1
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Chung HH, Seo SH, Kim H, Kim Y, Kim DW, Lee KH, Lee KT, Heo JS, Han IW, Park SM, Jang KT, Lee JK, Park JK. Postoperative Prognostic Predictors of Bile Duct Cancers: Clinical Analysis and Immunoassays of Tissue Microarrays. Gut Liver 2023; 17:159-169. [PMID: 36317517 PMCID: PMC9840923 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Cholangiocarcinoma frequently recurs even after curative resection. Expression levels of proteins such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Snail, epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) examined by immunohistochemistry have been studied as potential prognostic factors for cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate significant factors affecting the prognosis of resectable cholangiocarcinoma. Methods Ninety-one patients who underwent surgical resection at Samsung Medical Center for cholangiocarcinoma from 1995 to 2013 were included in this study. Expression levels of E-cadherin, Snail, IL-6, membranous EGFR, and cytoplasmic EGFR were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray blocks made from surgical specimens. Results Patients with high levels of membranous EGFR in tissue microarrays had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS): high membranous EGFR (score 0-2) 38.0 months versus low membranous EGFR (score 3) 14.4 months (p=0.008) and high membranous EGFR (score 0-2) 23.2 months versus low membranous EGFR (score 3) 6.1 months (p=0.004), respectively. On the other hand, E-cadherin, Snail, cytoplasmic EGFR, and IL-6 did not show significant association with OS or DFS. Patients with distant metastasis had significantly higher IL-6 levels than those with locoregional recurrence (p=0.01). Conclusions This study showed that overexpression of membranous EGFR was significantly associated with shorter OS and DFS in surgically resected bile duct cancer patients. In addition, higher IL-6 expression was a predictive marker for recurrence in cholangiocarcinoma patients with distant organ metastasis after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwe Hoon Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Seo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuil Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Hyuck Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Taek Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Heo
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Woong Han
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Mee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kee-Taek Jang
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Kee-Taek Jang, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7987-4437, E-mail
| | - Jong Kyun Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Jong Kyun Lee, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-3079, E-mail
| | - Joo Kyung Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding AuthorJoo Kyung Park, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9652-5287, E-mail
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Liu R, Lee JH, Li J, Yu R, Tan L, Xia Y, Zheng Y, Bian XL, Lorenzi PL, Chen Q, Lu Z. Choline kinase alpha 2 acts as a protein kinase to promote lipolysis of lipid droplets. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2722-2735.e9. [PMID: 34077757 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are important for cancer cell growth and survival. However, the mechanism underlying the initiation of lipid droplet lipolysis is not well understood. We demonstrate here that glucose deprivation induces the binding of choline kinase (CHK) α2 to lipid droplets, which is sequentially mediated by AMPK-dependent CHKα2 S279 phosphorylation and KAT5-dependent CHKα2 K247 acetylation. Importantly, CHKα2 with altered catalytic domain conformation functions as a protein kinase and phosphorylates PLIN2 at Y232 and PLIN3 at Y251. The phosphorylated PLIN2/3 dissociate from lipid droplets and are degraded by Hsc70-mediated autophagy, thereby promoting lipid droplet lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and brain tumor growth. In addition, levels of CHKα2 S279 phosphorylation, CHKα2 K247 acetylation, and PLIN2/3 phosphorylation are positively correlated with one another in human glioblastoma specimens and are associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. These findings underscore the role of CHKα2 as a protein kinase in lipolysis and glioblastoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610051, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Lin Tan
- The Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Neuro-Oncology and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Department of Neuro-Oncology and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xue-Li Bian
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- The Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
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3
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Gao S, Gao L, Wang S, Shi X, Yue C, Wei S, Zuo L, Zhang L, Qin X. ATF3 Suppresses Growth and Metastasis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Deactivating EGFR/AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:618987. [PMID: 33816467 PMCID: PMC8017234 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.618987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers in East Asia, with high incidence and mortality. Accumulating evidence has shown that ATF3 is associated with tumor progression. Methods Using qPCR, the expression of ATF3 was detected in 93 patients with ccRCC, including 24 paired normal and tumor tissues, which were used to further compare ATF3 expression through western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Lentivirus was used for the overexpression or knockdown of ATF3, and the consequent alteration in function was analyzed through CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, invasion assay, and flow cytometry. The potential mechanism affected by ATF3 was analyzed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and verified using western blotting, invasion assay, or immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, a xenograft mouse model was used to assess the function of ATF3 in vivo. Results ATF3 expression was significantly decreased in ccRCC compared to that in adjacent normal tissues. Through gain- and loss-of-function experiments performed in an in vitro assay, we found that ATF3 could regulate ccRCC cell proliferation, cycle progression, migration, and invasion. In the in vivo study, the xenograft mouse model revealed that ATF3 overexpression can inhibit the growth of ccRCC. Moreover, the mechanism analysis showed that suppression of ATF3 could lead to an increase the expression of β-catenin and promote β-catenin transfer to the nucleus, and might be affected by EGFR/AKT/GSK3β signaling. Conclusion ATF3 could be utilized as an independent protective factor to inhibit the progression of ccRCC. Potential treatment strategies for ccRCC include targeting the ATF3/EGFR/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Simin Wang
- Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaokai Shi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chuang Yue
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shuzhang Wei
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xihu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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4
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Elagali AM, Suliman AA, Altayeb M, Dannoun AI, Parine NR, Sakr HI, Suliman HS, Motawee ME. Human papillomavirus, gene mutation and estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:43. [PMID: 33854672 PMCID: PMC8017370 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.43.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction recent studies show a good relationship between breast cancer (BC) and human papillomaviruses (HPV) wich is responsible for about 18% of BC cases. This study aimed to assess the relationship between different genotypes of HPV and the expression of P53 and retinoblastoma (RB) genes and estrogen and progesterone receptors in BC among Sudanese women. Methods one hundred and fifty tissue blocks were obtained from females diagnosed with BC. Positive samples were used to determine genotypes with an applied biosystem (ABI 3730XL) genetic analyzer for sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Results 13/150 samples showed HPV DNA. High-risk HPV-16 was detected in 5 cases, high-risk-HPV-58 was found in four cases, and HPV-18 was detected in three cases. Low-risk-HPV-11 was detected in a single invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) case. P53 and RB gene mutations were detected in 35 and 30 BC cases, respectively. P53 gene mutation was frequently identified in grade (III) BC while RB gene mutation was positive in grade (II). Grade (II) BC had a higher incidence of HPV-16 and 58. On the other hand, HPV-18 had a higher incidence in grade (III). Estrogen and progesterone receptors were expressed in 94 and 79 HPV cases among the study group, respectively. Conclusion this study elucidates the associations between HPV genotypes and BC. A statistically significant association was observed among p53 and RB gene mutations and different BC histological types. On the other hand, there was a statistically insignificant association between HPV genotyping and different BC gradings, BC histological types, P53 and RB genes mutations, and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression. Also, there was a statistically insignificant association among estrogen and progesterone receptors expression and BC grading. RB gene mutation was significantly associated with different BC grades. On the other hand, there was a statistically insignificant association between progesterone receptor expression and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Mohammed Elagali
- Faculty of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College of Science and Technology, Jeddah, KSA.,Histopathology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Graduate Study and Scientific Research, National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed Abdelbadie Suliman
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Altayeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College of Science and Technology, Jeddah, KSA.,Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, KSA
| | - Anas Ibrahim Dannoun
- Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, KSA
| | - Narasimha Reddy Parine
- Medical Genetics Department, Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Hader Ibrahim Sakr
- Physiology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - Howayda Saeed Suliman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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5
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Pariente-Pérez T, Aguilar-Alonso F, Solano JD, Vargas-Olvera C, Curiel-Muñiz P, Mendoza-Rodríguez CA, Tenorio-Hernández D, Ibarra-Rubio ME. Differential behavior of NF-κB, IκBα and EGFR during the renal carcinogenic process in an experimental model in vivo. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3153-3164. [PMID: 32256811 PMCID: PMC7074249 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of cancer of the adult kidney. It is generally asymptomatic even at advanced stages, so opportune diagnosis is rare, making it almost impossible to study this cancer at its early stages. RCC tumors induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) in rats histologically correspond to the human clear cell RCC subtype (ccRCC) and the exposure to this carcinogen during either one or two months leads to different early stages of neoplastic development. High levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as low levels of NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα) are frequent in human RCC, but their status in FeNTA-induced tumors and their evolution along renal carcinogenesis is unclear. On this basis, in the present study NF-κB, IκBα and EGFR behavior was analyzed at different stages of the experimental renal carcinogenesis model. Similar to patients with RCC, neoplastic tissue showed high levels of p65, one of the predominant subunits of NF-κB in ccRCC and of EGFR (protein and mRNA), as well as a decrease in the levels of NF-κB's main inhibitor, IκBα, resulting in a classic oncogenic combination. Conversely, different responses were observed at early stages of carcinogenesis. After one month of FeNTA-exposure, NF-κB activity and EGFR levels augmented; but unexpectedly, IκBα also did. While after two months, NF-κB activity diminished, but EGFR and IκBα levels remained elevated. In conclusion, FeNTA-induced tumors and RCC human neoplasms are analogues regarding to the classic NF-κB, IκBα and EGFR behavior, and distinctive non-conventional combination of changes is developed at each early stage studied. The results obtained suggest that the dysregulation of the analyzed molecules could be related to different signaling pathways and therefore, to particular effects depending on the phase of the carcinogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Pariente-Pérez
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory F-225, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Francisco Aguilar-Alonso
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory F-225, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - José Dolores Solano
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory F-225, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Chabetty Vargas-Olvera
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory F-225, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Patricia Curiel-Muñiz
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory F-225, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela Tenorio-Hernández
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory F-225, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - María Elena Ibarra-Rubio
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory F-225, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX 04510, Mexico
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6
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Inhibition of Alternative Cancer Cell Metabolism of EGFR Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Serves as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010181. [PMID: 31936895 PMCID: PMC7017237 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is an efficient treatment for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapeutic resistance invariably occurs in NSCLC patients. Many studies have focused on drug resistance mechanisms, but only a few have addressed the metabolic flexibility in drug-resistant NSCLC. In the present study, we found that during the developing resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), TKI-resistant NSCLC cells acquired metabolic flexibility in that they switched from dependence on glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation by substantially increasing the activity of the mitochondria. Concurrently, we found the predominant expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1) in the TKI-resistant NSCLC cells was strongly increased in those cells that oxidized lactate. Thus, we hypothesized that inhibiting MCT-1 could represent a novel treatment strategy. We treated cells with the MCT-1 inhibitor AZD3965. We found a significant decrease in cell proliferation and cell motility in TKI-sensitive and TKI-resistant cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells harbored higher mitochondrial bioenergetics and MCT-1 expression. These results implied that targeting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins or MCT-1 could serve as potential treatments for both TKI-sensitive and -resistant non-small cell lung cancer.
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7
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Yin L, Gao S, Shi H, Wang K, Yang H, Peng B. TIP-B1 promotes kidney clear cell carcinoma growth and metastasis via EGFR/AKT signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7914-7937. [PMID: 31562290 PMCID: PMC6782011 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most prevalent kidney malignancy. Accumulating evidence shows that high expression of TIP-B1 correlates with development of tumor progression. However, the detailed functions of TIP-B1 in the KIRC remain to be further elucidated. Here, we firstly found TIP-B1 expression was significantly increased in KIRC compared with adjacent normal tissues. What’s more, higher expression of TIP-B1 were correlated with aggressive clinico-pathological characteristics. In vitro assay found TIP-B1 knockdown dramatically inhibited KIRC cells proliferation, migration and invasion. In vivo assay found down regulated TIP-B1 could suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Mechanism analysis indicated that TIP-B1 could bind EGFR and suppress EGFR degradation, then promoted EGF-induced AKT signaling. Together, TIP-B1 could be applied as an independent risk factor to predict KIRC progression and metastasis. Targeting TIP-B1 might be a new potential therapeutic strategy for KIRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Gao
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine in Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Ali Beg MM, Fahdil SR, Yadav P, Shukla KK, Mohan A, Saxena A. Association of EGFR 1 Gene Alteration and their Association with Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:825-830. [PMID: 30912007 PMCID: PMC6825767 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.3.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR1) plays a significant role in cell proliferation and
development. Its regulation in humans is very critical and incompletely understood in Non small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC). Methods: 100 newly diagnosed NSCLC (lung adenocarcinoma) patients and 100 healthy controls were
included and allele specific (AS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to genotype and expression was analyzed
by quantitative real time PCR. Overall survival of patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and for prognostic
significance ROC curve was plotted. Results: A statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) in CC, AA and CA
genotypes distribution among patients and healthy controls was observed. Compared to the CC genotype as reference,
OR was 30.40 (95%CI 1.75- 524.9, p=0.0002) and 3.97 (95%CI 1.49-10.52, p=0.003) for the homozygous AA and
heterozygous CA genotypes respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was also performed to analyze the relationship
of EGFR1 (-191C/A) genotypes with progression free median survival of NSCLC patients and the difference was
found to be significantly (p=0.0002) associated with different genotypes. In the ROC curve with respect to TNM stage
at optimal cut-off value of 9.88 fold increase in EGFR1 mRNA expression, sensitivity and specificity were 92.9%,
83.3% respectively (AUC=0.95, p<0.0001). ROC curve w.r.t. distant metastases at optimal cut-off value of 13.5 fold
change EGFR1 mRNA expression, sensitivity and specificity were 68.2%, 71.4% respectively (AUC=0.81, p<0.0001).
In ROC curve w.r.t to presence/ absence of pleural effusion at optimal cut-off value of 14.8 fold change EGFR1
mRNA expression sensitivity and specificity were 66.7%, 68.2% respectively (AUC=0.71, p=0.009). Conclusions:
Study concluded EGFR1 promoter polymorphism could be a risk factor associated with disease and may be used as
prognostic marker for patients’ survival and predictor for disease worseness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Prasant Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kamla kant Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorder All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
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9
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Jiang X, Chen X, Carpenter TJ, Wang J, Zhou R, Davis HM, Heald DL, Wang W. Development of a Target cell-Biologics-Effector cell (TBE) complex-based cell killing model to characterize target cell depletion by T cell redirecting bispecific agents. MAbs 2018; 10:876-889. [PMID: 29985776 PMCID: PMC6152432 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1480299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) or antibody-derived agents that combine tumor antigen recognition with CD3-mediated T cell recruitment are highly potent tumor-killing molecules. Despite the tremendous progress achieved in the last decade, development of such bsAbs still faces many challenges. This work aimed to develop a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling framework that can be used to assist the development of T-cell redirecting bsAbs. A Target cell-Biologics-Effector cell (TBE) complex-based cell killing model was developed using in vitro and in vivo data, which incorporates information on binding affinities of bsAbs to CD3 and target receptors, expression levels of CD3 and target receptors, concentrations of effector and target cells, as well as respective physiological parameters. This TBE model can simultaneously evaluate the effect of multiple system-specific and drug-specific factors on the T-cell redirecting bsAb exposure-response relationship on a physiological basis; it reasonably captured multiple reported in vitro cytotoxicity data, and successfully predicted the effect of some key factors on in vitro cytotoxicity assays and the efficacious dose of blinatumomab in humans. The mechanistic nature of this model uniquely positions it as a knowledge-based platform that can be readily expanded to guide target selection, drug design, candidate selection and clinical dosing regimen projection, and thus support the overall discovery and development of T-cell redirecting bsAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Jiang
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Carpenter
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Zhou
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | - Hugh M. Davis
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Donald L. Heald
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Weirong Wang
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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10
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Dehghani M, Brobey RK, Wang Y, Souza G, Amato RJ, Rosenblatt KP. Klotho inhibits EGF-induced cell migration in Caki-1 cells through inactivation of EGFR and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26737-26750. [PMID: 29928482 PMCID: PMC6003560 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho is a single-pass transmembrane protein with documented anti-cancer properties. Recent reports have implicated Klotho as an inhibitor of transforming growth factor β1 induced cell migration in renal fibrosis. Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to promote tumor initiation and progression in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (cRCC). We tested our hypothesis that Klotho inhibits EGF-mediated cell migration in cRCC by interfering with the EGFR signaling complex and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. We performed cell adhesion, migration, and biochemical studies in vitro using Caki-1 cell line. In addition, we validated the cell culture studies with expression analysis of six de-identified FFPE tissues from primary and metastatic cRCC patients. Our studies show that Klotho inhibited EGF-induced Caki-1 de-adhesion and decreased spreading on collagen type 1. Klotho also inhibited EGF-induced α2β1 integrin-dependent cell migration on collagen type 1. To test the involvement of MAPK pathways in EGF-induced Caki-1 cell motility, the cells were pretreated with either SB203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, or Klotho. SB203580 blocked the EGF-induced Caki-1 cell migration. Klotho had a comparable inhibitory effect. Our FFPE clinical specimens revealed decreased Klotho mRNA expression compared to a control, non-cancer kidney tissue. The decrease in Klotho mRNA levels correlated with increased c-Src expression, while E-Cadherin was relatively reduced in metastatic FFPE specimens where Klotho was least expressed. Taken together, these results suggest that secreted Klotho inhibits EGF-induced pro-migratory cell morphological changes and migration in Caki-1 cells. Our data additionally suggest that decreased Klotho expression may be involved in cRCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dehghani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Reynolds K Brobey
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Yue Wang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Glauco Souza
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America.,n3D Biosciences, Inc., Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Robert J Amato
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Kevin P Rosenblatt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America.,NX Prenatal, Inc., Bellaire, Texas 77401, United States of America.,Consultative Genomics, PLLC, Bellaire, Texas 77401, United States of America
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11
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Hong Y, Park C, Kim N, Cho J, Moon SU, Kim J, Jeong E, Yoon S. QSurface: fast identification of surface expression markers in cancers. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:17. [PMID: 29560830 PMCID: PMC5861488 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Cell surface proteins have provided useful targets and biomarkers for advanced cancer therapies. The recent clinical success of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) highlights the importance of finding selective surface antigens for given cancer subtypes. We thus attempted to develop stand-alone software for the analysis of the cell surface transcriptome of patient cancer samples and to prioritize lineage- and/or mutation-specific over-expression markers in cancer cells. Results A total of 519 genes were selected as surface proteins, and their expression was profiled in 14 cancer subtypes using patient sample transcriptome data. Lineage/mutation-oriented analysis was used to identify subtype-specific surface markers with statistical confidence. Experimental validation confirmed the unique over-expression of predicted surface markers (MUC4, MSLN, and SLC7A11) in lung cancer cells at the protein level. The differential cell surface gene expression of cell lines may differ from that of tissue samples due to the absence of the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions In the present study, advanced 3D models of lung cell lines successfully reproduced the predicted patterns, demonstrating the physiological relevance of cell line-based 3D models in validating surface markers from patient tumor data. Also QSurface software is freely available at http://compbio.sookmyung.ac.kr/~qsurface. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0541-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ung Moon
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Hyochangwon-gil 52, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna Jeong
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Hyochangwon-gil 52, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sukjoon Yoon
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics & Systems medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Hyochangwon-gil 52, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Peng Y, Prater AR, Deutscher SL. Targeting aggressive prostate cancer-associated CD44v6 using phage display selected peptides. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86747-86768. [PMID: 29156833 PMCID: PMC5689723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a crucial need to identify new biomarkers associated with aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) including those associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). CD44v6, generated by alternative splicing of CD44, has been proposed as a CSC biomarker due to its correlation with aggressive PCa disease. We hypothesized that phage display selected peptides that target CD44v6 may serve as theranostic agents for aggressive PCa. Here, a 15 amino acid peptide ("PFT") was identified by affinity selection against a peptide derived from the v6 region of CD44v6. Synthesized PFT exhibited specific binding to CD44v6 with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 743.4 nM. PFT also bound CD44v6 highly expressed on human PCa cell lines. Further, an aggressive form of PCa cells (v6A3) was isolated and tagged by a novel CSC reporter vector. The v6A3 cells had a CSC-like phenotype including enriched CD44v6 expression, enhanced clonogenicity, resistance to chemotherapeutics, and generation of heterogeneous offspring. PFT exhibited preferential binding to v6A3 cells compared to parental cells. Immunohistofluorescence studies with human PCa tissue microarrays (TMA) indicated that PFT was highly accurate in detecting CD44v6-positive aggressive PCa cells, and staining positivity was significantly higher in late stage, metastatic and higher-grade samples. Taken together, this study provides for the first time phage display selected peptides that target CD44v6 overexpressed on PCa cells. Peptide PFT may be explored as an aid in the diagnosis and therapy of advanced PCa disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Austin R Prater
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Susan L Deutscher
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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13
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Bissinger O, Kolk A, Drecoll E, Straub M, Lutz C, Wolff KD, Götz C. EGFR and Cortactin: Markers for potential double target therapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4620-4626. [PMID: 29201160 PMCID: PMC5704320 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival periods of patients following surgical therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have previously been demonstrated to decrease over recent decades. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Cortactin are molecular markers that are important in tumour progression and development, and interact within the EGF pathway. Although EGFR antibody therapy exists, sufficient efforts for increased survival are still lacking due to the present limited response rates. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between EGFR and Cortactin expression on survival rates of OSCC patients and to determine whether EGFR and Cortactin expression levels are associated with advanced tumor sizes and lymphnode-metastases. In total, 222 OSCC patients were included in the study. EGFR and Cortactin expression in tumor tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Cox regression was used for survival analysis. Categories were tested for associations by using cross tabs (Chi-square test). Groups were compared by the non-parametric Mann Whitney U-test. Probabilities of less than 0.05 were considered significant and significant expression of Cortactin was observed in Advanced Union Internationale Contre le Cancer stage (P=0.032), including advanced tumour stage (P=0.021) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.049). High Cortactin expression was significantly associated with poorer survival rates (P=0.037). Further Cortactin expression was not associated with extracapsular spread, however EGFR exhibited a significant association (P=0.034). Neither EGFR nor Cortactin expression was correlated to grading. EGFR and Cortactin co-expression was demonstrated to be significantly associated with poorer survival rates in OSCC patients, suggesting that identification of predictive biomarkers for adjuvant therapies are of primary concern in OSCC. In particular, efficient dual-target therapy may act as an appropriate therapy to improve survival time for patients at advanced OSCC tumor stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bissinger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kolk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Enken Drecoll
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Straub
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Lutz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Götz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
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14
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Geißler AL, Geißler M, Kottmann D, Lutz L, Fichter CD, Fritsch R, Weddeling B, Makowiec F, Werner M, Lassmann S. ATM mutations and E-cadherin expression define sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17164-17190. [PMID: 28199979 PMCID: PMC5370031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR-targeted therapy is a key treatment approach in patients with RAS wildtype metastatic colorectal cancers (CRC). Still, also RAS wildtype CRC may be resistant to EGFR-targeted therapy, with few predictive markers available for improved stratification of patients. Here, we investigated response of 7 CRC cell lines (Caco-2, DLD1, HCT116, HT29, LS174T, RKO, SW480) to Cetuximab and correlated this to NGS-based mutation profiles, EGFR promoter methylation and EGFR expression status as well as to E-cadherin expression. Moreover, tissue specimens of primary and/or recurrent tumors as well as liver and/or lung metastases of 25 CRC patients having received Cetuximab and/or Panitumumab were examined for the same molecular markers. In vitro and in situ analyses showed that EGFR promoter methylation and EGFR expression as well as the MSI and or CIMP-type status did not guide treatment responses. In fact, EGFR-targeted treatment responses were also observed in RAS exon 2 p.G13 mutated CRC cell lines or CRC cases and were further linked to PIK3CA exon 9 mutations. In contrast, non-response to EGFR-targeted treatment was associated with ATM mutations and low E-cadherin expression. Moreover, down-regulation of E-cadherin by siRNA in otherwise Cetuximab responding E-cadherin positive cells abrogated their response. Hence, we here identify ATM and E-cadherin expression as potential novel supportive predictive markers for EGFR-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Geißler
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Geißler
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel Kottmann
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lisa Lutz
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christiane D Fichter
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ralph Fritsch
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, All Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Britta Weddeling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, All Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Frank Makowiec
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, All Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, All Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Silke Lassmann
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, All Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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15
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Is there an association between enhanced choline and β-catenin pathway in breast cancer? A pilot study by MR Spectroscopy and ELISA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2221. [PMID: 28533512 PMCID: PMC5440410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Total choline (tCho) was documented as a biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis by in vivo MRS. To understand the molecular mechanisms behind elevated tCho in breast cancer, an association of tCho with β-catenin and cyclin D1 was evaluated. Hundred fractions from 20 malignant, 10 benign and 20 non-involved breast tissues were isolated. Cytosolic and nuclear expressions of β-catenin and cyclin D1 were estimated using ELISA. Higher tCho was seen in malignant compared to benign tissues. Malignant tissues showed higher cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin expressions than benign and non-involved tissues. Within malignant tissues, β-catenin and cyclin D1 expressions were higher in the nucleus than cytosol. Cyclin D1 expression was higher in the cytosolic fractions of benign and non-involved than malignant tissues. Furthermore, in malignant tissues, tCho showed a positive correlation with the cytosolic and nuclear expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 and also a correlation between nuclear expressions of both these proteins was seen. Higher cytosolic β-catenin expression was seen in progesterone receptor negative than positive patients. Results provide an evidence of correlation between non-invasive biomarker, tCho and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The findings explain the molecular mechanism of tCho elevation which may facilitate exploration of additional therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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16
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Arnli MB, Backer-Grøndahl T, Ytterhus B, Granli US, Lydersen S, Gulati S, Torp SH. Expression and clinical value of EGFR in human meningiomas. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3140. [PMID: 28367377 PMCID: PMC5374971 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors in humans that frequently recur despite having a predominantly benign nature. Even though these tumors have been shown to commonly express EGFR/c-erbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor), results from previous studies are uncertain regarding the expression of either intracellular or extracellular domains, cellular localization, activation state, relations to malignancy grade, and prognosis. Aims This study was designed to investigate the expression of the intracellular and extracellular domains of EGFR and of the activated receptor as well as its ligands EGF and TGFα in a large series of meningiomas with long follow-up data, and investigate if there exists an association between antibody expression and clinical and histological data. Methods A series of 186 meningiomas consecutively operated within a 10-year period was included. Tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemically analyzed with antibodies targeting intracellular and extracellular domains of EGFR, phosphorylated receptor, and EGF and TGFα. Expression levels were recorded as a staining index (SI). Results Positive immunoreactivity was observed for all antibodies in most cases. There was in general high SIs for the intracellular domain of EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR, EGF, and TGFα but lower for the extracellular domain. Normal meninges were negative for all antibodies. Higher SIs for the phosphorylated EGFR were observed in grade II tumors compared with grade I (p = 0.018). Survival or recurrence was significantly decreased in the time to recurrence analysis (TTR) with high SI-scores of the extracellular domain in a univariable survival analysis (HR 1.152, CI (1.036–1.280, p = 0.009)). This was not significant in a multivariable analysis. Expression of the other antigens did not affect survival. Conclusion EGFR is overexpressed and in an activated state in human meningiomas. High levels of ligands also support this growth factor receptor system to be involved in meningioma tumorigenesis. EGFR may be a potential candidate for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus B Arnli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Thomas Backer-Grøndahl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Borgny Ytterhus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Unn S Granli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Sasha Gulati
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Sverre H Torp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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17
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Che TF, Lin CW, Wu YY, Chen YJ, Han CL, Chang YL, Wu CT, Hsiao TH, Hong TM, Yang PC. Mitochondrial translocation of EGFR regulates mitochondria dynamics and promotes metastasis in NSCLC. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37349-66. [PMID: 26497368 PMCID: PMC4741934 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the mitochondria is well-known for being associated with cancer progression. In the present study, we analyzed the mitochondria proteomics of lung cancer cell lines with different invasion abilities and found that EGFR is highly expressed in the mitochondria of highly invasive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. EGF induces the mitochondrial translocation of EGFR; further, it leads to mitochondrial fission and redistribution in the lamellipodia, upregulates cellular ATP production, and enhances motility in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, EGFR can regulate mitochondrial dynamics by interacting with Mfn1 and disturbing Mfn1 polymerization. Overexpression of Mfn1 reverses the phenotypes resulting from EGFR mitochondrial translocation. We show that the mitochondrial EGFR expressions are higher in paired samples of the metastatic lymph node as compared with primary lung tumor and are inversely correlated with the overall survival in NSCLC patients. Therefore, our results demonstrate that besides the canonical role of EGFR as a receptor tyrosine, the mitochondrial translocation of EGFR may enhance cancer invasion and metastasis through regulating mitochondria dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Fang Che
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica 115, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Han
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University 110, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-leong Chang
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tu Wu
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ming Hong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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18
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Cheng Q, Wållberg H, Grafström J, Lu L, Thorell JO, Hägg Olofsson M, Linder S, Johansson K, Tegnebratt T, Arnér ESJ, Stone-Elander S, Ahlzén HSM, Ståhl S. Preclinical PET imaging of EGFR levels: pairing a targeting with a non-targeting Sel-tagged Affibody-based tracer to estimate the specific uptake. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:58. [PMID: 27388754 PMCID: PMC4936982 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Though overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in several forms of cancer is considered to be an important prognostic biomarker related to poor prognosis, clear correlations between biomarker assays and patient management have been difficult to establish. Here, we utilize a targeting directly followed by a non-targeting tracer-based positron emission tomography (PET) method to examine some of the aspects of determining specific EGFR binding in tumors. Methods The EGFR-binding Affibody molecule ZEGFR:2377 and its size-matched non-binding control ZTaq:3638 were recombinantly fused with a C-terminal selenocysteine-containing Sel-tag (ZEGFR:2377-ST and ZTaq:3638-ST). The proteins were site-specifically labeled with DyLight488 for flow cytometry and ex vivo tissue analyses or with 11C for in vivo PET studies. Kinetic scans with the 11C-labeled proteins were performed in healthy mice and in mice bearing xenografts from human FaDu (squamous cell carcinoma) and A431 (epidermoid carcinoma) cell lines. Changes in tracer uptake in A431 xenografts over time were also monitored, followed by ex vivo proximity ligation assays (PLA) of EGFR expressions. Results Flow cytometry and ex vivo tissue analyses confirmed EGFR targeting by ZEGFR:2377-ST-DyLight488. [Methyl-11C]-labeled ZEGFR:2377-ST-CH3 and ZTaq:3638-ST-CH3 showed similar distributions in vivo, except for notably higher concentrations of the former in particularly the liver and the blood. [Methyl-11C]-ZEGFR:2377-ST-CH3 successfully visualized FaDu and A431 xenografts with moderate and high EGFR expression levels, respectively. However, in FaDu tumors, the non-specific uptake was large and sometimes equally large, illustrating the importance of proper controls. In the A431 group observed longitudinally, non-specific uptake remained at same level over the observation period. Specific uptake increased with tumor size, but changes varied widely over time in individual tumors. Total (membranous and cytoplasmic) EGFR in excised sections increased with tumor growth. There was no positive correlation between total EGFR and specific tracer uptake, which, since ZEGFR:2377 binds extracellularly and is slowly internalized, indicates a discordance between available membranous and total EGFR expression levels. Conclusions Same-day in vivo dual tracer imaging enabled by the Sel-tag technology and 11C-labeling provides a method to non-invasively monitor membrane-localized EGFR as well as factors affecting non-specific uptake of the PET ligand. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0213-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cheng
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Wållberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Grafström
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Department of Comparative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Olov Thorell
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neuroradiology Department, R3:00, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Hägg Olofsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Tegnebratt
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neuroradiology Department, R3:00, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon Stone-Elander
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Neuroradiology Department, R3:00, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Stefan Ståhl
- Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hutchinson RA, Adams RA, McArt DG, Salto-Tellez M, Jasani B, Hamilton PW. Epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry: new opportunities in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:217. [PMID: 26149458 PMCID: PMC4492076 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of cancer is becoming more precise, targeting specific oncogenic drivers with targeted molecular therapies. The epidermal growth factor receptor has been found to be over-expressed in a multitude of solid tumours. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in the fields of diagnostic and personalised medicine to localise and visualise disease specific proteins. To date the clinical utility of epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry in determining monoclonal antibody efficacy has remained somewhat inconclusive. The lack of an agreed reproducible scoring criteria for epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry has, in various clinical trials yielded conflicting results as to the use of epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry assay as a companion diagnostic. This has resulted in this test being removed from the licence for the drug panitumumab and not performed in clinical practice for cetuximab. In this review we explore the reasons behind this with a particular emphasis on colorectal cancer, and to suggest a way of resolving the situation through improving the precision of epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry with quantitative image analysis of digitised images complemented with companion molecular morphological techniques such as in situ hybridisation and section based gene mutation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Hutchinson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Waring Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Centre for Translational Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Richard A Adams
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Genetics Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Darragh G McArt
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Bharat Jasani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Peter W Hamilton
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.
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20
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Mirza Z, Schulten HJ, Farsi HM, Al-Maghrabi JA, Gari MA, Chaudhary AG, Abuzenadah AM, Al-Qahtani MH, Karim S. Molecular interaction of a kinase inhibitor midostaurin with anticancer drug targets, S100A8 and EGFR: transcriptional profiling and molecular docking study for kidney cancer therapeutics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119765. [PMID: 25789858 PMCID: PMC4366044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The S100A8 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) proteins are proto-oncogenes that are strongly expressed in a number of cancer types. EGFR promotes cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival by activating molecular pathways. Involvement of proinflammatory S100A8 in tumor cell differentiation and progression is largely unclear and not studied in kidney cancer (KC). S100A8 and EGFR are potential therapeutic biomarkers and anticancer drug targets for KC. In this study, we explored molecular mechanisms of interaction profiles of both molecules with potential anticancer drugs. We undertook transcriptional profiling in Saudi KCs using Affymetrix HuGene 1.0 ST arrays. We identified 1478 significantly expressed genes, including S100A8 and EGFR overexpression, using cut-off p value <0.05 and fold change ≥2. Additionally, we compared and confirmed our findings with expression data available at NCBI's GEO database. A significant number of genes associated with cancer showed involvement in cell cycle progression, DNA repair, tumor morphology, tissue development, and cell survival. Atherosclerosis signaling, leukocyte extravasation signaling, notch signaling, and IL-12 signaling were the most significantly disrupted signaling pathways. The present study provides an initial transcriptional profiling of Saudi KC patients. Our analysis suggests distinct transcriptomic signatures and pathways underlying molecular mechanisms of KC progression. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the kinase inhibitor "midostaurin" has amongst the selected drug targets, the best ligand properties to S100A8 and EGFR, with the implication that its binding inhibits downstream signaling in KC. This is the first structure-based docking study for the selected protein targets and anticancer drug, and the results indicate S100A8 and EGFR as attractive anticancer targets and midostaurin with effective drug properties for therapeutic intervention in KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Mirza
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Ma Farsi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah A. Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdooh A. Gari
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Ga Chaudhary
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO BOX 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Evaluation of EGFR, KRAS and BRAF gene mutations in renal cell carcinoma. J Kidney Cancer VHL 2014; 1:40-45. [PMID: 28326248 PMCID: PMC5345528 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2014.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients has been shown to respond to anti-EGFR therapy. As KRAS and BRAF mutations are associated with poor response to anti-EGFR therapy in some cancers, it has been suggested that screening for KRAS and BRAF mutations in RCC may be a promising strategy to identify patients who might respond to EGFR-targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutation status of EGFR, KRAS and BRAF in RCC patients. Renal tumors and normal renal samples from forty-eight patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for kidney cancer were used in this study. Histological classification of the tumors was performed according to International Union against Cancer (UICC) / American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification. Seventeen patients (48%) had clear-cell RCC, 7 (20%) had chromophobe RCC, and 11 patients (32%) had papillary RCC. DNA isolated from the samples was subjected to melting curve mutation analysis for EGFR, BRAF and KRAS using ABI-3130 DNA sequencer. DNA sequencing analysis of RCC samples, when compared with morphologically normal matched regions, did not show any exon mutations. Our results do not support the notion that EGFR, KRAS and BRAF might be mutated in RCC.
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EGFR mediates docetaxel resistance in human castration-resistant prostate cancer through the Akt-dependent expression of ABCB1 (MDR1). Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:591-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Wu Y, Kim J, Elshimali Y, Sarkissyan M, Vadgama JV. Activation of Akt1 accelerates carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis in mammary gland of virgin and post-lactating transgenic mice. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:266. [PMID: 24742286 PMCID: PMC4021211 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data from in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that activation of Akt regulates cell survival signaling and plays a key role in tumorigenesis. Hence, transgenic mice were created to explore the oncogenic role of Akt1 in the development of mammary tumors. Methods The transgenic mice were generated by expressing myristoylated-Akt1 (myr-Akt1) under the control of the MMTV-LTR promoter. The carcinogen 7, 12 dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) was used to induce tumor formation. Results The MMTV driven myr-Akt1 transgene expression was detected primarily in the mammary glands, uterus, and ovaries. The expression level increased significantly in lactating mice, suggesting that the response was hormone dependent. The total Akt expression level in the mammary gland was also higher in the lactating mice. Interestingly, the expression of MMTVmyr-Akt1 in the ovaries of the transgenic mice caused significant increase in circulating estrogen levels, even at the post-lactation stage. Expression of myr-Akt1 in mammary glands alone did not increase the frequency of tumor formation. However, there was an increased susceptibility of forming mammary tumors induced by DMBA in the transgenic mice, especially in mice post-lactation. Within 34 weeks, DMBA induced mammary tumors in 42.9% of transgenic mice post-lactation, but not in wild-type mice post-lactation. The myr-Akt1 mammary tumors induced by DMBA had increased phosphorylated-Akt1 and showed strong expression of estrogen receptor (ERα) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In addition, Cyclin D1 was more frequently up-regulated in mammary tumors from transgenic mice compared to tumors from wild-type mice. Overexpression of Cyclin D1, however, was not completely dependent on activated Akt1. Interestingly, mammary tumors that had metastasized to secondary sites had increased expression of Twist and Slug, but low expression of Cyclin D1. Conclusions In summary, the MMTVmyr-Akt1 transgenic mouse model could be useful to study mechanisms of ER-positive breast tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R, Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
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EGFR expression in vulvar cancer: clinical implications and tumor heterogeneity. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:917-25. [PMID: 24746196 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 150 cases of invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, gene copy number status by fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in a smaller set of samples. Results were correlated with patient's clinical data and prognostic factors. EGFR overexpression (2+ and 3+) was observed on the membrane in 24.66% and 21.33% of all cases, respectively. Higher EGFR expression was associated with depth of invasion (P = .0409) and disease recurrence (P = .0401). Cytoplasm staining was found in 21.33% of the cases and was associated with absence of nodal metastasis (P = .0061) and better survival (P = .0199). Intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR IHC staining was frequently observed (55.33%) and was associated with the presence of nodal metastasis (P = .0207) and tumor invasion (P = .0161). Worse survival outcomes have been demonstrated in tumors with EGFR heterogeneity (P = .0434). EGFR gene status evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization did not correlate with protein expression evaluated by IHC. In conclusion, EGFR cytoplasm staining has no link with poorer outcome; still, this pattern of staining is even more related to better prognosis. EGFR heterogeneity of staining correlated with more aggressive tumors, and presented to be an important marker of poor prognosis in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. The usage of small biopsies or even tissue microarrays for vulvar cancer evaluation should be carefully reconsidered for the assessment of EGFR as the results may be misleading. Protein overexpression may be independent on gene amplification, showing that other molecular mechanisms than copy number variation may regulate protein expression of EGFR in vulvar cancer.
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Abstract
Historically, cell-signaling pathways have been studied as the compilation of isolated elements into a unique cascade that transmits extracellular stimuli to the tumor cell nucleus. Today, growing evidence supports the fact that intracellular drivers of tumor progression do not flow in a single linear pathway, but disseminate into multiple intracellular pathways. An improved understanding of the complexity of cancer depends on the elucidation of the underlying regulatory networks at the cellular and intercellular levels and in their temporal dimension. The high complexity of the intracellular cascades causes the complete inhibition of the growth of one tumor cell to be very unlikely, except in cases in which the so-called “oncogene addiction” is known to be a clear trigger for tumor catastrophe, such as in the case of gastrointestinal stromal tumors or chronic myeloid leukemia. In other words, the separation and isolation of the driver from the passengers is required to improve accuracy in cancer treatment. This review will summarize the signaling pathway crossroads that govern renal cell carcinoma proliferation and the emerging understanding of how these pathways facilitate tumor escape. We outline the available evidence supporting the putative links between different signaling pathways and how they may influence tumor proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metabolism and invasiveness. The conclusion is that tumor cells may generate their own crossroads/crosstalk among signaling pathways, thereby reducing their dependence on stimulation of their physiologic pathways.
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Villaamil VM, Gallego GA, Valladares-Ayerbes M, Caínzos IS, Aparicio LMA. Multiple biomarker tissue arrays: A computational approach to identifying protein-protein interactions in the EGFR/ERK signalling pathway. J Mol Signal 2012; 7:14. [PMID: 22937740 PMCID: PMC3493339 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have demonstrated genetic and environmental factors that lead to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and that occur during a protracted period of tumourigenesis. It appears suitable to identify and characterise potential molecular markers that appear during tumourigenesis and that might provide rapid and effective possibilities for the early detection of RCC. EGFR activation induces cell cycle progression, inhibition of apoptosis and angiogenesis, promotion of invasion/metastasis, and other tumour promoting activities. Over-expression of EGFR is thought to play an important role in tumour initiation and progression of RCC because up-regulation of EGFR has been associated with high grade cancers and a worse prognosis. Methods Characterisation of the protein profile interacting with EGFR was performed using the following: an immunohistochemical (IHC) study of EGFR, a comprehensive computational study of EGFR protein-protein interactions, an analysis correlating the expression levels of EGFR with other significant markers in the tumourigenicity of RCC, and finally, an analysis of the utility of EGFR for prognosis in a cohort of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Results The cases that showed a higher level of this protein fell within the clear cell histological subtype (p = 0.001). The EGFR significance statistic was found with respect to a worse prognosis. In vivo significant correlations were found with PDGFR-β, Flk-1, Hif1-α, proteins related to differentiation (such as DLL3 and DLL4 ligands), and certain metabolic proteins such as Glut5. In silico significant associations gave us a panel of 32 EGFR-interacting proteins (EIP) using the APID and STRING databases. Conclusions This work summarises the multifaceted role of EGFR in the pathology of RCC, and it identifies EIPs that could help to provide mechanistic explanations for the different behaviours observed in tumours.
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Matušan-Ilijaš K, Damante G, Fabbro D, Dorđević G, Hadžisejdić I, Grahovac M, Avirović M, Grahovac B, Jonjić N, Lučin K. EGFR expression is linked to osteopontin and Nf-κB signaling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 15:65-71. [PMID: 22855173 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in many important aspects of cell biology that are related to tumorigenesis. There are opposite evidences of the role of EGFR in renal cancer and the outcome of EGFR-targeted therapies, suggesting the complexity of EGFR signaling pathways. In vitro, osteopontin (OPN) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) are thought to be involved in specific ligand-independent EGFR activation that could have a role in resistance to EGFR mAb therapy. Aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between EGFR and OPN at the protein and mRNA level, as well as their relation to NF-κB in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of EGFR, OPN, and p65 NF-κB protein was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and compared mutually in 88 CCRCC samples. Expression of EGFR and OPN mRNAs was analyzed using quantitative Real-time PCR in 22 CCRCC samples and compared mutually and with NF-κB protein expression. RESULTS Epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA level was higher in CCRCC samples in comparison with normal renal tissue (p = 0.012) and was associated with high OPN mRNA level, and with NF-κB activation (p < 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining showed the inverse association; high EGFR protein expression was related with low OPN and NF-κB protein expression (p < 0.001 and p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSION Epidermal growth factor receptor gene is upregulated in CRCC and associated with OPN gene expression and NF-kB signaling. The inverse relation between OPN and EGFR at the protein level could probably reflect dynamic changes that EGFR undergoes following activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matušan-Ilijaš
- Department of Pathology, Rijeka University School of Medicine, Braće Branchetta 20, Rijeka, Croatia
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Dorđević G, Matušan Ilijaš K, Hadžisejdić I, Maričić A, Grahovac B, Jonjić N. EGFR protein overexpression correlates with chromosome 7 polysomy and poor prognostic parameters in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:40. [PMID: 22475688 PMCID: PMC3368721 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) in the pathogenesis and progression of various malignant tumors has long been known, but there is still disagreement concerning prognostic significance of EGFR expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). The present study was designed to analyze more objectively the protein EGFR expression in CCRCC and to compare its value with EGFR gene copy number changes and clinicopathologic characteristics including patient survival. Methods The protein EGFR expression was analyzed immunohistochemically on 94 CCRCC, and gene copy number alterations of EGFR by FISH analysis on 41 CCRCC selected according to distinct membrane EGFR staining. Results Membrane EGFR expression in tumor cells was heterogeneous with respect to the proportion of positive cells and staining intensity. FISH analysis did not reveal EGFR gene amplification, while polysomy of chromosome 7 found in 41% was associated with higher EGFR membrane expression. Moreover, EGFR overexpression was associated with a higher nuclear grade, larger tumor size and shorter patient's survival, while there was no connection with pathological stage. Conclusion In conclusion, the protein expression of EGFR had an impact on prognosis in patients with CCRCC, while an increased copy number of chromosome 7 could be the possible reason for EGFR protein overexpression in the absence of gene amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Dorđević
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B, Branchetta 20, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
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Quantitative analysis of the expression of TGF-alpha and EGFR in papillary thyroid carcinoma: clinicopathological relevance. Pathology 2011; 43:40-7. [DOI: 10.1097/pat.0b013e328340bb46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Suárez C, Morales R, Muñoz E, Rodón J, Valverde CM, Carles J. Molecular basis for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2010; 12:15-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-010-0461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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