1
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Karahashi Y, Cueno ME, Kamio N, Takahashi Y, Takeshita I, Soda K, Maruoka S, Gon Y, Sato S, Imai K. Fusobacterium nucleatum putatively affects the alveoli by disrupting the alveolar epithelial cell tight junction, enlarging the alveolar space, and increasing paracellular permeability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:216-222. [PMID: 37826945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is abundant in the human oral cavity and has been associated with periodontal disease, which in-turn has been linked to respiratory disease development. Tight junctions (TJs) line the airway and alveoli surfaces serving as a first line of defense against multiple pathogens. Fn has already been linked to respiratory diseases, however, how Fn affects the alveolar TJ was not fully elucidated. Here, we designed and analyzed a TJ network, grew Fn cells and inoculated it in vitro (16HBE and primary cells) and in vivo (mice lung), measured transepithelial electrical resistance, performed RT-PCR, checked for in vitro cell and mice lung permeability, and determined air space size through morphometric measurements. We found that Fn can potentially affect TJs proteins that are directly exposed to the alveolar surface. Additionally, Fn could possibly cause neutrophil accumulation and an increase in alveolar space. Moreover, Fn putatively may cause an increase in paracellular permeability in the alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Karahashi
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Marni E Cueno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kamio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yuwa Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takeshita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kaori Soda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
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2
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Zhang K, Chen L, Zhu C, Zhang M, Liang C. Current Knowledge of Th22 Cell and IL-22 Functions in Infectious Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020176. [PMID: 36839448 PMCID: PMC9965464 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 22 (Th22) cells, a newly defined CD4+ T-cell lineage, are characterized by their distinct cytokine profile, which primarily consists of IL-13, IL-22 and TNF-α. Th22 cells express a wide spectrum of chemokine receptors, such as CCR4, CCR6 and CCR10. The main effector molecule secreted by Th22 cells is IL-22, a member of the IL-10 family, which acts by binding to IL-22R and triggering a complex downstream signaling system. Th22 cells and IL-22 have been found to play variable roles in human immunity. In preventing the progression of infections such as HIV and influenza, Th22/IL-22 exhibited protective anti-inflammatory characteristics, and their deleterious proinflammatory activities have been demonstrated to exacerbate other illnesses, including hepatitis B and Helicobacter pylori infection. Herein, we review the current understanding of Th22 cells, including their definition, differentiation and mechanisms, and the effect of Th22/IL-22 on human infectious diseases. According to studies on Th22 cells, Th22/IL-22 may be a promising therapeutic target and an effective treatment strategy for various infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (C.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-55162922034 (M.Z.); +86-55162922034 (C.L.)
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (C.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-55162922034 (M.Z.); +86-55162922034 (C.L.)
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3
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He P, Lim K, Sun D, Pett JP, Jeng Q, Polanski K, Dong Z, Bolt L, Richardson L, Mamanova L, Dabrowska M, Wilbrey-Clark A, Madissoon E, Tuong ZK, Dann E, Suo C, Goh I, Yoshida M, Nikolić MZ, Janes SM, He X, Barker RA, Teichmann SA, Marioni JC, Meyer KB, Rawlins EL. A human fetal lung cell atlas uncovers proximal-distal gradients of differentiation and key regulators of epithelial fates. Cell 2022; 185:4841-4860.e25. [PMID: 36493756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a multiomic cell atlas of human lung development that combines single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing, high-throughput spatial transcriptomics, and single-cell imaging. Coupling single-cell methods with spatial analysis has allowed a comprehensive cellular survey of the epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial, and erythrocyte/leukocyte compartments from 5-22 post-conception weeks. We identify previously uncharacterized cell states in all compartments. These include developmental-specific secretory progenitors and a subtype of neuroendocrine cell related to human small cell lung cancer. Our datasets are available through our web interface (https://lungcellatlas.org). To illustrate its general utility, we use our cell atlas to generate predictions about cell-cell signaling and transcription factor hierarchies which we rigorously test using organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyungtae Lim
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | | | - Quitz Jeng
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | | | - Ziqi Dong
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Lira Mamanova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | | | - Elo Madissoon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Dann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Chenqu Suo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0 QQ, UK
| | - Isaac Goh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoling He
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - John C Marioni
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
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4
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Godbole NM, Chowdhury AA, Chataut N, Awasthi S. Tight Junctions, the Epithelial Barrier, and Toll-like Receptor-4 During Lung Injury. Inflammation 2022; 45:2142-2162. [PMID: 35779195 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung epithelium is constantly exposed to the environment and is critically important for the orchestration of initial responses to infectious organisms, toxins, and allergic stimuli, and maintenance of normal gaseous exchange and pulmonary function. The integrity of lung epithelium, fluid balance, and transport of molecules is dictated by the tight junctions (TJs). The TJs are formed between adjacent cells. We have focused on the topic of the TJ structure and function in lung epithelial cells. This review includes a summary of the last twenty years of literature reports published on the disrupted TJs and epithelial barrier in various lung conditions and expression and regulation of specific TJ proteins against pathogenic stimuli. We discuss the molecular signaling and crosstalk among signaling pathways that control the TJ structure and function. The Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) recognizes the pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns released during lung injury and inflammation and coordinates cellular responses. The molecular aspects of TLR4 signaling in the context of TJs or the epithelial barrier are not fully known. We describe the current knowledge and possible networking of the TLR4-signaling with cellular and molecular mechanisms of TJs, lung epithelial barrier function, and resistance to treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket M Godbole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Asif Alam Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Neha Chataut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Shanjana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
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5
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La Charité-Harbec S, Lachance JFB, Ryan AK, Gupta IR. Claudin-3 regulates luminal fluid accumulation in the developing chick lung. Differentiation 2022; 124:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Geng P, Ling BY, Zhang HL, Xiong JL, Wang Y, Yu F, Tan DY, Xu JY, Wang HH. Xuebijing Injection Ameliorates H 2S-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Promoting Claudin-5 Expression. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 28:116-123. [PMID: 34874518 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Xuebijing Injection (XBJ) on the lung endothelial barrier in hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to H2S (300 ppm) to establish ARDS model, while human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were incubated with NaHS (a H2S donor, 500 µmol/L) to establish cell model. H2S and XBJ were concurrently administered to the rat and cell models. Lung hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy and wet/dry ratio measurement were used to confirm ARDS induced by H2S in vivo. The expression levels of claudin-5, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT)/t-AKT and p-forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1)/t-FoxO1 in vivo and in vitro were also assessed. Paracellular permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) were measured to evaluate endothelial barrier function in the cell model. RESULTS The morphological investigation showed that XBJ attenuated H2S-induced ARDS in rats. XBJ significantly ameliorated both the reduction in TEER and the increased paracellular permeability observed in NaHS-treated HPMECs (P<0.05). The protective effects of XBJ were blocked by LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/FoxO1 pathway antagonist (P<0.05). Furthermore, XBJ promoted the expression of claudin-5 and increased the levels of p-AKT and p-FoxO1 in vivo and in vitro (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS XBJ ameliorated H2S-induced ARDS by promoting claudin-5 expression via the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Geng
- Department of Emergency, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Bing-Yu Ling
- Department of Emergency, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Jia-Li Xiong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Fen Yu
- Department of Emergency, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Ding-Yu Tan
- Department of Emergency, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Ji-Yang Xu
- Department of Emergency, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- Department of Emergency, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China.
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7
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Kojima T, Shindo Y, Konno T, Kodera Y, Arai W, Miyakawa M, Ohwada K, Tanaka H, Tsujiwaki M, Sakuma Y, Kikuchi S, Ohkuni T, Takano K, Watanabe A, Kohno T. Dysfunction of epithelial permeability barrier induced by HMGB1 in 2.5D cultures of human epithelial cells. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1972760. [PMID: 34538217 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1972760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway and intestinal epithelial permeability barriers are crucial in epithelial homeostasis. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), increased by various stimuli, is involved in the induction of airway inflammation, as well as the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. HMGB1 enhances epithelial hyperpermeability. Two-and-a-half dimensional (2.5D) culture assays are experimentally convenient and induce cells to form a more physiological tissue architecture than 2D culture assays for molecular transfer mechanism analysis. In 2.5D culture, treatment with HMGB1 induced permeability of FITC-dextran into the lumen formed by human lung, nasal and intestinal epithelial cells. The tricellular tight junction molecule angulin-1/LSR is responsible for the epithelial permeability barrier at tricellular contacts and contributes to various human airway and intestinal inflammatory diseases. In this review, we indicate the mechanisms including angulin-1/LSR and multiple signaling in dysfunction of the epithelial permeability barrier induced by HMGB1 in 2.5D culture of human airway and intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kojima
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuma Shindo
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kodera
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Arai
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maki Miyakawa
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,IBD Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kizuku Ohwada
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuhiro Tsujiwaki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Sakuma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin Kikuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohkuni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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8
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Munis AM, Hyde SC, Gill DR. A human surfactant B deficiency air-liquid interface cell culture model suitable for gene therapy applications. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:237-246. [PMID: 33426150 PMCID: PMC7782204 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein B (SPB) deficiency is a severe monogenic interstitial lung disorder that leads to loss of life in infants as a result of alveolar collapse and respiratory distress syndrome. The development and assessment of curative therapies for the deficiency are limited by the general lack of well-characterized and physiologically relevant in vitro models of human lung parenchyma. Here, we describe a new human surfactant air-liquid interface (SALI) culture model based on H441 cells, which successfully recapitulates the key characteristics of human alveolar cells in primary culture as evidenced by RNA and protein expression of alveolar cell markers. SALI cultures were able to develop stratified cellular layers with functional barrier properties that are stable for at least 28 days after air-lift. A SFTPB knockout model of SPB deficiency was generated via gene editing of SALI cultures. The SFTPB-edited SALI cultures lost expression of SPB completely and showed weaker functional barrier properties. We were able to correct this phenotype via delivery of a lentiviral vector pseudotyped with Sendai virus glycoproteins F/HN expressing SPB. We believe that SALI cultures can serve as an important in vitro research tool to study human alveolar epithelium, especially for the development of advanced therapy medicinal products targeting monogenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altar M. Munis
- Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen C. Hyde
- Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah R. Gill
- Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Schilpp C, Lochbaum R, Braubach P, Jonigk D, Frick M, Dietl P, Wittekindt OH. TGF-β1 increases permeability of ciliated airway epithelia via redistribution of claudin 3 from tight junction into cell nuclei. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:287-311. [PMID: 33386991 PMCID: PMC7835204 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a major mediator of airway tissue remodelling during atopic asthma and affects tight junctions (TJs) of airway epithelia. However, its impact on TJs of ciliated epithelia is sparsely investigated. Herein we elaborated effects of TGF-β1 on TJs of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. We demonstrate that TGF-β1 activates TGF-β1 receptors TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 resulting in ALK5-mediated phosphorylation of SMAD2. We observed that TGFBR1 and -R2 localize specifically on motile cilia. TGF-β1 activated accumulation of phosphorylated SMAD2 (pSMAD2-C) at centrioles of motile cilia and at cell nuclei. This triggered an increase in paracellular permeability via cellular redistribution of claudin 3 (CLDN3) from TJs into cell nuclei followed by disruption of epithelial integrity and formation of epithelial lesions. Only ciliated cells express TGF-β1 receptors; however, nuclear accumulations of pSMAD2-C and CLDN3 redistribution were observed with similar time course in ciliated and non-ciliated cells. In summary, we demonstrate a role of motile cilia in TGF-β1 sensing and showed that TGF-β1 disturbs TJ permeability of conductive airway epithelia by redistributing CLDN3 from TJs into cell nuclei. We conclude that the observed effects contribute to loss of epithelial integrity during atopic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schilpp
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Robin Lochbaum
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Dietl
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver H Wittekindt
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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10
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Tight Junction Modulating Bioprobes for Drug Delivery System to the Brain: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121236. [PMID: 33352631 PMCID: PMC7767277 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and neurons, separates the brain extracellular fluid from the circulating blood, and maintains the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB endothelial cells have well-developed tight junctions (TJs) and express specific polarized transport systems to tightly control the paracellular movements of solutes, ions, and water. There are two types of TJs: bicellular TJs (bTJs), which is a structure at the contact of two cells, and tricellular TJs (tTJs), which is a structure at the contact of three cells. Claudin-5 and angulin-1 are important components of bTJs and tTJs in the brain, respectively. Here, we review TJ-modulating bioprobes that enable drug delivery to the brain across the BBB, focusing on claudin-5 and angulin-1.
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11
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Nasako H, Takashina Y, Eguchi H, Ito A, Ishikawa Y, Matsunaga T, Endo S, Ikari A. Increase in Toxicity of Anticancer Drugs by PMTPV, a Claudin-1-Binding Peptide, Mediated via Down-Regulation of Claudin-1 in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165909. [PMID: 32824620 PMCID: PMC7460671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-1 (CLDN1), a tight junctional protein, is highly expressed in lung cancer cells and may contribute to chemoresistance. A drug which decreases CLDN1 expression could be a chemosensitizer for enhancing the efficacy of anticancer drugs, but there is no such drug known. We found that PMTPV, a short peptide, which mimics the structure of second extracellular loop (ECL2) of CLDN1, can reduce the protein level of CLDN1 without affecting the mRNA level in A549 cells derived from human lung adenocarcinoma. The PMTPV-induced decrease in CLDN1 expression was inhibited by monodansylcadaverine, a clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor, and chloroquine, a lysosome inhibitor. Quartz crystal microbalance assay showed that PMTPV can directly bind to the ECL2 of CLDN1. In transwell assay, PMTPV increased fluxes of Lucifer yellow (LY), a paracellular flux marker, and doxorubicin (DXR), an anthracycline anticancer drug, without affecting transepithelial electrical resistance. In three-dimensional spheroid culture, the size and cell viability were unchanged by short peptides, but the fluorescence intensity of hypoxia probe LOX-1 was decreased by PMTPV. PMTPV elevated the accumulation and cytotoxicity of DXR in the spheroids. Similar results were observed by knockdown of CLDN1. Furthermore, the sensitivities to cisplatin (CDDP), docetaxel, and gefitinib were enhanced by PMTPV. The level of CLDN1 expression in CDDP-resistant cells was higher than that in parental A549 cells, which was reduced by PMTPV. PMTPV restored the toxicity to DXR in the CDDP-resistant cells. Our data suggest that PMTPV may become a novel chemosensitizer for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Nasako
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.T.); (H.E.); (A.I.); (S.E.)
| | - Yui Takashina
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.T.); (H.E.); (A.I.); (S.E.)
| | - Hiroaki Eguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.T.); (H.E.); (A.I.); (S.E.)
| | - Ayaka Ito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.T.); (H.E.); (A.I.); (S.E.)
| | - Yoshinobu Ishikawa
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan;
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Education Center of Green Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.T.); (H.E.); (A.I.); (S.E.)
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.T.); (H.E.); (A.I.); (S.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-230-8124; Fax: +81-58-230-8124
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12
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Hebert KD, Mclaughlin N, Galeas-Pena M, Zhang Z, Eddens T, Govero A, Pilewski JM, Kolls JK, Pociask DA. Targeting the IL-22/IL-22BP axis enhances tight junctions and reduces inflammation during influenza infection. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:64-74. [PMID: 31597930 PMCID: PMC6917921 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal burden of influenza coupled with the pandemic outbreaks of more pathogenic strains underscore a critical need to understand the pathophysiology of influenza injury in the lung. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a promising cytokine that is critical in protecting the lung during infection. This cytokine is strongly regulated by the soluble receptor IL-22-binding protein (IL-22BP), which is constitutively expressed in the lungs where it inhibits IL-22 activity. The IL-22/IL-22BP axis is thought to prevent chronic exposure of epithelial cells to IL-22. However, the importance of this axis is not understood during an infection such as influenza. Here we demonstrate through the use of IL-22BP-knockout mice (il-22ra2-/-) that a pro-IL-22 environment reduces pulmonary inflammation during H1N1 (PR8/34 H1N1) infection and protects the lung by promoting tight junction formation. We confirmed these results in normal human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro demonstrating improved membrane resistance and induction of the tight junction proteins Cldn4, Tjp1, and Tjp2. Importantly, we show that administering recombinant IL-22 in vivo reduces inflammation and fluid leak into the lung. Taken together, our results demonstrate the IL-22/IL-22BP axis is a potential targetable pathway for reducing influenza-induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Hebert
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - N Mclaughlin
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Galeas-Pena
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - T Eddens
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - A Govero
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - J M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J K Kolls
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - D A Pociask
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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13
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Li X, Liu H, Yu W, Liu X, Liu C. Tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic analysis of fetal lungs revealed differential expression of tight junction proteins in a rat model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109621. [PMID: 31734580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common and often lethal birth defect characterized by congenital lung malformation, which severely affects neonate prognosis and mortality. This study aimed to investigate differences in protein expression in order to elucidate the mechanism of CDH-associated pulmonary hypoplasia during the early stage of lung development using tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics. METHODS Nitrofen was administered orally to establish a rat CDH model, and pathological changes were evaluated through hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), PCNA, and Ki67 staining at the pseudoglandular stage. Fetal lungs were then collected, pooled before TMT labeling, and subjected to mass spectrometry. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting, and Q-PCR were used to further validate the candidate proteins. RESULTS A total of 79 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified when CDH and control lungs were compared, and further bioinformatics analysis showed that these proteins play important roles in tight-junctions, phospholipase D signaling, and the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Three differentially expressed proteins, Cldn3, Magi1, and Myh9 are involved in the tight-junction pathway (P < 0.05), and their differential expressions were confirmed by IHC, Western blotting, and Q-PCR. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that alterations of tight-junction protein expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of abnormal lung development in CDH. Further studies are warranted to verify the mechanism by which these tight-junction proteins influence the pathogenesis of CDH-associated pulmonary hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.
| | - Wenqian Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.
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14
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Liu J, Chen X, Dou M, He H, Ju M, Ji S, Zhou J, Chen C, Zhang D, Miao C, Song Y. Particulate matter disrupts airway epithelial barrier via oxidative stress to promote Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:2617-2627. [PMID: 31372298 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.05.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Airborne particulate matter (PM) is associated with increasing susceptibility to respiratory bacterial infection. Tight junctions (TJs) are protein complexes that form airway epithelial barrier against infection. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PM on the airway TJs in response to infection. Methods The cytotoxicity of PM to BEAS-2B was evaluated. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by the flow cytometry. Colony forming units (CFUs) assay and confocal microscopy were utilized to evaluate the number of bacteria. Immunofluorescence and western blot assay were conducted to detect the expressions of TJs proteins. Animal models were used to investigate the role of TJs in PM-induced lung injury upon bacterial infection. Results In vitro, PM decreased cell viability, increased ROS production, and increased the number of intracellular bacteria accompanying by the degradation of TJs. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly reversed the PM-induced bacterial invasion and PM-induced disruption of TJs. In vivo, PM increases bacteria-infected lung injury, lung bacteria burden and blood bacterial dissemination, which was closely correlated to the degradation of TJs. Conclusions PM disrupts TJs via oxidative stress to promote bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Maosen Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mohan Ju
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shimeng Ji
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Qingpu Branch, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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Artham S, Gao F, Verma A, Alwhaibi A, Sabbineni H, Hafez S, Ergul A, Somanath PR. Endothelial stromelysin1 regulation by the forkhead box-O transcription factors is crucial in the exudative phase of acute lung injury. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:249-263. [PMID: 30611853 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced vascular permeability is associated with inflammation and edema in alveoli during the exudative phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mechanisms leading to the endothelial contribution on the early exudative stage of ARDS are not precise. We hypothesized that modulation of endothelial stromelysin1 expression and activity by Akt1-forkhead box-O transcription factors 1/3a (FoxO1/3a) pathway could play a significant role in regulating pulmonary edema during the initial stages of acute lung injury (ALI). We utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse ALI model in vivo and endothelial barrier resistance measurements in vitro to determine the specific role of the endothelial Akt1-FoxO1/3a-stromelysin1 pathway in ALI. LPS treatment of human pulmonary endothelial cells resulted in increased stromelysin1 and reduced tight junction claudin5 involving FoxO1/3a, associated with decreased trans-endothelial barrier resistance as determined by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing technology. In vivo, LPS-induced lung edema was significantly higher in endothelial Akt1 knockdown (EC-Akt1-/-) compared to wild-type mice, which was reversed upon treatment with FoxO inhibitor (AS1842856), stromelysin1 inhibitor (UK356618) or with shRNA-mediated FoxO1/3a depletion in the mouse lungs. Overall, our study provides the hope that targeting FoxO and styromelysin1 could be beneficial in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Artham
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Fei Gao
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Arti Verma
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Harika Sabbineni
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Sherif Hafez
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, United States
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center and Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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16
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Kim BG, Lee PH, Lee SH, Park CS, Jang AS. Impact of ozone on claudins and tight junctions in the lungs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:798-806. [PMID: 29673049 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Claudins (CLDNs) are a major transmembrane protein component of tight junctions (TJs) in endothelia and epithelia. CLDNs are not only essential for sustaining the role of TJs in cell permeability but are also vital for cell signaling through protein-protein interactions. Ozone induces oxidative stress and lung inflammation in humans and experimental models, but the impact of ozone on claudins remains poorly understood. This study was to determine the expression of TJ proteins, such as claudin 3, 4, 5, and 14 following ozone exposure. Mice were exposed to 0.1, 1, or 2 ppm of ozone or ambient air for 6 h for 3 days. The impact of ozone on CLDNs, Nrf2, Keap1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were estimated using immunoblotting, immunohistochemical staining, confocal imaging, and ELISA analysis in mice and bronchial epithelial cells. Mice exposed to ozone experienced increased airway inflammatory cell infiltration and bronchial hyper-responsiveness compared to control mice. Additionally, CLDN3, CLDN4, ROS, Nrf2, and Keap1 protein expression increased, and lung CLDN14 protein expression decreased, in mice exposed to ozone compared with control mice. These results indicate that CLDNs are involved in airway inflammation following ozone exposure, suggesting that ozone affects TJ proteins through oxidative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Gon Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
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17
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Lewis JB, Jimenez FR, Merrell BJ, Kimbler B, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. The expression profile of Claudin family members in the developing mouse lung and expression alterations resulting from exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:13-24. [DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1409846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Felix R. Jimenez
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Brigham J. Merrell
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Brent Kimbler
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Juan A. Arroyo
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Paul R. Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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18
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Jin HJ, Park HS. Claudin may be a Potential Biomarker for Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:4-5. [PMID: 29178671 PMCID: PMC5705482 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hae Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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19
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Vyas-Read S, Vance RJ, Wang W, Colvocoresses-Dodds J, Brown LA, Koval M. Hyperoxia induces paracellular leak and alters claudin expression by neonatal alveolar epithelial cells. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:17-27. [PMID: 29168340 PMCID: PMC5938176 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature neonates frequently require oxygen supplementation as a therapeutic intervention that, while necessary, also exposes the lung to significant oxidant stress. We hypothesized that hyperoxia has a deleterious effect on alveolar epithelial barrier function rendering the neonatal lung susceptible to injury and/or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effects of exposure to 85% oxygen on neonatal rat alveolar barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Whole lung was measured using wet-to-dry weight ratios and bronchoalveolar lavage protein content and cultured primary neonatal alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) were measured using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and paracellular flux measurements. Expression of claudin-family tight junction proteins, E-cadherin and the Snail transcription factor SNAI1 were measured by Q-PCR, immunoblot and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Cultured neonatal AECs exposed to 85% oxygen showed impaired barrier function. This oxygen-induced increase in paracellular leak was associated with altered claudin expression, where claudin-3 and -18 were downregulated at both the mRNA and protein level. Claudin-4 and -5 mRNA were also decreased, although protein expression of these claudins was largely maintained. Lung alveolarization and barrier function in vivo were impaired in response to hyperoxia. Oxygen exposure also significantly decreased E-cadherin expression and induced expression of the SNAI1 transcription factor in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data support a model in which hyperoxia has a direct impact on alveolar tight and adherens junctions to impair barrier function. Strategies to antagonize the effects of high oxygen on alveolar junctions may potentially reverse this deleterious effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Vyas-Read
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rachel J Vance
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Lou Ann Brown
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael Koval
- Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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20
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Fang M, Zhong WH, Song WL, Deng YY, Yang DM, Xiong B, Zeng HK, Wang HD. Ulinastatin Ameliorates Pulmonary Capillary Endothelial Permeability Induced by Sepsis Through Protection of Tight Junctions via Inhibition of TNF-α and Related Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:823. [PMID: 30150933 PMCID: PMC6099086 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased permeability of pulmonary capillary is a common consequence of sepsis that leads to acute lung injury. In this connection, ulinastatin, a urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), is used clinically to mitigate pulmonary edema caused by sepsis. However, the underlying mechanism of UTI in alleviating sepsis-associated pulmonary edema remains to be fully elucidated. As tight junctions (TJs) between the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) play a pivotal role in the permeability of pulmonary capillary, this study investigated the effect of UTI on expression of junctional proteins in PMVECs during sepsis. Methods: Male adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and divided into sham, CLP, and UTI+CLP groups. UTI was administered every 8 h for 3 days before CLP. At 48 h after surgery, Evans blue (EB) was administered to evaluate the pulmonary vascular leakage. Histological staining was used for evaluation of lung injury score. Using immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, the expression of junctional proteins (occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1) in pulmonary endothelia was assessed. In vitro, PMVECs were divided into control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and UTI+LPS groups for examination of expression of junctional proteins and TNF-α as well as inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) signaling pathways. Additionally, the expression of various junctional proteins was determined in PMVECs of control, LPS, and TNF-α receptor antagonist-LPS groups. PMVECs were also treated with TNF-α and TNF-α receptor antagonist and the expression of various junctional proteins was assessed. Results: Compared with the CLP group, UTI markedly decreased EB leakage and lung injury score. The expression of occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1 was decreased in both CLP rats and LPS-treated PMVECs, but it was reversed by UTI and TNF-α receptor antagonist. TNF-α expression was vigorously elevated in the lung of CLP rats and in LPS-challenged PMVECs, which were suppressed by UTI. In addition, TNF-α also reduced occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1 expression in PMVECs, but these effects of TNF-α were antagonized by pretreatment with TNF-α receptor antagonist. Furthermore, UTI inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways in PMVECs. Conclusion: UTI effectively protects TJs and helps to attenuate the permeability of pulmonary capillary endothelial cells during sepsis through inhibiting NF-κB and MAPKs signal pathways and TNF-α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Guangdong General Hospital’s Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Wen-hong Zhong
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-liang Song
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-yu Deng
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo-meng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Burns, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-ke Zeng
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-ke Zeng, ; Hua-dong Wang,
| | - Hua-dong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-ke Zeng, ; Hua-dong Wang,
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21
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhou M, Wei M, Dong Q, Xu Y, Wang Z, Gao L, Qu Y, Shi B, Zhu J, Yin Y, Chen Y, Sun L, Zhang W, Xu S, Ying G, Wang C. Claudin-3 expression increases the malignant potential of lung adenocarcinoma cells: role of epidermal growth factor receptor activation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23033-23047. [PMID: 28160565 PMCID: PMC5410283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are essential for the formation and maintenance of tight junctions (TJ). The altered expression of claudin proteins has been described in a variety of malignancies. However, the alteration of these proteins in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) are poorly understood. Therefore, we report, based on the protein expression analysis of a total of 275 patient samples, that claudin-3 (CLDN3) expression is significantly increased in ADC tissues and is associated with cancer progression, correlating significantly with the poor survival of ADC patients (p=0.041&0.029). More importantly, forcing CLDN3 expression in ADC cells without endogenous CLDN3 expression resulted in significant increases in the cell proliferation, anchorage-dependent growth, migration and drug-resistance. In addition, epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathway modulates the expression of claudins in a number of solid tumors. However, the mechanism of tight junction regulation by EGF in ADC remains unclear. To investigate this mechanisms, ADC cell lines were treated with EGF and its inhibitor. EGF unregulated CLDN3 expression via the MEK/ERK or PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and was required for the maintenance of baseline CLDN3 expression. Furthermore, downregulation of CLDN3 expression in ADC cell was found to prevent the EGF-induced increase in cell proliferation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a novel role of CLDN3 overexpression in promoting the malignant potential of lung adenocarcinoma. This function is potentially regulated by the EGF-activated MEK/ERK and PI3K-Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qiuping Dong
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhaosong Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Liuwei Gao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yanjun Qu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Bowen Shi
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuesong Yin
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Shilei Xu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
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22
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Geng P, Ma T, Xing J, Jiang L, Sun H, Zhu B, Zhang H, Xiao H, Wang J, Zhang J. Dexamethasone ameliorates H 2S-induced acute lung injury by increasing claudin-5 expression via the PI3K pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:626-635. [PMID: 28741371 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117721961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major outcome of exposure to high levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Dexamethasone (DXM) has been used to treat ALI. However, the mechanisms involved in H2S-induced ALI and the protective mechanisms of DXM in treating ALI are still nebulous. To explore the mechanisms involved, we evaluated the role of claudin-5 in the protective effect of DXM against H2S-induced ALI. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to H2S to establish the ALI model. In parallel with the animal model, a cell model was also established by incubating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with NaHS. Lung hematoxylin-eosin staining, electron microscope assay, and wet/dry ratio were used to identify whether the ALI was successfully induced by H2S, and changes in claudin-5 expression were detected in both rats and HUVECs. Our results revealed that claudin-5 was markedly decreased after H2S exposure and that DXM significantly attenuated the H2S-induced downregulation of claudin-5 in both rats and HUVECs. In the animal experiment, p-Akt and p-FoxO1 presented a similar tendency as claudin-5, but their levels decreased 6 h prior to the levels of claudin-5. In a further investigation, the DXM-induced protective effect on ALI and rescue effect on downregulation of claudin-5 were both blocked by LY294002. The current study demonstrated that claudin-5 was involved in the development of H2S-induced ALI and that DXM exerted protective effects through increasing claudin-5 expression by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Therefore, claudin-5 might represent a novel pharmacological target for treating ALI induced by H2S and other hazardous gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Geng
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Ma
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Xing
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Jiang
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Sun
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - B Zhu
- 2 Department of Occupational Disease Prophylactic-Therapeutic Institution, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Zhang
- 2 Department of Occupational Disease Prophylactic-Therapeutic Institution, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Xiao
- 3 Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Wang
- 3 Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Zhang
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Lv J, Sun B, Mai Z, Jiang M, Du J. CLDN-1 promoted the epithelial to migration and mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human bronchial epithelial cells via Notch pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:91-98. [PMID: 28316062 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-1 (CLDN-1) is one of main tight junction components that play an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the effects of CLDN-1 on the migration and EMT induced by TGF-β1 in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) and BEAS-2B cells have not been clear. The expression of CLDN-1 was quantified by Western blotting in NHBE and BEAS-2B cells. Cell migration and invasion were detected using transwell assays. The expression level of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, α-SMA, and Vimentin was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Here we showed that the protein expression of CLDN-1 was increased exposed to TGF-β1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Knockdown of CLDN-1 using small interfering CLDN-1 RNA (siCLDN-1) prevented the migration and invasion in NHBE and BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, depletion of CLDN-1 promoted the E-cadherin expression and decreased the mRNA and protein levels of N-cadherin, α-SMA, and Vimentin induced by TGF-β1. Furthermore, CLDN-1 silencing resulted in the reduction of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and hairy enhancer of split-1 (Hes-1) in mRNA and protein level. Jagged-1, an activator of Notch signaling pathway, abrogated the protective function of siCLDN-1 in migration and EMT. In conclusion, CLDN-1 promoted the migration and EMT through the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lv
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Sun
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhitao Mai
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Jiang
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Du
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, People's Republic of China
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24
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Gon Y, Maruoka S, Kishi H, Kozu Y, Kazumichi K, Nomura Y, Takeshita I, Oshima T, Hashimoto S. NDRG1 is important to maintain the integrity of airway epithelial barrier through claudin-9 expression. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:716-725. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yutaka Kozu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Kuroda Kazumichi
- Division of Microbiology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nomura
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Ikuko Takeshita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Takeshi Oshima
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Shu Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
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25
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Wittekindt OH. Tight junctions in pulmonary epithelia during lung inflammation. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:135-147. [PMID: 27921210 PMCID: PMC5203840 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory lung diseases like asthma bronchiale, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allergic airway inflammation are widespread public diseases that constitute an enormous burden to the health systems. Mainly classified as inflammatory diseases, the treatment focuses on strategies interfering with local inflammatory responses by the immune system. Inflammatory lung diseases predispose patients to severe lung failures like alveolar oedema, respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury. These life-threatening syndromes are caused by increased permeability of the alveolar and airway epithelium and exudate formation. However, the mechanism underlying epithelium barrier breakdown in the lung during inflammation is elusive. This review emphasises the role of the tight junction of the airway epithelium as the predominating structure conferring epithelial tightness and preventing exudate formation and the impact of inflammatory perturbations on their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H Wittekindt
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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26
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Jimenez FR, Lewis JB, Belgique ST, Milner DC, Lewis AL, Dunaway TM, Egbert KM, Winden DR, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. Cigarette smoke and decreased oxygen tension inhibit pulmonary claudin-6 expression. Exp Lung Res 2016; 42:440-452. [PMID: 27982694 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2016.1261309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a condition involving perturbed barrier integrity coincident with both emphysema and inflammation of the airways, and smoking is considered a major risk factor. Claudins (Cldns) stabilize barriers and contribute to tight junctions by preventing paracellular transport of extracellular fluid constituents. METHODS To determine Cldn6 was differentially influenced by tobacco smoke, Cldn6 was evaluated in cells and tissues by q-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry following exposure. Cldn6 transcriptional regulation was also assessed using luciferase reporter constructs. RESULTS Q-PCR and immunoblotting revealed that Cldn6 was decreased in alveolar type II-like epithelial cells (A549) and primary small airway epithelial cells when exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Cldn6 was also markedly decreased in the lungs of mice exposed to acute tobacco smoke delivered by a nose-only automated smoke machine compared to controls. Luciferase reporter assays incorporating 0.5-kb, 1.0-kb, or 2.0-kb of the Cldn6 promoter revealed decreased transcription of Cldn6 following exposure to CSE. Cldn6 transcriptional regulation was also assessed in hypoxic conditions due to low oxygen tension observed during smoking. Hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha caused decreased transcription of the Cldn6 gene via interactions with putative response elements in the proximal promoter sequence. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that tight junctional proteins such as Cldn6 are differentially regulated by tobacco-smoke exposure and that Cldns are potentially targeted when epithelial cells respond to tobacco smoke. Further research may show that Cldns expressed in tight junctions between parenchymal cells contribute to impaired structural integrity of the lung coincident with smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix R Jimenez
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Josh B Lewis
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Samuel T Belgique
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Dallin C Milner
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Adam L Lewis
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Todd M Dunaway
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Kaleb M Egbert
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Duane R Winden
- b College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences-South Jordan Campus , South Jordan , Utah , USA
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
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27
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Lewis JB, Milner DC, Lewis AL, Dunaway TM, Egbert KM, Albright SC, Merrell BJ, Monson TD, Broberg DS, Gassman JR, Thomas DB, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. Up-Regulation of Claudin-6 in the Distal Lung Impacts Secondhand Smoke-Induced Inflammation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1018. [PMID: 27763528 PMCID: PMC5086757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It has long been understood that increased epithelial permeability contributes to inflammation observed in many respiratory diseases. Recently, evidence has revealed that environmental exposure to noxious material such as cigarette smoke reduces tight junction barrier integrity, thus enhancing inflammatory conditions. Claudin-6 (Cldn6) is a tetraspanin transmembrane protein found within the tight junctional complex and is implicated in maintaining lung epithelial barriers. To test the hypothesis that increased Cldn6 ameliorates inflammation at the respiratory barrier, we utilized the Tet-On inducible transgenic system to conditionally over-express Clnd6 in the distal lung. Cldn6 transgenic (TG) and control mice were continuously provided doxycycline from postnatal day (PN) 30 until euthanasia date at PN90. A subset of Cldn6 TG and control mice were also subjected to daily secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) via a nose only inhalation system from PN30-90 and compared to room air (RA) controls. Animals were euthanized on PN90 and lungs were harvested for histological and molecular characterization. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was procured for the assessment of inflammatory cells and molecules. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting revealed increased Cldn6 expression in TG vs. control animals and SHS decreased Cldn6 expression regardless of genetic up-regulation. Histological evaluations revealed no adverse pulmonary remodeling via Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining or any qualitative alterations in the abundance of type II pneumocytes or proximal non-ciliated epithelial cells via staining for cell specific propeptide of Surfactant Protein-C (proSP-C) or Club Cell Secretory Protein (CCSP), respectively. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR confirmed the differential expression of Cldn6 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. As a general theme, inflammation induced by SHS exposure was influenced by the availability of Cldn6. These data reveal captivating information suggesting a role for Cldn6 in lungs exposed to tobacco smoke. Further research is critically necessary in order to fully explain roles for tight junctional components such as Cldn6 and other related molecules in lungs coping with exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Lewis
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Dallin C Milner
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Adam L Lewis
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Todd M Dunaway
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Kaleb M Egbert
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Scott C Albright
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Brigham J Merrell
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Troy D Monson
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Dallin S Broberg
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Jason R Gassman
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Daniel B Thomas
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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28
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Zheng Y, Cai W, Zhou S, Xu L, Jiang C. Protective effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury mediated by claudin-4 in a rat model. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3769-3779. [PMID: 27725857 PMCID: PMC5040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our study aims to investigate the effects of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) as well as the underlying mechanism. In our study, Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group; ALI group; ALI+MSCs group and ALI+MSCs claudin-4 siRNA group. MRC-5 and BEAS-2B cell lines were used for in vitro assay. Flow cytometry, western blot, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, CCK-8 assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were involved to measure the pathological changes in lung tissues. Results showed that in vivo MSCs administration significantly attenuated pulmonary edema (wet/dry ratio), inflammation cytokines levels (TGF-α), pathological alternations and cell apoptosis which were mediated by claudin-4 in LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats. In vitro experiment showed that hypoxia could induce the expression of claudin-4 in MSCs, and MSCs treatment showed significantly enhanced cell viability (by CCK-8 assay) and reduced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that BM-MSCs can protect against LPS-induced ALI in vivo and in vitro, at least partly mediated by claudin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wenwei Cai
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shengang Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Liming Xu
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengxing Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou 310014, China
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29
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Capaldo CT, Nusrat A. Claudin switching: Physiological plasticity of the Tight Junction. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 42:22-9. [PMID: 25957515 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tight Junctions (TJs) are multi-molecular complexes in epithelial tissues that regulate paracellular permeability. Within the TJ complex, claudins proteins span the paracellular space to form a seal between adjacent cells. This seal allows regulated passage of ions, fluids, and solutes, contingent upon the complement of claudins expressed. With as many as 27 claudins in the human genome, the TJ seal is complex indeed. This review focuses on changes in claudin expression within the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, where claudin differentiation results in several physiologically distinct TJs within the lifetime of the cell. We also review mechanistic studies revealing that TJs are highly dynamic, with the potential to undergo molecular remodeling while structurally intact. Therefore, physiologic Tight Junction plasticity involves both the adaptability of claudin expression and gene specific retention in the TJ; a process we term claudin switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Capaldo
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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30
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Schlingmann B, Molina SA, Koval M. Claudins: Gatekeepers of lung epithelial function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 42:47-57. [PMID: 25951797 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The lung must maintain a proper barrier between airspaces and fluid filled tissues in order to maintain lung fluid balance. Central to maintaining lung fluid balance are epithelial cells which create a barrier to water and solutes. The barrier function of these cells is mainly provided by tight junction proteins known as claudins. Epithelial barrier function varies depending on the different needs within the segments of the respiratory tree. In the lower airways, fluid is required to maintain mucociliary clearance, whereas in the terminal alveolar airspaces a thin layer of surfactant enriched fluid lowers surface tension to prevent airspace collapse and is critical for gas exchange. As the epithelial cells within the segments of the respiratory tree differ, the composition of claudins found in these epithelial cells is also different. Among these differences is claudin-18 which is uniquely expressed by the alveolar epithelial cells. Other claudins, notably claudin-4 and claudin-7, are more ubiquitously expressed throughout the respiratory epithelium. Claudin-5 is expressed by both pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells. Based on in vitro and in vivo model systems and histologic analysis of lungs from human patients, roles for specific claudins in maintaining barrier function and protecting the lung from the effects of acute injury and disease are being identified. One surprising finding is that claudin-18 and claudin-4 control lung cell phenotype and inflammation beyond simply maintaining a selective paracellular permeability barrier. This suggests claudins have more nuanced roles for the control of airway and alveolar physiology in the healthy and diseased lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schlingmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Samuel A Molina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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Ganguly K, Martin TM, Concel VJ, Upadhyay S, Bein K, Brant KA, George L, Mitra A, Thimraj TA, Fabisiak JP, Vuga LJ, Fattman C, Kaminski N, Schulz H, Leikauf GD. Secreted phosphoprotein 1 is a determinant of lung function development in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 51:637-51. [PMID: 24816281 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0471oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1) is located within quantitative trait loci associated with lung function that was previously identified by contrasting C3H/HeJ and JF1/Msf mouse strains that have extremely divergent lung function. JF1/Msf mice with diminished lung function had reduced lung SPP1 transcript and protein during the peak stage of alveologenesis (postnatal day [P]14-P28) as compared with C3H/HeJ mice. In addition to a previously identified genetic variant that altered runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) binding in the Spp1 promoter, we identified another promoter variant in a putative RUNX2 binding site that increased the DNA protein binding. SPP1 induced dose-dependent mouse lung epithelial-15 cell proliferation. Spp1((-/-)) mice have decreased specific total lung capacity/body weight, higher specific compliance, and increased mean airspace chord length (Lm) compared with Spp1((+/+)) mice. Microarray analysis revealed enriched gene ontogeny categories, with numerous genes associated with lung development and/or respiratory disease. Insulin-like growth factor 1, Hedgehog-interacting protein, wingless-related mouse mammary tumor virus integration site 5A, and NOTCH1 transcripts decreased in the lung of P14 Spp1((-/-)) mice as determined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. SPP1 promotes pneumocyte growth, and mice lacking SPP1 have smaller, more compliant lungs with enlarged airspace (i.e., increased Lm). Microarray analysis suggests a dysregulation of key lung developmental transcripts in gene-targeted Spp1((-/-)) mice, particularly during the peak phase of alveologenesis. In addition to its known roles in lung disease, this study supports SPP1 as a determinant of lung development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koustav Ganguly
- 1 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health
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Li H, Singh S, Potula R, Persidsky Y, Kanmogne GD. Dysregulation of claudin-5 in HIV-induced interstitial pneumonitis and lung vascular injury. Protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:85-97. [PMID: 22345580 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201106-1151oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE HIV-1-induced interstitial pneumonitis (IP) is a serious complication of HIV-1 infection, characterized by inflammation and cellular infiltration in lungs, often leading to respiratory failure and death. The barrier function of the pulmonary endothelium is caused in part by tight junction (TJ) proteins, such as claudin-5. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is expressed in lung tissues and regulates inflammation. We hypothesize that HIV-1 induces vascular lung injury, and HIV-1-mediated damage of the pulmonary endothelium and IP is associated with dysregulation of PPAR-γ. OBJECTIVES Investigate the effects of HIV-1 infection on the pulmonary microvasculature and the modulatory effects of the PPAR-γ ligands. METHODS Using human lung tissues, we demonstrated down-regulation of claudin-5 (marker of pulmonary barrier integrity), down-regulation of PPAR-γ transcription, and expression in lung tissues of HIV-1-infected humans with IP. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Human lung microvascular endothelial cells expressed the TJ proteins claudin-5, ZO-1, and ZO-2; HIV-1 decreased TJ proteins expression and induced nuclear factor-κB promoter activity, which was reversed by PPAR-γ agonist. Using two murine HIV/AIDS models, we demonstrated decreased claudin-5 expression and increased macrophage infiltration in the lungs of HIV-1-infected animals. Activation of PPAR-γ prevented HIV-1-induced claudin-5 down-regulation and significantly reduced viremia and pulmonary macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS HIV-induced IP is associated with injury to the lung vascular endothelium, with decreased TJ and PPAR-γ expression, and increased pulmonary macrophage infiltration. PPAR-γ ligands abrogated these effects. Thus, regulation of PPAR-γ can be a therapeutic approach against HIV-1-induced vascular damage and IP in infected humans. Removal of Expression of Concern: Issues leading to the previous expression of concern for this article have been resolved after further revisions and editorial review. No further concerns exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; and
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33
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Liang GH, Weber CR. Molecular aspects of tight junction barrier function. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 19:84-9. [PMID: 25128899 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In complex multicellular organisms, epithelia lining body cavities regulate absorption and secretion of ions, organic molecules, and water. Proper function of epithelia depends on apically and basolaterally situated ion channels as well as tight junctions which seal the apical intercellular space. Without tight junctions, transepithelial concentration gradients of ions and nutrients would be dissipated through the paracellular space. Elevated tight junction permeability is a feature of many diseases of multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal tract [1,2,3(•),4(•)], kidney [5,6], and lungs [7,8]. In the intestines, epithelial barrier dysfunction is a major contributor to diarrhea and malnutrition and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Markov AG, Amasheh S. Tight junction physiology of pleural mesothelium. Front Physiol 2014; 5:221. [PMID: 25009499 PMCID: PMC4067758 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleura consists of visceral and parietal cell layers, producing a fluid, which is necessary for lubrication of the pleural space. Function of both mesothelial cell layers is necessary for the regulation of a constant pleural fluid volume and composition to facilitate lung movement during breathing. Recent studies have demonstrated that pleural mesothelial cells show a distinct expression pattern of tight junction proteins which are known to ubiquitously determine paracellular permeability. Most tight junction proteins provide a sealing function to epithelia, but some have been shown to have a paracellular channel function or ambiguous properties. Here we provide an in-depth review of the current knowledge concerning specific functional contribution of these proteins determining transport and barrier function of pleural mesothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Salah Amasheh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
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Arsenic compromises conducting airway epithelial barrier properties in primary mouse and immortalized human cell cultures. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82970. [PMID: 24349408 PMCID: PMC3857810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a lung toxicant that can lead to respiratory illness through inhalation and ingestion, although the most common exposure is through contaminated drinking water. Lung effects reported from arsenic exposure include lung cancer and obstructive lung disease, as well as reductions in lung function and immune response. As part of their role in innate immune function, airway epithelial cells provide a barrier that protects underlying tissue from inhaled particulates, pathogens, and toxicants frequently found in inspired air. We evaluated the effects of a five-day exposure to environmentally relevant levels of arsenic {<4μM [~300 μg/L (ppb)] as NaAsO2} on airway epithelial barrier function and structure. In a primary mouse tracheal epithelial (MTE) cell model we found that both micromolar (3.9 μM) and submicromolar (0.8 μM) arsenic concentrations reduced transepithelial resistance, a measure of barrier function. Immunofluorescent staining of arsenic-treated MTE cells showed altered patterns of localization of the transmembrane tight junction proteins claudin (Cl) Cl-1, Cl-4, Cl-7 and occludin at cell-cell contacts when compared with untreated controls. To better quantify arsenic-induced changes in tight junction transmembrane proteins we conducted arsenic exposure experiments with an immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o-). We found that arsenic exposure significantly increased the protein expression of Cl-4 and occludin as well as the mRNA levels of Cl-4 and Cl-7 in these cells. Additionally, arsenic exposure resulted in altered phosphorylation of occludin. In summary, exposure to environmentally relevant levels of arsenic can alter both the function and structure of airway epithelial barrier constituents. These changes likely contribute to the observed arsenic-induced loss in basic innate immune defense and increased infection in the airway.
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Abstract
The distal airways are covered with a heterogeneous layer of cells known as the alveolar epithelium. Alveolar epithelial cells provide the major barrier between the airspace and fluid filled tissue compartments. As such, regulation of the alveolar epithelium is critical to maintain a healthy lung and for optimal gas exchange. In this chapter, we discuss functional roles for alveolar epithelial cells with particular emphasis on intercellular junctions and communication. As a thin layer of cells directly exposed to atmospheric oxygen, alveoli are particularly sensitive to oxidant insults. Alcohol significantly diminishes the normal antioxidant reserves of the alveolar epithelium, thereby rendering it sensitized for an exaggerated damage response to acute and chronic injuries. The effects of alcohol on alveolar epithelia are discussed along with open questions and potential therapeutic targets to prevent the pathophysiology of alcoholic lung disease.
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37
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Claudin-7 expression and its association with tumor progression in systemic malignancies--reply. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1958-9. [PMID: 23856513 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Lappi-Blanco E, Lehtonen ST, Sormunen R, Merikallio HM, Soini Y, Kaarteenaho RL. Divergence of tight and adherens junction factors in alveolar epithelium in pulmonary fibrosis. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:895-907. [PMID: 23253490 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that an epithelial injury may be one of the multiple primary events in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The aim of this study was to characterize the tight junction and adherens junction proteins in normal human lung, IPF, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, and asbestosis. We determined the immunohistochemical cell-specific expression of tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-2, claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-5, and claudin-7, as well as 3 adherens junction proteins, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin. We further analyzed the expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, and claudin-4 and E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin at the transcriptional level by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of both tight junction and adherens junction proteins were elevated in regenerative alveolar epithelium in pulmonary fibrosis as compared with the expression of these proteins in normal alveolar epithelium. In particular, the expression levels of claudins-1 and claudin-3 were clearly elevated in all diseases. Furthermore, the amounts of adherens junction proteins messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were also all increased in pulmonary fibroses in comparison with healthy controls, with N-cadherin showing the greatest increase in mRNA levels in all diseases. However, the amounts of claudin-1, claudin-3, and claudin-4 mRNAs in fibrotic lung were similar to or even lower than those measured in the healthy controls. It is possible that the diminished capacity to produce claudin mRNAs may be one explanation for poor repair capacity of alveolar epithelial cells in IPF.
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Overgaard CE, Mitchell LA, Koval M. Roles for claudins in alveolar epithelial barrier function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1257:167-74. [PMID: 22671603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Terminal airspaces of the lung, alveoli, are sites of gas exchange that are sensitive to disrupted fluid balance. The alveolar epithelium is a heterogeneous monolayer of cells interconnected by tight junctions at sites of cell-cell contact. Paracellular permeability depends on claudin (cldn)-family tight junction proteins. Of over a dozen alveolar cldns, cldn-3, cldn-4, and cldn-18 are the most highly expressed; other prominent alveolar claudins include cldn-5 and cldn-7. Cldn-3 is primarily expressed by type II alveolar epithelial cells, whereas cldn-4 and cldn-18 are expressed throughout the alveolar epithelium. Lung diseases associated with pulmonary edema, such as alcoholic lung syndrome and acute lung injury, affect alveolar claudin expression, which is frequently associated with impaired fluid clearance due to increased alveolar leak. However, recent studies have identified a role for increased cldn-4 in protecting alveolar barrier function following injury. Thus, alveolar claudins are dynamically regulated, tailoring lung barrier function to control the air-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Overgaard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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40
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Neuhaus W, Samwer F, Kunzmann S, Muellenbach RM, Wirth M, Speer CP, Roewer N, Förster CY. Lung endothelial cells strengthen, but brain endothelial cells weaken barrier properties of a human alveolar epithelium cell culture model. Differentiation 2012; 84:294-304. [PMID: 23023065 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The blood-air barrier in the lung consists of the alveolar epithelium, the underlying capillary endothelium, their basement membranes and the interstitial space between the cell layers. Little is known about the interactions between the alveolar and the blood compartment. The aim of the present study was to gain first insights into the possible interplay between these two neighbored cell layers. We established an in vitro Transwell model of the alveolar epithelium based on human cell line H441 and investigated the influence of conditioned medium obtained from human lung endothelial cell line HPMEC-ST1.6R on the barrier properties of the H441 layers. As control for tissue specificity H441 layers were exposed to conditioned medium from human brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. Addition of dexamethasone was necessary to obtain stable H441 cell layers. Moreover, dexamethasone increased expression of cell type I markers (caveolin-1, RAGE) and cell type II marker SP-B, whereas decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in a concentration dependent manner. Soluble factors obtained from the lung endothelial cell line increased the barrier significantly proven by TEER values and fluorescein permeability on the functional level and by the differential expression of tight junctional proteins on the molecular level. In contrast to this, soluble factors derived from brain endothelial cells weakened the barrier significantly. In conclusion, soluble factors from lung endothelial cells can strengthen the alveolar epithelium barrier in vitro, which suggests communication between endothelial and epithelial cells regulating the integrity of the blood-air barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Neuhaus
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany.
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41
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Soini Y. Tight junctions in lung cancer and lung metastasis: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2012; 5:126-136. [PMID: 22400072 PMCID: PMC3294225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions are structures located in the apicobasal region of the cell membranes. They regulate paracellular solute and electrical permeability of cell layers. Additionally, they influence cellular polarity, form a paracellular fence to molecules and pathogens and divide the cell membranes to apical and lateral compartments. Tight junctions adhere to the corresponding ones of neighbouring cells and by this way also mediate attachment of the cells to one other. Molecules forming the membranous part of tight junctions include occludin, claudins, tricellulin and junctional adhesion molecules. These molecules are attached to scaffolding proteins such as ZO-1, ZO-2 and ZO-3 through which signals are mediated to the cell interior. Expression of tight junction proteins, such as claudins, may be up- or downregulated in cancer and they are involved in EMT thus influencing tumor spread. Like in tumors of other sites, lung tumors show changes in the expression in tight junction proteins. In this review the significance of tight junctions and its proteins in lung cancer is discussed with a focus on the proteins forming the membranous part of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylermi Soini
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland P.O.Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Haddad N, Andalousi JE, Khairallah H, Yu M, Ryan AK, Gupta IR. The tight junction protein claudin-3 shows conserved expression in the nephric duct and ureteric bud and promotes tubulogenesis in vitro. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 301:F1057-65. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00497.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The claudin family of proteins is required for the formation of tight junctions that are contact points between epithelial cells. Although little is known of the cellular events by which epithelial cells of the ureteric bud form tubules and branch, tubule formation is critical for kidney development. We hypothesize that if claudin-3 (Cldn3) is expressed within tight junctions of the ureteric bud, this will affect ureteric bud cell shape and tubule formation. Using transmission electron microscopy, we identified tight junctions within epithelial cells of the ureteric bud. Whole mount in situ hybridization and immunoassays were performed in the mouse and chick and demonstrated that Cldn3 transcript and protein were expressed in the nephric duct, the ureteric bud, and its derivatives at critical time points during tubule formation and branching. Mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells (mIMCD-3) form tubules when seeded in a type I collagen matrix and were found to coexpress CLDN3 and the tight junction marker zonula occludens-1 in the cell membrane. When these cells were stably transfected with Cldn3 fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter, multiple clones showed a significant increase in tubule formation compared with controls ( P < 0.05) due in part to an increase in cell proliferation ( P < 0.01). Cldn3 may therefore promote tubule formation and expansion of the ureteric bud epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmine El Andalousi
- Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Melissa Yu
- Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aimee K. Ryan
- Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Indra R. Gupta
- Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Ouban A, Hamdan H, Hakam A, Ahmed AA. Claudin-1 expression in squamous cell carcinomas of different organs: comparative study of cancerous tissues and normal controls. Int J Surg Pathol 2011; 20:132-8. [PMID: 21997594 DOI: 10.1177/1066896911424488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Claudins are the main sealing proteins of the intercellular tight junctions and play an important role in cancer cell progression and dissemination. This study examined and compared the expression of claudin-1 by immunohistochemistry in 60 squamous cell carcinomas of different tissue types and normal 33 controls, arranged in 2 tissue microarray slides. A score was generated to classify claudin-1 expression into negative, low, medium, and high. Most squamous cell carcinomas (91.67%) showed positive membranous staining. Medium to high claudin-1 expression was prevalent in carcinomas from the head-neck, skin, and genitourinary regions and was less frequent in other locations. An inverse correlation was noted between claudin-1 expression and tumor grade in tumors of the genitourinary and breast-gynecologic regions. Of the normal organs, significant claudin-1 expression was present mainly in the skin whereas other epithelial tissues had only minimal to low expression levels. Claudin-1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma varies in organ-specific manner reflecting influence of local factors and different mechanisms of claudin-1 expression. Knowledge of this fact is important in planning biologic therapy targeting claudin-1.
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Rokkam D, LaFemina MJ, Lee JW, Matthay MA, Frank JA. Claudin-4 levels are associated with intact alveolar fluid clearance in human lungs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1081-7. [PMID: 21741940 PMCID: PMC3157178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The removal of edema from the air spaces is a critical function of the alveolar barrier requiring intact tight junctions. Alveolar fluid clearance contributes to graft function after transplantation and is associated with survival in patients with acute lung injury. Claudin-4 concentrations are known to increase during lung injury and the loss of claudin-4 decreases alveolar fluid clearance in mice. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate whether differences in lung expression of the tight junction protein claudin-4 are associated with alveolar fluid clearance or clinical measures of lung function. Alveolar fluid clearance rates were measured in ex vivo perfused human lungs not used for transplantation and were compared with histological lung injury and clinical measures of lung injury in the donors. Claudin-4 staining demonstrated a positive correlation with alveolar fluid clearance (Spearman rank correlation [r(s)] = 0.71; P < 0.003); however, claudin-4 staining was not strongly associated with histological measures of lung injury. The expression of other tight junction proteins (including ZO-1) was not associated with alveolar fluid clearance or claudin-4 levels. Claudin-4 staining was lower in lungs from donors with greater impairment in respiratory physiology. These data suggest that claudin-4 may promote alveolar fluid clearance and demonstrate that the amount of claudin-4 expressed may provide specific information regarding alveolar epithelial barrier function that strengthens the link between histological changes and physiological impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Rokkam
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael J. LaFemina
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James A. Frank
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Abstract
Tight junctions are the most apically localized part of the epithelial junctional complex. They regulate the permeability and polarity of cell layers and create compartments in cell membranes. Claudins are structural molecules of tight junctions. There are 27 claudins known, and expression of different claudins is responsible for changes in the electrolyte and solute permeability in cells layers. Studies have shown that claudins and tight junctions also protect multicellular organisms from infections and that some infectious agents may use claudins as targets to invade and weaken the host's defense. In neoplastic diseases, claudin expression may be up- or downregulated. Since their expression is associated with specific tumor types or with specific locations of tumors to a certain degree, they can, in a restricted sense, also be used as tumor markers. However, the regulation of claudin expression is complex involving growth factors and integrins, protein kinases, proto-oncogens and transcription factors. In this review, the significance of claudins is discussed in lung disease and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylermi Soini
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Markov AG, Voronkova MA, Volgin GN, Yablonsky PK, Fromm M, Amasheh S. Tight junction proteins contribute to barrier properties in human pleura. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2010; 175:331-5. [PMID: 21187167 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The permeability of pleural mesothelium helps to control the volume and composition of the liquid lubricating pleural surfaces. Information on pleural barrier function in health and disease, however, is scarce. Tissue specimens of human pleura were mounted in Ussing chambers for measurement of transmesothelial resistance. Expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins was studied by Western blots and immune fluorescence confocal microscopy. Both visceral and parietal pleura showed barrier properties represented by transmesothelial resistance. Occludin, claudin-1, -3, -5, and -7, were detected in visceral pleura. In parietal pleura, the same TJ proteins were detected, except claudin-7. In tissues from patients with pleural inflammation these tightening claudins were decreased and in visceral pleura claudin-2, a paracellular channel former, became apparent. We report that barrier function in human pleura coincides with expression of claudins known to be key determinants of epithelial barrier properties. In inflamed tissue, claudin expression indicates a reduced barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Markov
- Biological and Soil Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Kaarteenaho R, Lappi-Blanco E, Lehtonen S. Epithelial N-cadherin and nuclear β-catenin are up-regulated during early development of human lung. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 10:113. [PMID: 21080917 PMCID: PMC2995473 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-10-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to analyze the cell-specific expression of E- and N-cadherin and β-catenin in developing human lung tissues from 12 to 40 weeks of gestation. Methods Fortyseven cases of developing human lung including pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular and alveolar periods were analyzed by immunohistochemisty for E- and N-cadherin and β-catenin and twentyone cases were also investigated by RT-PCR for E- and N-cadherin and β-catenin. For identifying the lung cells, the sections were also stained with antibodies against thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and caveolin-1. Normal adult lung tissue was used as a control. E-cadherin was strongly expressed in epithelium of bronchi and large bronchioles from week 12 onwards and it was also positive in alveoli in pretype II cells and type II cells. N-cadherin was present in most of the epithelial cells of bronchi and the largest bronchioles during the pseudo-glandular and canalicular periods. N-cadherin was not detected in epithelium of developing alveoli. β-catenin was strongly membrane-bound and positively expressed in bronchial epithelium from week 12 to week 40; it showed nuclear positivity in both developing airway epithelium and in the cells underneath the epithelium during pseudo-glandular period and to a lesser degree also in the canalicular period. β-catenin was positive in pretype II cells as well as in type I and type II pneumocytes within alveoli. RT-PCR analyses revealed detectable amounts of RNAs of E- and N-cadherin and β-catenin in all cases studied. The amounts of RNAs were higher in early stages of gestation. Conclusions E-cadherin is widely expressed in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. N-cadherin exhibit extensive epithelial positivity in bronchial epithelial cells during early lung development. The presence of β-catenin was observed in several cell types with a distinct location in tissue and cells in various gestational stages, indicating that it possesses several roles during lung development. The expressions of protein and mRNAs of E- and N-cadherin and β-catenin were higher in early gestation compared to of the end. Moreover, the expressions of these factors were higher during the lung development than in the adult human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine/Respiratory Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Research, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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