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Van Roy Z, Kielian T. Tumor necrosis factor regulates leukocyte recruitment but not bacterial persistence during Staphylococcus aureus craniotomy infection. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:179. [PMID: 39044282 PMCID: PMC11264501 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniotomy is a common neurosurgery used to treat intracranial pathologies. Nearly 5% of the 14 million craniotomies performed worldwide each year become infected, most often with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which forms a biofilm on the surface of the resected bone segment to establish a chronic infection that is recalcitrant to antibiotics and immune-mediated clearance. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a prototypical proinflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in generating protective immunity to various infections. Although TNF is elevated during S. aureus craniotomy infection, its functional importance in regulating disease pathogenesis has not been explored. METHODS A mouse model of S. aureus craniotomy infection was used to investigate the functional importance of TNF signaling using TNF, TNFR1, and TNFR2 knockout (KO) mice by quantifying bacterial burden, immune infiltrates, inflammatory mediators, and transcriptional changes by RNA-seq. Complementary experiments examined neutrophil extracellular trap formation, leukocyte apoptosis, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity. RESULTS TNF transiently regulated neutrophil and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment to the brain, subcutaneous galea, and bone flap as evident by significant reductions in both cell types between days 7 to 14 post-infection coinciding with significant decreases in several chemokines, which recovered to wild type levels by day 28. Despite these defects, bacterial burdens were similar in TNF KO and WT mice. RNA-seq revealed enhanced lymphotoxin-α (Lta) expression in TNF KO granulocytes. Since both TNF and LTα signal through TNFR1 and TNFR2, KO mice for each receptor were examined to assess potential redundancy; however, neither strain had any impact on S. aureus burden. In vitro studies revealed that TNF loss selectively altered macrophage responses to S. aureus since TNF KO macrophages displayed significant reductions in phagocytosis, apoptosis, IL-6 production, and bactericidal activity in response to live S. aureus, whereas granulocytes were not affected. CONCLUSION These findings implicate TNF in modulating granulocyte recruitment during acute craniotomy infection via secondary effects on chemokine production and identify macrophages as a key cellular target of TNF action. However, the lack of changes in bacterial burden in TNF KO animals suggests the involvement of additional signals that dictate S. aureus pathogenesis during craniotomy infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Van Roy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA.
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2
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Kefaloyianni E. Soluble forms of cytokine and growth factor receptors: Mechanisms of generation and modes of action in the regulation of local and systemic inflammation. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:589-606. [PMID: 35113454 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine and growth factor receptors are usually transmembrane proteins but they can also exist in soluble forms, either through cleavage and release of their ligand-binding extracellular domain, or through secretion of a soluble isoform. As an extension of this concept, transmembrane receptors on exosomes released into the circulation may act similarly to circulating soluble receptors. These soluble receptors add to the complexity of cytokine and growth factor signalling: they can function as decoy receptor that compete for ligand binding with their respective membrane-bound forms thereby attenuating signalling, or stabilize their ligands, or activate additional signalling events through interactions with other cell-surface proteins. Their soluble nature allows for a functional role away from the production sites, in remote cell types and organs. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that soluble receptors participate in the regulation and orchestration of various key cellular processes, particularly inflammatory responses. In this review, we will discuss release mechanisms of soluble cytokine and growth factor receptors, their mechanisms of action, as well as strategies for targeting their pathways in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Kefaloyianni
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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3
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Kubo S, Fritz JM, Raquer-McKay HM, Kataria R, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Al-Shaibi A, Yao Y, Zheng L, Zou J, Waldman AD, Jing X, Farley TK, Park AY, Oler AJ, Charles AK, Makhlouf M, AbouMoussa EH, Hasnah R, Saraiva LR, Ganesan S, Al-Subaiey AA, Matthews H, Flano E, Lee HH, Freeman AF, Sefer AP, Sayar E, Çakır E, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Baris S, Belkaid Y, Ozen A, Lo B, Lenardo MJ. Congenital iRHOM2 deficiency causes ADAM17 dysfunction and environmentally directed immunodysregulatory disease. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:75-85. [PMID: 34937930 PMCID: PMC11060421 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report a pleiotropic disease due to loss-of-function mutations in RHBDF2, the gene encoding iRHOM2, in two kindreds with recurrent infections in different organs. One patient had recurrent pneumonia but no colon involvement, another had recurrent infectious hemorrhagic colitis but no lung involvement and the other two experienced recurrent respiratory infections. Loss of iRHOM2, a rhomboid superfamily member that regulates the ADAM17 metalloproteinase, caused defective ADAM17-dependent cleavage and release of cytokines, including tumor-necrosis factor and amphiregulin. To understand the diverse clinical phenotypes, we challenged Rhbdf2-/- mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by nasal gavage and observed more severe pneumonia, whereas infection with Citrobacter rodentium caused worse inflammatory colitis than in wild-type mice. The fecal microbiota in the colitis patient had characteristic oral species that can predispose to colitis. Thus, a human immunodeficiency arising from iRHOM2 deficiency causes divergent disease phenotypes that can involve the local microbial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kubo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jill M Fritz
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cooley, LLP in Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hayley M Raquer-McKay
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rhea Kataria
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Yikun Yao
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Zou
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alex D Waldman
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xinyi Jing
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taylor K Farley
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ann Y Park
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Oler
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Reem Hasnah
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luis R Saraiva
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Helen Matthews
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emilio Flano
- Discovery Oncology and Immunology, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyun Hee Lee
- Discovery Oncology and Immunology, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Asena Pınar Sefer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ersin Sayar
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Altinbas University Medical Park Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Çakır
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Bezmialem Vakif University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Baris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey.
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bernice Lo
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Michael J Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Interleukin-13 overexpressing mice represent an advanced pre-clinical model for detecting the distribution of anti-mycobacterial drugs within centrally necrotizing granulomas. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 66:e0158821. [PMID: 34871095 PMCID: PMC9211424 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01588-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis-harboring granuloma with a necrotic center surrounded by a fibrous capsule is the hallmark of tuberculosis (TB). For a successful treatment, antibiotics need to penetrate these complex structures to reach their bacterial targets. Hence, animal models reflecting the pulmonary pathology of TB patients are of particular importance to improve the preclinical validation of novel drug candidates. M. tuberculosis-infected interleukin-13-overexpressing (IL-13tg) mice develop a TB pathology very similar to patients and, in contrast to other mouse models, also share pathogenetic mechanisms. Accordingly, IL-13tg animals represent an ideal model for analyzing the penetration of novel anti-TB drugs into various compartments of necrotic granulomas by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MS imaging). In the present study, we evaluated the suitability of BALB/c IL-13tg mice for determining the antibiotic distribution within necrotizing lesions. To this end, we established a workflow based on the inactivation of M. tuberculosis by gamma irradiation while preserving lung tissue integrity and drug distribution, which is essential for correlating drug penetration with lesion pathology. MALDI-MS imaging analysis of clofazimine, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin revealed a drug-specific distribution within different lesion types, including cellular granulomas, developing in BALB/c wild-type mice, and necrotic granulomas in BALB/c IL-13tg animals, emphasizing the necessity of preclinical models reflecting human pathology. Most importantly, our study demonstrates that BALB/c IL-13tg mice recapitulate the penetration of antibiotics into human lesions. Therefore, our workflow in combination with the IL-13tg mouse model provides an improved and accelerated evaluation of novel anti-TB drugs and new regimens in the preclinical stage.
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Differential Interactions of Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Complement Proteins with Conidia of Airborne Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00212-20. [PMID: 32571987 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00212-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though both cellular and humoral immunities contribute to host defense, the role played by humoral immunity against the airborne opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus has been underexplored. In this study, we aimed at deciphering the role of the complement system, the major humoral immune component, against A. fumigatus Mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins extracted from A. fumigatus conidial (asexual spores and infective propagules) surfaces opsonized with human serum indicated that C3 is the major complement protein involved. Flow cytometry and immunolabeling assays further confirmed C3b (activated C3) deposition on the conidial surfaces. Assays using cell wall components of conidia indicated that the hydrophobin RodAp, β-(1,3)-glucan (BG) and galactomannan (GM) could efficiently activate C3. Using complement component-depleted sera, we showed that while RodAp activates C3 by the alternative pathway, BG and GM partially follow the classical and lectin pathways, respectively. Opsonization facilitated conidial aggregation and phagocytosis, and complement receptor (CR3 and CR4) blockage on phagocytes significantly inhibited phagocytosis, indicating that the complement system exerts a protective role against conidia by opsonizing them and facilitating their phagocytosis mainly through complement receptors. Conidial opsonization with human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) confirmed C3 to be the major complement protein interacting with conidia. Nevertheless, complement C2 and mannose-binding lectin (MBL), the classical and lectin pathway components, respectively, were not identified, indicating that BALF activates the alternative pathway on the conidial surface. Moreover, the cytokine profiles were different upon stimulation of phagocytes with serum- and BALF-opsonized conidia, highlighting the importance of studying interaction of conidia with complement proteins in their biological niche.
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6
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Li X, Körner H, Liu X. Susceptibility to Intracellular Infections: Contributions of TNF to Immune Defense. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1643. [PMID: 32760383 PMCID: PMC7374010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An interesting puzzle is the fact that an infection of a tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)-deficient host with pathogens such as bacteria or parasites that reside intracellularly inevitably ends fatally. Is this due to one specific role of TNF in the immune defense or are different functions responsible for this outcome? In this review we provide an update of the functions of TNF in the defense against the intracellular pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Leishmania major. Furthermore, we discuss the role of TNF in the generation of proinflammatory macrophages in mouse models of infection and summarize briefly the potential consequences of anti-TNF treatment for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- Translational Research Institute, Academy of Medical Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immunodrugs in Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Translational Research Institute, Academy of Medical Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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7
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Liu F, Zhang Z, Chen H, Nie S. Associations of ambient air pollutants with regional pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the central Chinese province of Hubei: a Bayesian spatial-temporal analysis. Environ Health 2020; 19:51. [PMID: 32410699 PMCID: PMC7226955 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are still serious worldwide problems, especially in areas of developing countries. Whether there is an association between high ambient air pollutant concentrations and PTB has not been fully explored. METHODS Bayesian spatial-temporal models were constructed to analyse the association between ambient air pollutants (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) and PTB incidence, adjusting for socioeconomic covariates. We collected data on pulmonary TB, ambient air pollution (PM10, SO2 and NO2) concentrations and socioeconomic covariates from 17 prefectures in the central Chinese province of Hubei between Jan 1, 2006, and Dec 31, 2015. RESULTS For every annual 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2, the relative risk (RR) of PTB incidence was 1.046 (95% credible interval [CI], 1.038-1.054) in the study area. Moreover, we found positive associations with each annual 10 μg/m3 increase in ambient air pollutants (PM10, SO2 and NO2) in females but only with SO2 in males. A significant association for each 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 was observed in all the age groups, with a significant association for PM10 only in children under 14 years of age. A significant response relationship was also observed at a 0-1 month moving average lag for each 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2. CONCLUSIONS High ambient air pollution concentrations in areas of developing countries might increase the risk of regional PTB incidence, especially for women and young people. Precautions and protective measures and efforts to reduce ambient air pollutant concentrations should be strengthened in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixia Zhang
- Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Hubei Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaofa Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zhang N, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Selective inhibition of Tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:80-85. [PMID: 32327345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-TNF biologics have achieved great success in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and have been the most selling biologics on market. However, the anti-TNF biologics have shown some disadvantages such as poor efficacy to some patients and high risk of infection and malignancies during clinical application. Current anti-TNF biologics are antibodies or antibody fragments that bind to TNF-α and subsequently block both TNF-TNFR1 and TNF-TNFR2 signaling. Transgenic animal studies indicate that TNFR1 signaling is responsible for chronic inflammation and cell apoptosis whereas TNFR2 signaling regulates tissue regeneration and inflammation. Recent studies propose to selectively inhibit TNFR1 to enhance efficacy and avoid side effects. In this review, we introduce the biology of TNF-TNFR1 and TNF-TNFR2 signaling, the advantages of selective inhibition of TNF-TNFR1 signaling and research updates on the development of selective inhibitors for TNF-TNFR1 signaling. Antibodies, small molecules and aptamers that selectively inhibit TNFR1 have showed therapeutic potential and less side effects in preclinical studies. Development of selective inhibitors for TNFR1 is a good strategy to enhance the efficacy and reduce the side effects of anti-TNF inhibitors and will be a trend for next-generation of anti-TNF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Yongxing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China.
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9
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Atretkhany KSN, Gogoleva VS, Drutskaya MS, Nedospasov SA. Distinct modes of TNF signaling through its two receptors in health and disease. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:893-905. [PMID: 32083339 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0120-510r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF is a key proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine whose deregulation is associated with the development of autoimmune diseases and other pathologies. Recent studies suggest that distinct functions of TNF may be associated with differential engagement of its two receptors: TNFR1 or TNFR2. In this review, we discuss the relative contributions of these receptors to pathogenesis of several diseases, with the focus on autoimmunity and neuroinflammation. In particular, we discuss the role of TNFRs in the development of regulatory T cells during neuroinflammation and recent findings concerning targeting TNFR2 with agonistic and antagonistic reagents in various murine models of autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamar-Sulu N Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Violetta S Gogoleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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10
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Inhibition of transmembrane TNF-α shedding by a specific antibody protects against septic shock. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:586. [PMID: 31383857 PMCID: PMC6683172 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane TNF-α (tmTNF-α) and secretory TNF-α (sTNF-α) display opposite effects in septic shock. Reducing tmTNF-α shedding can offset the detrimental effects of sTNF-α and increase the beneficial effect of tmTNF-α. We previously developed a monoclonal antibody that is specific for tmTNF-α and does not cross-react with sTNF-α. In this study, we show that this antibody can specifically suppress tmTNF-α shedding by competing with a TNF-α converting enzyme that cleaves the tmTNF-α ectodomain to release sTNF-α. This tmTNF-α antibody significantly inhibited LPS-induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon-β, and nitric oxide by monocytes/macrophages, and protected mice from septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cecal ligation and puncture, while reducing the bacterial load. The mechanism associated with the protective effect of this tmTNF-α antibody involved promotion of LPS-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) internalization and degradation by recruiting Triad3A to TLR4. Moreover, the tmTNF-α antibody inhibited LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 pathways by upregulating expression of A20 and monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1. Similarly, treatment of macrophages with exogenous tmTNF-α suppressed LPS/TLR4 signaling and release of proinflammatory cytokines, indicating that increased levels of tmTNF-α promoted by the antibody contributed to its inhibitory effect. Thus, use of this tmTNF-α antibody for specific suppression of tmTNF-α shedding may be a promising strategy to treat septic shock.
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11
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Li Z, Mao X, Liu Q, Song H, Ji Y, Xu D, Qiu B, Tian D, Wang J. Long-term effect of exposure to ambient air pollution on the risk of active tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 87:177-184. [PMID: 31374344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the long-term effect of exposure to ambient air pollution on the risk of active tuberculosis (TB). METHODS We constructed a distributed-lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to evaluate the relatively long-term influence of outdoor PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 exposure on active TB risk in the city of Lianyungang in Jiangsu Province, China. RESULTS There were 7,282 TB cases reported in the study area during 2014-2017, with annual median (interquartile range) concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 at 45.86 (34.57-64.14) μg/m3, 85.43 (62.86-116.14) μg/m3, 22.00 (15.71-30.86) μg/m3 and 30.00 (23.29-38.57) μg/m3, respectively. The single-pollutant model showed that for each 10 μg/m3 increase in concentration, the cumulative relative risk of TB was 1.12 (lag 0-24 weeks, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22) for PM2.5 with reference to 35 μg/m3; 1.11 (lag 0-21 weeks, 95% CI: 1.06-1.17) for PM10 with reference to 70 μg/m3; 1.37 (lag 0-20 weeks, 95% CI: 1.16-1.62) for SO2 with reference to 60 μg/m3; and 1.29 (lag 0-22 weeks, 95% CI: 1.11-1.49) for NO2 with reference to 40 μg/m3. In the multipollutant model considering both PM10 and NO2, the association remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a potential association between outdoor exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 and active TB. Considering that people from developing countries continue to be exposed to both severe outdoor air pollution and high rates of latent TB infection, the association between worsening air pollution and active TB deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214200, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Marakalala MJ, Martinez FO, Plüddemann A, Gordon S. Macrophage Heterogeneity in the Immunopathogenesis of Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1028. [PMID: 29875747 PMCID: PMC5974223 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in tuberculosis, as the site of primary infection, inducers and effectors of inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity, as well as mediators of tissue destruction and repair. Early descriptions by pathologists have emphasized their morphological heterogeneity in granulomas, followed by delineation of T lymphocyte-dependent activation of anti-mycobacterial resistance. More recently, powerful genetic and molecular tools have become available to describe macrophage cellular properties and their role in host-pathogen interactions. In this review we discuss aspects of macrophage heterogeneity relevant to the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and, conversely, lessons that can be learnt from mycobacterial infection, with regard to the immunobiological functions of macrophages in homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohlopheni J. Marakalala
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fernando O. Martinez
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Plüddemann
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Yang S, Wang J, Brand DD, Zheng SG. Role of TNF-TNF Receptor 2 Signal in Regulatory T Cells and Its Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2018; 9:784. [PMID: 29725328 PMCID: PMC5916970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine which signals through TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). Emerging evidence has demonstrated that TNFR1 is ubiquitously expressed on almost all cells, while TNFR2 exhibits a limited expression, predominantly on regulatory T cells (Tregs). In addition, the signaling pathway by sTNF via TNFR1 mainly triggers pro-inflammatory pathways, and mTNF binding to TNFR2 usually initiates immune modulation and tissue regeneration. TNFα plays a critical role in upregulation or downregulation of Treg activity. Deficiency in TNFR2 signaling is significant in various autoimmune diseases. An ideal therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases would be to selectively block the sTNF/TNFR1 signal through the administration of sTNF inhibitors, or using TNFR1 antagonists while keeping the TNFR2 signaling pathway intact. Another promising strategy would be to rely on TNFR2 agonists which could drive the expansion of Tregs and promote tissue regeneration. Design of these therapeutic strategies targeting the TNFR1 or TNFR2 signaling pathways holds promise for the treatment of diverse inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | | | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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14
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TNFR signalling and its clinical implications. Cytokine 2018; 101:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Belmellat N, Semerano L, Segueni N, Damotte D, Decker P, Ryffel B, Quesniaux V, Boissier MC, Assier E. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Targeting Can Protect against Arthritis with Low Sensitization to Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1533. [PMID: 29184553 PMCID: PMC5694445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blockade is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases, but in patients, it is associated with reduced resistance to the infectious agents Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes, among others. Our goal was to model infection and arthritis in mice and to compare etanercept, a currently used anti-TNF-α inhibitor, to an anti-TNF-α vaccine. We developed a murine surrogate of the TNF-α kinoid and produced an anti-murine TNF-α vaccine (TNFKi) composed of keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugated to TNF-α, which resulted in anti-TNF-α antibody production in mice. We also used etanercept (a soluble receptor of TNF commonly used to treat RA) as a control of TNF neutralization. In a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis, TNFKi protected against inflammation similar to etanercept. In a mouse model of acute L. monocytogenes infection, all TNFKi-treated mice showed cleared bacterial infection and survived, whereas etanercept-treated mice showed large liver granulomas and quickly died. Moreover, TNFKi mice infected with the virulent H37Rv M. tuberculosis showed resistance to infection, in contrast with etanercept-treated mice or controls. Depending on the TNF-α blockade strategy, treating arthritis with a TNF-α inhibitor could result in a different profile of infection suceptibility. Our TNFKi vaccine allowed for a better remaining host defense than did etanercept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Belmellat
- UMR 1125 INSERM, Bobigny, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Luca Semerano
- UMR 1125 INSERM, Bobigny, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, Groupe Hospitalier Avicenne-Jean Verdier-René Muret, APHP, Bobigny, France
| | - Noria Segueni
- INEM UMR7355, CNRS, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Service de pathologie Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Decker
- UMR 1125 INSERM, Bobigny, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- INEM UMR7355, CNRS, University of Orléans, Orléans, France.,IDM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Marie-Christophe Boissier
- UMR 1125 INSERM, Bobigny, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, Groupe Hospitalier Avicenne-Jean Verdier-René Muret, APHP, Bobigny, France
| | - Eric Assier
- UMR 1125 INSERM, Bobigny, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
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16
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Chavez-Galan L, Vesin D, Uysal H, Blaser G, Benkhoucha M, Ryffel B, Quesniaux VFJ, Garcia I. Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor Controls Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Activity via TNF Receptor 2 and Protects from Excessive Inflammation during BCG-Induced Pleurisy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:999. [PMID: 28890718 PMCID: PMC5574880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural tuberculosis (TB) is a form of extra-pulmonary TB observed in patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) has been observed in animal models of TB and in human patients but their role remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the role of transmembrane TNF (tmTNF) in the accumulation and function of MDSC in the pleural cavity during an acute mycobacterial infection. Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced pleurisy was resolved in mice expressing tmTNF, but lethal in the absence of tumor necrosis factor. Pleural infection induced MDSC accumulation in the pleural cavity and functional MDSC required tmTNF to suppress T cells as did pleural wild-type MDSC. Interaction of MDSC expressing tmTNF with CD4 T cells bearing TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), but not TNFR1, was required for MDSC suppressive activity on CD4 T cells. Expression of tmTNF attenuated Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory responses generated by the acute pleural mycobacterial infection in association with effective MDSC expressing tmTNF and interacting with CD4 T cells expressing TNFR2. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the crucial role played by the tmTNF/TNFR2 pathway in MDSC suppressive activity required during acute pleural infection to attenuate excessive inflammation generated by the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dominique Vesin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Husnu Uysal
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Blaser
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mahdia Benkhoucha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Valérie F J Quesniaux
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Irene Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Persistent p55TNFR expression impairs T cell responses during chronic tuberculosis and promotes reactivation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39499. [PMID: 27995986 PMCID: PMC5171238 DOI: 10.1038/srep39499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic activities of TNF are mediated by two structurally related but functionally distinct type I transmembrane receptors, p55TNFR and p75TNFR expressed in most cell types, that can be cleaved and act as TNF scavengers. Here, we investigated the effect of persistent p55TNFR cell surface expression during aerosol inhalation challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv. We demonstrated that persistency of p55TNFR in macrophage cultures increased the synthesis of soluble TNF, p75TNFR and NO, however, had no effects on bacteria killing ability. Furthermore, it did not facilitate enhanced protection to primary acute M. tuberculosis infection in p55∆NS mice. Without exacerbated lung inflammation, we found a compensatory increase in p75TNFR shedding and decrease in bioactive TNF in BAL of p55∆NS mice after M. tuberculosis challenge. Defective expressions of CD44 and INFγ attributed to an impaired T cell response during persistent p55TNFR expression that caused marginal transient susceptibility during chronic infection. Moreover, persistent p55TNFR expression induced early reactivation during latent tuberculosis infection. These data indicate a prominent role of p55TNFR shedding in Th1 mediated protection against chronic and latent tuberculosis infection.
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18
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Smith GS, Van Den Eeden SK, Garcia C, Shan J, Baxter R, Herring AH, Richardson DB, Van Rie A, Emch M, Gammon MD. Air Pollution and Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Nested Case-Control Study among Members of a Northern California Health Plan. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:761-8. [PMID: 26859438 PMCID: PMC4892908 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecologic analyses, case-case comparisons, and animal experiments suggest positive associations between air pollution and tuberculosis. OBJECTIVES We evaluated this hypothesis in a large sample, which yielded results that are applicable to the general population. METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested within a cohort of Kaiser Permanente of Northern California members. All active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases newly diagnosed between 1996 and 2010 (n = 2,309) were matched to two controls (n = 4,604) by age, sex, and race/ethnicity on the index date corresponding with the case diagnosis date. Average individual-level concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) for 2 years before diagnosis/entry into the study were estimated using measurements from the California Air Resources Board monitor closest to the participant's residence. RESULTS In single-pollutant adjusted conditional logistic regression models, the pulmonary TB odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest quintile (vs. lowest) were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.95) for CO and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.84) for NO2. Corresponding estimates were higher among never [1.68 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.24)] than ever [1.19 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.92)] smokers for CO. In contrast, for NO2, estimates were higher among ever [1.81 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.91)] than never [1.29 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.71)] smokers. O3 was inversely associated for smokers [0.66 (95% CI: 0.43, 1.02)] and never smokers [0.65 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.81)]. No other consistent patterns were observed. CONCLUSIONS In this first, to our knowledge, U.S. nested case-control study on air pollution and pulmonary TB, we observed positive associations with ambient CO and NO2, which require confirmation. CITATION Smith GS, Van Den Eeden SK, Garcia C, Shan J, Baxter R, Herring AH, Richardson DB, Van Rie A, Emch M, Gammon MD. 2016. Air pollution and pulmonary tuberculosis: a nested case-control study among members of a Northern California health plan. Environ Health Perspect 124:761-768; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneé S. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to G.S. Smith, Department of Epidemiology, CB# 7435 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435 USA. Telephone: (919) 966-7421. E-mail:
| | | | - Cynthia Garcia
- California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jun Shan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Roger Baxter
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Amy H. Herring
- Department of Biostatistics,
- Carolina Population Center, and
| | - David B. Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Annelies Van Rie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Emch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, and
- Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marilie D. Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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19
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Innate myeloid cell TNFR1 mediates first line defence against primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22454. [PMID: 26931771 PMCID: PMC4773807 DOI: 10.1038/srep22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF is crucial for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and
understanding how will help immunomodulating the host response. Here we assessed the
contribution of TNFR1 pathway from innate myeloid versus T cells. We first
established the prominent role of TNFR1 in haematopoietic cells for controlling
M. tuberculosis in TNFR1 KO chimera mice. Further, absence of TNFR1
specifically on myeloid cells (M-TNFR1 KO) recapitulated the uncontrolled M.
tuberculosis infection seen in fully TNFR1 deficient mice, with increased
bacterial burden, exacerbated lung inflammation, and rapid death. Pulmonary IL-12p40
over-expression was attributed to a prominent CD11b+
Gr1high cell population in infected M-TNFR1 KO mice. By contrast,
absence of TNFR1 on T-cells did not compromise the control of M. tuberculosis
infection over 6-months. Thus, the protective TNF/TNFR1 pathway essential for
controlling primary M. tuberculosis infection depends on innate macrophage
and neutrophil myeloid cells, while TNFR1 pathway in T cells is dispensable.
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20
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21
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Tseng HC, Bui V, Man YG, Cacalano N, Jewett A. Induction of Split Anergy Conditions Natural Killer Cells to Promote Differentiation of Stem Cells through Cell-Cell Contact and Secreted Factors. Front Immunol 2014; 5:269. [PMID: 24995006 PMCID: PMC4062968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we provide evidence that anergized NK cells through secreted factors and direct cell–cell contact have the ability to induce differentiation of healthy dental pulp stem cells and stem cell of apical papillae as well as transformed oral squamous cancer stem cell (OSCSC) and Mia-Paca-2, poorly differentiated stem-like pancreatic tumors, resulting in their resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Induction of NK cell resistance and differentiation in the stem cells correlated with the increased expression of CD54, B7H1, and MHC class I, and mediated by the combination of membrane-bound or secreted IFN-γ and TNF-α from the NK cells since antibodies to both cytokines and not each one alone were able to inhibit differentiation or resistance to NK cells. Similarly, antibodies to both TNF-α and IFN-γ were required to prevent NK-mediated inhibition of cell growth, and restored the numbers of the stem cells to the levels obtained when stem cells were cultured in the absence of anergized NK cells. Interestingly, the effect of anti-IFN-γ antibody in the absence of anti-TNF-α antibody was more dominant for the prevention of increase in surface receptor expression since its addition abrogated the increase in CD54, B7H1, and MHC class I surface expression. Antibodies to CD54 or LFA-1 was unable to inhibit differentiation whereas antibodies to MHC class I but not B7H1 increased cytotoxicity of well-differentiated oral squamous carcinoma cells as well as OSCSCs differentiated by the IL-2 + anti-CD16 mAb-treated NK cells whereas it inhibited the cytotoxicity of NK cells against OSCSCs. Thus, NK cells may inhibit the progression of cancer by killing and/or differentiation of cancer stem cells, which severely halt cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ching Tseng
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Vickie Bui
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health System , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Nicholas Cacalano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry and Medicine , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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22
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Keeton R, Allie N, Dambuza I, Abel B, Hsu NJ, Sebesho B, Randall P, Burger P, Fick E, Quesniaux VFJ, Ryffel B, Jacobs M. Soluble TNFRp75 regulates host protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1537-51. [PMID: 24569452 DOI: 10.1172/jci45005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of host protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is critically dependent on the inflammatory cytokine TNF. TNF signals through 2 receptors, TNFRp55 and TNFRp75; however, the role of TNFRp75-dependent signaling in immune regulation is poorly defined. Here we found that mice lacking TNFRp75 exhibit greater control of M. tuberculosis infection compared with WT mice. TNFRp75-/- mice developed effective bactericidal granulomas and demonstrated increased pulmonary recruitment of activated DCs. Moreover, IL-12p40-dependent migration of DCs to lung draining LNs of infected TNFRp75-/- mice was substantially higher than that observed in WT M. tuberculosis-infected animals and was associated with enhanced frequencies of activated M. tuberculosis-specific IFN-γ-expressing CD4+ T cells. In WT mice, TNFRp75 shedding correlated with markedly reduced bioactive TNF levels and IL-12p40 expression. Neutralization of TNFRp75 in M. tuberculosis-infected WT BM-derived DCs (BMDCs) increased production of bioactive TNF and IL-12p40 to a level equivalent to that produced by TNFRp75-/- BMDCs. Addition of exogenous TNFRp75 to TNFRp75-/- BMDCs infected with M. tuberculosis decreased IL-12p40 synthesis, demonstrating that TNFRp75 shedding regulates DC activation. These data indicate that TNFRp75 shedding downmodulates protective immune function and reduces host resistance and survival; therefore, targeting TNFRp75 may be beneficial for improving disease outcome.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Granuloma/pathology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Solubility
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors/deficiency
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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23
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Bourigault ML, Segueni N, Rose S, Court N, Vacher R, Vasseur V, Erard F, Le Bert M, Garcia I, Iwakura Y, Jacobs M, Ryffel B, Quesniaux VFJ. Relative contribution of IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF to the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and attenuated M. bovis BCG. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2013; 1:47-62. [PMID: 25400917 PMCID: PMC4217540 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
TNF and IL-1 are major mediators involved in severe inflammatory diseases against which therapeutic neutralizing antibodies are developed. However, both TNF and IL-1 receptor pathways are essential for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and it is critical to assess the respective role of IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF. Using gene-targeted mice we show that absence of both IL-1α and IL-1β recapitulates the uncontrolled M. tuberculosis infection with increased bacterial burden, exacerbated lung inflammation, high IFNγ, reduced IL-23 p19 and rapid death seen in IL-1R1-deficient mice. However, presence of either IL-1α or IL-1β in single-deficient mice is sufficient to control acute M. tuberculosis infection, with restrained bacterial burden and lung pathology, in conditions where TNF deficient mice succumbed within 4 weeks with overwhelming infection. Systemic infection by attenuated M. bovis BCG was controlled in the absence of functional IL-1 pathway, but not in the absence of TNF. Therefore, although both IL-1α and IL-1β are required for a full host response to virulent M. tuberculosis, the presence of either IL-1α or IL-1β allows some control of acute M. tuberculosis infection, and IL-1 pathway is dispensable for controlling M. bovis BCG acute infection. This is in sharp contrast with TNF, which is essential for host response to both attenuated and virulent mycobacteria and may have implications for anti-inflammatory therapy with IL-1β neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Bourigault
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Noria Segueni
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Stéphanie Rose
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Nathalie Court
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Rachel Vacher
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Virginie Vasseur
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - François Erard
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Marc Le Bert
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
| | - Irene Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa ; National Health Laboratory Service Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France ; Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Valerie F J Quesniaux
- CNRS, UMR7355 Orleans, France ; University of Orleans, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics Orleans, France
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Allie N, Grivennikov SI, Keeton R, Hsu NJ, Bourigault ML, Court N, Fremond C, Yeremeev V, Shebzukhov Y, Ryffel B, Nedospasov SA, Quesniaux VFJ, Jacobs M. Prominent role for T cell-derived tumour necrosis factor for sustained control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1809. [PMID: 23657146 PMCID: PMC3648802 DOI: 10.1038/srep01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) is critical for host control of M. tuberculosis, but the relative contribution of TNF from innate and adaptive immune responses during tuberculosis infection is unclear. Myeloid versus T-cell-derived TNF function in tuberculosis was investigated using cell type-specific TNF deletion. Mice deficient for TNF expression in macrophages/neutrophils displayed early, transient susceptibility to M. tuberculosis but recruited activated, TNF-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and controlled chronic infection. Strikingly, deficient TNF expression in T-cells resulted in early control but susceptibility and eventual mortality during chronic infection with increased pulmonary pathology. TNF inactivation in both myeloid and T-cells rendered mice critically susceptible to infection with a phenotype resembling complete TNF deficient mice, indicating that myeloid and T-cells are the primary TNF sources collaborating for host control of tuberculosis. Thus, while TNF from myeloid cells mediates early immune function, T-cell derived TNF is essential to sustain protection during chronic tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasiema Allie
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Subbian S, Bandyopadhyay N, Tsenova L, O'Brien P, Khetani V, Kushner NL, Peixoto B, Soteropoulos P, Bader JS, Karakousis PC, Fallows D, Kaplan G. Early innate immunity determines outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pulmonary infection in rabbits. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:60. [PMID: 23958185 PMCID: PMC3765177 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary infection of humans by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), results in active disease in 5-10% of individuals, while asymptomatic latent Mtb infection (LTBI) is established in the remainder. The host immune responses that determine this differential outcome following Mtb infection are not fully understood. Using a rabbit model of pulmonary TB, we have shown that infection with the Mtb clinical isolate HN878 (a hyper-virulent W-Beijing lineage strain) leads to progressive cavitary disease similar to what is seen in humans with active TB. In contrast, infection with Mtb CDC1551 (a hyper-immunogenic clinical isolate) is efficiently controlled in rabbit lungs, with establishment of LTBI, which can be reactivated upon treatment with immune-suppressive drugs. We hypothesize that the initial interaction of Mtb with the cells of the host response in the lungs determine later outcome of infection. Results To test this hypothesis, we used our rabbit model of pulmonary TB and infected the animals with Mtb HN878 or CDC1551. At 3 hours, with similar lung bacillary loads, HN878 infection caused greater accumulation of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the lungs, compared to animals infected with CDC1551. Using whole-genome microarray gene expression analysis, we delineated the early transcriptional changes in the lungs of HN878- or CDC1551-infected rabbits at this time and compared them to the differential response at 4 weeks of Mtb-infection. Our gene network and pathway analysis showed that the most significantly differentially expressed genes involved in the host response to HN878, compared to CDC1551, at 3 hours of infection, were components of the inflammatory response and STAT1 activation, recruitment and activation of macrophages, PMN, and fMLP (N-formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine)-stimulation. At 4 weeks, the CDC1551 bacillary load was significantly lower and the granulomatous response reduced compared to HN878 infection. Moreover, although inflammation was dampened in both Mtb infections at 4 weeks, the majority of the differentially expressed gene networks were similar to those seen at 3 hours. Conclusions We propose that differential regulation of the inflammation-associated innate immune response and related gene expression changes seen at 3 hours determine the long term outcome of Mtb infection in rabbit lungs.
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Leal MC, Casabona JC, Puntel M, Pitossi FJ. Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α: reliable targets for protective therapies in Parkinson's Disease? Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:53. [PMID: 23641196 PMCID: PMC3638129 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has received increased attention as a target for putative neuroprotective therapies in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Two prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) have been implicated as main effectors of the functional consequences of neuroinflammation on neurodegeneration in PD models. In this review, we describe that the functional interaction between these cytokines in the brain differs from the periphery (e.g., their expression is not induced by each other) and present data showing predominantly a toxic effect of these cytokines when expressed at high doses and for a sustained period of time in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN). In addition, we highlight opposite evidence showing protective effects of these two main cytokines when conditions of duration, amount of expression or state of activation of the target or neighboring cells are changed. Furthermore, we discuss these results in the frame of previous disappointing results from anti-TNF-α clinical trials against Multiple Sclerosis, another neurodegenerative disease with a clear neuroinflammatory component. In conclusion, we hypothesize that the available evidence suggests that the duration and dose of IL-1β or TNF-α expression is crucial to predict their functional effect on the SN. Since these parameters are not amenable for measurement in the SN of PD patients, we call for an in-depth analysis to identify downstream mediators that could be common to the toxic (and not the protective) effects of these cytokines in the SN. This strategy could spare the possible neuroprotective effect of these cytokines operative in the patient at the time of treatment, increasing the probability of efficacy in a clinical setting. Alternatively, receptor-specific agonists or antagonists could also provide a way to circumvent undesired effects of general anti-inflammatory or specific anti-IL-1β or TNF-α therapies against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Leal
- Institute Leloir Fundation - IIBBA-CONICET Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Perrier C, de Hertogh G, Cremer J, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Van Assche G, Szymkowski DE, Ceuppens JL. Neutralization of membrane TNF, but not soluble TNF, is crucial for the treatment of experimental colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:246-53. [PMID: 22649027 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agents neutralizing membrane tumor necrosis factor (mTNF) and soluble TNF (sTNF) are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Neutralization of mTNF, however, is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether neutralization of sTNF exclusively, by the use of a dominant negative mutant of TNF (XENP1595), could reduce the severity of colitis in mice. METHODS Colitis was induced in immunodeficient mice by transfer of CD45RB(hi) CD25 T-cells. Once the disease had developed, mice were treated twice a week with XENP1595, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), anti-TNF monoclonal antibody (mAb), or isotype control. The anti-TNF mAb blocks both mTNF and sTNF. Weights, disease activity index, macroscopic inflammation of the colon, and histological sections were evaluated. T-cell populations from the colon were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Treatment of mice with XENP1595 did not change the course of the disease, whereas mice treated with anti-TNF mAb recovered weight soon after the first treatment dose. Inflammation in the colon was reduced in mice treated with anti-TNF mAb compared to isotype control-treated animals. Mice treated with XENP1595 had a similar degree of inflammation in the colon as PBS-treated animals. The number of effector and regulatory T-cells in the colon remained unaffected by all treatments. CONCLUSIONS Neutralization of sTNF exclusively was unable to induce remission in T-cell-mediated colitis, suggesting that neutralization of mTNF is crucial for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Perrier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Olleros ML, Vesin D, Bisig R, Santiago-Raber ML, Schuepbach-Mallepell S, Kollias G, Gaide O, Garcia I. Membrane-bound TNF induces protective immune responses to M. bovis BCG infection: regulation of memTNF and TNF receptors comparing two memTNF molecules. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31469. [PMID: 22666310 PMCID: PMC3364241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several activities of the transmembrane form of TNF (memTNF) in immune responses to intracellular bacterial infection have been shown to be different from those exerted by soluble TNF. Evidence is based largely on studies in transgenic mice expressing memTNF, but precise cellular mechanisms are not well defined and the importance of TNF receptor regulation is unknown. In addition, memTNF activities are defined for a particular modification of the extracellular domain of TNF but a direct comparison of different mutant memTNF molecules has not been done in vivo. Methodology To understand the activities of memTNF we compared two commonly used mouse strains lacking soluble TNF but possessing functional and normally regulated membrane-bound TNF knockin (memTNF KI) for their capacity to generate cell-mediated immune responses and resistance to M. bovis BCG infection, and to regulate TNF receptors. Principal Findings M. bovis BCG infection resulted in similar bacterial loads in one strain of memTNF KI (memTNFΔ1–9,K11E) and in wild-type mice, in contrast, the other strain of memTNF KI mice (memTNFΔ1–12) showed higher sensitivity to infection with high mortality (75%), greater bacterial load and massive lung pathology. The pattern of cytokines/chemokines, inflammatory cells, pulmonary NF-κB phosphorylation, antigen-dependent IFN-γ response, and splenic iNOS was impaired in M. bovis BCG-infected memTNFΔ1–12 KI mice. Macrophages expressing TNFR2 were reduced but soluble TNFRs were higher in memTNFΔ1–12 KI mice during the infection. In vitro, M. bovis BCG-induced NF-κB activation and cytokines were also decreased in memTNFΔ1–12 KI bone marrow-derived macrophages. Conclusion Our data show that two memTNF molecules exerted very different activities upon M. bovis BCG infection resulting in protection or not to bacterial infection. These results suggest a regulatory mechanism of memTNF and TNF receptors being critical in the outcome of the infection and highlight the role of cell-bound and soluble TNFR2 in memTNF-mediated anti-microbial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Olleros
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Vesin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Bisig
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Laure Santiago-Raber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Institute of Immunology, Vari-Athens, Greece
| | - Olivier Gaide
- Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irene Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Fromm PD, Kling J, Mack M, Sedgwick JD, Körner H. Loss of TNF signaling facilitates the development of a novel Ly-6C(low) macrophage population permissive for Leishmania major infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:6258-66. [PMID: 22615203 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of TNF, the normally resistant C57BL/6 (B6.WT) strain develops a fatal, progressive form of leishmaniasis after infection with Leishmania major. It is not yet understood which TNF activity or the lack thereof is responsible for the dramatic progression of leishmaniasis in TNF-negative (B6.TNF(-/-)) mice. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms resulting in the fatal outcome of L. major infection in this gene-deficient mouse strain, we analyzed the monocytic component of the inflammatory infiltrate in the draining popliteal lymph node and the site of the infection using multicolor flow cytometry. The leukocytic infiltrate within the draining lymph node and footpad of B6.TNF(-/-) mice resembled that of B6.WT mice over the first 2 wk of cutaneous L. major infection. Thereafter, the B6.TNF(-/-) mice showed an increase of CD11c(+)Ly-6C(+)CCR2(+) monocytic dendritic cells within the popliteal lymph node in comparison with B6.WT mice. This increase of inflammatory dendritic cells was paired with the accumulation of a novel CD11b(+)Ly-6C(low)CCR2(low) population that was not present in B6.WT mice. This B6.TNF(-/-)- and B6.TNFR1(-/-)-specific cell population was CD115(+)Ly-6G(-)iNOS(-), not apoptotic, and harbored large numbers of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip D Fromm
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2039, Australia
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Dambuza I, Keeton R, Allie N, Hsu NJ, Randall P, Sebesho B, Fick L, Quesniaux VJF, Jacobs M. Reactivation of M. tuberculosis infection in trans-membrane tumour necrosis factor mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25121. [PMID: 22132068 PMCID: PMC3221652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Of those individuals who are infected with M. tuberculosis, 90% do not develop active disease and represents a large reservoir of M. tuberculosis with the potential for reactivation of infection. Sustained TNF expression is required for containment of persistent infection and TNF neutralization leads to tuberculosis reactivation. In this study, we investigated the contribution of soluble TNF (solTNF) and transmembrane TNF (Tm-TNF) in immune responses generated against reactivating tuberculosis. In a chemotherapy induced tuberculosis reactivation model, mice were challenged by aerosol inhalation infection with low dose M. tuberculosis for three weeks to establish infection followed chemotherapeutic treatment for six weeks, after which therapy was terminated and tuberculosis reactivation investigated. We demonstrate that complete absence of TNF results in host susceptibility to M. tuberculosis reactivation in the presence of established mycobacteria-specific adaptive immunity with mice displaying unrestricted bacilli growth and diffused granuloma structures compared to WT control mice. Interestingly, bacterial re-emergence is contained in Tm-TNF mice during the initial phases of tuberculosis reactivation, indicating that Tm-TNF sustains immune pressure as in WT mice. However, Tm-TNF mice show susceptibility to long term M. tuberculosis reactivation associated with uncontrolled influx of leukocytes in the lungs and reduced IL-12p70, IFNγ and IL-10, enlarged granuloma structures, and failure to contain mycobacterial replication relative to WT mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that both solTNF and Tm-TNF are required for maintaining immune pressure to contain reactivating M. tuberculosis bacilli even after mycobacteria-specific immunity has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Dambuza
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roanne Keeton
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nasiema Allie
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Philippa Randall
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Boipelo Sebesho
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lizette Fick
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Valerie J. F. Quesniaux
- CNRS UMR6218, Orleans, France
- Molecular Immunology and Embryology, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Taoufik E, Tseveleki V, Chu SY, Tselios T, Karin M, Lassmann H, Szymkowski DE, Probert L. Transmembrane tumour necrosis factor is neuroprotective and regulates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via neuronal nuclear factor-kappaB. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 134:2722-35. [PMID: 21908876 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor mediates chronic inflammatory pathologies including those affecting the central nervous system, but non-selective tumour necrosis factor inhibitors exacerbate multiple sclerosis. In addition, TNF receptor SF1A, which encodes one of the tumour necrosis factor receptors, has recently been identified as a multiple sclerosis susceptibility locus in genome-wide association studies in large patient cohorts. These clinical data have emphasized the need for a better understanding of the beneficial effects of tumour necrosis factor during central nervous system inflammation. In this study, we present evidence that the soluble and transmembrane forms of tumour necrosis factor exert opposing deleterious and beneficial effects, respectively, in a multiple sclerosis model. We compared the effects, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, of selectively inhibiting soluble tumour necrosis factor, and of both soluble and transmembrane tumour necrosis factor. Blocking the action of soluble tumour necrosis factor, but not of soluble tumour necrosis factor and transmembrane tumour necrosis factor, protected mice against the clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Therapeutic benefit was independent of changes in antigen-specific immune responses and focal inflammatory spinal cord lesions, but was associated with reduced overall central nervous system immunoreactivity, increased expression of neuroprotective molecules, and was dependent upon the activity of neuronal nuclear factor-κB, a downstream mediator of neuroprotective tumour necrosis factor/tumour necrosis factor receptor signalling, because mice lacking IκB kinase β in glutamatergic neurons were not protected by soluble tumour necrosis factor blockade. Furthermore, blocking the action of soluble tumour necrosis factor, but not of soluble tumour necrosis factor and transmembrane tumour necrosis factor, protected neurons in astrocyte-neuron co-cultures against glucose deprivation, an in vitro neurodegeneration model relevant for multiple sclerosis, and this was dependent upon contact between the two cell types. Our results show that soluble tumour necrosis factor promotes central nervous system inflammation, while transmembrane tumour necrosis factor is neuroprotective, and suggest that selective inhibition of soluble tumour necrosis factor may provide a new way forward for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and possibly other inflammatory central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Taoufik
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
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Maillet I, Schnyder-Candrian S, Couillin I, Quesniaux VFJ, Erard F, Moser R, Fleury S, Kanda A, Dombrowicz D, Szymkowski DE, Ryffel B. Allergic Lung Inflammation Is Mediated by Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Attenuated by Dominant-Negative TNF Biologics. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:731-9. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0512oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Garcia I, Olleros ML, Quesniaux VFJ, Jacobs M, Allie N, Nedospasov SA, Szymkowski DE, Ryffel B. Roles of soluble and membrane TNF and related ligands in mycobacterial infections: effects of selective and non-selective TNF inhibitors during infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 691:187-201. [PMID: 21153323 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6612-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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The duality of TNF signaling outcomes in the brain: potential mechanisms? Exp Neurol 2011; 229:198-200. [PMID: 21377463 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fallahi-Sichani M, El-Kebir M, Marino S, Kirschner DE, Linderman JJ. Multiscale computational modeling reveals a critical role for TNF-α receptor 1 dynamics in tuberculosis granuloma formation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3472-83. [PMID: 21321109 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple immune factors control host responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, including the formation of granulomas, which are aggregates of immune cells whose function may reflect success or failure of the host to contain infection. One such factor is TNF-α. TNF-α has been experimentally characterized to have the following activities in M. tuberculosis infection: macrophage activation, apoptosis, and chemokine and cytokine production. Availability of TNF-α within a granuloma has been proposed to play a critical role in immunity to M. tuberculosis. However, in vivo measurement of a TNF-α concentration gradient and activities within a granuloma are not experimentally feasible. Further, processes that control TNF-α concentration and activities in a granuloma remain unknown. We developed a multiscale computational model that includes molecular, cellular, and tissue scale events that occur during granuloma formation and maintenance in lung. We use our model to identify processes that regulate TNF-α concentration and cellular behaviors and thus influence the outcome of infection within a granuloma. Our model predicts that TNF-αR1 internalization kinetics play a critical role in infection control within a granuloma, controlling whether there is clearance of bacteria, excessive inflammation, containment of bacteria within a stable granuloma, or uncontrolled growth of bacteria. Our results suggest that there is an interplay between TNF-α and bacterial levels in a granuloma that is controlled by the combined effects of both molecular and cellular scale processes. Finally, our model elucidates processes involved in immunity to M. tuberculosis that may be new targets for therapy.
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Olleros ML, Vesin D, Fotio AL, Santiago-Raber ML, Tauzin S, Szymkowski DE, Garcia I. Soluble TNF, but not membrane TNF, is critical in LPS-induced hepatitis. J Hepatol 2010; 53:1059-68. [PMID: 20813418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS : Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection causes hepatic injury following granuloma formation and secretion of cytokines which renders mice highly sensitive to endotoxin-mediated hepatotoxicity. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is required for granuloma formation and is one of the most important cytokines in liver injury. TNF inhibitors are effective therapies for inflammatory diseases. However, clinical use of non-selective TNF inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of infections. This work investigates the differential roles of soluble TNF (solTNF) and membrane TNF (memTNF) in BCG infection, BCG/LPS- and D-GALN/LPS-induced liver injury. METHODS We have used both genetic and pharmacologic approaches and analyzed liver injury, TLR4, cytokine and iNOS activation induced by BCG, BCG/LPS and D-GALN/LPS. RESULTS BCG infection-induced liver injury is seen in wild-type mice but not in TNF(-/-), memTNF knock-in (KI), and sTNFR1-Fc transgenic mice. Severity of BCG-induced liver injury is correlated with BCG-granuloma number and hepatic expression of TLR4 and iNOS. In addition, protection from liver damage caused by BCG/LPS or D-GALN/LPS administration was observed in TNF(-/-), memTNF KI and sTNFR1-Fc transgenic mice. To extend the genetic findings, we then evaluated whether selective pharmacological inhibition of solTNF by dominant-negative (DN)-TNF neutralization and non-selective inhibition of solTNF and memTNF by anti-TNF antibodies and etanercept (TNFR2-IgG1) can protect the mice from liver injury. Both selective and non-selective inhibition of solTNF protected mice from BCG/LPS and D-GALN/LPS-induced liver damage. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that memTNF is not mediating liver injury and that selective inhibition of solTNF sparing memTNF may represent a new therapeutic strategy to treat immune-mediated inflammatory liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Olleros
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Switzerland
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37
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Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of two antigen concentrations of the Mtb72F/AS02(A) candidate tuberculosis vaccine in purified protein derivative-negative adults. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 17:1763-71. [PMID: 20861328 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00133-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of illness and death worldwide, making a new TB vaccine an urgent public health priority. Purified protein derivative (PPD)-negative adults (n = 50) were equally randomized to receive 3 doses at 1-month intervals (at 0, 1, and 2 months) of one of the following vaccines: Mtb72F/AS02(A) (10 or 40 μg antigen), Mtb72F/saline (10 or 40 μg antigen), or AS02(A). Mtb72F/AS02(A) recipients received an additional dose 1 year after the first dose to evaluate if the elicited immune response could be boosted. Mtb72F/AS02(A) vaccines were locally reactogenic but clinically well tolerated, with transient adverse events (usually lasting between 1 and 4 days) that resolved without sequelae being observed. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Vaccination with Mtb72F/AS02(A) induced a strong Mtb72F-specific humoral response and a robust Mtb72F-specific CD4(+) T-cell response, both of which persisted at 9 months after primary immunization and for 1 year after the booster immunization. There was no significant difference between the magnitude of the CD4(+) T-cell response induced by the 10-μg and 40-μg Mtb72F/AS02(A) vaccines. The Mtb72F-specific CD4(+) T cells predominantly expressed CD40L; CD40L and interleukin-2 (IL-2); CD40L and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); CD40L, IL-2, and TNF-α; and CD40L, IL-2, TNF-α, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Serum IFN-γ, but not TNF-α, was detected 1 day after doses 2 and 3 for the Mtb72F/AS02(A) vaccine but did not persist. Vaccine-induced CD8(+) T-cell responses were not detected, and no immune responses were elicited with AS02(A) alone. In conclusion, Mtb72F/AS02(A) is clinically well tolerated and is highly immunogenic in TB-naïve adults. The 10- and 40-μg Mtb72F/AS02(A) vaccines show comparable safety and immunogenicity profiles.
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38
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Horiuchi T, Mitoma H, Harashima SI, Tsukamoto H, Shimoda T. Transmembrane TNF-alpha: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:1215-28. [PMID: 20194223 PMCID: PMC2886310 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane TNF-α, a precursor of the soluble form of TNF-α, is expressed on activated macrophages and lymphocytes as well as other cell types. After processing by TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE), the soluble form of TNF-α is cleaved from transmembrane TNF-α and mediates its biological activities through binding to Types 1 and 2 TNF receptors (TNF-R1 and -R2) of remote tissues. Accumulating evidence suggests that not only soluble TNF-α, but also transmembrane TNF-α is involved in the inflammatory response. Transmembrane TNF-α acts as a bipolar molecule that transmits signals both as a ligand and as a receptor in a cell-to-cell contact fashion. Transmembrane TNF-α on TNF-α-producing cells binds to TNF-R1 and -R2, and transmits signals to the target cells as a ligand, whereas transmembrane TNF-α also acts as a receptor that transmits outside-to-inside (reverse) signals back to the cells after binding to its native receptors. Anti-TNF agents infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept bind to and neutralize soluble TNF-α, but exert different effects on transmembrane TNF-α-expressing cells (TNF-α-producing cells). In the clinical settings, these three anti-TNF agents are equally effective for RA, but etanercept is not effective for granulomatous diseases. Moreover, infliximab induces granulomatous infections more frequently than etanercept. Considering the important role of transmembrane TNF-α in granulomatous inflammation, reviewing the biology of transmembrane TNF-α and its interaction with anti-TNF agents will contribute to understanding the bases of differential clinical efficacy of these promising treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Horiuchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
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39
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Kadowaki T, Harada H, Sawada Y, Kohchi C, Soma GI, Takahashi Y, Inagawa H. Two types of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) genes: Molecular cloning and expression profile in response to several immunological stimulants. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 27:585-594. [PMID: 19146959 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a key inflammatory mediator and has also the potential as a prominent biomarker of innate immunity. In this study, we identified and characterized TNF-alpha from bluefin tuna, which is an important cultured species. Two types of TNF-alpha were also cloned incidentally (TNF1 and TNF2). The open reading frame of TNF1 and TNF2 cDNA encoded 247 and 245 amino acids, respectively. The amino acid sequence identity among sea perch, red sea bream, and tiger puffer was 73, 70, 59% for TNF1 and 49, 51, 45% for TNF2, respectively. The identity between TNF1 and TNF2 amino acid sequences of the bluefin tuna was only 43%. The positions of cysteine residues, transmembrane sequence, and protease cleavage site in bluefin tuna TNFs were similar with other reported fish and mammalian TNF-alpha. In a phylogenetic analysis, TNF1 is grouped with other reported Perciformes TNF-alpha. On the other hand, TNF2 is grouped with ayu TNF and is quite distant from the fish TNF-alpha group and lymphotoxin-beta group. While TNF1 mRNA showed no significant difference in all tissues, TNF2 mRNA was expressed significantly higher in the blood than in the gill, intestine, head kidney, spleen, heart, and ovary. In peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL), expressions of TNF2 mRNA were significantly increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, phorbol myristate acetate in vitro, but those of TNF1 were not. Recombinant mature TNF1 and TNF2 proteins significantly enhanced phagocytic activity of PBL. Our results suggest that bluefin tuna possess two types of TNF-alpha homologue, and TNF2 is a potential biomarker for innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kadowaki
- National Fisheries University, Applied Aquabiology, 2-7-1 Nagata-Honmachi Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-6595, Japan
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40
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The TNF superfamily in 2009: new pathways, new indications, and new drugs. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:1082-8. [PMID: 19837186 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Today's most successful class of biologics targets the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor in autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn's. With five anti-TNF biologics now on the market, attention has turned toward novel strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of next-generation TNF inhibitors. Beyond TNF, drugs are under development that modulate many other ligands and receptors of the TNF superfamily. Biologics targeting at least 16 of the approximately 22 known ligand-receptor pairs are now in clinical development for autoimmune diseases, cancers and osteoporosis. A deeper understanding of intracellular signaling has also facilitated small-molecule interventions, opening the door to oral therapies. This report summarizes recent developments in this highly druggable superfamily, including highlights of the latest international TNF conference.
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Histamine plays an essential regulatory role in lung inflammation and protective immunity in the acute phase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 2009; 77:5359-68. [PMID: 19822651 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01497-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The course and outcome of infection with mycobacteria are determined by a complex interplay between the immune system of the host and the survival mechanisms developed by the bacilli. Recent data suggest a regulatory role of histamine not only in the innate but also in the adaptive immune response. We used a model of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in histamine-deficient mice lacking histidine decarboxylase (HDC(-/-)), the histamine-synthesizing enzyme. To confirm that mycobacterial infection induced histamine production, we exposed mice to M. tuberculosis and compared responses in C57BL/6 (wild-type) and HDC(-/-) mice. Histamine levels increased around fivefold above baseline in infected C57BL/6 mice at day 28 of infection, whereas only small amounts were detected in the lungs of infected HDC(-/-) mice. Blocking histamine production decreased both neutrophil influx into lung tissue and the release of proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), in the acute phase of infection. However, the accumulation and activation of CD4(+) T cells were augmented in the lungs of infected HDC(-/-) mice and correlated with a distinct granuloma formation that contained abundant lymphocytic infiltration and reduced numbers of mycobacteria 28 days after infection. Furthermore, the production of IL-12, gamma interferon, and nitric oxide, as well as CD11c(+) cell influx into the lungs of infected HDC(-/-) mice, was increased. These findings indicate that histamine produced after M. tuberculosis infection may play a regulatory role not only by enhancing the pulmonary neutrophilia and production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha but also by impairing the protective Th1 response, which ultimately restricts mycobacterial growth.
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Forlenza M, Magez S, Scharsack JP, Westphal A, Savelkoul HFJ, Wiegertjes GF. Receptor-Mediated and Lectin-Like Activities of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) TNF-α. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:5319-32. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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43
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Allie N, Alexopoulou L, Quesniaux VJF, Fick L, Kranidioti K, Kollias G, Ryffel B, Jacobs M. Protective role of membrane tumour necrosis factor in the host's resistance to mycobacterial infection. Immunology 2008; 125:522-34. [PMID: 18544042 PMCID: PMC2612548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a critical role in the recruitment and activation of mononuclear cells in mycobacterial infection. The role of membrane TNF, in host resistance against Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), was tested in knock-in mice in which the endogenous TNF was replaced by a non-cleavable and regulated allele (Δ1–12, TNFtm/tm). While 100% of mice with complete TNF deficiency (TNF−/−) succumbed to infection, 50% of TNFtm/tm mice were able to control M. bovis BCG infection and survived the experimental period. Membrane expressed TNF allowed a substantial recruitment of activated T cells and macrophages with granuloma formation and expression of bactericidal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Using virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection we confirm that membrane TNF conferred partial protection. Infection in TNFtm/tm double transgenic mice with TNF-R1 or TNF-R2 suggest protection is mediated through TNF-R2 signalling. Therefore, the data suggest that membrane-expressed TNF plays a critical role in host defence to mycobacterial infection and may partially substitute for soluble TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasiema Allie
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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44
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Shibata H, Yoshioka Y, Ohkawa A, Minowa K, Mukai Y, Abe Y, Taniai M, Nomura T, Kayamuro H, Nabeshi H, Sugita T, Imai S, Nagano K, Yoshikawa T, Fujita T, Nakagawa S, Yamamoto A, Ohta T, Hayakawa T, Mayumi T, Vandenabeele P, Aggarwal BB, Nakamura T, Yamagata Y, Tsunoda SI, Kamada H, Tsutsumi Y. Creation and X-ray structure analysis of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-1-selective mutant of a tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:998-1007. [PMID: 18003610 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707933200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) induces inflammatory response predominantly through the TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1). Thus, blocking the binding of TNF to TNFR1 is an important strategy for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases, such as hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we identified a TNFR1-selective antagonistic mutant TNF from a phage library displaying structural human TNF variants in which each one of the six amino acid residues at the receptor-binding site (amino acids at positions 84-89) was replaced with other amino acids. Consequently, a TNFR1-selective antagonistic mutant TNF (R1antTNF), containing mutations A84S, V85T, S86T, Y87H, Q88N, and T89Q, was isolated from the library. The R1antTNF did not activate TNFR1-mediated responses, although its affinity for the TNFR1 was almost similar to that of the human wild-type TNF (wtTNF). Additionally, the R1antTNF neutralized the TNFR1-mediated bioactivity of wtTNF without influencing its TNFR2-mediated bioactivity and inhibited hepatic injury in an experimental hepatitis model. To understand the mechanism underlying the antagonistic activity of R1antTNF, we analyzed this mutant using the surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography. Kinetic association/dissociation parameters of the R1antTNF were higher than those of the wtTNF, indicating very fast bond dissociation. Furthermore, x-ray crystallographic analysis of R1antTNF suggested that the mutation Y87H changed the binding mode from the hydrophobic to the electrostatic interaction, which may be one of the reasons why R1antTNF behaved as an antagonist. Our studies demonstrate the feasibility of generating TNF receptor subtype-specific antagonist by extensive substitution of amino acids of the wild-type ligand protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Shibata
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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45
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Efficacy of membrane TNF mediated host resistance is dependent on mycobacterial virulence. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2007; 88:221-34. [PMID: 17950671 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
TNF is required for protection against virulent and non-virulent mycobacterial infections. Here we compared the effect of Tm-TNF and sTNF, two different molecular forms of TNF, in virulent and non-virulent murine challenge models. Using non-virulent Mycobacterium bovis BCG intranasal infection we established that immunity is durably compromised in Tm-TNF mice, with augmented bacilli burden, leading to chronic but non-lethal infection. Acute infection by a virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis low-dose aerosol challenge was controlled in Tm-TNF mice with bacilli burdens equivalent to that in WT mice and pulmonary pathology characterised by the formation of well-defined, bactericidal granulomas. Protective immunity was however compromised in Tm-TNF mice during the chronic phase of M. tuberculosis infection, with increased lung bacterial growth and inflammatory cell activation, dissolution of granulomas associated with dispersed iNOS expression, increased pulmonary IFNgamma and IL-10 expression but decreased IL-12 production, followed by death. In conclusion, membrane TNF is sufficient to control non-virulent, M. bovis BCG infection, and acute but not chronic infection with virulent M. tuberculosis.
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Zalevsky J, Secher T, Ezhevsky SA, Janot L, Steed PM, O'Brien C, Eivazi A, Kung J, Nguyen DHT, Doberstein SK, Erard F, Ryffel B, Szymkowski DE. Dominant-negative inhibitors of soluble TNF attenuate experimental arthritis without suppressing innate immunity to infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:1872-83. [PMID: 17641054 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine required for normal development and function of the immune system; however, TNF overexpression also induces inflammation and is associated with autoimmune diseases. TNF exists as both a soluble and a transmembrane protein. Genetic studies in mice have suggested that inflammation in disease models involves soluble TNF (solTNF) and that maintenance of innate immune function involves transmembrane TNF (tmTNF). These findings imply that selective pharmacologic inhibition of solTNF may be anti-inflammatory and yet preserve innate immunity to infection. To address this hypothesis, we now describe dominant-negative inhibitors of TNF (DN-TNFs) as a new class of biologics that selectively inhibits solTNF. DN-TNFs blocked solTNF activity in human and mouse cells, a human blood cytokine release assay, and two mouse arthritis models. In contrast, DN-TNFs neither inhibited the activity of human or mouse tmTNF nor suppressed innate immunity to Listeria infection in mice. These results establish DN-TNFs as the first selective inhibitors of solTNF, demonstrate that inflammation in mouse arthritis models is primarily driven by solTNF, and suggest that the maintenance of tmTNF activity may improve the therapeutic index of future anti-inflammatory agents.
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Togbe D, Grivennikov SI, Noulin N, Couillin I, Maillet I, Jacobs M, Maret M, Fick L, Nedospasov SA, Quesniaux VFJ, Schnyder B, Schnyder-Candrian S. T cell-derived TNF down-regulates acute airway response to endotoxin. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:768-79. [PMID: 17301950 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic airway inflammations caused by environmental agents including endotoxin represent an increasing health problem. Local TNF production may contribute to lung dysfunction and inflammation, although pulmonary neutrophil recruitment occurs in the absence of TNF. First, we demonstrate that membrane-bound TNF is sufficient to mediate the inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Secondly, using cell type-specific TNF-deficient mice we show that TNF derived from either macrophage/neutrophil (M/N) or T lymphocytes have differential effects on LPS-induced respiratory dysfunction (enhanced respiratory pause, Penh) and pulmonary neutrophil recruitment. While Penh, vascular leak, neutrophil recruitment, TNF, and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17 (TARC) expression in the lung were reduced in M/N-deficient mice, T cell-specific TNF-deficient mice displayed augmented Penh, vascular leak, neutrophil influx, increased CD11c+ cells and expression of TNF, TARC and murine CXC chemokines KC/CXCL1 in the lung. In conclusion, inactivation of TNF in either M/N or T cells has differential effects on LPS-induced lung disease, suggesting that selective deletion of TNF in T cells may aggravate airway pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonnée Togbe
- Université d'Orléans and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Molecular Immunology and Embryology, Orléans, France
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48
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Jacobs M, Togbe D, Fremond C, Samarina A, Allie N, Botha T, Carlos D, Parida SK, Grivennikov S, Nedospasov S, Monteiro A, Le Bert M, Quesniaux V, Ryffel B. Tumor necrosis factor is critical to control tuberculosis infection. Microbes Infect 2007; 9:623-8. [PMID: 17409008 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2006] [Revised: 01/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is critical and non-redundant to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and cannot be replaced by other proinflammatory cytokines. Overproduction of TNF may cause immunopathology, while TNF neutralization reactivates latent and chronic, controlled infection, which is relevant for the use of neutralizing TNF therapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muazzam Jacobs
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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49
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Abstract
During tuberculosis (TB) infection, the granuloma provides the microenvironment in which antigen-specific T cells colocate with and activate infected macrophages to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although the granuloma is the site for mycobacterial killing, virulent mycobacteria have developed a variety of mechanisms to resist this macrophage-mediated killing. These surviving mycobacteria become dormant, however, if host cellular immunity or the signals maintaining granuloma structure wane, or if mycobacteria resume replication, leading to reactivation of TB. This balance of life and death applies not only to the mycobacterium but also to the host macrophages that may undergo apoptosis or necrosis, leading to the characteristic caseous necrosis within the granuloma, and the potential spread of TB infection. The immunological factors controlling the development and maintenance of the granuloma will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette M Saunders
- Mycobacterial Research Programme, Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.
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50
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Oikonomou N, Harokopos V, Zalevsky J, Valavanis C, Kotanidou A, Szymkowski DE, Kollias G, Aidinis V. Soluble TNF mediates the transition from pulmonary inflammation to fibrosis. PLoS One 2006; 1:e108. [PMID: 17205112 PMCID: PMC1762410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosis, the replacement of functional tissue with excessive fibrous tissue, can occur in all the main tissues and organ systems, resulting in various pathological disorders. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is a prototype fibrotic disease involving abnormal wound healing in response to multiple sites of ongoing alveolar epithelial injury. Methodology/Principal Findings To decipher the role of TNF and TNF-mediated inflammation in the development of fibrosis, we have utilized the bleomycin-induced animal model of Pulmonary Fibrosis and a series of genetically modified mice lacking components of TNF signaling. Transmembrane TNF expression is shown to be sufficient to elicit an inflammatory response, but inadequate for the transition to the fibrotic phase of the disease. Soluble TNF expression is shown to be crucial for lymphocyte recruitment, a prerequisite for TGF-b1 expression and the development of fibrotic lesions. Moreover, through a series of bone marrow transfers, the necessary TNF expression is shown to originate from the non-hematopoietic compartment further localized in apoptosing epithelial cells. Conclusions These results suggest a primary detrimental role of soluble TNF in the pathologic cascade, separating it from the beneficial role of transmembrane TNF, and indicate the importance of assessing the efficacy of soluble TNF antagonists in the treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bleomycin/toxicity
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Solubility
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/deficiency
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Oikonomou
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming,” Athens, Greece
| | - Vaggelis Harokopos
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming,” Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Valavanis
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Kollias
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming,” Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming,” Athens, Greece
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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