1
|
Jensen LE. Pellino Proteins in Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 15:1422. [PMID: 37515108 PMCID: PMC10383966 DOI: 10.3390/v15071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pellino proteins are a family of evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligases involved in intracellular signaling in a wide range of cell types. They are essential for microbe detection and the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Some viruses specifically target the Pellino proteins as part of their immune evasion strategies. Through studies of mouse models of viral infections in the central nervous system, heart, lungs, and skin, the Pellino proteins have been linked to both beneficial and detrimental immune responses. Only in recent years have some of the involved mechanisms been identified. The objective of this review is to highlight the many diverse aspects of viral immunity and pathogenesis that the Pellino proteins have been associated with, in order to promote further research into their functions. After a brief introduction to the cellular signaling mechanisms involving Pellino proteins, their physiological roles in the initiation of immune responses, pathogenesis through excess inflammation, immune regulation, and cell death are presented. Known viral immune evasion strategies are also described. Throughout, areas that require more in-depth investigation are identified. Future research into the functions of the Pellino protein family may reveal fundamental insights into how our immune system works. Such knowledge may be leveraged in the fight against viral infections and their sequala.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte E Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rathod R, Zhang H, Karmaus W, Ewart S, Mzayek F, Arshad SH, Holloway JW. Association of childhood BMI trajectory with post-adolescent and adult lung function is mediated by pre-adolescent DNA methylation. Respir Res 2022; 23:194. [PMID: 35906571 PMCID: PMC9335987 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) has been shown to be associated with lung function. Recent findings showed that DNA methylation (DNAm) variation is likely to be a consequence of changes in BMI. However, whether DNAm mediates the association of BMI with lung function is unknown. We examined the mediating role of DNAm on the association of pre-adolescent BMI trajectories with post-adolescent and adulthood lung function (forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC). METHODS Analyses were undertaken in the Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC). Group-based trajectory modelling was applied to infer latent BMI trajectories from age 1 to 10 years. An R package, ttscreening, was applied to identify CpGs at 10 years potentially associated with BMI trajectories for each sex. Linear regressions were implemented to further screen CpGs for their association with lung function at 18 years. Path analysis, stratified by sex, was applied to each screened CpG to assess its role of mediation. Internal validation was applied to further examine the mediation consistency of the detected CpGs based on lung function at 26 years. Mendelian randomization (MR-base) was used to test possible causal effects of the identified CpGs. RESULTS Two BMI trajectories (high vs. low) were identified. Of the 442,475 CpG sites, 18 CpGs in males and 33 in females passed screening. Eight CpGs in males and 16 CpGs in females (none overlapping) were identified as mediators. For subjects with high BMI trajectory, high DNAm at all CpGs in males were associated with decreased lung function, while 8 CpGs in females were associated with increased lung function at 18 years. At 26 years, 6 CpGs in males and 14 CpGs in females showed the same direction of indirect effects as those at 18 years. DNAm at CpGs cg19088553 (GRIK2) and cg00612625 (HPSE2) showed a potential causal effect on FEV1. CONCLUSIONS The effects of BMI trajectory in early childhood on post-adolescence lung function were likely to be mediated by pre-adolescence DNAm in both males and females, but such mediation effects were likely to diminish over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rutu Rathod
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-0001, USA
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-0001, USA.
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-0001, USA
| | - Susan Ewart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Fawaz Mzayek
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-0001, USA
| | - S Hasan Arshad
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - John W Holloway
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Love ME, Proud D. Respiratory Viral and Bacterial Exacerbations of COPD—The Role of the Airway Epithelium. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091416. [PMID: 35563722 PMCID: PMC9099594 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is a leading cause of death worldwide, with acute exacerbations being a major contributor to disease morbidity and mortality. Indeed, exacerbations are associated with loss of lung function, and exacerbation frequency predicts poor prognosis. Respiratory infections are important triggers of acute exacerbations of COPD. This review examines the role of bacterial and viral infections, along with co-infections, in the pathogenesis of COPD exacerbations. Because the airway epithelium is the initial site of exposure both to cigarette smoke (or other pollutants) and to inhaled pathogens, we will focus on the role of airway epithelial cell responses in regulating the pathophysiology of exacerbations of COPD. This will include an examination of the interactions of cigarette smoke alone, and in combination with viral and bacterial exposures in modulating epithelial function and inflammatory and host defense pathways in the airways during COPD. Finally, we will briefly examine current and potential medication approaches to treat acute exacerbations of COPD triggered by respiratory infections.
Collapse
|
4
|
Le Roux M, Ollivier A, Kervoaze G, Beke T, Gillet L, Pichavant M, Gosset P. IL-20 Cytokines Are Involved in Epithelial Lesions Associated with Virus-Induced COPD Exacerbation in Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121838. [PMID: 34944654 PMCID: PMC8699027 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: viral infections are a frequent cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, which are responsible for disease progression and mortality. Previous reports showed that IL-20 cytokines facilitate bacterial lung infection, but their production and their role in COPD and viral infection has not yet been investigated. (2) Methods: C57BL/6 WT and IL-20 Rb KO mice were chronically exposed to air or cigarette smoke (CS) to mimic COPD. Cytokine production, antiviral response, inflammation and tissue damages were analyzed after PVM infection. (3) Results: CS exposure was associated with an increase in viral burden and antiviral response. PVM infection in CS mice enhanced IFN-γ, inflammation and tissue damage compared to Air mice. PVM infection and CS exposure induced, in an additive manner, IL-20 cytokines expression and the deletion of IL-20 Rb subunit decreased the expression of interferon-stimulated genes and the production of IFN-λ2/3, without an impact on PVM replication. Epithelial cell damages and inflammation were also reduced in IL-20 Rb-/- mice, and this was associated with reduced lung permeability and the maintenance of intercellular junctions. (4) Conclusions: PVM infection and CS exposure additively upregulates the IL-20 pathway, leading to the promotion of epithelial damages. Our data in our model of viral exacerbation of COPD identify IL-20 cytokine as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Le Roux
- CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CHRU Lille, Institute Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.R.); (A.O.); (G.K.); (T.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Anaïs Ollivier
- CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CHRU Lille, Institute Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.R.); (A.O.); (G.K.); (T.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Gwenola Kervoaze
- CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CHRU Lille, Institute Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.R.); (A.O.); (G.K.); (T.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Timothé Beke
- CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CHRU Lille, Institute Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.R.); (A.O.); (G.K.); (T.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Laurent Gillet
- Immunology-Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Infection and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CHRU Lille, Institute Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.R.); (A.O.); (G.K.); (T.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Philippe Gosset
- CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CHRU Lille, Institute Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, CNRS UMR9017, Inserm U1019, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.R.); (A.O.); (G.K.); (T.B.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-320-877-965
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim RY, Sunkara KP, Bracke KR, Jarnicki AG, Donovan C, Hsu AC, Ieni A, Beckett EL, Galvão I, Wijnant S, Ricciardolo FL, Di Stefano A, Haw TJ, Liu G, Ferguson AL, Palendira U, Wark PA, Conickx G, Mestdagh P, Brusselle GG, Caramori G, Foster PS, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. A microRNA-21-mediated SATB1/S100A9/NF-κB axis promotes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eaav7223. [PMID: 34818056 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav7223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Krishna P Sunkara
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia.,Graduate School of Health, Discipline of Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Intensive Care Unit, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Andrew G Jarnicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Alan C Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina 98100, Italy
| | - Emma L Beckett
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Sara Wijnant
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Fabio Lm Ricciardolo
- Rare Lung Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital Orbassano, Torino 10043, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, SpA Società Benefit, Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Veruno, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Angela L Ferguson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Umamainthan Palendira
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Griet Conickx
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,Ablynx N.V., a Sanofi company, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Center for Medical Genetics and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina 98100, Italy
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coultas JA, Cafferkey J, Mallia P, Johnston SL. Experimental Antiviral Therapeutic Studies for Human Rhinovirus Infections. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:645-659. [PMID: 34276229 PMCID: PMC8277446 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s255211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus infection is common and usually causes mild, self-limiting upper respiratory tract symptoms. Rhinoviruses can cause exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, leading to a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. There has been a great deal of progress in efforts to understand the immunological basis of rhinovirus infection. However, despite a number of in vitro and in vivo attempts, there have been no effective treatments developed. This review article summarises the up to date virological and immunological understanding of these infections. We discuss the challenges researchers face, and key solutions, in their work to investigate potential therapies including in vivo rhinovirus challenge studies. Finally, we explore past and present experimental therapeutic strategies employed in the treatment of rhinovirus infections and highlight promising areas of future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Coultas
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Cafferkey
- Respiratory Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Patrick Mallia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ditz B, Sarma A, Kerstjens HA, Liesker JJ, Bathoorn E, Vonk JM, Bernal V, Horvatovich P, Guryev V, Caldera S, Langelier C, Faiz A, Christenson SA, van den Berge M. The sputum transcriptome better predicts COPD exacerbations after the withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids than sputum eosinophils. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00097-2021. [PMID: 34235210 PMCID: PMC8255541 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00097-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Continuing inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use does not benefit all patients with COPD, yet it is difficult to determine which patients may safely sustain ICS withdrawal. Although eosinophil levels can facilitate this decision, better biomarkers could improve personalised treatment decisions. METHODS We performed transcriptional profiling of sputum to explore the molecular biology and compared the predictive value of an unbiased gene signature versus sputum eosinophils for exacerbations after ICS withdrawal in COPD patients. RNA-sequencing data of induced sputum samples from 43 COPD patients were associated with the time to exacerbation after ICS withdrawal. Expression profiles of differentially expressed genes were summarised to create gene signatures. In addition, we built a Bayesian network model to determine coregulatory networks related to the onset of COPD exacerbations after ICS withdrawal. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, we identified a gene signature (LGALS12, ALOX15, CLC, IL1RL1, CD24, EMR4P) associated with the time to first exacerbation after ICS withdrawal. The addition of this gene signature to a multiple Cox regression model explained more variance of time to exacerbations compared to a model using sputum eosinophils. The gene signature correlated with sputum eosinophil as well as macrophage cell counts. The Bayesian network model identified three coregulatory gene networks as well as sex to be related to an early versus late/nonexacerbation phenotype. CONCLUSION We identified a sputum gene expression signature that exhibited a higher predictive value for predicting COPD exacerbations after ICS withdrawal than sputum eosinophilia. Future studies should investigate the utility of this signature, which might enhance personalised ICS treatment in COPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Ditz
- Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aartik Sarma
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Huib A.M. Kerstjens
- Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J.W. Liesker
- Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bathoorn
- Dept of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M. Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dept of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Bernal
- Dept of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Horvatovich
- Dept of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saharai Caldera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chaz Langelier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alen Faiz
- Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Technology Sydney, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of Life Sciences, Sydney, Australia
- These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Maarten van den Berge
- Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
COPD Is Associated with Elevated IFN-β Production by Bronchial Epithelial Cells Infected with RSV or hMPV. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050911. [PMID: 34069223 PMCID: PMC8156254 DOI: 10.3390/v13050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN treatment may be a viable option for treating COPD exacerbations based on evidence of IFN deficiency in COPD. However, in vitro studies have used primarily influenza and rhinoviruses to investigate IFN responses. This study aims to investigate the susceptibility to infection and IFN response of primary bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from COPD donors to infection with RSV and hMPV. BECs from five COPD and five healthy donors were used to establish both submerged monolayer and well-differentiated (WD) cultures. Two isolates of both RSV and hMPV were used to infect cells. COPD was not associated with elevated susceptibility to infection and there was no evidence of an intrinsic defect in IFN production in either cell model to either virus. Conversely, COPD was associated with significantly elevated IFN-β production in response to both viruses in both cell models. Only in WD-BECs infected with RSV was elevated IFN-β associated with reduced viral shedding. The role of elevated epithelial cell IFN-β production in the pathogenesis of COPD is not clear and warrants further investigation. Viruses vary in the responses that they induce in BECs, and so conclusions regarding antiviral responses associated with disease cannot be made based on single viral infections.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mehta M, Paudel KR, Shukla SD, Shastri MD, Singh SK, Gulati M, Dureja H, Gupta G, Satija S, Hansbro PM, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Interferon therapy for preventing COPD exacerbations. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1477-1480. [PMID: 33312108 PMCID: PMC7726488 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Keshav R Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Madhur D Shastri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Sachin K Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ritchie AI, Wedzicha JA. Definition, Causes, Pathogenesis, and Consequences of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations. Clin Chest Med 2020; 41:421-438. [PMID: 32800196 PMCID: PMC7423341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Ritchie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6JY, United Kingdom
| | - Jadwiga A Wedzicha
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6JY, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marsh EK, Prestwich EC, Williams L, Hart AR, Muir CF, Parker LC, Jonker MR, Heijink IH, Timens W, Fife M, Hussell T, Hershenson MB, Bentley JK, Sun SC, Barksby BS, Borthwick LA, Stewart JP, Sabroe I, Dockrell DH, Marriott HM. Pellino-1 Regulates the Responses of the Airway to Viral Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:456. [PMID: 32984077 PMCID: PMC7488214 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to respiratory pathogens is a leading cause of exacerbations of airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pellino-1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase known to regulate virally-induced inflammation. We wished to determine the role of Pellino-1 in the host response to respiratory viruses in health and disease. Pellino-1 expression was examined in bronchial sections from patients with GOLD stage two COPD and healthy controls. Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) in which Pellino-1 expression had been knocked down were extracellularly challenged with the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C). C57BL/6 Peli1-/- mice and wild type littermates were subjected to intranasal infection with clinically-relevant respiratory viruses: rhinovirus (RV1B) and influenza A. We found that Pellino-1 is expressed in the airways of normal subjects and those with COPD, and that Pellino-1 regulates TLR3 signaling and responses to airways viruses. In particular we observed that knockout of Pellino-1 in the murine lung resulted in increased production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα upon viral infection, accompanied by enhanced recruitment of immune cells to the airways, without any change in viral replication. Pellino-1 therefore regulates inflammatory airway responses without altering replication of respiratory viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Marsh
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom,Human Sciences Research Centre, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C. Prestwich
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Williams
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Amber R. Hart
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Clare F. Muir
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa C. Parker
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marnix R. Jonker
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mark Fife
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Core Technology Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Core Technology Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marc B. Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J. Kelley Bentley
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ben S. Barksby
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lee A. Borthwick
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sabroe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David H. Dockrell
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom,MRC/UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Marriott
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Helen M. Marriott
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Simpson DSA, Oliver PL. ROS Generation in Microglia: Understanding Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E743. [PMID: 32823544 PMCID: PMC7463655 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, are a global public health burden with poorly understood aetiology. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are undoubtedly hallmarks of neurodegeneration, contributing to disease progression. Protein aggregation and neuronal damage result in the activation of disease-associated microglia (DAM) via damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAM facilitate persistent inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the molecular mechanisms linking DAM activation and OS have not been well-defined; thus targeting these cells for clinical benefit has not been possible. In microglia, ROS are generated primarily by NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and activation of NOX2 in DAM is associated with DAMP signalling, inflammation and amyloid plaque deposition, especially in the cerebrovasculature. Additionally, ROS originating from both NOX and the mitochondria may act as second messengers to propagate immune activation; thus intracellular ROS signalling may underlie excessive inflammation and OS. Targeting key kinases in the inflammatory response could cease inflammation and promote tissue repair. Expression of antioxidant proteins in microglia, such as NADPH dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), is promoted by transcription factor Nrf2, which functions to control inflammation and limit OS. Lipid droplet accumulating microglia (LDAM) may also represent a double-edged sword in neurodegenerative disease by sequestering peroxidised lipids in non-pathological ageing but becoming dysregulated and pro-inflammatory in disease. We suggest that future studies should focus on targeted manipulation of NOX in the microglia to understand the molecular mechanisms driving inflammatory-related NOX activation. Finally, we discuss recent evidence that therapeutic target identification should be unbiased and founded on relevant pathophysiological assays to facilitate the discovery of translatable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic S. A. Simpson
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK;
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Peter L. Oliver
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK;
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cafferkey J, Coultas JA, Mallia P. Human rhinovirus infection and COPD: role in exacerbations and potential for therapeutic targets. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:777-789. [PMID: 32498634 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1764354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory virus infections (predominantly rhinoviruses) are the commonly identified in COPD exacerbations but debate about their role as a trigger of exacerbations continues. Experimental infection studies have provided significant new evidence establishing a causal relationship between virus infection and COPD exacerbations and contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of virus-induced exacerbations. However as yet no anti-viral treatments have undergone clinical trials in COPD patients. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the evidence for and against respiratory viruses being the main trigger of COPD exacerbations from both epidemiological studies and experimental infection studies. The host immune response to rhinovirus infection and how abnormalities in host immunity may underlie increased susceptibility to virus infection in COPD are discussed and the role of dual viral-bacterial infection in COPD exacerbations. Finally the current state of anti-viral therapy is discussed and how these may be used in the future treatment of COPD exacerbations. EXPERT OPINION Respiratory virus infections are the trigger of a substantial proportion of COPD exacerbations and rhinoviruses are the most common virus type. Clinical trials of anti-viral agents are needed in COPD patients to determine whether they are effective in virus-induced COPD exacerbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Cafferkey
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London, UK
| | | | - Patrick Mallia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Preparation, characterization and in-vitro efficacy of quercetin loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles for the treatment of asthma. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
15
|
Raju SV. What doesn't kill you makes you weaker. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L891-L892. [PMID: 31693395 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00432.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Vamsee Raju
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singanayagam A, Loo SL, Calderazzo M, Finney LJ, Trujillo Torralbo MB, Bakhsoliani E, Girkin J, Veerati P, Pathinayake PS, Nichol KS, Reid A, Footitt J, Wark PAB, Grainge CL, Johnston SL, Bartlett NW, Mallia P. Antiviral immunity is impaired in COPD patients with frequent exacerbations. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L893-L903. [PMID: 31513433 PMCID: PMC6962603 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00253.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with frequent exacerbations represent a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subgroup requiring better treatment options. The aim of this study was to determine the innate immune mechanisms that underlie susceptibility to frequent exacerbations in COPD. We measured sputum expression of immune mediators and bacterial loads in samples from patients with COPD at stable state and during virus-associated exacerbations. In vitro immune responses to rhinovirus infection in differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) sampled from patients with COPD were additionally evaluated. Patients were stratified as frequent exacerbators (≥2 exacerbations in the preceding year) or infrequent exacerbators (<2 exacerbations in the preceding year) with comparisons made between these groups. Frequent exacerbators had reduced sputum cell mRNA expression of the antiviral immune mediators type I and III interferons and reduced interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression when clinically stable and during virus-associated exacerbation. A role for epithelial cell-intrinsic innate immune dysregulation was identified: induction of interferons and ISGs during in vitro rhinovirus (RV) infection was also impaired in differentiated BECs from frequent exacerbators. Frequent exacerbators additionally had increased sputum bacterial loads at 2 wk following virus-associated exacerbation onset. These data implicate deficient airway innate immunity involving epithelial cells in the increased propensity to exacerbations observed in some patients with COPD. Therapeutic approaches to boost innate antimicrobial immunity in the lung could be a viable strategy for prevention and treatment of frequent exacerbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aran Singanayagam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Su-Ling Loo
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Calderazzo
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia J Finney
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eteri Bakhsoliani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Girkin
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Punnam Veerati
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Reid
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Footitt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A B Wark
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sebastian L Johnston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Mallia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
New therapeutic targets for the prevention of infectious acute exacerbations of COPD: role of epithelial adhesion molecules and inflammatory pathways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1663-1703. [PMID: 31346069 DOI: 10.1042/cs20181009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with the major contributor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accounting for approximately 3 million deaths annually. Frequent acute exacerbations (AEs) of COPD (AECOPD) drive clinical and functional decline in COPD and are associated with accelerated loss of lung function, increased mortality, decreased health-related quality of life and significant economic costs. Infections with a small subgroup of pathogens precipitate the majority of AEs and consequently constitute a significant comorbidity in COPD. However, current pharmacological interventions are ineffective in preventing infectious exacerbations and their treatment is compromised by the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Thus, alternative preventative therapies need to be considered. Pathogen adherence to the pulmonary epithelium through host receptors is the prerequisite step for invasion and subsequent infection of surrounding structures. Thus, disruption of bacterial-host cell interactions with receptor antagonists or modulation of the ensuing inflammatory profile present attractive avenues for therapeutic development. This review explores key mediators of pathogen-host interactions that may offer new therapeutic targets with the potential to prevent viral/bacterial-mediated AECOPD. There are several conceptual and methodological hurdles hampering the development of new therapies that require further research and resolution.
Collapse
|
18
|
García-Valero J, Olloquequi J, Montes JF, Rodríguez E, Martín-Satué M, Texidó L, Ferrer Sancho J. Deficient pulmonary IFN-β expression in COPD patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217803. [PMID: 31170225 PMCID: PMC6553750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD patients are prone to acute infectious exacerbations that impair their quality of life and hamper prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in situ IFN-β response in the lungs of stable COPD and non-COPD patients. Lung samples from 70 subjects (9 control never smokers, 19 control smokers without COPD, 21 patients with moderate COPD and 21 patients with very severe COPD) were studied for the expression of IFN-β, its main transcription factor, IRF-7, and two products of its autocrine function, namely RIG-I and MDA-5, by immunohistochemical techniques and quantitative real-time PCR. IFN-β, IRF-7, RIG-I and MDA-5 were widely detected in most lung cell types. In epithelial tissues and alveolar macrophages, IFN-β and IRF-7 labeling scores were decreased up to 65% and 74%, respectively, for COPD patients, paralleling an analogous reduction (43% and 65%, respectively) in the amount of their lung mRNA. Moreover, this decreased production of IFN-β in COPD patients correlated with a similar decrease in the expression of RIG-I and MDA-5, two essential members of the innate immune system. Our study indicates that most lung cells from stable COPD patients show a constitutive decreased expression of IFN-β, IRF-7, RIG-I and MDA-5, suggesting that this deficiency is the main cause of their acute viral exacerbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José García-Valero
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Juan F. Montes
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez
- Department of Pneumology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Martín-Satué
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Texidó
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Ferrer Sancho
- Department of Pneumology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections including human rhinovirus (RV) infection have been identified as the most important environmental trigger of exacerbations of chronic lung diseases. While well established as the most common viral infections associated with exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, RVs and other respiratory viruses are also now thought to be important in triggering exacerbations of cystic fibrosis and the interstitial lung diseases. Here, we summarize the epidemiological evidence the supports respiratory viruses including RV as triggers of exacerbations of chronic lung diseases. We propose that certain characteristics of RVs may explain why they are the most common trigger of exacerbations of chronic lung diseases. We further highlight the latest mechanistic evidence supporting how and why common respiratory viral infections may enhance and promote disease triggering exacerbation events, through their interactions with the host immune system, and may be affected by ongoing treatments. We also provide a commentary on how new treatments may better manage the disease burden associated with respiratory viral infections and the exacerbation events that they trigger.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jubrail J, Africano-Gomez K, Herit F, Baturcam E, Mayer G, Cunoosamy DM, Kurian N, Niedergang F. HRV16 Impairs Macrophages Cytokine Response to a Secondary Bacterial Trigger. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2908. [PMID: 30619272 PMCID: PMC6305396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus is frequently seen as an upper respiratory tract infection but growing evidence proves the virus can cause lower respiratory tract infections in patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition to airway epithelial cells, macrophages are crucial for regulating inflammatory responses to viral infections. However, the response of macrophages to HRV has not been analyzed in detail. We used in vitro monocyte-derived human macrophages to study the cytokine secretion of macrophages in response to the virus. Our results showed that macrophages were competent at responding to HRV, as a robust cytokine response was detected. However, after subsequent exposure to non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) or to LPS, HRV-treated macrophages secreted reduced levels of pro-inflammatory or regulatory cytokines. This “paralyzed” phenotype was not mimicked if the macrophages were pre-treated with LPS or CpG instead of the virus. These results begin to deepen our understanding into why patients with COPD show HRV-induced exacerbations and why they mount a defective response toward NTHi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Jubrail
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kshanti Africano-Gomez
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Herit
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Engin Baturcam
- IMED Biotech Unit, Target and Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gaell Mayer
- Clinical Development, Respiratory Inhalation & Oral Development, GMD, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danen Mootoosamy Cunoosamy
- IMED Biotech Unit, Target and Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nisha Kurian
- Precision Medicine & Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florence Niedergang
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
MicroRNA Expression Analysis of Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts Treated with Acrolein. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-017-2304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
22
|
Duan L, Wu R, Zhang X, Wang D, You Y, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Chen W. HBx-induced S100A9 in NF-κB dependent manner promotes growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:629. [PMID: 29795379 PMCID: PMC5967311 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Myeloid-specific S100 proteins (S100s), namely, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12, have been recently recognized as newly discovered damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are correlated with progression in pathogen of infectious diseases. However, whether S100s are regulated by HBV and involved in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis are still unclear. Here, we found that all expression levels of myeloid-specific S100s (S100A8, S100A9 and S10012) were elevated in serum and tissue samples from HCC patients. Expression of S100A9 but not S100A8 and S10012 were also higher in blood serum and tissue samples from HBV-positive HCC patients than that in HBV-negative HCC patients. High levels of intracellular and extracellular S100A9 were also confirmed in HepG2 cells expressing 1.3-fold HBV genome or HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) as well as in a stable HBV-producing cell line HepG2.2.15. HBx was shown to facilitate translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and NF-κB bound to the promoter of S100A9 to enhance its transcription. Silencing S100A9 expression partially blocked HBx-induced growth and metastasis of HepG2 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further, serum S100A9 levels were found to correlate with TNM stage, extrahepatic metastasis status and HBV DNA load in HBV-related HCC and also had a better diagnostic value for identifying extrahepatic metastasis. Our these data demonstrate that S100A9 plays a pivotal role in HBx-induced growth and metastasis of HCC and may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for extrahepatic metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiuyu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yunyuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weixian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Finelli MJ, Oliver PL. TLDc proteins: new players in the oxidative stress response and neurological disease. Mamm Genome 2017; 28:395-406. [PMID: 28707022 PMCID: PMC5614904 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-017-9706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) arises from an imbalance in the cellular redox state, which can lead to intracellular damage and ultimately cell death. OS occurs as a result of normal ageing, but it is also implicated as a common etiological factor in neurological disease; thus identifying novel proteins that modulate the OS response may facilitate the design of new therapeutic approaches applicable to many disorders. In this review, we describe the recent progress that has been made using a range of genetic approaches to understand a family of proteins that share the highly conserved TLDc domain. We highlight their shared ability to prevent OS-related cell death and their unique functional characteristics, as well as discussing their potential application as new neuroprotective factors. Furthermore, with an increasing number of pathogenic mutations leading to epilepsy and hearing loss being discovered in the TLDc protein TBC1D24, understanding the function of this family has important implications for a range of inherited neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattéa J Finelli
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Peter L Oliver
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hsu ACY, Parsons K, Moheimani F, Knight DA, Hansbro PM, Fujita T, Wark PA. Impaired Antiviral Stress Granule and IFN-β Enhanceosome Formation Enhances Susceptibility to Influenza Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:117-27. [PMID: 26807508 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0306oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious lung disease that progressively worsens lung function. Those affected are highly susceptible to influenza virus infections that result in exacerbations with exaggerated symptoms with increased mortality. The mechanisms underpinning this increased susceptibility to infection in COPD are unclear. In this study, we show that primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) from subjects with COPD have impaired induction of type I IFN (IFN-β) and lead to heightened viral replication after influenza viral infection. COPD pBECs have reduced protein levels of protein kinase (PK) R and decreased formation of PKR-mediated antiviral stress granules, which are critical in initiating type I IFN inductions. In addition, reduced protein expression of p300 resulted in decreased activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and subsequent formation of IFN-β enhanceosome in COPD pBECs. The decreased p300 induction was the result of enhanced levels of microRNA (miR)-132. Ectopic expression of PKR or miR-132 antagomiR alone failed to restore IFN-β induction, whereas cotreatment increased antiviral stress granule formation, induction of p300, and IFN-β in COPD pBECs. This study reveals that decreased induction of both PKR and p300 proteins contribute to impaired induction of IFN-β in COPD pBECs upon influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan C-Y Hsu
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy Parsons
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Moheimani
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,2 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Takashi Fujita
- 3 Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and
| | - Peter A Wark
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,4 Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Castle, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mertens TCJ, Karmouty-Quintana H, Taube C, Hiemstra PS. Use of airway epithelial cell culture to unravel the pathogenesis and study treatment in obstructive airway diseases. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:101-113. [PMID: 28502841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are considered as two distinct obstructive diseases. Both chronic diseases share a component of airway epithelial dysfunction. The airway epithelium is localized to deal with inhaled substances, and functions as a barrier preventing penetration of such substances into the body. In addition, the epithelium is involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses following inhalation of particles, allergens and pathogens. Through triggering and inducing immune responses, airway epithelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of both asthma and COPD. Various in vitro research models have been described to study airway epithelial cell dysfunction in asthma and COPD. However, various considerations and cautions have to be taken into account when designing such in vitro experiments. Epithelial features of asthma and COPD can be modelled by using a variety of disease-related invoking substances either alone or in combination, and by the use of primary cells isolated from patients. Differentiation is a hallmark of airway epithelial cells, and therefore models should include the ability of cells to differentiate, as can be achieved in air-liquid interface models. More recently developed in vitro models, including precision cut lung slices, lung-on-a-chip, organoids and human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cultures, provide novel state-of-the-art alternatives to the conventional in vitro models. Furthermore, advanced models in which cells are exposed to respiratory pathogens, aerosolized medications and inhaled toxic substances such as cigarette smoke and air pollution are increasingly used to model e.g. acute exacerbations. These exposure models are relevant to study how epithelial features of asthma and COPD are affected and provide a useful tool to study the effect of drugs used in treatment of asthma and COPD. These new developments are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the complex gene-environment interactions that contribute to development and progression of asthma and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baines KJ, Fu JJ, McDonald VM, Gibson PG. Airway gene expression of IL-1 pathway mediators predicts exacerbation risk in obstructive airway disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:541-550. [PMID: 28223794 PMCID: PMC5308595 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s119443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exacerbations of asthma and COPD are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and are responsible for significant health care costs. This study further investigates interleukin (IL)-1 pathway activation and its relationship with exacerbations of asthma and COPD. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 95 participants with stable asthma (n=35) or COPD (n=60) were recruited and exacerbations recorded over the following 12 months. Gene expressions of IL-1 pathway biomarkers, including the IL-1 receptors (IL1R1, IL1R2, and IL1RN), and signaling molecules (IRAK2, IRAK3, and PELI1), were measured in sputum using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Mediators were compared between the frequent (≥2 exacerbations in the 12 months) and infrequent exacerbators, and the predictive relationships investigated using receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (AUC) values. Results Of the 95 participants, 89 completed the exacerbation follow-up, where 30 participants (n=22 COPD, n=8 asthma) had two or more exacerbations. At the baseline visit, expressions of IRAK2, IRAK3, PELI1, and IL1R1 were elevated in participants with frequent exacerbations of both asthma and COPD combined and separately. In the combined population, sputum gene expression of IRAK3 (AUC=75.4%; P<0.001) was the best predictor of future frequent exacerbations, followed by IL1R1 (AUC=72.8%; P<0.001), PELI1 (AUC=71.2%; P<0.001), and IRAK2 (AUC=68.6; P=0.004). High IL-1 pathway gene expression was associated with frequent prior year exacerbations and correlated with the number and severity of exacerbations. Conclusion The upregulation of IL-1 pathway mediators is associated with frequent exacerbations of obstructive airway disease. Further studies should investigate these mediators as both potential diagnostic biomarkers predicting at-risk patients and novel treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Baines
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Juan-Juan Fu
- Respiratory Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and West Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Vanessa M McDonald
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Chronic airway diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and their prevalence is predicted to increase in the future. Respiratory viruses are the most common cause of acute pulmonary infection, and there is clear evidence of their role in acute exacerbations of inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Studies have reported impaired host responses to virus infection in these diseases, and a better understanding of the mechanisms of these abnormal immune responses has the potential to lead to the development of novel therapeutic targets for virus-induced exacerbations. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge regarding the role of viruses and immune modulation in acute exacerbations of chronic pulmonary diseases and to discuss exciting areas for future research and novel treatments.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hilzendeger C, da Silva J, Henket M, Schleich F, Corhay JL, Kebadze T, Edwards MR, Mallia P, Johnston SL, Louis R. Reduced sputum expression of interferon-stimulated genes in severe COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:1485-94. [PMID: 27418822 PMCID: PMC4934534 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbations of COPD are frequent and commonly triggered by respiratory tract infections. The purpose of our study was to investigate innate immunity in stable COPD patients. METHODS Induced sputum was collected from 51 stable consecutive COPD patients recruited from the COPD Clinic of CHU Liege and 35 healthy subjects. Expression of interferons beta (IFN-β) and lambda1 (IL-29), IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) MxA, OAS, and viperin were measured in total sputum cells by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The presence of Picornaviruses was assessed by RT-PCR, while potential pathogenic microorganisms (PPM) were identified by sputum bacteriology. RESULTS Expression of IL-29 was found in 16 of 51 COPD patients (31%) and in nine of 35 healthy subjects (26%), while IFN-β was detected in six of 51 COPD patients (12%) and in two of 35 healthy subjects (6%). ISGs were easily detectable in both groups. In the whole group of COPD patients, OAS expression was decreased (P<0.05), while that of viperin was increased (P<0.01) compared to healthy subjects. No difference was found with respect to MxA. COPD patients from group D of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) had reduced expression of all three ISGs (P<0.01 for MxA, P<0.05 for OAS, and P<0.01 for viperin) as compared to those of group B patients. Picornaviruses were detected in eight of 51 (16%) COPD patients vs four of 33 (12%) healthy subjects, while PPM were detected in seven of 39 (18%) COPD patients and associated with raised sputum neutrophil counts. IFN-β expression was raised when either picornavirus or PPM were detected (P=0.06), but no difference was seen regarding IL-29 or ISGs. CONCLUSION ISGs expression was reduced in severe COPD that may favor exacerbation and contribute to disease progress by altering response to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Hilzendeger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Liege, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA) I University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Jane da Silva
- Department of Medicine, Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça-SC, Brazil
| | - Monique Henket
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Liege, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA) I University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Florence Schleich
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Liege, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA) I University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean Louis Corhay
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Liege, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA) I University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Kebadze
- Airway Disease Division, Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Division, Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Patrick Mallia
- Airway Disease Division, Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Division, Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Renaud Louis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Liege, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA) I University of Liege, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hewitt R, Farne H, Ritchie A, Luke E, Johnston SL, Mallia P. The role of viral infections in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2016; 10:158-74. [PMID: 26611907 PMCID: PMC5933560 DOI: 10.1177/1753465815618113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are major causes of global morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical course of both asthma and COPD are punctuated by the occurrence of exacerbations, acute events characterized by increased symptoms and airflow obstruction. Exacerbations contribute most of the morbidity, mortality and excess healthcare costs associated with both asthma and COPD. COPD and asthma exacerbations are frequently associated with respiratory virus infections and this has led to an intense research focus into the mechanisms of virus-induced exacerbations over the past decade. Current therapies are effective in reducing chronic symptoms but are less effective in preventing exacerbations, particularly in COPD. Understanding the mechanisms of virus-induced exacerbation will lead to the development of new targeted therapies that can reduce the burden of virus-induced exacerbations. In this review we discuss current knowledge of virus-induced exacerbations of asthma and COPD with a particular focus on mechanisms, human studies, virus-bacteria interactions and therapeutic advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hewitt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Hugo Farne
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Andrew Ritchie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Emma Luke
- Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Patrick Mallia
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Q, Wan H, Huang S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Guo X, He P, Zhou M. Critical role of RIG-I-like receptors in inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2016; 10:22-31. [PMID: 24992168 PMCID: PMC7162323 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral infection is a significant cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute exacerbation of COPD. Retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), including RIG-I and melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA-5), are important pattern recognition receptors for viral elimination. OBJECTIVE The study aims to investigate the role of RIG-I and MDA-5 in COPD pathogenesis. METHODS We examined the expression of RIG-I and MDA-5 by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blots in COPD patients and control subjects. RESULTS Our results showed that MDA-5 expression was upregulated in lung tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of COPD patients and there was a negative correlation between MDA-5 mRNA levels and forced expiratory volume in 1 s %pred. COPD patients had higher interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-8 mRNA expression levels, and these inflammatory cytokines positively correlate with MDA-5 levels. However, there was no difference in the expression of RIG-I between COPD patients and control subjects. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that MDA-5, but not RIG-I, may play a critical role in airway inflammation in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiurui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huanying Wan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shaoguang Huang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyInstitutes of Medical SciencesShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyInstitutes of Medical SciencesShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyInstitutes of Medical SciencesShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ping He
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyInstitutes of Medical SciencesShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Respiratory MedicineRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Interferon response of the cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelium to major and minor group rhinovirus infection. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 15:332-9. [PMID: 26613982 PMCID: PMC7185532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rhinoviruses (RVs) are associated with exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma and COPD. There is growing evidence suggesting the involvement of the interferon (IFN) pathway in RV-associated morbidity in asthma and COPD. The mechanisms of RV-triggered exacerbations in CF are poorly understood. In a pilot study, we assessed the antiviral response of CF and healthy bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) to RV infection, we measured the levels of IFNs, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) upon infection with major and minor group RVs and poly(IC) stimulation. Major group RV infection of CF BECs resulted in a trend towards a diminished IFN response at the level of IFNs, PRRs and ISGs in comparison to healthy BECs. Contrary to major group RV, the IFN pathway induction upon minor group RV infection was significantly increased at the level of IFNs and PRRs in CF BECs compared to healthy BECs.
Collapse
|
32
|
Humphries F, Moynagh PN. Molecular and physiological roles of Pellino E3 ubiquitin ligases in immunity. Immunol Rev 2015; 266:93-108. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiachra Humphries
- Institute of Immunology; Department of Biology; National University of Ireland Maynooth; Maynooth Ireland
| | - Paul N. Moynagh
- Institute of Immunology; Department of Biology; National University of Ireland Maynooth; Maynooth Ireland
- Centre for Infection and Immunity; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; Northern Ireland UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kalyuzhin OV, Chelenkova IN, Ponezheva ZB. [Impact of respiratory viruses on the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: towards optimizing treatment]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:98-104. [PMID: 26027249 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201587398-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The paper analyzes the currently available data on the impact of respiratory viruses (RVs) on the exacerbations and clinical phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as on the molecular mechanisms of this impact. It emphasizes the role of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), primarily rhinovirus infections (RVI) as the most important triggers of COPD exacerbations and the causes of their severe and long-term course. Particular attention is given to ARVI-induced secondary bacterial infections that worsen COPD exacerbations. The mechanisms of how RVs potentiate chronic inflammation and remodeling of the airway, which are caused by tobacco smoke, are depicted. There are arguments that there is a much greater correlation of the acute episodes showing the more severe respiratory symptoms of COPD with ARVI than can be found by molecular methods for RV verification. The body's genetic and/or acquired excessive response to viral invasion does not reflect the efficacy of antiviral defense and is an endogenous damaging factor in this situation. The role of RVs in the formation of the clinical phenotypes of COPD with frequent exacerbations remains debatable. The need for a search and more active practical introduction of means to prevent virus-induced COPD exacerbations appears obvious. In this regard, the authors identify chemical and mechanical polyvalent bacterial lysates for oral and sublingual administration. In addition to nonspecific stimulation of antiviral defense, these medicines induce antigen-specific mucosal and systemic reactions against bacterial pathogens. The role of ARVI pathogens in COPD exacerbations deserves a greater practical attention focused towards optimizing the treatment of this social disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O V Kalyuzhin
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - I N Chelenkova
- Consulting Department, State Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zh B Ponezheva
- Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Baines KJ, Upham JW, Yerkovich ST, Chang AB, Marchant JM, Carroll M, Simpson JL, Gibson PG. Mediators of neutrophil function in children with protracted bacterial bronchitis. Chest 2014; 146:1013-1020. [PMID: 24874501 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common and treatable cause of chronic wet cough in children in which the mechanisms are not understood. This study investigates the IL-1 pathway and a neutrophil gene expression signature in PBB. METHODS BAL was collected from children in an experimental cohort (n = 21, PBB; n = 33, control subjects), and a second validation cohort (n = 36, PBB; n = 11, control subjects). IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and α-defensins 1-3 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, together with selected IL-1 pathway members and neutrophil-related molecules. RESULTS In the experimental cohort, children with symptomatic PBB had significantly higher levels of IL-1β and α-defensin gene and protein expression. Expression of the neutrophil chemokine receptor C-X-C motif receptor 2 was also higher in PBB. IL-1RA protein was higher, however, the IL-1RA:IL-1β ratio was lower in children with PBB than control subjects. In the validation cohort, protein and gene expression of IL-1β and α-defensins 1-3 were confirmed higher, as was gene expression of IL-1 pathway members and C-X-C motif receptor 2. IL-1β and α-defensin 1-3 levels lowered when PBB was treated and resolved. In children with recurrent PBB, gene expression of the IL-1β signaling molecules pellino-1 and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 2 was significantly higher. IL-1β protein levels correlated with BAL neutrophilia and the duration and severity of cough symptoms. IL-1β and α-defensin 1-3 levels were highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS PBB is characterized by increased IL-1β pathway activation. IL-1β and related mediators were associated with BAL neutrophils, cough symptoms, and disease recurrence, providing insight into PBB pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Baines
- The Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Callaghan, NSW; The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW.
| | - John W Upham
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW
| | - Stephanie T Yerkovich
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW; Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW
| | - Anne B Chang
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD; Qld Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD; Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Julie M Marchant
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Melanie Carroll
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- The Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Callaghan, NSW; The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW
| | - Peter G Gibson
- The Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Callaghan, NSW; The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gulraiz F, Bellinghausen C, Dentener MA, Reynaert NL, Gaajetaan GR, Beuken EV, Rohde GG, Bruggeman CA, Stassen FR. Efficacy of IFN-λ1 to protect human airway epithelial cells against human rhinovirus 1B infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95134. [PMID: 24751942 PMCID: PMC3994020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired interferon (IFN) production has been observed in various obstructive respiratory diseases. This contributes to enhanced sensitivity towards viral infections triggering acute exacerbations. To compensate for this impaired host IFN response, there is need to explore new therapeutic strategies, like exogenous administration of IFNs as prophylactic treatment. In the present study, we examined the protective potential of IFN-λ1 and compared it with the previously established protecting effect of IFN-β. A549 cells and human primary bronchial epithelial cells were first treated with either IFN-β (500 IU/ml) or IFN-λ1 (500 ng/ml) for 18 h. For infection, two approaches were adopted: i) Continuous scenario: after pre-treatment, cells were infected immediately for 24 h with human rhinovirus 1B (HRV1B) in IFN-containing medium, or were cultured for another 72 h in IFN-containing medium, and then infected for 24 h with HRV1B, ii) Pre-treatment scenario: IFN-containing medium was replaced after 18 h and cells were infected for 4 h either immediately after pre-treatment or after additional culturing for 72 h in IFN-free medium. The protective effect was evaluated in terms of reduction in the number of viral copies/infectious progeny, and enhanced expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In both cell types and in both approaches, IFN-λ1 and IFN-β treatment resulted in pronounced and long-lasting antiviral effects exemplified by significantly reduced viral copy numbers and diminished infectious progeny. This was associated with strong up-regulation of multiple ISGs. However, in contrast to the IFN-β induced expression of ISGs, which decreased over time, expression of ISGs induced by IFN-λ1 was sustained or even increased over time. Here we demonstrate that the protective potential of IFN-λ1 is comparable to IFN-β. Yet, the long-lasting induction of ISGs by IFN-λ1 and most likely less incitement of side effects due to more localized expression of its receptors could make it an even more promising candidate for prophylactic treatment than IFN-β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Gulraiz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Bellinghausen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke A. Dentener
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Niki L. Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Giel R. Gaajetaan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik V. Beuken
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gernot G. Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cathrien A. Bruggeman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank R. Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kroeker AL, Coombs KM. Systems biology unravels interferon responses to respiratory virus infections. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:12-25. [PMID: 24600511 PMCID: PMC3942539 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon production is an important defence against viral replication and its activation is an attractive therapeutic target. However, it has long been known that viruses perpetually evolve a multitude of strategies to evade these host immune responses. In recent years there has been an explosion of information on virus-induced alterations of the host immune response that have resulted from data-rich omics technologies. Unravelling how these systems interact and determining the overall outcome of the host response to viral infection will play an important role in future treatment and vaccine development. In this review we focus primarily on the interferon pathway and its regulation as well as mechanisms by which respiratory RNA viruses interfere with its signalling capacity.
Collapse
|
37
|
Wagener AH, Zwinderman AH, Luiten S, Fokkens WJ, Bel EH, Sterk PJ, van Drunen CM. dsRNA-induced changes in gene expression profiles of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells from patients with asthma, rhinitis and controls. Respir Res 2014; 15:9. [PMID: 24475887 PMCID: PMC3916078 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhinovirus infections are the most common cause of asthma exacerbations. The complex responses by airway epithelium to rhinovirus can be captured by gene expression profiling. We hypothesized that: a) upper and lower airway epithelium exhibit differential responses to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and b) that this is modulated by the presence of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Objectives Identification of dsRNA-induced gene expression profiles of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells from the same individuals and examining the impact of allergic rhinitis with and without concomitant allergic asthma on expression profiles. Methods This study had a cross-sectional design including 18 subjects: 6 patients with allergic asthma with concomitant rhinitis, 6 patients with allergic rhinitis, and 6 healthy controls. Comparing 6 subjects per group, the estimated false discovery rate was approximately 5%. RNA was extracted from isolated and cultured primary epithelial cells from nasal biopsies and bronchial brushings stimulated with dsRNA (poly(I:C)), and analyzed by microarray (Affymetrix U133+ PM Genechip Array). Data were analysed using R and the Bioconductor Limma package. Overrepresentation of gene ontology groups were captured by GeneSpring GX12. Results In total, 17 subjects completed the study successfully (6 allergic asthma with rhinitis, 5 allergic rhinitis, 6 healthy controls). dsRNA-stimulated upper and lower airway epithelium from asthma patients demonstrated significantly fewer induced genes, exhibiting reduced down-regulation of mitochondrial genes. The majority of genes related to viral responses appeared to be similarly induced in upper and lower airways in all groups. However, the induction of several interferon-related genes (IRF3, IFNAR1, IFNB1, IFNGR1, IL28B) was impaired in patients with asthma. Conclusions dsRNA differentially changes transcriptional profiles of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells from patients with allergic rhinitis with or without asthma and controls. Our data suggest that respiratory viruses affect mitochondrial genes, and we identified disease-specific genes that provide potential targets for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane H Wagener
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Pellino proteins were initially characterized as a family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that can catalyse the ubiquitylation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and regulate innate immune signalling pathways. More recently, physiological and molecular roles for members of the Pellino family have been described in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses by ubiquitylation. This Review describes the emerging roles of Pellino proteins in innate and adaptive immunity and discusses the mechanistic basis of these functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Moynagh
- 1] Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland. [2] Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gunawardana N, Finney L, Johnston SL, Mallia P. Experimental rhinovirus infection in COPD: implications for antiviral therapies. Antiviral Res 2013; 102:95-105. [PMID: 24370732 PMCID: PMC7172491 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
COPD exacerbations are a major cause of morbidity and mortality; new treatments are urgently needed. Respiratory viruses, particularly rhinoviruses, are a major cause of exacerbations. Experimental rhinovirus infection is a valid model of virus-induced COPD exacerbations. This model could be used to evaluate new antiviral treatments in COPD.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem and will be one of the leading global causes of mortality over the coming decades. Much of the morbidity, mortality and health care costs of COPD are attributable to acute exacerbations, the commonest causes of which are respiratory infections. Respiratory viruses are frequently detected in COPD exacerbations but direct proof of a causative relationship has been lacking. We have developed a model of COPD exacerbation using experimental rhinovirus infection in COPD patients and this has established a causative relationship between virus infection and exacerbations. In addition it has determined some of the molecular mechanisms linking virus infections to COPD exacerbations and identified potential new therapeutic targets. This new data should stimulate research into the role of antiviral agents as potential treatments for COPD exacerbations. Testing of antiviral agents has been hampered by the lack of a small animal model for rhinovirus infection and experimental rhinovirus infection in healthy volunteers has been used to test treatments for the common cold. Experimental rhinovirus infection in COPD subjects offers the prospect of a model that can be used to evaluate the effects of new treatments for virus-induced COPD exacerbations, and provide essential data that can be used in making decisions regarding large scale clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Gunawardana
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Finney
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Mallia
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Clinical trials with new drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been performed. Viruses exacerbate COPD and bacteria may play a part in severe COPD; therefore, antibiotic and antiviral approaches have a sound rationale. Antiinflammatory approaches have been studied. Advances in understanding the molecular basis of other processes have resulted in novel drugs to target reactive oxidant species, mucus, proteases, fibrosis, cachexia, and muscle wasting, and accelerated aging. Studies with monoclonal antibodies have been disappointing, highlighting the tendency for infections and malignancies during treatment. Promising future directions are lung regeneration with retinoids and stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Ross
- Imperial Clinical Respiratory Research Unit (ICRRU), Biomedical Research Centre (BMRC), Centre for Respiratory Infection (CRI), National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, Praed Street, Paddington, London W2 INY, UK
| | - Trevor T Hansel
- Imperial Clinical Respiratory Research Unit (ICRRU), Biomedical Research Centre (BMRC), Centre for Respiratory Infection (CRI), National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, Praed Street, Paddington, London W2 INY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|