical in the 2 groups. In the pregnant group, SAA concentration rose significantly in the second month and remained elevated until the end of pregnancy, with the peak concentration at kidding. In the control group, SAA concentration remained unchanged compared to the baseline concentration throughout the study. SAA concentration was significantly higher in the pregnant than control group only at the end of the fourth month of pregnancy and at kidding. Hp concentration did not change during pregnancy or between groups. SAA concentration at kidding was affected only by parity of does – it was highest in does in the third and fourth pregnancy and gradually lower in older does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Czopowicz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Czopowicz, Mickiewicz, Witkowski, Markowska-Daniel, Kaba)
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Szaluś-Jordanow)
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland (Stefaniak)
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland (Reczyńska, Bagnicka)
| | - Olga Szaluś-Jordanow
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Czopowicz, Mickiewicz, Witkowski, Markowska-Daniel, Kaba)
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Szaluś-Jordanow)
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland (Stefaniak)
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland (Reczyńska, Bagnicka)
| | - Marcin Mickiewicz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Czopowicz, Mickiewicz, Witkowski, Markowska-Daniel, Kaba)
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Szaluś-Jordanow)
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland (Stefaniak)
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland (Reczyńska, Bagnicka)
| | - Lucjan Witkowski
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Czopowicz, Mickiewicz, Witkowski, Markowska-Daniel, Kaba)
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Szaluś-Jordanow)
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland (Stefaniak)
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland (Reczyńska, Bagnicka)
| | - Iwona Markowska-Daniel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Czopowicz, Mickiewicz, Witkowski, Markowska-Daniel, Kaba)
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Szaluś-Jordanow)
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland (Stefaniak)
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland (Reczyńska, Bagnicka)
| | - Tadeusz Stefaniak
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Czopowicz, Mickiewicz, Witkowski, Markowska-Daniel, Kaba)
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Szaluś-Jordanow)
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland (Stefaniak)
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland (Reczyńska, Bagnicka)
| | - Daria Reczyńska
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Czopowicz, Mickiewicz, Witkowski, Markowska-Daniel, Kaba)
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Szaluś-Jordanow)
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland (Stefaniak)
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland (Reczyńska, Bagnicka)
| | - Emilia Bagnicka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Czopowicz, Mickiewicz, Witkowski, Markowska-Daniel, Kaba)
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Szaluś-Jordanow)
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland (Stefaniak)
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland (Reczyńska, Bagnicka)
| | - Jarosław Kaba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Czopowicz, Mickiewicz, Witkowski, Markowska-Daniel, Kaba)
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (Szaluś-Jordanow)
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland (Stefaniak)
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland (Reczyńska, Bagnicka)
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17
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Chemonges S, Gupta R, Mills PC, Kopp SR, Sadowski P. Characterisation of the circulating acellular proteome of healthy sheep using LC-MS/MS-based proteomics analysis of serum. Proteome Sci 2017; 15:11. [PMID: 28615994 PMCID: PMC5466729 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-017-0119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike humans, there is currently no publicly available reference mass spectrometry-based circulating acellular proteome data for sheep, limiting the analysis and interpretation of a range of physiological changes and disease states. The objective of this study was to develop a robust and comprehensive method to characterise the circulating acellular proteome in ovine serum. METHODS Serum samples from healthy sheep were subjected to shotgun proteomic analysis using nano liquid chromatography nano electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-nanoESI-MS/MS) on a quadrupole time-of-flight instrument (TripleTOF® 5600+, SCIEX). Proteins were identified using ProteinPilot™ (SCIEX) and Mascot (Matrix Science) software based on a minimum of two unmodified highly scoring unique peptides per protein at a false discovery rate (FDR) of 1% software by searching a subset of the Universal Protein Resource Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) database (http://www.uniprot.org). PeptideShaker (CompOmics, VIB-UGent) searches were used to validate protein identifications from ProteinPilot™ and Mascot. RESULTS ProteinPilot™ and Mascot identified 245 and 379 protein groups (IDs), respectively, and PeptideShaker validated 133 protein IDs from the entire dataset. Since Mascot software is considered the industry standard and identified the most proteins, these were analysed using the Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) classification tool revealing the association of 349 genes with 127 protein pathway hits. These data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004989. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of characterising the ovine circulating acellular proteome using nanoLC-nanoESI-MS/MS. This peptide spectral data contributes to a protein library that can be used to identify a wide range of proteins in ovine serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Chemonges
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Proteomics and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul C. Mills
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Steven R. Kopp
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Pawel Sadowski
- Proteomics and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Váradyová Z, Kišidayová S, Čobanová K, Grešáková Ľ, Babják M, Königová A, Dolinská MU, Várady M. The impact of a mixture of medicinal herbs on ruminal fermentation, parasitological status and hematological parameters of the lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Crilly JP, Nunn F, Busin V, Marr EJ, Jennings AE, Burgess STG, Sargison ND. Investigation and treatment of ovine psoroptic otoacariasis. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:206-e52. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Patrick Crilly
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh; Easter Bush Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - Francesca Nunn
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park; Bush Loan Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0PZ UK
| | - Valentina Busin
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park; Bush Loan Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0PZ UK
| | - Edward J. Marr
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park; Bush Loan Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0PZ UK
| | - Amy E. Jennings
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh; Easter Bush Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - Stewart T. G. Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park; Bush Loan Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0PZ UK
| | - Neil D. Sargison
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh; Easter Bush Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
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20
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Llonch P, King EM, Clarke KA, Downes JM, Green LE. A systematic review of animal based indicators of sheep welfare on farm, at market and during transport, and qualitative appraisal of their validity and feasibility for use in UK abattoirs. Vet J 2015; 206:289-97. [PMID: 26598787 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the UK, it has been suggested that abattoirs are ideal locations to assess the welfare of sheep as most are slaughtered at abattoirs either as finished lambs or cull ewes. Data from abattoirs could provide benchmarks for welfare indicators at a national level, as well as demonstrating how these change over time. Additionally, feedback could be provided to farmers and regulatory authorities to help improve welfare and identify high or low standards for quality assurance or risk-based inspections. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted, which identified 48 animal-based indicators of sheep welfare that were categorised by the Five Freedoms. Their validity as measures of welfare and feasibility for use in abattoirs were evaluated as potential measures of prior sheep welfare on the farm of origin, at market, or during transportation to the abattoir. A total of 19 indicators were considered valid, of which nine were considered theoretically feasible for assessing sheep welfare at abattoirs; these were body cleanliness, carcass bruising, diarrhoea, skin lesions, skin irritation, castration, ear notching, tail docking and animals recorded as 'obviously sick'. Further investigation of these indicators is required to test their reliability and repeatability in abattoirs. Novel welfare indicators are needed to assess short-term hunger and thirst, prior normal behaviour and long-term fear and distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Llonch
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - E M King
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - K A Clarke
- One Health Veterinary Services, Newcastle upon Tyne NE20 9JU, UK
| | - J M Downes
- One Health Veterinary Services, Newcastle upon Tyne NE20 9JU, UK
| | - L E Green
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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21
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Ráez-Bravo A, Granados JE, Cerón JJ, Cano-Manuel FJ, Fandos P, Pérez JM, Espinosa J, Soriguer RC, López-Olvera JR. Acute phase proteins increase with sarcoptic mange status and severity in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica, Schinz 1838). Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4005-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Ersdal C, Jørgensen HJ, Lie KI. Acute and Chronic Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Infection in Lambs. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:635-43. [PMID: 25377692 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814556187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyarthritis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a relatively common infection in lambs characterized by low mortality and high morbidity. E. rhusiopathiae is a ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterium that is both a commensal and a pathogen of vertebrates. The disease was studied during an outbreak in a Norwegian Spæl sheep flock. In the acute phase, 48 of 230 (20%) lambs developed clinical signs and 4 died (1.7%). One acute case was necropsied and E. rhusiopathiae was cultured from all major organs investigated and from joints. There was a fibrinous polyarthritis, increased presence of monocytes in vessels, and necrosis of Purkinje cells. Sixteen of the diseased animals (33%) developed a chronic polyarthritis. Eight of these lambs were necropsied; all had lesions in major limb joints, and 3 of 8 also had lesions in the atlanto-occipital joint. At this stage, E. rhusiopathiae was cultured only from the joints in 7 of 8 (87.5%) lambs, but by real-time polymerase chain reaction, we showed persistence of the bacterium in several organs. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of the bacterial isolates indicated that the same strain caused the acute and chronic disease. Five of 6 (83%) chronically affected animals had amyloidosis of the spleen, and 6 of 8 (75%) had amyloidosis of the liver. All chronically affected animals had a glomerulonephritis, and 6 of 8 (75%) had sparse degeneration in the brain. Ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin were significantly increased in the chronically diseased lambs. These results show that chronic ovine erysipelas is not restricted to joints but is a multisystemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ersdal
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Sandnes, Norway
| | - H J Jørgensen
- Department of Laboratory Services, Bacteriology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - K-I Lie
- Department of Health Surveillance, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Sandnes, Norway
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23
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Fischer K, Walton S. Parasitic mites of medical and veterinary importance--is there a common research agenda? Int J Parasitol 2014; 44:955-67. [PMID: 25218570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There are an estimated 0.5-1 million mite species on earth. Among the many mites that are known to affect humans and animals, only a subset are parasitic but these can cause significant disease. We aim here to provide an overview of the most recent work in this field in order to identify common biological features of these parasites and to inform common strategies for future research. There is a critical need for diagnostic tools to allow for better surveillance and for drugs tailored specifically to the respective parasites. Multi-'omics' approaches represent a logical and timely strategy to identify the appropriate mite molecules. Recent advances in sequencing technology enable us to generate de novo genome sequence data, even from limited DNA resources. Consequently, the field of mite genomics has recently emerged and will now rapidly expand, which is a particular advantage for parasitic mites that cannot be cultured in vitro. Investigations of the microbiota associated with mites will elucidate the link between parasites and pathogens, and define the role of the mite in transmission and pathogenesis. The databases generated will provide the crucial knowledge essential to design novel diagnostic tools, control measures, prophylaxes, drugs and immunotherapies against the mites and associated secondary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Fischer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Infectious Diseases Program, Biology Department, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Shelley Walton
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
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Hernández-Castellano LE, Almeida AM, Ventosa M, Coelho AV, Castro N, Argüello A. The effect of colostrum intake on blood plasma proteome profile in newborn lambs: low abundance proteins. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:85. [PMID: 24708841 PMCID: PMC4108057 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colostrum intake by newborn lambs plays a fundamental role in the perinatal period, ensuring lamb survival. In this study, blood plasma samples from two groups of newborn lambs (Colostrum group and Delayed Colostrum group) at 2 and 14 h after birth were treated to reduce the content of high abundance proteins and analyzed using Two-Dimensional Differential in Gel Electrophoresis and MALDI MS/MS for protein identification in order to investigate low abundance proteins with immune function in newborn lambs. RESULTS The results showed that four proteins were increased in the blood plasma of lambs due to colostrum intake. These proteins have not been previously described as increased in blood plasma of newborn ruminants by colostrum intake. Moreover, these proteins have been described as having an immune function in other species, some of which were previously identified in colostrum and milk. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, colostrum intake modified the low abundance proteome profile of blood plasma from newborn lambs, increasing the concentration of apolipoprotein A-IV, plasminogen, serum amyloid A and fibrinogen, demonstrating that colostrum is essential, not only for the provision of immunoglobulins, but also because of increases in several low abundance proteins with immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Martinho Almeida
- Instituto de Tecnología Química e Biologica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT) & Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ventosa
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Varela Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnología Química e Biologica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Noemí Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Anastasio Argüello
- Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
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